Nazarin Brain a kan Masu Amfani da Batsa da Jima'i

Wannan shafin yana dauke da jerin abubuwa guda biyu (1) sharhin tushen nazarin ilimin kimiyya da nazari na wallafe-wallafen, kuma, (2) Nazarin ilimin jijiyoyin jiki wanda ke tantance tsarin kwakwalwa da kuma aiki da masu amfani da batsa na Intanet da masu jima'i / jarabar batsa (Harkokin Cutar Jima'i mai tsanani).

Har zuwa yau, duka amma biyu daga cikin binciken 62 na neurological da aka buga suna ba da tallafi ga ƙirar jaraba (babu wani nazarin da ya sabawa samfurin batsa). Sakamakon wadannan ~60 neurological karatu (da kuma karatu mai zuwa) daidai ne da daruruwan jarabar Intanet “Kwakwalwa karatu ”, wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo. Duk goyi bayan abin da ake yin amfani da batsa na intanet zai iya haifar da sauye-sauyen kwakwalwa kamar yadda yake sama da bincike 60 suka ba da rahoto game da haɓaka / haƙuri (yanayin) da alamun cirewa.

Shafin yana farawa tare da 34 mai zuwa tushen neuroscience sharhi & sake dubawa na wallafe-wallafen (wanda aka jera ta ranar fitarwa):

Bayani na Litattafai da Sharhi:

1) Neuroscience na yanar-gizo Pornography Addiction: A Review da Update (Love et al., 2015). Binciken cikakke game da wallafe-wallafen da ke da alaka da labarun yanar-gizon Intanet, tare da mayar da hankali akan jita-jita ta yanar gizo. Har ila yau, wannan bita ya yi mahimmanci biyu Binciken kai tsaye na binciken EEG by teams jagorancin Nicole Farko (wanda ƙarya da'awar binciken ya jefa shakku kan jarabar batsa). Karin bayani:

Mutane da yawa sun gane cewa yawancin halayen da ke iya haifar da ladabi a cikin kwakwalwar mutum yana haifar da hasara da kuma sauran bayyanar cututtuka a akalla wasu mutane. Game da jarabawar Intanet, binciken bincike na kimiyya ya goyi bayan zaton cewa matakan da ke cikin kwakwalwa suna kama da maganin abu ne ... A cikin wannan bita, muna bayar da taƙaitaccen ra'ayi wanda aka kawo jita-jitar da ake bayarwa kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ilimin lissafi akan ilimin yanar gizo da kuma labarun yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, mun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafe na labaran ilmin lissafin yanar gizo na intanet na Intanet da kuma haɗa sakamakon da aka samo asali. Binciken ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa jarabar batsa ta Intanit ya shiga cikin tsarin jaraba da kuma ba da ma'anar irin abubuwan da suka dace da maganin jaraba.

2) Yin jima'i a matsayin cututtuka: Shaida don Bincike, Fahimtacce, da Amsawa ga Masu Musanta (Phillips et al., 2015), wanda ke bayar da sutura wanda ke ɗaukar wasu ƙididdigar bambance-bambance na jima'i / jima'i, da bayar da alamomi da ke musanta su. Excerpts:

Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan labarin, zargi na gama-gari na jima'i a matsayin jaraba na halal ba ya tsayawa idan aka kwatanta da motsi a cikin al'ummomin asibiti da na kimiyya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Akwai isassun hujjoji na kimiyya da goyan bayan jima'i da kuma6 kamar sauran halayen da za a yarda da su azaman jaraba. Wannan tallafin yana fitowa daga fannonin ayyuka da yawa kuma yana ba da bege mai ban mamaki don rungumar canji da gaske yayin da muka fi fahimtar matsalar. Shekaru da yawa na bincike da ci gaba a fagen maganin jaraba da ilimin jijiya sun bayyana hanyoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwar da ke cikin jaraba. Masana kimiyya sun gano hanyoyin gama gari da halayen jaraba ke shafa da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin kwakwalwar masu shan taba da wadanda ba su kamu ba, suna bayyana abubuwan gama gari na jaraba, ba tare da la’akari da abu ko hali ba. Koyaya, akwai sauran tazara tsakanin ci gaban kimiyya da fahimtar jama'a, manufofin jama'a, da ci gaban jiyya.

3) Cybersex Addiction (Brand & Laier, 2015). Excerpts:

Mutane da yawa suna amfani da aikace-aikace na cybersex, musamman batsa ta Intanit. Wasu mutane suna fama da hasara kan amfani da su na cybersex kuma sun bada rahoto cewa ba za su iya tsara tsarin yin amfani da su na cybersex ba ko da kuwa sun sami sakamako mai kyau. A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, jita-jitar cybersex an dauke shi da wani irin nau'in bidiyon Intanet. Wasu nazarin na yanzu sun binciki daidaituwa tsakanin tsangwama na cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali, irin su Cikin Gidan Gaming. Cue-reactivity da kuma sha'awar suna dauke su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cybersex buri. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da ci gaban da cigaba da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo sun hada da rashin lahani a cikin yanke shawara da kuma ayyukan gudanarwa. Nazarin nazarin binciken ne na goyon baya ga zancen al'ada tsakanin magungunan cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali da mawuyacin hali.

4) Kwararren Harkokin Jima'i Mai Haɗakarwa: Kimiyya Masu Mahimmanci (Kraus et al., 2016). Excerpts:

Ko da yake ba a haɗa su a DSM-5 ba, za a iya gano halayen jima'i (CSB) a cikin ICD-10 a matsayin matsalar rikici. Duk da haka, muhawara yana samuwa game da samfurin CSB. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don fahimtar yadda siffofin neurobiological ke danganta da matakan da suka dace da asibiti kamar sakamakon maganin CSB. Kayyade CSB a matsayin 'jaraba na hali' zai kasance da muhimmiyar tasiri ga tsarin siyasa, rigakafi da kokarin gwagwarmayar ... .. Bisa ga wasu kamance tsakanin CSB da ƙaddarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, ayyukan da suka dace don ƙwarewa na iya zama alkawurra ga CSB, don haka samar da hankali ga hanyoyin binciken bincike a nan gaba don bincike wannan yiwuwar kai tsaye.

5) Ya kamata Halayyar Tunawa da Halin Jima'i Game da Abin Yara? (Kraus et al., 2016). Excerpts:

Tare da sakin DSM-5, matsalar caca da aka yi amfani da shi tare da maganin rashin amfani. Wannan canji ya ƙalubalanci imani cewa farfadowa ya faru ne kawai ta hanyar haɓaka abubuwa masu rikitarwa kuma yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga manufofin, rigakafin da maganin. Bayanai sun bada shawara cewa wuce kima a cikin wasu halayen (misali wasan kwaikwayo, jima'i, cin kasuwa) zai iya raba asibiti, kwayoyin halitta, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da abin da ake yiwa abubuwa.

Wani yankin da ake buƙatar ƙarin bincike ya shafi la'akari da yadda canjin fasahar zai iya rinjayar halin halayyar mutum. Idan aka ba da wannan bayanan yana nuna cewa ana iya yin halayyar halayyar jima'i ta hanyar aikace-aikacen Intanit da kuma wayoyin tafiye-tafiye, karin bincike ya kamata su yi la'akari da yadda fasahohin zamani ke danganta da CSB (misali dandalin dandalin yin amfani da labarun Intanit ko jima'i). a wani lokaci).

Akwai fasali a tsakanin CSB da abubuwan da ke amfani da kayan abu. Kwayoyin baƙi na yau da kullum zasu iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalar CSB da kuma amfani da kayan abu, da kuma binciken da ba a yi ba a kwanan nan ya nuna alamomin da suka danganci sha'awar sha'awa da sha'awa. Irin magungunan magani da magunguna na iya zama daidai ga CSB da ƙwarewar abu.

6) Neurobiological Basis na liwadi (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2016). Excerpts:

Abubuwan ƙyama da ke tattare da halayen mutum da kuma ma'anar liwadi ya kamata mu tunatar da mu cewa halin kirki ne ya dogara da tsarin rayuwar mu. Yin jima'i shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci a rayuwar jinsunan tun lokacin shine hanya don haifuwa. Saboda haka yana da mahimmanci cewa jima'i yana dauke da jin dadi kuma yana da kyawawan dabi'un kima, kuma ko da yake yana iya zama jita-jita wanda za'a iya biyan jima'i a cikin hanyar haɗari da rashin cin hanci, hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don jaraba zai iya zama muhimmiyar ma'ana a manufa na farko na neman mutane .... A haɗuwa tare, shaidar tana nuna cewa canje-canje a lobe na gaba, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, da kuma ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa wadanda ke aiwatar da ladabi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar da haɗin kai. Nazarin halittu da nazarin maganin neuropharmacological yana nunawa a yayin da ake aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta.

7) Halayyar Jima'i mai haɗari kamar yadda ake ji dadin jiki: Abinda ke cikin yanar-gizon da sauran al'amura (Griffiths, 2016). Excerpts:

Na gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan abubuwa masu yawa (caca, wasan kwaikwayo, yin amfani da intanet, motsa jiki, jima'i, aiki, da dai sauransu) kuma sunyi jayayya cewa wasu nau'ikan hali na jima'i za a iya tsara su a matsayin jima'i, dangane da Ma'anar jaraba da ake amfani dasu ....

Ko dai irin hali mai rikitarwa da aka kwatanta a matsayin halayen jima'i (CSB), jaraba da jima'i da / ko rikici tsakanin maza da mata, akwai dubban masu kwantar da hankali a duniya waɗanda suke magance irin wannan cuta. Dalili kenan, ana bada cikakkun shaida daga magungunan likitoci na asibiti daga masu taimakawa da kuma bi da waɗannan mutane.

Tabbas mafi mahimmancin ci gaba a fagen CSB da jarabar jima'i shine yadda intanet ke canzawa da sauƙaƙe CSB. Ba a ambaci wannan ba har zuwa sakin layi na ƙarshe, duk da haka bincike game da jarabar jima'i ta yanar gizo (yayin da yake ƙunshe da ƙaramin tushe) ya wanzu tun ƙarshen 1990s, gami da ƙididdigar samfurin kusan kusan mutane 10 000. A zahiri, kwanan nan an sake yin sharhi game da bayanan ƙwarewa game da jarabar jima'i da magani. Waɗannan sun bayyana yawancin takamaiman fasalolin intanet waɗanda na iya sauƙaƙe da haɓaka halayen jaraba dangane da halayyar jima'i (samun dama, samun kuɗi, rashin sani, saukakawa, tserewa, hanawa, da sauransu).

8) Binciken Gaskiya a cikin Muddy Water: Abubuwa na gaba don Bayyana Harkokin Jima'i Mai Girma Kamar yadda Yayi Yarawa (Kraus et al., 2016). Excerpts:

A kwanan nan mun ɗauki shaidun da za su nuna bambanci game da jima'i (CSB) a matsayin rashin jituwa. Bincikenmu ya gano cewa CSB ta raba asibiti, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da maganin da ake amfani dashi ....

Kodayake Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka ta ƙi rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mazauni daga DSM-5, ana iya gane ganewar asirin CSB (kisa) akan ICD-10. Har ila yau, ICD-11 yana nazarin CSB, kodayake yawancinsa ba shi da tabbacin. Dole ne bincike na gaba ya ci gaba da gina ilimi da karfafa tsarin inganta fahimtar CSB da kuma fassara wannan bayani zuwa ingantaccen manufofin, rigakafin, ganewar asali, da kuma magance jiyya don rage girman tasirin CSB.

9) Shin Intanit Intanit yana haifar da Dysfunctions na Jima'i? A Review tare da Clinical Reports (Park et al., 2016). Binciken da ya dace game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi matsalolin jima'i. Ganin 7 Amurka da likitocin Navy da Gary Wilson, wannan bita ya samar da sabon bayanan da ke nuna babbar tasiri a cikin matsala matashi. Har ila yau, yana nazarin nazarin nazarin binciken da ba'a shafi batsa da kuma jima'i ta hanyar bidiyo. Likitoci sun bayar da rahotanni na asibiti na 3 game da mutanen da suka haifar da dysfunctions na jima'i. Shafin 2016 na biyu na Gary Wilson ya tattauna da muhimmancin nazarin illolin batsa ta hanyar kasancewa da batutuwan da suka guji yin amfani da batsa: Kashe Shafin Intanit Intanet Shafukan Yi amfani da su don Bayyana Gurbinta (2016). Excerpts:

Abubuwan al'adu wadanda suka bayyana matsalolin maza sun kasance ba su da cikakken lissafi don yunkurin kaifi a cikin mummunan aiki, jinkirta tashin hankali, rage yawan jima'i, kuma ya rage libido a lokacin jima'i a cikin maza karkashin 40. Wannan bita (1) ya ɗauki bayanai daga yankuna masu yawa, misali, na asibiti, nazarin halittu (jaraba / urology), tunani (yanayin jima'i), zamantakewa; da kuma (2) suna bayar da jerin rahotanni na asibiti, duk tare da manufar gabatar da yiwuwar jagorancin bincike na gaba game da wannan batu. Canje-canje ga tsarin kwaskwarimar kwakwalwa suna bincike ne a matsayin yiwuwar ilimin ilimin halitta wanda ke haifar dysfunctions na jima'i.

Wannan bita ya kuma ba da hujjoji cewa kayan aikin batsa na Intanet na musamman (maras iyaka mara iyaka, yuwuwar sauƙaƙawa zuwa mafi girman kayan, tsarin bidiyo, da dai sauransu) na iya kasancewa mai ƙarfin gaske don daidaita yanayin jima'i zuwa abubuwan batsa na amfani da batsa na Intanet wanda ba sauƙin canzawa zuwa ainihin. Abokan hulɗa na rayuwa, irin wannan jima'i tare da abokan da ake so bazai yi rajista azaman haɗuwa ba da raguwa. Rahotanni na asibiti sun ba da shawarar cewa dakatar da amfani da batsa na Intanet wani lokaci ya isa don jujjuya mummunan tasirin, yana nuna buƙatar yin bincike mai zurfi ta amfani da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa cire canji na amfani da batsa na Intanet.

3.4. Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanar-gizon Intanit-Dangantakar Matsalolin Jima'i: Muna tsammanin cewa cin zarafi na batsa yana haifar da ƙarancin jiki da haɓakawa a tsarin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa [72, 129] da haɗin gine-gine na kowane, ko duka biyu, an gano su a cikin binciken kwanan nan akan masu amfani da batsa na Intanit [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Haɗakar da Ƙididdigar Nazarin Dabarun Dabaru da Ƙwararrun Neurobiological Game da Ci Gabanwa da Taimakon Hannun Kayan Dama na Intanit: Abinda ke hulɗa da Mutum-Cutar-Cognition-Execution model (Brand et al., 2016). Binciken hanyoyin da ke haifar da ci gaba da kuma kiyaye wasu maganganu na amfani da Intanet, ciki har da "batsa na Intanit-viewing disorder". Masu marubuta sun bada shawarar cewa buri na batsa (da bidiyon cybersex) za a lasafta shi azaman amfani da intanet da kuma sanya shi tare da sauran ciwon halayyar hali a karkashin abubuwan da suke amfani da maganin amfani da su azaman halin kirki. Excerpts:

Kodayake DSM-5 na mayar da hankali kan labarun Intanit, yawan mawallafa masu mahimmanci sun nuna cewa masu neman magani suna iya yin amfani da wasu aikace-aikacen Intanet ko shafukan yanar gizo.

Daga halin da ake ciki na bincike, muna bayar da shawara cewa za a haɗa da rashin amfani da Intanet a ICD-11 mai zuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bayan rashin cin labarun Intanet, ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan aikace-aikacen matsala. Wata hanya zai iya haɗawa da gabatarwar wani lokaci na amfani da layin Intanet, wanda za'a iya ƙayyade idan aka la'akari da aikace-aikacen farko da aka yi amfani dashi (misali labarun yanar-gizon, labarun Intanet-caca, labarun amfani da Intanit, Sadarwar yanar-gizon Intanit, da kuma Cibiyar Kasuwancin Intanit).

11) Neurobiology na jima'i jima'i: Babi daga Neurobiology na Addictions, Oxford Press (Hilton et al., 2016) - Excerpts:

Muyi nazari akan asalin neurobiology don jaraba, ciki har da jaraba ko dabi'a, sa'an nan kuma tattauna yadda wannan ya danganta da fahimtarmu game da jima'i a matsayin wata ladabi wanda zai iya zama "wanda ba a iya sarrafawa ba" a rayuwar mutum ....

Ya bayyana a fili cewa ma'anar yanzu da fahimtar jaraba ya canza bisa ga jiko na ilimin game da yadda kwakwalwar ta koyi da sha'awar. Ganin cewa jarabawar jima'i an riga an bayyana shi ne kawai bisa ka'idoji na hali, an gani yanzu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na neuromodulation. Wadanda ba za su iya fahimtar waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba zasu iya ci gaba da jingina ga dabi'ar da ba ta da kyau, amma wadanda suka iya fahimtar halin da ke cikin ilimin halitta, wannan sabon tsari ya ba da bayanin haɗin kai da kuma aikin aiki na jima'i wanda ya sanar da shi duka masana kimiyya da kuma likitan.

12) Hanyoyin Neuroscientific su kai ga labarun yaudara ta yanar gizo (Stark & ​​Klucken, 2017) - Excerpts:

Samun jari-hujja ya karu sosai tare da ci gaba da Intanet. A sakamakon wannan, maza suna neman magani sau da yawa saboda yawan batuttukan batsa suna da iko; watau, ba su da ikon dakatarwa ko rage matsala masu rikitarwa ko da yake sun fuskanci sakamakon mummunar .... A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da yawa tare da likitoci na musamman, musamman ma'anar yanayin haɓakaccen magnetic jiki (fMRI), don nazarin al'amuran da ke kallon hotunan batsa a karkashin yanayin gwaji da kuma hanyoyi masu zurfin amfani da batsa. Idan aka ba da sakamakon da aka rigaya, ana iya amfani da fasahar batsa mai tsanani da aka sani da hanyoyin da ke da nasaba da ci gaban abubuwan da suka shafi addinan.

A ƙarshe, mun taƙaita nazarin, wanda yayi bincike akan yadda ake yin amfani da batsa ta batsa a kan ƙananan hanyoyi. Duk da rashin karatu na lokaci-lokaci, yana da kyau cewa halaye na halaye a cikin maza da jaraba da jima'i shine sakamakon ba abin da ya haifar da amfani da batsa ba. Yawancin nazarin da aka yi nazari sun fi mayar da hankali a kan sakamakon da aka yi game da kayan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa fiye da yadda suka shafi batutuwa, wanda ya kwatanta abubuwan da aka gano game da abubuwan da ake amfani da su. Sakamako game da rage haɗin ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba tsakanin batutuwa da batsa na batsa za'a iya fassara su a matsayin alamar rashin kulawa da hankali game da lalata hali.

13) Shin halayen jima'i ne mai rikitarwa? (Potenza et al., 2017) - Excerpts:

An yi la'akari da mummunar lalacewar halayen jima'i (wanda ake aiki da ita kamar rashin karuwa da haɗin kai) don shiga cikin DSM-5 amma an cire shi ba tare da komai bane, duk da tsarawar ka'idoji da gwajin gwaji. Wannan cirewa ya hana yin rigakafi, binciken, da kuma maganin kulawa, da kuma likitan asibitin ba tare da ganewa na al'ada ba saboda rashin halayyar jima'i.

Bincike a cikin ilimin halittar cututtukan halayyar dan adam wanda ke haifar da rikicewar dabi'a ta jima'i ya haifar da binciken da ya danganci nuna son zuciya, halayen motsa jiki, da kuma sakewar da ke tattare da kwakwalwa wanda ke ba da babban kamanceceniya da jaraba. Ana gabatar da rikice-rikicen halayen jima'i a matsayin rikice-rikicewar rikice-rikice a cikin ICD-11, daidai da ra'ayin da aka ba da shawara cewa sha'awar, ci gaba da haɗuwa duk da mummunan sakamako, takaddama na tilastawa, da raguwar iko suna wakiltar fasali mai mahimmanci na rikice-rikice marasa ƙarfi.

Wannan ra'ayin zai iya dacewa da wasu rikice-rikice na DSM-IV, musamman caca pathological. Koyaya, waɗannan abubuwan an daɗe suna ɗaukar matsayin tsakiya ga jaraba, kuma a cikin canji daga DSM-IV zuwa DSM-5, an sake tsara nau'in cutar rashin ƙarfi ta Hanyar Classabi'a, tare da sake fasalin caca na cuta kuma an sake buga shi azaman cuta mai cutarwa. A halin yanzu, shafin yanar gizon beta na ICD-11 ya ba da jerin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice, kuma ya haɗa da rikicewar halayen jima'i, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, kleptomania, da rikicewar fashewa na rikice-rikice.

Harkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani ya zama daidai da rashin lafiyar jiki wanda aka ba da shi ga ICD-11, daidai da lokacin da ya fi dacewa da cin zarafin jima'i a halin yanzu da aka ba da shawara don ciwon halayyar jima'i a kan shafin yanar gizon ICD-11. Mun yi imanin cewa rarrabawar rikitarwa na halayen jima'i a matsayin abin ba da jima'i ya kasance daidai da bayanan da suka gabata kuma zai iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da kuma mutanen da ke shan wahala da cutar ta wannan cuta.

14) Maganin batsa na batsa na Intanet - Bincike na asibiti (De Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Excerpts:

Binciken na farko ya dubi asalin kwayar jita-jita tare da mahimmancin lada da kuma tsarin da ya shafi kowa a kowane jaraba. An mayar da hankali sannan kuma canzawa ga cin zarafin batsa da kuma binciken da aka gudanar a kan kwayoyin halitta na yanayin an sake nazari. Rashin aikin dopamine a cikin batsa ta batsa an sake nazari tare da rawar wasu kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka gani akan binciken MRI. Anyi amfani da ilimin fMRI da ke amfani da jima'i na jima'i don yin nazarin binciken da ke tattare da batsa da kuma amfani da binciken daga waɗannan binciken. An kuma jaddada tasirin batsa na batsa a kan ayyukan halayen haɗin kai da kuma aikin zartarwa.

A cikin duka, an gano abubuwa na 59 wanda ya hada da dubawa, karamin dubawa da takardun bincike na ainihi kan batutuwan batsa da amfani, jaraba da kuma neurobiology. Takardun binciken da aka bincika a nan sun kasance a kan wadanda suka kaddamar da wani tushen kwayar cutar ta batsa. Mun haɗa da binciken da ke da samfurin samfurin kirki da kuma hanya mai kyau tare da nazarin lissafi masu dacewa. Akwai wasu nazari tare da ƙananan masu halartar taron, sharuɗɗa, sharuɗɗa da ƙwararrakin binciken da aka bincika don wannan takarda. Dukansu mawallafa sun sake nazarin takardu da kuma wadanda aka fi dacewa sun zaba domin wannan bita. An kara ƙarin wannan tare da kwarewa na sirri na duka marubucin da suke aiki a kai a kai tare da marasa lafiya inda buri da kallon batsa alama ce mai ban tsoro. Har ila yau mawallafa suna da kwarewar tunanin mutum da waɗannan marasa lafiya waɗanda suka kara darajar fahimtar neurobiological.

15) Shaida na Pudding yana cikin Tasting: Bayanan da ake buƙata don gwada gwaje-gwaje da haɗin kai dangane da halayen jima'i masu haɗari (Gola & Potenza, 2018) - Excerpts:

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a wani wuri (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), ana samun ƙarin adadin wallafe-wallafe a kan CSB, sun kai sama da 11,400 a cikin 2015. Duk da haka, tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da fahimtar CSB sun kasance ba a amsa ba (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Zai zama dace da la'akari da yadda DSM da Kayan Kayan Ƙasa na Duniya (ICD) tana aiki game da fassarar bayani da tsarawa. Idan muna yin haka, muna ganin yana da muhimmanci a mayar da hankali ga rashin caca (wanda aka sani da caca-caca) da kuma yadda aka yi la'akari da DSM-IV da DSM-5 (da kuma ICD-10 da ICD-11 na gaba). A cikin DSM-IV, caca da aka ƙaddara a matsayin "Ƙungiyar Harkokin Jirgin Ƙarƙashin Ba a Kasashen Ba A Ƙasance". A cikin DSM-5, an sake kididdiga shi a matsayin "Matakan da ke ciki da kuma Addictive." .... Dole ne a yi amfani da irin wannan tsari ga CSB, wadda aka ɗauka a halin yanzu don hada shi a matsayin cuta mai rikici a ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018) ....

Daga cikin yankunan da zasu iya ba da shawara tsakanin kamfanonin CSB da ciwon jaraba suna nazarin karatu, tare da binciken da aka yi a baya da Walton et al. (2017). Karatun farko ana yin nazarin CSB game da tsarin jaraba (an sake nazari a Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b). Wani sanannen samfuri - ka’idar jin daɗin ƙarfafawa (Robinson & Berridge, 1993) - Jihohin da a cikin mutane da ke da ƙari, alamomin da ke haɗuwa da abubuwan cin zarafi na iya samun ƙimar ƙarfafawa da haɓaka sha'awa. Irin waɗannan halayen na iya danganta da kunnawa na yankuna ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda ke cikin aikin lada, gami da ventral striatum. Ksawainiyar da ke tantance tasirin aiki da aikin lada za a iya canza su don bincika takamaiman alamomi (misali, kuɗi da lalata) ga takamaiman ƙungiyoyi (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013), kuma kwanan nan mun yi amfani da wannan aikin domin muyi nazari akan samfurin asibiti (Gola et al., 2017).

Mun gano cewa mutane da ke neman magani don amfani da batsa na matsala da kuma al'aura, idan aka kamanta su (da shekaru, jinsi, samun kudin shiga, da ibada, adadin saduwar jima'i tare da abokan hulɗa, lalata jima'i) batutuwa masu iko, sun nuna karuwar ƙarfin tashin hankali don al'amuran batsa na batsa lada, amma ba don ladan da aka danganta ba kuma ba don lambobin kuɗi da lada ba. Wannan yanayin aikin kunnawar kwakwalwa yana da nasaba da ka'idodin motsa jiki wanda ke ba da hankali kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa muhimmin fasali na CSB na iya haɗawa da ma'anar sake kunnawa ko sha'awar ta hanyar nuna tsaka tsaki na haɗin kai da ke tattare da yin jima'i da motsawar jima'i.

Dataarin bayanai sun ba da shawarar cewa sauran da'irar kwakwalwa da injinan na iya shiga cikin CSB, kuma waɗannan na iya haɗawa da cingulate na gaba, hippocampus da amygdala (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, da Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Daga cikin waɗannan, mun yi tunanin cewa tsawan amygdala wanda ke da alaƙa da babbar amsa don barazanar da damuwa na iya zama mai dacewa da asibiti (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola & Potenza, 2016) bisa la'akari da cewa wasu mutane CSB suna gabatar da matsanancin damuwa (Gola et al., 2017) da kuma alamun bayyanar CSB na iya ragewa tare da rage magungunan magani a cikin damuwa (Gola & Potenza, 2016) ...

16) Ƙarfafa ilimi, rarrabawa, magani, da manufofi da manufofin Bayani game da: Harkokin halayyar jima'i da ke cikin ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018) - Magungunan maganin likita na zamani a duniya, Kwayoyin Tsarin Kasa na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali dace da jaraba na batsa: "Harkokin Rashin Jima'i na Jima'i. "Excerpts:

Ga mutane da yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar yanayin wahala ko gazawa wajen sarrafa zafin nama, maimaita sha'awar jima'i ko larurar da ke haifar da halayyar jima'i haɗuwa da damuwa ko rashin ƙarfi a cikin na sirri, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, sana'a, ko wasu mahimman wurare na aiki, shi yana da matukar mahimmanci mutum ya iya suna kuma ya gano matsalar su. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci masu bada kulawa (watau, likitoci da masu ba da shawara) wanda mutane zasu iya neman taimako daga wurin su sun san CSBs. A lokacin karatunmu da ya shafi batutuwa sama da 3,000 da ke neman magani don CSB, mun sha jin cewa mutane da ke fama da CSB suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa yayin neman taimako ko kuma tuntuɓar likitoci (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016).

Marasa lafiya sun ba da rahoton cewa likitocin asibiti na iya guje wa batun, bayyana cewa irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su wanzu, ko bayar da shawarar mutum yana da babbar hanyar jima'i, kuma ya kamata ya yarda da shi maimakon yin magani (duk da cewa ga waɗannan mutane, CSBs na iya jin girman-dystonic da jagoranci ga sakamakon mummunan sakamako da yawa). Mun yi imanin cewa ingantattun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don rikicewar CSB zai haɓaka ƙoƙarin ilimi ciki har da haɓaka shirye-shiryen horo kan yadda za a tantance da kuma bi da mutane da alamun cutar CSB. Muna fatan cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shirye za su zama wani ɓangare na horo na asibiti ga masu ilimin halayyar mutum, masu tabin hankali, da sauran masu ba da sabis na kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, da sauran masu ba da kulawa ciki har da masu bada kulawa ta farko, kamar su likitocin general.

Tambayoyi na asali game da yadda za a fahimci cutar CSB da kuma samar da jiyya mai kyau ya kamata a magance su. Shirin da ke yanzu na kirkirar cutar CSB a matsayin rikici-rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen abu ne mai rikitarwa kamar yadda aka tsara samfurori daban-daban (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Akwai bayanai da ke bayar da shawarar cewa CSB ta ba da dama da fasali tare da jaraba (Kraus et al., 2016), ciki har da bayanan da aka gano a baya ya nuna karuwar amsawa na yankuna masu kwakwalwa da suka shafi sakamako saboda amsa bayanai da ke tattare da maganganu na ruhu (Alamar, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014).

Bugu da ƙari, bayanan farko sun bayar da shawarar cewa naltrexone, magani tare da alamomi don maganin barasa-da cututtukan amfani da opioid, na iya taimakawa wajen kula da CSBs (Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010). Dangane da yanayin da CSB ya tsara game da yanayin da ake gudanarwa a matsayin cuta mai rikici, akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa mutane da ke neman magani ga wani nau'i na matsalar CSB, maganin batsa, ba su bambanta da yanayin impulsivity daga yawan jama'a. An gabatar da su tare da ƙara damuwa (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola et al., 2017), da kuma maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin ƙwayar cuta da ke nuna damuwa da bayyanar cututtuka na iya taimakawa wajen rage wasu alamun cututtukan CSB (Gola & Potenza, 2016). Duk da yake ba zai iya yiwuwa a zartar da ƙaddara game da rarrabuwa ba, ƙarin bayanai suna nuna goyon baya ga jinsin jiki kamar yadda ake yi wa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta idan aka kwatanta da wani rikici-rikici (Kraus et al., 2016), kuma ana buƙatar karin bincike don nazarin dangantaka tare da wasu halin hauka (Potenza et al., 2017).

17) Halayyar Jima'i mai haɗari a cikin Mutum da Tsarin Tsarin Harshen (2018) - Excerpts:

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari (CSB) ana kiransa a matsayin "cin zarafin hali," kuma yana da mummunan barazana ga rayuwa mai kyau da lafiyar jiki da tunani. Duk da haka, CSB ya jinkirta a gane shi a asibiti a matsayin rashin lafiya. CSB yana fama da cututtuka da cututtuka da magungunan abu, kuma binciken binciken na baya-bayan nan sun nuna rabawa ko ɓarna ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman ma a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa dake kula da jin daɗin motsa jiki da kuma kulawa marar kyau. An duba nazarin neuroimaging Clinical wanda ya gano cewa tsarin gyare-gyaren tsari da / ko aiki a cikin kodayake na farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus a cikin mutane masu wahala daga CSB. Misali na musamman don nazarin rubutun ƙananan hanyoyi na CSB a cikin ratsan namiji an tattauna ne wanda ya haɗa da wani tsari na ƙalubalantar yanayi don bincika neman halayen jima'i ba tare da sakamakon da aka sani ba.

Saboda kamfanoni na CSB da wasu cututtuka masu magungunan, wato, maganin ƙwayoyi, kwatancen binciken da ke cikin CSB, da batutuwa masu maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, na iya zama da muhimmanci a gano magungunan ƙwayoyin maganganu na yau da kullum don magance wannan cuta. Lalle ne, yawancin binciken sun nuna irin alamomin aikin neural da haɗin kai a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin da ke cikin CSB da 87-89.

A ƙarshe, wannan bita ya taƙaita nazarin halayyar da ke tattare da samfurori da kuma maganin da ke tattare da mutum akan CSB da kuma haɓaka tare da wasu cututtuka, ciki har da cin zarafi. Haɗuwa, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa CSB yana hade da gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin dorsal cingulate da kuma kullin farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus, ban da rage haɗin kai tsakanin amygdala da cortex na farko. Bugu da ƙari, an kwatanta tsarin samfurin CSB a cikin ratsan namiji, ciki har da sabon shaida na gyare-gyare na gida a cikin mPFC da OFC wadanda aka haɗu tare da hasara na kulawa da halayyar jima'i. Wannan tsari na ƙayyadaddun yana bada dama na musamman don gwada jimlalin mahimmanci don gane ƙaddarar da kuma tushen asali na CSB da ƙaddara tare da wasu cututtuka.

18) Jima'i Dysfunctions a cikin Intanit Era (2018) - Excerpt:

Desirearancin sha'awar jima'i, rage gamsuwa a ma'amala, da lalata lalata (ED) suna karuwa sosai a yawan matasa. A cikin binciken Italiyanci daga 2013, har zuwa 25% na batutuwan da ke fama da ED sun kasance ƙarƙashin shekaru 40 [1], kuma a cikin irin wannan binciken da aka buga a cikin 2014, fiye da rabin 'yan Kanada maza masu jima'i tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 21 ya sha wahala daga wasu nau'in cuta ta jima'i [2]. A lokaci guda, yawaitar rayuwar rashin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da Organic bai canza sosai ba ko ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yana ba da shawara cewa psychogenic ED yana kan haɓaka [3].

DSM-IV-TR ya bayyana wasu halaye tare da halayen hedonic, kamar caca, cin kasuwa, halayen jima'i, amfani da Intanet, da kuma amfani da wasan bidiyo, kamar "lalacewar rikicewar rikicewar ba'a rarraba wasu wurare ba" - kodayake waɗannan lokuta ana kwatanta su azaman jaraba [4] ]. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ba da shawarar rawar da halayyar ɗabi'a ke lalata ta hanyar jima'i: sauye-sauye a cikin hanyoyin hanyoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da ke da alaƙa da amsawar jima'i na iya zama sakamakon maimaitawa, ƙarfin motsawar asali daban-daban.

Daga cikin tsangwama na hali, yin amfani da yanar-gizon damuwa da amfani da hotuna ta labaran sau da yawa ana nuna su a matsayin yiwuwar haɗari ga rashin cin zarafin jima'i, sau da yawa ba tare da iyakance ba tsakanin lambobin biyu. Masu amfani da layi suna janyo hankali ga batsa na Intanit saboda rashin sanin sa, rashin iyawa, da samuwa, kuma a lokuta da yawa ana amfani da ita ta hanyar amfani da cybersex: a cikin waɗannan lokuta, masu amfani zasu iya manta da matsayin "juyin halitta" na jima'i, ganowa more tashin hankali a cikin zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka zaɓa a cikin jima'i ba tare da jima'i ba.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen, masu bincike suna da rikicewa game da aikin da ya dace da kuma batsa na batsa ta yanar gizo. Daga mummunan ra'ayi, yana wakiltar babban mawuyacin hali na masturbatory, cin zarafin cybersex, har ma da rashin ciwo.

19) Ayyukan neurocognitive a cikin halayen halayen jima'i (2018) - Excerpts:

A yau, yawancin binciken da ke tattare da halayen jima'i ya ba da hujjoji game da abubuwan da ke haifar da halayen jima'i da bautar jima'i. Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari yana haɗawa da gyaran aiki a cikin sassan kwakwalwa da kuma cibiyoyin sadarwa da aka sanya a cikin ƙwarewa, haɓakawa, dyscontrol, da ladabi a cikin dabi'u kamar abu, caca, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni. Yankuna masu kwakwalwa da suka danganci abubuwan CSB sun haɗa da halayen gaba da na jiki, amygdala, da striatum, ciki har da accumbens.

An hada CSBD a cikin halin yanzuICD-11 a matsayin cuta mai rikitarwa [39]. Kamar yadda WHO ta bayyana, "Harkokin rikici-rikitarwa suna lalacewa ta sake ci gaba da tsayayya da motsa jiki, motsa jiki, ko kuma ya bukaci aikata wani aiki da yake ba wa mutumin sakamako, akalla a cikin gajeren lokaci, duk da sakamakon da ya fi tsayi -ma cutar da mutum ko kuma ga wasu, ya nuna damuwa game da halin halayyar, ko kuma rashin matsala a cikin sirri, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, sana'a, ko wasu muhimman wuraren da ke aiki '[39]. Binciken na yau da kullum yana tayar da tambayoyi masu muhimmanci game da rarraba CSBD. Yawancin cututtuka da aka lalata halayen motsa jiki sune aka ƙayyade sauran wurare a cikin ICD-11 (alal misali, caca, caca, da kuma maganin amfani da kayan aiki an kwatanta shi azabar kwari) [123].

20) A fahimtar yau da kullum game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke tattare da matsalar jima'i da lalacewa ta hanyar jima'i (2018) - Excerpts:

Binciken neurobiological kwanan nan sun bayyana cewa halayen halayen jima'i suna hade da canza tsarin aiki na jima'i da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki.

Abubuwan binciken da aka taƙaita a cikin bincikenmu suna nuna dacewa da dacewa tare da addinan hali da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa, wanda ke tattare da abubuwa masu yawa da aka samo don CSBD (kamar yadda aka duba a [127]). Kodayake ko da yake wannan rahoto ya kasance, haɓaka abubuwa da halayyar hali suna haɓaka da haɓakawar karɓuwa da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar nazarin ra'ayi, halayya, da kuma neurobiological (dubawa da sake dubawa: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; barasa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; taba: [138, 139]; caca: [140, 141]; wasan kwaikwayo: [142, 143]). Sakamako game da haɗin kai-jihar aiki na nuna alamani tsakanin CSBD da sauran addinan [144, 145].

Kodayake an gudanar da bincike game da CSBD kaɗan game da maganin neurobiology, data kasance data bayar da shawara akan abubuwan da ke tattare da maganganun neurobiology tare da wasu kayan tarawa irin su amfani da kayan abu da caca. Saboda haka, bayanan da aka samo asali ya nuna cewa rarrabuwa zai iya zama mafi dacewa a matsayin jaraba na hali ba bisa yanayin rikici ba.

21) Maganin Rahoton Maganganu a Ayyukan Harkokin Jima'i Mai Girma (2018) - Excerpts:

Hanyoyin Jima'i masu Jima'i (CSB) su ne dalilin neman magani. Bisa ga wannan gaskiyar, adadin karatun da aka samu a CSB ya karu sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce kuma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta hada da CSB a cikin tsari na ICD-11 mai zuwa ...... Daga ra'ayinmu, yana da darajar bincike ko CSB za a iya rarrabe shi a cikin sassan biyu wanda ke dauke da: (1) rinjaye masu halayyar halayen halayen halayen halayen dangi, da kuma (2) rinjaye na halayen jima'i da kallon kallon batsa (48, 49).

Yawan karatun da aka samo a kan CSB (da kuma magungunan ƙananan batutuwan masu amfani da batsa) yana ci gaba. Daga cikin karatun da aka samu a halin yanzu, mun sami labaran littattafan tara (Table 1) wanda ya yi amfani da hotunan haɓakaccen haɓaka. Sai kawai hudu daga cikin waɗannan (36-39) bincikar binciken da aka yi na maganganu da / ko sakamako da kuma rahoton da suka shafi abubuwan da suka dace. Nazarin binciken uku yana nuna yawan karuwar karfin jiki don maganin rashin ƙarfi (36-39) ko kuma alamomin da aka kwatanta da irin wadannan matsaloli (36-39). Wadannan binciken sunyi daidai da ka'idojin Salwar Kwarewa (IST) (28), daya daga cikin manyan shafukan da aka kwatanta da kwakwalwa yana aiki a cikin buri. Taimakon kawai ga wani tsarin ka'ida wanda ya nuna hypoactivation na ventral striatum a cikin buri, ka'idar RDS (29, 30), ya zo sashi daga wani binciken (37), inda mutanen da ke tare da CSB sun gabatar da ƙararrawar motsa jiki don abubuwan da suka faru idan sun kwatanta da sarrafawa.

22) Shafin Farko na Yanar Gizo: Abin da muka sani da kuma abin da ba mu kasance ba-wani nazari na yaudara (2019)- Excerpts:

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami yaduwar labaran da suka danganci jaraba na halayyar; wasu daga cikinsu suna da hankali kan jarabar batsa ta hanyar intanet. Koyaya, duk da duk ƙoƙarin, har yanzu ba mu iya yin bayanin martaba ba yayin da muke shiga cikin wannan ɗabi'a ta zama abin bincike. Matsaloli na yau da kullun sun haɗa da: samfurin ƙabilanci, bincika kayan aikin bincike, tsayayya da kusanci ga batun, da gaskiyar cewa wannan mahaɗin na iya kasancewa cikin babban ilimin halittar mutum (watau jarabar jima'i) wanda zai iya gabatar da kansa tare da alamomin rarrabuwar kawuna. Addarfafa abubuwan kara kuzari na samar da filin binciken da ba a bayyana ba, kuma yawanci suna nuna ƙirar amfani mai matsala: asarar iko, rashin ƙarfi, da amfani mai haɗari.

Rashin hankalin rashin daidaituwa ya dace da wannan ƙirar kuma ana iya haɗa shi da halayen jima'i da yawa, kamar amfani da matsala ta batsa ta yanar gizo (POPU). Amfani da batsa na kan layi yana kan karuwa, tare da yiwuwar jaraba idan aka yi la’akari da tasirin “sau uku A” (wadatarwa, wadatarwa, rashin saka ido). Wannan amfani mai matsala na iya yin illa ga ci gaban jima'i da aikin jima'i, musamman tsakanin samari.

Kamar yadda muka sani, da dama daga cikin binciken na baya-bayan nan suna tallafawa wannan mahadar a matsayin wani jaraba tare da muhimmancin bayyanuwar asibitoci irin su cin zarafin jima'i da kuma rashin jin daɗin mutum. Yawancin ayyukan da ake gudanarwa ya samo asali ne a kan bincike irin wannan da aka yi a kan abin da ke kan kayan abu, bisa la'akari da hotunan batsa ta yanar gizo a matsayin abin da ke da mahimmanci na '' supranormal 'a matsayin ainihin abin da, ta hanyar ci gaba da amfani, zai iya haifar da rikici. Duk da haka, batutuwa irin su haƙuri da abstinence ba a bayyana su a fili ba don su cancanci lakabi na jaraba, kuma haka ne babban ɓangare na bincike na gaba. A wannan lokacin, an gano wani abu na bincike da ke dauke da tsarin halayyar jima'i a cikin ICD-11 saboda yanayin da yake ciki a yanzu, kuma zai kasance da amfani don magance marasa lafiya da wadannan alamun da ke neman taimakon likitoci.

23) Yau da ci gaba da jita-jita na layi ta yanar gizo: abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da ke tattare da su, hanyoyin karfafawa da kuma hanyoyin gina jiki (2019) - Excerpts:

Ationaddamarwa da haɓakar jarabawar cybersex suna da matakai biyu tare da yanayin gargajiya da yanayin motsa jiki. Da fari dai, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo lokaci-lokaci don nishaɗantarwa da son sani. A wannan matakin, amfani da na'urorin intanet an haɗa shi da azama ta jima'i kuma Sakamakon yanayin yanayin, yana ƙara haifar da hankali ga al'amuran da suka shafi yanar gizo wanda ke haifar da matsananciyar sha'awar. Kowace yanayin cutarwar mutum yana sauƙaƙe fahimtar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da hanyar yanar gizo. A mataki na biyu, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo akai-akai don gamsar da sha'awoyinsu na jima'i ko Yayin wannan tsari, ma'anar fahimta ta hanyar yanar gizo mai zurfi kamar kyakkyawan fata na yanar gizo da hanyar magance matsalar kamar amfani dashi don magance motsin zuciyar mara kyau ana karfafa su sosai, waɗancan halayen na mutum yana da alaƙa. tare da jarabar cybersex kamar narcissism, neman sha'awar jima'i, excitability na jima'i, amfani da dysfunction amfani da jima'i kuma ana ƙarfafa su sosai, yayin da rikice-rikicen ɗabi'a na yau da kullun kamar juyayi, ƙanƙantar da kai da psychopathologies kamar rashin damuwa, damuwa yana ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa.

Kasawar aikin zartarwa yana faruwa ne saboda amfanin cybersex na dogon lokaci. Haɗin kai na kasawar aikin zartarwa da kuma matsananciyar sha'awar inganta haɓaka da kuma kula da jarabawar jarabar yanar gizo. Binciken da aka yi amfani da kayan aikin kwakwalwa da kayan aikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa musamman don nazarin jarabar intanetex sun gano cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na iya bunkasa kwazo da kwazo don amfani da yanar gizo yayin fuskantar alamomin da suka danganci yanar gizo, amma suna jin karanci da karancin farin ciki yayin amfani da shi. Nazarin suna ba da hujjoji don tsananin sha'awar abubuwa da ke tattare da abubuwan da suka shafi yanar gizo da kuma aiki mai raunin aiki.

A ƙarshe, mutanen da ke da saukin kamuwa da lalatawar yanar gizo ba za su iya dakatar da amfani da yanar gizo ba saboda tsananin sha'awar cybersex da rashin aikin zartarwa, amma suna jin ƙarancin gamsuwa yayin amfani da shi, kuma suna neman karin kayan batsa na asali akan layi akan tsadar lokaci da kuɗi. Da zarar sun rage amfani da yanar gizo ko kuma kawai sun bar shi, zasu sha wahala daga jerin abubuwan illa kamar ɓacin rai, damuwa, raunin kafa, rashin sha'awar jima'i.

24) Ka'idoji, kariya, da kuma lura da rikicewar amfani da batsa (2019)- Excerpts:

Rikicin halayen jima'i na rikice-rikice, ciki har da amfani da batsa na matsala, an saka shi a cikin ICD-11 a matsayin rikice-rikice na rikicewar rikicewa. Sharuɗɗan ganewar asali na wannan cuta, duk da haka, sun yi kama da sharuɗan cuta saboda halayen jaraba, alal misali maimaita ayyukan jima'i ya zama tushen rayuwar mutum, ƙoƙarin da bai yi nasara ba don rage halayyar jima'i da maimaitawa halayen jima'i duk da fuskantar mummunan sakamako (WHO, 2019). Yawancin masu bincike da likitocin sun kuma bayar da hujjar cewa amfani da batsa na matsala matsala ana iya ɗauka azaman jaraba.

Caccankewa da sha'awar haɗewa tare da rage ƙarancin sarrafa inhibitory, bayyananniyar fahimta (misali hankulan kusanci) da fuskantar gamsuwa da biyan kuɗi da aka danganta da amfani da batsa a cikin mutane da alamun alamun rashin amfani da batsa. Nazarin na neuroscientific ya tabbatar da shigarwar da'irorin da ke da nasaba da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ciki har da ventral striatum da wasu sassa na madaukai na gaban-goge, a cikin haɓaka da kiyaye amfanin amfani da batsa na matsala. Rahotanni na shari'ar da kuma nazarin-hujjoji na ƙididdigar ra'ayi suna ba da shawarar inganci na tasirin magunguna, alal misali opioid antagonist naltrexone, don kula da mutane tare da rikice-rikicen batsa-da lalata tashin hankali na jima'i.

Abubuwan tunani da ka'idoji masu ban sha'awa suna ba da shawara cewa hanyoyin tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ke tattare da rikice-rikice suna kuma da inganci don lalata cuta ta amfani da batsa.

25) Amfani da Batsa na Batsa da Matsalar Amfani da kai: Misalin Hadin Kai Daga Tsarin Binciken Yanayin Bincike da Halayyar Halittu (2019) - Bayanai

Amfani da hoton batsa na matsala mai kama da alama yana da alaƙa da ɓangarori da yawa na bincike da tsarin daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin. Dangane da binciken da aka samu a cikin kwatancen RDoC da aka bayyana a sama, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗin kai wanda ɓangarori masu bincike daban-daban ke tasiri da juna (Hoto 1). Ya bayyana cewa matakan dopamine masu tsayi, wanda ke gabatarwa a cikin aiki na dabi'a na tsarin ladan da ya danganci aikin jima'i da inzali, yana tsoma baki tare da aiwatar da tsarin VTA-NAc a cikin mutanen da ke yin rahoton SPPPU. Wannan lalatawar takaddara yana haifar da kunnawa ga ladan aikin sakamako da haɓaka yanayin da ya danganci amfani da batsa, inganta halayen kayan batsa sakamakon karuwar dopamine a cikin ƙimar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Cigaba da bayyanar da abubuwa na batsa masu saurin samuwa da alama suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin kwayar cutar mesolimbic. Wannan kwayar dopamine mai yawa yana kunna hanyoyin fitarwa na GABA, yana samar da dynorphin azaman kayan aiki, wanda ke hana ƙwayoyin dopamine. Lokacin da dopamine ya ragu, ana sakin acetylcholine kuma zai iya haifar da yanayin juya baya (Hoebel et al. 2007), ƙirƙirar tsarin lada mara kyau wanda aka samo a mataki na biyu na ƙirar jaraba. Wannan rashin daidaito kuma yana da alaƙa da sauyawa daga kusantar zuwa halayyar kaucewa, wanda aka gani a cikin mutanen da ke ba da rahoton yin amfani da batsa ta batsa…. Waɗannan canje-canje a cikin tsarin ciki da ɗabi'a tsakanin mutane tare da SPPPU suna kama da waɗanda aka lura da su a cikin mutanen da ke shan ƙwayoyi, kuma suna yin taswira cikin tsarin jaraba (Love et al. 2015).

26) Cutar jarabawar ta yanar gizo: taƙaitaccen bayanin ci gaba da lura da sabuwar cuta da ta kunno kai (2020) - Excerpts:

Addu'ar Cybersex jaraba ce ta rashin amfani da abubuwa wacce ta ƙunshi yin jima'i ta yanar gizo. Yau, nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi jima'i ko batsa ana iya samun sauƙin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun yanar gizo. A Indonesia, yawanci ana ɗaukar jima'i a ɗabi'a amma yawancin matasa sun kamu da hotunan batsa. Zai iya haifar da jaraba tare da mummunan tasirin da yawa ga masu amfani, kamar dangantaka, kuɗi, da matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa kamar babban rashin damuwa da rikicewar damuwa.

27) Wadanne Yanayi Yakamata a asauka a matsayin Cutar a Rarraba ofasashen Duniya na Cututtuka (ICD-11) Tsara “Sauran Cutar da Aka keɓance Saboda Halin Jaraba”? (2020) - Wani bita da masana shaye-shaye suka yanke cewa cutar rashin amfani da batsa wani yanayi ne da yakamata a gano shi a cikin rukunin ICD-11 "wasu takaddama na rikice-rikice saboda halayen jaraba". A takaice dai, yin amfani da batsa na tilastawa yana kama da sauran jaraba da aka sani. Karin bayani:

35) Amsa Lada, Koyo, da Ƙimar Ƙimar Amfani da Abubuwan Batsa na Matsala - Ra'ayin Sharuɗɗan Yankin Bincike (2022) - Excerpts:

A taƙaice, sakamakon binciken SID mai ba da labari yana nuna halaye da hanyoyin lada na jijiyoyi waɗanda ke da hankali ga jima'i akan ladan kuɗi a cikin mahalarta tare da PPU kamar yadda sanannen ka'idar haɓakar haɓakar jaraba ke ba da shawara [35]. Wannan ka'idar ta ba da sanarwar cewa maimaita amfani da abu yana faɗakar da lada ga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kayan, kuma yana haɓaka tasirin ƙarfafawa ga waɗannan alamu. Canja wurin zuwa PPU, da'irar lada za ta dangana ƙara yawan kuzari ga alamun da ke nuna amfani da batsa.

36) Shin ya kamata a duba matsalar jima'i mai matsala a ƙarƙashin ikon jaraba? Bita na yau da kullun dangane da ka'idojin rashin amfani da kayan abu na DSM-5 (2023)

An gano ka'idodin DSM-5 na cututtukan jaraba sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu amfani da jima'i masu matsala, musamman sha'awar, asarar iko akan amfani da jima'i, da mummunan sakamako masu alaƙa da halayen jima'i…. Ya kamata a yi ƙarin karatu [ta amfani da] ka'idodin DSM-5 [don tantance] abubuwan jaraba-kamar halayen halayen jima'i masu matsala a cikin asibitoci da waɗanda ba na asibiti ba.

Dubi Tambaya & Nazarin Bata don takardun tallafin da ba a ba su ba, ba wai abin da suke da'awar su zama ba (wannan kwanan wata takarda - Ley et al., 2014 - ba nazari ne na adabi ba kuma sun yi kuskuren mafi yawancin rubutun da ya gabatar). Duba wannan page don karatun da yawa da ke haɗa batsa amfani da matsalolin jima'i da rage gamsuwa da haɗin kai.

Nazarin nazarin ne (fMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) a kan masu amfani da batsa da jima'i:

Nazarin ilimin halin da ke ƙasa an kasafta su ta hanyoyi biyu: (1) da kwakwalwar jaraba da ke jujjuya kwakwalwa yana canza kowane rahoto, kuma (2) da ranar bugawa.

1) An jera shi ta hanyar Canjin-Relatedari Mai Ciki da Braari: Kwararrun kwakwalwa huɗu da suka canzawa ta hanyar buri ne aka bayyana ta George F. Koob da kuma Nora D. Volkow a cikin binciken su. Koob shi ne Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Maganin Alcohol da Alcoholism (NIAAA), kuma Volkow shi ne darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Cutar Abuka (NIDA). An buga shi a cikin New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Ci gaba daga Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Brain (2016). Wannan takarda ya kwatanta babban saurin kwakwalwa da ya shafi magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da halayya, yayin da yake bayyana a farkon sakin layi cewa jima'i ya kasance:

"Mun ƙaddara cewa ciwon daji ya ci gaba da tallafawa tsarin ƙwayar cuta na kwakwalwa. Neuroscience bincike a cikin wannan yanki ba kawai bayar da sabon damar don rigakafin da magani na jaraba da abubuwa da kuma abin da ya shafi addiction (misali, don abinci, jima'i, da caca) .... "

Takaddar Volkow & Koob ta bayyana mahimmancin jita-jita guda huɗu-haifar da canjin kwakwalwa, waɗanda sune: 1) Sensitization, 2) Rashin ƙarewa, 3) Hanyoyi na farko na dysfunctional (hypofrontality), 4) Malfunctioning stress system. Dukkanin 4 na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa an gano su a cikin binciken binciken da ba a yi a wannan shafin ba:

• Nazarin binciken sanarwa (cue-reactivity & cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Nazarin binciken lalatawa ko haɓaka (wanda ya haifar da haƙuri) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Nazarin nazarin rahoton rashin talauci na gudanar da aiki (hypofrontality) ko musanya aiki na farko a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i addicts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Nazarin yana nuna a dysfunctional danniya tsarin a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) Aka lissafa ta Ranar Bayanin Jama'a: Jerin da ya biyo baya ya ƙunshi dukkanin nazarin binciken da ba'a shafi a kan masu amfani da batsa da jima'i ba. Kowace binciken da aka lissafa a ƙasa yana tare da bayanin ko samfurin, kuma ya nuna wane daga cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa ta 4 da ake danganta da asibiti (s) kawai da aka tattauna akan binciken da ya samu:

1) Bincike na farko game da abubuwan da ke da rikice-rikice da nau'i na neuroanatomical na halayen jima'i mai haɗari (Miner et al., 2009) - [da'irorin farko masu lalacewa / rashin aikin zartarwa] - smallaramin nazarin fMRI wanda ya shafi farkon jaraba da jima'i (Halayyar Jima'i Mai ivearfi). Nazarin ya ba da rahoto game da halayen rashin ƙarfi a cikin aikin Go-NoGo a cikin batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta masu iko. Brain scans ya nuna cewa masu yin jima'i ba su da tsari a cikin fararen fata idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. Rubutawa:

Bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda sun yi daidai da zaton cewa CSB yana da kamanceceniya tare da rikicewar rikicewar motsi, kamar kleptomania, caca mai tilastawa, da rikicewar abinci. Musamman, mun gano cewa mutanen da suka cika ka'idodin bincike don halayen halayen jima'i sun fi girma akan matakan rahoton kansu na impulsivity, gami da matakan ƙarancin impulsivity da halayen mutum, raarfafawa In .. Baya ga matakan rahoton kai na sama, marasa lafiyar CSB Hakanan ya nuna mahimmancin impulsivity akan aikin ɗabi'a, hanyar Go-No Go.

Sakamakon kuma ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar CSB sun nuna mahimmanci mafi girman matsayi na gaba da ke gaba gaba ɗaya (MD) fiye da masu sarrafawa. Wani bincike na daidaitawa ya nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tsakanin matakan gaggawa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar (FA) da kuma MD, amma babu ƙungiyoyi da ke da ƙananan yankin gaba. Binciken da aka kwatanta sun nuna mummunar haɗuwa tsakanin haɓaka na gaba da lobe MD da kuma kayan kirkirar jima'i.

Don haka, waɗannan ƙididdigar na farko suna daɗaɗawa kuma suna samar da wata alama da ke nuna cewa wataƙila akwai alamun neuroanatomical da / ko neurophysiological abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen jima'i na tilas. Waɗannan bayanan kuma sun nuna cewa wataƙila CSB yana cikin halin ƙazanta, amma kuma ya haɗa da wasu abubuwan haɗin, wanda zai iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sake motsawar rai da damuwa na OCD.

2) Kai-bayar da rahoton bambance-bambance kan matakan zartarwa aiki da kuma jima'i hali a cikin wani haƙuri da al'umma samfurin na maza (Reid et al., 2010) - [poorer zartarwa aikin] - Wani bayani:

Marasa lafiya da ke neman taimako don halayyar luwadi sukan nuna fasalin impulsivity, fahimi rigidity, rashin kaifin hukunci, kasawa a ka'idojin motsin rai, da yawan damuwa da jima'i. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan halaye ma galibi ne tsakanin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke gabatar da cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke haɗuwa da lalacewar zartarwa. Wadannan maganganun sun haifar da bincike na yanzu game da bambance-bambance tsakanin rukuni na marasa lafiya maza da mata (n = 87) da samfurin samari marasa jima'i (n = 92) na maza masu amfani da Inventory Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Halin maza da mata an daidaita su da kyau tare da ƙididdigar duniya na rashin aiki na zartarwa da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na BRIEF-A. Wadannan binciken suna ba da hujja na farko da ke tallafawa tunanin cewa rashin aikin zartarwa na iya kasancewa cikin halayen lalata.

3) Yin kallon batsa Hotuna a yanar-gizon: Matsayin Harkokin Jima'i da Abubuwan Lafiyar Harkokin Lafiyar Jama'a don Yin Amfani da Intanit Intanet Tafiyewa (Brand et al., 2011) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa da rashin aikin haɓaka] - Wani bayani:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa matsalolin da aka ruwaito a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da aka danganta da ayyukan jima'i na yau da kullum sunyi la'akari da matakan jima'i na jima'i na batsa, batutuwa na duniya da alamun cututtuka, da kuma yawan aikace-aikacen jima'i da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin da suke kan shafukan intanet a rayuwar yau da kullum, yayin da lokacin da aka yi amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na Intanet (minti a kowace rana) bai taimaka sosai ba wajen bayani game da bambancin a IATsex. Mun ga wasu daidaito tsakanin halayen kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye cybersex mai tsanani da kuma wadanda aka bayyana ga mutane da mahimmanci.

4) Halin Hotuna na Hotuna yana Kashe tare da Ayyukan Ayyukan Ayyuka (Laier et al., 2013) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa da rashin aikin haɓaka] - Wani bayani:

Wasu mutane suna bayar da rahoton matsaloli a lokacin da bayan bayanan jima'i na Intanet, irin su barcin barci da manta da alƙawura, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sakamakon lalacewa. Wata hanyar da zata iya haifar da wadannan matsalolin ita ce, jima'i a lokacin jima'i na Intanit zai iya tsangwama tare da damar aiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (WM), wanda ya haifar da sakaci game da bayanan muhallin da ya dace da kuma yanke shawarar yanke hukunci mara kyau. Sakamakon ya nuna mummunan aikin WM a cikin yanayin hoto na aikin 4-baya da aka kwatanta da yanayin hotunan guda uku. Ana tattauna zane game da jaraba ta Intanet saboda wulakancin WM ta bayanan jita-jita da aka sani da sanannun abubuwa.

5) Hanyoyin Cikin Jima'i Sun Kashe Tare da Yanke-Yanke A Kan Ambiguity (Laier et al., 2013) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa da rashin aikin haɓaka] - Wani bayani:

Sakamakon yanke shawara ya fi mummunan lokacin da hotunan jima'i suka haɗu da haɗarin katunan ajiya idan aka kwatanta da aikin yayin da aka haɗu da hotunan jima'i tare da magunguna masu kyau. Maɗaukaki na jima'i yana jagorancin dangantaka tsakanin yanayin aiki da yanke shawara. Wannan binciken ya jaddada cewa jima'i yana jituwa da yanke shawara, wanda zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin hanyar amfani da yanar gizo.

6) Shawarar yanar gizo na Cybersex: Rashin jima'i a lokacin kallon hotunan batsa kuma ba ma'amala na ainihin rayuwar dangi ba ke haifar da bambanci (Laier et al., 2013) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa da rashin aikin haɓaka] - Wani bayani:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa alamun nuna sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar shafukan yanar-gizon Intanet sunyi tsammanin halin da ake ciki don cin zarafin cybersex a cikin binciken farko. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an nuna cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na mai matsala suna ba da rahoto game da halayen jima'i da kuma haɗari da suka haifar da gabatarwar hotuna. A cikin binciken duka biyu, adadin da inganci tare da ma'amala na ainihi ba su da alaka da buri na cybersex. Sakamakon yana goyan baya ga ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya zama ƙarfafawa, tsarin ilmantarwa, da kuma sha'awar zama matakai masu dacewa a ci gaba da kuma kiyaye tsangwama na cybersex. Magance ko rashin jin daɗi na lambobin sadarwar jima'i ba za su iya ba da cikakken bayani game da jima'i na yanar gizo ba.

7) Jima'i Jima'i, ba da namiji da jima'i ba, yana da alaka da Amsoshin Neurophysiological Elicited by Sexual Images (Steele et al., 2013) - [mafi girma mai juyayi na haɓakawa tare da rashin sha'awar jima'i: haɓakawa da haɓaka] - Wannan nazarin EEG ya touted a cikin kafofin yada labarai a matsayin shaida game da wanzuwar batsa ta jima'i / jima'i. Ba haka ba. Steele et al. 2013 tana taimakawa wajen kasancewar batutuwan batsa biyu kuma batsa yana amfani da ƙarancin jima'i. Ta yaya? Binciken ya ba da rahoton mafi girma na EEG (dangane da hotuna masu tsauraran ra'ayi) lokacin da aka nuna hotuna a cikin hotuna. Nazarin da ke nunawa yana nuna cewa wani P300 mai girma yana faruwa a yayin da aka ba da jita-jita ga alamun (irin su hotuna) da suka shafi jaraba.

A layi tare da Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge ta duba nazari, wannan nazarin EEG har ila yau, ya ruwaito mafi girma-rikodin zuwa batsa ya haɓaka tare da Kadan sha'awar yin jima'i. Don sanya shi wata hanya - mutane da yawa da aka hawan kwakwalwa zuwa batsa zai fi dacewa da batsa fiye da yin jima'i da mutum na ainihi. Abin mamaki, binciken mai magana da yawun Nicole Farko sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu amfani da batsa kawai suna da "babban libido," duk da haka sakamakon binciken ya ce daidai akasin (son sha'awar jinsin auren jima'i da aka haɗu da su dangane da yin amfani da batsa).

Tare, waɗannan biyun Steele et al. Abubuwan binciken sun nuna mafi girman aikin kwakwalwa don nunawa (hotunan batsa), duk da haka rashin amsawa ga lada na halitta (jima'i da mutum). Wancan shine 'fadakarwa & rashin kulawa, wadanda sune alamun jarabar. Takwas takwarorin da aka yi nazari a kansu sun bayyana gaskiya: Binciken da aka yi wa matasa Steele et al., 2013. Har ila yau, ga wannan m YBOP mai sharhi.

Baya ga yawancin da'awar da aka yi a cikin manema labaru, yana da damuwa cewa nazarin 2013 EGG na Prause ya yi nazari a kan jarrabawa, yayin da ya sha wahala daga maƙasudin maƙasudin tafarki: 1) batutuwa sun kasance mahaukaci (maza, mata, wadanda ba na namiji ba); 2) batutuwa sun kasance ba a kariya ba saboda rashin kwakwalwa ko ƙwayar cuta; 3) binciken ya babu wani rukuni don kwatantawa; 4) tambayoyi sun kasance ba a tabbatar dashi don yin amfani da batsa ko buri ba. Steele a al. ba shi da kyau sosai cewa kawai 4 daga sama 24 wallafe-wallafe da sharhi damu da su ambaci shi: biyu suna yin la'akari da shi a matsayin kimiyyar takalmin da ba a yarda da ita ba, yayin da wasu biyu suka kira shi a matsayin haɓakawa tare da rashin sha'awar jima'i tare da abokin tarayya (alamun jaraba).

8) Tsarin Brain da Haɗin Haɗin Haɗakarwa Tare da Kuskuren Ciniki: Brain on Porn (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [ƙuntatawa, haɗuwa, da kuma matakan farko na dysfunctional]. Wannan binciken na Max Planck fMRI ya ruwaito rahoton 3 na binciken da ke tattare da matakan da ake amfani dashi: (1) ƙananan sakamako kayan aiki na launin fata (dorsal striatum), (2) ƙayyadadden ladaran aiki yayin da ke kallon jima'i, (3) tsakanin dorsal striatum da dorsolateral cortex cortex. Masu binciken sun fassara abubuwan da aka gano a cikin 3 a matsayin nuni da sakamakon tasirin hotuna mai tsawo. Kamfanin ya ce,

Wannan yana cikin layi tare da tsinkayar cewa tasiri mai tsanani ga batutuwa na batsa ya haifar da tsarin ƙaddamar da yanayin karɓan halitta ta hanyar jima'i..

Lokacin da yake kwatanta rashin haɗin aiki tsakanin PFC da striatum binciken ya ce,

Rashin aiki na wannan kewaye yana da alaƙa da zabi marasa dacewa, kamar neman ƙwayoyi, ko da kuwa sakamakon mummunan sakamako

Mai jagoranci Simone Kühn yayi sharhi a cikin sanarwar Max Planck:

Muna tsammanin cewa batutuwa da ke da batutuwa masu girma suna bukatar kara ƙarfafawa don karɓar nauyin adadin. Wannan na iya nufin cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yau da kullum ko fiye ko žasa ya fitar da tsarin aikin ku. Wannan zai dace daidai da tsammanin tsarin haɗin su na bukatar ƙarfafawa.

9) Abubuwan da ke tattare da jigilar jima'i a cikin Mutum tare da ba tare da halayen jima'i ba.Voon et al., 2014) - [mahimmanci / cue-reactivity da kuma raguwa] Na farko a cikin jerin jami'o'in Jami'ar Cambridge sun gano irin wannan nauyin kwakwalwa a cikin abin da ake yi a kan magunguna (batutuwa na CSB) kamar yadda ake gani a cikin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma masu maye - mafi yawan abin da ke nunawa ko kuma jijiyar. Mai bincike Valerie Voon Ya ce:

Akwai bambancin bambanci a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke da halayyar jima'i da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya. Wadannan bambance-bambance sun kwatanta da wadanda ke shan magani.

Voon et al., 2014 kuma sun gano cewa abincin batsa ya dace dabarar da aka yarda dashi na son "shi" mafi, amma ba sa son "shi". Musamman:

Idan aka kwatanta da masu saran lafiya, batutuwa na CSB sun fi sha'awar jima'i ko sha'awar bayyana ra'ayoyin kuma sun fi sha'awar ƙididdigar ra'ayoyin, don haka suna nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ƙauna da ƙaunar

Masu binciken sun kuma bayar da rahoton cewa 60% na batutuwa (matsakaicin shekarun: 25) yana da wuyar samun samfuri / haɗin kai tare da abokan hulɗa, duk da haka zai iya cimma burbushin da batsa. Wannan yana nuna mahimmanci ko al'ada. Excerpts:

Batutuwa na CSB sun ruwaito cewa sakamakon mummunan amfani da kayan aiki na jima'i ... .. raguwa ya rage libido ko aiki na musamman musamman a cikin dangantaka ta jiki da mata (ko da yake ba a cikin dangantaka da jima'i ba).

Batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun fi wahalar matsala tare da jima'i da jima'i kuma sun fuskanci matsaloli masu mahimmanci a cikin jima'i amma ba ga abin da ke tattare da jima'i ba.

10) Hanyar Harkokin Kulawa Game da Harkokin Jima'i a cikin Mutum tare da ba tare da halayen jima'i ba.Mechelmans et al., 2014) - [mahimmanci / cue-reactivity] - Nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge na biyu. Wani bayani:

Abubuwan da muka gano game da abin da ya kamata mu kara da hankali ... sunyi tunanin yiwuwar haɓaka tare da kulawa da hankali da hankali akan nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin rikici na tsari. Wadannan binciken sun haɗa da binciken da suka faru kwanan nan game da karuwar jigilar hanzari a cikin hanyar sadarwa kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin binciken nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma bada tallafi ga dalili na motsa jiki na jaraba wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant zuwa jima'i a cikin [ batal addicts]. Wannan binciken ya damu tare da bincikenmu na kwanan nan cewa bidiyon bidiyo na jima'i an hade da mafi girma a cikin hanyar sadarwa mai kama da abin da aka lura a cikin nazarin magunguna. Bukatar mafi girma ko sha'awar maimakon ƙaunar da aka haɓaka da haɗin kai a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa. Wadannan nazarin tare suna bada goyon baya ga ka'idar motsa jiki na jarabawa wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant game da jima'i a cikin CSB.

11) Cybersex buri a cikin 'yan mata mata masu amfani da batsa na batsa na intanet zasu iya bayyanawa ta hanyar jaddada yarda (Laier et al., 2014) - [mafi girma sha'awa / haɓakawa] - Wani bayani:

Mun bincika mata 51 na IPU da mata 51 waɗanda ba masu amfani da yanar gizo ba (NIPU). Ta amfani da tambayoyi, mun tantance tsananin matsalar jarabar intanet gabaɗaya, da kuma haɓakar fitsarin jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai wahala, da kuma alamun alamun hankali. Ari ga haka, an gudanar da wani gwaji na gwaji, gami da gwajin hotunan batsa 100, kazalika da alamun nuna sha'awa. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa IPU ta ba da hotunan batsa a matsayin abin sha'awa kuma an ba da rahoton babban abin sha'awa saboda gabatarwar hoton batsa idan aka kwatanta da NIPU. Haka kuma, sha'awar hoto, sanya hotuna na sha'awa, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai matsala, da kuma tsananin alamun alamu na nuna halin sha'awar jarabar intanet cikin IPU.

Kasancewa cikin dangantaka, yawan lambobin jima'i, gamsuwa da lambobin saduwa da jima'i, da kuma amfani da yanar gizo masu hulda ba su da alaƙa da jarabar yanar gizo. Wadannan sakamakon suna cikin lamuran da wadanda aka ruwaito na maza maza a cikin karatun da suka gabata. Abubuwan bincike game da karfafawa game da sha'awar jima'i, hanyoyin ilmantarwa, da kuma rawar da ke tattare da sakewa da kuma sha'awar ci gaban jarabar intanet cikin IPU ana buƙatar tattaunawa.

12) Abubuwan Hulɗa da Ƙididdiga Masu Tarihi game da Abubuwan Taimakawa Cybersex Addiction Daga Harkokin Bincike na Zuciya (Laier et al., 2014) - [mafi girma sha'awa / haɓakawa] - Wani bayani:

An tattauna yanayin da ake kira cybersex buri (CA) da kuma hanyoyin da ake gudanarwa. Ayyukan da suka gabata sun nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya zama masu sauƙi ga CA, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa da haɓakawa da ake gani ana daukar su su zama ginshiƙan tsarin ci gaban CA. A cikin wannan binciken, 155 mazaje maza da mata maza sun ƙididdige hotunan 100 hotuna kuma sun nuna haɓakawar haɗuwa da jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake nufi da CA, da hankali ga jima'i da jima'i, da kuma yin amfani da jima'i cikin jima'i an tsara su. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa akwai dalilai na rashin lafiyar zuwa CA kuma ya samar da shaida ga muhimmancin jima'i da dullfunctional aiki a cikin ci gaba na CA.

13) Abinda ke ciki, Daidaitawa da Hanyar Harkokin Jima'i (Kyauta)Banca et al., 2015) - [gagarumin sha'awar / farfadowa da haɓaka / haɓakawa] - Wani nazarin Kimiyya na Jami'ar Cambridge na fMRI. Idan aka kwatanta da masu rinjaye na batsa sun fi sha'awar jima'i da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin batsa. Duk da haka, kwakwalwar magungunan batsa suna cike da sauri zuwa hotuna. Tun da sha'awar sabon ba a riga ya kasance ba, an yi imani da cewa jita-jita batsa yana kokarin neman sabon abu a ƙoƙari na cin nasara akan labarun da kuma lalata.

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗaka (CSB) an hade da ingantaccen fifiko na sha'awa don yin jima'i, idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu sarrafawa, da kuma ra'ayi na kowa don ra'ayoyin da ake jima'i don jima'i da kuma kudaden kuɗi tare da tsaka-tsaki idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai lafiya. Kamfanonin CSB sun sami ciwon haɗin kai da yawa don sake yin jima'i tare da tsabar kudi tare da matsayi na haɓaka da haɓakawa tare da ingantaccen zaɓi na jima'i. Hanyoyin halayyar da ke tattare da jima'i a cikin abubuwan da ba a yarda da su ba ne daga abubuwan da suka fi son yin amfani da su don halayyar jima'i. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mutane CSB suna da wani zaɓi wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi don ƙaddamar da haɗin kai wanda ya fi dacewa ta hanyar haɗakarwa ta al'ada tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa na kwanciyar hankali don lada. Wani bayani:

Wani bayani daga abin da aka buga ta latsa:

Sun gano cewa lokacin da jima'i ya yi maimaita kallon jima'i akai-akai, idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun sami raguwar aiki a yankin kwakwalwa da aka sani da layin kwakwalwa na baya, wanda aka sani yana shiga cikin sa ran sakamako da amsawa sababbin abubuwan. Wannan ya dace da 'haɓaka', inda mai shan magani ya sami irin wannan motsa jiki da ƙasa kuma ba mai ladabi - alal misali, mai shan giya na iya samun caffeine 'buzz' daga kofin su na farko, amma a tsawon lokaci sukan ƙara shan kofi, ƙananan buzz ya zama.

Hakanan wannan tasiri yana faruwa a cikin maza mai kyau wadanda aka nuna su a bidiyo guda daya. Amma idan sun duba sabon bidiyon, matakin sha'awa da ƙyamarwa ya koma matakin asali. Wannan yana nuna cewa, don hana haɓakawa, mai shan jima'i yana bukatar buƙatar samar da sababbin hotuna. A wasu kalmomi, halin da ake ciki yana iya fitar da bincike don hotunan hotuna.

"Abubuwan da muke binciken sun fi dacewa a cikin batutuwa na batsa na intanit," in ji Dokta Voon. "Ba a bayyana abin da ke haifar da jima'i ba a farkon wuri kuma yana iya yiwuwa wasu mutane sun fi damuwa da jaraba fiye da wasu, amma irin yadda ba a iya samar da hotuna a cikin layi ba, yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da jaraba da jima'i. mafi wuya a tserewa. "

14) Abubuwan Bautawa na Bukatar Jima'i a Mutum tare da Matsalar Saduwa da Abokan Hulɗa (Seok & Sohn, 2015) - [halayyar mahimmanci / farfadowa da mahimmanci] - Wannan binciken na Koriya ta FMRI ya sake yin nazari kan wasu masu amfani da batsa. Kamar yadda Jami'ar Cambridge Jami'ar ta yi nazari, ta gano samfurin motsa jiki na kwakwalwa a cikin jima'i, wanda ya kwatanta irin alamun magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bisa ga binciken da yawa da Jamusanci ya samo gyare-gyare a cikin kundin farko wanda yayi daidai da canje-canjen da aka yi a cikin masu shan magani. Abinda ke faruwa shi ne cewa binciken binciken ya kasance daidai da alamomin gyaran haɗin gwiwar da aka yi a cikin maganin ƙwayoyi masu magungunan ƙwayoyi: Cue-reactivity zuwa hotunan jima'i duk da haka ba a hana martani ga sauran abubuwan da suka dace ba. Wani bayani:

Nazarinmu na nufin bincike akan ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da sha'awar jima'i tare da haɓakaccen yanayi na furotin na aikin magudi (fMRI). Mutum ashirin da uku da ke da PHB da 22 shekaru-wanda ya dace da kyawawan lafiya an duba su yayin da suke kallon jima'i da jima'i. Matakan 'yan jarida' yan jima'i sun tantance su saboda amsawa ga kowane jima'i. Mahimmanci ga sarrafawa, mutanen da ke tare da PHB sun sami sha'awar jima'i da yawa da kuma bunkasa sha'awar jima'i yayin shawaɗɗa ga matsalolin jima'i. An lura da mafi girma a cikin ƙwayar caudate, lobe na parietal na baya, kwakwalwa na tsakiya na dorsal, thalamus, da kuma gurgunin gaba na farko a cikin kungiyar PHB fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa. Bugu da kari, alamu na hemodynamic a cikin yankunan da aka kunna sun bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyi. Daidai da binciken da kwakwalwar ke tattare da nazarin abu da halayyar dabi'a, mutanen da ke da dabi'un hali na PHB da kuma sha'awar da aka haɓaka sun nuna sauyawar kunnawa a cikin layin da ke gaba da ƙananan yankuna.

15) Canji na Abubuwan Ganawa Mai Ruwa ta hanyar Abubuwan Taɗi a Masu Amfani da Matsala da Ba'a Yarda da "Jima'in Yara" (Yi amfani da al al., 2015) - [al'ada] - Nazarin EEG na biyu daga Nicole Prause ta tawagar. Wannan binciken ya kwatanta darussan 2013 daga Steele et al., 2013 zuwa wani rukuni na ainihi (duk da haka ya sha wahala daga irin wannan fasalin da ake kira sama). Sakamakon: Idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa "mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin da suke kallon kallon su" suna da karfin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa zuwa wani abu na biyu zuwa hotuna na batilla din vanilla. A jagorar marubuci da'awar wadannan sakamakon "dabarun batsa. "Abin da masanin kimiyyar halal za su yi iƙirarin cewa binciken da ba su yi ba ne kawai ya ƙetare da kyakkyawan tsari na binciken?

A gaskiya, sakamakon binciken Yi amfani da al al. 2015 daidaita daidai da Kühn & Gallinat (2014), wanda ya gano cewa mafi yawan batsa suna amfani da su tare da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa a mayar da martani ga hotuna na batilla. Yi amfani da al al. Sakamakon kuma daidaita da Banca et al. 2015 wanda shine #13 a cikin wannan jerin. Bugu da ƙari, wani nazarin EEG gano cewa mafi yawan amfani da batsa a cikin mata yana haɗuwa da ƙananan kunnawa kwakwalwa zuwa batsa. Eananan karatun EEG yana nufin cewa batutuwa suna ba da hankali sosai ga hotuna. A taƙaice, yawancin masu amfani da batsa an rage su zuwa tsayayyun hotunan batsa na vanilla. Sun kasance sun gundura (al'ada ko rage ƙarfi). Duba wannan m YBOP mai sharhi. Takaddun takwarorin goma da aka bita sun yarda cewa wannan binciken da gaske ya sami rashin hankali / al'ada a cikin masu amfani da batsa na yau da kullun (daidai da jaraba): Binciken da aka yi wa matasa Yi amfani da al al., 2015

Yi kokari yayi shelar cewa karatunta ta EEG sun yi la'akari da "cue-reactivity" (sanarwa), maimakon haɓaka. Koda kodayake kodayaushe ta yi daidai sai ta yi watsi da ramin da ya ragu a cikin kalmar "falsification": Ko da kuwa Yi amfani da al al. 2015 ya sami raguwa mai yawa a yawan masu amfani da batsa, 24 wasu binciken nazarin binciken neuro ya ruwaito -ewaitawa ko ƙwarewa (sanarwa) a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu karfi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Kimiyya baya tafiya da karatu na kaɗaici wanda mummunar dabara ce ta kama shi; kimiyya yana tafiya tare da tabbacin hujja (sai dai idan kun an kaddamar da shirin).

16) HPA Axis Dysregulation a cikin Men tare da Abokan Hulɗa Saduwa (Chatzittofis, 2015) - [dysfunctional stress mayar da martani] - Nazarin tare da 67 jima'i jima'i da kuma 39 shekaru-matched controls. Hanya ta Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) shine dan wasan tsakiya a cikin amsawar mu. Addictions canza yanayin haɗin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da hasashen HPA na dysfunctional. Wannan binciken da ake yi akan jima'i (mazauna mazauna mata) ya canza canza martani game da matakan da suka dace da abubuwan da aka gano tare da jita-jita. Ana fitowa daga sakin watsawa:

Binciken ya shafi 67 maza da rashin daidaituwa ta maza da kuma 39 lafiya. Masu halartar da aka bincikar da su a hankali don rashin lafiyar mata da maza da kuma duk wani rikici tare da ciwo ko ƙananan yara. Masu bincike sun ba su kashi kadan na dexamethasone a daren jiya kafin gwajin don hana maganin maganin lissafi, sa'an nan kuma da safe sun auna matakan da suka hada da hormones cortisol da ACTH. Sun gano cewa marasa lafiya da rashin daidaituwa na maza da mata suna da matakai masu girma irin wannan kwayoyin halitta fiye da magungunan lafiya, wani bambanci wanda ya kasance ko da bayan kula da cututtukan zuciya da nakasa.

"An lura da ka'idojin tashin hankali a cikin masu fama da ciwo da marasa lafiya da kuma masu zalunci," in ji Farfesa Jokinen. "A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an mayar da hankali ne game da cutar da yara zai iya haifar da dysregulation daga cikin jiki ta hanyar jituwa ta hanyar abubuwan da ake kira epigenetic tsarin, a wasu kalmomi yadda yanayin psychosocial na iya rinjayar da kwayoyin da ke sarrafa wadannan tsarin." A cewar masu bincike, sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da ke cikin wani nau'i na zalunci zai iya amfani da shi ga mutanen da ke fama da rikici.

17) Gwajin gaba da kuma jita-jita na yanar gizo: wani samfurin nazari da nazarin binciken neuropsychological da neuroimaging (Brand et al., 2015) - [matakan farko na dysfunctional / poorer zartarwa da haɓakawa] - Excerpt:

Daidai da wannan, sakamakon daga aikin neuroimaging da sauran nazarin neuropsychological ya nuna cewa sake-amsawa, sha'awar, da yanke shawara sune mahimman ra'ayoyi don fahimtar jarabar Intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo akan raguwa a cikin ikon zartarwa sunyi daidai da sauran ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, kamar caca. Hakanan suna jaddada rarrabewar abin a matsayin jaraba, saboda akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tare da binciken abubuwan dogaro. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da binciken daga binciken bincike na dogaro da ƙarfafa kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro ko wasu ƙwarewar ɗabi'a.

18) Ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba a cikin haɗin gizon cybersex: Tsayar da gwagwarmaya ta Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiya da hotuna masu ban sha'awa (Snagkowski et al., 2015) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / haɓakawa] - Excerpt:

Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan suna nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro da jayayya don rarraba jarabar cybersex azaman ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a. A cikin dogaro da abu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sanannun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, kuma irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu ba da ma'ana ba a yi nazarin su a cikin jarabar yanar gizo ba, ya zuwa yanzu. A cikin wannan binciken na gwaji, mahalarta maza 128 maza sun kammala Gwajin Associationungiyar Associationungiya (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan batsa. Bugu da ari, halayyar halayyar jima'i, da hankali game da halayyar jima'i, halaye game da jarabar cybersex, da sha'awar sha'awa saboda kallon hotunan batsa.

Sakamakon yana nuna ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi bayyanannu na hotunan batsa tare da motsin zuciyar kirki da kuma sha'awar sha'awar jaraba, yanayin jima'i mai matsala, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar sha'awa. Haka kuma, an gudanar da bincike game da tashin hankali wanda ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka bayarda rahoton matsanancin son kai kuma suka nuna kyakkyawar kungiya ta hotunan batsa tare da kyakyawan halaye, musamman wadanda suka dace da jarabar intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo sun nuna rawar iyawa na ƙungiyoyi masu ma'ana tare da hotunan batsa a cikin ci gaba da kuma kula da jaraba na yanar gizo. Haka kuma, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da abubuwan da aka samo daga binciken dogaro da abubuwa da kuma karfafa kwatanci tsakanin jarabar cybersex da kuma abubuwan da suka dogara da su ko kuma wasu jarabawar halayyar.

19) Kwayar cututtuka ta hanyar cybersex za a iya danganta su duka zuwa gaba ɗaya da kuma guje wa ciwon batsa: sakamakon daga samfurin analog na masu amfani da yanar gizo na yau da kullum (Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / haɓakawa] - Excerpt:

Wasu hanyoyi suna nuna kusanci da mahimmancin abin da aka saba da su don abin da tsarin kulawa / tsayayya yake zama mahimmanci. Yawancin masu bincike sunyi jita-jita cewa a cikin halin da ake ciki game da jita-jita, mutane na iya nuna nuna sha'awar kusanci ko kuma guje wa maganganu. A cikin binciken na yanzu 123 maza da maza maza sun kammala aikin da ba a yarda ba. Rinck da Becker, 2007) an gyara shi da hotuna batsa. Yayin da masu halartar taron na AAT sun kasance suna tura matsalolin batsa ko cire su zuwa ga kansu tare da farin ciki. Sanya hankali game da halayyar jima'i, matsalolin jima'i da matsala, da kuma halin da ake ciki don cin zarafin cybersex an gudanar da su tare da tambayoyi.

Sakamako ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da halayen haɗarin cybersex suna kula da su ko kuma sun guje wa ciwon batsa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar rikicewar rikicewa ta bayyana cewa mutane da halayen jima'i da matsalolin jima'i da suka nuna dabi'u mai kyau / tsai da hankali, ya ruwaito mafi yawan alamun halayen cybersex. Ganin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, sakamakon yana nuna cewa duka biyan hankali da kuma kaucewa halayen zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fyade na cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, haɗuwa tare da hankali ga haɗakar jima'i da matsalolin jima'i na iya haifar da tasiri game da ƙananan gunaguni na yau da kullum a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum saboda amfani da cybersex. Abubuwan binciken sun samar da hujjoji masu zurfi game da kamance tsakanin jituwa na cybersex da abin dogara. Irin wannan kamance za a iya komawa zuwa wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na aikin cybersex- da magungunan miyagun kwayoyi.

20) Yin makale tare da batsa? Cunkushewa ko sakaci game da labarun cybersex a cikin halin da ake ciki da yawa yana da alaƙa da alamun cututtuka na cybersex (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa da rashin kulawa da shugabanci] - Excerpt:

Wasu mutane suna cin abin da ke ciki na yanar gizo, irin su kayan batsa, a cikin wani abin bautar rai, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon mummunan sakamako a rayuwar mutum ko aiki. Wata hanyar da za ta haifar da mummunan sakamako zai iya rage ikon sarrafawa game da halayyar juna da halayyar da za su iya zama dole don gane fasalin manufa ta hanyar amfani da cybersex da sauran ayyuka da wajibai na rayuwa. Don magance wannan batu, mun bincika mahallin mahalarta 104 tare da zane-zane mai kwakwalwa tare da jiguna biyu: Ɗaya daga cikin jerin hotuna na mutane, ɗayan kuma ya kunshi hotunan hotuna. A cikin duka biyu an tsara hotunan bisa wasu ka'idodi. Dalilin da ya kamata shine ya yi aiki a kan dukan ayyuka masu rarraba a daidaituwa, ta hanyar sauyawa tsakanin ɗawainiya da ɗawainiyar ƙayyadewa a daidaitaccen hanya.

Mun gano cewa rashin daidaitattun aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan jigon mahaɗin ya haɗu da halayen da ya dace da jita-jitar cybersex. Mutane da wannan hali sukan yi amfani da su ko kuma suna watsi da aikin hotuna. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa rage ikon sarrafawa a kan ayyukan fasaha, lokacin da aka fuskanci batsa, zai iya taimakawa wajen halayen dysfunctional da kuma sakamakon mummunan sakamakon tsangwama na cybersex. Duk da haka, mutanen da ke da halayen haɗin cybersex suna da wani yunkuri don kaucewa ko kuma kusanci abubuwa na batsa, kamar yadda aka tattauna a dabi'un jaraba na jaraba.

21) Ciniki Daga baya Kyauta ga abubuwan da ke sha'awa a yanzu: Abinda ke ciki da batsa da kuma jinkirtawa (Negash et al., 2015) - [poorer manajan sarrafawa: gwajin gwaji] - Excerpts:

Nazarin 1: Mahalarta sun kammala amfani da tambayoyin batsa da kuma yin ragin aiki a cikin Lokaci 1 sannan kuma bayan sati huɗu. Mahalarta masu ba da rahoton mafi girman batsa na farko suna amfani da mafi girman ragin ragi a Lokaci 2, suna sarrafa rangwame na farkon jinkiri. Nazarin 2: Mahalarta waɗanda suka kaurace wa batsa suna amfani da ragi na ragi na ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da waɗanda suka kaurace wa abincin da suka fi so.

Shafin batsa na Intanit kyauta ne wanda ke taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran dabi'a, ko da a lokacin da amfani baya da karfi ko jaraba. Wannan bincike ya zama muhimmiyar gudummawa, yana nuna cewa sakamakon ya wuce ƙarancin lokaci.

Hanyoyin batsa na iya samar da jima'i na jima'i nan da nan amma suna da abubuwan da zasu iya wucewa da kuma tasiri ga wasu yankuna na rayuwar mutum, musamman dangantaka.

Abinda aka gano yana nuna cewa hotunan Intanet yana da ladabi wanda zai taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a bi da batsa a matsayin wani abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin lada, da lalata, da kuma ilimin jaraba da kuma yin amfani da wannan bisa ga mutum da kuma maganin dangantaka.

22) Hanyoyin Jima'i da Dysfunctional Kashe Kayyade Cybersex Addiction a cikin maza da maza (Laier et al., 2015) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / haɓakawa] - Excerpt:

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna wata dangantaka tsakanin tsananin cutarwar CyberSex (CA) da alamu na nuna halin jima'i, da kuma cewa halayyar halayen jima'i ya shiga tsakani tsakanin alamomin jima'i da alamun CA. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce gwada wannan matsakanci a cikin samfurin maza masu luwadi. Tambayoyi sun tantance alamun CA, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, batsa tana amfani da motsa sha'awa, halayyar jima'i matsala, alamu na halin ɗan adam, da halayyar jima'i a rayuwa ta ainihi da kan layi. Haka kuma, mahalarta sun kalli bidiyon batsa kuma sun nuna sha'awarsu ta jima'i kafin da kuma bayan bayyanar bidiyon.

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin alamomin CA da alamomi na sha'awar jima'i da nuna wariyar jima'i, jimre wa halayen jima'i, da alamu na halin tunani. CA bashi da alaƙa da halayyar jima'i ta layi da sakin layi na mako-mako yana amfani da lokaci. Yin fama da halayen jima'i wani ɓangaren ɗan tsakani ne ya sulhunta dangantakar da ke tsakanin sha'awar jima'i da CA. Sakamakon binciken yana da alaƙa da waɗanda aka bayar da rahoto ga maza da mata na maza a cikin binciken da suka gabata kuma ana tattauna su game da asalin tunanin ka'idojin CA, waɗanda ke nuna rawar ingantacciyar ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi saboda amfani da yanar gizo.

23) Matsayi na Neuroinflammation a cikin Pathophysiology na Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2016) - [maganin dysfunctional stress da neuro-ƙonewa] - Wannan binciken ya ruwaito matakan da suka shafi mafi girma na tumor Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) a cikin jima'i na jima'i idan aka kwatanta da kulawar lafiya. Matakan TNF (alamar ƙonawa) an samo su a cikin masu amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi da dabbobi masu shan magani (barasa, heroin, meth). Akwai matakan haɗaka tsakanin matakan TNF da ma'auni masu auna daidaituwa.

24) Halayen Jima'i Mai Haɗaka: Gabatarwa da Ƙarshen Ƙarshe da Hadin Kai (Schmidt et al., 2016) - [da'irorin farko masu lalacewa da fadakarwa] - Wannan binciken fMRI ne. Idan aka kwatanta da kulawar lafiya na batutuwa na CSB (masu lalata batsa) sun ƙara ƙarar amygdala na hagu kuma sun rage haɗin haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da cortex na farko DLPFC. Rage haɗin haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da cortex na farko yana daidaita da abubuwan maye. Ana tunanin cewa rashin haɗin haɗin gwiwa ya rage ikon kulawar gaba na gaba akan sha'awar mai amfani don shiga cikin halin lalata. Wannan binciken yana ba da shawara cewa yawan ƙwayoyi masu guba na iya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayar launin toka don haka ya rage ƙimar amygdala a cikin masu shan kwayoyi. Amygdala yana aiki koyaushe yayin kallon batsa, musamman a lokacin da aka fara bayyanar da shi game da jima'i. Wataƙila sabon abu na jima'i da bincike da nema yana haifar da tasiri na musamman akan amygdala a cikin masu amfani da batsa. A madadin, shekarun jaraba na batsa da mummunan sakamako mai wahala suna da matukar damuwa - kuma cHarkokin jin dadin jama'a yana da dangantaka da ƙara yawan amygdala. Nazarin #16 a sama gano cewa "jima'i addicts" suna da tsarin kulawa mai mahimmanci. Shin mawuyacin halin da ake ciki game da jima'i / jima'i, tare da abubuwan da suke yin jima'i, suna haifar da ƙarar amygdala mafi yawa? Wani bayani:

Hanyoyinmu na yanzu suna nuna alamar girma a cikin wani yanki da ke tattare da jin daɗin motsa jiki da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa da ke tattare da cibiyoyin sadarwa na gaba. Rushewar irin waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa na iya bayyana dabi'u masu halayyar haɓaka ta hanyar saduwa da yanayin muhalli ko kuma inganta haɓakawa zuwa abubuwan da suka dace. Kodayake binciken bincikenmu ya bambanta da wadanda ke cikin SUD, waɗannan binciken zasu iya nuna bambancin ra'ayi kamar yadda ake amfani da kwayoyin cutar ta miyagun ƙwayoyi. Shaidun da ke fitowa suna nuna yiwuwar farfadowa tare da tsarin jaraba musamman tallafawa ka'idojin motsa jiki. Mun nuna cewa wannan aiki a cikin wannan salwar yanar gizo yana kara inganta bayan an dauka ga mafi kyawun sakonni ko fifitaccen jima'i da aka fi sani [Markus et al., 2016; Seok da Sohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014] tare da ingantaccen kulawa [Mechelmans et al., 2014] kuma suna sha'awar musamman game da jima'i amma ba jima'i ba ne (Markus et al., 2016; Voon et al., 2014].

Ingantaccen hankali game da abubuwan jima'i a bayyane yana da alaƙa da zaɓi ga al'amuran yanayin jima'i don haka yana tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin sanya yanayin jima'i da nuna fifiko [Banca et al., 2016]. Wadannan binciken na ingantaccen aikin da aka danganta da sha'anin jima'i sun bambanta da sakamakon (wanda ba shi da kariya ba tare da kariya ba) wanda ingantacciyar haɓakawa, wanda ya dace daidai da yanayin haƙuri, yana ƙaruwa da fifiko ga matakan jima'i [Banca et al., 2016]. Tare da waɗannan binciken yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa kwayoyin halitta na CSB da ke haifar da fahimtar ƙwayar cuta da kuma ganewa na alamar ilimin likita.

25) Ayyukan Harkokin Kasuwanci na Ƙirƙirar Lokacin da kake kallon Hotuna Hotuna An Haɗaka da Labaran Intanit Hoto na Addini (Tarihi)Brand et al., 2016) - [karfin haɓakawa / farfadowa mafi girma] - Nazarin fMRI na Jamus. Gano #1: Ayyukan cibiyar sakamako (ƙwararrakin ƙwaƙwalwa) ya fi girma don fi son hotuna batsa. Binciken #2: Rawanin ƙarfin halayen kwakwalwar ƙwayar cuta da aka haɗa da intanet jima'i jima'i. Dukkan binciken guda biyu suna nuna matatarwa da daidaitawa tare da buri na samfurin. Mawallafa sun bayyana cewa "Maɗaukakiyar tushen jita-jita na Intanit yana da kama da sauran tsofaffi." Wani bayani:

Ɗaya daga cikin buri na yanar-gizon intanet ne mai amfani da batsa, wanda ake kira cybersex ko bidiyon Intanet. Neuroimaging karatu gano aiki ventilation lokacin da mahalarta kallon hanzari na ainihin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da kayan da ba a bayyana ba. Yanzu munyi zaton cewa sakonni ya kamata ya amsa ya fi son batsa idan aka kwatanta da hotunan batsa da ba a fi sonsa ba kuma ya kamata a yi daidai da aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan bambanci tare da bayyanarwar bayyanar cututtuka na Intanet. Mun yi nazarin 19 mahalarta maza da mata tare da hoton hoto wanda ya hada da abubuwan da suka fi son abin sha'awa.

Hotuna daga ɗakunan da aka fi so suna da ƙari, ƙananan maras kyau, kuma mafi kusa da manufa. Maganar ƙwararrayin motsa jiki ta fi karfi ga yanayin da aka fi so idan aka kwatanta da hotuna waɗanda ba a fi son su ba. Ra'ayin da aka yi a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin wannan bambanci ya kasance daidai da alamun da aka ba da rahoto game da jarabawar Intanet. Maganar bayyanar cututtuka ita ce maɗaukakiyar hangen nesa a cikin rikice-rikice na sharudda tare da amsawar sakonni na kwaskwarima kamar yadda yake dogara da mawuyacin hali da kuma hangen nesa na cin bidiyo na Intanet, cin zarafi na jima'i, halayyar zinare, rashin tausayi, halayyar mutumtaka, da halin jima'i a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe . Sakamakon yana tallafa wa rawar da ake yi don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa cikin ladaran sakamako da ladaran da aka danganta da abubuwan da ke son batsa. Hanyoyin da ake bukata don samun sakamako a cikin kwakwalwa na iya taimakawa wajen yin bayani game da dalilin da ya sa mutane da wasu abubuwan da suke so da kuma jima'i suna da haɗari don rasa ikon su akan amfani da batsa na Intanit.

26) Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar Kwarewa da Ƙananan Haɗuwa A Tsarin Abubuwan Da Suka Yi Da Halayen Jima'i Mai Haɗari (Klucken et al., 2016) - [ƙin farfadowa da mahimmanci da haɓakawa da halayen dysfunctional] - Wannan binciken na Jamus na fMRI ya yi mahimman bayanai biyu daga binciken Voon et al., 2014 da kuma Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Babban Abubuwan Bincike: Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin yanayin ciye-ciye da haɗin jijiyoyi sun canza a cikin ƙungiyar CSB. A cewar masu binciken, canjin farko - kara amygdala kunnawa - na iya yin nuni da sanyaya yanayin (mafi "waya" zuwa alamun tsaka-tsakin da ke hango hotunan batsa). Canji na biyu - rage haɗin haɗi tsakanin ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwanin gaba - na iya zama alama don rashin ƙarfi ikon sarrafa motsin rai.

Masu binciken sun ce, "Wadannan sauye-sauyen sun yi daidai da sauran karatuttukan da ke binciko hanyoyin da ke tattare da rikicewar shaye-shaye da raunin sarrafa hankali." Sakamakon binciken amygdalar mafi girma zuwa alamomi (sanarwa) da kuma rage haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyar ladabi da kullun farko (hypofrontality) su biyu ne daga cikin manyan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da aka gani a cikin jarabawar abu. Bugu da ƙari, 3 na masu amfani da fasahar 20 masu cin zarafi sun sha wahala daga "cututtuka masu kama-karya." Wani bayani:

Bugu da ƙari, lura ya kara aiki na amygdala da kuma rage haɗin gwiwar kwakwalwa na PFC guda daya ya ba da damar yin bayani akan ilimin ilimin halitta da kuma maganin CSB. Wadanda ke tare da CSB sun fi dacewa su kafa ƙungiyoyi tsakanin ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba da kuma matsalolin muhalli. Saboda haka, waɗannan batutuwa sun fi dacewa da haɗuwa da ra'ayoyinsu da ke nuna halin haɗuwa. Ko wannan yana kaiwa ga CSB ko sakamakon CSB dole ne bincike ta gaba zai amsa masa. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin tafiyar da bala'i, wanda aka nuna a cikin haɗin gwiwar ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba-gaba, zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da halin rashin matsala.

27) Ƙaddamarwa a cikin Kwayoyin Tsarin Harshen Drug da Harkokin Kwayoyin Bautar Drug (Banca et al., 2016) - [karfin haɓakawa / farfadowa mafi girma], Wannan binciken na cibiyar na Cambridge Jami'ar FMRI ya kwatanta sifofin tilastawa ga masu shan giya, masu cin binge-eaters, wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo da kuma addicts na bidiyo (CSB). Excerpts:

Ya bambanta da sauran cututtuka, CSB idan aka kwatanta da HV ya nuna samuwa da sauri don samun sakamako na sakamakon tare da haɗakarwa mafi girma cikin yanayin sakamako ba tare da la'akari da sakamako ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin CSB ba su nuna wani ɓatacce na musamman ba a cikin saɓo ko juyawa da ilmantarwa. Wadannan binciken sun haɗa tare da binciken da muka samu na baya-bayan nan na ingantaccen zaɓi don matsalolin da suka shafi yanayin jima'i ko sakamakon kuɗi, duk da haka yana ba da shawarar bunkasa hankali ga sakamako (Banca et al., 2016). Ana nuna ƙarin nazarin yin amfani da lada mai kyau.

28) Binciken Gudanar da Hotuna da Shirye-shiryen Bincike Tattaunawa Game da Tsarin Hoto na Cybersex Addini a cikin Samfurin Masu amfani da Cybersex na yau da kullum (Snagkowski et al., 2016) - [karfin haɓakawa / farfadowa mafi girma], wannan shahararren nazarin sharuɗɗan sharuɗɗa ne zuwa siffofi masu tsaka-tsaki, wanda yayi annabci bayyanar hoton batsa. Excerpts:

Babu wata yarjejeniya game da ka'idodin binciken da ake amfani da su na yanar gizo na cybersex. Wasu hanyoyi sun hada da kamantattun abubuwan da suka dace, don abin da haɗin kai ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci. A cikin wannan binciken, 86 mazaje maza da maza sun kammala wani misali na Pavlovian zuwa Taswirar Canjin Abincin wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan hotuna don bincika ilimin haɗin gwiwar yin amfani da ilimin cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, ƙin sha'awar zuciya saboda kallon hotunan hotuna da halayen haɗarin cybersex an tantance su. Sakamakon ya nuna wani tasiri na sha'awar sha'awa game da halin da ake ciki game da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo, ta hanyar jagoranci ta hanyar koyo.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan binciken suna nuna mahimmancin aikin ilmantarwa na haɓaka don haɓakar jarabawar yanar gizo, yayin samar da ƙarin tabbaci mai ƙarfi don kamance tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da maye. A takaice, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana nuna cewa ilmantarwa na iya haɗa muhimmiyar rawa dangane da haɓakar cutar siga ta yanar gizo. Abubuwan da muka samo sun ba da ƙarin tabbaci don kamance tsakanin jarabar intanet da abubuwan dogaro da abubuwa tun lokacin da aka nuna tasirin sha'awar batun tunani da koyan haɗin kai.

29) Hanyoyin canzawa bayan kallon hotunan batsa akan Intanet suna da alaƙa da alamun hotuna na Intanit-yanayin kulawa (Laier & Brand, 2016) - [mafi girma gajerun hankalin / farfadowa, ƙananan ƙaunar] - Excerpts:

Babban sakamakon binciken shine cewa abubuwanda ake nufi da Cutar Tattaunawar Intanit (IPD) suna haɗuwa da mummunan jin daɗi, farkawa, da natsuwa gami da dacewa da hangen nesa a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma motsawar amfani da batsa ta Intanet dangane da neman sha'awa. da nisantar motsin rai. Bugu da ƙari, halayen zuwa IPD suna da alaƙa da mummunan yanayi kafin da bayan kallon hotunan batsa na Intanet da haɓaka ainihin kyakkyawan yanayi da nutsuwa.

Dangantaka tsakanin halayen IPD da neman tashin hankali saboda amfani da batsa na Intanit an daidaita shi ta hanyar kimanta gamsuwa da ƙwarewar inzali. Gabaɗaya, sakamakon binciken ya kasance daidai da tunanin cewa IPD tana da alaƙa da motsawar neman gamsuwa ta jima'i da gujewa ko jimre wa motsin zuciyarmu gami da tunanin cewa canjin yanayi bayan cin batsa yana da nasaba da IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 da kuma Laier da Brand, 2014).

30) Matsalar rikice-rikice a cikin matasa: Ƙungiyoyi a cikin ɗakunan ƙwayoyin cuta, halayyar jiki, da kuma ƙananan nau'in halitta (2016) - [maras nauyi na aiki] - Mutanen da ke da matsala masu halayen jima'i (PSB) sun nuna wasu ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwararru. Wadannan binciken sun nuna rashin talauci aikin gudanarwa (hypofrontality) wanda shine babban nau'in kwakwalwar kwakwalwa wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayar magunguna. Bayanan kaɗan:

Wani muhimmin sakamako daga wannan bincike shi ne cewa PSB ta nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tare da wasu dalilai na asibiti mai mahimmanci, ciki har da darajar girman kansu, rage yawan rayuwar rayuwa, BMI hawanta, da kuma mafi girma yawan tarurruka don yawancin cuta ...

... yana iya yiwuwar cewa siffofin da aka gano a cikin ƙungiyar PSB sun kasance sakamakon sakamako mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da PSB da sauran siffofi na asibiti. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan da za a iya cika wannan tasirin zai iya zama ƙananan ƙarancin da aka gano a cikin kungiyar PSB, musamman ma wadanda suka danganci ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, motsa jiki / motsa jiki, da kuma yanke shawara. Daga wannan halayyar, yana yiwuwa a gano matsalolin da ke faruwa a PSB da kuma ƙarin fasali na asibiti, irin su dysregulation na tunanin, zuwa gaggarun ƙaura ...

Idan matsalolin da aka gano a cikin wannan bincike su ne ainihin siffar PSB, wannan yana iya samun muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin asibiti.

31) Methylation na HPA Axis Related Genes in Men With Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2017) - [dysfunctional danniya amsa, epigenetic canje-canje] - Wannan wani bi-up of #16 a sama wanda ya gano cewa addicts na jima'i suna da sifofi na dysfunctional stress - wani maɓalli na neuro-endocrin da ya haifar da buri. Binciken na yanzu yana samo maganin cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta a kan kwayoyin jinsin tsakiya don magance matsalar dan Adam da kuma dangantaka da jima'i. Tare da canje-canjen epigenetic, jerin DNA ba a canza ba (kamar yadda ya faru tare da maye gurbin). Maimakon haka, ana nuna jigon ta kuma ana juyawa furcinta ko ƙasa (gajeren bidiyo yana bayyana epigenetics). Hanyoyin asalin halittar da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken sun haifar da aiki na CRF. CRF ne neurotransmitter da hormone da wannan hali na tayar da hankali irin su cravings, kuma yana da babban dan wasan a cikin yawa daga cikin janyewar bayyanar cututtuka da aka sani dangane da abu da kuma haɓaka hali, ciki har da batsa batsa.

32) Binciken Harkokin Saduwa tsakanin Haɗakar Jima'i da Hanyar Jima'i ga Tattaunawa da Jima'i cikin Kungiyar 'Albery et al., 2017) - [karfin haɓakawa / farfadowa mafi girma] - Wannan binciken ya sake fasalin binciken da wannan nazarin Jami'ar 2014 Cambridge, wanda ya kwatanta da ƙyamar kulawa da jarabar batsa ga kulawar lafiya. Ga abin da ke sabo: Binciken ya haɗu da “shekarun yin jima’i” tare da 1) yawan jarabar lalata da kuma 2) sakamakon aikin nuna son kai.

Daga cikin wadanda suka yi fice a jarabar jima'i, karancin shekarun ilimin jima'i sun kasance suna da alaƙa da yawaitar son zuciya (bayani game da tsinkaya). Saboda haka yawancin jima'i na jima'i da yawa * miki shekaru na jima'i = ƙididdiga mafi girma na jaraba (mafi girman tsinkaya, ko tsangwama). Amma kulawa da hankali yana raguwa a cikin masu amfani, kuma ya ɓace a mafi yawan shekaru na jima'i. Mawallafa sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan sakamakon zai iya nuna cewa 'yan shekaru masu yawa na "jima'i" ya haifar da haɓaka da yawa ko kuma ƙididdigewa na jin dadi. Wani bayani daga ƙarshe:

Ayan bayani mai yiwuwa don waɗannan sakamako shine cewa yayin da mutum ke yin jima'i na tilastawa mutum cikin halin tilastawa, yanayin da ake ciki yana yin haɓaka [36-38] kuma a tsawon lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin halin haɓaka don matakin daidai na motsa jiki. An kara jayayya cewa yayin da mutum ya shiga cikin halin tilastawa, neuropathways ya zama mai yanke kauna zuwa ga abubuwan da aka saba dasu na 'jima'i' ko hotuna da kuma daidaikun mutane sun canza zuwa 'matsanancin' motsa rai don cimma burin da ake so. Wannan yayi daidai da aikin da ke nuna cewa 'lafiyayyen' maza sun zama mazaunin mazaunin bayyananniyar lokaci kuma wannan halayen yana nunawa ta hanyar ragewa da ciwuka masu ɗaci [39].

Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarin tilastawa, mahalarta masu aiki da jima'i sun zama 'kima' ko kuma ba su kula da 'kalmomin da aka saba da su na jima'i da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken yanzu kuma kamar wannan nuni ya rage nuna bambanci, yayin da waɗanda ke da haɓakawa da ƙarancin ƙwarewa har yanzu sun nuna tsangwama. saboda abin da yake motsawa shine ya kara samar da hankali.

33) Ayyukan Gudanar da Ayyuka na Jima'i da Yara da Mutum Mai Yau da Mutum Kafin Yayinda Kalli Bidiyon Erotic (Messina et al., 2017) - [rashin aikin haɓaka na rashin talauci, ƙwarewa / jin dadi] - Exposure to batsa ya shafi aikin gudanarwa a cikin maza da "halayen halayen jima'i," amma ba masu sarrafa lafiya ba. Magance aikin gudanarwa mara kyau lokacin da aka fallasa su ga abin da ake jita-jita game da jita-jita shi ne alamar magungunan abu (yana nuna duka biyu canje-canje na farko da kuma sanarwa). Excerpts:

Wannan bincike yana nuna mafi alhẽri a hankali bayan haɓakar jima'i ta hanyar sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da masu halartar masu jima'i. Wadannan bayanan sun goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa maza masu tilasta wa jima'i kada suyi amfani da yiwuwar ilmantarwa daga kwarewa, wanda zai iya haifar da gyaran halayya mafi kyau. Hakanan za'a iya fahimtar wannan a matsayin rashin ilimin ilmantarwa ta hanyar rukuni mai jima'i lokacin da suke jima'i da jima'i, kama da abin da ke faruwa a sake zagayowar jima'i da jima'i, wanda ya fara tare da yawancin jima'i na jima'i, sannan ya fara yin jima'i rubuce-rubuce da kuma togas, sau da yawa shafukan daukan hotuna zuwa yanayi mai hatsari.

34) Shin batsa zai iya zama abin ƙyama? Nazarin FMRI na Maza suna neman Jiyya don Matsalolin Rashin Jarida Amfani (Gola et al., 2017) - [karfin haɓakawa / farfadowa mafi girma], Ayyukan fMRI da ke tattare da wani tsari mai mahimmanci wanda ya kasance da tsaka-tsakin da aka kwatanta da hotunan hotuna. Excerpts:

Maza tare da ba tare da amfani da batsa maras kyau ba (PPU) sun bambanta a cikin kwakwalwa ta halayen su san yadda ake tsammani hotunan hotuna, amma ba a cikin halayen su ba da hotuna da kansu, daidai da koyarwar tauhidi mai ban sha'awa na jaraba. Wannan haɓakawar kwakwalwa ta kasance tare da haɓaka halayyar hali don duba hotuna masu ban sha'awa (mafi girma "so"). Rawanin daji na kwaskwarima don labarun da ake tsammani hotunan hoton yana da alaka da ƙananan PPU, adadin batsa na amfani da mako daya da kuma yawan yawan al'amuran mako-mako. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa kamar amfani da amfani da caca da ke tattare da haɗin ƙananan hanyoyi da halayen halayen da ke hade da yin aiki na bayanai yana da mahimmanci ga siffofin PPU. Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa PPU na iya wakiltar haɓaka halin halayen da kuma abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da haɓaka da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su don amfani da su don amfani da su don taimaka wa maza da PPU.

35) Sanyoyi da Hukuncin Sha'anin Ra'ayin Motsi: Shin suna tsoron rai da amfani da batsa? (Kunaharan et al., 2017) - [habituation or desensitization] - Nazarin tantance martanin masu amfani da batsa (karatun EEG & Amsar Farawa) zuwa hotuna daban-daban masu jawo hankali - gami da erotica. Binciken ya samo bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin ƙananan masu amfani da batsa da masu amfani da batsa mai yawa. Rubutawa:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙara yin amfani da batsa ya nuna cewa yana da tasiri a kan halin da ake ciki na kwakwalwa ba tare da nuna damuwa ba ga abubuwan da ya faru da halayyar kwakwalwa wanda ba a nuna ta ba.

4.1. Rahoton Bayani: Abin sha'awa, ƙwanan batutuwan da ake amfani da su suna amfani da hotuna masu banƙyama kamar yadda suke da kyau fiye da yadda ake amfani dasu. Mawallafa sun ce wannan yana iya kasancewa saboda yanayin "laushi" na "hotuna" wadanda ke cikin database na IAPS ba su samar da matakin da za su iya nema ba, kamar yadda Harper da Hodgins suka nuna su [58] cewa tare da akai-akai kallon kayan batsa, mutane da yawa sau da yawa sukan haɗu cikin kallon mafi zafin abu don kula da wannan matakin na ilimin halin dan Adam.

Pleasantungiyoyin 'kwantar da hankali' sun ga matakan nuna kyamar girmamawa ta duk ƙungiyoyi ukun don su yi daidai da babban amfani da rukunin rukuni na hotunan kamar yadda ba su da daɗi a kan matsakaici fiye da sauran kungiyoyin. Wannan na iya sake kasancewa saboda “kyawawan” hotunan da aka gabatar ba mai karfafa gwiwa ba ga waɗanda suke cikin rukunin manyan amfani. Nazarin sun ci gaba da nuna raguwar ilmin halayyar mutum a cikin aiki da kayan jin kai sakamakon tasirin halin mutum a cikin mutane waɗanda ke yawan neman kayan batsa [3, 7, 8]. Wannan hujjar mawallafa ce cewa wannan sakamako zai iya lissafta sakamakon da aka lura.

4.3. Fassara Rashin Gyara Hoto (SRM): Matsayin da ya fi girma a cikin ƙananan batutuwa da ake amfani da batsa ta hanyar yin amfani da rukuni na iya bayyanawa daga cikin kungiyoyi da gangan yin guje wa yin amfani da batsa, kamar yadda zasu iya ganin shi ya zama mafi muni. A madadin haka, sakamakon da aka samu yana iya kasancewa sakamakon tasiri, inda mutane a cikin waɗannan kungiyoyi suke kallon karin batsa fiye da yadda suka bayyana a fili-yiwu saboda dalilan kunya a tsakanin wasu, yayin da aka nuna alamun haɓakawa don ƙara ƙirar ido a hankali.41, 42].

36) Bayyanawa ga Harkokin Jima'i yana haifar da ƙananan basirar da ake kaiwa zuwa Ƙara Haɗari a Cyber ​​Delinquency Daga cikin maza (Cheng & Chiou, 2017) - [rashin aiki na rashin talauci, mafi girma impulsivity - gwajin gwaji] - A cikin binciken biyu da ake nunawa ga abubuwan jima'i na jima'i sun haifar da: 1) mafi girman jinkirta rangwame (rashin yiwuwar jinkirta jinkirta), 2) mafi girma da sha'awar yin amfani da cyber-delinquency, 3) sha'awar sayen kaya na yaudara da kuma hack wani asusun Facebook na wani. Haɗuwa da wannan yana nuna cewa yin amfani da batsa yana ƙaruwa da rashin ƙarfi kuma zai iya rage wasu ayyuka na gudanarwa (kulawa da kai, hukunci, tsinkayewa da tsinkayewa, kulawar motsi). Musamman:

Mutane sukan fuskanci matsalolin jima'i yayin amfani da Intanet. Bincike ya nuna cewa ciwon da zai haifar da halayyar jima'i zai iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi ga mutane, kamar yadda aka nuna a mafi yawan lokuta (watau, yanayin da ya fi dacewa da karami, samun ci gaba ga mafi girma, nan gaba).

A ƙarshe, sakamakon yanzu yana nuna ƙungiya tsakanin jima'i (misali, ɗaukan hotuna ga hotuna na mata masu jima'i ko zubar da halayyar jima'i) da kuma halayyar maza a cikin cin zarafin cyber. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa rashin hankali da karfin jiki na namiji, kamar yadda aka nuna ta wurin tsaftacewar lokaci, yana da sauƙi ga rashin nasara a fuskar matsalolin jima'i. Mutane na iya amfani da su daga saka idanu ko bayyanar da matsalolin jima'i yana hade da zaɓuɓɓuka da halayen da suka dace. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa magance matsalolin jima'i zai iya janyo hankalin mutane a hanyar hanyar yin amfani da cyber delinquency

Sakamakon yanzu yana nuna cewa samuwa mai yawa na jima'i a cikin tashoshin yanar gizon yanar gizo na iya kasancewa da haɗari da halayen cyber-behaviors na maza kamar yadda aka yi tunanin.

37) Ma'anar bayani game da (Matsala) Amfani da Intanit Intanit abu: Matsayi na Harkokin Jima'i Motsa jiki da Tsarin Zuciya Tsammani Tsakanin Matsalar Abubuwan Hulɗa (Stark et al., 2017) - [mafi girma mai juyowa / farfadowa / cravings] - Excerpts:

Binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya binciko ko zane-zane na jima'i da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da jima'i sune masu hangen nesa na magance matsalar SEM da kuma lokutan yau da kullum suna kallon SEM. A cikin gwajin halayyar, mun yi amfani da Taskoki-Avoidance Task (AAT) don auna ƙaddamar da hankali game da jima'i. Kyakkyawan daidaituwa tsakanin daidaitattun tsarin kulawa da SEM da lokacin da ake amfani dasu akan kallon SEM zai iya bayyanawa ta hanyar illa mai ban sha'awa: Tsarin dabi'a mai kyau wanda za'a iya fassara shi a matsayin kula da hankali ga SEM. Wani batun tare da wannan tsinkaya na hankali zai iya janyo hankali ga labarun jima'i akan yanar-gizon da ke haifar da yawan lokaci da aka kashe akan shafukan SEM.

38) Binciken Hotuna na Abun Tambaya dangane da Hanyoyin Tattaunawa na Neurophysiological (Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Musamman:

A cikin wannan takarda, wata hanyar yin amfani da siginar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga yankin da aka yi amfani da ita ta amfani da EEG an ba da shawara don gano ko mai halarta zai iya yin jaraba na batsa ko in ba haka ba. Yana aiki ne a matsayin matakan dacewa da tambayoyin tambayoyin mutum. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa mahalarta masu haɗari suna da ƙananan aiki na ragowar alpha a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta ba'a. Ana iya kiyaye ta ta amfani da hasken wutar da aka ƙidaya ta amfani da Ƙaddamarwar Yanayin Electromagnetic Tsarin (LORETA). Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta nuna cewa akwai rashin bambanci a tsakanin wadanda suka kamu da kamu da marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, bambancin ba kamar yadda yake a matsayin harufan haruffa ba.

39) Matsarar gishiri ya ragu kuma ya sauya haɗin gwiwar jiki a cikin manyan gyrus a tsakanin mutane tare da matsala ta zamantakewa ta maza (Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [matsalar launin toka a cikin kwayar halittar jiki, rashin haɗin aiki tsakanin talata da preuneus & caudate] - Nazarin fMRI wanda yake kwatanta kwatankwacin jima'i na maza ("matsalar halin halayyar maza da mata") ga batutuwan sarrafa lafiya. Idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa masu lalata da jima'i suna da: 1) rage launin toka a cikin lobes na lokaci (yankuna masu alaƙa da hana sha'awar jima'i); 2) rage preuneus zuwa lokaci aiki hadewa aiki (na iya nuna rashin daidaito cikin ikon matsawa hankali); 3) rage caudate zuwa haɗin haɗi na aiki na lokaci (na iya hana ikon sarrafa sama zuwa ƙasa). Rubutawa:

Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa lalata tsarin aiki a cikin gyrus na jiki da gyaran haɗin aiki a tsakanin gyrus na musamman da wasu yankunan (watau prentaus da caudate) zasu iya taimakawa wajen damuwa a cikin rashin hana tayar da hankalin jima'i a cikin mutane da PHB. Sabili da haka, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa canje-canje a tsarin da haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin gida zai iya kasancewa siffofin PHB kuma yana iya kasancewa 'yan takara masu cin gashin kansu don ganewa na PHB.

An yi amfani da kwayoyin grey a cikin takaddun ƙwayar cuta da kuma haɗuwa da haɗin gwanin hagu tare da hagu na STG. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa karuwar ƙwayar launin toka da haɗin aiki a cikin cerebellum an hade da halayyar tilas a cikin mutane da PHB.

A takaitaccen bayani, Binciken VBM na yanzu da kuma aikin binciken haɗin aiki ya nuna ƙarancin matsala da kuma canza haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin mutane da PHB. Mafi mahimmanci, tsarin haɓaka da haɗin aikin aiki an haɗa shi da mummunar ƙwayar PHB. Wadannan binciken sun samar da sababbin abubuwan da suka dace a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani dashi na PHB.

40) Tendances ga rashin amfani da labarun Intanit: Differences a maza da mata game da sha'awar kai tsaye ga hadarin bidiyo (Pekal et al., 2018) - [reactivity / sensitization mafi girma, haɓakar sha'awa]. Rubutawa:

 Yawancin marubuta sunyi la'akari da rikicewar amfani da batsa na Intanit (IPD) azaman rikicewar jaraba. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi nazari sosai game da rikice-rikice da rashin amfani da kayan abu shine haɓaka ƙyamar kulawa game da alamun da suka shafi jaraba. An bayyana nuna banbanci a matsayin tsari na hankali na fahimtar mutum wanda ya shafi alaƙar da ke tattare da jita-jita wanda ya haifar da jin daɗin haɓaka na abin da kansa. An ɗauka a cikin samfurin I-PACE cewa a cikin mutane masu saurin haɓaka alamun IPD abubuwan da ke tattare da fahimta da haɓaka-amsawa da sha'awar tasowa da haɓaka cikin tsarin jaraba. Don bincika rawar son zuciya a cikin ci gaban IPD, mun bincika samfurin 174 maza da mata mahalarta. An auna banbancin hankali tare da Tasirin Binciken Bincike, wanda mahalarta zasu amsa kan kibiyoyin da ke bayyana bayan hotunan batsa ko tsaka tsaki.

Kari akan haka, mahalarta taron sun nuna alamun sha'awar jima'i ta hanyar hotunan batsa. Bugu da ƙari, an auna sha'awar zuwa IPD ta amfani da Testan Jarrabawar Jaririn Internetarancin Internetsex. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna dangantaka tsakanin banbancin hankali da tsananin tsananin IPD wanda ya shiga tsakani ya nuna wa masu nuna ra'ayi da kwadayi. Yayinda maza da mata gaba ɗaya suka bambanta a cikin lokutan amsawa saboda hotunan batsa, wani bincike na ƙuntatawa na sassauci ya nuna cewa nuna banbanci yana faruwa ba tare da jima'i ba a cikin yanayin abubuwan alamu na IPD. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan zaton ka'idodin tsarin I-PACE dangane da abubuwan kara kuzari da ke da nasaba da abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyi kuma sun yi daidai da karatun da ake yi game da sake dawo da aiki da kuma matsalar rashin amfani da abubuwa.

41) Ayyuka na Gabatarwa da Ayyukan Abincin A Matsayin Aiki Aiki A Taswirar Ɗaukaka A Mutum Tare da Abokan Hulɗa na Abokan Tuna (Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [rashin talaucin shugabanci- rashin ingancin aikin PFC]. Rubutawa:

Evidenceididdigar shaida tana nuna alaƙar dangantaka tsakanin halayyar rashin lafiyan ɗabi'a (PHB) da rage ikon gudanarwa. Karatuttukan asibiti sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB suna nuna matukar ƙarfin halin rayuwa; kodayake, ba a san komai ba game da hanyoyin dabarun lalacewa da ke gudana a cikin PHB. Wannan binciken yayi bincike game da mahimmancin ikon gudanarwa a cikin daidaikun mutane da PHB da kuma ingantattun kula ta amfani da abin da ya danganci ɗaukar yanayin aiki na maganadisu (fMRI).

Mutane ashirin da uku waɗanda ke cikin PHB da masu halartar kula da lafiya 22 sun sami fMRI yayin aiwatar da aikin Stroop. An auna lokacin amsawa da ƙudurin kuskure azaman misalign alamun ikon sarrafawa. Mutane daya-daya tare da PHB sun nuna rashin ingancin aiki da ƙananan kunnawa a madaidaiciya dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) da ƙasa mai ƙarfi parietal cortex mai dangantaka da sarrafawar lafiya yayin aikin Stroop. Bugu da kari, amsoshin matakin-oxygen na jini a wadannan yankuna sunyi alakar cutar da PHB. DLPFC madaidaiciya da bazuwar gamaetal bazu suna da alaƙa da iko na hankali mai ƙarfi da hankali na gani, bi da bi. Abubuwan da muka samo sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB sun rage ikon gudanarwa da aiki mara kyau a cikin DLPFC madaidaiciya da ƙananan ƙira na parietal, suna ba da tushen asali don PHB.

42) Hanyoyin al'adu da rashin kwarkwarima a maza tare da halin da ake amfani da shi wajen yin amfani da batsa na Intanit-amfani da shi (Antons & Alamar, 2018) - [haɓakaccen sha'awar, mafi girman yanayin & halayen impulsivity]. Rubutawa:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa haɗin kai yana haɗuwa tare da mafi girma alama ta rashin lafiya na Intanet (IPD). Musamman mazanin maza da matsanancin hali ba tare da kwantar da hankulan su ba a cikin yanayin batsa na tashar tashar tashoshi da kuma wadanda ke da halayen haɗari masu zurfin gaske sun nuna alamun bayyanar cutar IPD.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa halayyar kamfanoni da jihar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa IPD. Dangane da tsari biyu na tsari addiction, sakamakon zai iya nuna alamar rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki da tunani wanda zai iya haifar da kayan batsa. Wannan na iya haifar da hasara na karfin amfani da batsa na Intanit ko da yake yana da mummunan sakamako.

43) Facets of impulsivity da kuma wasu al'amurran da suka bambanta tsakanin wasanni da kuma ba bisa doka ba yin amfani da batsa na Intanit (Stephanie et al., 2019) - [ƙwarewar da aka yi, mafi kyawun rangwame (hypofrontality), haɓakawa]. Excerpts:

Saboda mahimmancin ladabi, labarun Intanit (IP) wata manufa ne da aka riga aka tsara don al'ada. An gano ginshiƙan da suka shafi impulsivity a matsayin masu tallafawa halin haɗari. A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika dabi'u mai tsaurin ra'ayi (burge-zane, jinkirta gajartawa, da halayyar kwakwalwa), sha'awar IP, hali game da IP, da kuma jituwa a cikin mutane tare da wasanni na lokaci-lokaci, wasanni na nishaɗi, da kuma amfani da IP ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ƙungiyoyi na mutane tare da yin amfani da wasanni na lokaci-lokaci (n = 333), amfani-da-shaƙatawa (n = 394), da kuma amfani mara izini (n = 225) na IP an gano ta kayan aikin bincike.

Mutanen da ke da amfani ba tare da izini ba sun nuna mafi girman maki don sha'awar sha'awa, rashin hankali, jinkirta ragi, da ƙwarewar aiki, da mafi ƙarancin sakamako don jimrewar aiki da buƙata don sani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa wasu fuskokin impulsivity da abubuwan da suka danganci su kamar sha'awa da kuma mummunan ra'ayi sun kasance takamaiman ga masu amfani da IP marasa tsari. Sakamakon kuma yayi daidai da samfura akan takamaiman amfani da Intanet da halayen jaraba….

Bugu da ƙari, ɗaiɗaikun da ke amfani da IP marasa daidaituwa suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da IP idan aka kwatanta da masu amfani da nishaɗin-akai-akai. Wannan sakamakon na iya ba da shawarar cewa mutane da ke amfani da IP marasa daidaituwa suna da babban dalili ko roƙon yin amfani da IP, kodayake suna iya haɓaka halayyar rashin amfani ga IP, watakila saboda sun riga sun dandana mummunan sakamako da ke da alaƙa da tsarin IP ɗin su. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idodin jan hankali game da jaraba (Berridge & Robinson, 2016), wanda ke kawo shawara daga matsalolin da ake so a lokacin buri.

Wani ƙarin sakamako mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa girman girman gwajin gwagwarmaya a cikin minti na kowane zaman, lokacin da aka kwatanta masu amfani da ba tare da izini ba tare da masu amfani da wasanni ba, ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da mita a cikin mako. Wannan yana iya nuna cewa mutane masu amfani da IP marasa amfani ba su da mahimmanci don dakatar da kallon IP a yayin zaman ko ake buƙatar tsawon lokaci don cimma burin da ake so, wanda zai iya zama daidai da nau'i na haƙuri a maganin rashin amfani. Wannan ya dace da sakamakon daga binciken kisa, wanda ya nuna cewa binges na batsa sune daya daga cikin halayyar halayyar da ke tattare da maza masu neman maganin tare da halayen halayen jima'i (Wordecha et al., 2018).

44) Amincewa da nuna bambanci ga ɗaliban batsa maza da ke amfani da batsa (Skyler et al., 2019) - [ingantaccen tsarin bias (wayar da kan jama'a)]. Rubutawa:

Sakamakon yana tallafawa ra'ayin cewa ɗaliban kwaleji maza da mata waɗanda ke amfani da batsa suna saurin kusantar su fiye da guje wa matsalolin lalata yayin aikin AAT These .. Waɗannan binciken suma suna cikin layi tare da ayyukan SRC da yawa waɗanda ke ba da shawarar cewa masu yin lalata suna nuna halin son kusanci fiye da guje wa matsalolin jaraba (Bradley et al., 2004; Filin et al., 2006, 2008).

Gabaɗaya, binciken da aka bayar ya nuna cewa kusanci don matsalolin jaraba na iya zama saurin sauri ko shirye-shirye fiye da gujewa, wanda za a iya bayanin sa ta hanyar yin hulɗa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da halayyar halayyar halayyar addic .. Bugu da ƙari, jimillar jimla a kan BPS an daidaita ta da kusanci nuna bambanci, yana nuna cewa mafi tsananin tsananin amfani da batsa, ya fi ƙarfin matakin kusanci don matsalolin tashin hankali. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da tallafawa ta hanyar sakamakon da ke ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke da matsala masu amfani da batsa, kamar yadda PPUS ya tsara, ya nuna fiye da ƙimar 200% mafi kusantar nuna son kai don matsalolin ɓarna idan aka kwatanta da mutane ba tare da amfani da batsa ba.

A haɗuwa, sakamakon yana nuna daidaito tsakanin abu da halayyar dabi'a (Grant et al., 2010). Ana amfani da batsa ta hoto (mahimmancin matsala) tare da hanyoyi masu sauri don maganganu masu rikitarwa fiye da matsaloli masu tsaka-tsakin, wani abu mai kama da abin da aka lura a cikin rikici na barasa (Filin et al., 2008; Wiers et al., 2011), amfani da cannabis (Cousijn et al., 2011; Filin et al., 2006), da kuma maganin taba amfani da taba (Bradley et al., 2004). Abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen halayen ƙira da kuma tsarin kwayoyin halitta da ke tattare da duk abin da ya shafi abubuwa da maganin batsa suna iya yiwuwa, wanda ya dace da nazarin baya (Kowalewska et al., 2018; Stark et al., 2018).

45) Rushewar hypermethylation-lalacewar microRNA-4456 a cikin rikicewar hyperexual tare da tasirin putative akan siginar oxygentocin: Nazarin DNA na ƙwayar methylation na kwayoyin halittar miRNA (Bostrom et al., 2019) - [wataƙila tsarin danniya mara aiki]. Nazarin kan batutuwa masu alaƙa da jima'i (batsa / jarabar jima'i) ya ba da rahoton canje-canje na asalin halittar wanda ke shafar waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin mashayan giya. Canje-canjen jinsin halittu sun faru ne a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke hade da tsarin oxytocin (wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin kauna, cudanya, jaraba, damuwa, aikin jima'i, da sauransu). Rubutawa:

A cikin bincike na haɗin methylation na DNA a cikin tsinkaye na jini, muna gano takamaiman CpG-shafukan da ke da alaƙa da MIR708 da MIR4456 waɗanda ke da bambanci sosai a cikin marasa lafiya na hyperexuality cuta (HD). Bugu da ƙari, muna nuna cewa hsamiR-4456 hade da methylation locus cg01299774 an bambanta methylated a cikin dogara da barasa, yana ba da shawara cewa ana iya haɗa shi da farko tare da kayan maye wanda aka lura a HD.

Kasancewar hanyar siginar oxygentocin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan binciken yana nuna alama yana da tasiri sosai a cikin yawancin halayen dake nuna HD kamar yadda Kafka et al suka gabatar. [1], kamar sha'awar jima'i, lalata, sha'awar sha'awa da (jima'i).

A ƙarshe, MIR4456 yana da ƙananan ƙananan magana a cikin HD. Bincikenmu yana ba da tabbaci cewa methylation na DNA a cikin cg01299774 wuri yana da alaƙa da bayyana MIR4456. Wannan miRNA putatively yana nufin kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda aka bayyana shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa kuma ya shiga cikin manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin da ake tunanin su dace da pathogenesis na HD. Abubuwan da muka samo daga bincike na canzawa a cikin epigenome suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin nazarin halittu a baya na pathophysiology na HD tare da girmamawa ta musamman akanMIR4456 da kuma rawar da ya taka a cikin ƙididdigar oxytocin.

46) Bambance-bambance a cikin girman launin toka a cikin ikon shawo kansa da rikice-rikicen jaraba (Drap et al., 2020) - [hypofrontaility: rage prefrontal cortex & gaban cingulate cortex launin toka abu]. Rubutawa:

Anan mun bambanta ƙididdigar al'amura masu launin toka (GMVs) a gungun mutane daban-daban masu rikicewar halayen jima'i (CSBD), matsalar caca (GD), da rashin lafiyar giya (AUD) tare da waɗanda basu da waɗannan rikice-rikice (masu kula da lafiya; HCs).

Mutane da aka shafa (CSBD, GD, AUD) idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta HC sun nuna ƙaramin GMVs a gungume gaban hagu, musamman a cikin orbitofrontal cortex. An lura da bambance-bambancen da aka furta sosai a cikin rukunin GD da AUD, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Akwai mummunar hulɗa tsakanin GMVs da kuma rikicewar rikice-rikice a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Babban tsananin alamun bayyanar CSBD an daidaita shi da raguwar GMV a hannun dama na cingulate gyrus.

Wannan binciken shine farkon nuna ƙananan GMV a cikin rukunin asibiti na 3 na CSBD, GD da AUD. Abubuwan da muka samo sun nuna kamanni tsakanin takamaiman tsarin rikice rikice da jaraba.

Kwafin cingulate cortex (ACC) ya kasance mai tasiri a cikin sarrafa hankali, sarrafa rashi mara kyau [56], [57], aiki na tsinkayar kuskure, sakamako mai amfani [58], [59] da sake kunnawa [60], [34] . Tare da girmamawa ga CSBD, aikin ACC a cikin martani ga alamomin bayyananniyar jima'i an haɗa shi da sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza tare da CSBD [61]. Maza tare da CSBD suma sun nuna fifikon fifiko don sabon salo, wanda ke da alaƙa da mazaunin ACC [62]. Saboda haka, binciken da ake samu a halin yanzu yana gabatar da karatuttukan aiki na farko ta hanyar ba da shawara cewa ƙarar ACC ta danganta da mahimmanci ga alamun cutar CSBD a cikin maza.

47) Tsarin Oxytocin High Plasma a cikin Maza Tare da Rashin Tsarkakkiyar cuta (Jokin et al., 2020) [dysfunctional stress pressure] .- Daga rukunin bincike da suka buga karatuttukan 4 na neuro-endocrin da suka gabata game da maza “tsoffin maganganu” (jima'i / jarabar batsa). Saboda oxygentocin ya shiga cikin mawuyacin halinmu, an fassara matakan jini a matsayin mai nuna tsarin damuwa na damuwa a cikin masu jima'i. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da binciken da aka yi a baya na mai binciken da kuma nazarin da ke tattare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta wanda ke ba da amsa ga damuwa mai ƙarfi a cikin masu maye. Abin ban sha'awa shine, maganin (CBT) ya rage matakan oxygentocin a cikin marasa lafiyar hypersexual. Karin bayani:

Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin maza da mata (HD) haɗakar da abubuwan ilimin pathophysiological kamar ƙa'idodin sha'awar jima'i, jarabar jima'i, impulsivity da compulsivity an ba da shawarar azaman ganewar asali ga DSM-5. "Cutar Jima'i Mai Haɗar Jima'i" yanzu an gabatar da ita azaman cuta mai rikitarwa a cikin ICD-11. Karatuttukan kwanan nan sun nuna matsayin HPA mara kyau a cikin maza tare da HD. Oxytocin (OXT) yana shafar aikin axis HPA; babu wani binciken da ya tantance matakan OXT a cikin marasa lafiya tare da HD. Ko maganin CBT don alamun HD yana da tasiri akan matakan OXT ba a bincika shi ba.

Mun bincika matakan OXT na plasma a ciki 64 maza marasa lafiya tare da HD da yara maza 38 masu shekaru lafiya wadanda suka isa lafiya. Bugu da ari, munyi nazarin ka'idoji tsakanin matakan OXT na plasma OXT da alamun bayyanar alama ta HD ta amfani da ma'aunin ma'auni na auna halin mutum.

Marasa lafiya tare da HD suna da matakan gaske na OXT idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai na lafiya. An sami ingantacciyar ma'amala tsakanin matakan OXT da ƙimar ma'aunin auna yanayin halayyar. Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka kammala magani na CBT sun sami raguwar matakan OXT daga fara-magani. Sakamakon binciken ya ba da shawarar hyperactive oxygentonergic tsarin a cikin mazajen marasa lafiya tare da rikicewar haɓaka wanda zai iya zama tsarin ramuwa don inganta tsarin damuwa. Nasarar kungiyar likitanci na CBT na iya samun tasiri akan tsarin oxygentonergic mai hauhawar jini.

48) Gudanar da hana abubuwa da kuma matsala mai amfani da yanar gizo-batsa - Mahimmanci daidaita daidaitawar rashin iska (Anton & Alamar, 2020) - [haƙuri ko ɗabi'a] - Marubutan sun faɗi sakamakon su yana nuna haƙuri, alama ce ta tsarin jaraba. Rubutawa:

Ya kamata nazarinmu na yanzu ya zama hanya ta farko wacce ke karfafa bincike na gaba game da rakodi tsakanin hanyoyin tunani da dabarun son zuciya, amfani da matsalar IP, motsa jiki don canza halaye, da kuma hana kulawa.

Ya dace da karatun da suka gabata (misali, Antons & Brand, 2018; Alamar, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Laier et al., 2013), we sami babban dangantaka tsakanin sha'awar ra'ayin mutum da kuma tsananin tsananin matsalar IP da ke cikin yanayin biyun. Koyaya, karuwa ta buƙaci matsayin ma'aunin sake kunnawa ba'a da dangantaka da tsananin alamun amfanin matsala na IP, wannan na iya danganta da haƙuri (cf. Wéry & Billieux, 2017) Ganin cewa hotunan batsa da aka yi amfani da su a wannan binciken ba a keɓance su ba cikin sharuddan son abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Don haka, daidaitaccen kayan batsa da aka yi amfani da shi bazai zama mai ƙarfi sosai ba don shigar da sake kunnawa a cikin mutane tare da tsananin ciwo mai alaƙa da ke da alaƙa da ƙananan tasiri akan tasirin, nunawa, da tsarin ma'amala kamar yadda ya dace da ikon sarrafa inhibitory.

Sakamakon haƙuri da halayyar motsa jiki na iya bayyana mafi kyawun ikon sarrafawa a cikin mutane tare da tsananin ciwo wanda aka danganta shi da bambancin ayyukan ma'amala da tsarin tunani. Controlarancin iko akan IP yana amfani da sakamako mai yiwuwa daga hulɗa tsakanin mai amfani, mai tunani, da tsarin ma'amala.

An haɗu tare, insula a matsayin babban mahimmin tsarin wakiltar tsarin rikice-rikice yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin inhibitory iko lokacin da hotunan batsa suke. Bayanai sun ba da shawara cewa mutane da ke da alamu mafi girma na matsalar matsala ta IP yin amfani da kyau a cikin aikin saboda raguwar aikin insula yayin sarrafa hoto da haɓaka aiki yayin aiki sarrafa inhibitory. TTsarin aikinsa zai iya zama sakamakon tasirin haƙuri ne, watau ƙasa da rashin ƙarfi na tsarin motsawa yana haifar da ƙarancin sarrafa albarkatu na tsarin hulɗa da tunani.

Don haka, canzawa daga m zuwa halayen tilastawa a sakamakon haɓaka amfani da IP mai matsala ko yanayin motsawa (kiyayewa) yana iya dacewa, saboda dukkanin albarkatun sun mayar da hankali kan aikin kuma nesa daga hotunan batsa. Binciken yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar fahimta game da raguwar iko a kan amfani da IP wanda ana tsammanin ba kawai sakamakon daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin lambobin biyu bane amma na hulɗa tsakanin mai jan hankali, mai nuna ra'ayi, da tsarin ma'amala.

49) Testosterone na yau da kullun amma Mafi girman Luteinizing Matasan Plasma na Hormone a cikin Maza tare da Rashin Tsarin Maganin Ciwon Kai (2020) - [na iya nuna alamun amsawar danniya da rashin aiki] - Daga ƙungiyar bincike da ta buga nazarin neuro-endocrine na baya 5 a kan “maza da mata” (masu yin jima'i / batsa), tare da bayyana tsarin danniya da ya canza, babban alama ce ga jaraba (1, 2, 3, 4, 5.). Karin bayani:

A cikin wannan binciken, mun gano cewa marasa lafiyar maza tare da HD ba su da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin matakan testosterone plasma idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai na lafiya. Akasin haka, suna da matakan haɓakar plasma mai mahimmanci a cikin LH.

HD ya haɗa da ma'anarsa cewa halayyar zata iya zama sakamakon jihohi masu wahala da damuwa,¹ kuma a baya mun bayar da rahoton wani dysregulation tare da rashin ƙarfi na ƙwayar HPA¹³ kazalika da canje-canje masu alaƙar epigenetic a cikin maza tare da HD.

Akwai hadaddun mu'amala tsakanin HPA da HPG axis, duka ban sha'awa da kuma inhibitory tare da bambance-bambance dangane da ci gaban kwakwalwa.²⁷ Abubuwan da ke damuwa da damuwa ta hanyar tasirin HPA na iya haifar da hanawar LH da kuma sakamakon haifuwa.²⁷ Tsarin 2 suna da ma'amala tsakanin juna, kuma damuwa na farko na iya canza martanin neuroendocrine ta hanyar sauye-sauyen halittun.

Hanyoyin da aka gabatar zasu iya haɗawa da hulɗar HPA da HPG, cibiyar sadarwar lada, ko hana ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar shawo kan yankuna gaban cortex.³² A ƙarshe, muna bayar da rahoto a karo na farko da aka ƙaddamar da matakan plasma na LH a cikin mazajen idan ba a kwatanta da masu ba da agaji lafiya. Wadannan binciken na farko suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar wallafe-wallafe game da haɗin gwiwar tsarin tsarin neuroendocrine da dysregulation a cikin HD.

50) Amincewa da nuna bambanci don sha'awar sha'awa a tsakanin ɗaliban maza mata kwaleji waɗanda ke amfani da batsa (2020) [hankali da kuma lalatawa] - NNazarin ilimin halayyar Turai game da masu amfani da batsa ya ba da rahoton binciken da aka gani waɗanda aka gani a cikin karatun jaraba. Amincewa da kusanci ga batsa (abin lura da hankali) da kuma tashin hankali (rashin hankalin) suna da alaƙa da amfani da batsa. Nazarin ya kuma ruwaito: “mun kuma sami ingantacciyar ƙungiyar tarayya tsakanin maƙasudin son zuciya da ƙwallaye ƙwallaye akan SHAPS, wanda ke rikitar da anhedonia. Wannan yana nuna cewa mafi karfin kusanci don nuna son zuciya, da karancin yardar da mutumin ya bayar da rahoton fuskantar". A taqaice, alama ce ta neuropsychological na jarabar jaraba tare da rashin walwala (anhedonia). Karin bayani:

Zunubi na gaba, ko kuma yanayin aiki kai tsaye don motsawa wasu motsawa zuwa ga jiki maimakon nisanta daga gare shi, shine mahimmin tsari mai ma'ana wanda ke tattare da tsarin mahimmancin hankali wanda ke tattare da halayen jaraba. Nau'in sarrafa abubuwa biyu na jarabar jaraba waɗanda ke haifar da jaraba a halayyarsu sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ci, "m"
tafiyarwa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa na tsari. Maimaita alƙawarin halayen jaraba na iya haifar da abubuwan da mutum zai ɗauka kamar yadda mutane ke ɗauka maimakon guje wa jarabar jaraba. Wannan binciken ya tantance ko hanyar nuna bambanci ga sha'awar batsa ya kasance a tsakanin mata masu shekaru biyu na kwaleji wadanda ke ba da rahoton amfani da batsa.

Mahalarta sun nuna muhimmiyar hanyar nuna bambanci na 24.81 ms don motsawar sha'awa yayin da aka kwatanta da matsakaiciyar tsaka tsaki, da thanyarsa ta nuna bambanci sosai da dangantaka da batsa na Batsa Yi amfani da ma'auni. Wadannan binciken sun dace da kuma mika sakamakon binciken da suka gabata wanda ke ba da rahoton wata hanya ta nuna bambancin ra'ayi ga mazajen da ke amfani da batsa na yau da kullun (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Bugu da ƙari, Sakamakon rashin nuna bambanci ya kasance yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da anhedonia wanda ke nuna cewa mafi ƙarfin matakin kusanci don matsalolin motsa jiki, mafi yawan anhedonia da aka lura.... ..Wannan yana nuna cewa mafi karfin kusanci don nuna son zuciya, da karancin yardar da mutumin ya bayar da rahoton fuskantar.

51) Abubuwan jima'i suna canza aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aiki da kwakwalwa a cikin maza masu tilasta jima'i (2020) - [fadakarwa da rashin aikin gudanarwa] - Excerpts:

A kan matakin halayyar, marasa lafiya sun ɗan sassauta ta hanyar abubuwan batsa dangane da amfani da batsa a cikin makon da ya gabata, wanda hakan ya nuna ta hanyar kunnawa mafi girma a cikin gyrus na lingual. Bugu da kari, lusual lusual ya nuna babban aikin haɗi zuwa ga insula yayin sarrafa ƙwayoyin batsa a cikin ƙungiyar masu haƙuri. Sabanin haka, batutuwa masu koshin lafiya sun nuna saurin amsawa yayin da ake fuskantar hotunan batsa kawai tare da nauyi mai ƙarfi. Hakanan, marasa lafiya sun nuna mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don hotunan batsa a cikin aikin girmamawa mai ban mamaki idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, suna magana don mahimmancin kayan batsa a cikin ƙungiyar masu haƙuri. TBinciken hese yana da nasaba da ka'idodin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai haɓaka, musamman maɗaukakin aikin haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar salience tare da insula a matsayin babbar maɓalli da babban aiki na lingual yayin aiwatar da hotunan batsa dangane da yawan batsa na kwanan nan.

. Ana iya fassara wannan ta hanyar da kayan batsa ke da (wataƙila saboda tsarin ilmantarwa) babban mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya kuma don haka yana kunna jinƙai (insula) da cibiyar sadarwar kulawa (ƙarancin parietal), wanda hakan ke haifar da jinkirin jinkirin lokacin azaman mai fa'ida bayanai basu dace da aikin ba. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, mutum na iya yanke shawara cewa, ga batutuwa waɗanda ke nuna CSB, kayan batsa yana da tasirin mai jan hankali kuma don haka haɓaka mafi girma. Bayan haka, bayanan suna tallafawa IST na jaraba a cikin CSB.

52) Sakamakon sakamako na abubuwan jima'i na gani ana sanya su ne a cikin mahaɗa da ƙwayar ƙwayar jini na orbitofrontal (2020) - [hankali] - Bayani:

Babban batun da aka yiwa fim ɗin VSS akan hanzarin jima'i ko ta'addanci, babban aikin da muka samu a NAcc, caudate nucleus da OFC yayin kallon VSS. Ari, tyana haɗu tsakanin ma'aunin rashi na jima'i da NAcc da kuma ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa mafi ƙarfi yayin da batutuwa suka bayar da rahoton ƙarin alamun amfani da batsa na matsala (PPU) wanda aka auna ta s-IATsex

Wadannan bambance-bambance daban-daban na lambar zaɓi na iya wakiltar wata hanyar da ke ba da gudummawa ga VSS mai jaraba amfani da wasu mutane. Ba wai kawai mun sami wani ƙungiyar NAcc da aiki tare da caudate na aiki tare da ƙididdigar tashin hankali yayin kallon VSS ba amma ƙarfin wannan ƙungiyar ta fi girma yayin da batun ya ba da rahoton amfani da batsa na matsala masu matsala (PPU). Sakamakon yana goyan bayan ra'ayi, cewa ƙaddamar da martani mai mahimmanci a cikin NAcc da caudate bambanta mafi ƙarfi tsakanin abubuwan da aka fi so, yayin da ake samun abubuwan PPU.. Wannan ya shimfiɗa karatun da suka gabata, inda aka danganta PPU zuwa babbar amsawa ga tashin hankali zuwa VSS kamar yadda aka kwatanta da sarrafawa ko yanayin da ba a fifita ba [29,38]. Nazarin guda ɗaya, har ila yau ta amfani da aikin SID, ya sami karuwar ayyukan NAcc wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓaka PPU yayin lokacin jira kawai [41]. Sakamakon bincikenmu yana nuna cewa ana iya samun sakamako irin wannan, watau ana sauya tsarin bada ƙarfi wanda ke da alaƙa da PPU, yayin samarwa kawai, amma idan ana la'akari da fifikon mutum. Thearin nuna bambancin mahimmancin siginar mahimmanci a cikin NAcc na iya nuna ƙarawar buƙatar don nema da gano mafi kyawun VSS yayin ci gaba da jaraba.

Ganin waɗannan sakamakon ana iya yin kwafinsu, suna iya samun mahimmancin abubuwan asibiti. Diffeara yawan bambance-bambancen alamun siginar girmamawa na iya haɗawa zuwa haɓaka lokacin da aka ɓoye don neman kayan ƙarfafawa, wanda daga baya yakan haifar da batutuwa a cikin rayuwar mutum ko ƙwararru da wahala saboda wannan halayyar.

53) Neurosciences na Sadarwar Kiwan Lafiya: Nazarin fNIRS na Gabatarwar Gabatarwa da Amfani da Batsa a cikin Matasan Mata don Ci Gaban Shirye-shiryen Kiwon Lafiya na Rigakafin (2020) - Excerpts:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kallon shirin bidiyo (vs. control clip) yana haifar da kunna yankin Brodmann na 45 na dama. Hakanan sakamako yana bayyana tsakanin matakin amfani da rahoton kai tsaye da kunna dama BA 45: mafi girman matakin amfani da rahoton kai, mafi girman kunnawa. A wannan bangaren, wa) annan mahalarta da ba su taɓa cinye abubuwan batsa ba, ba su nuna aikin BA 45 na gaskiya ba idan aka kwatanta da shirin sarrafawa (yana nuna bambancin cancanta tsakanin waɗanda ba sa amfani da masu amfani da su). Wadannan sakamakon sunyi daidai da sauran binciken da aka yi a fagen jarabobi. An yi tsammani cewa za a iya amfani da tsarin jijiyoyin madubi, ta hanyar tsarin jin kai, wanda zai iya haifar da lalata batsa.

54) Abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru a cikin zaɓi na zaɓi biyu na ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ikon hana halayyar maza tsakanin maza da ɗabi'a game da jarabar cybersex (2020) - Excerpts:

Rashin ikon hana halayyar ɗabi'a (BIC) sananne ne don taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halin maye. Koyaya, bincike bai zama mai mahimmanci ba game da ko wannan ma batun jaraba ne na yanar gizo. Wannan binciken yana nufin bincika lokacin BIC a cikin mazaje maza da ke da sha'awar yin amfani da yanar gizo (TCA) ta amfani da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru (ERPs) da kuma samar da hujjojin neurophysiological na rashin BIC.

Mutanen da ke tare da TCA sun fi motsa jiki fiye da mahalarta HC kuma sun raba halaye na neuropsychological da halaye na ERP na rikicewar amfani da abu ko ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa jarabar cybersex na iya zama fahimta a matsayin jarabar ɗabi'a.

Ainihin, Sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa jarabar cybersex yana kama da rikicewar amfani da abu da rikicewar rikicewar motsi game da impulsivity a matakan ilimin lantarki da ɗabi'a. Abubuwan da muka gano na iya haifar da takaddama mai dorewa game da yiwuwar cin zarafin yanar gizo a matsayin sabon littafin cuta na tabin hankali.

55) Farin abu microstructural da Haɗar da halayen halayen Jima'i - Nazarin Tensor Hoto - Bnazarin ruwan sama wanda yayi kwatankwacin tsarin farin launi na batsa / jima'i (CSBD) zuwa sarrafawa. Babban bambanci tsakanin sarrafawa da batutuwa na CSB. Rubutawa:

Wannan ɗayan ɗayan binciken farko na DTI ne wanda ke tantance bambance-bambance tsakanin marasa lafiya tare da Bearfafa halayen halayen Jima'i da kuma kulawar lafiya. Bincikenmu ya gano ragin FA a yankuna shida na kwakwalwa a cikin batutuwan CSBD, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. An samo yankuna masu rarrabewa a cikin cerebellum (akwai yiwuwar akwai wasu sassan yanki ɗaya a cikin cerebellum), ɓangaren da ya keɓe daga cikin murfin ciki, babban corona radiata da na tsakiya ko na ƙarshen occipital gyrus farin abu.

Bayanan mu na DTI sun nuna cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin CSBD sun haɗu tare da yankuna da aka ruwaito a baya a cikin wallafe-wallafen kamar yadda suka shafi duka biyu, ga jaraba da OCD (duba yankin jan Siffa 3). Don haka, binciken da aka gabatar yanzu ya nuna muhimmiyar kamanceceniya a cikin ragin FA tsakanin CSBD da duka OCD da ƙari.

56) Jima'i mai ƙarfafa jinkirta jima'i a cikin sikanin: Halin jima'i da sarrafa lada, da haɗi zuwa matsalar batsa mai matsala da motsawar jima'i - Abubuwan da aka samo basu daidaita da ƙirar jaraba ba (sake nunawa).

58) Aberrant orbitofrontal cortex reactivity zuwa abubuwan batsa a cikin Tsananin Halayyar Jima'i (2021)- [faɗakarwa-mafi girman juzu'i a cikin ventral striatum da cortex orbitofrontal na baya a cikin masu lalata batsa idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawar lafiya] Excerpts:

Tsarin aikin da aka lura a cikin batutuwa na CSBD wanda ya ƙunshi manyan cibiyoyi na parietal, gyrus supramarginal, gyrus pre da postcentral gyrus, da basal ganglia na iya zama mai nuna ƙarfi (idan aka kwatanta da kulawar lafiya) mai da hankali, somatosensory, da shirye -shiryen motsa jiki don kusanci lada da kammalawa (so) a cikin CSBD wanda alamomin tsinkaya (Locke & Braver, 2008; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018). Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar Sensitization Incentive Sensitization (Robinson & Berridge, 2008) da data kasance akan cue-reactivity a cikin halayen jaraba (Gola & Draps, 2018; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Kraus et al., 2016b; Potenza et al., 2017; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Nauyi, & Strahler, 2018; Voon et al., 2014) ....

Mafi mahimmanci, tare da sakamakon binciken ROI, wannan aikin yana faɗaɗa sakamakon da aka buga a baya (Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017) ta hanyar nuna hakan da amsar da aka ɗora na kewayon lada ga alamun lada mai ban sha'awa a cikin CSBD yana faruwa ba kawai a cikin ventral striatum a cikin lokacin tsammanin sakamako ba har ma a cikin cortex na baya orbitofrontal (aOFC). Bugu da ƙari, aikin a wannan yankin shima yana da alaƙa da yuwuwar sakamako. Canjin siginar BOLD ya kasance mafi girma a cikin mutane CSBD fiye da ingantattun sarrafawa, musamman don ƙarancin ƙimar yiwuwa, wanda zai iya nuna cewa ƙananan damar samun lada na lalata ba ya rage ƙimin ɗabi'ar da ta haifar da kasancewar abubuwan lada na lalata.

Dangane da bayanan mu, ana iya ba da shawarar hakan aOFC tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin sulhu takamaiman ikon alamomin nau'ikan lada na musamman don motsa halayyar neman lada a cikin mahalarta CSBD. A zahiri, rawar OFC an haɗa shi cikin samfuran kimiyyar neuroscientific na halayen jaraba.

59) Shaidar Electrophysiological na ingantacciyar kulawa ta farko ga hotunan jima'i a cikin mutane masu sha'awar jarabar cybersex (2021) [hankali / alamar amsawa da al'ada / rashin jin daɗi] Nazarin da aka tantance halayen masu shan batsa (lokacin amsawa) da kuma martanin kwakwalwa (EEG) zuwa hotunan batsa da tsaka tsaki. Dangane da Mechelmans et al. (2014) a sama, wannan binciken ya gano masu shan batsa suna da girma farkon mai da hankali ga abubuwan motsa jiki. Abin da ke sabo shine wannan binciken ya sami shaidar neurophysiological na wannan farkon nuna son kai ga abubuwan da suka danganci jaraba. Nassosi:

An yi amfani da ka'idar fahimtar da hankali don yin bayanin ban sha'awa game da abubuwan da suka shafi jaraba a cikin mutane masu wasu cututtukan jaraba (Filin & Cox, 2008; Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Wannan ka'idar ta ba da shawarar cewa maimaita amfani da abubuwa yana ƙara mayar da martani na dopaminergic, yana sa ya zama mai hankali da kuzari. Wannan yana haifar da halayen halayen mutane masu jaraba ta hanyar sha'awar jin abubuwan da suka haifar da martani ga abubuwan da suka shafi jaraba (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Bayan maimaita ƙwarewar abin da aka bayar, alamun da ke da alaƙa sun zama masu haske da ban sha'awa, don haka suna ɗaukar hankali. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa [masu shan batsa] a gaskiya sun gabatar da tsangwama mai karfi a cikin yanke hukunci na launi na hotunan jima'i dangane da tsaka tsaki. Wannan shaidar tana kama da sakamakon da aka ruwaito don abubuwan da suka danganci abubuwa (Asmaro et al., 2014; Della Libera et al., 2019) da halayen da ba su da alaƙa da abubuwa, gami da halayen jima'i (Pekal et al., 2018; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019; Wegmann & Brand, 2020).

Sakamakon littafin mu shine mutane masu [batsa] sun nuna farkon tsarin P200 dangane da abubuwan motsa jiki don amsawa ga abubuwan motsa jiki. Wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da na Mechelmans et al. (2014), wanda ya ba da rahoton mahalarta tare da halayen jima'i na tilastawa suna nuna fifiko mai mahimmanci ga jima'i fiye da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, musamman a lokacin jinkiri na farko (watau amsawar hankali da wuri). P200 yana da alaƙa da ƙananan sarrafa abubuwan motsa jiki (Crowley & Colrain, 2004). Don haka, bincikenmu na P200 ya nuna cewa bambance-bambance tsakanin jima'i da jima'i na tsaka-tsaki na iya zama wariya ga mutane tare da [jarabar batsa] a cikin matakan farko na hankali yayin aiwatar da ƙananan matakan motsa jiki. Haɓakawa P200 amplitudes zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki a cikin ƙungiyar [batsa] suna bayyana azaman haɓaka haɓakar kulawa da wuri saboda salience waɗannan abubuwan haɓakawa suna ƙaruwa. Sauran binciken ERP na jaraba sun bayyana kwatankwacin binciken, wato cewa nuna bambanci a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi jaraba yana farawa a farkon matakan sarrafa kuzari (misali, Nijs et al., 2010; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015).

A lokacin daga baya, ƙarin sarrafawa kuma mafi mahimmanci mataki na kulawa da hankali, wannan binciken ya sami ƙananan LPP amplitude a cikin masu shan batsa (high TCA group). Masu binciken suna ba da shawarar al'ada/rashin hankali azaman bayani mai yiwuwa don wannan binciken. Daga tattaunawa:

Ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyoyi da yawa. Na farko, masu sha'awar cybersex na iya fuskantar al'ada ga hotuna masu tsayi. Da yawaitar abubuwan batsa a Intanet, masu yawan kallon batsa a Intanet sun fi kallon fina-finai na batsa da gajerun bidiyo fiye da hotuna. Ganin cewa bidiyon batsa yana haifar da haɓakar ilimin halittar jiki da kuma sha'awa fiye da hotunan jima'i, hotuna a tsaye suna haifar da ƙarancin jin daɗin jima'i. (Dukansu, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Na biyu, matsananciyar haɓakawa na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje na neuroplastic (Kühn & Gallinat, 2014). Musamman, kallon kayan batsa akai-akai yana rage yawan launin toka a cikin dorsal striatum, yanki mai alaƙa da sha'awar jima'i. (Arnow et al., 2002).

60) Canje-canje a cikin oxytocin da vasopressin a cikin maza masu amfani da batsa masu matsala: Matsayin tausayi [Maganin damuwa mara aiki] Fassarar:

Abubuwan da aka gano sun ba da shawarar sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin aikin neuropeptide a cikin PPU kuma suna nuna hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar su don rage jin daɗi da ƙarin alamun alamun tunani. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bincikenmu yana ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun alaƙa tsakanin alamun cututtukan hauka, AVP, oxytocin, tausayawa da jima'i da batsa da ke da alaƙa da jima'i, da fahimtar waɗannan alaƙar na iya taimakawa jagorar ayyukan asibiti….

Ko da yake preclinical karatu akai-akai yana nuna sauye-sauye a cikin aikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin samfuran dabbobi na jaraba, Babu wani binciken ɗan adam da ya gwada haɗin gwiwa tare da mutane tare da PPU. Sakamakon na yanzu yana ba da shawarar sauye-sauye a cikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin maza tare da PPU kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin matakan asali, tsarin amsawa, ma'auni na neuropeptide, da kuma haɗin kai tare da jima'i mai alaka da batsa..

61) Matsakaicin yanayin jijiyoyi da halayen jima'i na tsammanin zurfafa jima'i suna nuni zuwa hanyoyin jaraba-kamar a cikin rikicewar halayyar jima'i (2022) [hankali] Wannan binciken na fMRI ya gano cewa masu shan batsa / jima'i (masu fama da CSBD) suna da halayen da ba su da kyau da kuma aikin kwakwalwa a lokacin. jira na kallon batsa, musamman a cikin ventral striatum. Bugu da ƙari kuma, binciken ya kuma sami abubuwan batsa / jima'i "ana so" batsa da yawa, amma ba "kamar" shi fiye da lafiya controls. Nassosi:

Mahimmanci, waɗannan bambance-bambancen halayen suna ba da shawarar cewa hanyoyin da suka haɗa da tsammanin batsa da abubuwan motsa jiki na iya canzawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa ba da lada ga hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da tsammanin kama da waɗanda ke cikin rikice-rikice na amfani da abubuwa da jaraba ɗabi'a na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin CSBD. , kamar yadda aka ambata a baya (Chatzittofis et al., 2016; Gola et al., 2018; Jokin et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Politis et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020; Voon et al., 2014). An ƙara goyan bayan wannan ta gaskiyar cewa ba mu lura da bambance-bambance a cikin wasu ayyuka na fahimi waɗanda ke auna haɗarin haɗari da sarrafawa ba, suna adawa da ra'ayin cewa manyan hanyoyin da suka danganci tilastawa suna cikin wasa (Norman et al., 2019; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022). Abin ban sha'awa, ma'aunin hali na ΔRT yana da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa tare da bayyanar cututtuka na jima'i da jima'i, yana nuna cewa sauye-sauyen halayen da ke da alaƙa suna karuwa tare da tsananin alamar CSBD ....

Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen halayen halayen tsammanin, wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan VS yayin tsammanin abubuwan motsa jiki. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka yi kama da kayan abu da jaraba na ɗabi'a suna taka rawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa rarrabuwar CSBD a matsayin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice na iya zama hujja akan tushen binciken neurobiological.

62) Haɗin Aiki a cikin Rashin Halayen Jima'i na Tilastawa - Nazari na Tsare-tsare na Adabi da Nazari akan Maza Maza (2022) [fasakarwa]

Mun sami ƙarin fc tsakanin gyrus na gaba na hagu na hagu da dama na ɗan lokaci da polare, dama da hagu insula, dama da ƙarin Motar Cortex (SMA), operculum na parietal na dama, haka kuma tsakanin gyrus supramarginal na hagu da na dama na planum, kuma tsakanin hagu orbitofrontal cortex da bar insula idan aka kwatanta CSBD da HC. An lura da raguwar fc tsakanin gyrus na ɗan lokaci na hagu na hagu da insula biyu da operculum na dama.

Binciken shine babban samfurin samfurin farko na farko wanda ke nuna nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa na kwakwalwa na 5 daban-daban waɗanda ke bambanta marasa lafiya na CSBD da HC.

Cibiyoyin sadarwar kwakwalwa da aka gano sun bambanta CSBD daga HC kuma suna ba da wasu goyan baya don ƙarfafawa a matsayin tsarin da ke tattare da alamun CSBD.

63) Bambance-bambancen kwakwalwar tsarin da ke da alaƙa da rikicewar halayyar jima'i (2023)

CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwar tsarin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen fahimtar CSBD kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin fayyace hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin cutar.

Alamun CSBD sun fi tsanani a cikin daidaikun mutane da ke nuna bambance-bambancen cortical.

Sakamako daga binciken da suka gabata da kuma binciken da aka yi a yanzu sun yi daidai da ra'ayi cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen kwakwalwa a cikin wuraren da ke tattare da haɓakawa, al'ada, sarrafa motsa jiki, da sarrafa lada.

Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwa. Wannan binciken yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci a cikin filin da ba a bayyana ba na mahimmancin asibiti kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin CSBD, wanda shine abin da ake bukata don inganta sakamakon jiyya na gaba. Sakamakon binciken na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da tattaunawa game da ko rarrabawar CSBD na yanzu a matsayin rashin kulawar motsa jiki yana da ma'ana.

Tare da waɗannan nazarin binciken da aka ruwaito:

1. 3 babban kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta canzawa: sanarwa, lalatawa, Da kuma hypofrontality.
2. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa ya haɗa da ƙananan launin toka a cikin ladaran sakamako (dorsal striatum).
3. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka tare da ƙaramiyar kunnawa a yayin da yake kallon hotunan jima'i.
4. Kuma mafi amfani da batsa amfani da haɗin gwiwa tare da lalatattun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ladar sakamako da kuma cortex prefrontal cortex.
5. Addicts yana da mafi girman aiki na farko ga jima'i, amma ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa (dace da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi).
6. Yin amfani da hotuna / tsaura zuwa batsa da suka danganci mafi girma jinkirta rangwame (rashin yiwuwar jinkirta jinkirin). Wannan alama ce ta rashin talauci.
7. 60% na batutuwa masu lalata batsa a cikin binciken daya sun sami ED ko low libido tare da abokan, amma ba tare da batsa ba: duk sun bayyana cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo ya haifar da ED / low libido.
8. Ƙawataccen ra'ayi kwatankwacin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Nuna nunawa (samfurin of DeltaFosb).
9. Babban sha'awar & sha'awar batsa, amma ba mafi girma so ba. Wannan yana daidaita tare da samfurin karɓa na karɓa - haɓaka mai ƙarfafawa.
10. Hotuna masu tsaka-tsalle suna da fifiko mafi kyau ga jima'i amma ƙwayar jikinsu suna cike da sauri zuwa hotunan jima'i. Ba a daɗe ba.
11. Ƙananan masu amfani da batsa sun fi mayar da martani a cikin ladabi.
12. Mafi Girma EEG (P300) karatun lokacin da masu amfani da batsa suka fallasa su a kan batutuwa (abin da ke faruwa a cikin wasu ƙari).
13. Ƙananan sha'awar yin jima'i da mutum yana haɓakawa tare da haɓakawa mai zurfi ga hotuna hotuna.
14. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka da ƙananan LPP amplitude lokacin da ke kallon jima'i na hotuna: yana nuna haɓakawa ko ɓoyewa.
15. Hessar HPA da ba ta dace ba da kuma canza yanayin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi (da kuma girma amygdala, wadda ke haɗe da damuwa ta zamantakewa).
16. Hanyoyin cututtuka na canzawa a kan kwayoyin tsakiya ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga dan Adam da kuma dangantaka da jaraba.
17. Matsayi mafi girma daga ƙwayoyin Necrosis Factor (TNF) - wanda ke faruwa a cikin cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma buri.
18. A kasawa a cikin temporal cortex launin toka abu; rashin haɗin kai tsakanin kamfanoni na gida da wasu yankuna.
19. Babban mulkin jihar.
20. Rage cortex prefrontal cortex da na gaban cingulate gyrus al'amarin idan aka kwatanta da lafiya sarrafawa.
21. Ragewa cikin fararen abu idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawar lafiya.

Lissafin da ke nuna binciken da ya dace da basirar misalai:

Bayar da bayanin karya:

1. Gary Wilson ya fallasa gaskiya a bayan nazarin nazarin 5 na masu yada labaran da aka ambata don tallafawa maganganun su cewa jarabar batsa babu ta kuma amfani da batsa yana da fa'ida mafi yawa: Gary Wilson - Binciken Bincike: Gaskiya ko Almara (2018).
2. Zuwa "Me yasa muke damuwa game da kallon hotunan? ", Da Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, da kuma Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Yadda za a gane abubuwan da ba su da sha'awa: Suna cite Yi amfani da al al. Shekarar 2015 (da’awar karyata shi tana addabar batsa na batsa), yayin da aka watsar da bincike sama da 40 na ilimin halin batsa wanda ke tallafa wa jarabar batsa.
4. Idan kuna neman nazarin binciken da ba za ku iya samun sa a wannan shafin ba "Cididdigar Nazarin Tambaya & ɓatarwa", bincika wannan shafin: Kimiyyar Yanar-gizo ta Kashe Kasuwanci (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" da "batsaResearch.com"). Yana bincika YBOP alamar kasuwanci'' Shafin bincike, 'gami da karatuttukan da aka zaba, mai nuna wariya, rashin sani, da yaudara.
5. Shin Joshua Grubbs yana jawo ulu a kan idanuwanmu tare da "tunanin batsa" bincike? (2016)
6. Binciken ya nuna cewa Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid bita ne mai ban sha'awa ("Shirye-shiryen batsa saboda halayen halayen kirki: Tsarin haɗin kai tare da nazari na al'ada da kuma Meta-Analysis") 2018.
7. Masu Addini Suna Amfani da Ƙananan Al'ummai kuma Ba Su Da Kusan Kuna Gaskanta Suna Zama (2017)
8. Kaddamar da: Wasika zuwa ga edita "Yi amfani da al al. (2015) sabuwar kuskuren buri tsinkaya"
9. Opin: Wane ne yake karya tsarin kimiyya akan batsa? (2016)
10. Ba da kyautar Justin Lehmiller “Shin Dysfunction ne na Erectile Ainihi akan Yunƙurin Aiki"(2018)
11. Kyauta Kris Taylor'sWasu ƙananan gaskiya game da batsa da cin hanci"(2017)
12. kuma Zuwa "Ya kamata ku damu game da lalacewar cin hanci maras kyau? " - by Daily Dot's Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Ba da kyautar labarin "Lafiyar Maza" na Gavin Evans:Za a iya kallon yawancin tsaka-tsakin da ke ba ku da tsararre?"(2018)
14. Yaya batsa yake rikici tare da ku, da Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Maris, 2016)
15. Ƙari a kan batsa: tsare ka manhood - a mayar da martani ga Marty Klein, da Philip Zimbardo da Gary Wilson (Afrilu, 2016)
16. Dismantling David Ley amsa ga Philip Zimbardo: "Dole ne mu dogara ga kimiyya mai kyau a batsa"(Maris, 2016)
17. Amsar YBOP da Jim Pfaus "Tabbataccen masanin kimiyya: jarabar jima'i shine labari"(Janairu, 2016)
18. Amsar YBOP da ake kira a cikin wata sanarwa David Ley (Janairu, 2016)
19. Masu jima'i sun ki amincewa da lalata ta hanyar ED ta hanyar iƙirarin al'aura shine matsalar (2016)
20. David Ley ya kai hare-haren Nofap (Mayu, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & abokan haɗin kai suna ƙirƙirar rukunin yanar gizo na son kai da asusun kafofin watsa labarun don tallafawa ajandar masana'antar batsa (farawa a watan Afrilu, 2019).
22. Prauseoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don dakatar da Wilson; an hana umarnin hana ta a matsayin maras kyau & tana da bashin kudade na lauya a cikin hukuncin SLAPP.
23. Shin Kira Shi Batsa Na Haɗari? Bidiyo da ke lalata Madita Oeming's "Me yasa muke Bukatar Dakatar da Kiranta da Batsa".

Lissafin nazarin da ya dace (tare da bayani):

• Matsalar jima'i da jima'i? Jerin wannan ya ƙunshi nazarin nazarin 40 da ke haɗa jita-jita ta batsa / jaraba na batsa ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan ƙananan hawaye zuwa jima'i na jima'i.. The Binciken na farko na 7 a jerin sun nuna lalacewa, yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa da kuma warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum.
• Abubuwan kyama a kan dangantaka? Fiye da nazarin 80 ya danganta amfani da batsa don ƙarancin jima'i da dangantaka gamsuwa.
• Amfani da hotuna da ke shafi lafiyar jiki da tunani? Fiye da nazarin 85 ya danganta amfani da batsa don talaucin tunani-rashin lafiyar jiki da talauci sakamakon rashin fahimta.
• Amfani da batsa ya shafi imani, halaye da halaye? Fiye da nazarin 40 ya danganta amfani da batsa don “halayen marasa daidaituwa" ga mata da ra'ayoyin masu lalata.
• Aikin nazarin 60 yana binciken rahotanni daidai da cigaba da yin amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada zuwa batsa, har ma da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka (duk alamu da bayyanar cututtukan hade da buri).
• Yarda da batun magana mai ma'ana cewa "babban burin jima'i" ya bayyana kawar da jima'i ko jima'i: Fiye da karatu 25 ya gurbata da'awar cewa jima'i da 'yan batsa "kawai suna da sha'awar jima'i sosai".