Harshen Kayan Kimiyya don Kawo karshen annobar batsa

Duba labarin ta Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry

Sun ce matakin farko shine yarda cewa kuna da matsala. Ina tsammanin yawancin masu karanta wannan labarin za su amsa da fushi, kuma mutane da yawa za su ga yana faɗi abubuwan da suka rigaya sun kasance gaskiya-kuma ina tsammanin waɗannan rukunoni biyun za su hade sosai. Babban abin da ya kawo cikas ga fuskantar matsalar jaraba shine musun juna, tare kuma muna musun batsa ta hanyar batsa.

Tunda da alama yana da dacewa, bari in faɗi a farkon cewa ni Faransa ce. Kowane zaren Latin na, jikin Katolika yana farfadowa da tsafta a kowane irin salo, musamman ma na almara, irin na Anglo-Puritan da ya mamaye Amurka. Na yi imani cewa batsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaututtukan da Allah ya yi wa ɗan adam, mai hankali wata babbar matsala ce, kuma ba ta daɗewa ba, faɗakarwa game da batsa na batsa, ko daga Ikklesiya na Ikklesiyoyin bishara ko kuma abokai aboki na mata, sun sa ni mirgina idanuna. 

Ba kuma bane. Na yi mummunan mutuwa. 'Yan shekarun da suka gabata, aboki — ba mamaki, aboki na mata - ya ambata cewa akwai ingantacciyar shaidar likita don gabatarwar cewa batsa ta yanar gizo yana da haɗari sosai fiye da yawancin mutane da ake zargi. Tunda nake da nutsuwa, sai na bincika. Na zama abin sha'awa, na ci gaba da bin kimiyyar zamani, da kuma bayanan shaida ta yanar gizo, a kashe da kuma ci gaba. Ba a dauki lokaci mai tsawo ba kafin na fahimci cewa abokina yana da gaskiya. A haƙiƙa, yayin da na ƙara bincika batun, sai na ƙara tsoratar da kaina.

Babban batun wannan labarin shine, duk da haka muna iya jin halin kirki game da batsa gaba ɗaya, da dama abubuwa game da batsa kamar yadda ya kasance a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, tare da fito da rukunin "Tube" waɗanda ke ba da ƙarshen, nan take , bidiyo mai ma'ana a cikin 2006, da kuma yaduwar wayoyi da Allunan tun 2007, ya banbanta da duk wani abin da muka taɓa samu a baya. 

Yarjejeniyar kimiyya ta fito fili cewa batsa ta yau tabbas hatsari ce ga lafiyar jama'a: sabon yanayin zamansa ya haɗu da wasu fasalolin ƙirar halittar kwakwalwarmu don su zama masu haɗuwa ta musamman, tare da duk wani magani da zaku iya sawa - kuma yana da lalacewa na musamman. Shaidar tana cikin: batsa kamar jaraba ce kamar shan taba, ko ƙari, sai dai abin da shan sigari yake yiwa huhun ku, batsa yana yiwa kwakwalwarku. 

Lalacewa ta ainihi ce, kuma tana da zurfi. Hujjojin kimiyya sun hauhawa: wasu sifofin da aka tsara su akan tsarin ilimin mu ba kawai yana nuna cewa batsa yau tana cikin jaraba ne kawai, amma wannan jaraba - wanda, a wannan gaba, dole ya haɗa da yawancin maza - yana sake farfado da kwakwalwarmu ta hanyoyi wannan yana da matukar illa ga halayenmu, dangantakarmu, da lafiyar hankalin mu. 

Bugu da kari, Na yi imani cewa yana da tasiri mai zurfi a kan tsarin zamantakewarmu baki daya - alhali ba zai yiwu a nuna wata hanyar alaka da tasirin kimiyya ba ta hanyar shakku mai ma'ana idan aka zo da yanayin ci gaba na zamantakewa, na yi imani shaidar har yanzu tana tursasawa ko, aƙalla, babbar ba da shawara.

Tabbas, yana da tursasawa sosai don haka yanzu na yi imani da cewa jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo shine babban ƙalubalen lafiyar lafiyar jama'a da ke gaban yamma a yau.

Idan shaidar tana da ƙarfi kuma lalacewa tana da zurfi da taɓarwatacce, me yasa babu wanda yake magana game da wannan? Kwarai kuwa — me yasa aka daɗe don jama'a su yarda, kuma su amsa shaidar, game da illolin shan sigari? A wani bangare saboda, ko da fito da hujjojin kimiyya sun tabbatar da gaskiya, a mafi kyawun duniyan duniya koyaushe akwai rashi tsakanin kwararrun masu binciken da masu kofofin ilimi suka rungume ta, ta yadda zasu bashi tambarin zamantakewa na yarda da kimiyya. A bangare shine saboda, saboda yawancin mu, zatonmu na asali shine "batsa" ma'ana wani abu mai kama da shi Playboy da kuma kundin adireshin lina. A bangare daya, saboda yaduwa ne (kuma a ra'ayina, kuskure) zato game da abin da mahimmanci dabi'u kamar 'yancin magana, daidaiton jinsi, da lafiyar jima'i ya ƙunsa. A bangare kuwa saboda abubuwan da ake kulawa da zurfi suna da ruwa da tsaki kan matsayin. Kuma a cikin manyan yankuna, saboda yawancin mu masu shan kwayoyi ne - kuma kamar kyawawan jaraba, muna musunmu. 

Batsa Sabon Sigar Shan Sigari

Na kasance mai shan taba tun daga farkon shekarun 20 na. Na faɗi abubuwa kamar, “Ba zan iya tsayawa kowane lokaci ba,” “Na kan yi ne saboda ina jin daɗin hakan,” “Kakata ta sha sigari shekaru da yawa kuma tana da ƙoshin lafiya,” yayin da take jin kunyar ɓoye don ba ta iya hawa jirgin sama ba matakala ba tare da rasa numfashi na ba. Babu wani irin ruɗani da ya fi ƙarfin zina. 

Masu ba da shawara game da batsa kamar magana "batsa shine sabon shan sigari." Kira a yau farkon matakan "Mad Men" na aiwatar, to: lokacin da yawancin mutane har yanzu suna ganin shan taba a matsayin marasa lahani, amma shaidar kimiyya ta fara ne tarin, kuma m-drip-drip-sabon bayanin da ake fara fara jin fiye da kwararrun da'irori na ilimi da kuma 'yan kooks waɗanda suka yi farin ciki gaba ɗaya cewa wannan shi ne mafi sharri da shi duba. Zamu iya fatan, wani lokaci ba tsayi da yawa ba daga yanzu, zamu kalli wasan barkwanci na yau game da PornHub tare da cukuɗe iri guda da kunyar da muke ji lokacin da muke ganin tallan 1950s tare da taken kamar "Doarin Likita Hayaƙi Rage sama da kowane Sigar Sigari."

Don haka, menene wannan sabon bayanan kimiyya?

Mataki na farko shine duba hujjoji game da tasirin batsa a cikin ilmin sunadarai. Ba zato bane a faɗi cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa, musamman maza, suna jujjuyawar juyin halitta don neman motsawar jima'i. Lokacin da muka samo shi, wani sashi mai zurfi na kwakwalwarmu wanda ake kira cibiyar lada, wanda muke rabawa tare da yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma wanda aikin shi shine ya sa mu ji daɗi yayin da muke yin abubuwan da aka tsara mu don nemanwa, sakewa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi. 

A wasu lokuta ana kiranta Dopamine “hormone na jin daɗi,” amma wannan babban aikin ne; zai zama mafi daidai don kira shi "hormone so" ko "hormone nema". Abin mahimmanci, sakin dopamine yana farawa ba tare da lada kanta ba, amma tare da tsammanin sakamako. Aikin cibiyar lada shine ya sanya mu nema wadancan abubuwan ne wadanda muka kirkirar halittarsu don nema — kama daga jima'i da abinci.

Ba daidai ba ne ɗabi'a da arean adam ke wayoyi don neman sha'awar jima'i, ko? A'a, amma batsa na intanet na yau yana wasa daban da tsarin ladaranmu. Tsarin tsarin ladan dabbobi masu shayarwa yana haifar da wani abu wanda masana kimiyya ke kira Tasirin Coolidge. 

An ba shi suna ne bayan wani tsohon wargi: Shugaba Calvin Coolidge da Uwargidan Shugaban kasa suna ziyarar gona daban. Misis Coolidge ta ziyarci farfajiyar kajin sai ta ga zakara ta yi yawa. Tana tambaya sau nawa hakan ke faruwa, kuma ana ce mata, “Sau da yawa a kowace rana.” Misis Coolidge ta amsa, “Ku fada wa shugaban kasa lokacin da ya zo.” Bayan an gaya masa, shugaban kasa yana tambaya, “Haka kaza kowane lokaci? "" Ah, a'a, Mr. Shugaban, wani kaza daban daban kowane lokaci. "" Ka faɗi hakan ga Mrs. Coolidge. "

Saboda haka, Coolidge Tasirin. Idan ka sanya bera cikin kwalin da berayen mata da yawa a zafi, to bera zata fara farawa da duk berayen na mata, har sai ta ƙare duka. Berayen, har yanzu suna son taron jima'i, za su nisanta da lasazin dabbar, amma a wani lokaci zai daina amsawa kawai - har sai kun saka sabuwar mace a cikin akwatin, a inda a nan ne namiji zai farka ba zato ba tsammani sabuwar mace. 

Yana da kyau (albeit corny) wargi. Amma Tasirin Coolidge shima yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda sukai fice a kimiyyance. An sake buga shi a cikin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma yawancin dabbobi (wasu nau'ikan wasan kurket ba su da shi). Maganin Juyin Halitta shine yada kwayoyin halitta gwargwadon iko, wanda ya sa Coolidge Effective ya zama karbuwa sosai. Neurochemically, wannan yana nufin cewa kwakwalwarmu tana samar da ƙarin dopamine tare da abokan tarayya. Kuma - wannan shine mafi mahimmanci - a kan shafukan Tube, kowane sabon yanayin batsa kwakwalwarmu tana fassara a matsayin sabon abokin tarayya. A cikin binciken, an nuna fim ɗin batsa iri ɗaya ga wasu gungun maza, kuma sun gano cewa ƙyalli ya faɗi tare da kowane sabon kallo-har sai an nuna sabon fim, wanda a daidai lokacin ne aka harbi turaren dama har zuwa matakin iri ɗaya kamar lokacin da an nuna wa maza fim ɗin a karon farko. 

Wannan ita ce ɗayan mahimman hanyoyi waɗanda batsa ta yau ta kebanta da na jiya: sabanin Playboy, batsa ta yanar gizo yana ba da labarun zahiri mara iyaka ba tare da ƙoƙari ba. Tare da shafukan Tube da haɗin hanyoyin sadarwa, zaku iya samun sabon shirin-abin da kwakwalwarku ke fassara a matsayin sabon abokin tarayya - a zahiri kowane minti, kowane sakan na biyu. Kuma tare da kwamfyutocin, wayoyi da Allunan, ana iya samun damarsu ko'ina, 24/7, nan da nan.

Za'a iya misalta wannan da Noiko wanda ya gabatar da Nikolaas Tinbergen da ake kira da superstimulus: wani abu mai ƙage da zai samar da wani yunƙuri wanda kwakwalwarmu ke haɓaka juyin halitta don neman, amma a wani mataki sama da abin da muke shirin juyin halitta tare da shi, na lalacewa a kan kwakwalwarmu. Tinbergen ya gano cewa tsuntsayen mata na iya yin rayuwarsu suna gwagwarmayar zama kan manya-manyan kwayoyi masu launuka masu haske yayin da suke barin nasu, kwayayen paler su mutu. Increasingarin yawan masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa barkewar ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da camfi: samfurori kamar sukari mai ladabi sune misalai na kayan ɗan adam na wani abu da aka tsara mu nema, a cikin wani tsarin da ba ya kasancewa a cikin yanayin kuma cewa namu ba a shirya gawawwakin ba. 

Juyin Halittar ba zai iya shirya kwakwalwarmu ba don ƙwayar cuta ta sabon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yana sa batsa ta yanar gizo musamman jaraba — kamar magani. Wasu masana kimiyyar sun yi imani da cewa dalilin da yasa magungunan sunadarai na iya zama masu cutarwa shi ne cewa suna haifar da lamuran hanyoyin aikin kwakwalwarmu da ake dangantawa da jima'i; jarabawar tabar heroin sau da yawa cewa harbi sama "yana jin kamar inzali." Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2010 akan berayen ya gano cewa amfani da methamphetamine yana kunna tsarin ladabi iri ɗaya da kuma sadarwar guda.

(Tare da dabbobin ruwa da wasu manyan dabbobin birrai, beraye sune kadai masu shayarwa masu shayarwa da jin daɗin haifuwa; tsarin tsarin 'yan adam na sihiri shine ainihin ɗaya kamar berayen, tunda suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan juzu'in sassan kwakwalwar mu. Waɗannan abubuwan suna sa ƙananan masu sukar abubuwan ingantaccen gwaji don gwaje-gwaje akan ƙwayoyin jikin ɗan adam. Ee, idan ya zo ga yin jima'i, mu maza mu ne berayen. Mafi sani..)

Abin da ya fi wannan, ba a haihuwar da mai lada mai wutsiya a cikin kwakwalwansu don giya, ko cocaine-amma ana haife kowa tare da tsarin sakamako na lalura don motsa sha'awa. Binciken jaraba na shaye-shaye ya nuna cewa ba duk mutane ba ne ke da haɗarin shaye-shayen abubuwa masu guba-kawai idan kuna da yanayin tsinkaye kwayar cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ku za a iya yaudarar kanku ta hanyar lalata wani sinadarai na jima'i. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasu mutane suka zama masu shan giya ko da bayan an same su da giya mai tsayi, yayin da wasu (kamar ni) za su iya shan giya sosai ba tare da haɓaka jaraba ba, ko kuma me yasa wasu mutane zasu iya shan taba sigari ɗaya a wurin bikin sannan kuma kada ku damu da hakan yayin da wasu (kamar ni) dole ne suyi maganin nicotine a kowace rana. Sabanin haka, dukkanmu muke da wata dabi'a ta jaraba game da jarabar jima'i. 

Wata ingantacciyar hanyar juyin halitta wani abu da ake kira sakamako mai tasiri. Mun sami ci gaba a karkashin yanayin karancin albarkatun, wanda ke nufin yana da fa'ida a kimiya don samun tsarin lada da aka shirya wanda zai bamu karfi mai karfi don binge duk lokacin da muka buga wani abu mai wuya. Amma sanya dabbobi masu shayarwa don tasirin sakamako a cikin yanayin yalwa na iya lalata fitina a kwakwalwar su. (An kuma danganta tasirin ma'adanin zuwa kiba.)

Idan tsarin ladanmu ya fassara kowane sabon hoton batsa a matsayin abu daya a matsayin sabon abokin tarawa, wannan yana nufin wani nau'in kuzarin da ba'a taba ganin irinsa ba. Ba m Playboy, ko ma '90s-era dial-up downloads. Hatta sarakunan Rome masu lalata, sultans na Turkiyya, da taurari na dutsen 1970s basu taba samun 24/7 ba, sau-sau-sau-biyu don samun dama ta ƙarshe, marasa ma'ana na jima'i.

Haɗuwa da keɓaɓɓiyar da'ira ta halitta don sakamako na neurochemical da ke da alaƙa da jima'i da yiwuwar sabon abu, wanda ba shi da labarin batsa har zuwa 2006 - yana nufin cewa mai amfani yanzu zai iya ci gaba da matakan dopamine sosai. , kuma tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, fiye da yadda zamu iya fatan kwakwalwarmu zata iya sarrafawa ba tare da lalacewa ta ainihi ba. 

Don haka, ka’idar kenan. Me game da aikin? Shaida a hankali ta na tattarawa; A wannan gaba, zamu iya cewa shaidar kimiyya da ke nuna cewa batsa ta yanar gizo tana aiki akan kwakwalwarmu kamar cocaine ko barasa ko taba, yayin da yake kwanan nan, yana da ƙarfi sosai. 

Yarjejeniya ta yi jinkirin fitowa a wani bangare saboda wani lamari mai fadi: masu binciken jaraba a al’adance sun saba da amfani da “jaraba” a matsayin alama ta halayen da ba su shafi abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai ba, a bayyane yake saboda al'adun mu na warkewa sun fi sanya abubuwa da yawa. a karkashin lakabin “jaraba." Dukkanmu mun hada idanun mu lokacin da manyan mutane da #MeToo suka yiwa Allah laifi "jarabar jima'i" kuma suka sanar da niyyar su sake komawa ciki, kuma mun kasance masu gaskiya.

Amma al'adunmu na gargajiya sun sanya nau'ikan dabi'un a karkashin jarabar shaye-shaye ("jarabar kayan shaye-shaye") ba abu daya bane da ilimin ilimin jaraba, kuma ci gaba a cikin fasahar zanen kwakwalwa sun karkatar da sikeli ta fuskar kallon jaraba. cuta ce ta kwakwalwa, ba cuta ce ta sinadarai ba.

A takarda ƙasa 2016  da Nora D. Volkow, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Miyagun Kwayoyi, da George F. Koob, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Alkahol da Alcoholism, a cikin New England Journal of Medicine, ya ci gaba da yin amfani da sabbin ilimin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma bayanan fasahar kwakwalwa kuma ya kammala da cewa yana goyan bayan “tsarin cututtukan kwakwalwa ne game da jaraba.” Ma'anar kimiyyar jaraba tana canzawa zuwa wacce take lura da takamaiman abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwar da ke sa mutane su nuna wasu halaye na dabi'a, kamar yadda akasin haka ne ko mara lafiyar yana cakuɗe shi a cikin takamaiman kwayoyin sunadarai.  

Labaran batsa ta yanar gizo sun dace da wannan ƙirar. Sannu a hankali, shaidar ta kasance tana ta tattarawa, kuma ga shi, yanzu, ya mamaye: batsa yana yin abu iri ɗaya ga kwakwalwarmu kamar abubuwan maye.

Nazarin 2011 a kan abubuwan da aka ba da rahoton kansu na maza 89 da aka gano "daidaituwa tsakanin hanyoyin hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa na iya bayar da tasu gudummawa ga tabbatar da wuce gona da iri da kuma waɗanda aka bayyana ga mutanen da ke da abubuwan dogaro." Nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge na 2014 duba kwakwalwar mutane ta hanyar injin na MRI; Valerie Voon, mawallafin jagorar binciken, taƙaitaccen binciken ya nuna haka ne: “Akwai bambance-bambance a bayyane a cikin aikin kwakwalwa tsakanin marasa lafiyar da ke da halin yin jima'i da masu sa kai da ke lafiya."

Wani karatun Jami’ar Cambridge a wannan shekarar, wannan lokacin yana kwatanta amsar jarabar jaraba game da gwaje-gwajen ilimin batsa ga amsar batutuwa na yau da kullun, gano cewa "bidiyon da aka bayyane ya kasance yana da alaƙa da babban aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwa mai kama da wanda aka lura a cikin karatun-cue-reactivity karatu." Kusan duk karatun neuroscience akan wannan batun suna samun sakamako iri ɗaya: amfani da batsa na kan layi yana yin abu iri ɗaya ga kwakwalwarmu kamar maye. 

Amma kar ka dauki maganata don ita. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi zurfi da yawa na wallafe-wallafen. Binciken guda ɗaya kawai wanda na san shi, daga 2014, yana jayayya da ra'ayin jaraba game da batsa ta yanar gizo; bita ne kawai wanda baya kallon karatun kwakwalwa da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, da kuma hada karatuttuka tun kafin zamanin Tube da kuma bayan sa. A halin yanzu, cikakken nazarin 2015 na wallafe-wallafen neuroscience akan labaran batsa ta yanar gizo sun gano cewa "binciken neuroscientific yana tallafawa zato cewa ayyukan cigaba (na jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo) sun yi kama da jaraba ta sinadari" kuma "jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo ta dace da tsarin jaraba tare da raba wasu hanyoyin na yau da kullun tare da jarabar abubuwa . ” Wani bita na 2015 gano cewa "Nazarin ne mai amfani da tsoka da jijiyoyi yana tallafawa zaton zaton juna tsakanin masu amfani da yanar gizon intanet da kuma jarabawar abubuwan maye da kuma abubuwan dogaro." Binciken 2018 sami daidai da wancan: 

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan na neurobiological ya bayyana cewa halayen jima'i na tilastawa yana da alaƙa da canza tsarin kayan jima'i da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki. . . . bayanan da ke gudana suna nuna ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta yana raba kwaminis tare da sauran ƙari kamar amfani da abu da rikicewar caca.

A watan Janairun 2019, ƙungiyar masu bincike buga takarda kai tsaye mai taken "Labaran Batsa ta Lantarki: Abinda muka sani da Abinda Ba Zamu Iya ba - Tsarin Tsararren Tsari" wanda ya kammala, "kamar yadda muka sani, da yawa daga binciken da aka yi kwanan nan sun tallafa (yin amfani da batsa ta hanyar batsa ta yanar gizo) azaman jaraba." da wuya a kira wannan komai amma shaidar rashin ƙarfi.

An gudanar da karatun a kasashe da yawa, kuma ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, daga zane-zane har zuwa gwaji da kuma gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, dukkansu sun fadi daidai wannan maganar. 

Lafiya dai, zaku iya amsawa, jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo na iya zama abu ne na gaske, amma hakan yana nufin muna buƙatar magance hakan? Bayan haka, shan sigari da tabar heroin zasu kashe ka, mummunan jaraba na cannabis zai narke kwakwalwarka, jarabar giya zata ruguza rayuwar ka — idan aka kwatanta da hakan, yaya mummunan jarabar batsa take?

Amsar, dai itace, itace: mara kyau mara kyau.

Bari mu fara da abin da duk mun san game da jaraba: kuna buƙatar ƙarin magunguna don samun raguwa da ƙoshin sa. wannan shine sake zagayowar da ke sanya jaraba mai lalacewa. Dalilin haka shine cewa jaraba kawai take sake zagayar da kwakwalwarmu. 

Lokacin da aka kunna cibiyar lada ta kwakwalwarmu, sai ta fitar da sinadarai masu sa mu ji da kyau. Da farko dopamine, kamar yadda muka gani, da kuma furotin da ake kira DeltaFosB. Ayyukanta shine ƙarfafa mahimman hanyoyin hanyoyi waɗanda dopamine ke tafiya, zurfafa haɗin haɓaka tsakanin buzz da muke samu da duk abin da muke yi ko fuskantarmu lokacin da muka same shi. DeltaFosB yana da mahimmanci don koyan sabbin ƙwarewar: idan kun ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙwallon golf har sai kun samu daidai, kuna jin fashewa da farin ciki — wannan shine dopamine -, yayin da rakiyar rakiyar DeltaFosB yana taimakawa kwakwalwarku tuna da yadda ake sake ta. Tsari ne mai wayo.

Amma DeltaFosB ita ma tana da alhakin sanya jaraba. Kwayoyi masu maye suna kunna ƙwayoyin jijiya iri ɗaya suna aiki yayin tashin hankali, wanda shine dalilin da yasa muke samun jin daɗi daga gare su. Amma mun kamu da jarabarsu yayin da DeltaFosB, da gaske, ya fasalta tsarin aikin kwakwalwarmu, wanda aka fara rubuta shi don ya nemi mu nemi jima'i (da abinci), don sanya shi neman sinadaran a maimakon haka. Wannan shine dalilin da jaraba ke da ƙarfi: yunƙurin shan kwayoyi na ainihi shine mafi ƙarfin juyin halittarsu, da aka sata. Kuma tunda batsa ta hanyar yanar gizo batsa ne na sha'awar jima'i da za a fara shi, dukkanmu mun ƙaddara, kuma yana ɗaukar raguwa da yawa don amfani don haifar da jaraba.

Kamar yadda za mu gani, wannan sikirin na kwakwalwarmu yana da tasiri mai tasiri don tasirin batsa yana tasiri a kanmu: kan rayuwarmu ta jima'i, da alaƙarmu, har ma a kan jama'a gaba ɗaya.

Batsa takan kashe igiyar don Jima'i ta gaske

Batsa magana ce ta jima'i, amma ba jima'i bane. A bayyane yake, masu shaye-shayen tabar heroin sun rasa sha'awar jima'i: wannan saboda kwakwalwar su ce ta sake komawa saboda tsarin ladubba na jima'i ya zama na biyu don neman tabar heroin maimakon jima'i. Hakanan, yayin da muke cinye batsa da yawa, wanda dole ne tunda yana da jaraba kuma muna buƙatar ƙarin don samun kullin, kwakwalwarmu ta sake sabuwa don haka abin da ke haifar da tsarin lada wanda yakamata a haɗa shi da jima'i shine ba a haɗa da jima'i — ga ɗan adam cikin nama, taɓawa, sumbata, sumbata-amma batsa.  

Wanne yasa muke shaida al'amari wanda, gwargwadon yadda kowa zai iya faɗi, ba a taɓa ganin irin sa ba a cikin duk tarihin ɗan adam: annoba ta lalacewar maraƙƙwasa cuta (ED) a tsakanin maza 40an shekaru 1940. Shaidar tana lalata ƙasa: tunda Kinsey rahoto a cikin 1s, karatu sun gano kusan daidai, daidaitattun matakan rashin lafiya na ED: ƙasa da kashi 30 cikin ɗari tsakanin maza matasa masu shekaru 3, ƙasa da kashi 30 cikin maza masu shekaru 45-XNUMX. 

Game da wannan rubuce-rubuce, aƙalla nazarin goma da aka buga tun daga 2010 sun bayar da rahoton hauhawar girma a cikin ED. Adadin ED tsakanin maza masu shekaru 40 ya tashi daga kashi 14 zuwa kashi 37, sannan kuma raunin libido daga kashi 16 zuwa 37 cikin ɗari. Babu wani canji mai dangantaka da matashi ED wanda ya canza ma'ana tun daga wannan lokacin, banda guda ɗaya: ƙaddamar da batsa game da batsa na bidiyo a 2006. Yana da mahimmanci a maimaita: mun tafi daga ƙasa da kashi 1 na lalata lalata a cikin samari zuwa 14 zuwa kashi 37, karuwa da dama umarni na girma. 

Shafukan yanar gizo suna cike da rahotanni masu wahala daga samari game da ED. Labari mai ban tsoro shine sananne a koyaushe: saurayi yana da jima'i na farko; budurwarsa a shirye yake, yana ƙaunarta ta ko kuma aƙalla tana jan hankalinsa, amma ya sami kansa kawai ya kasa riƙe tashin hankali (ko da yake yana da cikakkiyar damar kula da ɗaya lokacin da yake kallon batsa). Yawancin ƙarin ƙarin rahoto na irin wannan matsala: yayin jima'i tare da budurwarsu, dole ne suyi kallon finafinan batsa a kawunansu don ci gaba da motsa su. Ba ruwansu da wani abu game da abin da suke so ba: suna so su kasance tare, suna son ƙanshin mace ta gaske da ta taɓa su. Sun fahimci sarai yadda ba daidai ba ne a jawo hankalin wanda yake musanyawa da abin da yake ainihin abin, kuma yana damun su. Wajibi ne wasu su sanya hotunan batsa a bango don su iya yin jima'i da budurcin budurwansu (kuma, abin mamaki, budurwar ta yarda da hakan). 

Fred Wilson, dan jari hujja na intanet kuma jagora mai tunani, yayin da yake tsokaci game da saukakan 'yan asalin dijital tare da sabuwar fasahar, da zarar ya yanke hukunci cewa akwai mutane iri biyu: wadanda suka fara shiga yanar gizo bayan sun rasa budurcinta, da kuma wadanda samu shi a da. Iyalinmu sun sami intanet a ƙarshen zamani '90s lokacin da nake dan shekaru goma sha shida, don haka ina cikin rukunin ƙarshe, kuma ina jin kamar Grandpa Simpson lokacin da na karanta waɗancan shaidar kuma na gwada su da abubuwan dana fara tarawa (waɗanda, tabbas, na tabbatar maku, ba a taɓa tsammani ba). Bayan haka, dawowata a cikin kwanakinina, motoci sun sami sanduna 40 zuwa hogshead, kuma batsa ta hanyar intanet tana ma'anar ƙarancin rubutu na kundayen adireshin rubutu da injunan bincike tare da hanyoyin da suka mutu, hotunan jinkirin-da-kaya, gajeren shirye-shiryen bidiyo da aka saukar da su, takaitaccen ladabi da yake kiyaye “kyawawan kaya ”- ba rukunin Tube tare da iyaka ba, nan da nan, yawo, bidiyo mai zurfi, 24/7, a aljihunka, kyauta, ta hanyar algorithms masu ƙarfi waɗanda masana kimiyya suka tsara don haɓaka aikin mai amfani. 

Ka yi tunanin cewa mun gano cewa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da ED don tsalle daga kashi 1 zuwa kashi 14 zuwa 37 - za a sami fargaba ta ƙasa, hanyoyin labarai na USB za su tafi bango, Majalisa za ta gudanar da sauraron karar kowace rana, jihohi da tarayya. Masu gabatar da kara za su kasance a farauta don masu cin zarafin don yin binciken Mueller da Starr kamar binciken binciken gamsuwa na abokin ciniki na Amazon. Gaba ɗaya, zamu ɗauki ɗaukacin rawar jiki mai ban tsoro cewa duk abin da zai iya haifar da wani abu kamar wannan zai iya kasancewa yana da tasiri, tasiri mai zurfi akan lafiyar ɗan adam da rayuwar zamantakewa. 

Shekaran da ya gabata, wata kasida in The Atlantic ya shiga hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri bayan ya yanke shawarar "koma bayan jima'i" a tsakanin matasa. Matasa suna da karancin jima'i. Mawallafin, Kate Julian, ta lura cewa abin mamakin bai banbanta ba ga Amurka kawai amma ya zama ruwan dare a Yammacin Yamma - Ministan lafiyar Sweden ya kira raguwar jima'i (har ma Sweden tana da karancin jima'i!) "Matsala ce ta siyasa," a bangare saboda tana iya yin illa ga tattalin arziƙin ƙasar. 

Julian ya kuma lura cewa, Japan ta zama kan gaba, yayin shigar da tattalin arziki ta hanyar jima'i-da kuma cewa "tana cikin manyan masu samarwa na duniya da masu amfani da batsa, da kuma wanda ya fara samar da sabon nau'in batsa" da kuma "jagora na duniya a cikin tsara llsan tsana. sex. her her To her To To her To her To To To 

Yanzu, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar ni na iya tunanin cewa samarin da ke da karancin jima'i na iya zama wannan mummunan abin ba ne! Kuma gaskiyane cewa a wannan lokacin, cututtukan cututtukan yara masu juna biyu kamar masu juna biyu da masu fama da cutar sikila sun ragu. Ban da komai abin da ke haddasawa, ina tsammanin za mu iya kawar da farkawar addini ko kwatsam da martabar gargajiya. Duk abin da za mu iya gaskatawa maza kamata do game da sha'awar jima'i, idan samari maza masu lafiya ba masu sha'awar jima'i a duk a cikin adadi, lambobin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tabbas wannan alama ce ta wani abin da ba daidai ba tare da lafiyarsu.

Warping Brain

Wataƙila matasa ba sa yin jima'i saboda maza ba za su iya tashi ba. Ko wataƙila saboda mata ba sa son yin jima'i da waɗancan mazajen da za su iya yin jima'i, amma waɗanda batsa ta lalata.

Saboda batsa tana yaɗa kwakwalwa. Hanyar asali game da jarabar batsa, zaku iya tunawa, shine idan muka kalli batsa, muna samun babban maganin dopamine, kuma idan muka yi hakan, zamu sami kashi na DeltaFosB wanda ke sake kwakwalwar kwakwalwarmu don danganta sha'awar jima'i da batsa - bawai kawai ga kowane batsa ba. Ga batsa muke kallo. 

Ka tuna da Tasirin Coolidge: abu da ke haifar da ambaliyar dopamine kuma yana sanya batsa ta yanar gizo "camfi" wanda ke lalata kwakwalwarmu, sabanin Uncle Ted's Playboy tarin, sabon abu ne. 

Kamar kowane jaraba, batsa na kan layi yana rage dawowa. Muna buƙatar ƙari. Muna bukata sabon. Kuma hanya mafi sauki don samun ta - musamman a shafukan Tube, wanda, kamar YouTube da Netflix, “a taimaka” suna bayar da shawarwari a duk faifan bidiyon da kuke kallo, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar algorithms wanda aka shirya don ci gaba da kallon masu kallo da dawowa - sabon salo ne. Kawai dannawa kawai. Kuma akwai da yawa da yawa. 

A cikin 2014, masu bincike a Cibiyar Max Planck sun yi amfani da fMRI don duba kwakwalwar masu amfani da batsa. Sun sami cewa mafi yawan amfani da batsa ana hulɗa tare da ƙaramin abu mai launin toka a cikin tsarin sakamako, da lessan ladan kunnawa yayin kunna kallon hotuna na jima'i-ta wata ma'anar, masu amfani da batsa ba su da wata damuwa. "Saboda haka muna ɗaukar cewa batutuwa masu amfani da batsa masu zurfi suna buƙatar ƙarfafa ƙarfi har abada don kaiwa matakin sakamako iri ɗaya," marubutan suka rubuta.

wani binciken, wannan lokacin daga Jami'ar Cambridge a cikin 2015, kuma ya yi amfani da fMRI, wannan lokacin don kwatanta kwakwalwar masu haɗarin jima'i da marasa lafiya masu lafiya. Kamar yadda rakiyar latsa release a saka shi, masu binciken sun gano cewa “lokacin da masu yin jima'i suka kalli irin hotunan jima'i sau da yawa, idan aka kwatanta su da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun sami raguwar aiki a yankin kwakwalwa da aka sani da ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar gabbai, wanda aka san yana da hannu a ciki. jiran tsammani da amsa ga sabbin al'amuran. Wannan ya yi daidai da 'dabi'a', inda mai shan tabin nan ya sami ƙara kuzarin ɗaya kuma ba shi da lada. " 

Amma ba kawai masu jarabar jima'i bane suke nuna wannan halin. Lokacin da aka nuna wa marasa lafiya lafiya akai-akai bidiyon batsa iri ɗaya, sun sami ƙaruwa da ƙima; amma, “lokacin da suka kalli sabon bidiyo, matakin sha'awa da almubazzaranci ya koma matakin asali.” A takaice dai, bashi da yawa don kayan jaraba su fara aiki, tunda tuni an riga an tsara su ta hanyar gado don neman motsawar jima'i.

Batun anan shine cutar bawai kawai ta sa muyi sha'awar hakan ba, yana sa muyi marmarin sabon abu. Kuma wane irin sabon abu ne, musamman? A hankali, ba kawai bane wani irin labari. A aikace, abinda yafi haifar da Coolidge Tasirin shine abinda ke haifar da mamaki, ko firgici. A takaice dai, kamar ruwa mai gudana ƙasa, muna jawo hankalinmu game da batsa da ke ƙara haɓaka-musamman, mafi tashin hankali da lalata. 

Batsa mai hargitsa Batsa

Kwanan nan, mawaƙin Ryan Care ya zama abin mamaki ta hanyar yanar gizo bayan ya nuna cewa ya kirkiri tashar akan PornHub, shafin "YouTube don batsa" mafi girma a duniya, inda ya sanya, kamar yadda Buzzfeed ya bayyana shi da kyau, "Bidiyo mai kyau da ban sha'awa." Bidiyon da G-rated bidiyo ya nuna finafinan batsa ta yanar gizo, yana nuna shi a cikin mafi kyawun Ned Flanders, tare da taken kamar "Na Hu kai da ka ce Ina da Dare sosai Daren Yau da dare" da "POV FOREHEAD KISS COMPILATION ”(“ POV ”) yana tsaye ne don" ra'ayi, "ko bidiyon da aka yi fim ta hanyar halayyar mutum ta farko; tara bayanan nau'in batsa ne na batsa ta hanyar yanar gizo, wata hanyar data nuna halin ko-in-kula: koda sabon bidiyon bashi da isasshen sabon abu, muna buƙatar montages masu saurin yanka). 

Babu wani daga cikin tafsirin da ya nuna bayyananniyar ma'anar: rashin jin daɗinsa ya kama hasashen mutane daidai saboda kusan dukkanin PornHub-abin da haɓakaccen saƙo ɗin da ya san masu kallo suke so — bawai batsa kawai bane a cikin wasu maganganun marasa ma'ana, amma m, m, da lalata. 

Daya daga cikin bidiyo na mai suna "Cin Hanci", Ni, Dan'uwan Matarku, Ku Rage Damunku amma Ba a Gare ni ba "; shekaran da ya gabata, Esquire ruwaito) cewa "lalatar shine mafi saurin girma a cikin batsa." (Shafukan yanar gizon sun hana bidiyon da suka danganci zina, amma har yanzu yana cike da bidiyon da ke nuna 'yar uwa da' yan uwa "da" 'yan uwan ​​juna "da"' yan uwan ​​'yan uwan ​​juna "wanda kowa ya fahimci ma'anarsa "Uba," "uwaye," da "'yan'uwa.") 

Wani shahararren nau'in shahararre ya kasance abin da ake kira "batsa ta tsaka-tsaki", wanda kusan a koyaushe yana nufin takamaiman nau'in babban taron kabilanci: baƙar fata maza da mata mata. Salon nau'in yanayin ya dogara ne akan mafi munin halayen launin fata da hotuna. Kuma batsa ta tsaka-tsaki ba wai kawai ta sami karɓuwa sosai ba, har ma ta ƙara lalata da mata, amma mafi yawan wariyar launin fata. Kamar yadda marubutan ra'ayin mazan jiya wadanda ke adawa da Trump a shekarar 2016 suka gano daga ambatonsu ta Twitter, wani sabon salo mai suna “cuckolding,” wanda ya shafi wani farin mutum yana kallon matarsa ​​ko budurwarsa ta yi jima'i da wani baƙar fata (ko da yawa). Lokacin da manyan hanyoyin watsa labarai suke lura da sabon abu, ana ɗauka a matsayin shaidar nuna wariyar launin fata Amurkawa. Babu shakka halayen wariyar launin fata dole ne su taka rawa, amma yi la’akari da yanayin; idan ɓoyayyar wariyar launin fata shine babban dalilin, me yasa yakamata a yi lalata da batsa a hankali a sanannen shahara yayin da yawancin binciken suka ce halayyar launin fata suna riƙe da daidaituwa ko sannu a hankali inganta? Idan ka tuna da sanannan sanannan na lalata na batsa, lafazin da cewa yana daɗaɗɗar lalacewa saboda jaraba wanda ke haifar da haɓaka ya zama mafi yawan magana. 

Yana da kyau a dakatar da lura da katsewar da aka samu tsakanin abin da muke magana akai da duk abinda muka sani na faruwa. A farkon wannan shekarar, kasar ta shiga cikin rudani yayin da aka gano cewa gwamnan Virginia ya taba sanya baƙar fata a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan ado kamar ɗalibin likita; a halin yanzu, akwai sanannu da yawa kuma cikin sauri mai ban sha'awa na nishaɗin da ke sa ƙaramin mintuna ya zama kamar taron karawa juna sani na launin fata, kuma kusan babu wanda yayi magana game da shi. 

Shock shine abin da yafi dacewa da Tasirin Coolidge, kuma tabarbarewa shine m, ta ma'anar; martani ne na Pavlovian don firgita da mamaki daga tsarin ladanmu kamar bera. Idan da muna da tabo na al'umma sosai game da teburin hura kunya, batsa a kan fim-humping ba zato ba tsammani za ta zama abin fadada cikin shahara. Madadin haka, muna da zurfin nuna wariya game da dangi, wariyar launin fata. . . da cin zarafin mata.

Kink dot com shine ɗayan manyan samfuran batsa. Tywararren ɗalibin yana da zurfin matattakala masu dangantaka da BDSM. Yanayin sa yana fada. An kafa wannan rukunin tun daga lokacin duhu a cikin yanar gizo, a cikin 1997. Sado-masochism kamar fitsarin jima'i ya tsufa kamar mutum, hakika mawaƙin karni na 2 na ƙarni na Juvenal yana yin ba'a da shi a cikin Marasa lafiya, misali. Amma, gwargwadon yadda zamu iya fada, kamar yawancin samin kayan marmari kawai ya taɓa neman ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin tarihi a cikin tarihin ɗan adam. Kuma, haƙiƙa, Kink ya ɓoye mafi kyawun ɓangaren farkon shekarunsa na rayuwa a cikin kaskanci ba tare da kallo ba, ƙaramin sanannun kasuwancin da ke ba da gudummawarsa. 

Sannan, wani lokaci a tsakiyar-karshen-2000s, shafin ya fashe a cikin shahara, har ya zuwa kusan kusanci da al'adun gargajiya kamar yadda batsa zai iya kasancewa. Zaka iya gano ci gabanta kwatsam cikin shahara-da kuma roko na al'ada. A cikin 2007, da New York Times Magazine ta tallata kamfanin. A shekara ta 2009, ta karɓi kyautar masana'antar farko ta masana'antar ta farko. A cikin 2013, ɗan Hollywood Hollywood James Franco ya samar da takarda game da kamfanin.

A waccan shekarar, marubuci Emily Witt ya rubuta mai tsayi, mai zurfi labarin farko-mutum don mujallar ci gaban ilimi n + 1 a kan jima'i na zamani. Ga rahotonta, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, ta halarci harbi don "wulakancin jama'a," daya daga cikin tashoshin Kink wacce ke fasali, kamar yadda taken ta ke bayyana, "mata sun daure, sun suturta ta, kuma an hukunta su a bainar jama'a." Fim din yana faruwa a wuraren jama'a kamar sanduna ko shagunan da kamfanin ke siyarwa don bikin, kuma ana gayyatar baƙi a bakin titi don yin wasan jima'i a kan “ɗaurin, tilas”. 

Kink ya faɗaɗa kuma ya faɗaɗa don dacewa da nasarar ta kwatsam, yana tafiya daga ɗimbin tashoshi zuwa, kamar yadda wannan rubutun, 78, da kuma samar da tarin kundin kwafi (da yawa har ma da tsananin gaske, a zahiri). Yayinda kayan aikin kamfanin yayi alfahari da mace, misali, taimako, karfafawa kallon jima'i, kusan dukkanin abubuwanda ya kunsa sun kunshi maza masu lalata da mata maimakon hanyar ta daban.

Tashin Kink daga niche zuwa marquee kawai yana faruwa ne daidai da isowar wuraren Tube a cikin 2006, waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai wajen haifar da Tasirin Coolidge da kuma juya masu jarabar batsa cikin injunan neman sabon abu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, yayin da jan hankali ga abin da zaku iya kira “haske kink” —nasuwar hannu mai ruwan hoda, rigar-mayafin ido, irin wannan abu- yana ta yawo cikin al'adunmu sanannu shekaru da yawa, sabili da haka wasu nau'ikan wannan ya kasance ɓangaren batsa na shekaru, Kink shine ainihin labarin. Bawai kawai aiki bane. Mata ana iya bugun su kuma ana dukan an harhaɗa su har an yi fari kuma suna jan ciki. Ba wai kawai ma'anar jima'i ba matsananci ne (kuna ba shi suna, yana can), amma al'amuran hotuna sun birgesu a kusa da tunanin mutum da alama, ba kawai jiki ba, lalata da mace. Fifty Shades na Gray shine zuwa Kink kamar yadda fim ɗin Hitchcock yake ga fim ɗin ɓarke. 

Lokacin da fina-finai suke da jerin gwanon labarai, galibi ana iya taƙaita shi da kalma ɗaya: fyaɗe. Ko kalmomi biyu: mummunan fyade. Abu daya ne da za a tayar da shi ta hanyar yanayin sadikasochistic inda sub (kamar yadda ma'anar art yake tafiya) ana nuna shi yana jin daɗin jiyya; ba wani abu bane wanda za'a tsokani ta hanyar kallon mace tayi kururuwa cikin matsananciyar damuwa da damuwa yayin da aka kauda kanta aka yi mata fyade. 

Seriesaya daga cikin jerin bidiyon Kink an kafa su ne bisa mahangar da take gaba: batsa ita kaɗai ce a cikin ɗaki tare da maza da yawa; daraktan yayi mata bayani (kuma muna lura) cewa if za ta iya barin dakin, ta samu kuxi; ga kowane kayan sutura da har yanzu take da su a ƙarshen abin da ya faru, tana samun kuɗi; ga kowane aikin jima'i da ɗayan ya samu yana yin ta, yana samun kuɗaɗe sai ta rasa kuɗi. Dole ne mutum ya ba su irin nau'in hankali: zai bar su su aiwatar da azabtarwa ta ainihi da azaba ta doka. Matar gaske tsayayya; maza gaske tilasta wa kansu mummunan rauni a kan ta. Tabbas, ta “yarda” ga abu duka, wanda, ta wata hanya, ya sanya ta zama doka. 

Kink wani misali ne mai bayyanawa saboda musamman mayar da hankali ga lalata, kuma kwatsam, ba a iya fahimtarsa, tsaka tsalle daga tsararren shafin yanar gizon zuwa ɗayan shahararrun kafofin watsa labaru na kowace irin duniya, kai tsaye bayan rukunin Tube. Amma babban abin mamakin shine wannan dukan batsa, da yawa ciki har da "kayan Vanilla," ya kara tsananta, kuma musamman tashin hankali, kuma musamman lalata da lalata da mata. Ah, hotunan batsa marasa amfani har yanzu suna, idan zaku iya samunsa. Abinda ya kasance na yau da kullun yanzu yana da wadatarwa, kuma akasin haka. 

Ina so in cire wannan a hankali domin kada a fahimci abin da nake fada. Don kowane irin dalilai, zato na maza game da rashin yarda mace, a kusa da iko, tilastawa, da mamaya, sun tsufa kamar yadda rayuwa kanta (kamar yadda a yanzu haka suke) ruduwar mace game da waɗannan jigogi). Yawan nau'ikan batsa, da kuma sha'awar jima'i, da ke faruwa a wurare masu launin toka, har ma wuraren duhu, na yardar mace ga jima'i, koyaushe sun kasance a koyaushe kuma sun shahara koyaushe. Don haka jaraba ce ta kalli wani abu kamar Kink, da kuma haɓakar batsa ta lalata, a zaman kawai wani bayyanuwar asalin haihuwa na wannan zamani, ba wani sabon abu bane. Amma wannan ba gaskiya bane. 

A tarihi, irin zato na jima'i da ya tilasta wa wasu tilastawa, ya zuga maza da yawa, amma waɗannan mutanen sun ƙi da fyaɗe da mummunan lalata. Batun ba shine 'kare' tsohon ko kuma musun cewa suna wakiltar wani abu duhu da abin zargi a cikin ran ɗan Adam - ba shakka suna aikatawa. Abin nufi shine kawai a faɗi hakan wani abu ya canza, tsanani, cikawa, kuma da alama na dare. 

An gaya mana cewa al'amuran jima'i na mutane suna da wahalar gani daga haihuwa ko watakila daga abubuwan ƙuruciya ne na farko, amma kimiyya ta ce za su iya kuma su canza. A sanannen gwaji, masu bincike sun tofa berayen - e, kuma beraye — tare da ƙamshin jikin mamacin bera, waɗanda beraye ke ƙaura da sauri, suka gabatar da berayen maza. Nama ya yi daidai da na mace duk da haka - ya zuwa yanzu, har da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma, mafi mahimmanci, lokacin da aka sanya waɗannan berayen guda ɗaya daga cikin keji tare da kayan wasannnin daban-daban, sun fi son yin wasa tare da waɗanda suka yi murmushi kamar mutuwa. Jima'i na jima'i ya sake tsarin tsarin aikin su. A binciken kimiyya na masu amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo a Beljim, kashi 49 cikin dari "an ambata a kalla wani lokacin neman abun cikin jima'i ko kuma kasancewa cikin" ayyukan jima'i ta yanar gizo "waɗanda ba su ba da fifikon su ba ko kuma sun dauki abin ƙyama.”

Da zarar an kamu da sha'awar batsa ta hanyar layi, abu da ke samar da babbar dopamine jolt shine duk abin da yake mafi muni. Kuma sake zagayowar sakamako yana nufin kuna buƙatar haɓakar dopamine kowane lokaci-sabon abu, mafi ban tsoro. Kuma kowane lokaci, DeltaFosB ta sake farfado da kwakwalwarku, ƙirƙirar da ƙarfafa hanyar Pavlovian ta hanyar abin da kuka sami jan hankali ga waɗancan hotunan masu ban tsoro, kuma yayin aiwatar da manyan hanyoyin hanyoyi waɗanda ke danganta jima'i na al'ada - kun sani, rashin tausayi, rashin sa-in-da cibiyar sakamako. 

Abu mai mahimmanci, wannan yana warware babban labarin game da tasirin batsa akan rayuwarmu. Wannan yana cewa kawai matsalar lalata batsa shine masu kallo suna tunanin "al'ada ce," sabili da haka, muddin suna da ilimi cewa ba haka ba, zasu iya jin daɗin kyan gani ba tare da cutar da kansu ko abokan tarayya ba. Zai fi kyau idan haka ne, amma shaidar ta nuna cewa wannan ba daidai ba ne. Aljama'ai basa shan kansu zuwa wani mummunan al'amari domin ba a sanar dasu isassun bayanai game da hatsarorin shan giya-hakika, sun san komai sosai, kuma abin kunyar da ke haifar da wannan shine sanadiyyar asarar rayuka. 

Batsa tana aiki daidai da matakin asali, matakin farkonmu, kamar siyarwarmu, cibiyar lada, ɓangaren kwakwalwarmu da miliyoyin shekaru juyin halittar kwakwalwarmu suka zama tushen zurfin buƙatunmu. Batsa ba zai canza abin da muke tunani ba, akalla ba kai tsaye ba, yana canza abin da muke nema.

Canza Abinda Muke Ciki

A cikin 2007, masu bincike biyu sunyi ƙoƙarin yin gwaji, da farko ba su da alaƙa da batsa, suna nazarin tashin hankalin jima'i a cikin maza gaba ɗaya. Sunyi kokarin tayar da batutuwan a cikin dakin gwaji ta hanyar nuna musu batsa ta bidiyo, amma sun shiga matsala (a gare su) matsala mai ban tsoro: rabin mutanen da suka shekara 29 akan matsakaita, basu iya tayarda hankali. Researchersarshen masu binciken da suka firgita sun gano matsalar: suna nuna musu batsa-ta tsufa-masu binciken da alama galibi sun fi tsufa kuma ba su da yanar gizo.

"Tattaunawa tare da batutuwa sun karfafa ra'ayinmu cewa a wasu daga cikinsu bayyanar cutar sihiri na alama da hakan ya haifar da ƙara mayar da martani ga erotica 'vanilla jima'i' da karuwar buƙatar sabon abu da bambancin ra'ayi, a wasu lokuta hade da buƙatar sosai takamaiman nau'ikan abubuwan da ke iya motsa jiki domin samun karfin gwiwa, ” suka rubuta. 

Abin takaici, batsa na iya rinjayar yanayin rayuwarmu ta jima'i. Nazarin 2016 gano cewa “mutane da yawa sun kalli abin da ke bayyane na jima'i (SEM) wanda bai dace da ainihin ma'anar jima'i ba. Ba abu ne mai yiyuwa ba ga maza da aka gano da maza suna bayar da rahoton kallon SEM dauke da halayen maza guda (kashi 20.7 cikin dari) da kuma ga mazajen da aka yiwa luwadi da maza su ba da rahoton kallon halayen maza a SEM (55.0 bisa dari). "Shekarar 2018 a Dubawa," PornHub ya ba da sanarwar cewa "sha'awa cikin 'trans' (aka transgender) batsa ya sami babban ci gaba a cikin 2018, musamman tare da karuwa da kashi 167 a cikin binciken da maza suka yi kuma sama da kashi 200 tare da baƙi sama da shekaru 45 (sun zama sharuɗɗa na biyar da aka fi nema. daga wadanda ke shekara 45 zuwa 64). ” 

Lokacin da aka tattauna wannan sabon abu, labarin da ke tafe shine cewa waɗannan maza suna wahalhalu kuma sun gano ainihin "ainihin" jima'i ta hanyar batsa-ban da cewa maza sun ba da rahoton cewa sha'awar ta tafi yayin da suka daina batsa ta yanar gizo. 

Wannan abin mamaki ne. Batun ba kokarin gwada tashin hankali game da intanet ba juya maza gay-In magana ita ce ba juya su gay. 

Amma wataƙila yana juyawa aƙalla wasu maza zuwa wani abu. Andrea Long Chu sunan wani marubuci ɗan Amurka ne, wanda ya fara rubutu, wanda ya yi rubutu mai fa'ida game da canjin jinsi da ƙwarewar ta. Misali, Chu ya sami kushe daga masu fafutuka ta hanyar rubuta a a New York Times Essay game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin canjin jinsi da baƙin ciki mara nauyi, da musun cewa aikin motsinta zai sa ta yi farin ciki. A takarda A wani taron ilimi a Columbia, Chu ya yi tambaya: "Shin batsa ta yi lalata da ni?" Sissy batsa wata dabi'a ce - kuma, da zarar ya zama mai ban tsoro kuma ba a sani ba, ba zato ba tsammani, ya fara girma zuwa babbar hanyar - inda maza masu ado kamar mata suke yin jima'i da maza a cikin stereotypically biyayya, matsayin mata. Sissy batsa tana da kusanci da yanayin da aka sani da suna "tilastawa mace," wanda yake shi kawai yake daidai. A wani littafin kwanan nan, Chu da gaske ya amsa tambayar kanta: "Ee." 

A bayyane yake - ba a sani ba, watakila — har zuwa lokacin da kwarewar Chu ta dace da karuwar miƙawar jima'i, amma koda misalinta kawai zina ne, to ya kamata ta tabbatar da batun: batsa ta sake lalata kwakwalwarmu a matakin asali kuma ta canza menene muna so. Wannan kuma zai iya firgita mu ba tare da yin la’akari da abin da muka yi imani da shi game da batun ta’addanci ba.

Bari mu ɗan dakatar da yin bita: mun tabbatar da cewa batsa ta yau tana daɗaɗɗar ƙwayar cuta kamar ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwayoyi, kuma wannan jaraba tana da tasiri mai ban tsoro da yawaitar jima'i, daga ƙimar da ba'a taɓa gani ba ta ƙarar da lalatacciyar matsala zuwa karuwar shahararrun matsananci fetishes ga (yiwuwar) "koma bayan tattalin arziki." Tabbas wannan mummunan. 

Amma, don wasa wakilin shaidan, shin da gaske ne cewa mara kyau? 

Alcoholism ko jarabar tabar heroin, ka ce, ba kawai za a lalata lalata mutum ba — wanda za su — amma rayuwar su da na mutanen da ke kewaye da su. Kai tsaye kuma a kaikaice, suna da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa a kowace shekara. Yana kama da cewa ya kamata mu damu da batsa, tabbas, amma ya kamata mu buga maɓallin tsoro? 

Da kyau, amsar farko ita ce jarabar batsa tana shafar rayuwarmu fiye da jima'i kawai - wanda ke sa ma'anar hankali tunda, bayan haka, yin jima'i ya taɓa dukkan bangarorin rayuwarmu.

Na farko, batsa yana shafar ra'ayoyin masu maye. Tunanin da batsa “labari ne kawai” —na kallon kallon batsa ba zai sa mutum ya sami damar yin jima'i ko sha'awar jima'i ba fiye da kallon fim din Jason Bourne na nufin cewa wataƙila za ku fara wasa da harba mutane-na iya ko wataƙila ba gaskiya bane a cikin Playboy era, amma ba shakka ba gaskiya bane yanzu. 

A 2015 wallafe-wallafe Ya bincika nazarin 22 daga kasashe bakwai daban-daban kuma ya samo hanyar haɗi tsakanin cin zarafin batsa ta yanar gizo da kuma lalata jima'i.

An karatun boko na kasa da karatun 135-nazarce-nazarce da aka samu "tabbatacciyar shaida" wacce ke danganta jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo ga, a tsakanin wasu, "babbar goyan baya ga yarda da akidar 'yan luwadi," "yarda da akidar' yan luwadi," "babbar yarda da cin zarafin mata." kazalika da "rage ra'ayi game da cancanta mata, kyawawan dabi'u, da bil'adama." 

Don maimaita: rage ra’ayin mata. . . halin kirki, da bil'adama. Me muka yi?

Ganin duk wannan, daga matsanancin ED zuwa karuwar fitsari na jima'i har ma da misogyny, ya kamata ya zo kamar ba mamaki cewa jarabar batsa yana da mummunar tasiri a cikin dangantaka. 

A 2017 meta-bincike na 50 karatu, tare da masu halarta fiye da 50,000 daga ƙasashe 10, sun sami hanyar haɗi tsakanin amfani da batsa da kuma "sakamakon gamsuwa mai ma'amala da juna," ko cikin binciken ɓangarorin, binciken sa kai, ko gwaje gwaje. 

wani nazarin bayanan wakilan kasa ya gano cewa yin amfani da batsa wani hasashe ne mai ƙarfi na “ingantaccen matakan ingancin aure” - tsinkayen ƙarfi na biyu na duka masu canji a cikin binciken. Wannan tasiri ya nuna bayan marubutan da aka sarrafa don rikicewar masu canji kamar rashin gamsuwa da rayuwar jima'i da yanke shawara game da aure: wannan yana nuna cewa amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da rashin jin daɗin aure. ba saboda matan da suka zama marasa farin ciki sun koma batsa, amma maimakon hakan batsa shine sanadin rashin farin ciki. 

Duk da haka wani binciken, yin amfani da bayanan wakilai daga Babban Nazarin Zamani, binciken dubban ma'auratan Amurka a kowace shekara daga 2006 zuwa 2014, sun gano cewa "fara amfani da batsa tsakanin raƙuman ruwayar kusan kusan ninki biyu na yiwuwar a sake shi ta hanyar binciken na gaba." Mafi yawan ban tsoro, binciken ya sami rukunin wanda yiwuwar kashe aure ya yawaita shi ne ma'aurata waɗanda da farko sun ba da rahoton cewa suna "farin ciki" a aurensu kuma suka fara amfani da batsa bayan haka. 

Sakamakon sakewa game da jarabar batsa a kan budurwa da mata yana da gaske. Shahararren al'adu yana tabbatar da cewa mace mai 'yanci, mai cikakken hankali dole ne ta kasance cikin annashuwa game da amfanin abokin aikinta na batsa. A kan “Abokai,” wannan Dutsen na Rosetta na al'adun Amurkawa, tsananin zafin hali na Chandler a lokacin da ya yi hulɗa da Monica ya kasance mafi maimaituwa, kuma duk lokacin da marubutan wasan suka nuna nuna amincewarsu da Monica. A zahiri, duk da ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, binciken ya ce cewa adadi mai yawa na mata ba sa yarda da mazajensu ta amfani da batsa yayin da suke sadaukarwa. Gano cewa abokin tarayya yayi amfani da batsa sau da yawa ana fuskantar, idan ba a matsayin nau'i na cin amana ba, to, aƙalla a matsayin wani nau'in kin amincewa - da alama ya zama mafi muni ta hanyar cewa ta “san” ta “ba zai iya” abu ba, har ma da gaskiyar cewa (ba kamar a zamanin "Abokai") ta kuma san cewa batsa kusan tabbas yana nufin tashin hankali, lalata, kayan lalata (ko mafi muni). 

Mafi kyawun tasiri mummunan tasiri shine akan hoton jiki da ƙimar kai. Mafi yawan mata a binciken daya ya bayyana binciken da mutumin nasu yayi amfani da batsa a matsayin "rauni"; ba wai kawai sun ji ƙarancin ƙauna bane, sun ba da rahoton jin ƙimar kansu. Wasu mata na iya kwarewa alamun damuwa, bacin rai, har ma da cuta bayan damuwa.

Binciken 2016 daga maza masu shekaru 18 zuwa 29 sun samu

da mafi yawan batsa da mutum yake kallo, da alama ya kasance yana amfani da ita yayin jima'i, nemi takamaiman ayyukan batsa na abokin aikinsa, da gangan lalata hotunan batsa yayin jima'i don ci gaba da motsa sha'awa, da kuma damuwarsa game da aikin jima'i da hoton jikinsa. Furtherari, amfani da batsa mafi girma an danganta shi da jin daɗin halayen jima'i da abokin tarayya.

Ba za mu iya tabbatar da hanyar alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin jarabar batsa da "koma bayan tattalin arziki ba," amma ci gaba: ko da ajiye sama da skyrocketing ED, da abin da jarabar batsa take yiwa jima'i namiji, daga hangen mace, yin jima'i da namiji mai lalata batsa kamar gwaji ba kwa son sake maimaitawa - kuma a wannan lokacin, cin amana ce ta fi yawa samari maza yan jaraba ne.

Ganin duk wannan, yayin da ba mu da isasshen bincike tukuna don yin hukunci a kimiyance, Ina matukar shakkar haɗi tsakanin namiji (musamman matasa) amfani da batsa da kuma labarin da aka ba da labari karuwa kwatsam cikin bacin rai da sauran cututtukan kwakwalwa tsakanin mata matasa. Rubuta a matsayina na tsohon saurayi, zan gabatar da cewa koda a cikin mafi kyawun lokuta yawancin samari matasa ba su ne mafi kyawun mutane ba, musamman ga teenagean matan matasa; Ba zan iya tunanin tunanin abin da zai zama yarinyar budurwa ba lokacin da kusan kashi 100 (kamar yadda muke tsammani a amince) game da yuwuwar dangantakar dake lalata batsa.

Ba wai wannan batsa kawai ta shafi dangantakar jima'i da soyayya ba. Batsa tana haifar da rashin zaman lafiya. A bangare guda, wannan saboda gaskiya ne game da jaraba duka, wanda yawanci ke haifar da ƙarancin kunya da ke sa mu so mu guji ko ma tura wasu mutane. Kuma jaraba ta sa mu shiga cikin halin nuna wariyar launin fata: kodayake ban sami damar bincika ba, akwai shaidu da yawa kan layi na mutane na rasa aikinsu saboda sun kasa hana kansu ziyartar wuraren batsa a wurin aiki. 

Bisa lafazin binciken by Ana Bridges, jami'ar Arkansas mai ilimin halin dan adam wanda ke mayar da hankali kan tasirin batsa a cikin dangantaka, masu amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo suna ba da rahoton "karuwar rufin asiri, ƙarancin kusanci da kuma ƙarin baƙin ciki."

Labaran batsa na haifar da lahani ga kwakwalwa

Da zarar mun fahimci batsa na yau, yana da ma'anar hankali cewa zai cutar da dangantaka, ba da tasiri game da jima'i, ra'ayoyin mata, da kuma tasirin kowane irin jaraba a rayuwar zamantakewa da kyautatawa gabaɗaya. Amma yaya tasirin sa ga sauran rayuwar mutane? Hakanan, batsa shine sabon shan taba - kuma abinda shan sigari yake yiwa huhun ku, batsa yake yiwa kwakwalwarku. Ta yaya hakan zai kasance ba shafi duk abin da muke yi?

Yaya wannan aiki? Tuna, amfani da batsa na tilastawa shine ya haifar da sakin abu na DeltaFosB, wanda aikin shi shine sake dawo da kwakwalwar mu. Wannan shine yadda tsawon lokaci, jaraba ba kawai ya sanya mutum ya sami sha'awar wani abu ba, har ma ya sanya shi zama wani mutum daban. 

Wataƙila mafi kyawu mafi zurfi da mafi girman ganowa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata shine ra'ayin neuroplasticity. Masana kimiyya sun yi tunanin kwakwalwa a matsayin wani injin, kamar agogo mai cike da damuwa ko allon kwamiti, wanda tsarinsa yake da kafaɗa gabaɗaya, a lokacin haihuwa ko kuma wani lokacin ƙuruciya. 

Ya juya cewa kwakwalwarmu tana da cakuduwa da kwayoyin halitta. Yana canzawa koyaushe, yana sake kullun kansa, yana canza kullun. Abubuwa iri iri na kwakwalwar mu ana yin su ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma kwatanci shine cewa suna kama da tsokoki. Aristotle ya yi daidai - kai ne abin da kake yi akai-akai. Wancan shine labarin mai daɗi, amma akwai ƙasa ɗaya: neuroplasticity tsari ne na gasa. Idan kunyi aiki da wani bangare na kwakwalwarku, da gangan zai saci albarkatu daga wasu sassan kwakwalwar da ke kusa don “kumbura kansa” in an bar wadannan abubuwan.

Abu ne mai sauki ka ga yadda hakan ke aiki yayin da wani yake shan wahala daga jaraba. Duk lokacin da kuka haskaka, ko harbi, ko kallon batsa, wannan yana kama da “motsa jiki” don ɗayan “jijiyoyi” - waɗanda ke kumbura albarkatu daga sauran kwakwalwar. 

Musamman, sakin DeltaFosB wanda yazo tare da amfani da batsa yana raunana cortex ɗinmu na prefrontal. Cortex na gaba-gaba shine komai kwakwalwar bera ba; saboda mutane suna da babban cortex prefrontal wanda muke da wayewa. Wannan sashin tunani ne na kwakwalwa, wanda yake lissafta hadari, yana motsa sha'awa, ya bamu damar aiwatar da kanmu a nan gaba sabili da haka shirin, da kuma magance ababe masu hankali da tunani. Dangane da shahararrun dawakai na karusai na Plato, wanda ke bayyana dalili a matsayin mai kawan doki wanda aikin shi shine jagorantar dawakan biyu marasa kan gado, Samurai, halinmu, da Litattafan, tushenmu, ilham (pre ቅድመalal cortex) shine charioteer. 

Neuroimaging karatu da aka nuna cewa addicts ci gaba “hypofrontality,” da fasaha lokaci na mai illa prefrontal bawo. Mutanen da ke da hypofrontality suna nuna ƙaramin abu na launin toka, mara lafiyar abu, da ƙarancin damar sarrafa glucose (wanda shine ƙashin kwakwalwar) a cikin cortex na prefrontal. 

Hypofrontality ya bayyana a cikin raguwa game da abin da masu ilimin halayyar mutane ke kira aikin zartarwa. Kamar yadda sunan aikin zartarwa yana ba da shawara, wannan kyakkyawan fasalin zuciyarmu ne. Ayyukan zartarwa sun haɗa da ikon yanke shawara, ikon mu na sarrafa sha'awar, don kimanta haɗari, lada, da haɗari. Ee, kawai hakane. Masana kimiyya ba su fahimci cikakken yadda jaraba ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi ba, amma yana da ma'ana mai ma'ana cewa ya kamata a haɗa waɗannan. Addiction irin wannan bane domin duk da cewa roƙonmu na gaba yayi ƙaruwa, ƙarfinmu don sarrafa shaƙatawa yana raunana. Dawakan ba su tafi ba kamar yadda karusar mahayin ya raunana. 

Na sami kusan nazarin ilimin kwakwalwar 150 waɗanda suka samo shaidar hypofrontality a cikin masu shan intanet - wanda, ba shi da haɗari, yana kusan daidaitawa tare da masu lalata batsa na intanet, aƙalla ga maza-da fiye da dozin da suka samo alamun hypofrontality a cikin jima'i. jaraba ko masu amfani da batsa. 

Wannan gaskiyane: jarabar batsa a zahiri ita ce mafi mahimmancin sashin kwakwalwarmu.

Nazarin 2016 raba masu amfani da batsa na yanzu zuwa rukunoni biyu: rukuni daya wanda ya guji abincin da suka fi so na makonni uku, kuma rukuni ɗaya wanda ya guji batsa na makonni uku. A ƙarshen makonni uku, masu amfani da batsa ba su iya jinkirta jin daɗin abinci ba. Saboda wannan bincike ne tare da rukunin kulawa da aka sanya bazuwar, hujja ce tabbatacciya don hanyar haɗin kai (maimakon kawai daidaitawa) tsakanin amfani da batsa da ƙananan ikon sarrafa kai. 

Anan akwai wasu matsalolin fahimi waɗanda nazarin ilimin kimiyya ya danganta da amfani da batsa: rage aiki na ilimi, rage ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, rage ƙarfin yanke shawara, ƙima mafi girma da ƙananan ƙa'idodin motsin rai, haɗarin haɗari mafi girma, ƙananan altruism, mafi girma matakan neurosis. Waɗannan duk alamu ne masu alaƙa da rashin lafiyar jiki. 

Sauran nazarin sun sami alaƙa tsakanin batsa da matsananciyar damuwa, damuwa na zamantakewa, damuwa na haɗin kai da ƙauna, narcissism, rashin damuwa, damuwa, tashin hankali, da rashin girman kai. Waɗannan ba alamu bane na kai tsaye na rashin ƙarfi, amma abu ne mai sauƙi mu ga yadda wani mutum mai ƙarancin aiki zai kasance cikin haɗarin girma na kowane adadin masu cutar. Binciken gabaɗaya ya gano cewa mafi yawan amfani da batsa, mafi girman waɗannan matsalolin. 

Don haka neuroplasticity yana nufin jarabar batsa, ta hanyar ƙarfafa wasu hanyoyin ƙarancin kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana raunana wasu, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aikin zartarwa. 

Amma akwai wata alama mai tsoratarwa game da abin da neuroplasticity yake nufi don jarabar batsa: yayin da yanzu mun san cewa, a kowane zamani, kwakwalwar ta fi filastik fiye da yadda muke tsammani, har yanzu babu shakka cewa, duk sauran daidai suke, ƙarami muke more filastik kwakwalwarmu. Kuna iya koya, faɗi, yare na waje ko kayan kida a kowane zamani, amma akwai matakin fasaha wanda kawai zaku samu idan kun fara saurayi. Kwakwalwarmu kullun filastik ne, amma har yanzu sun fi filastik yayin da muke matasa. Haka kuma, yayin da aka sami wasu hanyoyi masu dan karfi tun suna karami, suna kokarin zama a wannan hanyar, saboda yayin da har yanzu zai yuwu a canza su daga baya a rayuwa, yana da matukar wahala. 

Tasirin batsa a kan kwakwalwar Yara

Wannan ya kawo mu ga wani babban tabkin da ya shafi batsa: ka faɗi duk abin da zaka ga tsofaffi suna cinye shi, a ka'idar duk mun yarda cewa yara bai kamata a fallasa shi ba - amma a zahiri, dukkanmu mun san dai yadda suke. A cikin yawa mai yawa. Kamar dai yadda muka sani cewa wuraren batsa suna da cikakken kome ba don hana yara cinye shi. 

Statisticsididdiga tana da ban tsoro. Bisa lafazin Nazarin Mutanen Espanya na 2013, “Kashi 63 cikin dari na yara maza da kashi 30 na 'yan mata sun sami hotunan batsa ta hanyar intanet yayin balaga,” gami da “bautar, batsa ta yara, da fyade.” In ji Jaridar Burtaniya ta Makarantar Nursing, "Yara a ƙarƙashin 10 yanzu suna da kashi 22 na yawan amfani da batsa ta hanyar layi a ƙarƙashin 18."

Batun nazarin littattafai na 2019 ya sami mummunan sakamako masu zuwa, kama daga binciken sama da 20: "halayen zalunci ga mata," "tsokanar jima'i," "lalatawar rayuwa," "fitintinar jima'i," da "tarawa." studyaya daga cikin binciken ya gano "karuwar al'amuran aboki matsalar fyade a tsakanin yara da kuma wanda ya aikata aika-aikan an saba dashi ta hanyar batsa a yawancin abubuwan da suka faru. ”Binciken ya kuma gano cewa" binciken da 'yan matan suka nuna game da batsa yayin da yara suka nuna cewa hakan yana da tasiri ga ginin su. "Daga cikin sauran mummunan tasirin, nazarin matasa musamman ya samo “dangantaka tsakanin watsa hotunan batsa da. . . kadaici, rashin adalci, rashin kwanciyar hankali, ra'ayin kashe kansa, da kuma barin karatun. ” 

Bayan haka, "yaran duka maza da mata da suka nuna hotunan batsa suna iya yarda da cewa ayyukan da suke gani, kamar su tarawar jima'i da kuma gungun maza, alamu ne a tsakanin takwarorinsu."

Yana da wahala a nuna hanyar haɗi ta kai tsaye a kimiyance, amma har yanzu yana tsaye yana tunani cewa yakamata a sami hanyar haɗi tsakanin fashewar batsa da kuma fashewar da aka samu da yawa a cikin matsalolin rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa tsakanin matasa.

Duk da yake sanadin abubuwan da ake kira matsalar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa tsakanin matasa ke yin jayayya mai zafi, ainihin gaskiyar ba ita ce ba: bisa ga Binciken Bincike na Kasa game da Amfani da Magunguna da Kiwon Lafiya, binciken da hukuma ta gudanar wanda ya kalli sashin Amurkawa mai zurfi – sama da 600,000— “daga 2009 zuwa 2017, babban rashin damuwa a tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 20 zuwa 21 ya ninka biyu, ya karu daga kashi 7 zuwa kashi 15 cikin dari. Rashin farin ciki ya kama kashi 69 cikin dari tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 16 zuwa 17. Tsananin damuwa na hankali, wanda ya haɗa da jin damuwa da bege, ya tsallake kashi 71 cikin ɗari tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 18 zuwa 25 daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2017. Sau biyu kamar shekaru masu shekaru 22 zuwa 23 sun yi ƙoƙarin kashe kansu a shekarar 2017 idan aka kwatanta da 2008, da 55 fiye da kashi yana da tunanin kashe kansa, ” ya rubuta San Diego University University masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jean Twenge. 

Don haka rikicin lafiyar tunanin matasa ya fara ne a kusa da 2009, dama bayan wayoyin komai da ruwan da Tube suka canza yanayin batsa. Haka kuma, ba hujjar kimiyya ta hanyar hade hanya ba, amma tabbas ne.

Gaskiyar magana ita ce: an ba da abin da muka sani batsa ke yi wa kwakwalwa, kuma idan har mun san cewa ƙaramin ƙwaƙwalwa yana da filastik to, tabbatacciya ce cewa duk abin da jarabar batsa take yi ga manya, zai yi ƙananan-sai dai mafi muni. Wannan wani abu ne wanda dole ne mu yanke shawara game da ainihin ainihin gaskiyar abubuwan ilimin halittar mutum, har ma ba tare da yin la’akari da duk mummunan tasirin rashin hankalin da yara kan haifar da batsa ba. 

Shin Mai Sa batsa ke haifar da Hadin gwiwa?

Na yi ƙoƙari in yi hankali kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma kawai in bayyana maganganun hujjojin kimiyya masu hankali. Zamu iya, kuma yakamata muyi muhawara game da kyawawan dabi'u, amma yakamata mu bayyana game da gaskiya. Kuma a cikin duniyar da labaran miliyoyin suke da'awar komai da akasin haka saboda wasu "binciken," Ina so in kasance daidai gwargwadon abin da za mu iya sani a kimiyance game da batsa, tare da babban matakin yaƙini, a kan abubuwan da za mu iya yin zurfin tuhuma, kodayake ba a tabbatar ba. 

We sani abin da batsa ke yi wa kwakwalwa, saboda ilimin likitanci mai kauri ne. Saboda kimiyyar zamantakewa ta fi sauƙaƙa, ba za mu iya ba sani ga wani abin da tasirin tasirin batsa ke jawowa a cikin jama'a, in da akwai. Amma da zarar mun fahimci cewa dole ne mu zama masu tawali'u a wannan yankin, har yanzu zamu iya yanke hukunci mai ma'ana.

Ka tuna koma bayan jima'i? Da alama Japan ta zama kan gaba yayin kowane irin koma bayan tattalin arziki: kamar dai yadda ta fara zuwa yanayin ƙimar tattalin arziƙin da sauran ƙasashen duniya ke fama da su tun 2008, wanda kuma ya fi kama da matsayin sabuwar dindindin tare da kowace wucewa. rana, Japan kuma shiga ta jima'i koma bayan tattalin arziki shekaru goma kafin mu. Hakanan Japan ta samu intanet a intanet fiye da sauran kasashen duniya. Shin yana iya zama cewa Japan misali ne na abin da zai iya faruwa da mu idan ba mu yi wani abu game da jarabar batsa ba? 

Tun lokacin da Japan ta sami intanet mai zurfi, ƙaramin ƙarni sun ci gaba canje-canje na zamantakewa. “A 2005, daya bisa uku na mutanen Jafananci masu shekaru 18 zuwa 34 budurwai; ya zuwa 2015, kashi 43 na mutanen da ke wannan rukunin suna, kuma rabon wanda ya ce ba su da niyyar yin aure ya tashi, suma. (Ba wai wannan aure wani tabbacin ne na lokutan jima'i ba: Wani bincike mai alaƙa da aka gano cewa kashi 47 na mutanen da suka yi aure ba su taɓa yin jima'i ba aƙalla wata guda.), " The Atlantic'Kate Julian rubuta a cikin labarin nata akan koma bayan jima'i. 

A Japan, wannan sabon ƙarni na maza marasa jima'i - da kuma koma bayan jima'i na Jafan ne ya sa ta maza rashin ban sha'awa, ga matsanancin babbar murya na matan Jafananci, idan za a dogara da rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru — soushoku danshi, a zahiri “mutane masu cin ciyawa” - a kalma, shuke-shuke. Wasikar ta samo asali ne daga bakin mata masu rikon sakainar kashi amma kuma, abin mamaki, ba su ga banbancin herbivores kuma mafi yawansu suna farin cikin bayyana hakan. 

Ganin yawan jama'ar Japan ya ragu, filayen daji, wadanda suka zama hadaddun ƙasa iri iri, sune batun muhawara ta ƙasa a cikin Japan, SlateAlexandra Harney rahotanni. Kuma abin da alama da ke ayyana herbivores ba wai kawai cewa ba su da sha'awar jima'i, wannan ba su da sha'awar yawancin komai. 

Sun fi son zama tare da iyayensu. Bayan haka, yana da wahala ka nemi wurin zama yayin da ba ka da aikin yi, wanda al'adun dabbobi ke cewa ba sa nema, saboda ba su da sha'awar ƙwararrun masu sana'a. Ba wai cewa suna ficewa ne daga al'umma mai amfani ba don mayar da hankali kan, faɗi, zane, ko gwagwarmaya, ko wasu nau'ikan kerawa ko al'adun gargaɗi. A bayyane, ɗayan fewan abubuwan sha'awa waɗanda suke da shahararrun shahararrun sune. . . ci gaba Don yin adalci, tafiya muhimmiyar hanya ce ta narkewa don raguna. 

Abin da herbivores ke yi da sha'awar shi ne ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu shi kaɗai, akan yanar gizo. Herbivores waɗanda ke da rayuwar zamantakewa suna kiyaye ta ga karamin da'irar abokai. Duk da yake Jafananci suna sananne saboda halin son ƙasarsu da yawon shakatawa, ba sa son yin balaguro zuwa ƙasashen waje. Sun kirkiri sabuwar kasuwa don yaoi, nau'in soyayya na Jafananci na ƙawancen jima'i irin wanda ke nuna alaƙar dangantakar tsakanin maza; yayin yaoiMasu sauraro a al'adance sun kasance mata, dabi'ar maza kamar yaoi. 

Bayani mai yawa ana amfana da su game da al'adun gargajiyar, daga al'adu zuwa tattalin arziki, sannan yana da ma'ana mai hankali cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan zasu yi wasa. Ko ta yaya, na gano cewa abin da muka sani game da wasannin herbivores ya yi daidai da abin da muka sani game da jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo, musamman rage libido da amfani da intanet. Mun kuma san cewa Japan ta bunkasa kasuwanni don kayan wasa na jima'i don maza, amma ba ga mata ba, har ma da matsanancin batsa da lalata, wanda ya yi daidai da yawan jama'a da ke nuna sha'awar jima'i ta al'ada ta jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo. 

Bayan abubuwan jima'i, herbivores suna da alama kamar ƙarni na maza masu fama da rashin haihuwa, cutar cututtukan zuciya ta hanyar jarabar batsa. Da alama babbar matsalar su rashin iyawa ce aikata, ko don aiki ko mace. Mentaddamarwa yana buƙatar damar iya aiki ta hanyar prertalal cortex, kamar sarrafa kai, ɗaukar nauyi da lada daidai, da kuma yin aikin kai zuwa gaba. Kasancewa mai son kai na kudi, ziyartar wata kasar waje, ficewa daga gidan iyayenku, zuwa wajen biki, ganawa da sabbin mutane, tambayar budurwa - abinda duk wadannan abubuwan suke a hade shine yayinda samari gaba daya suke son yin su, zasu iya suma suna zama masu firgita; kuma shine aikin zartarwa na kwakwalwa wanda yake cikin rashi prefrontal wanda yasa hakan damar samun nasara kan rashi na farko wanda ya fito daga ƙananan sassan kwakwalwa. 

Tare da Japan a kan hanyar kawar da kai a wani ɓangare sakamakon rashin sha'awar maza game da jima'i ko aure, yana da wuya a yi la’akari da misalin Nietzsche na Manarshen Maza, yanayin mafarkinsa na dare game da ƙaddarar da zata jira wayewar yamma bayan Mutuwar Allah idan ba ta bi hanyar Ubangiji ba Übermensch: mutum na ƙarshe yana rayuwa mai gamsarwa, ya gamsar da duk abubuwan jin daɗin rayuwarsa, ya rungumi daidaituwa ya ƙi rikice-rikice, kuma bai nemi komai ba, wanda ba ya iyawa kamar yadda yake hangen nesa, ko ƙira, ko kerawa, ko asali, ko haɗari. Lastarshen mutum na ƙarshe, a takaice, mutum ya koma ga wani abu kamar yanayin dabba, duk da cewa ba irin na dabbobi bane. Nietzsche yana gwada shi da kwari, amma herbivore yayi daidai sosai. A cikin jimamin tsoratarwar Nietzsche, Mutumin Na karshe ya yi imanin ya gano farin ciki. 

Haka kuma, ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da kimiyya cewa al'adun gargajirai na faruwa ne ta hanyar jarabar batsa. Amma abu daya tabbatacce mai ba da shawara ne: babu wani bayani game da dalilin da yasa, idan al'adun gargajirai ke haifar da ta hanyar al'adu ta gaba ɗaya ko yanayin tattalin arziƙi, to yakamata ya zama mai yawan wannan damuwa namiji sabon abu. Kowa? Kowa? Mai siye?

Shin Japan mai lalata ce ta gaba? Shin muna kan hanya zuwa zama wayewar al'adun gargajiyar? Ko, don ɗaukar wani misalin, zama kamar mutane marasa taimako a sararin samaniya a "WALL-E," sai dai ba mu taɓa zuwa don ƙirƙirar AI da robots waɗanda suka ba da damar rayuwa marasa amfani ba, mummunar rayuwar jin daɗin karya?

Zai yiwu shi sauti hyperbolic. Amma abin da muka sani shi ne cewa adadi na wayewarmu suna haɗuwa da maganin da ke da tasiri mai zurfi a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda yawancinmu ba mu fahimta ba, sai dai kawai duk abin da muka fahimta ba shi da kyau ko kuma na ba da tsoro. Kuma muna shekaru goma kawai a cikin aiwatarwa. Idan ba muyi aiki ba, sannu sannu zuriya mai zuwa zata zama tsararraki da ya mamaye wannan maganin mai amfani da kwakwalwa yayin da yake yara, wadanda kwakwalwar su ke da saukin kai. Da alama daidai ne kuma mai jituwa da tabbaci kamar yadda muke da shi a firgita. Haƙiƙa, abin da kamar mahimmin abu ne mai rashin hankali shine rashin kulawarmu game da wani abu wanda, a wasu matakan, duk munsan yana faruwa.

Babban Gwada kan kwakwalwarmu

Wata hanya da za a kusanci tambayar yadda za a amsa ita ce la’akari da cewa mu — duk duniya ci gaba, kuma ba da daɗewa ba duk duniya, kamar yadda farashin wayoyin komai da ruwanka a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ke ci gaba da faduwa - muna taɓar da gwajin da ba a taɓa gani ba a namu. kwakwalwar mutum. Masana kimiyya ba sa fahimtar fewan abubuwa game da kwakwalwa, amma kaɗan. Kwakwalwar dan adam abu ne mai rikitarwa a cikin sanannen Ulu, kuma muna karkashin rabi na yawan 'yan Adam a halin yanzu, ga irin nau'in magani. 

Yayinda nake rubuta wannan, an bayar da rahoton FDA tana yin la'akari da cikakken haramcin sigar sigari. Ka yi tunanin idan, ka ce, wani sanannen ƙarin na kiwon lafiya ya nuna ga, oh, ƙara ƙimar ED a tsakanin samari da wasu kashi, balle da yawa umarni na girma, ko kuma zama mai shan maye kamar cocaine a manyan sassan jama'a. Tabbas wani mai gabatar da karar haske mai jan hankali zai mallaki masu kamfanin suyi yawo a cikin kasa-kasa kafin a iya cewa "Hudu Loko" - babu shakka, shi kansa ya kan daukaka karar kuma ya ji kunyar daukar matakin jama'a.

Misalin iya zama cikin tsari anan: canjin yanayi. Akwai wasu abubuwan da muka san a kimiyance gaskiya ne: mun sani cewa gas gas yana haifar da yanayin zafi sama da sauran abubuwan daidai; mun sani cewa yan Adam suna emit mai yawa gas gas; mun san cewa yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa; mun san cewa gas gas na haɓaka zuwa matakan da ba a taɓa gani ba. 

Ba mu yi sani, a kimiyance, daidai, abin da hakan yake nufi nan gaba. Duniya tana da hadaddun kwayoyin halitta don mu sami damar yin hasashen tare da babban tabbaci abin da canjin yanayi zai ke nufi, musamman - hakika, mafi kyawun kararrawa game da kararrawa shi ne gaskiyar cewa muna cikin yankuna da ba a sarrafawa idan aka zo ga matakan gas gas da yanayin zafi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi, wanda ke wakiltar yarjejeniyoyin kimiyya kan canjin yanayi, ba ya bayar da Tsinkaya na tasiri nan gaba na canjin yanayi, amma yiwuwar rarraba (karanta su idan ba ku yi imani da ni ba). 

Dangane da halin kimiyya na yanzu, muna da preponderance na shaida jagora zuwa da ma'anar gaskata gaskatawa cewa matakan da ba'a taɓa gani-gas ba na iskar gas ko ɗakin zazzabi yana ƙaruwa matakin da ba a yarda da haɗarin ba na mummunan sakamako, gami da sakamakon bala'i, don haka wani irin Na gama kai aiki (kawar da muhawara mai fushi akan wane irin mataki) ya halalta a dakile fitar da iskar gas. Duniya tana da cakuduwa mai yawa domin mu fahimce ta gaba daya, kuma a zahiri wannan ita ce hujja mafi kyau don me yasa ba ta da matsala don tsintar ta cike da sinadarai a matakan da ba a bayyana ba. Bayan haka, ba mu da Duniya 2. (Kuma a, a zahiri, an ba wa mahimmin ra'ayin mazan jiya 'riko da matakin da ya dace kan canjin yanayi, wannan wata mahawara ce ta ra'ayin mazan jiya.)

Kuna iya ganin inda zan tafi: duk da yake Duniya mai mahimmanci ne, haka nan kwakwalwarmu take; duk da haka cakudaddun duniya take, haka kuma kwakwalwarmu take, waxannan sune abubuwanda suke rikitarwa a sararin samaniya. Ban ga dalilin da ya sa wannan tunanin ba ya amfani. 

A wasu matakan suna da girman gaske, dabaru don daukar mataki iri daya ne, kuma duk da haka wadannan dalilan suna haifar da rarrabuwar kawunan jama'a da babban birnin siyasa. 

An dauki lokaci mai tsawo tsakanin lokacin lokacin da shaidar siginar shan sigari zuwa cutar kansa ta huhu da kuma mummunan sakamako na rashin lafiyar da ba zai yiwu ba. Kuma ya dauki lokaci mai tsayi tsakanin wannan lokacin da lokacin da mu jama'a muka amince da wannan shaidar kuma muka yanke shawarar aiwatarwa. Wannan ya kasance saboda tambayoyin kimiyya na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, saboda wani sashi saboda tasirin haɗari, abubuwan da ake kulawa, da kuma wani ɓangare saboda maganganun maganganun maganganu masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Amma kuma a wani ɓangare saboda mutane da yawa sun kasance m don yarda cewa ƙaunataccen, al'adar nishaɗi, hakika lalata jaraba ce - kuma sun kasance duk sun fi son shigar da shi saboda sun san, zurfin, cewa gaskiya ne. 

Har yanzu ina shan taba. Amma, aƙalla, na daina yin ƙarya ga kaina game da dalilin da yasa nayi hakan. Lokaci ya yi da mu a matsayinmu na al'umma muka daina yin wa kanmu karya game da abin da ya zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar jama'a.

Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry ɗan uwanmu ne a Cibiyar icsabi'a da Cibiyar Siyasa. Rubutun sa ya bayyana a cikin littattafai da yawa. Yana tushen a Paris.