Tambaya "Me ya sa muke damuwa game da kallon hotunan?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, da Nicole Prause)

Marty Klein

Gabatarwa

Wannan zargi yana da bangarori biyu: Kashi na 1 yana bayyana yadda Nicole Farko, Marty Klein da Taylor Kohut kwata-kwata ba su bayar da cikakkiyar hujja game da “shaida” don tallafawa ainihin labarin ba - cewa “kallon hotunan batsa masu tilastawa” an cire su daga sabon binciken ICD-11 "Ciwon Halayyar Jima'i Mai Haɗari". Sashe na 2 yana fallasa abubuwan da ba a sani ba, da'awar ƙarya, da ba da gaskiya game da bincike, da kuma abubuwan da aka zaɓa a ɓoye cikin rubutun Prause / Klein / Kohut. (Lura: Mafi yawan abubuwan da aka zaba a cikin labarin da gurbatattun bayanan ana sake yin su daga wannan 2016 Yi amfani da "Wasikar ga edita" cewa YBOP ya wargaza 2 shekaru da suka gabata: Kaddamar da: Harafi ga edita "Yi amfani da al al. (2015) mafi kuskuren jaraba da tsinkaya ", 2016.)

Wanene marubutan wannan labarin?

Kafin yin nazarin cikakkun bayanai da ke ƙasa, zai zama da kyau muyi la'akari da bakunan daji na farfaganda a cikin Slate. Masu marubuta ba sa masu kallo ba ne. Suna da batutuwan da suka shafi batutuwa.

Nicole Farko ne tsohuwar ilimi tare da dogon tarihi na masu tsoratarwa da masu lalata, masu bincike, masu wariyar launin fata, manema labaru, maza a dawo da su, masu gyara labarai, kungiyoyi masu yawa, da wasu wadanda basu yarda su bayar da shaida akan tashe-tashen hankulan yanar gizo ba. Ta bayyana ya kasance jin dadi sosai tare da kamfanonin batsa, kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan Hoton ta (nesa dama) a kan karar launi na Ƙungiyar Masu Rauni na XRCO (X-Rated Critics Organization). (A cewar Wikipedia da XRCO Awards an ba da Amurka Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar X-Rated a kowace shekara ga mutanen da ke aiki a nishaɗi na yara da kuma kawai ita ce kyaututtukan albashi na matasa wanda ke nunawa kawai ga 'yan kasuwa.[1]).

Hakanan ya bayyana cewa Prause na iya samun samu batsa performers kamar yadda batuns ta wata ƙungiyar masana harkar batsa, da Jagorar Magana Ta Musamman. An yi zargin anyi amfani da abubuwan FSC a ciki karatu-bindiga a kan dauke da ƙafa da kuma kasuwanci ne mai “Orgasmic tunani” makirci (wanda yanzu yake FBI ta bincika ta). Addu'a ta kuma yi ba da sanarwa ba game da sakamakon bincikenta da ita nazarin hanyoyin. Domin yawancin takardun, duba: Shin Nicole Farko ya shawo kan masana'antar Porn?.

Marty Klein da zarar ya yi farin ciki da shafin yanar gizon kansa na AVN da ake kira "Hall of Fame" a cikin saninsa da ya ba da umarni game da bukatun kamfanoni (tun lokacin da aka cire).

Taylor Kohut wani mai bincike ne na Kanada wanda ya wallafa ba da son zuciya ba, bincike mai zurfi a hankali kamar: "Shin Hotunan Hotuna na Gaskiya ne game da 'Kin Kuna Mata'?"Wanda zai sa masu karatu da yawa za su iya yin imanin cewa masu amfani da batsa suna da halayyar kirkirar mata ga mata (basuyi ba), da "Hanyoyin Bidiyo na Abokan Hulɗa, "Wanda ke ƙoƙari ya ƙwanƙwasa a kan nazarin 75 nuna cewa yin amfani da batsa yana da mummunan tasiri akan dangantaka. (Ga wani Wasan kwaikwayo na kyauta da ake yi wa Kohut da Nazari da yawa.) Kohut's sabon website da yunkurin tarawa bayar da shawarar cewa yana iya samun ajanda. Kohut ya nuna son kai a bayyane a cikin taƙaitaccen rubutacce don Kwamitin Tsaro kan Kiwon Lafiya Game da Motsi M-47 (Kanada). A cikin taƙaitaccen bayani, kamar yadda yake a cikin Slate labarin, Kohut da masu ba da umarnin sun kasance masu laifi na ƙaddara-zaɓar wasu aan binciken da ke tattare da su yayin ɓatar da halin da ake ciki yanzu na bincike game da tasirin batsa.

KASHI na 1: Bayar da iƙirarin ICD-11 ban da "kallon hotunan batsa" daga "Cutar Sexarfin Sexabi'ar ”arfi"

Masu ƙaryatãwa game da jita-jita na batsa suna fargaba sabili da sabon tsarin kula da lafiyar lafiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, Kwayoyin Tsarin Kasa na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali dace da bincikar abin da ake kira `` jarabar batsa '' ko 'jarabar jima'i' An kira shi "Harkokin Rashin Jima'i na Jima'i"(CSBD). Duk da haka, a cikin wani abu mai ban mamaki "Mun rasa, amma mun ci nasara" yakin farfaganda, masu ƙaryatawa suna janye dukkan tashoshin don su gwada wannan sabon ganewar asali. kin amincewa na "jima'i da jima'i" da kuma "jaraba na batsa."

Ba su gamsu da labaran ƙarya da ke da'awar "ƙin yarda da jaraba ba," tsoffin mayaƙan batsa-masu musun Nicole Prause, Marty Klein da Taylor Kohut sun ɗauki farfagandar su zuwa sabbin matakan a wannan Yuli 30, 2018 Slate labarin: “Me yasa Har Yanzu Muke Damuwa da Kallon Hotunan batsa?”Ba tare da samar da wata shaida ba sama da ra’ayi kawai, Fim / Klein / Kohut triumvirate ya tabbatar da cewa WHO a hukumance ta keɓe hotunan batsa daga kallon cutar“ Comparfafa halayen Jima’i Mai ”arfi ”:

Ba tare da goyon baya ba, kuma ba kome ba, Prause / Klein / Kohut za mu yarda da hakan al'ada mafi yawan halayyar jima'i - yin amfani da batsa mai tilastawa - an cire shi daga sabon littafin bugun binciken WHO (ICD-11). Rashin fahimtar kamfen ɗin marubuta ya bayyana saboda dalilai da yawa, wasu daga cikin mafi bayyane daga cikinsu sune:

  • Yana da tabbacin cewa cewa harshen kanta na CSBD ganewar asali ya shafi wadanda ke fafitikar yin amfani da batsa masu amfani da batsa. (Duba ƙasa.)
  • CSBD ba ya bayyana (ko ware) wani musamman ayyukan jima'i.
  • Yawan nazarin da aka nuna cewa akalla 80% na mutanen da ke halayyar jima'i (halayyar jinsi) suna yin amfani da amfani da batsa na intanet.
  • Yawancin kwanan nan 50 neuroscience-based karatu (wanda WHO ya dogara da shawararta ya haɗa da CSBD) an yi shi shafukan yanar gizo na bidiyo - saboda haka wauta ne don bayar da shawarar cewa WHO ya nufa don ware batsa kallon kallo amma ya manta ya saka shi.

Kafin mu kai ga cikakken kimantawa game da maganganun masu ƙaryatãwa, bari mu kasance a sarari: Babu wata sanarwa ko tsinkaye mara ma'ana a cikin kowane littattafan WHO da za a iya fassara shi ban da masu amfani da batsa. Hakanan, babu mai magana da yawun WHO da ya taɓa faɗi cewa gano cutar CSBD ba ta amfani da batsa. Anan ne Cikakken CSBD a cikakke an kai ta kai tsaye daga littafin ICD-11:

Rikicin halin jima'i na tilastawa ana alamta shi da tsayayyen tsari na gaza sarrafa zafin, maimaituwar sha'awar jima'i ko sha'awar haifar da jima'i maimaitawa. Kwayar cutar za ta iya haɗawa da ayyukan maimaitawa na jima'i da zama mahimmancin rayuwar mutum har zuwa sakaci na kiwon lafiya da kulawar mutum ko sauran sha'awar, ayyukan da ɗawainiya; da yawa kokarin da bai yi nasara ba don rage halayyar jima'i maimaitawa; da kuma ci gaba da maimaita halayen jima'i duk da muguwar sakamako ko samarwa da kaɗan ko rashin gamsuwa daga gareshi.

Tsarin kasawa don sarrafa zafin, sha'awar jima'i ko sha'awa da kuma haifar da maimaita halayen jima'i ana nuna shi a cikin tsawan lokaci (eg, watanni 6 ko fiye), kuma yana haifar da alamar damuwa ko rashin ƙarfi a cikin mutum, dangi, zamantakewa, ilimi, sana'a, ko wasu mahimman fannoni na aiki. Damuwa da ke da alaƙa da hukuncin ɗabi'a da rashin yarda game da sha'awar jima'i, buƙatu, ko halaye bai isa ba don biyan wannan buƙatun.

Kuna ganin komai game da banda batsa? Mece ce game da hana bautar masu karuwanci? An cire kowane irin jima'i? Babu shakka ba. Shafin Farko / Klein / Kohut bai bayyana wani sadarwa na WHO ba, kuma ba ya bayyana wani mai magana da yawun WHO ko ma'aikacin aiki. Wannan labarin bai da yawa fiye da farfagandar da aka ƙaddamar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙididdigar da aka yi wa ƙulla-ƙira waɗanda aka yi ba daidai ba ko ba abin da suka kasance ba. (Ƙari a ƙasa.)

Idan kana da wata shakka game da ainihin fasalin da ake yi na Prause / Klein / Kohut, ka karanta wannan alhakin labarin game da rikice-rikicen halin jima'i (CSBD). Ba kamar su ba Slate labarin, wannan Yuli 27, 2018 labarin a cikin “SELF”Ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa asalin. Ya ambato kakakin hukumar WHO Christian Lindmeier. Lindmeier na ɗaya daga cikin jami'ai huɗu masu magana da yawun WHO waɗanda aka lissafa a wannan shafin: Lambobin sadarwa a hedkwatar WHO - kuma kadai WHO mai magana da yawun su sun yi sharhi sharhi game da CSBD! A SELF labarin kuma ya yi hira da Shane Kraus, wanda yake tsakiyar cibiyar ICD-11 na Ƙungiyar Harkokin Jima'i (CSBD). Fitaccen bayani tare da Lindmeir ya nuna cewa WHO bai karyata "jima'i ba":

Game da CSBD, mafi mahimmancin gardama shi ne cewa ko ace wannan rashin lafiya ya kamata a rarraba shi. "Akwai ci gaba da muhawara akan kimiyya ko rashin halayyar halayyar jima'i ta haifar da nuna rashin jituwa," in ji mai magana da yawun kungiyar Kirista Christian Lindmeier. "WHO ba ta amfani da kalmar jima'i saboda jima'i ba saboda ba mu da wani matsayi game da ko dai ilimin likita ne ko a'a."

Gunawa / Klein / Kohut yayi kuskuren su guda daya kawai da ake kira "shaidar"

A cikin sakin layi na gaba / Klein / Kohut ya ɓatar da mai karatu game da "jaraba" a cikin littattafan bincike da kuma yin ƙarya game da ɗaya daga cikin "shaidar" don amfani da batsa ana cirewa daga binciken ICD-11 CSBD:

Har ila yau, mun saba da tashin hankali lokacin da 'yan jarida suka fahimci cewa "batsa na batsa" ba a gane shi ba ta kowane samfurin bincike na kasa ko na duniya. Tare da wallafawar sabuwar ƙidayar cututtuka ta duniya (11) a watan Yuni, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta sake yanke shawarar kada a gane jima'i a kallon fim din a matsayin cuta. "Hotuna masu kallon batsa" an dauki su ne don hadawa a cikin "matsala ta Intanet", amma WHO ya yanke shawara akan hada shi saboda rashin shaidar da aka samu akan wannan cuta. ("Bisa ga taƙaitacciyar bayanan yanzu, saboda haka zai zama wanda bai dace ba ya haɗa da shi a cikin ICD-11," kungiyar ta rubuta.) Tsarin al'ada na Amirka, Dokar Tsaro da Ƙididdigar, ya sanya wannan yanke shawara a cikin sabuntawar su. ; Babu lissafin lissafin batsa a DSM-5.

Da farko, ba ICD-11 ko APA ta DSM-5 ba ta taɓa amfani da kalmar "jaraba" don kwatanta jaraba - ko da karuwa ce, cuwa-karyan tabar heroin, taba sigari, ko kuma sunanta. Dukkanin littattafan bincike guda biyu suna amfani da kalmar "cuta" maimakon "jaraba" (watau "cuta ta caca," "rashin amfani da nicotine," da sauransu). Saboda haka, “jima'i addiction"Da kuma" batsa buri " ba za a taba yin watsi ba, domin Ba a taɓa yin la'akari da su sosai ba a cikin manyan tambayoyin binciken. A sauƙaƙe, ba za a taba zama "jaraba na bidiyo" ganewar asali, kamar yadda ba za a taɓa kasancewa "jaraba" ba. Duk da haka mutane da alamu da alamu sun kasance daidai da ko dai "jarabacin lalata" ko "buri" methamphetamine " za a iya gano ta ta amfani da ICD-11 tanadi.

Abu na biyu, mahaɗin marubutan ya tafi takarda ta 2014 ta Jon Grant, Kuskuren rashin lafiyar jiki da kuma "cin zarafin hali" a cikin ICD-11 (2014). Kafin na fallasa tsohuwar rawar da Nicole Prause ta yi na tsohuwar takardar Jon Grant, ga hujjojin da ba za a iya musantawa ba:

(1) Rubutun Jon Grant yana kan shekaru 4. A gaskiya ma, 39 na nazarin nazarin binciken 45 na al'amuran CSB da aka jera a wannan shafin an buga tun Littafin 2014 Jon Grant.

(2) Watanni biyu ne kawai na Grant, kuma ba takarda ba ce ta Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ko ƙungiyar aikin CSBD.

(3) Mafi mahimmanci, babu inda a cikin takarda ya ce ana amfani da batsa daga CSBD. A gaskiya, Grant ya ce akasin haka: batsa na amfani da intanet is wani nau'i na CSB! Ana amfani da kalmar "batsa" sau ɗaya kawai a cikin takarda kuma ga abin da Grant zai ce game da shi:

Tambayar maɓallin ta uku a fagen ita ce ko yin amfani da yanar-gizon matsala ne mai zaman kanta. Kungiyar Rundunar ta lura cewa wannan yanayin ne mai banbanci, kuma yin amfani da Intanet na iya zama tsarin bayarwa ga nau'i daban-daban na rashin kulawa da motsin jiki (misali, wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo ko kuma hotunan batsa). Mafi mahimmanci, labaran wasan kwaikwayo na asali da na halayyar halayyar jima'i ya kamata lura cewa Irin waɗannan halayen suna ƙara karuwa ta amfani da zangon Intanet, ko dai baya ga saitunan gargajiya na yau da kullum, ko na musamman 22, 23.

A nan ne kuna da shi, Prause / Klein / Kohut yayi kuskure ne kawai da "shaidar" da za su iya gano (gaskiya-rajista Slate?).

Duk da haka, gurɓataccen takarda na Grant's 2014, ta Hankali, yana faruwa a kalla a shekara. Yi amfani da kyanan hoton da ya biyo baya, wanda aka wuce a kusa asusun yada labaran yada labarai na pro-batsa. Hoton hoto ne na sakin layi na Jon Grant wanda na zana a sama. Dogaro da gajeren gajeren lokaci na hankali, masu yada labaran suna tsammanin ka karanta kawai abin da ke cikin akwatunan ja, da fatan za ka manta da abin da sakin layin zahiri ya ce:

Klein

Idan ka fadi ga mafarki na ja-akwatin, ka yi la'akari da abin da aka samo asali kamar:

... hotuna masu kallon kallo ... suna tambaya ko akwai isasshen shaidar kimiyya a wannan lokaci don tabbatar da hada shi a matsayin rashin lafiya. Bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai na yanzu, haka zai zama wanda bai dace ba don haɗa shi a cikin ICD-11.

Yanzu karanta duka sakin layi, kuma za ku ga cewa Jon Grant yana magana "Rikicin caca na Intanet," ba batsa. Grant ya yi imanin cewa yana da damuwa ko akwai cikakken shaidar kimiyya a wannan lokacin don tabbatar da shigar da Cutar Gidan Cutar Intanet a matsayin cuta. (Ba zato ba tsammani, shekaru 4 daga baya Cutar wasan is a cikin ICD-11 kuma goyon bayan kimiyya a gare shi yana da yawa.)

Tambayar maɓallin ta uku a fagen ita ce ko yin amfani da yanar-gizon matsala ne mai zaman kanta. Ƙungiyar Rundunar ta lura cewa wannan yanayin ne mai banbanci, kuma yin amfani da Intanet yana iya zama tsarin bayarwa ga nau'o'i daban-daban na rashin kulawar motsa jiki (misali, wasan kwaikwayo game da wasan kwaikwayo ko batsa). Abin mahimmanci, bayanin da ake yi na caca da kuma halayyar halayyar jima'i da ya kamata ya kamata ya lura cewa irin waɗannan dabi'un suna karuwa ta amfani da dandalin Intanet, ko dai baya ga saitunan gargajiya, ko na musamman 22,23.

DSM-5 ya haɗa Harkokin wasan kwaikwayo na Intanit a cikin sashen "Yanayi don ƙarin nazarin". Ko da yake yana da wata muhimmiyar fahimtar fahimtar juna, kuma hakika akwai wani babban matsayi a wasu ƙasashe 12, yana da damuwa ko akwai isasshen shaidar kimiyya a wannan lokaci don tabbatarwa ya hada a matsayin rashin lafiya. Bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai na yanzu, haka zai zama wanda bai dace ba don haɗa shi a cikin ICD-11.

Ba tare da karantawa ba kawai yanan mota, abin da ke sama ya nuna cewa Jon Grant ya yi imanin cewa hotunan batsa na intanet iya zama cuta mai rikitarwa wanda zai faɗo ƙarƙashin lamuran laima na "Cutar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Haɗari" (CSBD). Wannan shi ne ainihin kishiyar "jan murabba'in" yaudarar da masu yada labaran suka nuna.

Menene Jon Grant ya ce shekaru 4 daga bisani? Grant ya kasance mawallafi ne a kan wannan sanarwar ta 2018 (da kuma yarda tare da) hada CSBD a cikin ICD-11 mai zuwa: Rashin halin halayen jima'i a cikin ICD-11. A cikin labarin na biyu na 2018, “Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari: A tsarin da ba a yanke hukunci ba, ”Grant ya ce Halayyar Jima'i Mai Haushi kuma ana kiranta" jarabar jima'i "ko" liwadi "(waɗanda koyaushe ke aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka yi nazari game da su a matsayin maganganu iri ɗaya don kowane halayen jima'i, ciki har da yin amfani da batsa mai tilastawa):

Halin halayen jima'i (CSB), Har ila yau ake magana a kai kamar yadda jima'i buri ko hypersexuality, yana da ma'ana da zurfin tunani tare da jima'i, jarabawa, da kuma dabi'un da ke damun mutum da / ko kuma ya haifar da rashin lahani na psychosocial.

Babu mamaki masu tsalle-tsalle irin su Gwagwarmaya suna ƙoƙari su dawo da shekaru 4 don yin kuskuren takardun Jon Grant. Takardar kwanan nan ta 2018 ta Grant ta faɗi a cikin jumla ta farko cewa CSB ana kuma kiransa jarabar jima'i ko liwadi!

Domin cikakkiyar asusun na ICD-11, duba wannan labarin na baya-bayan nan ta Cibiyar bunkasa lafiyar jima'i (SASH): "Ƙungiyar Harkokin Jima'i ta Haɗaka" ta ƙunshi Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya a matsayin lafiyar Lafiya ta Mental. Ya fara da:

Duk da wasu jita-jita masu yaudara da akasin haka, ba gaskiya ba ne cewa WHO ta ƙi "jarabar batsa" ko "jarabar jima'i" An kira halayen halayen haɗari da sunaye da yawa a cikin shekaru: "liwadi", "jarabar batsa", "jarabar jima'i", "halayyar jima'i ta hanyar sarrafawa" da sauransu. A cikin sabon kundin bayanai game da cututtuka WHO ta ɗauki mataki don halatta rashin lafiyar ta hanyar yarda da "Cutar Sexarfafa Haɗarin Jima'i" (CSBD) a matsayin cutar tabin hankali. A cewar masanin WHO, Geoffrey Reed, sabon binciken na CSBD "ya sanar da mutane cewa suna da" yanayi na gaske "kuma suna iya neman magani."

SASHE NA 2: Bayyana da'awar karya, ɓatacciyar fassarar, bincike-binciken da aka yi da ƙulla-ƙulla, da kuma tsauraran ƙura

Sauran littafin Prause / Klein / Kohut ya janyo hankalin masu karatu cewa batsa batsa shine labari da kuma yin amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo ba tare da matsaloli ba. Bugu da ƙari, suna nuna cewa kawai "jima'i baban" zai yi kuskure ya bayar da shawarar cewa amfani da batsa zai iya haifar da tasiri. A cikin wannan ɓangaren muna samar da dacewa da Kalmomin / Klein / Kohut bayanan bayan bin bayanan da aka yi da kuma alamun da aka ba su don tallafawa da'awar. Inda ya kamata mu samar da karatun da suka dace da maganganunsu.

Misali na yawancin rashi na labarin:

Kafin muyi magana game da manyan maganganun labarin, yana da mahimmanci a bayyana abin da Prause / Klein / Kohut suka zaɓa don barin su daga girman su. Lissafin karatun suna ƙunshe da abubuwan da suka dace da haɗi zuwa takardun asali.

  1. Porn / jima'i buri? Wannan shafin ya lissafa 55 neuroscience-based karatu (MRI, FMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). Suna bayar da goyon baya mai karfi ga tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar su kamar yadda aka gano su a cikin binciken bincike na binciken da aka ruwaito a cikin ilimin likita.
  2. Gaskiyar masana kan ra'ayi akan batsa / jima'i? Wannan jerin ya ƙunshi 32 nazarin wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan & sharhi by wasu daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya a duniya. Duk suna goyon bayan tsarin ƙari.
  3. Alamun jaraba da kuma cigaba zuwa mafi matsanancin abu? Aikin nazarin 60 yana binciken rahotanni daidai da cigaba da yin amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada zuwa batsa, har ma da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka (duk alamu da bayyanar cututtukan hade da buri).
  4. Matsalar jima'i da jima'i? Jerin wannan ya ƙunshi nazarin nazarin 40 da ke haɗa jita-jita ta batsa / jaraba na batsa ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan ƙananan hawaye zuwa jima'i na jima'i.. The Binciken na farko na 7 a jerin sun nuna lalacewa, yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa da kuma warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum.
  5. Abubuwan kyama a kan dangantaka? Aikin nazarin 80 da aka yi amfani da shi na yin amfani da batsa ya yi amfani da ita don rashin jima'i da dangantaka. Kamar yadda muka sani dukan nazarin da ya shafi maza sun bayar da rahoton karin amfani da batsa da aka danganta talauci jima'i ko dangantaka gamsuwa.
  6. Amfani da hotuna da ke shafi lafiyar jiki da tunani? Fiye da nazarin 85 ya danganta amfani da batsa don talaucin tunani-rashin lafiyar jiki da talauci sakamakon rashin fahimta.
  7. Amfani da hotuna da ke shafi imani, halaye da kuma halayen? Bincika nazarin mutum - a kan nazarin nazarin 40 da ake amfani dashi na yin amfani da batsa ga "dabi'un da ba ta dace ba" ga mata da jima'i - ko taƙaitawa daga wannan nazari na 2016: Kafofin watsa labaru da kuma lalatawa: Jihar Nazarin Tarihi, 1995-2015. Musamman:

Makasudin wannan bita shine ya hada da bincike na jarrabawar gwajin gwagwarmayar jarida. An mayar da hankali ne a kan bincike da aka buga a cikin mujallolin wallafa-wallafe-wallafa, wallafe-wallafen harshen Turanci tsakanin 1995 da 2015. An kammala nazarin 109 da ke dauke da nazarin 135. Binciken da aka bayar yana nuna shaida cewa daukan labarun dakin gwaje-gwaje da na yau da kullum, shafukan yau da kullum a cikin wannan abun ciki suna da alaƙa da wasu sakamakon, ciki har da ƙananan matakan rashin jin daɗin jiki, ƙwarewar kai-da-kai, goyon baya ga bangaskiyar jima'i da kuma rikice-rikice na jima'i. Ƙarfin haɗari da jima'i ga mata. Bugu da ƙari, gwagwarmayar gwaji ga wannan abun ciki yana jagoranci mata da maza don samun fahimtar ra'ayi game da karfin mata, halin kirki, da bil'adama.

"Amma bai yi amfani da yarinyar rage yawan fyade ba?" A'a, tarin fyade ya taso a cikin 'yan shekarun nan: "Rabi rates suna kan tashi, saboda haka watsi da farfaganda pro-porn. ”Don ƙarin ƙari, duba Bayar da realyourbrainonporn (pornoresearch.com) "Sashen Laifin Jima'i": ainihin yanayin bincike kan amfani da batsa da ta'addancin jima'i, tilastawa & tashin hankali.

  1. Menene game da zalunci da jima'i? Wani zane-zane: Mididdigar Meta ‐ Nazarin Batsa da Actsa'idodin Ayyukan Jima'i na Babban Jima'i a Nazarin Studiesididdigar Jama'a (2015). Musamman:

An nazarin nazarin 22 daga kasashen 7 daban-daban. An yi amfani da amfani da cin zarafin jima'i a Amurka da kuma na duniya, tsakanin maza da mata, kuma a cikin nazarin giciye da kuma nazarin lokaci. Ƙungiyoyi sun fi ƙarfin magana fiye da tashin hankali na jiki, ko da yake dukansu sun kasance masu muhimmanci. Sakamakon yanayin da aka nuna ya nuna cewa abun ciki mai tsanani yana iya zama wani abu mai ban tsoro.

"Amma bai yi amfani da yarinyar rage yawan fyade ba?" A'a, tarin fyade ya taso a cikin 'yan shekarun nan: "Rabi rates suna kan tashi, saboda haka watsi da farfaganda pro-porn. ” Duba wannan shafin don a kan nazarin 100 da ke haɗa batsa ta amfani da lalata, tilastawa & tashin hankali da kuma babban raha da aka tabbatar akai-akai kan cewa karuwar batsa ya sa an sami raguwar fyade.

  1. Mene ne game da amfani da batsa da matasa? Bincika wannan jerin a kan nazarin yara na 280, ko wadannan nazarin littattafai: Binciken # 1, review2, Binciken # 3, Binciken # 4, Binciken # 5, Binciken # 6, Binciken # 7, Binciken # 8, Binciken # 9, Binciken # 10, Binciken # 11, Binciken # 12, Binciken # 13, Binciken # 14, Binciken # 15. Daga ƙarshen wannan nazarin 2012 na binciken - Hanyoyin Intanit Ayyukan Shafuka a kan Matasan: Binciken Bincike:

Ƙara samun dama ga Intanit ta hanyar matasa ya haifar da damar da ba a taɓa samun dama ga ilimi, ilmantarwa, da ci gaba ba. Sabanin haka, haɗarin cutar da aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe ya jagoranci masu bincike su bincika samin yara da ke nuna hotuna a kan layi don kokarin bunkasa waɗannan dangantaka. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan binciken suna ba da shawara cewa matasan da ke cin batsa suna iya haɓaka halayen jima'i da imani. Daga cikin binciken, mafi girman halayen halaye na jima'i, damuwa da jima'i, da kuma gwajin jima'i na baya an danganta su da yawan amfani da batsa…. Koyaya, binciken da aka samu ya samo asali game da amfani da yarinyar amfani da batsa wanda ke nuna tashin hankali tare da ƙara matakan halayyar jima'i.

Littattafan bayanai sun yi nuni da wasu daidaituwa tsakanin amfani da balaguro da tunanin mutum. 'Yan matan sun ba da rahoton jin ƙanƙan da su ga matan da suke gani a cikin kayan batsa, yayin da boysa boysan maza ke tsoron ba za su iya zama masu ƙarfin hali ba ko kuma su iya yin kamar maza a cikin wannan kafofin watsa labarai. Matasa sun kuma ba da rahoton cewa amfani da hotunan batsa ya ragu yayin da amincewa da kansu da ci gaban zamantakewa ke ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya nuna cewa matasa waɗanda ke amfani da batsa, musamman waɗanda aka samo akan Intanet, suna da ƙananan digiri na haɗin kai na zamantakewa, suna ƙaruwa cikin matsalolin ɗabi'a, matakan halayyar rashin ƙarfi, haɓaka mafi girma na alamun rashin jin daɗi, da rage alaƙar damuwa da masu kulawa.

Gunawa, Ley da Klein sun yi mummunan ɓatanci game da yanayin binciken na foran shekarun nan. Yanzu, sun dace sun haɗu da duk abubuwan da ke faruwa, abubuwan da aka zaɓa a cikin cherry waɗanda suke ambata a kai a kai a cikin wannan labarin. Muna fallasa gaskiyar dake ƙasa. Abubuwan da suka dace na Prause / Klein / Kohut da aka jera anan suna cikin tsari daidai kamar yadda labarin yake.

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KARANTA #1: Maimaita bayan ni: "Babu DSM-5 ko ICD-11 da ke gane kowane jaraba, cuta kawai"

GABATARWA SHIRYE: "Har ila yau mun saba da kaduwa lokacin da 'yan jaridu suka fahimci cewa" jarabar batsa "ba a yarda da ita ta kowane littafin bincike na kasa ko na duniya ba."

Nice yayi kokarin yaudarar masu karatu, amma, kuma, ba ICD-11 ko APA's DSM-5 sun taɓa amfani da kalmar “jaraba” don bayyana jaraba - ko dai jarabar caca, jarabar jaruntaka, shan sigari ko kuma sunanta. Dukansu littattafan bincike suna amfani da kalmar "cuta" maimakon "jaraba" (watau "matsalar caca" "rikicewar amfani da nikotin", da sauransu). Saboda haka, “jima'i addiction"Da kuma" batsa buri " ba za a taba yin watsi ba, domin Ba a taɓa yin la'akari da su sosai ba a cikin manyan litattafan bincike. A taƙaice, ba za a taɓa samun ganewar "jarabar batsa" ba, kamar yadda ba za a taɓa samun ganewar "meth buri" ba. Duk da haka mutanen da ke da alamomi da alamomin da suka dace da ko dai “jarabar batsa” ko “jarabar methamphetamine” ana iya bincikar su ta amfani da kayan ICD-11.

Ta hanyar fahimtar haɓaka da halayyar mutum da kuma haifar da samfurori don ganewa halayen jima'i, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya tana zuwa cikin jituwa tare da Ƙungiyar {asar Amirka ta Yara Da Yara (ASAM). A watan Agusta, masana'antun masu shan jita-jitar na 2011 Amirka, a ASAM, suka saki su Magana mai zurfi akan jaraba. Daga ASAM latsa saki:

Sabuwar ma'anar ta samo asali ne daga tsaurara matakai, na shekara huɗu tare da ƙwararrun masani 80 waɗanda ke aiki a kanta, gami da manyan hukumomin shan jaraba, likitocin likitanci na jaraba da manyan masu bincike game da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Shekaru biyu na ci gaba a cikin ilimin kimiyar kwakwalwa sun tabbatar da ASAM cewa ana buƙatar sake fasalin jaraba ta abin da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa.

An Kakakin ASAM ya bayyana:

Sabuwar ma'anar ta ba da tabbaci cewa duk jarabobi-ko na barasa, jaruntaka ko jima'i, a ce-duk iri ɗaya ne. Dokta Raju Haleja, tsohon shugaban kungiyar likitocin Kanada don shan kwayoyi kuma shugaban kwamitin ASAM wanda ya kirkiro sabuwar ma'anar, ya shaida wa The Fix cewa, "Muna kallon shaye-shaye a matsayin cuta guda, sabanin wadanda ke ganin su daban. cututtuka. Addiction jaraba ne. Babu wata matsala abin da ke toshe kwakwalwarka a wannan hanyar, da zarar ta canza alkibla, za ka kasance cikin sauki ga duk jarabar. ” … Jima'i ko caca ko jarabar abinci [dukkansu] suna da ingancin magani kamar jarabar shan barasa ko jaruntaka ko kristal meth.

Ga dukkan dalilai masu amfani, ma'anar 2011 ta ƙare muhawara akan ko jima'i da jarabar batsa “real addictions. ” ASAM a bayyane ta bayyana hakan hargitsi da halayen jima'i akwai kuma dole ne ya haifar da irin wannan canji na asali wanda ya samo asali. Daga ASAM FAQs:

TAMBAYA: Wannan sabon ma'anar jaraba yana nufin jaraba dangane da caca, abinci, da kuma halayyar jima'i. Shin ASAM ta gaskanta cewa abinci da jima'i suna jaraba ne?

TAMBAYA: Sabuwar ma'anar ASAM tana yin ƙaura daga daidaita jaraba tare da dogaro da abu kawai, ta hanyar kwatanta yadda jaraba kuma ke da alaƙa da halayen da ke da lada. Definition Wannan ma'anar ta ce jaraba game da aiki ne da kewaya kwakwalwa da yadda tsari da aikin kwakwalwar mutane da jaraba ya bambanta da tsari da aikin kwakwalwar mutanen da ba su da jaraba. … Abincin abinci da halayyar jima'i da halin caca za a iya haɗuwa da 'biyan biyan lada' wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan sabon ma'anar jaraba.

Amma game da DSM, {ungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin {asashen Amirka (APA) ta riga ta jawo ƙafafunsa a ciki har da halayyar jima'i da ke cikin labarun bincikenta. Lokacin da ƙarshe ya sabunta littafin a 2013 (DSM-5), bai yi la'akari da yadda ake yin "jita-jita na intanet" ba, don haka ya juya maimakon yin muhawara akan "rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mazaunan mata." An yi magana game da matsalar jima'i ta hanyar DSM-5 kansa na Rukunin Jima'i bayan shekarun binciken. Duk da haka, a cikin wani saiti na "hutu" na kwana ɗaya (bisa ga wani ɗan ƙungiyar Rukuni), wasu jami'an jami'un DSM-5 sun ki amincewa da karuwa tsakanin maza da mata, suna bayyana dalilan da aka bayyana a matsayin illogical.

Idan aka kai wannan matsayi, DSM-5 bai kula da shaidar da ta dace ba, rahotanni masu yawa game da alamun, alamu da kuma dabi'un da suka dace da tilastawa da jaraba daga marasa lafiya da likitocin su, da kuma shawarwarin da dama na dubban masana kimiyya da masana kimiyya a Ƙasar Amirka ta Addin Addini. Magunguna.

Ba zato ba tsammani, DSM ta samar wa masu sukar fasaha wadanda suka ƙi bin tsarin kulawa da ilmin likita da ka'idar likita don maganin bincikensa kawai a cikin bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan karshen ya yarda da yanke shawara, yanke shawara na siyasar da ke ƙin gaskiya. Alal misali, DSM sau ɗaya ba daidai ba an kwatanta liwadi kamar ƙwayar cuta.

Kafin kafin kwanan littafin DSM-5 a 2013, Thomas Insel, sa'an nan kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, ya yi gargadin cewa lokaci ya yi don kula da lafiyar jiki ya dakatar da dogara ga DSM. Yana "rauni shi ne rashin inganci, "In ji shi, kuma"ba za mu iya yin nasara ba idan muka yi amfani da nau'ikan DSM a matsayin “daidaitaccen gwal."Ya kara da cewa,"Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa NIMH za ta sake nazarin bincikensa daga tsarin DSMs. " A takaice dai, NIMH zai dakatar da binciken kudade dangane da alamun DSM (da rashin su).

Zai zama mai ban sha'awa don ganin abin da ke faruwa tare da sabuntawa na gaba na DSM. (Lura: DSM-5 ya kirkiro jinsi na hali na hali)

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KARANTA #2: Cutar hawaye

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Masana kimiyya da kuma likitocin da suka gabatar da hujjojin da suka kalubalanci wadannan labarun da suka shafi cutar-kuma munyi kanmu a cikin rukuni na-fuskantar fuskantar adawa na zamantakewa da siyasa a binciken su. Zai iya zama mawuyacin wannan bayani don yin hakan ga jama'a.

Wadannan mawallafa suna yada yarn da masu bada shawara kan batutuwa "suka fuskanci adawar zamantakewar al'umma da siyasa a binciken su" kuma cewa yana iya "wahalar da wannan bayani don yin hakan ga jama'a." Ba haka ba. A gaskiya ma, masu magana da batutuwa na pro-porn suna da yawa sama da wakiltar a cikin manema labaru, kuma sun yi yawa, sau da yawa a bayan al'amuran, don kawar da hujjojin da batutuwan batsa ke ciki a cikin littattafai masu ban sha'awa da ilimi. (misalan)

A bayyane yake, waɗannan mawallafa ba su ba da shaidar da suka fi dacewa da matsalolin zamantakewa da siyasa. Ƙididdiga masu yawa za su bayyana ainihin halin da ake ciki.

A Binciken Google don "Nicole Prause" + batsa ya dawo da sakamako 16,600 sama da wasu yan shekaru. Hanyoyin watsa labaru na gidan rediyo na gidan rediyo sun hada da ambaton ra'ayoyin ta na batsa / batsa game da jita-jita a cikin wasu shahararrun shahararrun kantuna, gami da Slate, Beast Daily, Atlantic, Rolling Stone, CNN, NPR, Mataimakin, The Sunday Times, da ƙananan kantuna marasa iyaka. A bayyane yake Prause tana samun abin da take biya daga kamfaninta na hulda da jama'a. Duba https://web.archive.org/web/20221006103520/http://media2x3.com/category/nikky-prause/

Ya kamata a lura cewa babban abokin aikin Prause David Ley yana karɓar kulawa irin ta kyauta. A Binciken Google na "David Ley" + batsa ya dawo sakamakon 18,000 - mafi yawa saboda ya rubuta littafi mai suna Labarin na Jima'i Jima'i (ba tare da nazarin buri a zurfin) ba. A Binciken Google don "Marty Klein" + batsa Ya dawo sakamakon 41,500 a cikin shekaru masu yawa.

Ba wai kawai abubuwan da aka tsara ba ne kawai suke da ra'ayoyin wadannan mawallafi na 3, suna kuma daukan wadannan maganganun 'labari' masu daraja - ba tare da neman ra'ayoyi masu adawa game da manyan malaman makarantar da suka wallafa nazarin binciken da ba a kan nazarin binciken yanar gizo ba a yanar gizo. sakamako. Wadannan sun hada da Marc Potenza, Matthias Brand, Valerie Voon, Kirista Laier, Simone Kühn, Jürgen Gallinat, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken, Ji-Woo Seok, Jin-Hun Sohn, Mateusz Gola da sauransu.

Ga misali samfurin. A Binciken Google don "Matthias Brand" + batsa ya dawo da sakamako 2,200 kawai. Bambanci tsakanin ɗaukar fitaccen nau'in Brand na ilimi da na Praminista Prause, Ley da Klein ƙaho ne bayyananne. Brand ya yi rubutu akan 340 binciken, shine head of Department of Psychology: Cognition, a Jami'ar Duisburg-Essen, kuma ya wallafa litattafai masu zurfi a kan batutuwa fiye da kowane mai bincike a duniya. (Dubi jerin jerin batutuwa na batsa da ke ciki a nan: 20 nazarin nazarin neuro da kuma nazarin wallafe-wallafe na 4.)

A bayyane yake, shi ne masu bincike mai zurfi na ilimi wadanda aka nuna musu bambanci a cikin manema labarai. Sakamakon haka, ana gargadi masu karatu su dauki wadannan mawallafin marubuta na tarihin abubuwan da suke fuskanta wajen watsa labarun batuttukan su tare da matsayi mai kyau na skepticism. Ya kamata 'yan jarida su yi karin alhakin, kasa ba da son zuciya ba saboda kwarewa a cikin wannan rudani, raguwa.

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KARANTA #3: A blog post by Playboy marubucin ma'aikata duk abin da kuka samu?

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Ana kuma gaya musu cewa akwai annoba na rashin ciwo mai tsabta wanda ya samo asali a cikin samari kuma cewa batsa shine dalilin (ko da yake shaidar da ta nuna cewa babu).

Gwada / Klein / Kohut ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙaddamar da rubuce-rubuce da kyau a rubuce samuwa a matashi na matukar damewa tare da wannan Afrilu, 2018 blog post by Justin Lehmiller, mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullum Playboy Magazine. Ya kamata ba mamaki kowa da kowa cewa Lehmiller yana da kishiyar kwarewa ba, bayan ya nuna ta a akalla goma daga cikin shafin yanar gizonsa. Wadannan da sauran wasu shafukan yanar gizo na Lehmiller suna ci gaba da yada labaran karya iri daya: amfani da batsa baya haifar da matsala da jarabar batsa / lalata batutuwan jima'i ba su wanzu. Kafin muyi magana game da hannun Lehmiller game da lalatawar jima'i, bari mu bincika shaidar.

Tarihin ED: An yi nazari ne a farko a cikin 1940s yayin da Kinsey rahoton ya kammala cewa adadin ED shi ne kasa da 1% a cikin matasa matasa fiye da shekaru 30, kasa da 3% a cikin waɗannan 30-45. Yayin da ED ya yi nazari a kan samari ba su da kyau, wannan 2002 nazarin maganganu na 6 masu kwazo na ED ya ruwaito cewa 5 na 6 ya ruwaito adadin ED ga maza a karkashin 40 na kusan 2%. A 6th nazarin bincike na 7-9%, amma ba'a iya kwatanta tambaya da aka yi amfani da su ba a cikin nazarin na 5, kuma ba a tantance su ba. na kullum Dysfunction tacectile: "Shin kuna da matsala wajen rikewa ko kuma cimma gado kowane lokaci a bara? "(Duk da haka wannan binciken ne mai ban sha'awa wanda Lehmiller yayi amfani dashi don kwatantawa.)

A ƙarshen 2006 kyauta, zangon tashoshin batsa sun zo kan layi kuma sun sami shahararren lokaci. Wannan canza yanayin da ake amfani da batsa a radically. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin, masu kallo zasu iya karuwa tare da sauƙi a yayin zaman baza tare da wani jira ba.

Nine bincike tun 2010: Dubun binciken da aka wallafa tun lokacin da 2010 ya nuna babbar tasiri a cikin dysfunctions na erectile. Wannan shi ne da aka rubuta a wannan labarin kuma a cikin wannan takarda da aka bincika da takarda wanda ya shafi likitoci Navy na 7 US - Shin Intanit Intanit yana haifar da Dysfunctions? A Review tare da Clinical Reports (2016). A cikin nazarin 10, yawan kuɗin da ake yiwa maza a karkashin 40 ya fito ne daga 14% zuwa 37%, yayin da farashin low libido ya kasance daga 16% zuwa 37%. Baya ga zuwan batsa mai gudana (2006) babu wani matsala da ya danganci ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙirarruwar da aka canja a cikin shekaru 10-20 na karshe (shan taba shan taba, ƙasa da ƙwayar shan taba yana da ƙarfi, ƙananan baza a cikin maza 20-40 kawai 4% tun 1999 - duba wannan binciken).

Sanya kwanan nan a cikin matsalolin jima'i ya dace daidai da labarun kusan karatun 40 masu alaƙar amfani da batsa da kuma “jarabar batsa” ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan motsa rai don motsawar jima'i. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da hakan binciken farko na 7 a cikin jerin ya nuna lalacewa, yayin da masu halartar taron suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa kuma sun warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum (don wasu dalilai masu ban mamaki Slate labarin ya kasa yin la'akari da dukan waɗannan nazarin na 30). Baya ga karatun da aka lissafa, wannan shafin yana dauke da abubuwa da bidiyo ta hanyar masana 140 (likitocin urology, urologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, MDs) wanda ya yarda kuma sun samu nasarar bi da batsa-jawo ED da kuma raunin da ya ɓata cikin lalata da sha'awar jima'i.

Lehmiller ta sirri hannu: Lehmiller a hankali ya zaɓi binciken da ba a yi ba, tare da bayanan da 18 ya rabu, a ƙoƙari don tabbatar da mai karatu cewa ƙimar ED ya kasance a kusan 8% ga maza a karkashin 40:

1) A "Hanyar abubuwa sun kasance binciken" daga 1992 shi ne wanda ya tambaye shi: "Shin kuna da matsala wajen rikewa ko kuma cimma gado any lokaci a bara? "Tambaya a kan wannan tambaya ta kasance tsakanin 7-9%.

2) A "Nazarin zamani" tare da bayanan 2010-12 wanda ya tambayi ko maza suna da matsala wajen yin ko kuma su kafa wani gini don tsawon watanni uku ko fiye a bara. ” Wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙididdigar da ke tattare da matsalolin jima'i a cikin 16-21 shekara maza:

  • Rashin sha'awar yin jima'i: 10.5%
  • Matsalar da ta kai ga ƙarshe: 8.3%
  • Difficulty cimma ko riƙe wani tsage: 7.8%

Lehmiller "ya taƙaita" waɗannan binciken don rashin hangen nesa yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ɓatar da su:

“Duk da cewa an tattara wadannan bayanai ne a kasashen Yammacin duniya daban-daban kuma kalma ta banbanta, amma abin birgewa ne yadda irin wadannan alkaluma ke nuna cewa an tattara bayanan ne shekaru 20 a tsakaninsu. Wannan yana nuna cewa wataƙila adadin ED bai hauhawa tsakanin samari ba. ”

Yi haƙuri Justin, amma tambayoyin ba “an ambace su da bambanci”; tambayoyi ne daban daban. Nazarin na 1992 ya tambaya ko a cikin shekarar bara a duk lokacin da kuka sami matsala don kunna shi. Wannan ya hada da lokacin da kuka bugu, rashin lafiya, kawai kuka yi tafiya sau uku a jere, ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayon, komai. Ina mamakin kawai 7-9% ne. Ya bambanta, binciken na 2010 ya tambaya ko kuna da matsalar matsala na dysfunction erectile a tsawon watanni uku ko fiye: wannan ya kasance ne ga 16-21 shekara, ba maza 39 ba kuma a karkashin!

Kamar yadda wani memba a dandalin tattaunawa ya lura, “binciken kimiya” na Justin Lehmiller shine matakin Buzzfeed, ba aikin jarida na kimiyya ba.

Amma zaka iya tambaya: Me ya sa kudaden ED game da 8% a binciken nazarin 2010-2012, duk da haka 14-37% a cikin sauran nazarin na 9 da aka buga tun daga 2010?

  1. Na farko, 8% ba low, kamar yadda hakan zai fassara a karuwar 600% -800% ga maza a karkashin 40.
  2. Na biyu, ba maza a karkashin 40 - 16 zuwa 21 shekara da haihuwa, don haka kusan m daga cikin su ya kamata su kasance masu ƙazantaccen ED. A cikin 1940s, da Kinsey rahoton ya kammala cewa adadin ED shi ne kasa da 1% a cikin matasa matasa fiye da shekaru 30.
  3. Na uku, ba kamar sauran karatun 9 da ke amfani da binciken da ba a san su ba, wannan binciken ya yi amfani da fuska don fuskantar tambayoyin cikin gida. (Abu ne mai yuwuwa cewa samari ba za su iya zuwa gaba ɗaya ba a cikin irin wannan yanayi.)
  4. Nazarin ya tattara bayanai tsakanin watan Agustan, 2010 da Satumba, 2012. Binciken da aka ba da rahoton mai girma a karkashin-25 ED ya fara bayyana a 2011. Nazarin kwanan nan a kan 25 da kuma karkashin rahoton jama'a mafi girma (duba wannan Nazarin 2014 a kan matasan Canada).
  5. Da yawa daga cikin sauran nazarin da aka yi amfani da su IIEF-5 ko IIEF-6, wanda ke tantance matsalolin jima'i a kan sikelin, kamar yadda ya saba da sauki a or babu (a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata) aiki a cikin zaɓin Lehmiller.

Nazari biyu tare da yin amfani da wannan tambaya guda ɗaya: 2001 vs. 2011: Kafin barin wannan batu, zai zama da kyau a duba wasu binciken da ba a iya ganewa ba wanda ya nuna tasiri mai ƙarfi na ED a cikin shekaru goma ta yin amfani da manyan samfurori (wanda ya ƙara ƙaruwa). An auna dukkanin maza ta hanyar amfani da wannan tambaya (yes / no) game da ED, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Nazarin Harkokin Jima'i da Zama (GSSAB), wanda aka gudanar a 13,618 masu aiki da jima'i a cikin kasashe 29. Wannan ya faru a 2001-2002.

Shekaru goma bayan haka, a cikin 2011, ana yin wannan tambayar "matsalolin jima'i" (ee / a'a) daga GSSAB 2,737 jima'i masu aiki da jima'i a Croatia, Norway da Portugal. Ƙungiyar farko, a cikin 2001-2002, sun kasance shekaru 40-80. Ƙungiyar na biyu, a 2011, sune 40 da kuma karkashin.

Bisa ga binciken binciken da aka yi na farko wanda zai yi la'akari da cewa tsofaffi za su sami digiri fiye da na ED fiye da ƙananan maza, waɗanda ƙirar sun kasance ba su da daraja. Ba haka ba. A cikin shekaru goma, abubuwa sun canza radically. A 2001-2002 ED kudade ga maza 40-80 sun kasance game da 13% a Turai. By 2011, ED rates a cikin Turai, shekaru 18-40, ya kasance daga 14-28%!

Menene ya canza a cikin yanayin jima'i na maza a wannan lokacin? Da kyau, manyan canje-canje sun kasance shigarwar intanet da samun damar bidiyo na bidiyo (biyo bayan samun damar yawo da batsa a cikin 2006, sannan wayoyin salula waɗanda za a iya kallon su). A cikin binciken 2011 akan Croatians, Norwegian da Portuguese, Portuguese sun sami mafi ƙarancin adadin ED kuma Norwaywa sun sami mafi girma. A cikin 2013, Intanet shigarwa cikin ƙimar in Portugal were only 67%, compared with 95% in Norway.

A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa marubucin Nicole Farko yana dangantaka ta kusa da masana'antar batsa kuma ya damu da debunking PIED, tunda ya yi za a Yakin yaki na 3 da wannan takarda, yayin tare da cin zarafi da lalata samari waɗanda suka murmure daga lalatawar lalata ta lalata. Duba takardu: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Nuhu Ikilisiya, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10, Alex Rhodes # 11, Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes tare # 12, Alexander Rhodes # 13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem # 4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

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KARANTA #4: Mene ne idan an rubuta cikakken wallafe-wallafe-wallafe-wallafe a cikin takarda?

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Ana gaya wa mutane cewa batsa mai guba ne ga aure kuma cewa kallon shi zai rushe ciwon ku.

Idan ana gaya wa mutane wannan, watakila shi ne saboda kowane binciken da ya shafi namiji ya ruwaito cewa ana amfani da karin amfani da batsa talauci jima'i ko dangantaka gamsuwa. A cikin duka, fiye da karatu 75 sun danganta amfani da batsa don ƙarancin jima'i da gamsuwa ta dangantaka. Daga ƙarshen wannan ƙaddamarwar nazarin na wasu nazarin Abubuwan Ɗaukar Hotuna Kasuwanci da Jin dadi: Meta-Analysis (2017):

Duk da haka, amfani da hotunan batsa tare da ƙananan abubuwan da suka dace a sakamakon abubuwan da suka dace a cikin binciken bincike, binciken bincike na tsawon lokaci, da kuma gwaje-gwaje. Ƙungiyoyi tsakanin amfani da batsa da kuma rage yawan sakamakon gamsuwa tsakanin mutane ba a daidaita su ba saboda shekarar da aka saki su ko kuma matsayinsu.

Game da lalata ciwon jima'i, Hannuwan 37 sun hada da yin amfani da batsa ko jaraba na jima'i ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan ƙazantaka ga matsalolin jima'i. A matsayin misalai mun samar da 5 na nazarin 37 a kasa:

1) Samfurin Gudanar da Dual - Matsayi na hana Jima'i & Jin daɗi A Tashin Jima'i da Zama (2007) - Wannan shi ne bincike na farko game da matsalolin lalata (ta Cibiyar Kinsey). A cikin gwajin yin amfani da daidaitaccen batsa na bidiyo wanda ya “yi aiki” a da, kashi 50% na samari yanzu ba za su iya tada hankali ko cimma burin gina jiki ba tare da batsa (matsakaicin shekaru shine 29). Masu binciken masu gigicewa sun gano cewa rashin lafiyar mutane sun kasance,

dangane da manyan matakan da ke nunawa da kuma kwarewa tare da kayan aiki na jima'i.

Mutanen da ke fama da mummunan aiki sun shafe lokaci da yawa a cikin sanduna da wuraren wanka inda batsa "ko'ina"Da kuma"ci gaba da wasa."Masu binciken sun ce:

Tattaunawar da batutuwa sun karfafa ra'ayinmu cewa a wasu daga cikinsu akwai babban zanewa ga erotica kamar sun haifar da karɓar amsa ga "jima'i na vanilla" erotica da kuma karuwa da buƙatar sabon abu da bambanci, a wasu lokuta haɗe tare da bukatun musamman irin abubuwan da suka faru don samun tasowa.

2) Ƙungiyar Brain da Haɗin Haɗin Haɗakarwa Tare da Kuskuren Ciniki: Brain on Porn (2014) - Nazarin binciken Max Planck na kwakwalwa wanda ya samo mahimmancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar. Hakanan ya gano cewa mafi yawan batsa yana cinye ɗan gajeren aikin zagayowar sakamako sakamakon ɗan gajeren lokaci (.3 na biyu) zuwa batirin vanilla. Jagoran marubuci Simone Kühn yayi sharhi a cikin sanarwar Max Planck:

"Mun ɗauka cewa batutuwa masu amfani da batsa na amfani da batsa suna buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa don karɓar adadin lada. Hakan na iya nufin amfani da batsa na yau da kullun fiye da weasa yana lalata tsarin ladaran ku. Wannan zai dace daidai da tunanin cewa tsarin aikinsu yana buƙatar haɓakawa. ”

3) Matasa da kuma labaran yanar gizo: sabon yanayi na jima'i (2015) - Wannan binciken na Italiyanci yayi nazarin tasirin batsa na intanet akan tsofaffi na makarantar sakandare, wanda masanin ilimin urology ya wallafa shi Carlo Foresta, shugaban} asashen Italiyanci na Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Kasuwanci. Binciken mafi ban sha'awa shi ne, 16% na wadanda ke cin batsa fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin mako suna nuna rashin sha'awar jima'i maras kyau, idan aka kwatanta da 0% a cikin wadanda basu da amfani - wanda shine ainihin abin da za ku yi tsammani ga mutanen 18 shekara.

4) Misali na Abubuwan Tawali'u ta Irin Abun Husacin Abubuwan Hudu: A Gwargwadon Magana na Mahimmanci na 115 Tsarin Kwararrun Matasa (2015) - Nazarin kan maza (matsakaicin shekaru 41.5) tare da rikicewar liwadi, kamar paraphilias, ciwan al'aura ko kuma zina. 27 daga cikin maza an lasafta su a matsayin "masu nishadantar da al'aura," ma'ana sun taba al'aura don yin batsa na sa'a ɗaya ko fiye a kowace rana, ko fiye da sa'o'i 7 a mako. Sakamakon: 71% na mutanen da suka sabawa al'ada don batsa sun ba da rahoton matsalolin aiki na jima'i, tare da rahoton 33% na jinkirta haɗuwa (sau da yawa takaddama ga batsa ta lalata ED).

5) "Ina tsammanin wannan tasiri ne a cikin hanyoyi da yawa amma a lokaci guda ba zan iya dakatar da yin amfani da shi ba": Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa da batsa tsakanin samfurin matasa na Australia (2017) - Binciken kan layi na Australiya, shekarun 15-29. Waɗanda suka taɓa kallon hotunan batsa (n = 856) an yi musu tambaya mai ƙarewa: 'Ta yaya batsa ta shafi rayuwarku?'

“Daga cikin mahalarta wadanda suka amsa tambaya a bude (n = 718), amfani da matsala an gano shi ta hanyar masu amsa 88. Mahalarta maza da suka ba da rahoton matsala ta amfani da batsa ya ba da haske game da abubuwa uku: a kan batun jima'i, ɗabi'a da dangantaka.

Maganar wannan sashe, maimaitawa a cikin labarin, shine Prause / Klein / Kohut yana yin furuci amma duk da haka ba a san shi ba a fuskar fuskokin da ke nuna damuwa.

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KARANTA #5: Wani darasi akan yadda za a sarrafa bayanai da kuma rufe abubuwan binciken

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Abin mamaki shine, na farko, na nazarin jarrabawa game da jima'i, na fim ne, kawai kamar yadda aka buga a 2017 a Australia. Wannan binciken ya gano cewa kashi 84 na maza da 54 kashi dari na mata sun taɓa kallon kayan jima'i. Yawanci, 3.69 bisa dari na maza (144 na 3,923) da kuma 0.65 bisa dari na mata (28 na 4,218) a cikin binciken sun yi imanin cewa sun kasance "lalata" ga batsa, kuma rabin ragamar sun ruwaito cewa yin amfani da batsa yana da tasiri a kan su rayuwar.

Tare da mai binciken batsa Alan McKee a matsayin marubucin binciken da aka ambata a nan ba abin mamaki bane yayin da aka binne taken a cikin teburin binciken, yayin da wayayyun kalmomin da aka zana suka bar mai karatu tare da tunanin cewa kawai karamin kaso na masu amfani da batsa sun yarda da batsa yana da mummunan sakamako. McKee yana da tarihin kare batsa. Ya rubuta "Hotunan Porn", wanda wani bincike na ABC ya ce shi ne "a kan manufa na akida don samar da wani abu da aka yi wa masana'antun jima'i".

A gaskiya, ABC ya bayyana cewa: "Kwamitin Binciken Ostiraliya ya ɗauki nauyin wannan littafin ne daga 2002 zuwa 2004, kuma an gudanar da shi a cikin haɗin tare da, tare da goyon baya daga, mafi girma na kungiyar Australian sex industry, Ƙungiyar Eros, tare da kamfanoni na hotuna irin su Gidan Nishaɗi da Ayyukan Axis"(Girmamawa bayar)

To, me aka gano mahimman bayanai a binciken Nazarin Australia? 17% na maza da mata Anan 16-30 ne ya ruwaito cewa yin amfani da batsa yana da mummunan sakamako a kansu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bayanan shekarun 6 ne (2012), kuma tambayoyin suna dogara ne akan tsinkayen kai. Ka tuna cewa masu sa maye ba safai suke ganin kansu kamar masu kamu ba. A gaskiya ma, yawancin masu amfani da batsa na intanet ba su da haɗuwa da bayyanar cututtuka don amfani da batsa sai dai idan sun bar wani dogon lokaci. Ga hoton Table 5 (sakamako):

Yaya bambanci da wadannan batutuwa daga wannan binciken sun kasance idan masu marubuta sun jaddada muhimmancin binciken su Kusan 1 cikin 5 matasa sun yi imanin cewa yin amfani da batsa yana da “mummunar tasiri a kansu”? Me yasa suka yi ƙoƙari su raina wannan binciken ta hanyar watsi da shi da kuma mai da hankali kan sakamakon ɓangaren ɓangare - maimakon rukunin dubunnan waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin matsalolin intanet?

Ga wadansu dalilai masu yawa don ɗaukar darussan tare da hatsin gishiri:

  1. Wannan wani bincike ne na wakilci wanda ke nuna yawan shekarun shekaru 16-69, maza da mata. An tabbatar da cewa samari ne masu amfani da intanet. Saboda haka, 25% na maza da 60% na mata ba su kalli batsa akalla sau ɗaya a cikin watanni 12 na karshe ba. Ta haka ne kididdigar ta tattara ta rage matsalar ta hanyar yin amfani da masu amfani da haɗari.
  2. Tambayar guda ɗaya, wacce ta tambayi mahalarta idan sun yi amfani da batsa a cikin watanni 12 na ƙarshe, ba ya maimaita ma'anar amfani da batsa. Misali, mutumin da yaci karo da shafin yanar gizo na batsa an hada shi da wani wanda yake taba al'aura sau 3 a rana don yin batsa mai wuya.
  3. Duk da haka, a lokacin da binciken yayi tambaya ga wadanda "sun taba kallon batsa" wadanda suka kalli batsa a cikin shekara ta gabata, mafi girman yawan shine matasa rukuni. 93.4% daga cikinsu sun kalli a cikin bara, tare da 20-29 shekarun da ke bayan su a 88.6.
  4. An tattara bayanai tsakanin Oktoba 2012 da Nuwamba 2013. Abubuwa sun canza sosai a cikin shekaru 4 da suka gabata saboda wayar salula ta zamani - musamman a cikin ƙananan masu amfani.
  5. An tambayi tambayoyi a cikin taimakon kwamfuta tarho tambayoyi. Halin mutum ne ya zama mai zuwa a cikin tambayoyin da ba a san su ba, musamman ma lokacin da tambayoyin suke game da batutuwa masu mahimmanci irin su amfani da batsa da matsalolin batsa.
  6. Tambayoyin sun dogara ne akan fahimtar kansu. Ka tuna cewa addicts suna ganin kansu a matsayin mai kamu. A gaskiya ma, yawancin masu amfani da labaran Intanet suna da wuya su haɗa su bayyanar cututtuka don amfani da batsa har sai sun fara barin wani lokaci mai tsawo.
  7. Nazarin bai yi amfani da takaddun tambayoyin da aka tsara ba (wanda aka bayar ba a sani ba), wanda zai fi dacewa ya tantance duka jarabar batsa da tasirin batsa akan masu amfani.

Mene ne bayanai daga binciken kwanan nan inda dukan masu halartar kallon bidiyo na gangan a kalla sau ɗaya a karshe, suna cewa, watanni 3-6, ko ma a bara?

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KARANTA #6: Nazarin ya nuna cewa yaudarar ruɗi yana yaduwa cikin Kanada

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Abin sha'awa, ko da daga cikin 'yan tsirarun masu amfani da suka yi imani da cewa suna "lalata" ga batsa, lalatawa na iya zama marar kuskure: A binciken bayan mutane a cikin lokaci sun gano cewa 100 bisa dari na mata da 95 bisa dari na maza da ke damuwa game da halin jima'i na yau da kullum (kuma ba a tantance su a asibiti ba) ba a sake ganin cewa sun kasance da jima'i ba a cikin shekaru biyar ba tare da wani sa hannun rubutu ba.

Na farko da: Sabanin abinda ya faru, binciken Kanada ya yi ba tambayi mahalarta idan "sun yarda kansu da jaraba ne." Madadin haka, sau ɗaya a shekara (2006 zuwa 2011) an tambayi mahalarta "ko yawan sa hannu a cikin halayyar ya haifar musu da manyan matsaloli a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata". Halayen guda shida sune: motsa jiki, sayayya, tattaunawar kan layi, wasan bidiyo, cin abinci ko halayen jima'i. Bayanin Slate yana nufin yawan mahalarta waɗanda sukayi tunanin suna da matsala mai mahimmanci a cikin ALL 5 shekaru.

Na biyu zangon: Sabanin maganganun duk matsalolin jima'i da aka haɗu da su sun kasance a cikin kashi ɗaya - kamar yadda ICD-11 ya yi tare da CSBD. Babu "gafara daga buri" saboda babu wanda aka tambaye shi idan sun yarda da kansu su zama batsa ga batsa.

Na uku ya juya: Sabanin yunkuri, matsalolin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen sune mafi matsala da matsala, wanda yake da kyau yayin da aka tabbatar da cewa saboda yawancin libido sunyi fada da shekaru. Musamman daga binciken:

Bayananmu sun nuna cewa a mafi yawan lokuta sharuɗan rikitattun labarun da aka ruwaito sun kasance ba da jimawa ba (Table 3). A cikin adadin masu amsa suna bayar da rahoton halayyar matsalar matsala, yawancin mahalarta sun bada rahoton yadda aka ba da hauka fiye da sau ɗaya a lokacin nazarin shekaru na 5. Hatta mawuyacin matsalar matsala (yawancin halayen halayya) an ruwaito shi kawai sau biyar ne kawai ta hanyar 5.4% na maza waɗanda suka bayar da rahoton cewa suna da matsala tare da wannan matsalar.

Binciken ya nuna cewa mutane da yawa suna da matsala fiye da gane cewa suna da matsala: A cikin bayyanannen misali na yaudarar kai 38 ne kawai daga cikin mahalarta 4,121 suka yi tunanin cewa suna da matsala game da cin abinci (amsa 'Ee' a cikin 4 cikin shekaru 5). Watau, kasa da 1% na Canadians sun yi imanin cewa abincin su yana haifar da matsalolin su ko kuma sun lalace. Ta yaya wannan zai kasance lokacin 30% na ƙananan jama'ar Canada sunyi girma, yayin da sauran 43% sune nauyi? Kada mu manta da sauran 27% na Kanada wadanda ba su da kisa ba, duk da haka suna iya magance matsalar cin nama, irin su anorexia nervosa ko bulimia.

Ta yaya fiye da 99% na Canadians sunyi imanin cewa abincin su ba shi da damuwa, yayin da yawancin su suna fuskantar matsala? Kuma menene ainihin binciken ya gaya mana game da irin wannan binciken? Wataƙila ba wai mutane ba suna da matsala a cikin halayen matsala, ko kuma halin da ke cikin rikicewa ya ɓace. Watakila, yana bayyana abin da ake yarda da shi: mu mutane muna da kyau a kwance a kanmu.

Nazarin 2018 a kan zane-zane akan labaran yanar gizo ya nuna matakai masu yawa na wannan ruɗɗen ruɗɗen irin wannan. 44% na 'yan wasan da suka hadu da ka'idojin jaraba sunyi tunanin basu da matsala:  Rashin jituwa tsakanin rahoton kai da kuma ganewar asibiti na rikitarwa ta yanar gizo a matasa.

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KARANTA #7: "Babu wani binciken da aka sake nazarin ɗan uwanmu da ke goyan bayan da'awarmu, don haka zan kawo labarin da ba a duba ɗan takaranmu… a Yaren mutanen Holland"

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Amma lallai fina-finan jima'i ba daidai ba ne ga dangantaka? A cikin wakilin {asar Holland, a cikin} asashen waje, kallon fina-finan jima'i ba tare da dangantaka da matsalolin jima'i ba.

A wurare da yawa Prause / Klein / Kohut suna amfani da dabaru daban-daban don shawo kan mai karatu cewa yin amfani da batsa ba shi da wani tasiri na dangantaka mai kyau. Dole ne su kasance suna amfani da dabarun siyasa na gaske don “afkawa abokan hamayyar ku karfi,” amma ba zai yi aiki ba. Sau da yawa za mu ambata halin da ake ciki yanzu na wallafe-wallafen nazari da kuma bayyana ƙaramar damfararsu. A cikin wannan bayanin da ke nuna cewa batsa ba "mummunan dangantaka bane" sun faɗi kawai labarin guda ɗaya, a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda ba a sake duba ɗan uwansa.

Idan suna da nazarin nazari na matasa don tallafawa shaidar cewa yin amfani da batsa ba shi da wani tasiri na dangantaka, sun kasance sun ambata shi. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, a kan Hannuwan 75 sun hada da yin amfani da batsa don rashin jima'i da dangantaka. Kamar yadda muka sani duk binciken da ya shafi maza (wanda shine yawancin karatu) sun bayar da rahoton karin amfani da batsa da talauci jima'i ko dangantaka gamsuwa. Yayin da ɗimbin littattafan da aka wallafa ya haɗu da mafi yawan batsa a cikin mata don samun daidaitattun jima'i (ko mafi alhẽri), mafi yawancin basu da. Duba wannan jerin Binciken 35 da ke kunshe da labarun mata da ke ba da rahoton abubuwan da ke mummunar tasiri game da jin dadi, jima'i da jima'i.

Lokacin kimanta bincike, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa matan da suke a kai a kai yin amfani da batsa na intanit (kuma zai iya yin rahoto kan abubuwan da ya faru) ya zama ƙananan ƙananan yawan masu amfani da batsa. Manya manyan bayanai na kasa ba su da yawa, amma Janar Social Survey ya ruwaito hakan kawai 2.6% na dukan matan Amurka sun ziyarci "shafin yanar gizon batsa" a watan jiya. An tambayi tambaya kawai a cikin 2002 da 2004 (duba Batsa da Zama, 2014). Tabbatar, yin amfani da batsa ta hanyar ƙananan mata na iya karuwa tun daga 2004. Duk da haka, duk da haka, binciken da ake bayar da rahoton cewa karin amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da samun gamsuwa mafi yawa a cikin mata suna magana akan ƙananan yawan mata (watakila kawai 1-2% na yawan mata). Alal misali, a kasa shi ne hoton daga wasu ƙananan bincike don bayar da rahoton cewa karin amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da samun gamsuwa ga mata.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa "Cikakke" yana nufin maza da mata a hade. Tunda layukan "Cikakken" da "Maza" sun kusan kamanceceniya, wannan yana gaya mana cewa kusan dukkanin masu yawan amfani da batsa a ƙarshen maza ne. A takaice dai matan da suke amfani da sau 2-3 a wata ko kuma wataƙila sun ƙunshi 1-2% na duka mata. Wannan zai daidaita tare da binciken wakilin kasa na 2004 wanda aka ambata a sama inda kawai 2.4% na mata suka ziyarci shafin batsa a cikin watan da ya gabata.

klein

Wannan ya haifar da tambayoyin da ba a amsa ba: Waɗanne halaye ne 1% -2% na masu amfani da batsa na mata ke haifar da amfani mafi girma, duk da haka mafi girma gamsuwa? Suna cikin BDSM ko wasu kinks? Shin suna cikin dangantakar polyamorous? Shin wadannan matan suna da kyawawan halayen ko kuma suna yin jaraba? Kowace dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da batsa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan mata, shin wannan yana gaya mana wani abu game da tasirin batsa na yau da kullum a kan sauran 98-99% na matan aure?

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KARANTA #8: Nazarin 3 da aka ambata ba su goyan bayan da'awar da ake yi ba

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Haka zalika za a iya kwarewa daga binciken bincike-bincike da kyau, wanda ya gano cewa mutanen da ke damuwa game da yawan jima'i na fina-finai suna kallo kar a gwagwarmaya tare da da ka'idojin jima'i ko kuma tare da aikinsu na aiki.

Hanyoyin da aka samo a sama zuwa binciken uku da ba su goyan bayan da'awar ba (2 na nazarin 3 ne ta Prause). Irin wannan takardun 3 da kuma irin wannan ikirarin 2 an sake amfani dasu daga littafin Prause's 2016 (wanda aka yi wa bashi a nan: Kaddamar da: Harafi ga edita "Yi amfani da al al. (2015) mafi kuskuren jaraba da tsinkaya ").

Nazarin Na Biyu Na Biyu: Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 da kuma Moholy, Yin wasa, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015

Zamu fara ne da karatuttukan farko guda 2 wadanda aka kawo sunayensu don tallafawa maganar cewa, “mutanen da suka damu game da yadda suke kallon fina-finan jima'i-fina-finai kar a gwagwarmaya tare da tsari na sha'awar jima'i. "

Nazarin 2 bai tantance ba idan masu amfani da batsa suna da matsala wajen sarrafa amfani da batsa - kamar yadda fassarar ƙarya ke nunawa. Madadin haka, karatun biyu suna da batutuwa suna kallon ɗan batsa, suna koya musu su ƙoƙari su rage sha'awar jima'i. Karatuttukan da aka kwatanta da darasin darussan kan a jima'i jima'i gwada tare da ikon batutuwa don sarrafa sha'awar jima'i yayin kallon ɗan gajeren gajeren fim na vanilla. Sakamakon duka karatun ya kasance a duk wurin, ba tare da cikakkiyar alaƙa tsakanin gwajin jarabar jima'i da ikon hana motsin mutum ba.

Tabbatar da Jawabin / Klein / Kohut shine cewa batutuwa da suka fi cin nasara akan gwajin jaraba da jima'i yakamata su sami mafi ƙarancin iko akan sarrafa sha'awar su. Tun da yake babu cikakkiyar hulɗar da aka yanke a cikin karatun 2 to "dole ne jarabar batsa ta wanzu." Ga dalilin da yasa wannan maganar banza ce:

1) Kamar yadda aka bayyana, binciken bai yi la'akari da "ikon yin amfani da batsa ba duk da mawuyacin sakamako," kawai a cikin littafi tare da wasu bakar baki a cikin fararen tufafin da ke damuwa.

2) Karatun ba su tantance ko wane mahalarta ba ne ko kuma ba "'yan batsa bane" - kamar yadda masu binciken suka yi amfani da tambayoyin "jarabar jima'i" kawai. Misali, Nazarin Prause ya dogara da CBSOB, wanda ba shi da tambayoyi game da amfani da batsa na intanet. Abin tambaya kawai game da "ayyukan jima'i," ko kuma idan batutuwa suna damuwa game da ayyukansu (misali, "Ina damuwa ina da ciki," "Na ba wani HIV," "Na sami matsalolin kuɗi"). Don haka duk wani haɗin kai tsakanin maki akan CBSOB da ikon iya tsara motsawa basu da mahimmanci don amfani da batsa ta intanet.

3) Mafi mahimmanci: Kodayake babu wani binciken da aka gano wanda mahalarta suka kasance masu lalata batsa, Prause / Klein / Kohut suna da'awar cewa ainihin "masu lalata batsa" ya zama m iya sarrafa sha'awar jima'i yayin kallon batsa. Amma duk da haka me yasa zasuyi tunanin masu yin lalata da batsa su kasance da “ƙyamar sha'awar 'lokacin Yi amfani da al al., 2015 ya ruwaito cewa mafi yawan batsa masu amfani da Kadan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kunna batir din vanilla fiye da yadda yake sarrafawa? (Ba zato ba tsammani, wani nazarin EEG Hakazalika sun gano cewa yin amfani da batsa mafi girma a cikin mata Kadan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarwa zuwa batsa.) Sakamako na Yi amfani da al al. 2015 daidaita da Kühn & Gallinat (2014), wanda ya gano cewa ana amfani da karin batsa tare da Kadan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar mayar da martani ga hotuna na vanilla batsa, tare da Banca et al. 2015, wanda ya samo hankalin da ya fi dacewa da hotunan jima'i a zinare.

Baƙon abu ba ne ga masu amfani da batsa sau da yawa don haɓaka haƙuri, wanda shine buƙatar haɓaka mafi girma don cimma daidaitattun matakin. Batirin Vanilla na iya zama m. Irin wannan lamari yana faruwa a cikin masu cin zarafin abubuwa waɗanda ke buƙatar mafi girma “hits” don cimma nasara iri ɗaya. Tare da masu amfani da batsa, ana samun nasara mafi girma ta hanyar haɓaka zuwa sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan batsa. A binciken da aka yi kwanan nan cewa irin wannan cigaba yana da mahimmanci a masu amfani da batsa na yau da kullum. 49% daga cikin mutanen da aka bincika sun duba batsa cewa "bai kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare su ba ko kuma suna ganin kyama. ” A zahiri, m karatu sun bayar da rahoto game da daidaitattun al'adu ko haɓakawa a cikin masu amfani da batsa sau da yawa - tasirin ya dace da tsarin jaraba.

Mahimmin bayani: Dukkanin marubutan suna da'awa ne a kan hasashen da ba a tallatawa ba cewa “masu lalata batsa” kamata kwarewa mafi girman jima'i zuwa batutuwa na hotuna na vanilla, kuma ta haka ne kasa da ikon sarrafa su arousal. Duk da haka, zancen cewa masu amfani da batsa masu tasowa za su fuskanci kullun ga batir din vanilla kuma mafi yawan sha'awar jima'i akai akai an karyata su ta hanyoyi da yawa na bincike:

  1. Aikin nazarin 25 ƙaryata da'awar cewa jima'i da batsa addicts "suna da babban sha'awar jima'i."
  2. Aikin nazarin 35 yin amfani da batsa ta yin amfani da ƙananan jima'i ko jima'i tare da abokan jima'i.
  3. A cikin hanyar nazarin 75 amfani da batsa tare da ƙananan jima'i da dangantaka da gamsuwa.

Mai dacewa: A cikin wani misali na nuna son kai a cikin tsari, Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa sakamakonta na 2015 na ƙara ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sakamakon martani ga batirin vanilla ya cika “dabarun batsa. " Takardun tara-10 na bita da Sallah. Duk sun fadi hakan Yi amfani da al al., 2015 hakika an sami lalacewa / haɓakawa a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu yawa (abin da yake daidai da tsarin jaraba): Binciken da aka yi wa matasa Yi amfani da al al., 2015

Nazarin Na Uku (Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015):

An gabatar da wata takarda guda ɗaya, wacce Nicole Prause ta wallafa, don tallafawa da'awar cewa amfani da batsa ba shi da wani tasiri kan aikin jima'i (“… ..ko kuma tare da aikinsu na aiki.") Kafin muyi magana da wannan takarda mai tsananin suka (Yi Amfani & Pfaus), bari mu sake nazarin shaidun don tallafawa lalatawar lalata.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Sakamakon #3 a sama, tara bincike da aka wallafa tun lokacin da 2010 ya nuna wani babban tasowa a cikin dysfunction erectile. Wannan shi ne da aka rubuta a wannan labarin kuma a cikin wannan takarda da aka jarraba takarda wanda ya shafi likitoci Navy na NNUMX US: Shin Intanit Intanit yana haifar da Dysfunctions? A Review tare da Clinical Reports (2016). Kafin ƙananan nauyin 2001 na rashin daidaituwa ga maza a karkashin 40 sun kewaye 2-3%. Tunda 2010 ED darajar ke fitowa daga 14% zuwa 37%, yayin da farashin low libido ya kasance daga 16% zuwa 37%. Baya ga zuwan batsa mai haɗari babu wani matsala da ke da alaka da ƙwararrun matasa ED ya canza a cikin shekaru 10-20 na ƙarshe.

Sanya kwanan nan a cikin matsalolin jima'i ya dace daidai da labarun Nazarin 28 da ake danganta yin amfani da batsa da "jaraba na zina" ga matsalolin jima'i da kuma ƙananan ƙananan hankulan su. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Nazarin 5 na farko a cikin jerin ya nuna lalacewa, yayin da masu halartar taron suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa kuma sun warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum. Ga wasu dalilai masu ban mamaki Slate labarin ya kasa yin la'akari da waɗannan nazarin 26.

Baya ga karatun da aka lissafa, wannan shafin yana dauke da abubuwa da bidiyo ta hanyar masana 130 (likitocin urology, urologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, MDs) wanda ya amince da, kuma sun samu nasarar bi da, ED-jawo hankalin daji da kuma ɓatacciyar lalata da sha'awar jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, dubban duban samari sun bayar da rahoton magance rashin cin zarafin jima'i ta hanyar cire wani abu mai ma'ana: batsa. (Dubi waɗannan shafuka don 'yan dubban irin wadannan labarun sake dawowa: Sake dawo da asusun 1, Sake dawo da asusun 2, Ana sake dawo da Asusun 3, Rahotanni na Bugawa na Bugawa.)

Yi Amfani & Pfaus bai tallafa wa da'awarsa ba: Ina bayar da cikakken sharuddan da Richard Isenberg, MD, da kuma sharuddan da aka yi, ya biyo baya, kuma na biyo bayan maganganun da maganganun da Dokta Isenberg ya yi:

Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 ba bincike akan maza da ED ba. Ba binciken ba ne. Maimakon haka, Prause ta yi iƙirarin sun tattara bayanai daga hudu na karatunta na farko, babu wanda ya magance matsalar rashin lafiya. Abin takaici ne cewa Nicole Prause da takardun nan da Jim Pfaus sun yi nazarin jarrabawa kamar yadda bayanai a cikin takarda ba su dace da bayanan da ke cikin shafuka hudu da aka rubuta takarda ba. Rashin ƙyama ba ƙananan rabuwa ba ne, amma ramukan raƙatawa waɗanda ba za a iya shiga ba. Bugu da ƙari, takarda ya ba da dama da'awar cewa ƙarya ne ko ba'a tallafa musu da bayanai.

Zamu fara ne da shaidar da Nicole Prause da Jim Pfaus suka yi. Yawancin 'yan jarida game da wannan binciken sunyi iƙirarin amfani da batsa m gyare-gyare, duk da haka wannan ba abin da aka samu takarda ba. A cikin tambayoyin da aka yi rikodin, duka Nicole Prause da Jim Pfaus sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun ƙaddamar da tsaiko a cikin lab, kuma mutanen da suka yi amfani da batsa sun fi dacewa. A cikin Jim Pfaus TV hira Pfaus ya ce:

Mun dubi yadda aka haɓaka ikon su don samun tsararren a cikin lab.

Mun sami daidaitattun linzami tare da adadin batsa da suka kalli a gida, kuma latencies wanda alal misali sun samo tsagewa ne sauri.

In wannan hira da rediyon Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa an auna abubuwa da yawa a cikin lab. Gaskiyar taken daga show:

Yawancin mutane suna kallon erotica a gida suna da karfi da martani a cikin lab, ba a rage ba.

Duk da haka wannan takarda ba ta tantance darajar gyare-gyare ba a cikin layi ko kuma "gudun haɓaka." Rubutun kawai da'awa sun tambayi mutane su ba da labarin "arousal" bayan kallon bidiyo a takaice (kuma ba a bayyana ba daga takardun shaidar cewa wannan rahoto mai sauƙi ne wanda aka tambayi duk batutuwa). A kowane hali, wani bayani daga takarda kanta ya yarda cewa:

Babu wani bayanan maganin jinin jiki wanda aka hade don tallafawa kwarewa ta mutum "

A wasu kalmomi, babu gwajin da aka gwada ko kuma auna a cikin lab, wanda ke nufin cewa babu irin waɗannan bayanan da aka ƙaddamar da su.

A cikin ikirarin da ba a yi ba, wanda ya rubuta marubuci Nicole Prause tweeted sau da yawa game da binciken, bari duniya ta san cewa batutuwa na 280 sun shiga, kuma suna da "babu matsala a gida." Duk da haka, binciken hudu da ke dauke da nau'o'in 234 kawai, don haka "280" yana da hanya.

Kashi na uku wanda ba'a da'awa: Dokta Isenberg ta Edita zuwa Editan (wanda ya danganta da sama), wanda ya haifar da damuwa da yawa da ke nuna alamun da ke cikin Yi Amfani & Pfaus , mamaki yadda zai iya yiwuwa Yi Amfani & Pfaus don yin la'akari da matakan daban-daban 'matakan da suka dace lokacin da uku daban-daban iri-iri na jima'i sunyi amfani da su a cikin nazarin binciken na 4. Ɗauki biyu sunyi amfani da finafinan 3-minti daya, binciken daya ya yi amfani da finafinan 20-na biyu, kuma binciken daya ya yi amfani da hotuna. An tabbatar da hakan fina-finai sun fi tasiri fiye da hotuna, sabili da haka babu 'yan bincike masu bincike da za su iya haɗaka waɗannan batutuwa tare da yin ikirarin game da martani. Mene ne abin mamaki shine a cikin marubutan su Prause da Pfaus ba su da tabbacin cewa duk nazarin 4 yayi amfani da fina-finan jima'i:

"VSS da aka gabatar a cikin binciken shine duk fina-finai."

Wannan sanarwa ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin littattafai mai zurfi na Prause. Wannan shi ne dalili na farko da ya sa Prause da Pfaus ba zasu iya iƙirarin cewa takardun su an tantance su ba. "Dole ne ku yi amfani da wannan motsi don kowane batun don kwatanta dukan batutuwa.

Wani bincike na hudu wanda ba a yi la'akari da shi ba: Dr. Isenberg ya tambayi yadda Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 zai iya kwatanta matakan daban-daban 'matakan tsokanar lokacin lokacin kawai 1 na nazarin 4 mai zurfi da aka yi amfani dasu 1 zuwa 9 sikelin. Ɗaya ya yi amfani da 0 zuwa sikelin 7, wanda yayi amfani da 1 zuwa sikelin 7, kuma ɗayan binciken bai bayar da rahoton arousal mata ba. Har ila yau, Prause da Pfaus ba za su iya cewa:

"An tambayi maza don nuna matsayin su na" jima'i "daga 1" ba komai ba "zuwa 9" musamman. "

Wannan sanarwa, ma, ƙarya ne, kamar yadda takardun shaida suke nunawa. Wannan shine dalili na biyu dalilin da ya sa Prause da Pfaus ba zasu iya iƙirarin cewa takardun su na nazari akan "arousal" a cikin maza. Dole ne nazarin ya yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'auni guda ɗaya don kowanne batun don kwatanta sakamakon 'yan jarida. A taƙaice, dukkanin labaran da aka yi da Jirgin da aka yi da kuma ikirarin game da batsa suna amfani da gyaran kayan aiki ko tsinkaye, ko wani abu, su ne ba tare da yada bincikenta ba.

Har ila yau, Mawallafin Magana da Pfaus sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba su sami dangantaka tsakanin matsakaicin aiki da kuma adadin batsa da aka gani a cikin watan da ya gabata. Kamar yadda Dokta Isenberg ya nuna:

Har ma fiye da damuwa shine jimillar binciken bincike na lissafi don aikin ma'auni na aiki. Babu wani sakamako na lissafi da aka bayar. Maimakon haka mawallafin sun tambayi mai karatu suyi imani kawai da sanannun sanarwa cewa babu wata dangantaka tsakanin sa'o'i na batsa da ke kallo da aikin aiki. Bisa ga maƙasudin mawallafin marubuta cewa aiki mai mahimmanci tare da abokin tarayya zai iya ingantawa ta hanyar kallon batsa batutuwan rashin bincike na lissafi ba shi da laifi.

Kamar yadda ya sabawa lokacin da aka wallafa wata wasika da ta shafi nazarin, ana ba da marubuta na masu nazari don amsawa. Yi amfani da amsa mai ƙyama da ake kira "Red Herring: Hook, Line, da Stinker"Ba wai kawai ya fita daga wuraren Isenberg ba (kuma Gabe Deem's), yana dauke da dama sabon kuskuren da kuma wasu maganganun karya na gaskiya. A gaskiya ma, martani na amsawa ya fi kadan da hayaki, madubai, zalunci maras tushe, da ƙarya. Wannan sanarwa mai kyau na Gabe Deem ya nuna furucin Prause da Pfaus game da abin da yake: Bayani game da Prause & Pfaus amsa zuwa wasikar Richard Isenberg.

Takaitaccen: Maganar 2 da Klein / Kohut / Prause suka yi ta kasancewa ba tare da dasu ba:

  1. Yi Amfani & Pfaus ya kasa samar da bayanai don ainihin iƙirarin cewa yin amfani da batsa ba shi da alaƙa da ƙididdiga a kan tambayoyin mai tsara (IIEF).
  2. Yi amfani & Pfaus sun kasa bayyana yadda marubutan su zasu iya tantance “ƙyashi” lokacin da binciken da aka gabatar na 4 yayi amfani da abubuwa daban daban (har yanzu hotuna vs. fina-finai), kuma basa amfani da sikeli ko ma'aunin lamba daban (1-7, 1-9, 0 -7, babu sikelin).

Idan Amsa da Pfaus suna da amsoshin tambayoyin da suka gabata, da sun sanya su cikin amsawarsu ga Dokta Isenberg. Ba su.

A ƙarshe, Jim Pfaus yana cikin kwamiti na editan Littafin Journal of Sexual Medicinee da kuma ciyarwa babba kokarin kai hare hare manufar zubar da halayen jima'i a cikin lalata. Co-marubucin Nicole Farko An damu da bambance-bambance na PIED, bayan ya yi aiki Yakin yaki na 3 da wannan takarda, yayin da kuma tursasawa da cin mutuncin samari waɗanda suka murmure daga lalatawar batsa. Duba takardun: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Nuhu Ikilisiya, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10,  Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes tare, Alexander Rhodes # 11, Alexander Rhodes #12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14.

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KARANTA #9: Lokacin da aka fuskanci daruruwan binciken da ake danganta yin amfani da batsa don magance mummunan sakamako kamar yadda aka yi "ihuwa ba ƙari ba ne"

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Duk da haka, babban matsalar da wannan yanki na bincike shine cewa mafi yawan yawan karatun suna da ma'ana, suna ma'ana kawai suna tambayar rayuwarka kamar yadda yake a yanzu. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za su iya nuna halin da ake ciki ba. Ka tuna da tsohuwar ka'idar "ba daidai ba ne" daga ilimin kimiyya? Idan aurenku ba ya da kyau ko kuka daina kasancewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yana da kyau idan wani a cikin wannan dangantaka ya zamanto al'amuran da zai sa su yi sha'awar jima'i.

translation: “Kuna samun bacci sosai, very idanunku suna yin nauyi… komai karatun da 58 game da alakar amfani da batsa ya bayyana, hakika al'aura ne…. Yanzu kuna bacci… bazai zama batsa ba… .porn yana muku kyau…. dole ne al'aura ne…. Yi barci mai zurfi, barci mai zurfi. "

Kamar yadda aka ambata a karkashin kariyar #14, dabarun da aka yi ta Prause da David Ley ya zama zargi masturbation saboda matsaloli masu yawa da suka danganci amfani da batsa. A nan kuma a cikin #14 a ƙasa, Kalmomin / Klein / Kohut karba wannan ma'anar zance kuma yayi ƙoƙarin zargi taba al'ada don sakamakon daga a kan nazarin 60 da ke haɗar yin amfani da batsa don rashin jima'i da dangantaka. Bayan da Prause da Ley suka gina "batsa ba shine matsala ba" dabarar da za a bayyana magunguna na ED a cikin wasu samari masu lafiya, kullun, Jim Pfaus, akai-akai sun tabbatar da cewa falsafancin ED shine labari, kuma Bayanin lokaci na baya-bayan-lokaci sune real Dalilin waɗannan samari na ED. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da gaskiyar cewa yana daukan 6-24 watanni babu batsa don sake dawo da kayan aiki, Pfaus yayi shiru. Wannan kenan wasu “Lokacin tsayayya,” eh? (Dubi wannan labarin yana fallasa yakin “laifin su face komai”: Masu jima'i sun ki amincewa da lalata ta hanyar ED ta hanyar iƙirarin al'aura shine matsalar (2016).)

Har zuwa "daidaitawa ba daidai ba ne" mantra cewa duk wani 7th grader na iya karantawa. Lokacin da aka fuskanta da ɗaruruwan karatun da ke danganta amfani da batsa zuwa sakamako mara kyau, wata dabara ta yau da kullun ta hanyar pro-batsa PhDs ita ce da'awar cewa "ba a nuna wani dalili ba." Gaskiyar ita ce idan ya zo ga ilimin halayyar mutum da na likitanci, bincike kadan ne ya bayyana lalacewa kai tsaye. Alal misali, duk binciken da ke tsakanin zumuntar ciwon huhu da taba shan taba a cikin mutane ya kasance daidai. Amma duk da haka sharaɗi da sakamako sun bayyana ga kowa amma ƙofar taba.

Don dalilai na al'ada, yawancin masu bincike sun hana yin gini gwaji samfurori na bincike wanda zai bayyana ainihin ko batsa Sanadin wasu harms. Saboda haka, suna amfani daidaitawa samfurori. Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da aka tattara wani muhimmin nazarin hulɗar juna a kowane yanki na bincike, akwai batun da za a iya nuna shaidar jikin mutum don nuna ma'anar ka'idar, duk da rashin tushe, amma sau da yawa ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, gwajin gwaji.

Sanya wata hanya, babu nazarin hulɗar juna guda daya iya samar da "gun taba" a wani yanki na binciken, amma shaidar da ke tattare da zurfafa nazarin daidaituwa na iya kafa hujja da tasiri. Idan yazo da yin amfani da batsa, kusan kowace binciken da aka buga shi ne correlative.

Don “tabbatar” cewa amfani da batsa yana haifar da lalacewar mazakuta, matsalolin dangantaka, matsalolin motsin rai ko ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da alaƙa da jaraba dole ne ku sami manyan rukuni biyu na tagwaye masu kama da juna yayin haihuwa. Tabbatar cewa rukuni ɗaya baya kallon batsa. Tabbatar cewa kowane ɗayan ɗayan ƙungiyar yana kallon ainihin nau'in batsa, don daidai sa'o'in, a daidai lokacin. Kuma ci gaba da gwajin tsawon shekaru 30 ko makamancin haka, sannan bin diddigin bambance-bambance.

A madadin haka, za a iya gudanar da bincike da ake ƙoƙarin nuna lalacewa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin 3 masu zuwa:

  1. Yarda da canjin da sakamakon da kake son aunawa. Musamman, da masu amfani da batsa suna dakatar, da kuma tantance kowane makonni na canje-canje, watannin (shekaru?) Daga baya. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da yake faruwa yayin da dubban samari suka dakatar da batsa a matsayin hanya don magance rashin ciwon kwayoyin cuta da kuma sauran cututtuka (wanda ya haifar da amfani da batsa).
  2. Yi nazari na dogon lokaci, wanda ke nufin biyan abubuwan da suka shafi wani lokaci don ganin yadda canje-canjen yin amfani da batsa (ko matakan amfani da batsa) ya danganta da wasu sakamakon. Alal misali, ƙaddara matakan amfani da batsa tare da kudaden saki a tsawon shekaru (tambayar wasu tambayoyi don sarrafawa ga sauran yiwuwar canji).
  3. Bayyana masu halartar shirye-shiryen batsa da auna sakamako daban-daban. Misali, kimanta ikon batutuwa na jinkirta gamsuwa a gaba da bayan fallasa batsa a cikin dakin bincike.

A ƙasa za mu ƙididdige karatun da suka yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyi 3: kawar da yin amfani da batsa, nazarin lokaci mai tsawo, shafukan batsa a cikin wani lab. Dukkan sakamakon da aka bayar yana nuna cewa amfani da batsa yana haifar da sakamako mara kyau.

Sashe #1: Nazarin inda mahalarta suka kawar da amfani da batsa:

The Nazarin 7 na farko a cikin wannan sashe ya nuna yin amfani da batsa wajen haddasa matsalolin jima'i yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa kuma sun warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum. Don haka, muhawarar game da yadda ake zubar da halayen jima'i a cikin lalata sun kasance an yanke shi don dan lokaci yanzu.

1) Shin Intanit Intanit yana haifar da Dysfunctions? Wani Nazari tare da Rahotanni na Clinical (2016): Binciken da ya dace game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi matsalolin jima'i. Mawallafi na 7 Amurka sunyi amfani da su (likitoci, likitoci, da MD tare da PhD a cikin neuroscience), wannan bita ya samar da sabuwar bayanan da ke nuna matukar tasiri a cikin matsala ta matasa. Har ila yau, yana nazarin nazarin nazarin binciken da ba a shafi batsa da kuma jima'i ta yanar gizo ba. Mawallafa sun ba da rahotanni na asibiti na 3 game da mutanen da suka haifar da dysfunctions na jima'i. Biyu daga cikin mutane uku sun warkar da su ta hanyar yin amfani da batsa. Mutumin na uku ya sami cigaba sosai kamar yadda bai iya hana yin amfani da batsa ba.

2) Halin namiji na al'ada da jima'i (2016): An yarda da shi daga likitancin Faransa da kuma shugaban kasar Tarayyar Turai na Jima'i. Takardar ta shafi kwarewar sa ta asibiti tare da maza 35 waɗanda suka ci gaba da aiki da / ko anorgasmia, da hanyoyin maganin sa na taimaka musu. Marubucin ya bayyana cewa yawancin marasa lafiyarsa suna amfani da batsa, tare da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu daga cikinsu suna lalata batsa. Abubuwan da ba a sani ba suna nuna batsa na intanet a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da matsalolin marasa lafiya. 19 na maza 35 sun ga ingantaccen cigaba a cikin aikin jima'i. Sauran mutanen ko dai sun daina jinya ko kuma suna ƙoƙarin murmurewa.

3) Ayyukan masturbatory na yau da kullum a matsayin mawuyacin hali na ilimin lissafi da kuma kula da lalatawa a cikin samari (2014): Daya daga cikin nazarin binciken na 4 a cikin wannan takarda ya ruwaito wani namiji da ke dauke da kwayar cutar jima'i (low libido, fetishes, anorgasmia). Harkokin jima'i na kira ga 6-week abstinence daga batsa da masturbation. Bayan watanni 8 sai mutumin ya ba da rahoton yawan sha'awar jima'i, jima'i da jima'i, da kuma jin dadin "kyakkyawan jima'i. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka sake gwadawa akan sake dawowa daga yaduwar cutar jima'i.

4) Ta yaya yake da wuya a bi da yanayin jinkirta a cikin gajeren 'yar jariri? Nazarin binciken nazarin (2017): Wannan rahoto ne akan “hadaddun lokuta” guda biyu wadanda ke kwatanta ilimin halittar jiki da kuma maganin magudanar maniyyi (anorgasmia). "Mai haƙuri B" ya wakilci samari da yawa waɗanda mai maganin suka bi da su. Patient B's "amfani da batsa ya karu zuwa abu mai wahala," "kamar yadda lamarin yake galibi." Jaridar ta ce jinkirin fitar maniyyi ba sabon abu ba ne, kuma a kan tashi. Marubucin ya yi kira don ƙarin bincike kan tasirin batsa akan aikin jima'i. Maganin haƙuri na B ya warke bayan makonni 10 babu batsa.

5) Situational Psychogenic Musayar: Wani Nazari (2014): Cikakkun bayanai sun bayyana shari'ar lalata batsa. Abinda kawai miji yake da shi kafin yin aure shine yawan al'aura da batsa (inda yake ya iya fitar maniyyi). Ya kuma bayar da rahoton yin jima'i kamar yadda ba ta da sha'awa kamar al'aura zuwa batsa. Mahimmin bayanin shine cewa "sake-horo" da ilimin halayyar dan adam sun kasa warkar da cutar da yake ciki. Lokacin da wa) annan maganganun suka kasa, masu kwantar da hankali sun ba da shawarar cikakken dakatar da al'aura zuwa batsa. Daga qarshe wannan haramcin ya haifar da samun nasarar jima'i da inzali da abokin zama a karon farko a rayuwarsa.

6) Abubuwan Hulɗar Hotuna Abubuwan Cutar Da Aka Yi A Tsakanin Matasa Daga cikin Matasa (2019) - Wannan takarda ta bincika abin da ya faru batsa ta haifar dysfunction kafa (PIED), tare da nazarin binciken na 12. Da dama mutane da aka warkar da batsa-sun jawo hankalin ED ta hanyar kawar da yin amfani da batsa.

7) Oye a cikin kunya: Rashin sanin namiji game da matsalar jima'i da ake amfani da shi (2019) - Tambayoyi na masu amfani da batsa maza 15. Da yawa daga cikin maza sun ba da rahoton jarabar batsa, haɓaka amfani da matsalolin batsa. Ofaya daga cikin masu amfani da batsa mai ƙarfi ya inganta ingantaccen aikinsa yayin saduwa da jima'i ta hanyar taƙaita iyakantar amfani da batsa.

8) Ta yaya Abstinence ke Shafan Bayanai (2016) [sakamakon farko]. Sakamakon Wave na Biyu - Babban Abubuwan Bincike:

- Barin batsa da al'aura yana karawa mutum damar jinkirta lada

- Kasancewa cikin lokacin ƙauracewa mutane yana sa mutane su ƙara ɗaukar kasada

- Zane ya sanya mutane zama masu yawan son rai

- Abstinence ya mai da mutane mafi ƙarancin tunani, mafi ƙanƙantar da hankali, da rashin nutsuwa

9) Ƙaunar da ba ta ƙare ba: batsa da kwarewar da aka yi wa ɗayan abokin tarayya (2012): Abubuwan da suke ƙoƙari su guje wa yin amfani da batsa (kawai 3 makonni). Idan aka kwatanta wannan rukuni tare da masu halartar kulawa, waɗanda suka ci gaba da yin amfani da batsa sun bada rahoton ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa fiye da sarrafawa. Mene ne zai faru idan sun yi ƙoƙari su guje wa watanni 3 maimakon 3 makonni?

10) Kasuwanci Daga baya Kyauta ga abubuwan da ke sha'awa a yanzu: Abinda ke ciki da batsa da kuma jinkirta ba da kyauta (2015): Yawan batsa mafi yawa wanda mahalarta ke cinyewa, rashin sauki zasu jinkirta jinkirin. Wannan nazarin na musamman ya kuma yi ƙoƙarin hana masu amfani da batsa don rage yawan amfani da batsa na 3 makonni. Nazarin ya gano cewa ci gaba da amfani da batsa causally mai alaƙa da mafi girma rashin iya jinkirta gamsuwa (lura cewa ikon jinkirta gamsuwa aiki ne na farkon gurɓataccen ƙwaƙwalwa).

Sashe na #2: Nazarin lokaci mai tsawo:

Dukkanci biyu na nazarin na tsawon lokaci sunyi nazari akan tasirin yin amfani da batsa a kan zumunci

1) Yarar matasan yara da suka shafi hotuna na intanet: Abubuwan hulɗa da labarun zamani, neman abin da ake bukata, da kuma ilimin kimiyya (2014): Ƙara yawan yin amfani da kwayoyi ya biyo bayan raguwar aikin 6 a cikin watanni.

2) Ƙaramar 'yan yara' Bayyanawa ga Jirgin Intanit na Intanit da Jima'i Satisfaction: Nazarin Tsare-tsaren (2009). Musamman: Tsakanin Mayu 2006 da Mayu 2007, mun gudanar da bincike tsakanin magoya bayan 1,052 masu tasawa na 13-20. Hanyar samfurin tsari ya nuna cewa shawagi ga SEIM yana rage yawan halayen yara. Rawanin jima'i na ciki (a cikin Wave 2) ya ƙãra amfani da SEIM (a cikin Wave 3).

3) Shin kallon talabijin yana rage yawancin auren lokaci? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2016). Musamman: Wannan binciken shine farkon wanda ya zana kan wakilin ƙasa, bayanan tsawon lokaci (Hotunan 2006-2012 na Nazarin Rayuwar Amurka) don gwada ko yawan amfani da batsa yana tasiri ingancin aure daga baya kuma ko wannan tasirin yana daidaita ta hanyar jinsi. Gabaɗaya, masu aure waɗanda suka fi yawan kallon hotunan batsa a cikin 2006 sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin matakan ingancin aure a cikin 2012, ragamar sarrafawa don ingancin auren da ya gabata da kuma alaƙa mai dacewa. Tasirin batsa ba wai kawai wakili bane na rashin gamsuwa da rayuwar jima'i ko yanke hukuncin aure a 2006. Dangane da tasiri mai tasiri, yawan amfani da hotunan batsa a 2006 shine na biyu mafi tsinkayen tsinkayen ingancin aure a 2012.

4) Har Yawan Yawan Yana Zamu Rarraba? Hanyoyin Tsaro na Abubuwan Hulɗa a kan Saki, (2016). Nazarin ya yi amfani da bayanan kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da tattara bayanan da aka tattara daga dubban Amurkawa manya. Musamman: Fara amfani da batsa tsakanin raƙuman binciken kusan kusan ninki biyu na yiwuwar sakewa ta lokacin binciken na gaba, daga kashi 6 zuwa kashi 11, kuma kusan sau uku ga mata, daga kashi 6 zuwa 16 cikin ɗari. Sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa kallon hotunan batsa, a ƙarƙashin wasu halaye na zamantakewa, na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga kwanciyar hankali na aure.

5) Shafin batsa na Intanit da halayen dangantaka: Nazarin nazarin lokaci a tsakanin da tsakanin abokan tarayya na gyarawa, samun jima'i da jima'i na intanet a cikin sabon sababbin (2015). Musamman: Bayanan da aka samo daga samari na sabuwar aure sun nuna cewa amfani da SEIM ya fi kyau fiye da sakamako mai kyau ga maza da mata. Abu mahimmanci, gyare-gyare maza ya rage rage amfani da SEIM da lokaci da kuma SEIM amfani da ƙayyadewa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, karin jin daɗin jin dadin aure a maza ya yi la'akari da raguwa a lokacin da matan su na amfani da SEIM bayan shekara guda, yayin amfani da mata na SEIM ba su canza juyayi na mazajensu ba.

6) Yin amfani da batsa da kuma rabuwa na aure: Shaida daga Bayanin Bayanai na Biyu (2017). Musamman: nazarin ya nuna cewa 'yan matan auren da ke kallon batsa a 2006 sun fi sau biyu kamar wadanda ba su kalli batsa don samun rabuwa ta hanyar 2012, ko da bayan da yake kula da 2006 farin ciki na aure da kuma jin daɗin jin dadin rayuwa da kuma dacewa da zamantakewa na zamantakewar al'umma. Halin da ke tsakanin batsa ya yi amfani da mitoci da kuma rabuwa na aure, duk da haka, an yi amfani da shi a al'ada.

7) Shin batsa masu bidiyo ne da suka fi dacewa don sanin kwarewar romantic? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2017). Musamman: nazarin ya nuna cewa 'yan Amurkan da suka kalli batsa a 2006 kusan kusan sau biyu ne kamar waɗanda ba su taba kallon batsa ba don rahoto suna fuskantar romantic breakdown by 2012, ko da bayan da ya kula da abubuwan da suka dace kamar 2006 dangantaka dangantaka da sauran tsarin zamantakewar al'umma. Har ila yau, nazarin ya nuna dangantakar dangantaka tsakanin yadda yawancin Amirkawa ke kallon hotunan batsa a cikin 2006 da kuma abubuwan da suke fuskanta game da shawo kan 2012.

8) Abota tsakanin Abubuwan Hul] a da Hotuna na Yanar-gizo, Lafiya da Lafiya da Harkokin Jima'i tsakanin Hongkong matasa na Hongkong: Nazarin Zane-zane na Uku (2018): Wannan bincike na tsawon lokaci ya gano cewa amfani da batsa yana da alaka da bakin ciki, rashin jin dadin rayuwa da kuma halayyar jima'i.

Sashe na #3: Hotuna masu daukan hoto ga batsa:

1) Hanyoyin Erotica game da Abubuwan Dawakai na Mata Game da Abokan Harkokin Jima'i (1984). Musamman: Bayan kamuwa da kyawawan mata, darajar kwalliyar mata ta faɗi ƙasa da kimantawar da aka yi bayan an fallasa su ga mata marasa kyau; wannan ƙimar ta zama matsakaiciyar matsayi bayan ɗaukar hotuna. Canje-canje a cikin kwalliyar kwalliyar mata bai dace da canje-canje na gamsuwa da ma'aurata ba, kodayake.

2) Hanyoyin Amfani da Abubuwan Hulɗar Dama akan Yanayin Iyali (1988). Musamman: Bayani ya sa, a tsakanin wadansu abubuwa, karɓar karuwar jima'i da jima'i da kuma jurewa ta hanyar jima'i ba tare da aboki ga abokan hulɗa ba. Bayani ya saukar da kimantawar auren, yin wannan ma'aikata ba ta da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a nan gaba. Bayani kuma yana rage sha'awar samun yara da karfafa karbar karfin maza da mata. Tare da 'yan kaɗan, waɗannan halayen sun kasance daidai ga masu saurare maza da mata da kuma dalibai da wadanda ba a ba su ba.

3) Halin Halin Hotuna game da Halin Jima'i (1988). Musamman: An nuna ɗaliban maza da mata da waɗanda ba ɗalibai ba zuwa bidiyon bidiyo wanda ke nuna abubuwan gama gari, batsa mara daɗi ko abun cikin rashin laifi. Bayyanawa ya kasance cikin zaman sa'a a cikin makonni shida jere. A cikin mako na bakwai, darussan sun shiga cikin binciken da ba shi da alaƙa da alaƙa da cibiyoyin zamantakewar al'umma da gamsuwa ta mutum. [Yin amfani da batsa] tasirin tasirin kai tsaye na kwarewar jima'i. Bayan amfani da batsa, batutuwa sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin gamsuwa da maƙwabtansu na musamman - musamman, tare da ƙawancen abokan, bayyanar su ta jiki, sha'awar jima'i, da kuma yin jima'i daidai. Kari akan haka, batutuwa da aka sanya mahimmancin jima'i ba tare da sa hannu ba. Wadannan tasirin sun kasance daidaito a tsakanin jinsi da yawan jama'a.

4) Hanyoyin da ake amfani da shi a kan hukunce-hukuncen baƙi da mata (1989). Musamman: In Neman 2, batutuwa maza da mata sun kasance sun fallasa ga jima'i. A cikin binciken na biyu, akwai dangantaka da jima'i da jima'i akan yanayin jima'i. An samu sakamako mai ban sha'awa na launi na tsakiya don kawai maza da aka fallasa su a cikin jinsi. Maza da suka sami ragowar filin wasan Playboy sun fi dacewa sun nuna kansu a matsayin ƙaunar da matansu.

5) Tasirin hoto na batsa ya lalata aiki tare da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (2013): Masana kimiyyar Jamus sun gano hakan Intanet erotica zai iya rage aikin tunawa. A cikin wannan gwaji na hoto, 28 masu lafiya sunyi aikin ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta amfani da hotunan hotuna daban-daban na 4, ɗaya daga cikinsu batsa ne. Har ila yau masu halartar hotunan hotuna masu ban sha'awa game da sha'awar jima'i da al'aura suna buƙatar kafin, kuma bayan bayanan hoto. Sakamako ya nuna cewa ƙwaƙwalwar aiki yana da mummunar mummunan lokacin kallon bidiyo da kuma ƙarar daɗaɗɗa ya kara yawan saukewa.

6) Hanyoyin Cikin Hotuna na Gudanar da Cikin Gida ta Kashe tare da Yin Nuna-da-Kira A karkashin Ambiguity (2013): Nazarin ya gano cewa kallon hotunan batsa ya tsoma baki tare da yanke shawara yayin gwajin gwaji mai daidaituwa. Wannan yana nuna batsa na iya shafar aikin zartarwa, wanda shine saitin ƙwarewar hankali wanda zai taimaka muku samun abubuwa. Waɗannan ƙwarewar ana sarrafa su ta wani yanki na ƙwaƙwalwa da ake kira cortex na gaba.

7) Yin makale tare da batsa? Cigaba ko watsi da labarun cybersex a cikin halin da ake ciki da yawa ya danganci alamun cututtukan cybersex (2015): Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da jita-jitar batsa sunyi aiki mafi nauyin ayyukan aiki (waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin jagorancin kullun farko).

8) Gudanar da Ayyuka na Jima'i Mai Haɗakarwa da Mutum Mai Tunawa Kafin Yayinda Kalli Bidiyon Erotic (2017): Bayyanawa ga batsa ya shafi aikin zartarwa a cikin maza tare da "halayen halayen jima'i," amma ba kulawar lafiya ba. Yin aiki mai ƙarancin aiki lokacin da aka nuna shi ga alamun alaƙa alamomin alama ce ta rikicewar abubuwa (yana nuna duka canje-canje na farko da kuma sanarwa).

9) Bayyanawa ga Harkokin Jima'i yana haifar da ƙananan basirar da ake kaiwa zuwa Ƙara Haɗari a Cyber ​​Delinquency Daga cikin maza (Cheng & Chiou, 2017): A cikin binciken biyu da aka nuna game da tasirin jima'i na gani ya haifar da: 1) mafi jinkirin ragi (rashin iya jinkirta gamsuwa), 2) mafi girman son shiga cikin aika-aika ta hanyar yanar gizo, 3) mafi girman sha'awar sayan kayan jabu da kuma lalata asusun wani na Facebook. A haɗuwa wannan yana nuna cewa yin amfani da batsa yana ƙaruwa rashin ƙarfi kuma yana iya rage wasu ayyuka na zartarwa (kamun kai, hukunci, hango sakamako, ikon motsi).

By hanyar, a kan Karatun ilimin jarabawar intanet 80 sun yi amfani da hanyoyin "a tsaye" kuma "cire mabobin" hanyoyin. Duk da karfi da shawarar cewa amfani da intanet zai iya hanyar matsalolin tunani / tunani, damun kwakwalwar da ke cikin kwakwalwa, da kuma sauran mummunan sakamako a wasu masu amfani.

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KARANTA #10: Kunawa / Klein / Kohut cherry-pick 5% na batutuwa daga 1 na nazarin 58 jituwa da batsa amfani da talauci dangantaka

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Tsare-tsaren nazarin karatun bayan mutane a tsawon lokaci yana nuna idan an duba fim din jima'i kafin a samar da tasiri, wanda ya kamata a bayar da shawarar cewa fina-finan jima'i ya haifar da sakamako. Alal misali, bincike na tsawon lokaci ya nuna cewa, a matsakaici, kallon fina-finan jima'i ƙara haɗarin na asarar hasara daga baya. Har Yawan Yawan Yana Zamu Rarraba? Binciken Tsaro na Abubuwan Hullo da Saki. Duk da haka, wani binciken ya gano cewa 'yan matan Amurkan da ke da mafi girma a cikin fina-finan jima'i na amfani da su a mafi haɗari don rasa haɗinsu (sakamako marar amfani).

Ƙwararren a nan shi ne ya yaudare mai karatu a tunanin cewa binciken da yayi nazarin batsa akan dangantaka yana rikicewa. Suna yin haka ta hanyar amincewa da wanzuwar binciken daya da ke haɗa nau'in batsa zuwa matsalolin dangantaka (daga cikin 75 binciken danganta batsa ta amfani da talauci), ana biye da cherry-picking kawai nazarin rahoton sakamako na waje - don ƙaramin kaso na batutuwa (5% na batutuwa).

Nazarin tare da binciken da aka samu na kasa da kashi 5% na darussan shine “Yin amfani da batsa da kuma rabuwa na aure: Shaida daga Bayanin Bayanai na Biyu (2017)" - Fita daga abubuwar:

Dangane da bayanai daga magunguna na 2006 da na 2012 na wakilcin wakilcin wakilci na nazarin rayuwar rayuwar Amurka, wannan labarin yayi nazarin ko matan Amurka da suke kallon batsa a cikin 2006, ko dai ko kuma a mafi yawan ƙananan hanyoyi, zasu iya samun rabuwar aure ta hanyar 2012. Binary logistic regression analyses ya nuna tya yi aure Mutanen Amirkawa da suka kalli batsa a 2006 sun fi sau biyu sau biyu kamar wadanda ba su kalli batsa ba don samun rabuwa da 2012, ko da bayan da yake kula da 2006 farin ciki na aure da kuma jin dadin rayuwa kamar yadda ya dace. Halin da ke tsakanin batsa ya yi amfani da mitoci da kuma rabuwa na aure, duk da haka, an yi amfani da shi a al'ada. Zai yiwu yiwuwar rabuwa ta aure ta hanyar 2012 ya karu tare da amfani da hoto na 2006 zuwa wani ma'ana kuma ya ki karɓa a mafi yawan tasirin batsa.

Ainihin sakamakon. An haɗu da juna, masu amfani da batsa (ko dai maza ko mata) sun fi sau biyu kamar yadda zasu iya samun rabuwar aure na 6 shekaru baya. Musamman, don 95% na batutuwa, amfani da batsa a cikin 2006 yana da alaƙa da yiwuwar rabuwa ta aure a 2012. Duk da haka, sau ɗaya batsa amfani da mita isa sau da yawa a mako ko fiye (kawai 5% na batutuwa) yiwuwar rabuwa ya kasance daidai da wadanda ba su yi amfani da batsa ba.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a karkashin kariyar #7 haɗin kai a ƙarshen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙararrawa bazai hango sakamakon sakamako ga yawancin masu amfani da batsa ba. A cikin wannan nauyin 2-5% na masu amfani da yawa za mu iya samun yawancin ma'aurata masu yawa waɗanda suka gane kamar yadda ya dace ko kuma polyamorous. Suna iya samun auren budewa. Wataƙila ma'aurata suna da fahimtar cewa abokin tarayya zai iya amfani da batsa kamar yadda ake so, amma kisan aure ba wani zaɓi ba ne. Kowace dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da batsa a cikin ɗaya ko duka abokan tarayya, to wannan ya kasance a fili daga wannan binciken da dukan sauran, cewa waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba tare da yawancin ma'aurata.

Af, duk wasu nazarin lokaci tabbatar da cewa amfani da batsa yana da alaka da sakamakon rashin talauci.

  • Ƙaunar da ba ta ƙare ba: batsa da kwarewar da aka yi wa ɗayan abokin tarayya (2012): Abubuwan da suke ƙoƙari su guje wa yin amfani da batsa (kawai 3 makonni). Idan aka kwatanta wannan rukuni tare da masu halartar kulawa, waɗanda suka ci gaba da yin amfani da batsa sun bada rahoton ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa fiye da sarrafawa. Mene ne zai faru idan sun yi ƙoƙari su guje wa watanni 3 maimakon 3 makonni?
  • Shafin batsa na Intanit da halayen dangantaka: Nazarin nazarin lokaci a tsakanin da tsakanin abokan tarayya na gyarawa, samun jima'i da jima'i na intanet a cikin sabon sababbin (2015). Musamman: Bayanan da aka samo daga samari na sabuwar aure sun nuna cewa amfani da SEIM ya fi kyau fiye da sakamako mai kyau ga maza da mata. Abu mahimmanci, gyare-gyare maza ya rage rage amfani da SEIM da lokaci da kuma SEIM amfani da ƙayyadewa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, karin jin daɗin jin dadin aure a maza ya yi la'akari da raguwa a lokacin da matan su na amfani da SEIM bayan shekara guda, yayin amfani da mata na SEIM ba su canza juyayi na mazajensu ba.
  • Shin kallon talabijin yana rage yawancin auren lokaci? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2016). Musamman: Wannan binciken shine farkon wanda ya zana kan wakilin ƙasa, bayanan tsawon lokaci (Hotunan 2006-2012 na Nazarin Rayuwar Amurka) don gwada ko yawan amfani da batsa yana tasiri ingancin aure daga baya kuma ko wannan tasirin yana daidaita ta hanyar jinsi. Gabaɗaya, masu aure waɗanda suka fi yawan kallon hotunan batsa a cikin 2006 sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin matakan ingancin aure a cikin 2012, ragamar sarrafawa don ingancin auren da ya gabata da kuma alaƙa mai dacewa. Tasirin batsa ba wai kawai wakili bane na rashin gamsuwa da rayuwar jima'i ko yanke hukuncin aure a 2006. Dangane da tasiri mai tasiri, yawan amfani da hotunan batsa a 2006 shine na biyu mafi tsinkayen tsinkayen ingancin aure a 2012.
  • Shin batsa masu bidiyo ne da suka fi dacewa don sanin kwarewar romantic? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2017). Musamman: nazarin ya nuna cewa 'yan Amurkan da suka kalli batsa a 2006 kusan kusan sau biyu ne kamar waɗanda ba su taba kallon batsa ba don rahoto suna fuskantar romantic breakdown by 2012, ko da bayan da ya kula da abubuwan da suka dace kamar 2006 dangantaka dangantaka da sauran tsarin zamantakewar al'umma. Har ila yau, nazarin ya nuna dangantakar dangantaka tsakanin yadda yawancin Amirkawa ke kallon hotunan batsa a cikin 2006 da kuma abubuwan da suke fuskanta game da shawo kan 2012.

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KARANTA #11: Oops. Kunawa / Klein / Kohut da rashin sani ya rubuta wani binciken da ke goyan bayan samfuri

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Samun karfi da kwakwalwa akan jima'i a fina-finai yana tsammanin karfi mai karfi don yin jima'i tare da wasu watanni masu zuwa bayan haka.

Ta yaya binciken ya haɗu don tallafawa wannan batun magana shine ra'ayin kowa. Wataƙila suna tsammanin mai karatu zai yi kuskuren fahimtar wannan kamar “kallon batsa yana haifar da sha'awar sha'awar yin jima'i da mutumin gaske wanda ke ci gaba har tsawon watanni.” Amma wannan ba shine abin da binciken ya ruwaito ba.

Wannan bincike ne game da abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen halayen (matsanancin halayya da halayyar jima'i). Binciken ya gano cewa mafi yawan lokuttuwar da aka yi wa batsa ya haɗu da mafi girma da sha'awar yin jima'i da kuma masturbate watanni shida daga baya. Binciken bai tantance "sha'awar kasancewa tare da abokin tarayya ba". Abinda kawai ya kimanta shine sha'awar yin jima'i da yin jima'i, wanda ba'a iyakance ga abokin aure ɗaya ba. Binciken ya samo sakamako irin wannan don abinci: batutuwa tare da mafi girma-sake kunnawa ga hotunan sha'awar abinci sun sami nauyi a cikin watanni shida masu zuwa. Daga bayanin binciken:

Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa haɓaka karɓar sakamako a cikin kwakwalwa zuwa abinci da kuma jima'i suna hade da ƙwarewa a cikin cin zarafi da yin jima'i, da kuma bayar da shaida ga wata hanya ta jiki wanda ke hade da halayen ƙira.

Wannan nazarin yana tallafawa samfurin jaraba, kamar yadda batutuwa da mafi girma-reactivity (aiki na tsakiya) don amsa batsa da ya fi ƙarfin sha'awar yin aiki watanni shida bayan haka. Ya bayyana cewa waɗannan mutane sun zama hankalta ga batsa, wanda ya nuna a matsayin mawuyacin hali da kuma sha'awar amfani. Masana bincike kan al'ada sanarwa a matsayin babban kwakwalwar kwakwalwa wanda zai haifar da amfani da karfi da kuma jita-jita. (Dubi "Ƙararriyar mahimmancin ka'idar jaraba")

Hanyar hanyoyi za a iya la'akari da shi Pavlovian kwanciya a kan turbos. Lokacin da aka kunna tunani ko mawuyacin hali, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci suna busa ladaran ladaran, yin fashewa da kwarewa. Dubban binciken kwakwalwa na baya-bayan nan a kan masu amfani da batsa sun tantance mahimmanci, kuma duk sun ruwaito irin wannan kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka gani a cikin masu shan giya da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kamar yadda na 2018 wasu nazarin 25 sun ruwaito binciken da ya dace da mahimmanci (cue-reactivity ko cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa da kuma addicts batsa: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa haɓakawa ba alama ce ta libido ta gaskiya ba ko sha'awar kusanci da abokin tarayya. Madadin haka, hujja ce ta nuna-girman hankali ga tunani ko alamu masu alaƙa da halayyar. Misali, alamu - kamar kunna kwamfutar, ganin faɗakarwa, ko kasancewa kai kaɗai - na iya haifar da zafi, da wuya a yi watsi da sha'awar kallon batsa. Nazarin ya nuna cewa masu amfani da batsa masu karfi na iya samun karfin-amsawa ko sha'awar batsa, amma duk da haka fuskantar ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i da lalacewar maimaitawa tare da ainihin abokan. Misali, a cikin Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge ta yi nazari a kan batutuwa da batutuwa sun fi ƙarfin kwakwalwa zuwa batsa, amma mutane da dama sun ruwaito matsalolin da suka dace tare da abokan. Daga binciken 2014 Cambridge:

[Abubuwan halayyar jima'i masu haɗari] batutuwa sun ba da rahoton cewa sakamakon yawan amfani da abubuwan da ke bayyane ga jima'i… .. sun sami raguwar libido ko aiki na musamman musamman a cikin alaƙar jiki da mata (kodayake ba a cikin alaƙar da jima'i ba).

Sa'an nan kuma muna da nazarin Nicole Prause 2013 EEG wanda ta yi daidai a cikin kafofin yada labarai a matsayin shaida game da wanzuwar batsa ta jima'i / jima'i: Jima'i Jima'i, ba jima'i ba, yana da alaka da Amsoshin Neurophysiological Maɗaukaki da Hotuna (Steele et al., 2013). Ba haka ba. Steele et al. 2013 tana taimakawa wajen kasancewa da jita-jitar batsa kuma batsa ya yi amfani da yin amfani da jima'i. Ta yaya? Binciken ya ba da rahoton mafi girma na EEG (dangane da hotuna masu tsauraran ra'ayi) lokacin da aka gabatar da batutuwa game da hotuna batsa. Binciken ya nuna cewa wani P300 mai girma yana faruwa a yayin da ake yin addicts a cikin layi (irin su hotuna) da suka shafi jaraba (kamar yadda a cikin wannan binciken akan addinan cocaine).

Yi amfani da maimaita maimaita ikirarin cewa batutunta “Kwararrun ba su amsa kamar sauran addicts ba”Ba tare da tallafi ba, kuma babu inda za'a samu a ainihin binciken. Ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin hirar ta. Yin tsokaci a karkashin Psychology yau hira na Farisa, babbar farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, mai suna John A. Johnson, wanda ake kira Prause, don faɗakar da bincikenta:

“Har yanzu hankalina yana kwance a yayin da ake gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon kan ikirarin cewa kwakwalenta bai amsa hotunan jima'i ba kamar kwakwalwar masu shan kwayoyi 'kwakwalwar ta amsa maganin su, ganin cewa ta bayar da rahoton karatuttukan P300 mafi girma game da hotunan jima'i. Kamar dai 'yan maye waɗanda ke nuna P300 spikes lokacin da aka gabatar musu da maganin da suka zaɓa. Ta yaya za ta yanke hukunci wanda yake akasin ainihin sakamakon? ”

A layi tare da Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge ta duba nazari, Steele et al. 2013 kuma ya bayar da rahoto cewa, mafi yawan lokuttuka-hawan jini ga batsa ya haɓaka tare da rashin sha'awar yin jima'i. Don sanya shi wata hanya, mutane da yawancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa zuwa batsa zai fi dacewa da batsa fiye da yin jima'i da mutum na ainihi. Abin mamaki, binciken mai magana da yawun Yi wasa sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu amfani da batsa kawai suna da "babban libido," duk da haka sakamakon binciken ya ce daidai akasin (sha'awar batutuwa don yin jima'i kika aika dangane da amfani da batsa). Takaddun takaddun takaddun takwas sun yi bayanin gaskiya: Binciken da aka yi wa matasa Steele et al., 2013. Har ila yau, ga wani m YBOP mai sharhi.

A taƙaice, mai amfani da batsa mai sauƙi na iya samun mafi girma na ƙyatarwa (cravings) duk da haka har ila yau yana fuskanci matsalolin erection tare da abokin tarayya. Tashi don amsa batsa ba hujja bane na "amsar jima'i" ko aiki mai lafiya mai kyau tare da abokin tarayya.

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KARANTA #12: Ko da David Ley yana tsammanin kullun ba zai yiwu ba

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Nazarin gwaje-gwaje na iya nunawa idan kallon batsa da gaske Sanadin Ma'anar dangantaka tsakanin maƙasudin ciki har da sarrafawa. A babban farko, gwajin da aka yi rajista gano cewa yin amfani da hotunan jima'i ba ya rage soyayya ko sha'awar abokin tarayya na yanzu.

Na farko, ba daidai ba ne a ce "Koyarwar gwaje-gwaje na iya nunawa idan kallon batsa gaske Sanadin Harkokin dangantaka na rashin kyau " Playboy yankunan tsakiya (kamar yadda a cikin binciken haɗe da marubuta) ba zai iya gaya muku kome ba game da abin da mijinku ya haifar da shi zuwa al'ada shirye-shiryen bidiyo na yau da kullum don shekaru a ƙarshen. Abinda ke ciki shine binciken da zai iya "nuna idan kallon batsa gaske Sanadin mummunar dangantaka dangantaka " su ne binciken nazarin lokaci wanda ke kula da masu rikitarwa ko nazarin inda batutuwa suka guji batsa. A kwanan nan an wallafa nazarin dangantaka na shekaru bakwai wanda ya nuna ainihin sakamakon da ake amfani da shi na batsa. Duk ya ruwaito cewa amfani da batsa yana da dangantaka da rashin talauci / dangantaka ta jima'i:

  1. Ƙaramar 'yan yara' Bayyanawa ga Jirgin Intanit na Intanit da Jima'i Satisfaction: Nazarin Tsare-tsaren (2009).
  2. Ƙaunar da ba ta ƙare ba: batsa da kwarewar da aka yi wa ɗayan abokin tarayya (2012).
  3. Shafin batsa na Intanit da halayen dangantaka: Nazarin nazarin lokaci a tsakanin da tsakanin abokan tarayya na gyarawa, samun jima'i da jima'i na intanet a cikin sabon sababbin (2015).
  4. Har Yawan Yawan Yana Zamu Rarraba? Hanyoyin Tsaro na Abubuwan Hulɗa a kan Saki, (2016).
  5. Shin kallon talabijin yana rage yawancin auren lokaci? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2016).
  6. Shin batsa masu bidiyo ne da suka fi dacewa don sanin kwarewar romantic? Shaida daga Bayanan Tsare Tsarin (2017).
  7. Yin amfani da batsa da kuma rabuwa na aure: Shaida daga Bayanin Bayanai na Biyu (2017).

A kan nazarin 2017 An yi amfani da littafin Prause / Klein / Kohut da, da kuma sakamakon da aka yi masa sauƙi: Shin bayyanar zuwa erotica rage janyewa da ƙauna ga abokantaka a cikin maza? Kalmomi na Independent Kenrick, Gutierres, da Goldberg (1989).

Nazarin 2017 ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da shi a 1989 binciken wanda ya fallasa maza da mata a cikin haɗin kai tare da hotunan batsa na kishiyar jinsi. Nazarin na 1989 ya gano cewa maza da aka nuna wa tsiraicin Playboy Ƙananan gidaje sun ƙulla abokan su kamar yadda ba su da kyau kuma sun nuna ƙauna ga abokansu. Kamar yadda 2017 ta kasa yin amfani da binciken 1989, ana gaya mana cewa nazarin 1989 ya sami kuskure, kuma yin amfani da batsa ba zai iya rage soyayya ko sha'awar ba. Wane ne! Ba haka ba.

Maimaitawar "ta gaza" saboda yanayin al'adunmu ya zama "batsa". Masu binciken na 2017 basu dauki daliban kwalejin 1989 wadanda suka girma suna kallon MTV bayan makaranta ba. Madadin haka ne batutuwan su suka taso kan yanar gizo mai suna PornHub don rawar bango da shirye-shiryen bidiyo masu ban sha'awa.

A cikin 1989 nawa ɗaliban koleji sun ga wani bidiyo na X? Ba yawa ba. Yawancin dalibai na kwalejin na 1989 sun yi amfani da duk lokacin tarurruka, daga tsufa, da tsoma baki zuwa mahimman bayanai a cikin wani zaman? Babu. Dalili na sakamakon 2017 ya fito fili: bayyanan dan wasa ga hoto har abada a Playboy Kullun yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da abin da kwalejin mazauna a cikin 2017 suna kallon shekaru. Ko da marubuta shigar da bambance-bambance masu bambanci tare da bayanin farko na su:

1) Na farko, yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa an fara nazarin asali a 1989. A wannan lokacin, jituwa zuwa jima'i bazai iya samuwa ba, yayin da yau, ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hotuna masu banƙyama sun fi dacewa da yawa, saboda haka ana iya fallasa su a cikin ɗakin gida mai ƙila bazai isa ya nuna bambancin sakamako da aka ruwaito ba. Sabili da haka, sakamakon binciken karatun yanzu na iya bambanta daga nazarin na farko saboda bambance-bambancen da ke nunawa, samun dama, har ma da yarda da erotica sa'an nan kuma a yanzu.

A cikin wani misali mai ban sha'awa wanda ya shafi David Ley ji tilas don nuna bayyane:

Yana iya yiwuwa al'adu, maza, da jima'i sun canza sosai tun 1989. 'Yan samari kalilan a wannan zamanin ba su taɓa ganin hotunan batsa ko matan tsiraici ba - tsiraici da jima'i na hoto sun zama ruwan dare a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai, daga Game da karagai zuwa tallace-tallacen turare, kuma a cikin jihohi da yawa, an halatta mata su tafi gaba daya. Don haka yana yiwuwa maza a cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan sun koya don haɗawa da tsiraici da jima'i da suke gani a cikin batsa da kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun ta hanyar da ba ta shafi sha'awar su ko ƙaunar abokan su ba. Wataƙila maza a cikin binciken na 1989 ba su da saurin yin jima'i, tsiraici, da batsa.

Ka tuna cewa wannan gwaji ba ya nufin amfani da labaran yanar gizo ba ya shafi sha'awar maza ga masoyansu. Wannan yana nufin cewa kallon "shafukan tsakiya" ba shi da tasiri a kwanakin nan. Mutane da yawa sunyi rahoton m ƙarawa a janyo hankalin ga abokan tarayya bayan bada sama batsa. Kuma, hakika, akwai kuma bayanan da aka ambata a sama da ke nuna irin abubuwan da ke haifar da bidiyo game da dangantaka.

Bugu da ƙari, Prause / Klein / Kohut yana samar da wani abu mai ban mamaki, wanda aka samu a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwarewa a ƙananan ƙoƙari na ƙalubalantar binciken da ake yi na bayar da rahoton yin amfani da porn da aka danganta da kisan aure, fashewa, da rashin talauci da dangantaka.

A ƙarshe, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa marubuta na takarda da aka haɗa da su abokan aiki ne na Taylor Kohut a Jami'ar Western Ontario. Wannan rukuni na masu bincike, wanda William Fisher ya jagoranci, ya wallafa littattafai masu ban mamaki, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon da ya kasance a kan fuskarsa ya saba wa manyan wallafe-wallafen da ke haɗar yin amfani da batsa ga magunguna masu yawa. Bugu da ƙari, duka Kohut da Fisher sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cin nasara Motion 47 a Kanada.

A nan ne binciken nan na biyu daga Kohut, Fisher da abokan aiki a yammacin Ontario wadanda suka ba da labari mai yawa:

1) Hanyoyin da Labarin Batsa ya fahimta a kan Ma'auratan Ma'aurata: Bincike Na Farko Na Openarshe, Mai Bada Labari, Bincike na "Kasa" (2017), Taylor Kohut, William A. Fisher, Lorne Campbell

A bincikensu na 2017, Kohut, Fisher da Campbell sun bayyana sun karkata samfurin ne don samar da sakamakon da suke nema. Ganin cewa yawancin karatu suna nuna cewa ƙananan yan tsirarun mata masu amfani da batsa suna amfani da batsa, a cikin wannan binciken kashi 95% na mata suna amfani da batsa da kansu (85% na mata sun yi amfani da batsa tun farkon dangantakar). Waɗannan ƙididdigar sun fi na tsofaffin ɗaliban kwaleji, kuma sun fi yadda suke a kowane karatun batsa! A takaice dai, masu binciken sun nuna sun karkatar da samfurinsu don samar da sakamakon da suke nema. Haƙiƙa: Bayanan gicciye daga mafi girman binciken Amurka (General Social Survey) ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 2.6% na mata ne kawai suka ziyarci "gidan yanar gizo na batsa" a cikin watan jiya.

Bugu da kari, karatun Kohut ya yi tambayoyin "a bude" kawai inda batutuwa za su iya yin zina game da batsa. Masu binciken sun karanta ramblings kuma sun yanke shawara, bayan gaskiyar, menene amsoshin sun kasance "mahimmanci" (dace da labarin da suke so?). A wasu kalmomin, binciken bai daidaita amfani da batsa ba tare da kowane maƙasudi, kimiyyar canjin kimiya na jima'i ko dangantaka mai gamsarwa (kamar yadda kan nazarin 75 wanda ke nuna amfani da batsa a cikin alaƙa da mummunan tasiri akan dangantaka). Duk abin da aka ruwaito a cikin takarda an haɗa shi (ko banda shi) a ƙalubalen da marubutan suka nuna.

2) Sanarwar "Shin Batsa da gaske ne game da" “iyayya da Mata "? Masu Amfani da Batsa Suna Moreaukar Morea'idodin Earfafawa na Jinsi Fiye da Wadanda Ba Masu Amfani da shi ba a cikin Wakilin Amurka Sample "(2016),

Taylor Kohut co-marubuta da aka tsara ba da agaji kamar yadda: Support for (1) Zubar da ciki, (2) Masanin mata, (3) Mata suna da matsayi mai iko, (4) Imani cewa rayuwar iyali ta sha wahala lokacin da mace take da cikakken aiki, kuma yana da kyau (5) dabi'un da ba daidai ba ga iyalin gargajiya. Jama'a na mutane, waɗanda suka fi dacewa su kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi, suna da nisa Yawan yawan masu amfani da batsa fiye da mazaunan addini. Ta hanyar zabar waɗannan sharudda da kuma watsi da sauran wasu canje-canje, marubucin Kohut da mawallafinsa sun san cewa zasu ƙare tare da masu amfani da batsa masu ban mamaki da yawa akan wannan binciken da aka zaɓa na musamman na abin da ya ƙunshi "ba da agaji."Sai marubuta suka zaɓa wani taken wanda ya keɓe shi duka. A gaskiya ma, waɗannan binciken yana saba wa kusan dukkanin binciken da aka buga. (Duba wannan jerin abubuwan nazarin nazarin 25 da ke haɗar yin amfani da batsa don yin jima'i da zabin jima'i, da abin da ya rage ba da agaji.)

lura: Wannan gabatarwa ta 2018 ya nuna gaskiyar a bayan binciken 5 mai rikicewa da rikice-rikice, ciki har da binciken biyu da aka tattauna kawai: Bincike na Yanar-gizo: Gaskiya ko Fiction?

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KARANTA #13: Yin kallon batsa yana sa ku jaraba da shan shayar da yanayinku, don haka ba za a iya zama wani abu ba

GABATARWA SHIRYE: A wasu binciken bincike-binciken, ma'aurata da suka kalli finafinan jima'i, ko a cikin ɗakin ko baya, ya nuna sha'awar yin jima'i da abokin tarayya na yanzu.

Wani littafin Nicole Prause. Dubi batsa, zama jaraba, sannan kuma yana so ya fita, yana da wuya a gano. Wannan "binciken bincike-binciken" bai gaya mana kome ba game da sakamako mai tsawo na yin amfani da porn akan dangantaka (sake, fiye da nazarin 75 - da kowane nazarin akan maza - danganta batsa ta amfani da ita don rashin jima'i da dangantaka gamsuwa). Wannan gwajin yayi daidai da kimanta tasirin giya ta hanyar tambayar mashaya idan suna jin daɗi bayan farkon giyarsu ta farko. Shin wannan kimantawa dayawa tana gaya mana komai game da yanayinsu washegari ko tasirin dogon lokaci na yawan shan barasa?

Ba abin mamaki ba, Dokta Prause ya kawar da sauran binciken bincikenta:

Dubi fina-finai mai ban sha'awa kuma ya haifar da rahotannin da suka shafi mummunar tasiri, laifi, da damuwa

Matsanancin tasiri yana nufin motsin zuciyar kirki. Gunawa ya sake komawa ga ceri-dauka sakamakonta.

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KARANTA #14: Don kare batsa, bari mu zargi al'aura don duk mummunan tasirin da aka danganta shi da batsa

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Duk da yake binciken daya ya nuna cewa rage karfin batsa ya kara karuwa ga abokin tarayya, babu wani binciken da ya nuna cewa wannan shi ne saboda fina-finai na jima'i ba tare da wani matsala mai rikitarwa ba, irin su bambance-bambance a cikin al'ada wanda ya haifar da daidaita yanayin dabi'un kallo. A ra'ayinmu, har yanzu ba a tilasta bayanai ba don tabbatar da cewa jima'i da jima'i ta hanyar fina-finan jima'i kullum yana rage sha'awar abokin tarayya na yau da kullum; Babu shakka, a wasu yanayi, fina-finai na jima'i suna bayyana wuta a gida.

A gaskiya, babbar hujjar shaidar ya nuna tabbatacciyar cewa yayin da hoton batsa yake ƙaruwa, dangantaka da haɓaka ta jima'i sun ƙi. Wannan ba wani batu na wasu nazarin "ka ce a" da kuma wasu nazarin "ba a ce" ba, kamar yadda kowane nazarin maza da batsa suke amfani da ita (70 binciken) haɗin halayen amfani da batsa don rage yawan jima'i ko dangantaka ta gamsuwa. A gaskiya, a nazarin kwanan nan nuna cewa ga mutane, batsa amfani da wannan ya fi sau ɗaya fiye da sau ɗaya a wata daidai tare da rage jima'i gamsuwa. (Ga mata, an yanke shi har ma da ƙananan.) Amfani da wannan ya fi sau da yawa fiye da "sau da yawa a kowace shekara" an hade da rage yawan jima'i.)

Har ila yau, da binciken binciken batsa da aka ambata a sama a zahiri yi nuna cewa kallon batsa shi ne mafi kusantar dalili na rage ƙaddamarwa a wadanda suka kalli karin batsa. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan karatu kaɗan don neman mutane su (ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin) kawar da yin amfani da porn (don 3 makonni) don kwatanta sakamakon tare da ƙungiyar kulawa. Babu shakka wasu daga cikin masu bincike buga wani binciken kwatanta jinkirta jinkirta a cikin wadanda suka yi ƙoƙari su bar batsa na dan lokaci. Sun gano cewa mafi yawan masu sha'awar batsa suna ganin ƙananan damar da za su iya jinkirta juyayi. A

Abin takaici ne cewa masu jima'i kamar Klein, Prause da Kohut sunyi tsayin daka kan kare batsa suna amfani da cewa sun yarda su nuna cewa masturbation yana haifar da matsalolin dangantaka! (Lafiya da abokin aiki Ley sun kuma yi iƙirarin cewa al'ada ta haifar dashi na ED a cikin samari - ba tare da jinyar likita ko wasu shaidu ba)

Duk da haka a lokaci guda Prause ya dade yana nuna cewa taba al'ada ba shi da amfani mara kyau. To, wane ne? A nan wadannan marubuta sun nuna yatsa a al'ada kamar yadda matsalar matsalolin dangantaka suke, amma basu bayar da hujja na hakika don tallafawa su. Kamar yadda suke da'awar cewa "al'aurar al'ada" ne kawai mai dacewa a yayin da ake yin hakan ainihin hujjojin kimiyya ya nuna cewa karin batsa yana amfani da matsaloli masu daidaita.

Babu shakka, a cikin masana kimiyya na 2017 sun gwada ka'idar ka'idar "taba al'ada", kuma basu sami goyon baya ga shi ba. Dubi "Shin batsa zai iya zama abin ƙyama? Nazarin FMRI na maza suna neman magani don maganganun batsa masu ban mamaki"Sensitivity to fiction-related cues ya shafi biyu amfani da batsa da kuma masturbation mita. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, kamar kallon batsa ne neurologically akin zuwa taba al'ada:

Ɗauki misalin batsa. Yin tunani game da hanyoyi don samun damar shiga, ko neman rayayye, da kuma yiwuwar sha'awar lokacin aiwatarwa, ana ganin yardar jima'i. Yin kallo da aka zaba abubuwan batsa, ko da ba tare da al'aura ba, za a iya daukar su "yin jima'i" lokacin da akwai hankalin mutum.

Hakanan dan Adam yana bukatar masu bincike da za su yi amfani da kimiyya mai kyau (da kuma neuroscience) don bincika jima'i na mutum da kuma tasirin halin jima'i na yau. Ba masu tsauraran ra'ayi suna yin hidima ba.

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KARANTA #15: Yi hakuri yara, kawai binciken daya ya haɓaka "mai ganewa a matsayin mai shan magunguna" tare da amfani da lokaci, addini da kuma rashin amincewar dabi'a na amfani da batsa

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Da yake magana da zuciyar wannan batu, daya daga cikin manyan matsala ga wasu masu amfani da batsa suna kunya. Shahara game da kallon fina-finai na jima'i an tattara shi a kan jama'a ta hanyar masana'antun maganin jima'i (don riba), da kafofin watsa labaru (don clickbait), da kuma kungiyoyin addini (don tsara jima'i). Abin takaici, ko kun yi imani da kallon fina-finai yana da kyau ko ba haka ba, zubar da fina-finai na fim yana iya taimakawa ga matsalar. A gaskiya, an kara yawan karatun nuna cewa mutane da yawa da suka gane cewa "mai lalata batsa" ba su ganin fina-finan jima'i fiye da sauran mutane ba. Suna jin kunya akan halin su, wanda ke haɗuwa tare da girma a cikin addini ko halayyar jima'i.

An mayar da martani zuwa ga samfurin #15 da mayar da martani ga samfurin #19 a ƙasa, kamar yadda ake biye da tambayoyin batsa guda guda (CPUI-9) da tarihin da suke kewaye da ita da kuma nazarin da suke amfani da shi.

Lura: Babban maƙirari a cikin samfurin da aka sama shi ƙarya ne kamar yadda akwai kawai binciken daya wanda ya haɗa kai tsaye a matsayin mai shan magunguna tare da tsawon lokaci na yin amfani da shi, addini da kuma rashin amincewar dabi'un amfani da batsa. Abubuwan da aka samo sun saba da labarin da aka kirkira game da hankali game da "tsinkayen tsinkaye" (cewa "jarabar batsa kawai kunya ce ta addini / rashin yarda da ɗabi'a") - wanda aka kafa a cikin karatun da ke amfani da kayan aikin da ake kira CPUI-9. A cikin nazarin hulɗar kai tsaye kai tsaye, mafi ƙarfin haɗin kai tare da tsinkayen kai kamar yadda mai shan magani yake tare da shi hours na amfani da batsa. Addini bai kasance mahimmanci ba, kuma yayin da akwai yiwuwar yin sulhu a tsakanin fahimtar mutum a matsayin mai shan magunguna da halayyar kirki game da amfani da batsa, yana da kyau rabi haɗin yin amfani da lokaci-da-amfani.

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KARANTA #16: Uladdamarwa ba daidai ba ne tare da "Comparfafa havarfin Sexwayar Jima'i" a cikin ICD-11

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Yana da matukar muhimmanci a lura da haka compulsivity ba kalmar laima ce wadda ta hada da buri. Addiction, compulsivity, da kuma impulsivity duk daban-daban model tare da alamu daban-daban na amsawa da ke buƙatar jiyya daban-daban. Alal misali, samfurin jaraba hango ko hasashen samfurin karuwanci, amma samfurin compulsivity bazai tsinkaya janyewa ba. Hanyoyin impulsivity hango ko hasashen karfi mai ƙyama ga jinkirta yanke shawara ko jinkirta sa ran jin dadi, yayin da kamfanonin ƙirar suna da tsinkayewa, tsayin daka mai haɗari.

Har ila yau, Prause / Klein / Kohut yayi ƙoƙari na yin amfani da hankali. Suna son ku yarda cewa "compulsivity" yana da alaƙa da Harkokin Cutar Jima'i mai tsanani samfurin ganewa, kuma saboda haka ICD-11 na nufin hana masu kiwon lafiya yin amfani da ita don tantance waɗanda suke da buri da jima'i. Duk da haka, waɗannan sharuddan ba su da ma'ana, wanda ke nufin zamu iya watsi da abin da ya faru na #17 da kuma yunkurin da ya yi don rikitar da mai karatu.

Duk da haka muna so mu sake cire wannan bayanin saboda masu musun jaraba kamar Prause / Klein / Kohut da abokan aikinsu suna da alama suna da ɗan tilasta kansu. Suna dagewa kan sake yin amfani da matsala ta amfani da batsa a matsayin "tilas" - saboda haka yana nuna cewa ba zai taba zama "jaraba" ba.

RE: "Compulsivity ba kalmar laima ce wadda ta hada da buri. " Dangane da wanda kuke tambaya, amma irin wannan tambaya ba ta da muhimmanci ga ICD-11 Harkokin Cutar Jima'i mai tsanani ganewar asali. Yin amfani da "Ƙarfi" a cikin sabon ƙaddarwar ICD-11 ba a nufin ɗaukar ƙarancin layin na CSBD ba: "ci gaba da yin jima'i ba tare da komai ba.”A maimakon haka“ Mai tilastawa, ”kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ICD-11, kalma ce ta ba da bayani wacce aka yi amfani da ita tsawon shekaru, kuma galibi ana aiki da ita ta hanyar“ jaraba ”. (Misali masanin Google nema tilasta jaraba ya dawo bayanan 130,000.)

Sakamakon #17 ya rigaya ya sani a kan jahilci na ainihi game da hujja ta gaskiya: A ICD da kuma DSM tsarin fassarar, yawanci tsarin haɓakawa maras kyau. Suna dogara ne akan kasancewar ko rashin takamaiman alamomi da alamun cututtuka don kafa samfurori. A wasu kalmomi, ICD da DSM sun tsaya daga bada amincewa da duk wani ka'idar nazarin halittu wanda ke haifar da rashin hankali, ko don rashin tausayi, schizophrenia, alcoholism, ko CSBD.

Saboda haka, komai ka ko kuma mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya yana so ya kira shi - "'yanci," "jima'i na batsa," "jima'i da jima'i," "halin jima'i da zubar da hankali", "cin zarafin cybersex" - idan al'amuran sun auku a cikin' bayanin, za'a iya bincikar yanayin ta amfani da ganewar ICD-11 CSBD.

Ba zato ba tsammani, yayin da sakin labaran kamfanin na cigaban lafiyar jima'i ya bayyana, da Harkokin Cutar Jima'i mai tsanani yana ƙarƙashin "rikitarwa masu tayar da hankali" yanzu amma wannan zai iya canzawa kamar yadda ya yi don Ƙungiyar Tambaya.

A yanzu, nau'in iyaye na sabon ƙaddarwar CSBD shine ƙwayoyin cuta na Rashin Jigaba, wanda ya haɗa da bincikar kamuwa da cutar irin su Pyromania [6C70], Kleptomania [6C71] da Cigabawar Cutar Dama (6C73). Duk da haka shakku sun kasance game da tsari nagari. Kamar yadda Yale neuroscientist Marc Potenza MD PhD da Mateusz Gola PhD, mai bincike a Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyya na Poland da Jami'ar California San Diego ya nuna cewa, "Samun da ake yi na yaudarar cutar CSB a matsayin rikici-rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen abu ne mai rikitarwa kamar yadda wasu samfurori sun kasance samarwa ...Akwai bayanai da ke bayar da shawarar cewa CSB ta ba da dama da fasali tare da rikitarwa. " 7

Zai iya zama abin lura cewa ICD-11 ya haɗa da bincikar cuta na Caca a ƙarƙashin rikice-rikice guda biyu Saboda halayen Nishaɗi da underarƙashin Rarraba Rarraba Rarraba. Don haka, rarrabuwa cuta Bai kamata a koyaushe ku kasance mai zaman kansa ba.5 Hakanan rarrabuwa na iya canzawa tare da lokaci. Cutar Caca ta asali an lasafta ta a matsayin cuta ta motsawa a cikin duka DSM-IV da ICD-10, amma dangane da ci gaba a cikin fahimtar fahimta, An sake rarraba Cutar Cutar a matsayin "Cutar da ke da Alaƙa da Addarfafawa" (DSM-5) da wani "Rashin Lafiya saboda toabi'ar icari" (ICD-11). Mai yiyuwa ne wannan sabon Ƙididdigar CSBD na iya bi irin wannan ci gaba kamar yadda Cutar Tambaya ta ƙunsa.

Yayin da CSBD yayi kama da jaraba da ƙwaƙwalwa kamar jaraba, yana farawa a cikin "Cutar Gudanarwa" don dalilai na siyasa. Harkokin Siyasa, masu nazarin ilimin lissafi wadanda ke wallafa nazarin kwakwalwa kan al'amuran CSB sun yi imanin cewa gidansa mai kyau yana tare da wasu tsofaffin ƙwayoyi. Daga Lancet sharhin, Shin halayen jima'i ne mai rikitarwa? (2017):

kleinHarkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani ya zama daidai da rashin lafiyar jiki wanda aka ba da shi ga ICD-11, daidai da lokacin da ya fi dacewa da cin zarafin jima'i a halin yanzu da aka ba da shawara don ciwon halayyar jima'i a kan shafin yanar gizon ICD-11. Mun yi imanin cewa rarrabawar rikitarwa na halayen jima'i a matsayin abin ba da jima'i ya kasance daidai da bayanan da suka gabata kuma zai iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da kuma mutanen da ke shan wahala da cutar ta wannan cuta.

Af, ko da “orderarfafa halayen halayen jima'i” daga ƙarshe an koma shi zuwa "Rikicin Saboda toabi'ar icarfafawa" har ilayau ana iya kiransa "Cutar Beabi'ar ulsarfi da ulsarfi Bugu da ƙari, "compulsivity" ba daidai yake da ganewar asali na CSBD ba.

RE: Addiction, compulsivity, da kuma impulsivity duk daban-daban model tare da alamu daban-daban na amsawa da ke buƙatar jiyya daban-daban.

Na farko, mahaɗin yana zuwa wani takarda mai rikitarwa wanda ya gabatar da samfurin "jima'i" abin da kawai ya faru a madubi al'ada alamu na jima'i na jin tsoro, yin aiki, da kuma rashin jin dadi. Misali:

Musamman, haɗarin jima'i ya nuna cewa sake zagaye na jima'i ya ƙunshi nau'i hudu da tsararru waɗanda aka kwatanta a matsayin jima'i da jima'i, halayyar jima'i, da zubar da jima'i.

Shi ke nan. Wannan yana bani kwarin gwiwa don sanar da tsarin ka'ida na cin abinci, tare da matakai guda hudu masu zuwa: jin yunwa, kwadaitar da cin abinci, cin abinci, jin dadi da tsayawa. Jaridar ta nemi sharhi game da wannan "tsarin yanayin jima'i." Ina ba da shawarar wannan: Shirye-shiryen Abubuwan Lalata Abubuwan Harkokin Kimiyya na Jima'i a matsayin Cutar.

Abu na biyu, nazarin jaraba yana nazarin akai-akai da cewa fassarar fasali abubuwa na biyu impulsivity da compulsivity. (Binciken Bincike a Google buri + impulsivity + compulsivity ya dawo ayoyin 22,000.) Ga kalmomi masu sauƙi na impulsivity da kuma compulsivity:

  • Impulsivity: Yin aiki da sauri kuma ba tare da isasshen tunani ba ko tsarawa saboda amsawar da ke ciki ko na waje. Da'awar yarda da karɓar kwanciyar hanzari kadan a kan mafi girma ya jinkirta jinkirin da kuma rashin yiwuwar dakatar da halayyar gamsuwa idan an fara motsi.
  • Compulsivity: Yana ƙin nuna halin da ake yi akai-akai da aka yi bisa ga wasu dokoki ko a cikin yanayin stereotypical. Wadannan dabi'un suna jimre koda a fuska masu tasiri.

A bayyane yake, masu bincike na farfadowa sau da yawa yawanci jaraba kamar yadda ake tasowa daga damuwa halayyar neman yardar rai Abubuwan haɗakarwa mai mahimmanci don kauce wa rashin jin daɗi (kamar zafi na janyewa). Ta haka ne, buri ya ƙunshi wani abu na duka biyu, tare da sauran abubuwa. Saboda haka bambance-bambance tsakanin "model" na impulsivity da compulsivity kamar yadda suka danganci CSBD ba kome ba ne amma yanke da bushe.

Na uku, damuwa game da buƙatun magani daban-daban na kowane samfurin jan layi ne kamar yadda ICD-11 ba ta yarda da kowane magani na musamman ga CSBD ko wata cuta ta hankali ko ta jiki ba. Wannan ya rage ga likitan lafiya. A cikin takardarsa ta 2018, “Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari: A tsarin da ba a yanke hukunci ba, Memba na kungiyar CSBD memba na kungiyar Jon Grant (wannan masanin wanda Prause / Klein / Kohut yayi kuskuren gabatarwa a baya) ya rufe kuskuren ganewar asali, ganewar asali daban daban, cututtukan da ke tattare da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban da suka shafi sabon binciken CSBD. Ba zato ba tsammani, Grant ya ce halaye na Jima'i Mai Haushi kuma ana kiransa "jarabar jima'i" a cikin wannan takarda!

"Ba jaraba ba ce, tilastawa ce." Wannan ya kawo mu ga 'tursasawa' tare da tattaunawa. Addiction da kuma tilas su ne kalmomin da suka shiga cikin harshenmu na yau da kullum. Kamar kalmomin da suke amfani dasu, ana iya amfani da su kuma ba a fahimta ba.

A cikin jayayya da ma'anar cin zarafin ɗabi'a, musamman jarabar batsa, masu shakka sau da yawa suna da'awar cewa jarabar batsa 'tilastawa ce' kuma ba gaskiya ba ce 'buri'. Wadansu ma sun dage cewa jaraba kamar '' Tashin hankali ne-Mai Tsangwama (OCD). Lokacin da aka kara matsawa game da yadda 'tilasta yin amfani da X' ya bambanta ta hanyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar 'jaraba zuwa X', dawowar da waɗannan masu shakku marasa fahimta suka yi ita ce cewa "cin zarafin ɗabi'a wani nau'i ne na OCD." Ba gaskiya bane.

Lissafi da yawa na bincike sun nuna cewa jita-jita ya bambanta daga OCD a hanyoyi masu yawa, ciki har da bambance-bambancen neurological. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa DSM-5 da ICD-11 suna da nau'o'in bincike na musamman rikice-rikice-rikice kuma don rikici ƙari. Nazarin bar kadan shakka cewa CSBD ne ba wani irin OCD. A gaskiya ma, adadin mutanen CSB tare da OCD masu haɗuwa da juna suna mamaki. Daga Ceptwarewa da Bincike na Cutar Luwaɗi: Nazarin Tsarin Litattafai (2016)

An yi la'akari da rashin ciwo mai rikitarwa-nau'ikan bidiyon da ke tattare da fahimtar jima'i (40) saboda wasu nazarin da aka gano wadanda ke da halayyar halayya ta halayya a kan rashin tausananciyar cuta (OCD). OCD don halin jima'i ba daidai da DSM-5 (1) fahimtar ganewa na OCD ba, wanda ya ware daga ganewar asali waɗannan dabi'un da mutane ke jin dadi. Kodayake tunanin tunanin na OCD sau da yawa yana da jituwa ta jima'i, haɗin da ake haɗuwa da shi don mayar da martani ga al'amuran ba'ayi dashi ba don jin dadi. Kowane mutum tare da rahoton OCD ya ji labarin jin tsoro da ƙyama fiye da sha'awar jima'i ko ƙwaƙwalwa lokacin da aka fuskanci yanayi da ke haifar da ra'ayi da ƙaddamarwa, tare da ƙarshen abin da aka yi kawai don kawar da rashin jin daɗin abubuwan da ke damuwa. (41)

Daga wannan Yuni, binciken 2018: Ganawa Ƙungiyar Aikatawa da Ƙarfafawa a Matsanancin Jima'i:

Bayanan bincike sun yi nazari akan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin compulsivity da liwadi. Daga cikin maza da cututtukan mata ba tare da jin dadi ba [CSBD], rashin lafiyar rayuwa mai rikitarwa-rikitarwa-rashin lafiyar jiki wanda ke dauke da ladabi-daga cikin 0% zuwa 14%

Rashin hankali-wanda zai iya haɗuwa da halayyar tilastawa-a cikin masu neman maganin maɗaukaki tare da haɗin kai an samo su da za a daukaka dangane da ƙungiyar kwatanta, amma girman girman wannan bambanci ya kasa raunana. Lokacin da haɗin kai tsakanin matakin da ake damu da halayyar mutum - an tantance shi ta hanyar asusun na Intanet na Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) - da kuma matakin jima'i da aka bincika a tsakanin masu neman lafiyar maza da ciwon haɗin kai, wani tayi ga an samu wani bangare mai kyau, mai rauni. Dangane da sakamakon da aka ambata, compulsivity ya bayyana don taimakawa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan dabi'u ga haɗin kai [CSBD].

A cikin nazarin daya, ana nazarin yawancin kamfanoni dangane da maganin batsa na cikin batutuwan maza, suna nuna ƙungiyoyi masu kyau amma masu rauni. Lokacin da aka bincika a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci, dangantakar da ke tsakanin yawancin jama'a da kuma maganin batsa ta hanyar yin jima'i ta hanyar jima'i da jita-jitar yanar gizo, da kuma jita-jita gaba ɗaya. A haɗuwa, ƙungiyoyi tsakanin compulsivity da jima'i da damuwa da kuma matsala suna nuna rashin ƙarfi.

Akwai muhawara a halin yanzu game da yadda za a iya magance matsalolin jima'i (irin su haɗin kai da kuma rikice-rikice na batsa), tare da samfurori masu gwagwarmaya da ke ba da ladabi a matsayin rikici-rikici, rikice-rikice-rikice-rikice, ko rikice-rikice hali. Abubuwan da ke tsakanin fassarar batuttuka na impulsivity da compulsivity da matsalolin jima'i ya kamata ya sanar da irin waɗannan sharuddan, kodayake duka impulsivity da compulsivity sun kasance suna cikin rikici.

Sakamakon cewa impulsivity da alaka da daidaituwa zuwa haɗin kai yana bada goyon baya ga rarrabuwa da mummunar halin halayen halayen jima'i (kamar yadda aka tsara don ICD-11; Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a matsayin cuta mai rikici. ko a matsayin buri na hali. A la'akari da sauran cututtuka da ake samar da su a halin yanzu a matsayin rikici-rikici (misali, rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa, pyromania, kleptomania) da kuma ainihin abubuwan da ke tattare da halayyar halayyar jima'i da kuma matsalolin da ake kawowa saboda zalunci (misali, caca da kuma wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon), rarrabuwa da mummunar halin halayen jima'i a cikin yanki na karshe ya fi dacewa goyan baya. (Girmamawa bayar)

A ƙarshe, duk binciken nazarin ilmin lissafi da na neuropsychological da aka buga a kan masu amfani da batsa da batsa (wanda ake kira CSB) ya dace da tsarin jaraba (kamar yadda ake yi nazarin nazarin busawa ko haƙuri).

a 2016 George F. Koob da kuma Nora D. Volkow  sun wallafa nazarin su na asali a cikin The New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Ci gaba daga cuta na Brain Model na Addiction. Koob shi ne Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Maganin Alcohol da Alcohol (NIAAA), kuma Volkow shi ne darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Cutar Abuka (NIDA). Wannan takarda ya kwatanta babban saurin kwakwalwa da ya shafi magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da halayya, yayin da yake bayyana a farkon sakin layi cewa cin zarafin halayen jima'i akwai:

Mun yanke shawarar cewa ciwon daji ya ci gaba da tallafawa tsarin ƙwayar cutar kwakwalwa. Neuroscience bincike a cikin wannan yanki ba kawai bayar da sabon damar don rigakafin da magani na jaraba da abubuwa da kuma abin da ya shafi addiction (misali, don abinci, jima'i, da caca) ....

Takaddar Volkow & Koob ta tsara sauye-sauye huɗu masu alaƙa da ƙwaƙwalwa, waɗanda sune: 1) Sensitization, 2) Rashin ƙarewa, 3) Hanyoyi na farko na dysfunctional (hypofrontality), 4) Malfunctioning stress system. Dukkanin 4 na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa an gano su a cikin binciken nazarin ilimin lissafi da neuropsychological da aka jera wannan page:

  • Nazarin nazarin rahoton sanarwa (cue-reactivity & cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jarabar jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • Rubuce-rubucen nazarin lalatawa ko haɓaka (wanda ya haifar da haƙuri) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i addicts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Karatuttukan da ke ba da rahoton aikin zartarwa mafi ƙaranci (hypofrontality) ko canza ayyukan gabatarwar gaba a cikin masu amfani da batsa / masu jarabar jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
  • Nazarin da ke nuna tsarin damuwa na dysfunctional a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Shawarwarin shaida game da CSBD ya dace da samfurin jaraba.

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KARANTA #17: Masu amfani da Intanet suna shawo kan janyewa da haƙuri

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Misali, batutuwa na jaraba hango ko hasashen janyewar bayyanar cututtuka, amma ƙwarewa bazai yi tsammani janyewa ba. Hanyoyin impulsivity hango ko hasashen karfi mai ƙyama ga jinkirta yanke shawara ko jinkirta sa ran jin dadi, yayin da kamfanonin ƙirar suna da tsinkayewa, tsayin daka mai haɗari.

RE: janyewar bayyanar cututtuka. Gaskiyar ita ce, ba a buƙatar bayyanar cututtuka don bincika jaraba. Da farko, zaku sami yaren "ba haƙuri ko janyewa yana da mahimmanci ko isa ga ganewar asali…" a cikin duka DSM-IV-TR da DSM-5. Abu na biyu, da'awar cewa “ainihin” shaye-shayen suna haifar da mummunan barazanar bayyanar cututtuka cikin kuskure ya bayyana dogara da lafiyar jiki tare da kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. Wani bayani daga wannan nazari na 2015 na wallafe-wallafen yana ba da ƙarin bayani game da fasaha (Abubuwan da ke cikin yanar-gizon Intanit Hotuna: A Review da Update):

Babban mahimmanci na wannan mataki shine cewa janyewar ba game da ilimin lissafi ba daga wani abu. Maimakon haka, wannan samfurin ya janye ta hanyar mummunan tasiri wanda ya haifar da tsari. Hanyoyin motsa jiki irin su tashin hankali, damuwa, dysphoria, da rashin tausayi suna nuna alamun karɓuwa a cikin wannan tsarin jaraba [43,45]. Masu bincike sun yi tsayayya da ra'ayi na halin da ake yin haɗari sukan saba shukawa ko rashin fahimtar wannan bambanci mai banbanci, raguwa da detoxification [46,47].

Babu Husaini, Klein, ko Kohut sun wallafa wani nazari na jaraba, kuma yana nuna. A da'awar cewa janyewar bayyanar cututtuka da juriya dole ne su kasance a wurin gano asali wani jaraba sunyi kuskuren rikici na rikicewa dogara ta jiki tare da addiction. Wadannan sharuddan basu da mahimmanci.

Misali, miliyoyin mutane suna daukar manyan magunguna na yau da kullun kamar su opioids don ciwo mai tsanani, ko kuma prednisone don yanayin autoimmune. Brawaƙwalwar su da kyallen takarda sun dogara da su, kuma daina amfani da shi nan da nan na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtukan ficewa. Koyaya ba lallai bane su kamu. Addiction ya haɗa da sauye-sauye da yawa da aka gano na ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda ke haifar da abin da muka sani da “ƙwarewar jaraba”. Idan bambancin bai bayyana ba, ina ba da shawarar wannan bayani mai sauƙi daga NIDA:

Addiction-ko yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi duk da sakamakon cutarwa-ana alakanta shi da rashin iya dakatar da amfani da magani; rashin cika wajibai na aiki, zamantakewa, ko na iyali; kuma, wani lokacin (dangane da magani), haƙuri da janyewa. Thearshen yana nuna dogaro na jiki wanda jiki ya dace da magani, yana buƙatar ƙari don cimma wani sakamako (haƙuri) da kuma haifar da takamaiman magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na hankali idan an daina amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (janyewa). Dogaro da jiki na iya faruwa tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi masu yawa na yau da kullun-gami da yawancin magungunan ƙwayoyi, koda kuwa an ɗauka kamar yadda aka umurta. Sabili da haka, dogaro da jiki a cikin kansa da kansa ba ya zama jaraba, amma sau da yawa yakan haɗu da jaraba.

Wannan ya ce, internet porn binciken da kuma da yawa rahotanni kai nuna cewa wasu masu amfani da batsa suna kwarewa janyewar da / ko haƙuri - waxanda galibi suke halayyar dogaro da jiki. A zahiri, tsofaffin masu amfani da batsa suna ba da rahoton abin mamaki mai tsanani janyewar bayyanar cututtuka, wadanda ke da mahimmanci daga janyewar miyagun ƙwayoyi: rashin barci, damuwa, rashin tausayi, rashin saurin yanayi, ciwon kai, rashin natsuwa, mummunar hankali, gajiya, damuwa, rashin jin daɗin rayuwa da rashin asarar libido wanda mutane ke kira da 'launi' (a fili na musamman zuwa rabuwar batsa). Wani alama kuma na dogara na jiki da aka ruwaito ta hanyar masu amfani da batsa yana buƙatar batsa don samun tsararraki ko kuma samun mazha.

Canja lakabin (CSBD) ko “samfurin” (watau impulsivity) da ake amfani da su ga waɗannan masu amfani ba zai canza ainihin alamun bayyanar da suka ruwaito ba. (Duba Menene janye daga buri na batsa? da wannan PDF din tare da rahotannin “janyewar bayyanar cututtuka. "

Taimako mai mahimmanci? Duk binciken da ya yi kari, ya ruwaito alamun karbowa: Nazarin 10 sunyi rahoton alamun karbowa a cikin masu amfani da batsa. Misali, yi la’akari da wannan jadawalin binciken na shekarar 2017 wanda ke ba da rahoton ci gaban da gwajin na Mawuyacin batsa yana amfani da tambayoyi. Ka lura cewa an samu hujjoji na "haƙuri" da kuma "janyewa" a cikin masu amfani da haɗari da masu amfani da ƙananan haɗari.

klein

Kundin 2018 da aka ruwaito akan Haɓakawa da Tabbatar da Sashen Gidaji na Bergen-Yale Jima'i tare da Babban Samfurin kasa Har ila yau, an tantance janyewa da haƙuri. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da “jarabar jima’i” waɗanda aka gani a cikin batutuwa sune salience / sha'awar da haƙuri, amma sauran abubuwan, gami da janyewa, suma sun nuna. Studiesarin karatun bayar da rahoton shaidar janyewa ko haƙuri shine tattara a nan.

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KARANTA #18: Wani labarin "Kasuwancin Kasuwanci" shine duk abin da kuke tallafawa don tabbatar da gaskiyar ku?

GABATARWA SHIRYE: "Jima'i jima'i" ya kasance musamman cire daga ICD-11 don rashin shaida. Wannan hukuncin ya dace da ra'ayin masu sana'a shida kungiyoyin da na asibiti da kuma ilimin bincike, wanda kuma ya samo asali marasa shaida don tallafawa ra'ayin cewa jima'i ko batsa yana da nishaɗi.

Game da tabbatar da cewa, "Jima'i jima'i" ya kasance musamman cire daga ICD-11 don rashin shaida, a zahiri, a'a, ba haka bane. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a wani wuri, ICD-11 ko APA na DSM-5 ba su taɓa yin amfani da kalmar “jaraba” don bayyana jaraba - ko jarabar caca ce, ko jarabar heroin. Dukansu litattafan binciken bincike suna irin wannan cutar kamar “cuta” a maimakon haka. (Cikakkun bayanai game da keɓancewar '' Saduwa ta Saduwa '' daga DSM-5 an samo ta a sama a ƙarƙashin Maɗaukaki # 1.) Don haka, "jarabar jima'i" ba a taɓa yin la'akari da tsari don haɗawa a cikin kowane littafi ba (kuma saboda haka ba a “ƙi” ba) ko dai).

Game da haɗin farko, yana tafiya zuwa takaice business Insider labarin, ba zuwa sanarwa na WHO ba. Wannan dama. Hanyoyin watsa labarai masu kyau duka ne Slate Labari ya bayar don tallafawa marubutan burinsu. Duk da haka, Prause / Klein / Kohut ya kamata su karanta labarin kafin dogaro da shi, kamar yadda masanin kimiyyar da aka nakalto ya faɗi cewa jarabar halayen jima'i akwai su:

Endocrinologist Robert Lustig ya gaya business Insider a farkon wannan shekara yawancin ayyukan da zasu iya kawo jin daɗi, kamar cin kasuwa, cin abinci, wasan bidiyo, yin amfani da batsa, har ma da amfani da hanyar sada zumunta duk suna da addicarfin jaraba yayin ɗauka zuwa tsauraran matakai. "Yayi daidai da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya kamar yadda duk waɗannan kwayoyi suke yi," in ji shi. “Wannan kawai bai yi wani yanki ba. Wannan ba ya sanya shi ba buri ba. Har yanzu jaraba ce, kawai dai jaraba ce ba tare da tasirin wani yanki ba. ”

Me ya sa ba Slate labarin yana danganta zuwa wata mujallar kimiyya, kamar wannan 2017 Lancet sharhin, co-rubuce ta kungiyar CSBD Shane Kraus, Ph.D? To, saboda Lancet sharhi ya ce hujjojin hujja goyon bayan An sanya CSBD a matsayin rashin tausayi:

Mun yi imanin cewa rarrabawar rikitarwa na halayen jima'i a matsayin abin ba da jima'i ya kasance daidai da bayanan da suka gabata kuma zai iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da kuma mutanen da ke shan wahala da cutar ta wannan cuta.

ICD-11's Harkokin Cutar Jima'i mai tsanani ganewar asali yana ƙarƙashin "rikitarwa na rikici" a yanzu, amma wannan zai iya canzawa a nan gaba, kamar yadda ya yi don Cutar Guda. A cikin wannan labarin da ke da alhakin ɗaura wakilan wakilai na WHO, Kraus bar bude yiwuwar cewa CSBD a ƙarshe za'a sanya shi a cikin "Rikici saboda Beabi'ar Addarfafawa" na littafin bincike na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.

Kuma kamar yadda Kraus ya sanya shi, "Wannan ba shakka ba shine mafita karshe ba, amma yana da kyakkyawar wuri don ƙarin bincike da magani ga mutane."

Abin da ka ko mai ba ku kiwon lafiya yana so ya kira shi - "liwadi," "jarabar batsa," "jarabar jima'i," "halayyar jima'i ta wuce gona da iri," "jarabar cybersex" - idan halayyar ta fada cikin "Cutar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Haɗu" Bayani, ana iya bincikar yanayin ta amfani da ICD-11 lambar CSBD.

Re: "kungiyoyi masu sana'a shida." A gaskiya, da Slate labarin ya samar da haɗin 3 zuwa "kungiyoyi masu sana'a" da kuma hanyar haɗi guda zuwa wani labari na 2012 David Ley game da DSM-5 na kawar da Harkokin Harkokin Maɗaukaki (wanda aka tattauna a karkashin Karin bayani #1). Bari muyi kusa da wannan tallafi mai ban sha'awa.

Rukunin #1: Link ya zuwa gagarumin sanarwar 2016 KASHI. KASHI ba cibiyar kimiyya ce ba kuma ba ta ambata kome ba don tallafawa maganganun a cikin sakin labaransa - ya sa ra'ayi ya zama maras ma'ana.

Yawancin mahimmanci Maganar da aka yi ta hanyar da Michael Hannin da wasu 'yan sauran wakilai suka yi amfani da ita sunyi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi masu tsauraran ra'ayi kamar yadda Haruna ya yarda a wannan Psychology yau blog post: Analysis: Ta yaya aka kirkiro Maganar Jima'i ta Jima'i. Wani bayani daga wannan bincike Decoding ACTION ta "Matsayi akan Yin jima'i jima'i, ya taƙaita rubutun Haruna:

Neman haƙurin AASECT na “tsarin jarabar jima’i” ya zama “munafunci ƙwarai da gaske,” a cikin shekarar 2014 Dokta Aaron ya tashi don kawar da tallafi don manufar “jarabar jima’i” daga sahun AASECT. Don cimma burin sa, Dr. Aaron yayi ikirarin cewa da gangan ya shuka sabani tsakanin mambobin kungiyar AASECT domin tona asirin wadanda suke da ra'ayoyin da basu yarda da nasa ba, sannan kuma ya fito fili ya rufe wadannan ra'ayoyin yayin da yake jagorantar kungiyar wajen kin amincewa da "jarabar jima'i abin koyi. ” Dr. Aaron ya ba da hujja ta amfani da wadannan "yan tawaye, 'yan tawaye [sic] dabarar "ta hanyar yin la'akari da cewa ya saba da" masana'antu "wanda ke bin tsarin" jima'i na jima'i "wanda matsalolin kudi zai hana shi daga kawo su a gefensa tare da tunani da dalili. Maimakon haka, don aiwatar da "canji mai sauri" a cikin "saƙon" ta AAP, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da cewa ba'a daɗaɗɗun muryoyin maganganun jima'i ba tare da an haɗa su ba a cikin tattaunawa game da sauye-sauyen hanya.

Dr. Haruna ya yi al'ajabi ya zo kusa da kadan. Mutane suna da girman kai, ba su da yawa, suna ƙaddamar da muhawarar kimiyya da kimiyya. Kuma yana da kyau cewa Dokta Haruna ya yi amfani da lokacin da kudi don zama CST da kungiyar ta amince da ita "kawai munafunci" kawai a shekara guda bayan shiga shi (idan ba a gabani ba). Idan wani abu shine Dr. Haruna wanda ya nuna munafunci lokacin da ya soki 'yan jari-hujja na "jima'i" wanda ya warkar da kudi a cikin "jima'i na jima'i", yayin da, a fili, yana da irin wannan zuba jari a wajen inganta ra'ayinsa

Yawancin sharhi da kuma sharhi sun nuna maƙasudin KASA akan abinda ainihin ita ce: siyasar jima'i:

Rukunin #2: Haɗin mahaɗa yana zuwa wata sanarwa ta forungiyar Kula da Masu Yin lalata da Jima'i (ATSA). Babu inda bayanin matsayi ya nuna cewa jarabar jima'i babu. Maimakon haka ATSA tana tunatar da mu cewa yin jima'i ba tare da haɗin kai ba cin zarafi ne (misali, Harvey Weinstein) kuma "mai yiwuwa - ba sakamakon jarabar jima'i ba." Tabbas gaskiya ne.

mahada #3: Langa yana zuwa wata sanarwa na Nuwamba, 2017 ta kungiyoyi uku marasa riba. "Shaidun" da suka kawo sunayensu sun lalata jerin layi tare da layi a cikin wannan binciken: Rushewar takardun "kungiya" wanda ke tsayayya da buri da jima'i (Nuwamba, 2017).

Ba zato ba tsammani, ya bayyana cewa duka AASECT da ƙungiyoyin kink 3 sun samar da ayyukansu a cikin yunƙurin ƙoƙari don dakatar da sabon cutar ta "CSBD" daga shiga cikin ICD-11. A bayyane yake, ba a karɓar masana a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta wannan damisa mai haɗin takarda ba, a matsayin sabon ganewar asali ya bayyana a cikin tsarin aiwatarwa na ICD-11.

Rukunin #4: Link ya tafi Yin jima'i jima'i: Karyatawa Duk da haka kuma ta APA. Cutar Lantarki ba za a Cika a cikin DSM5 ba. Wannan matsayi na David Ley ya zama abin lura saboda yana nuna alamar ƙirar da ake aiki a ko'ina cikin Slate labarin by Ley ta kusa da sãshensu waliyyai. Lokacin da DSM-5 ya ki amincewa da maganganun "Saduwa da Lantarki" Ley da 'yan sandansa sun fice shi a matsayin kin amincewa da "Yin jima'i jima'i. ” Amma duk da haka lokacin da ICD-11 ta haɗu da laimar ganewar asali na "Bearfafa halayen halayen jima'i" sun zana shi azaman ban da "Yin jima'i jima'i. "Me ya sa damuwa game da rashin daidaito na ciki, dama? Kamar dai cewa baki ba ya da fari, kuma maimaita a cikin tweets, a kan abubuwan da aka lissafa da kuma Facebook da kuma abubuwan da suke kama da Klein / Kohut / Yi waƙa.

Na gaba, mayar da kuɗin ku ta amfani da kamfani mai tsada na PR. Zai iya sanya ku da farfagandar ku a cikin gidajen watsa labarai na yau da kullun daban-daban, suna nuna ku a matsayin ƙwararrun duniya. Ba kome ba idan ba ilimi ba ne, ba ku da alaƙa da jami'a tsawon shekaru, ko kuma ku sami PhD ɗin ku daga cibiyar ilimin jima'i da ba a yarda da ku ba.

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KARANTA # 15 & # 19: The kawai nazarin don daidaita "kai-ganewa a matsayin mai shan magunguna" tare da aiki da yawa, addini da kuma rashin amincewa da halin kirki gano cewa yin amfani da batsa shi ne mafi kyawun annabci na gaskantawa cewa kai batsa ne akan batsa

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Da yake magana da zuciyar wannan batu, daya daga cikin manyan matsala ga wasu masu amfani da batsa suna kunya. Shahara game da kallon fina-finai na jima'i an tattara shi a kan jama'a ta hanyar masana'antun maganin jima'i (don riba), da kafofin watsa labaru (don clickbait), da kuma kungiyoyin addini (don tsara jima'i). Abin takaici, ko kun yi imani da kallon fina-finai yana da kyau ko ba haka ba, zubar da fina-finai na fim yana iya taimakawa ga matsalar. A gaskiya, an kara yawan karatun nuna cewa mutane da yawa da suka gane cewa "mai lalata batsa" ba su ganin fina-finan jima'i fiye da sauran mutane ba. Suna jin kunya akan halin su, wanda ke haɗuwa tare da girma a cikin addini ko halayyar jima'i.

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Shawarwarin da za a haɗa da daukar nauyin jima'i a ICD-11 ya rinjaye mu kamar yadda ba a taɓa gwada ainihin ma'auni da aka zaɓa ba. Musamman, ICD-11 ya tabbatar da cewa kowa yana damuwa game da halin jima'i na yau da kullum saboda "zalunci na dabi'un da rashin amincewa game da halayen jima'i, roƙo ko hali" ya kamata a cire daga ganewar asali. Duk da haka, hukunce-hukuncen dabi'a da rashin yarda su ne mafi tsinkaye masu hangen nesa na wani wanda ya gaskata cewa su ne batsa batsa da farko.

Abubuwan da ke biyowa shine haɗuwa da aka haɗo zuwa 15 da 19 a matsayin duka ma'amala da tambayoyin batsa guda guda (CPUI-9) da kuma nazarin da suke amfani da su.

lura: Babban maƙirarin da aka gabatar a cikin waɗannan ƙahoɗin ƙarya ƙarya ne kamar yadda akwai kawai binciken daya wanda ya haɗa kai tsaye a matsayin mai shan magunguna tare da tsawon lokaci na yin amfani da shi, addini da kuma rashin amincewar dabi'un amfani da batsa. Abubuwan da aka samo sun saba da labarin da aka kirkira game da hankali game da "tsinkayen jaraba" (cewa "jarabar batsa kawai kunya ce ta addini / rashin yarda da ɗabi'a") - wanda aka kafa akan karatun da ake
kayan aiki mara kyau da aka kira CPUI-9. A cikin nazarin hulɗar kai tsaye kawai, mafi kusantar zumunci tare da fahimtar mutum a matsayin mai shan magani yana tare da hours na amfani da batsa. Addini bai kasance mahimmanci ba, kuma yayin da akwai yiwuwar yin sulhu a tsakanin fahimtar mutum a matsayin mai shan magunguna da halayyar kirki game da amfani da batsa, yana da kyau rabi haɗin yin amfani da lokaci-da-amfani.

A nan mun gabatar da taƙaitacciyar taƙaiceccen jimlar tambayoyin Joshua Grubbs (CPUI-9), tarihin "tunanin batsa batsa," da kuma abin da bayanai masu dacewa suka bayyana. Tunda wannan ya shafi yanar gizo mai zurfi tare da wasu layuka, waɗannan abubuwa uku da gabatarwa sun samar don cikakken bayani game da karatun CPUI-9:

Don fahimtar yadda kawai hanyar bincike-kai tsaye kai tsaye ya rushe dukkanin nazarin CPUI-9, karin bayanan baya taimako. Maganar "fahimtar jarabawar batsa" ba ta nuna kome ba fiye da adadi: jimla a kan abin da ke faruwa na 9-pornography-amfani da tambayoyin tare da tambayoyi uku masu ban sha'awa. Babban mahimmanci shi ne cewa CPUI-9 ya hada da tambayoyin 3 da "kunya da kunya" ba a samo su a cikin kwarewa ba. Wadannan skew sakamakonsa, haddasa masu yin amfani da batutuwan addini don ci gaba da yin amfani da mahimmanci da masu amfani da addini don ci gaba da zalunci fiye da batutuwa da suke yi a kan jita-jita-jita-jita. Ba ya rarrabe alkama daga ƙaiƙayi dangane da gane vs. gaske buri. Kuma ba CPUI-9 ba ta tantancewa ba ainihin batsa batsa daidai.

Ƙiƙarin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwarewa

  1. Na yi imanin cewa ina shafan batsa na Intanit.
  2. Ina jin ba zan iya dakatar da yin amfani da batsa ta bidiyo ba.
  3. Ko da lokacin da ba na so in ga hotuna a kan layi, ina jin dadi

Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Tafiya

  1. A wasu lokuta, Na yi ƙoƙari na shirya jadawalin don in sami damar zama kadai don ganin batsa.
  2. Na ƙi ki fita tare da abokai ko ziyarci wasu ayyuka na zamantakewa don samun dama na ganin batsa.
  3. Na sanya manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci don duba hotuna.

Ra'ayin Rashin Nuna Motsa jiki

  1. Ina jin kunya bayan na kallon batsa a kan layi.
  2. Ina jin takaici bayan duba hotuna a kan layi.
  3. [Kuma] Ina jin ciwo bayan kallon batsa akan layi.

Wadanda ba su taɓa "lakabi kansu a matsayin abin bautar gumaka" a kowace binciken Gububbs: Suna kawai amsa tambayoyin 9 da ke sama, kuma suna samun cikakken ci gaba.

Kalmar “tsinkayen batsa ta batsa” bata gari bace, saboda kawai maki ne mara ma'ana akan kayan aikin da ke haifar da karkatattun sakamako. Amma mutane sun yi za a dauka sun fahimci abin da "tsinkayen tsinkaye" yake nufi. Sun ɗauka yana nufin cewa mahaliccin CPUI-9, Grubbs, sun gano wata hanya don rarrabe ainihin “jaraba” da “imani da jaraba.” Bai kasance ba. Ya kawai ya ba da lakabin yaudara ga "kayan amfani da batsa," CPUI-9. Grubbs bai yi ƙoƙari don gyara kuskuren ra'ayi game da aikinsa wanda ya gudana a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ba, wanda masana ilimin jima'i da masu watsa labaransu ke turawa.

Masu wallafawa da aka zana sunyi kuskuren ƙayyade binciken CPUI-9 kamar:

  • Yin imani da jaraba na batsa shine tushen matsalolinku, ba yin amfani da batsa ba.
  • Masu amfani da batsa na addini ba su da kamuwa da batsa (ko da sun ci nasara a kan Grubbs CPUI-9) - suna da kunya.

Key: tambayoyin Emwarewar alwarewa (7-9) suna sa masu amfani da batsa su sami maki mafi girma kuma masu amfani da batsa na duniya don cin ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanci, kazalika da ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tsakanin "ƙin yarda da ɗabi'a" da jimlar CPUI-9 ("tsinkayen da ake ji") . Don sanya shi wata hanya, idan kuna amfani da sakamako kawai daga tambayoyin CPUI-9 1-6 (wanda ke tantance alamomi da alamomi na wani ainihin jaraba), fasalin ya canza canji - kuma duk abubuwan da suke da'awar kunya suna "ainihin" dalili batsa ba a taba rubutawa ba.

Don dubi wasu kalmomi masu rarrabuwa, bari muyi amfani da bayanai daga takarda 2015 Grubbs ("Shari'ar a matsayin Addin: Addini da Ɗaukaka suna Kushirwa a matsayin Masu Mahimmanci game da Addini ga batsa"). Ya ƙunshi nazarin karatu na musamman na 3 da maɗaukakin maɗaukaki ya nuna cewa addini da halayyar dabi'un "rashin" dabi'a ga imani da batsa.

Tips don fahimtar lambobin a cikin tebur: zero na nufin babu daidaituwa tsakanin nau'i biyu; 1.00 na nufin cikakkiyar daidaitaka tsakanin maɓamai biyu. Girman lambar ya fi ƙarfin daidaita tsakanin maɓallin 2.

A farkon wannan hulɗar mun ga yadda rashin amincewa da halin kirki ya yi daidai da laifin 3 da tambayoyin kunya (Emotional Distress), duk da haka rauni tare da bangarori biyu da suka tantance ainihin jaraba (tambayoyin 1-6). Tambayoyi na Rarraba Motsawa suna haifar da rashin amincewa da dabi'a don kasancewa mafi mahimmanci na hangen nesa na yawan CPUI-9 ƙananan ("buri").

Amma idan muka yi amfani da ainihin tambayoyin batsa (1-6), kuskuren yana da rauni sosai tare da Labaran Disapproval (a cikin kimiyya-magana, Labaran Disapproval shi ne mai tsinkaye mai hangen nesa akan jita-jitar batsa).

Rabi na biyu na labarin shine yadda irin wannan 3 Emotional Distress yayi daidai sosai tare da matakan amfani da batsa, yayin da ainihin tambayoyin batsa (1-6) yayi tasiri sosai tare da matakan amfani da batsa.

Wannan shi ne yadda 3 ke motsawa tambayoyin skew results. Suna haifar da rage dangantaka tsakanin "awowi na yin amfani da batsa" da kuma yawan nauyin CPUI-9 ("tsinkaye"). Bayan haka, an kammala jimlar dukan nau'in 3 na gwajin CPUI-9 wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin "tsinkaye" ta hanyar Grubbs. Sa'an nan kuma, a hannun hannun masu gwagwarmaya masu tsokanar maƙarƙashiya, "ƙwarewar tunanin" rayuka a "kai tsaye a matsayin mai shan magunguna." Masu gwagwarmaya sunyi kokari akan karfafa dangantaka da rashin amincewa da dabi'a, wanda CPUI-9 ko da yaushe samar da, kuma presto! su yanzu suna da'awar cewa, "imani da jita-jitar batsa ba kome ba ne sai kunya!"

Gidan katunan da aka gina a kan laifin 3 da kunya da ba a samo su ba a cikin wani jaraba na jaraba, tare da haɗin tare da ma'anar yaudarar mahaliccin mai tambaya yana amfani da shi don yin la'akari da tambayoyin 9 (a matsayin ma'auni na "tsinkayar labarun batsa").

CPUI-9 gidan katunan ya zo ne tare da nazarin 2017 da ke da banbanci da CPUI-9 a matsayin kayan aiki don tantance ko "hangen nesa da batsa" ko batsa na batsa: Shin Yin amfani da hotuna na Intanet na amfani da Inventory-9 Scores na Nuna Ƙaƙwalwar Kasuwanci a Intanit Hoto Ta Yi amfani da Hoto? Binciken Gwiwar Ɗawuwar Abstinence. Har ila yau, ya gano cewa 1 / 3 na CPUI-9 tambayoyin ya kamata a tsallake don dawo da sakamakon da ya dace da "rashin amincewa da dabi'a," "addini," da "lokutan amfani da batsa." Kuna ganin dukkanin mahimman bayanai a nan, amma Fernandez et al., 2018 Ƙayyade abubuwa:

Na biyu, bincikenmu yana sa shakku game da dacewa da hadawar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar Raba a matsayin ɓangare na CPUI-9. Kamar yadda aka samo a cikin bincike mai yawa (misali, Grubbs et al., 2015a, c), bincikenmu ya nuna cewa yawan amfani na IP ba shi da wata dangantaka da Ra'ayin Dama. Mafi mahimmanci, ainihin ƙwarewa kamar yadda aka fahimta a cikin binciken da aka yi a yanzu (rashin ƙoƙari na ƙoƙarin zartaswa x abstinence kokarin) ba shi da wata dangantaka tare da Ra'ayoyin Matsalar Motsa jiki.

Rahoton motsa jiki na da hankali ya nuna rashin amincewa da halin kirki, bisa ga binciken da ya gabata wanda ya samo wata mahimmanci a tsakanin su biyu (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016) .... Saboda haka, hadawar Rajistar Cigaban Ƙarawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na CPUI-9 na iya skew sakamakon a irin wannan hanyar da ya ƙetare yawancin masu amfani da IP wadanda ba su yarda da batsa ba, kuma suna kare duk abin da ake dadewa na asalin IP masu amfani waɗanda suke da ƙananan ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, amma rashin amincewa da halin kirki na batsa.

Wannan yana iya zama saboda maɓallin Ƙarƙwasawa na Motsa jiki ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na "Guilt" na farko wanda aka samo don amfani musamman tare da al'ummomin addini (Grubbs et al., 2010), kuma mai amfani tare da wadanda ba na addini ba sun kasance ba tare da fahimta ba. alaka da wannan sikelin.

A nan ne da Bincike na ainihin: Tambayoyi na 3 "Tawaye" basu da wuri a CPUI-9, ko duk wani tambayi na batsa. Waɗannan laifuka da tambayoyin kunya sunyi ba tantance abubuwan da suke damuwa game da yin amfani da batsa ko kuma "fahimtar jaraba." Wadannan tambayoyin 3 kawai sun ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin CPUI-9 ne kawai ga wadanda suke addini yayin da suke cinye duk wani nau'i na CPUI-9 don bautar gumaka.

A takaitaccen bayani, ƙaddara da ikirarin da CPUI-9 suka kaddamarwa ba su da kyau. Joshua Grubbs ya kirkiro wani tambayi wanda ba zai iya ba, kuma ba a taɓa yin amfani da shi ba, don rarraba "gane" daga ainihin jaraba: CPUI-9. Tare da zero hujja kimiyya he sake-rijista CPUI-9 a matsayin "jita-jitar batsa".

Saboda CPUI-9 ya hada da tambayoyin 3 masu banƙyama da ke tantance laifi da kunya, 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na addinin kirki' CPUI-9 'yan kallo sukan kasance a skewed sama. Yawancin mafi girma na CPUI-9 don masu amfani da batsa na addini an bashi zuwa ga kafofin yada labaran cewa, "Addinan addini sun yi imani da cewa suna da lalata"Wannan ya biyo bayan karatun da yawa haɓaka rashin amincewa da halin kirki tare da Sakamakon CPUI-9. Tun lokacin da addinai suka kasance sun fi girma akan rashin amincewa da halin kirki, kuma (ta haka) yawan CPUI-9, an furta shi (ba tare da ainihin goyon baya) cewa rashin amincewar addini ba ne gaskiya batsa na batsa. Wannan abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma ba daidai ba ne a matsayin kimiyya.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

KARANTA #20: Wani binciken da aka zarge shi da amfani da taurarin batsa a matsayin batutuwansa kuma ya ba da kuɗi ta hanyar wata kamfani mai riba mai riba don neman halalta ƙimar jima'i mai tsada sosai… ee, wanda zai lalata jarabar batsa

GABATARWA SHIRYE: Mafi mahimmanci, ba mu da nazarin ilimin kimiyya game da ainihin halin jima'i a cikin wadanda ke bayar da rahoton wannan matsala. Nazarin farko game da halayen jima'i a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda ke gwada samfurin compulsivity, a halin yanzu an duba bita a jaridar kimiyya. (Bayyanawa: Daya daga cikin marubucin marubucin wannan labarin, Nicole Prause, shine marubucin marubucin wannan nazarin.) Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta jira don ganin duk wata kimiyya ta goyi bayan bayanan su na yau da kullum kafin su shawo kan miliyoyin mutanen lafiya.

"Ba mu da binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje?" Ba haka bane. Akwai wadatar karatun dakunan gwaje-gwaje da aka buga akan tasirin batsa akan mai kallo (wanda aka jera a ciki Excerpt #9). Mafi mahimmanci, akwai 50 "binciken bincike" tantance ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma tsari a masu amfani da batsa da waɗanda ke tare da CSB.

Mun kuma yi daruruwan karatu a kan manya haɗu da amfani da batsa na ainihi don sakamako mara kyau iri daban-daban kamar ƙananan gamsuwa, ƙoshin gamsuwa na jima'i, kisan aure, rabuwa ta aure, rabuwar aure, ƙananan matakan sadaukarwa, karin magana mara kyau, ƙarancin jima'i, lalatattun maganganun batsa, matsananciyar damuwa, rashin libido, jinkiri ejaculation , talaucin talauci, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, rashin zaman lafiya, damuwa, damuwa, tunanin mutum, damuwa, rashi, narcissism, rage farin ciki, matsaloli a cikin kusanci, ƙarancin dangantaka, ƙima na sadarwar jima'i da damuwa damuwa.

Hakazalika, da karatu Har ila yau, danganta yin amfani da batsa na ainihi don halaye na jiki mara kyau, rashin gamsuwa da muscularity, ƙoshin jiki da tsayi, damuwa mafi girma, damuwa da jima'i, ƙarancin jin daɗin halaye na kusanci, ƙarancin jima'i, rashin sadarwa mai kyau ga duka abokan, rage ra'ayi game da mata cancanta / ɗabi'a / mutuntaka, rashin jinƙai ga mata kamar waɗanda aka yiwa fyaɗe, mafi girman imani cewa mata kayan jima'i ne, ƙarancin halayen jinsi na ci gaba, mafi nuna wariyar jinsi, adawa da aikin tabbatarwa, rashin son magana game da tashin hankali, tunanin mata a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da suke wanzu don gamsar da jima'i na maza, mafi girma riko ga imani cewa iko akan mata kyawawa ne, ƙaramar amsa ga “vanilla sex” erotica, ƙarar buƙatar sabon abu da iri-iri…. da ƙari gaba ɗaya.

Muna da a kan nazarin 270 a kan matasa rahoton cewa amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar masu ilimin kimiyya marasa lafiya, halayyar jima'i, karin zalunci, rashin lafiya, rashin dangantaka, rashin jin daɗin rayuwa, kallon mutane a matsayin abubuwa, kara yawan haɗarin jima'i, rashin amfani da robar roba, mafi girma tashin hankali, tashin hankali ba tare da lalata ba. , mafi yawan halayyar jima'i, rashin jin daɗin jin daɗin rayuwa, ƙananan libido, mafi yawan halayyar halayya, zamantakewa na zamantakewar al'umma, rashin daraja da daraja, matsanancin halin kiwon lafiya, halayyar jima'i, jarabawa, rikice-rikice na jinsi, mafi mahimmanci da nauyin haɗin kai, ayyukan zamantakewa, nauyi shan shayi, ADHD alamomi, rashin fahimtar juna, yarda da karuwar jima'i da jima'i, ƙwarewa game da aure, gabatarwa da yarda da karfin namiji da bautar mata, da rashin jituwa tsakanin maza da mata, ya fi dacewa da gaskanta furucin fyade da karuwanci na karuwanci .... da kuma duk mai yawa.

Za a yi amfani da "binciken bincike-binciken" a nan gaba don amfani da daruruwan binciken da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan? Babu shakka kamar yadda muka riga mun san abubuwa masu yawa game da binciken da yake zuwa game da "halayen halayen halayen halayya". Dukkanin da aka saba da shi da kuma kasuwancin da aka ba da tallafi na wannan bincike sun yi ta yin baƙunci game da shi har tsawon shekaru.

Menene aboki zasu yi a cikin layi? Shin ma'aurata za su kallon batsa? Nope. Shin nazarin na da ƙungiya na kula da kyakyawan batsa da kuma rukunin kulawa don kwatantawa? Nope. Wadannan tambayoyi ne masu muhimmanci, saboda Prause's Mafi shahararren nazarin EEG ya sha wahala daga matakai masu ban sha'awa: 1) batutuwa sun kasance mahaukaci (maza, mata, wadanda ba na namiji ba); 2) batutuwa sun kasance ba a kariya ba saboda rashin kwakwalwa ko ƙwayar cuta; 3) binciken ya babu wani rukuni don kwatantawa; 4) tambayoyi sun kasance ba a tabbatar dashi don yin amfani da batsa ko buri ba. 5) Da yawa daga cikin binciken da ake kira batsa addicts gaske ba gaske batsa addicts. Duk da wannan Fuskantarwa yayi kuskuren binciken karatunta, kamar yadda farfesa masanin halayyar dan adam John A. Johnson ya fallasa a cikin ra'ayoyi biyu daban daban a karkashin tattaunawar Nicole Prause akan Psychology yau (comment #1, comment #2 {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/542939#comment-542939}).

A zahiri, duk alamun da ke akwai shine cewa abokan aikinta ba zasu yi wani abu da ya dace da wannan labarin ba ta Prause / Kohut / Klein. Anan ga abin da muka sani game da wannan har yanzu aikin da ba a buga shi ba: Kamfanin California ne ya ba da izini cewa rukunin yanar gizonta ya lissafa a matsayin babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga, Orgasmic Meditation (wanda ake kira 'OM' da 'OneTaste'), don nazarin fa'idar kwalliyar kwalliya . Daga Yanar gizo na Prause's Liberos:

Magungunan jijiyoyin jiki da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na zuzzurfan tunani ”Babban mai bincike, Farashi mai tsada: $350,000, Tsawon lokaci: shekaru 2, Gidauniyar OneTaste, masu binciken hadin gwiwa: Greg Siegle, Ph.D.

OneTaste tana ɗorawa wasu kuɗaɗe da yawa don halartar taron bita inda mahalarta ke koyon “tunani mai daɗi” (yadda ake bugun gindin mace). Wannan masana'antar ta kwanan nan ta karɓi ɗan bayyana, wanda ke bayyana jama'a (kuma yanzu haka yana kasancewa) FBI ta bincika ta). Ga abubuwan labarai:

Kamfanin OM / OneTaste yana shirin yin amfani da karatun da ake yi na zuwa a "sikelin" kasuwancin su zuwa sababbin wurare. A cewar littafin Bloomberg Ƙungiyar Wuta ta Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Orgasmic,

Sabon sabon shugaban yana yin watsi da binciken da OneTaste ya yi a kan lafiyar lafiyar OM, wanda ya dauki nauyin karatun kwakwalwa daga 130 nau'i na magungunan kullun da bugun jini, za su samo sabbin mutane. Masu bincike daga jami'ar Pittsburgh sunyi jagorancin su binciken ana saran zai samar da farko na takardu masu yawa bayan wannan shekara. "Kimiyyar da ke fitowa da baya ga abin da wannan yake da kuma abin da amfani zai kasance mai girma a cikin mawuyacin hali," in ji Van Vleck

Ba tare da la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kasuwancin bincike na OM's yana magana da haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa ba, ta riga ta nuna (kamar yadda a nan) ko a fili take da'awar (wasu wurare) cewa yana lalata ICD-11 sabon tsarin "Cutar halayen halayen halayen jima'i" (CSBD). (Yawanci sakamakon sakamakon adawar da ta samu a karatun ta na 2013 da 2015 biyu ko ta yaya zubar da jima'i da jima'i.) A takaice, duk wani bincike da aka hayar da wannan masanin kimiyya don yin aiki, za ku iya cinta ta da'awar lalata batsa da jima'i, da sabon CSBD da za a yi amfani dashi don tantance duka biyu!

Ba zato ba tsammani, a ina ne Prause ta sami batutuwa don binciken da ake yi na jarrabawa? Bisa ga tweets da wani dan wasan kwaikwayo, An yi amfani da kwarewa wasan kwaikwayo na batsa a matsayin OM binciken batutuwa, ta hanyar mafi girman iko na motsa jiki na masana'antar porn, da Jagorar Magana Ta Musamman. Duba wannan musayar Twitter tare da yin amfani da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo, Ruby da Big Rubousky, Wanda yake mataimakin shugaban na Adult Performers Actors Guild (Sallah tun a yanzu ya goge wannan zaren)

Amincewa yana amsawa ga Ruby's tweet shine wanda yace mutum na iya zama mai lalata batsa

Tattaunawar ta ci gaba:

Yin aiki yana gaggauta zargin wasu ba tare da nuna wata hujja mai wuya ba, amma binciken OM ya zama misali mai kyau na rikice-rikice masu ban sha'awa: daukan daruruwan dubban dalar Amurka don samun amfanoni na aiki na yaudara, kasuwanci ... da yiwuwar samun batutuwa ta hanyar karfi mai karfi na kamfanoni. Duk yayin da dacewa wajen bauta wa masana'antun batsa ta hanyar da'awar wannan binciken ya ɓata sabuwar ƙididdigar CSBD da za a yi amfani dasu ga waɗanda ke fama da halayen halayen jima'i (fiye da 80% wanda Rahoton rahoto game da amfani da batsa na intanit).

A wani rikicin mai nasaba da OM, Prause da Shugaba OneTaste Nicole Daedone sun caje har $ 1,900 ga kowane mutum don taron bitar kwana 3 da ake kira "Flow & Orgasm." Kamar Yi wasa, Nicole Daedone yana da dogon tarihin halaye abin zargi. Wani yanki daga labarin Ƙungiyar Wuta ta Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Orgasmic Ya zana hoto mai ban mamaki:

A cikin bayanin na 2009, da Times ya ambaci tsoffin mambobin suna cewa Daedone, tsohon Shugaba na OneTaste, ya mallaki “iko iri-iri a kan mabiyanta” kuma “wani lokacin yakan ba da shawarar wanda ya dace da wanda yake so da soyayya.”

Taron bitar na yuppies za'a iya sanya shi azaman rikice-rikicen rikicewar riba biyu ga Dokta Prause: An fara biyanta dubban ɗari don "tabbatar da" fa'idodin da yawa na ofididdigar Orgasmic, sannan a sake biya ta don gabatar da girgizarta ƙasa OM binciken da aka samu a sabuwar shekara mai tsada tare da OneTaste Shugaba wanda ya riga ya biya ta don halatta OM. Da'irar rayuwa.

Babban wasan kida don Nishaɗi. Koyaya, wannan yana yin tambaya akan halaccin duk wani rahoton da aka ruwaito wanda ya samo asali daga karatun Prause's OM. Dole ne mu tambayi: Ta yaya za a iya amfani da karatun OM ba zama son zuciya? Wannan halin ba shi da bambanci da Eli Lilly yana biyan mai bincike don "nazarin" fa'idodin Prozac, sannan biya wannan mai binciken babban kuɗaɗe don gabatarwa game da Prozac a taron likitanci.

Tunani daya "Tambaya "Me ya sa muke damuwa game da kallon hotunan?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, da Nicole Prause)"

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