Bayar da mai warwarewa: Rubutun wasika zuwa ga editan "Prause et al. (2015) mafi kuskuren jaraba da tsinkaya "

Gabatarwa

A cikin daban-daban comments, articles da tweets Nicole Farko ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba kawai ya yi ba Yi amfani da al al., 2015 gurbata “babban mahimmancin nau'ikan ƙwayar jaraba, mai sarrafa maimaitawar mai daukar hoto, "Amma wannan"jerin shirye-shiryen halayyar da aka tsara ta ɗakunan kwarewa masu zaman kansu [falsify] wasu tsinkaya game da samfurin jaraba. ” Gunaguni ya ambaci 2016 "Wasikar ta ga Edita" (wanda aka yi ma sharhi a wannan shafin) a matsayin shaidar goyon bayan ta. A taƙaice, Gwadawa ta tattara ƙwayayenta masu ɓarna a cikin kwando ɗaya - sakin layi ɗaya da aka zana a ƙasa. Wannan amsawar YBOP tana aiki ne a matsayin fansa da maƙarƙashiya (Nicole Prause) da duk “ƙwai” da ta fi so.

Saboda mayar da martani ga neuroscientist Matuesz Gola bincike mai zurfi na nazarin nazarin su na 2015 EEG (Yi amfani da al al., 2015), Yi amfani da al al. sun rubuta nasu Wasikar ga Edita, mai taken, “Yi amfani da al al. (2015) sabuwar ƙaryar jaraba da tsinkaye, "Wanda zamu kira shi da"Amsa zuwa Gola. ” (Abin sha'awa, ainihin rubutun da aka karɓa na edita na Amsar zuwa Gola ya lissafa Nicole Prause ne kawai a matsayin marubucin, don haka ba a sani ba idan marubutan nata suka shiga aikin kirkirar Amsar zuwa Gola, ko kuma ƙoƙari ne kawai na Prause.)

Tabbas, yawancin amsawa zuwa Gola yana ƙaddamar da ƙoƙarin kare shi Yi amfani da al al., 2015 fassarori. Komawa a cikin 2015 Nicole Prause ta yi ikirarin cewa binciken da ƙungiyarta ta yi ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba ya “lalata jita-jitar batsa.” Abin da halattaccen mai bincike zai abada da'awar sun “debunked” an duk filin bincike kuma a “gurbata” duk binciken da aka rigaya tare da nazarin EEG guda?

Yanzu, a cikin 2016, Amsar ga sakin layi na Gola ya gabatar da tabbaci mara daidai wanda ya nuna cewa ɗimbin takardu, waɗanda aka gabatar da su ta hanyar binciken EEG guda ɗaya, ya gurbata “yawan annabce-annabce game da samfurin jaraba.”

A Sashe na #1 da ke ƙasa muna da'awar da'awar cin zarafi ta hanyar bayyana abin da takardun da aka ambata a cikin Amsar zuwa Gola a hakika aka gano (ba a samo shi ba), da kuma kawo haske ga binciken da ya dace da yawa. A Sashe na #2 a ƙasa, zamu bincika wasu da'awar da ba'a da tabbacin a cikin Amsa zuwa Gola. Kafin mu fara, a nan akwai hanyoyin haɗi zuwa abubuwan masu dacewa:

1. Canji na Late Positives ta hanyar jima'i Images a cikin Masu amfani da Matsala da Gudanarwa da ba daidai ba tare da "Porn Addiction" (Yi amfani da al al., 2015) Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.
2. The YBOP yayi la'akari da Yi amfani da al al., 2015.
3. Gwajin-goma da aka sake nazari of Yi amfani da al al., 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Duk sun yarda da haka Yi amfani da al al. hakika an sami lalatawa ko al'ada - daidai da buri.
4. Sanarwar Matuesz Gola na Yi amfani da al al., 2015: Rage LPP don hotunan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu matsala na iya zama daidai da tsarin jaraba. Duk abin ya dogara da samfurin. (Bayani kan Amincewa, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015).
5. A Amsa zuwa Gola kanta: Yi amfani da al al. (2015) sabuwar ƙaryar jaraba da tsinkaye.
6. A cikin wannan gabatarwa Gary Wilson ya bayyana gaskiyar a bayan binciken 5 mai ban sha'awa da kuma ɓatarwa (ciki har da Nazarin Nazarin EEG biyu na Nicole Prause): Bincike na Yanar-gizo: Gaskiya ko Fiction?

SASHE DAYA: Gyara ta Yi amfani da al al. Da'awar Falsification na Addiction Model

Wannan shi ne sakin layi na karshe Yi amfani da al al. ya taƙaita shaidar da ake tsammani ta yaudare buri na batsa:

“A rufe, muna haskakawa game da Popperian gurɓataccen annabce-annabce da yawa game da ƙirar jaraba ta amfani da hanyoyi da yawa. Yawancin samfuran jaraba suna buƙatar mutane masu haɗari suna nuna ƙarancin iko akan buƙatar su don amfani (ko shiga halin); waɗanda ke ba da rahoton ƙarin matsaloli tare da kallon hotunan jima'i a zahiri suna da kyakkyawar kulawa kan abin da suka shafi jima'i (wanda Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015, binciken farko na Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009) suka yi. Misalan jarabobi yawanci suna hasashen mummunan sakamako. Kodayake lalacewar erectile shine mafi yawan sakamakon da ake bayarwa na mummunan amfani da batsa, matsalolin maƙasudin ainihin ba a ɗaukaka su ta hanyar kallon finafinan jima'i da yawa (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ). Misalan jarabobi suna ba da shawara sau da yawa cewa amfani da abu ko halayyar ana amfani dashi don haɓaka ko tsere tasirin mummunan tasiri. Wa) annan matsalolin bayar da rahoto game da finafinan jima'i, a zahiri, sun bayar da rahoton cewa, ba su da wani mummunan tasiri a lokacin da ake kallo / kafin kallo fiye da yadda ake sarrafa su (Farantawa, Staley, da Fong, 2013) A halin yanzu, ƙarin samfuran tilastawa guda biyu sun sami ƙarin tallafi tun lokacin da aka buga littafin Prause et al. (2015). Waɗannan sun haɗa da samfurin motsa jiki mai girma (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) wanda ke tallafawa asalin tsinkayen farko (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons et al. (2015) sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan sha'awar jima'i na iya wakiltar rukunin waɗancan matsalolin rahoton. Hakanan, damuwar da ke tattare da kallon fina-finan jima'i an nuna cewa tana da alaƙa da ƙa'idodi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da tarihin addini (Grubbs et al., 2014). Wannan yana tallafawa samfurin kunya na zamantakewar al'umma game da halayen kallon fim ɗin jima'i. Tattaunawar ya kamata ta motsa daga gwada samfurin jaraba na kallon fim din jima'i, wanda ya kasance yana da tsinkaya da yawa ta hanyar kwatancen dakin gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu, don gano ingantaccen samfurin da ya dace da waɗannan halayen. ”

Kafin muyi magana akan kowane tabbaci na sama, yana da mahimmanci a bayyana menene Yi amfani da al al. Ya zaɓi ya tsallake daga abin da ake kira “gurɓata”:

1. Nazarin a kan ainihin batict addicts. Ka karanta wannan dama. Daga dukan nazarin da aka ambata, daya kawai yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyar masu cin abincin batsa, da kuma 71% na waɗannan batutuwa ya ruwaito sakamakon mummunan sakamako. Linearin layi: Ba za ku iya gurbata “jarabar batsa” ba idan karatun da kuka kawo ba su bincika masu yin lalata da batsa.
2. Duk nazarin ilimin lissafi wanda aka buga akan masu amfani da batsa da jarabar jima'i - saboda duk suna goyan bayan tsarin jaraba. Wannan shafin ya lissafa 56 neuroscience-based karatu (MRI, FMRI, EEG, Neurospychological, Hormonal) yana bada goyon baya mai karfi ga tsarin jaraba.
3. Duk wajan da aka bincika nazarin wallafe-wallafe - saboda duk suna tallafawa samfurin jaraba na batsa. Ga su nan Binciken 31 da sharhi by wasu daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya a duniya, suna goyon bayan nau'in buri na batsa.
4. Fiye da nazarin 40 da ke danganta amfani da batsa / jarabar jima'i ga matsalolin jima'i & ƙananan ƙyama. The Nazarin na 7 na farko a cikin jerin suna nuna lalacewa, yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa da kuma warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum.
5. Aikin nazarin 80 da ake dangantawa da batsa ya yi amfani da ita don rashin jima'i da dangantaka. Kamar yadda muka sani dukan nazarin da ya shafi maza sun bayar da rahoton karin amfani da batsa da aka danganta talauci jima'i ko dangantaka gamsuwa.
6. Aikin nazarin 60 yana binciken rahotanni daidai da cigaba da yin amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada zuwa batsa, har ma da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka (duk alamu da bayyanar cututtukan hade da buri).
7. Fiye da nazarin 85 ya danganta amfani da batsa don talaucin tunani-rashin lafiyar jiki da talauci sakamakon rashin fahimta
8. Yarda da batun magana mai ma'ana cewa "babban burin jima'i" ya bayyana kawar da jima'i ko jima'i: Aƙalla karatun 25 ya gurɓata da'awar cewa masu lalata da jima'i "suna da sha'awar jima'i sosai"
9. Duk da yawa nazarin kan matasa, wanda ya bada rahoton yin amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da malaman makarantar da ba su da talauci, karin halayyar jima'i, karin zalunci, rashin lafiya, rashin dangantaka, rashin jin daɗin rayuwa, kallon mutane a matsayin abubuwa, haɓaka jima'i, rashin amfani da robar roba, žaramar jin daɗin jin dadin rayuwa, rashin haɗin kai, mafi yawan halaye masu halayya, da kuma yawanci. (A takaice, ED ne ba "Mafi yawan abin da aka ba da shawarar mummunan sakamako na amfani da batsa" kamar yadda aka yi iƙirari a cikin Amsa zuwa Gola a ƙasa.)
10. Shin ganewar asali? Aikin da aka fi sani da likita a duniya, Kwayoyin Tsarin Kasa na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali dace da jaraba na batsa: "Harkokin Rashin Jima'i na Jima'i

A cikin Amsa zuwa Gola, Yi amfani da al al. ƙoƙari na gurbata kowanne daga cikin wadannan Da'awa ("Tsinkaya") dangane da tsarin jaraba. Abubuwan da suka dace da karatun tallafi daga Amsa zuwa Gola ana ba su cikakke, sannan ana yin tsokaci.

Neman 1: Rashin ikon sarrafawa duk da sakamakon da ya faru.

PRAUSE: “Yawancin samfuran jaraba suna buƙatar masu shan sigari suna nuna ƙarancin iko akan buƙatar su don amfani (ko shiga cikin halayyar); waɗanda ke ba da rahoton ƙarin matsaloli tare da kallon hotunan jima'i a zahiri suna da kyakkyawar kulawa game da amsar jima'i (abin da Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; binciken farko na Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009) "

Nazarin 2 da aka ambata bai ɓata komai ba kamar yadda basu tantance ba idan batutuwa suna da matsala wajen sarrafa amfani da batsa. Mafi mahimmanci, ba binciken da aka fara ta tantance wanda ya kasance ko kuma ba "mashayacin batsa ba." Ta yaya zaku iya lalata samfurin jaraba na batsa idan baku fara ba ta kimanta batutuwa tare da bayyananniyar hujja game da (menene ƙwararrun masanan suka bayyana a matsayin) buri? Bari mu ɗan bincika abin da nazarin 2 na zahiri ya tantance kuma ya ruwaito, kuma me ya sa ba su ƙaryata kome ba:

Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 (Dokar Sanarwa na Jima'i Arousal a cikin maza):

• Dalilin wannan binciken shi ne ganin ko maza za su iya yin lalata da rahoton da suke bayarwa yayin kallon fina-finan jima'i. Abubuwan mahimmanci masu mahimmanci: mazan da suka fi dacewa wajen kawar da sha'awar jima'i sun kuma fi dacewa wajen bawa kansu dariya. Mutanen da ba su da nasara wajen kawar da sha'awar jima'i sun kasance mafi tsananin tsoro fiye da sauran. Wadannan binciken basu da wata alaƙa da ainihin jarabar batsa '' rashin ikon sarrafa amfani duk da mummunan sakamako. ''
• Wannan binciken da ba a sani ba a yanar gizo bai tantance wanda ya kasance da kuma wanda ba "mai shan tabar wiwi ba," saboda kayan aikin tantancewar shine "Siffar ularfafa Jima'i" (SCS) SCS ba gwajin gwaji bane mai inganci don jarabar batsa ta Intanit ko na mata, don haka binciken binciken bai shafi masu yin lalata da intanet ba. An kirkiro SCS a cikin 1995 kuma an tsara shi tare da jima'i ba tare da kulawa ba dangantakar a hankali (dangane da bincikar cutar AIDS). A SCS ta ce: "An nuna ma'auni akan hangen nesa game da halin jima'i, lambobi na haɗin gwiwar, yin aiki da nau'in halayen jima'i, da kuma tarihin cututtuka da aka zubar da jima'i. "

Moholy, Yin wasa, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015 (Jima'i jima'i, ba jima'i ba, yana tsinkaya tsarin kai na jima'i):

• Wannan binciken, kamar nazarin da ke sama, bai tantance ko wane mahalarta ba ne ko kuma "ba 'yan batsa ba ne." Wannan binciken ya dogara da CBSOB, wanda ba kome ba ne game da amfani da batsa na Intanit. Tana tambaya kawai game da "ayyukan jima'i," ko kuma idan batutuwa sun damu game da ayyukansu (misali, "Ina damuwa da ni ina da ciki," "Na ba wani HIV," "Na fuskanci matsalolin kudi"). Saboda haka duk wani haɗin kai tsakanin ƙirar a kan CBSOB da ikon yin gyaran hankalin ba su dace da mutane da yawa internet batsa wadanda ba su shiga cikin jima'i ba.
• Kamar Winters binciken da ke sama, wannan binciken ya ruwaito cewa mahalarta masu halartar taron sun fi sauƙi saukarwa-suna tsara jima'i a yayin kallon batsa. Yi amfani da al al. Daidai ne: wannan binciken da aka yiwa Winters, et al., 2009: mutanen da ke ƙaunata suna da sha'awar sha'awar jima'i. (Duh)
• Wannan binciken yana da mummunan lahani da aka gani a cikin sauran nazarin wasan kwaikwayon: Masu binciken sun zaɓi batutuwa daban-daban (mata, maza, maza da mata, ba maza da mata ba), amma ya nuna musu dukkan daidaito, mai yiwuwa marasa sha'awar, batsa na mata da maza. A taƙaice, sakamakon wannan binciken ya dogara ne akan batun cewa maza, mata, da waɗanda ba maza da mata ba sun banbanta a cikin martaninsu ga saitin hotunan jima'i. Wannan a fili yake ba batun ba.

Kodayake babu wani binciken da aka gano wanda mahalarta suka kasance masu lalata batsa, Amsar zuwa Gola da alama tana da'awar cewa ainihin "masu yin lalata da batsa" ya zama mafi ƙarancin ikon sarrafa sha'awar jima'i yayin kallon batsa. Amma duk da haka me yasa Amsa ga marubutan Gola suna tunanin masu yin lalata da batsa ya kamata su sami “ƙwarin gwiwa mafi girma '' lokacin da Yi amfani da al al., 2015 ya ruwaito cewa "batsa addicts" yana da Kadan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kunna batir din vanilla fiye da yadda yake sarrafawa? (Ba zato ba tsammani, wani nazarin EEG Har ila yau, sun gano cewa yin amfani da batsa mafi girma a cikin mata Kadan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarwa zuwa batsa.) Sakamako na Yi amfani da al al. 2015 daidaita da Kühn & Gallinat (2014), wanda ya gano cewa ana amfani da karin batsa tare da Kadan kwakwalwar kunnawa a mayar da martani ga hotunan baturi na vanilla.

Yi amfani da al al. 2015's Binciken EEG ma daidaita da Banca et al. 2015, wanda ya samo hankalin da ya fi dacewa da hotunan jima'i a zinare. Ƙididdiga ta EEG ƙananan suna nufin cewa batutuwa suna biya Kadan mai da hankali ga hotuna. Mai yiwuwa yawancin masu amfani da batsa sun gaji da batsa ta vanilla da aka nuna a cikin lab. Moholy & Prause masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa basuyi “suna da iko mafi kyau a kan yadda za su yi jima'i. ” Madadin haka, sun zama masu ɗabi'a ko kuma rage girman kai ga hotunan tsayayyen batsa na vanilla.

Baƙon abu ba ne ga masu amfani da batsa sau da yawa su haɓaka haƙuri, wanda shine buƙatar haɓaka mafi girma don cimma daidaito irin na sha'awar. Irin wannan lamari yana faruwa a cikin masu cin zarafin abubuwa waɗanda ke buƙatar mafi girma "hits" don cimma nasara iri ɗaya. Tare da masu amfani da batsa, ana samun nasara mafi girma ta hanyar haɓaka zuwa sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan batsa.

Sabbin nau'o'in da suke haifar da tsoratarwa, mamaki, cin zarafin tsammanin ko ma tashin hankali zasu iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka jima'i, wanda sau da yawa a cikin waɗanda suke yin amfani da batsa na yanar gizo. A binciken da aka yi kwanan nan cewa irin wannan cigaba yana da mahimmanci a masu amfani da batsa na yau da kullum. 49% daga cikin mutanen da aka bincika sun duba batsa cewa "bai kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare su ba ko kuma suna ganin kyama. ” A cikin jimla, m karatu sun bayar da rahoton haɓakawa ko haɓakawa a cikin masu amfani da batsa sau da yawa - tasirin ya dace da tsarin jaraba.

Mahimmin bayani: Duk wannan da'awar a cikin Reply to Gola ya ta'allaka ne akan hasashen da ba a tallatawa ba cewa "masu lalata batsa" ya kamata su dandana mafi girman jima'i zuwa batutuwa na hotuna na vanilla, kuma ta haka ne kasa da ikon sarrafa su arousal. Duk da haka, hasashen cewa masu yin amfani da batsa masu mahimmanci ko masu jarabawa sun fi kwarewa ga motsawar vanilla da kuma sha'awar jima'i da yawa sunyi yaudare ta hanyoyi da yawa na bincike:

1. Aikin nazarin 40 yin amfani da batsa ta yin amfani da ƙananan jima'i ko jima'i tare da abokan jima'i.
2. 25 binciken magance da'awar cewa jima'i da jarabar batsa “suna da babban sha'awar jima'i" (mafi ƙasa).
3. A cikin hanyar nazarin 75 amfani da batsa tare da ƙananan jima'i & dangantaka gamsuwa.

A takaice:

• Karatuttukan biyu da aka ambata ba su da alaƙa da jarabar batsa 'rashin iya sarrafa amfani duk da mummunan sakamako.
• Karatuttukan biyu da aka ambata ba su gano wanda yake ko ba mai shan tabar wiwi ba, don haka ba zai iya gaya mana komai ba game da “jarabar batsa.”
• Wadannan batutuwa waɗanda suka fi girma akan tambayoyin jima'i game da jima'i (ba jarabar batsa) bai “fi ƙarfin sarrafa ƙyamar su ba” yayin kallon batsa na vanilla. Wataƙila sun gaji da batsa ta vanilla (watau, an rage ta, wanda shine canjin ƙwaƙwalwar da ke da alaƙa da jaraba).

Neman 2: Addicts amfani da abu ko hali don kubutar da motsin zuciyar ka

PRAUSE: “Samfuran shaye-shaye sau da yawa suna ba da shawara cewa ana amfani da abu ko halayyar don haɓaka ko guje wa mummunar tasiri. Wadanda ke ba da rahoton matsalolin da ke tattare da fina-finan jima'i a zahiri sun bayar da rahoton mummunan tasiri a matakin farko / kafin kallo fiye da sarrafawa (Fage, Staley, & Fong, 2013). ”

Duk da yake addicts sukan yi amfani da su don guje wa mummunan tasirin (motsin zuciyarmu), sake amsawa zuwa Gola ya bayyana a matsayin goyon bayan binciken da ba shi da alaka da gurbata wannan furucin da aka ambata a sama. Yi wasa, Staley & Fong 2013 bai bincika wannan abin ba sam. Anan ga ainihin abin da aka ruwaito:

"Ba zato ba tsammani, ƙungiyar VSS-P ta nuna rashin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na tasiri da mummunan tasirin fim ɗin jima'i fiye da VSS-C."

Fassara: abin da ake kira “batsa addicts” (ƙungiyar VSS-P) suna da ƙarancin motsin rai game da batsa fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa (VSS-C). A taƙaice, “masu yin lalata da batsa” sun sami ƙarancin amsawa game da fina-finan jima'i da na tsaka-tsaki. Mabuɗin mahimmanci: Yi nazarin 2013 amfani da batutuwa guda ɗaya kamar su Yi amfani da al al., 2015, wanda shine ainihin binciken da aka samu na 2015 EEG wanda aka samo Kadan kwakwalwa kunnawa zuwa hotunan hoton vanilla.

Akwai bayani mai sauqi qwarai game da “masu yawan amfani da batsa” suna da karancin motsin rai don kallon batsa ta vanilla. Vanilla batsa ba rajista a matsayin duk abin ban sha'awa. Hakanan “karin masu amfani da batsa” ke nunawa ga fina-finan da ke tsaka tsaki - an rage musu ƙarfi. Yi wasa, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (wanda ake kira Yi amfani da al al., 2013) ya cika sosai yanke hukunci a nan.

Wasu 'yan alamu sun bayyana a cikin Amsa ga iƙirarin Gola na ƙarya:

1. Nazarin da aka ba da labarin ba shi da wani abu da ya saba da cin zarafin batsa.
2. Kuna yin amfani da sau da yawa don nazarin karatunta.
3. Aikin Nazarin Nuna 3 (Yi amfani da al al., 2013, Yi amfani da al al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) duk sun shafi guda batutuwa.

Anan ga abin da muka sani game da “masu amfani da batsa” a cikin karatun 3 na Prause ("Nazarin Nazari"): Ba lallai bane su zama tsan kwaya, kamar yadda ba a taɓa tantance su ba don jarabar batsa. Don haka, ba za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar da ta dace don “gurbata” wani abu da za a yi da ƙirar jaraba ba. A matsayin ƙungiya an ƙasƙantar da su ko kuma sun kasance masu amfani da batsa ta vanilla, wanda ya dace da tsinkaya game da tsarin jaraba. Ga abin da kowane nazarin yake zahiri ya ruwaito game da batutuwa "batsa batsa":

1. Yi amfani da al al., 2013: "Masu amfani da batsa masu lalata" sun ba da rahoton ƙarin rashin nishaɗi da damuwa yayin kallon batsa na vanilla.
2. Steele et al., 2013: Kowane mutum da ya fi girma-amsawa ga batsa Kadan sha'awar yin jima'i tare da abokin tarayya, amma ba ka da sha'awar yin al'ada.
3. Yi amfani da al al., 2015: "Masu amfani da batsa masu lalata batsa" sun kasance Kadan kwakwalwa kunnawa zuwa hotunan hoton vanilla. Ƙididdiga ta EEG Ƙasa tana nufin cewa batutuwa "batutuwa masu lalata" suna ba da hankali ga hotuna.

Wani bayyanannen tsari ya fito daga karatuttukan uku: "Masu amfani da batsa masu lalata" sun kasance ba su da amfani ko kuma suna kasancewa cikin batsa ta vanilla, kuma waɗanda ke da saurin amsawa zuwa batsa sun fi son yin al'aura zuwa batsa fiye da yin jima'i da mutum na ainihi. A sauƙaƙe an rage musu hankali (abin da ake nunawa na jaraba) kuma sun fi son abubuwan da ke haifar da wucin gadi ga lada mai ƙarfi na ɗabi'a (haɗin kai) Babu wata hanyar da za a fassara waɗannan sakamakon azaman lalata lalata batsa.

Ba za ku iya gurbata samfurin jarabar batsa ba idan “masu yin lalata da ku” ba 'yan batsa ba ne da gaske

Babban kuskure a cikin Nazarin Nazarin shine cewa babu wanda ya san wanene, idan wani, daga cikin batutuwa na Farko sun kasance masu lalata batsa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa akwai alamun ambato sau da yawa a kusa da "masu lalata batsa" a cikin kwatancinmu na waɗannan karatun 3. An tattara batutuwa daga Pocatello, Idaho ta hanyar tallan kan layi suna neman mutanen da suke “fuskantar matsalolin da suke tsara yadda suke kallon hotunan jima'i"Pocatello, Idaho yana kan 50% Mormon, yawancin batutuwa na iya jin cewa wani Adadin amfani da batsa shine matsala mai tsanani.

A cikin hira na 2013 Nicole Farko ya yarda cewa yawancin matasanta sun fuskanci matsalolin ƙananan ƙananan (wanda ke nufin ba su kasance masu lalata ba):

"Wannan binciken kawai ya hada da mutanen da suka bayar da rahoton matsaloli, jere daga kananan ƙananan ga matsalolin da yawa, sarrafa yadda suke kallon abubuwan lalata na gani. ”

Bugu da ƙari, tambayoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin nazarin 3 don tantance "jarabar batsa" (Siffar ularfafa Jima'i) ya ba a tabbatar da shi azaman kayan sa ido don buri na batsa ba. An halicce shi ne a 1995 kuma an tsara shi tare da jima'i ba tare da jimawa ba dangantakar (tare da abokan tarayya) a cikin tunani, dangane da bincike kan annobar cutar AIDS. A SCS ta ce:

"Yakamata ya kamata a nuna sikelin a matsayin hangen nesa na halayen jima'i, lambobi na masu yin jima'i, yin aiki da dama na halin jima'i, da kuma tarihin cututtukan cututtuka da ake jima'i."

Bugu da ƙari, Nazarin Nazarin ya ba da tambayoyin ga batutuwan mata. Amma duk da haka mai haɓaka SCS ɗin ya yi gargaɗin cewa wannan kayan aikin ba zai nuna ilimin halayyar mata ba,

“Ationsungiyoyi tsakanin matakan tilasta yin jima’i da sauran alamomi na ilimin halin mutum ya nuna alamu daban-daban ga maza da mata; tilasta jima'i ya haɗu da alamun ilimin psychopathology a cikin maza amma ba cikin mata ba. "

Bayan haka ba a tabbatar da wa] annan batutuwa ba, wa] anda suka yi amfani da batutuwa, wa] anda suka yi amfani da su ba masanan batutuwa ba don rashin tunanin mutum, halin halayyar, ko wasu ƙari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga kowane “nazarin kwakwalwa” game da jaraba, don kada rikicewa ta haifar da sakamako mara ma'ana. Wani mummunan lahani shine cewa batutuwa na karatun Firamare basu da bambanci. Sun kasance maza da mata, ciki har da 7 wadanda basu da namiji, amma an nuna su duka, mai yiwuwa ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, namiji + mace batsa. Wannan shi kadai ya rage duk wani binciken. Me ya sa? Nazarin bayan binciken ya tabbatar cewa maza da mata suna da muhimmanci daban-daban amsar kwakwalwa ga hotuna ko fina-finai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu bincike masu tsada masu tsanani suyi rubutu da kyau.

A takaice,

• Nazarin da aka ambata a cikin Amsar zuwa Gola (Yi amfani da al al., 2013) bashi da alaƙa da kimanta abubuwan motsawar batsa na batsa don amfani da batsa. Tabbas ba zai tantance irin yadda masu yin batsa suke amfani da batsa don gujewa mummunan ra'ayi ba.
• Ayyukan Nazari ba su tantance ko batutuwa sun kasance masu tsada ko a'a ba. Mawallafa sun yarda cewa da yawa daga cikin batutuwa basu da matsala wajen sarrafa amfani. Dukkanin batutuwa sun kasance an tabbatar da cewa abin da ya dace ya sa 'yan ta'addanci su ba da izinin daidaitaccen tsarin tare da rukuni na bautar gumaka.
• Duk wajan karatun kwakwalwa dole ne su kasance da nau'o'i masu kama da juna don daidaitaccen misali. Tun lokacin da ba a yi nazari ba, sakamakon ba shi da tabbacin, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi ba don gurbata wani abu.

Da'awar 3: Shaye-shaye na batsa kawai suna da "sha'awar jima'i"

PRAUSE: A halin yanzu, ƙarin samfuran tilastawa guda biyu sun sami ƙarin tallafi tun lokacin da aka buga littafin Prause et al. (2015). Waɗannan sun haɗa da samfurin motsa jiki mai girma (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) wanda ke tallafawa asalin tsinkayen farko (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons et al. (2015) sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan sha'awar jima'i na iya wakiltar rukunin waɗancan matsalolin rahoton.

Iƙirarin cewa batsa da jarabar jima'i kawai suna da “babban sha'awar jima'i," an gurbata ta 25 kwanan nan binciken. A gaskiya ma, Nicole Prause ya bayyana a cikin wannan Quora post cewa ta daina yarda cewa "masu lalata da jima'i" suna da babban libidos:

"Na kasance mai nuna son kai game da bayanin yadda ake jima'i, amma wannan binciken na LPP da muka buga yanzu yana lallashina in kasance mai bude ido ga tilasta yin jima'i."

Komai irin binciken da aka ruwaito yana da mahimmanci don magance da'awar da ake yi cewa "sha'awar jima'i mai girma" tana da alaƙa tare da jarabar batsa. Rashin hankali ya zama bayyananne idan mutum yayi la'akari da maganganu bisa wasu ƙari. (Don ƙarin, duba wannan sukar na Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013 Babban sha'awar ', ko' kawai 'wani buri? A mayar da martani ga Steele et al., 2013). Misali, shin irin wannan tunanin yana nufin cewa rashin kiba mai saurin kisa, rashin iya sarrafa abinci, da kuma rashin jin dadin hakan, shine kawai "babban sha'awar abinci?"

Arin bayani, dole ne mutum ya yanke hukuncin cewa giya kawai suna da sha'awar giya, daidai? Gaskiyar ita ce cewa duk masu shan giya suna da “babban muradi” don abubuwan maye da ayyukan su (wanda ake kira “sanarwa"), Koda lokacin da jin daɗin waɗannan ayyukan ya ragu saboda wasu canje-canje masu alaƙa da kwakwalwa (lalatawa). Koyaya, hakan baya warware jarabar su (wanda ya kasance cuta ce).

Yawancin masana ƙwarewa suna la'akari da “ci gaba da amfani duk da sakamakon da ya faru”Don zama babban alama na jaraba. Bayan duk wannan, wani zai iya yin lalata da lalata ta batsa kuma ya kasa yin ƙoƙari ya wuce kwamfutarsa ​​a cikin ɗakin mahaifiyarsa saboda tasirin batsa akan dalilinsa da ƙwarewar zamantakewar sa. Amma duk da haka, a cewar waɗannan masu binciken, muddin ya nuna "babban sha'awar jima'i," ba shi da jaraba. Wannan yanayin yana watsi da duk abin da aka sani game da jaraba, gami da bayyanar cututtuka da halaye shared by duk addicts, irin su mummunan tasiri, rashin iyawa don sarrafa amfani, sha'awar da sauransu.

Bari mu duba sosai a cikin karatun 3 da aka ambata don tallafawa da'awar “babban sha'awar” da ke sama:

1. Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (Jima'in jima'i, ba jima'i ba, yana da nasaba da amsawar neurophysiological wanda aka samo ta ta hanyar jima'i):

Mun tattauna wannan binciken a sama (Steele et al., 2013). A cikin mai magana da yawun 2013, Nicole Prause ya yi sanarwa biyu game da Steele et al., 2013:

1. Wannan amsar kwakwalwar batutuwa ta bambanta da waɗanda aka gani a wasu nau'ikan addicts (Cocaine shi ne misali)
2. Wannan masu amfani da batsa sau da yawa kawai suna da "sha'awar jima'i."

Sakamakon #1) Binciken ya ba da rahoton mafi girma na EEG lokacin da aka nuna hotuna a cikin hotuna. Nazarin ya nuna cewa wani abu mai girma P300 yana faruwa a yayin da aka nuna addicts ga alamun (irin su hotuna) da suka shafi jaraba. Wannan binciken yana goyan bayan ƙwaƙwalwar batsa, kamar yadda jarrabawar 8 da aka yi nazari akan ɗan adam Steele et al. bayyana (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) kuma farfesa a ilimin kimiyya John A. Johnson ya bayyana a cikin wani bayani a karkashin 2013 Psychology yau Yi hira da hira:

“Har yanzu hankalina yana kwance a yayin da ake gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon kan ikirarin cewa kwakwalenta bai amsa hotunan jima'i ba kamar kwakwalwar masu shan kwayoyi 'kwakwalwar ta amsa maganin su, ganin cewa ta bayar da rahoton karatuttukan P300 mafi girma game da hotunan jima'i. Kamar dai 'yan maye waɗanda ke nuna P300 spikes lokacin da aka gabatar musu da maganin da suka zaɓa. Ta yaya za ta yanke hukunci wanda yake akasin ainihin sakamakon? ”

Dokta Johnson, wanda ba shi da wani ra'ayi kan jaraba da jima'i, ya yi sharhi a karo na biyu a karkashin Intacin Jiki:

Mustanski yayi tambaya, "Menene manufar binciken?" Kuma Fuskoshin amsa ya ce, "Nazarinmu ya gwada ko mutanen da ke bayar da rahoton irin wadannan matsalolin [matsalolin da suke kallon kallon su na yanar-gizon erotica] suna kama da sauran masu siyaya daga kwakwalwar su ta hanyar zinawa."

Amma binciken bai kwatanta rikodin kwakwalwa ba daga mutanen da ke da matsala ta tsara yadda suke kallon erotica ta yanar gizo zuwa rikodin kwakwalwa daga masu shan kwayoyi da rikodin kwakwalwa daga ƙungiyar masu ba da magani, wanda hakan zai zama hanya madaidaiciya don ganin ko amsawar kwakwalwa daga masu damuwa lookungiya tayi kama da amsoshin kwakwalwa na jaraba ko waɗanda ba sa addic ..

Sakamakon #2) Mai magana da yawun binciken Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa masu amfani da batsa kawai suna da "sha'awar jima'i," amma duk da haka binciken ya ba da rahoton mafi girma-amsawa ga batsa da ke haɗuwa da Kadan sha'awar yin jima'i Don sanya wata hanya, mutane da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa batsa za su fi dacewa su magance batsa fiye da yin jima'i da ainihin mutum. Wannan ba “babba bane jima'i muradi. ” Wani bayani daga sharhi Steele et al. dauke daga wannan 2015 nazarin wallafe-wallafe:

Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddarar da aka ƙayyade a cikin abubuwar, "Abubuwan da ke tattare da fahimtar fahimtar jima'i kamar sha'awar sha'awa, maimakon rikici, an tattauna" [303] (shafi na 1) ba alama daga wurin binciken binciken binciken cewa P300 amplitude ya kasance ba daidai ba dangantaka da sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a Hilton (2014), wannan binciken "ya saba daidai da fassarar P300 a matsayin babban sha'awa" [307]. Har ila yau, binciken na Hilton ya nuna cewa babu wata ƙungiya mai kula da rashin amfani da fasahar EEG don nuna bambanci tsakanin "jima'i da jima'i" da "jima'i" ya sa Steele et al. binciken da ba a iya fassara ba [307].

Ƙashin da ke ƙasa: Sakamako na Steele et al., 2013 na yaudarar shaidar da aka yi a cikin Amsa zuwa Gola.

2. Parsons et al., 2015 (Ma'aurata, Jima'i Mai Radi, ko Daidai Mai Girma? Bincike Ƙungiyoyi Uku na Guda da Mutanen Bisexual da Bayanan Labaransu game da Haɗarin Jima'i na HIV):

Kamar kusan kowane binciken da aka ambata a cikin Reply to Gola, wannan binciken ya kasa tantance waɗanne batutuwa ne, a zahiri, batsa kamu da su. Ya yi amfani da takardun tambayoyi guda biyu waɗanda suka yi tambaya kawai game da halayen jima'i: "Siffar ularfafa Jima'i" (da aka tattauna a sama), da kuma "Inventory Inventory of Disorder Screening Inventory." Babu tambayoyin da ke ƙunshe da abu ɗaya game da amfani da batsa na intanet, don haka wannan binciken ba zai iya gaya mana komai ba internet batan jita.

Duk da yake Parsons et al., 2015 kawai ta shafi kanta ne game da dabi'un jima'i a cikin 'yan luwadi da maɗigo, abin da bincikensa ya haifar da ƙaryata iƙirarin cewa "jarabar jima'i jima'i ne kawai ke da sha'awar jima'i." Idan yawan sha'awar jima'i da jarabar jima'i iri ɗaya ne, da za a sami rukuni ɗaya na mutane da yawan jama'a. Madadin haka, wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton wasu rukunoni daban-daban, amma duk kungiyoyin sun ba da rahoton irin wannan yanayin na jima'i.

Bincike mai tasowa yana tallafawa ra'ayin cewa tilasta yin jima'i (SC) da rikicewar jima'i (HD) tsakanin maza da mata masu jinsi (GBM) ana iya fahimtar su a matsayin ƙungiyoyi uku-Babu mai tilasta jima'i ko jima'i; Compulsarfafa jima'i kawai, kuma Dukansu masu tilasta yin jima'i da masu luwadi da jima'i - waɗanda ke ɗaukar manyan matakan tsanani a duk faɗin SC / HD. Kusan rabin (48.9%) na wannan samfurin mai matukar jima'i an sanya su a matsayin Babu SC ko HD, 30% azaman SC kawai, da 21.1% azaman duka SC da HD. Duk da yake ba mu sami bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi uku ba a kan adadin adadin mazan da aka ba da rahotonsu, yin jima'i ta dubura acts.

Saukakakke: Babban sha'awar jima'i, kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar jima'i, ya gaya mana kaɗan game da ko mutum yana shan jima'i ko a'a. Babban abin binciken anan shine cewa jarabar jima'i ba daidai yake da “babban sha'awar jima'i.”

3. Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016 (Baya ga namiji, Bisexual, da Jima'i Wani Bambanci a Maganin Bayani na Jima'i):

Me yasa aka ambaci wannan “wasiƙar zuwa ga edita” ya zama baƙon abu. Ba wai nazarin nazarin ɗan adam ba ne kuma ba shi da alaƙa da amfani da batsa, jarabar batsa, ko liwadi. Shin marubutan Amsawa ga Gola suna sanya ƙididdigar ambaton su tare da takardu marasa mahimmanci?

A takaice:

• Hanyoyin nan uku da aka ambata ba su tantance ko duk wani batun da aka lalata ba ko a'a. A sakamakon haka, za su iya gaya mana kadan game da da'awar cewa batsa addicts kawai da high sha'awar jima'i.
• Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013 ya bayar da rahoton cewa, mafi yawan lokuttan da ake yi wa batsa ya shafi Kadan sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya. Wannan yayi kuskuren da'awar cewa tsauraran batsa suna da girma jima'i sha'awar.
• Parsons et al., 2015 ya ruwaito cewa yin jima'i ba shi da alaƙa da matakan yin luwadi. Wannan ya gurbata da'awar cewa "masu lalata da jima'i" kawai suna da babban sha'awar jima'i.
• Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016 wata wasika ce zuwa ga editan da ba shi da wani abu da batun da ke hannunsa.

Neman 4: Cinwancin kamuwa da sinadarin kamuwa da shi ne mafi yawancin abin da aka saba nunawa game da amfani da batsa

PRAUSE: Misalan jarabobi yawanci suna hasashen mummunan sakamako. Kodayake lalacewar erectile shine mafi yawan sakamakon da ake bayarwa na mummunan amfani da batsa, matsalolin maƙasudin ainihin ba a ɗaukaka su ta hanyar kallon finafinan jima'i da yawa (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ).

Da'awar cewa "rashin lahani shine mummunan sakamako na amfani da batsa" ba tare da tallafi ba. Yana da wani sharuddan mutum kamar yadda:

1. Babu takardun da aka bincikar da takwarorinsu wanda ya taɓa yin iƙirarin cewa cin zarafi maras kyau shine #1 sakamakon amfani da porn.
2. An ba da labarin #1 na amfani da batsa ba a cikin takardun da aka yi nazari (wanda ba zai yiwu ba).
3. Wannan da'awar ya iyakance kansa ga sakamakon batsa amfani, wanda ba daidai ba ne sakamakon sakamakon batsa addiction.

Yaya iya Dysfunction kafa ne ya zama #1 mummunan sakamako daga batsa amfani lokacin da aka rabu da rabin rabin yawan jama'a? Idan duk wani matsala ta jima'i shine lambar da aka haifar da yin amfani da batsa zai zama low libido ko anorgasmia, don haka ya hada da mata.

A kowane hali, daya daga cikin binciken uku da aka ambata a bayyane yake gano abin da batutuwa suke, idan akwai, an lalata batsa: Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015. Lalle ne, wannan shi ne kawai binciken da aka ambata a cikin dukan Amsa zuwa Gola wanda ya gano duk wani mahalarta masu nazari a matsayin masu cin mutunci. Sauran binciken biyu da aka ambata a nan (Wuri & Štulhofer, 2015. Yi Amfani & Pfaus, 2015) ba mu gaya mana kome game da dangantakar dake tsakanin batsa na batsa da rashin cin hanci ba saboda ba a tantance ko duk wani batun da aka lalata ba ko a'a. Sauti saba?

Don haka, bari mu fara bincika binciken da ya dace kawai wanda aka ambata a cikin Amsar zuwa Gola.

Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 (Abubuwan Husawa ta hanyar Abun Hudu da Magana: A Gwargwadon Chart Review na 115 Tsanani Tsakanin Matasa):

Nazari ne a kan maza (matsakaicin shekaru 41.5) don neman magani don rikicewar liwadi, kamar su paraphilias da tsauraran al'aura ko zina. 27 an tsara su azaman "masu hana al'aura," ma'ana sun taba al'ada (galibi tare da amfani da batsa) sa'a ɗaya ko fiye a kowace rana ko fiye da awanni 7 a mako. 71% na masu amfani da batsa masu haɗari sun ruwaito matsalar matsalolin jima'i, tare da rahoton 33% rahotanni da aka jinkirta (sau da yawa wani ƙaddarar da aka yi wa batutuwan ED).

Wace lalacewar jima'i 38% na ragowar maza ke da shi? Binciken bai faɗi ba, kuma marubutan sun yi watsi da buƙatun maimaitawa don cikakkun bayanai. Zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na farko don lalata jima'i na maza a cikin wannan rukunin shekarun su ne ED da ƙananan libido. Ba a tambayi maza game da aikin da suke yi ba ba tare da batsa ba. Sau da yawa mutane ba su da masaniya cewa suna da lalata ta ED idan ba sa yin jima'i kuma duk ƙarshen abubuwan da suke haifar da lalata al'aura ce ta batsa. Wannan yana nufin matsalolin jima'i na iya kasancewa sun fi 71% a cikin masu lalata batsa. Dalilin da ya sa Amsa ga Gola ya kawo wannan binciken a matsayin shaida cewa “mummunan sakamako” ba a hade da jarabar batsa ya zama abin asiri.

Sutton et al., 2015 an sake yin rikici kawai nazarin don bincika kai tsaye alaƙar da ke tsakanin lalatawar jima'i da amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo mai matsala. Nazarin 2016 na Beljiyam daga wata babbar jami'ar bincike ta gano matsalar amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo tare da rage aiki mara tsauri kuma ya rage gamsuwa da jima'i. Duk da haka masu amfani da batsa masu matsala sun sami babban sha'awar. Binciken ya kuma bayyana bayar da rahoto game da fadadawa, kamar yadda kashi 49% na maza suka kalli batsa cewa “bai kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare su ba ko kuma suna ganin kyama. "

A gaskiya ma, a kan nazarin 30 sun sabunta wannan haɗin tsakanin yin amfani da batsa / jaraba na batsa da dysfunctions na jima'i ko rage yawan jima'i. Nazarin na 5 na farko a wannan jerin ya nuna lalacewa yayin da masu halartar taron suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa kuma sun warkar da ciwon jima'i. Bugu da kari, sama Nazarin 60 yana amfani da yin amfani da porn don rage jima'i da dangantaka gamsuwa. Sauti kamar “mummunan sakamako na amfani da batsa” a gare ni.

Duk da yake "lalatawa" lalatawar lalata ba ta da nasaba da kasancewar "jarabar batsa," sai mu juya kusa da nazarin karatuna biyu na farko da aka ambata a sama don da'awar cewa babu wata dangantaka kaɗan tsakanin cin hanci da rashawa da matakan yau na amfani da batsa.

Na farko, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa karatun da ke tantance samari game da jima'i tun lokacin da 2010 suka ba da rahoton matakan tarihi na lalatawar jima'i, da kuma saurin tashin hankali na sabon annoba: low libido. Duk suna rubuce a ciki wannan takarda na 2016 jarrabawa.

Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 (Duba abubuwan da ke tattare da jima'i da aka haɗaka tare da karbar jima'i mai girma, ba mai lalacewa ba):

Tun da wannan takarda tare da takarda ba a gano duk wani batutuwa a matsayin mai lalata batsa ba, bincikensa ba zai iya tallafawa da'awar cewa an gurbata tsarin jaraba na batsa ba. Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 ba karatu bane. Madadin haka, Prause ta yi iƙirarin tattara bayanai daga huɗun karatun da ta yi a baya, babu ɗayan da ya magance matsalar rashin ƙarfi. Problemarin matsala: Babu ɗayan bayanan Yi Amfani & Pfaus (2015) takarda ta haɗa bayanai a cikin binciken farko na hudu. Rashin bambance-bambance ba karamin ba ne kuma ba a bayyana su ba.

Wani sharhin da mai bincike Richard A. Isenberg MD ya yi, da aka buga a Maganin Jima'i Open Open, Ya nuna da dama (amma ba duka) bacewar rikice-rikice, kurakurai, da ƙididdigewa ba tare da dasu ba (a lalacewa ya bayyana karin rashin daidaituwa). Nicole Prause & Jim Pfaus sun yi ƙararraki da yawa na iƙirarin ƙarya ko tallafi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan takarda.

Yawancin labaran 'yan jarida game da wannan binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa yin amfani da batsa ya haifar m gyare-gyare, duk da haka wannan ba abin da aka samu takarda ba. A cikin tambayoyin da aka yi rikodin, duka Nicole Prause da Jim Pfaus sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun ƙaddamar da tsaiko a cikin lab, kuma mutanen da suka yi amfani da batsa sun fi dacewa. A cikin Jim Pfaus TV hira Pfaus ya ce:

"Mun kalli yadda karfinsu yake don samun karfin tsayuwa a dakin gwaje-gwaje."

"Mun sami haɗin linzami tare da adadin batsa da suke kallo a gida, kuma latenes waɗanda alal misali suna samun tsagewa sun fi sauri."

In wannan hira da rediyon Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa an auna abubuwa da yawa a cikin lab. Gaskiyar taken daga show:

"Da yawan mutane suna kallon erotica a gida suna da karfin amsawa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ba a rage ba."

Amma duk da haka wannan takarda ba ta tantance ingancin gini ba a cikin lab ko "saurin erections." Jaridar kawai ta yi iƙirarin sun nemi mutane su kimanta “sha'awar” su bayan kallon ɗan batsa a taƙaice (kuma ba a bayyane daga jaridu masu tushe ba har ma hakan ya faru a zahiri game da duk batutuwa). A cikin kowane hali, wani yanki daga takardar da kanta ta yarda cewa:

"Babu wani bayani game da al'adar jinsi da za a iya amfani da shi don tallafawa kwarewar maza game da kai."

A cikin ikirarin da ba a yi ba, wanda ya rubuta marubuci Nicole Prause tweeted sau da yawa game da binciken, bari duniya ta san cewa batutuwa na 280 sun shiga, kuma suna da "babu matsala a gida." Duk da haka, binciken hudu da ke dauke da nau'o'in 234 kawai, don haka "280" yana da hanya.

Na uku mai da'awar da'awar: Dr Isenberg yayi mamakin yadda zai iya yiwuwa Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 don kwatanta matakan batutuwa daban-daban na motsa sha'awa lokacin uku daban-daban iri-iri na jima'i sunyi amfani da su a cikin nazarin binciken na 4. Ɗauki biyu sunyi amfani da finafinan 3-minti daya, binciken daya ya yi amfani da finafinan 20-na biyu, kuma binciken daya ya yi amfani da hotuna. An tabbatar da hakan fina-finai sun fi tasiri fiye da hotuna, don haka babu wata ƙungiyar bincike ta halal da zata tattara waɗannan batutuwa wuri ɗaya don yin da'awa game da martaninsu. Abin mamakin shine a cikin takardarsu Prause & Pfaus ba da izini ba cewa duk karatun 4 sunyi amfani da fina-finan jima'i:

"VSS da aka gabatar a cikin binciken shine duk fina-finai."

Wannan bayanin karya ne, kamar yadda aka bayyana a fili a cikin karatun kansa na Prause.

Wani bincike na hudu wanda ba a yi la'akari da shi ba: Dr. Isenberg ya tambayi yadda Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 ya kwatanta matakan batutuwa daban-daban na motsa sha'awa lokacin kawai 1 na nazarin 4 mai zurfi da aka yi amfani dasu 1 zuwa 9 sikelin. Usedaya ya yi amfani da sikelin 0 zuwa 7, ɗayan ya yi amfani da sikelin 1 zuwa 7, kuma ɗayan binciken bai bayar da rahoton ƙimar sha'awar jima'i ba. Har yanzu Prause & Pfaus ba da hujja da'awar cewa:

"An tambayi maza don nuna matsayin su na" jima'i "daga 1" ba komai ba "zuwa 9" musamman. "

Har ila yau, wannan maƙaryaci ne kamar yadda jaridu ke nunawa. A taƙaice, dukkanin labaran da aka yi a game da batsa na inganta kayan aiki ko tsinkaye, ko wani abu, ba su da tabbas. Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015 kuma sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba su sami dangantaka tsakanin siginar aiki da kuma adadin batsa ba a cikin watan jiya. Kamar yadda Dokta Isenberg ya nuna:

“Har ila yau, abin da yafi tayar da hankali shi ne rashin barin binciken lissafi don ma'aunin sakamakon sakamako. Babu wani sakamakon ilimin lissafi duk abin da aka bayar. Maimakon haka marubutan sun nemi mai karatu ya gaskata maganganun da ba su da hujja cewa babu wata dangantaka tsakanin sa'o'in kallon hotunan batsa da aikin tsageranci. Dangane da maganganun rikice-rikice na marubuta cewa aiki tare tare da abokin tarayya na iya inganta ta hanyar kallon hotunan batsa idan babu binciken ƙididdiga ya zama abin damuwa. ”

A cikin martanin da aka gabatar na Prause & Pfaus ga sukar Dr. Isenberg, sun sake kasa samar da wasu bayanai don tallafawa "bayanin da basu da hujja." Kamar yadda wannan takardun bincike, Amsar Prause & Pfaus ba wai kawai ta kauce wa damuwar Dr. Isenberg ba ne, ta ƙunshi da yawa sabon kuskuren da kuma wasu maganganun karya na gaskiya. A ƙarshe, nazari na wallafe-wallafe daga likitocin Navy na Amurka yi sharhi akan Yi Amfani & Pfaus 2015:

“Binciken namu ya kuma hada da takardu biyu na 2015 da ke ikirarin cewa amfani da batsa ta Intanet ba shi da nasaba da tashin hankalin matsalolin samari da samari. Koyaya, irin waɗannan iƙirarin sun bayyana da wuri don zurfafa nazarin waɗannan takardu da kuma zargi na yau da kullun. Takarda ta farko ta ƙunshi fahimta mai amfani game da yuwuwar rawar daidaita yanayin jima'i a cikin samari na ED [50]. Duk da haka, wannan littafin ya zo ƙarƙashin zargi ga daban-daban discrepancies, omissions da methodological flaws. Alal misali, ba ta samar da wani sakamako na lissafi ba don ma'aunin aikin aiki na erectile dangane da amfani da batsa na Intanit. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin likitan likitancin ya nuna a cikin takarda na ainihin takardun, marubucin "marubuta" ba su ba masu karatu cikakken bayanai game da yawan mutanen da aka koyi ba ko nazarin ilimin lissafi don tabbatar da cikarsu "[51]. Bugu da ƙari, masu bincike sun bincika sa'o'i ne kawai na amfani da hotuna a cikin watan jiya. Duk da haka binciken da aka yi a kan bidiyon batsa na Intanet ya gano cewa sauye-sauye na lokutan hotunan batsa na Intanet yana amfani da shi kawai ga "matsaloli a rayuwar yau da kullum", ƙididdigewa game da SAST-R (Jima'i Yara Jima'i), kuma ya ƙidaya IATsex (kayan aiki da ke tantance jaraba akan labarun jima'i akan layi) [52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. Mafi mahimmanci shine hangen nesa na jima'i yayin kallon hotuna na Intanit (cue reactive), an kafa kyakkyawan hali a cikin dukan addinan [52, 53, 54]. Har ila yau, akwai karin shaidar cewa yawan lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi akan bidiyon bidiyo na Intanet ba ya hango halin kirki. "Ana iya nazarin al'ada ne kawai idan dalilan, sakamakon da halaye na al'ada na halayen sun kasance wani ɓangare na kima" [57]. Ƙungiyoyin bincike guda uku, ta yin amfani da maɓamai daban-daban don "liwadi" (banda lokutan amfani), sun haɗu da shi tare da matsalolin jima'i [15, 30, 31]. A haɗuwa, wannan binciken yana nuna cewa maimakon kawai "awanni na amfani", yawancin masu canji suna da matukar dacewa a kimantawa game da jarabar batsa / liwadi, kuma mai yiwuwa kuma suna da matukar dacewa wajen tantance lalatawar lalata batsa. "

Takardar Navy ta Amurka ta nuna rauni a daidaita kawai "awannin da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu" don hango abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata. Adadin batsa da ake kallo a halin yanzu ɗayan ɗayan masu canji ne da ke cikin ci gaban lalata batsa ta ED. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

1. Ratio na al'aura zuwa batsa tare da al'aura ba tare da batsa ba
2. Ratio na jima'i tare da mutum da al'aura zuwa batsa
3. Gaps a cikin jima'i (idan mutum ya dogara kawai akan batsa)
4. Virgin ko a'a
5. Shekaru na amfani
6. Shekaru na amfani
7. Age fara amfani da batsa
8. Kashewa zuwa sabon nau'i
9. Ƙaddamar da ƙuƙwarar lalacewa (daga karuwa zuwa sabon nau'i na batsa)
10. Matsayin sabon abu a kowane zaman (watau maɗallan tattarawa, shafuka masu yawa)
11. Kwacewar kwakwalwar da ke cikin kwakwalwa ta canza ko a'a
12. Gabatar da jima'i / batsa

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa wajen bincikar wannan abu, shine a cire yaduwar amfani da bidiyo na yanar gizo da kuma lura da sakamakon, wanda aka yi a cikin takarda Navy kuma a cikin wasu wasu nazarin. Irin wannan bincike ya bayyana lalacewa maimakon haɗin gwaninta da aka buɗe don fassara fassarar. My shafin ya rubuta 'yan mintuna maza da suka cire batsa kuma sun dawo daga dysfunctions na yau da kullum.

Faɗakarwa & ultulhofer 2015 (Shin Hotunan Bidiyo Suna Amfani da Jima'i Difficulties da Dysfunctions tsakanin Matashi Hudu Men? Bayanan Binciken):

Kamar yadda tare da Yi Amfani & Pfaus, 2015, wannan "Takaitaccen Sadarwa" ya kasa gano wasu batutuwa kamar yadda ake lalata batsa. Ba tare da wani batsa batsa don tantance shi ba zai iya gurbata “mummunan sakamako” na jarabar batsa. Amsar zuwa Gola tayi ikirarin cewa Wuri & Štulhofer, 2015 ba ta sami dangantaka tsakanin amfani da batsa da matsalolin jima'i ba. Wannan ba gaskiya bane, kamar yadda aka rubuta a biyu wannan YBOP yayi sharhi da kuma Nazarin Navy na Amurka na wallafe-wallafe:

Wani takarda na biyu ya ruwaito rashin daidaituwa a tsakanin mita na amfani da batsa ta Intanit a cikin shekarar bara da ED a cikin masu aiki da jima'i daga Norway, Portugal da Croatia [6]. Wadannan mawallafa, ba kamar waɗanda aka rubuta a baya ba, sun amince da adadin ED a cikin mutane 40 da kuma ƙarƙashin, kuma sun sami ED da ƙananan sha'awar jima'i kamar yadda 31% da 37%, bi da bi. Ya bambanta, binciken da aka yi a cikin finafinan Intanet na 2004 wanda daya daga cikin mawallafi ya wallafa rahoton ED ne kawai 5.8% a cikin maza 35-39 [58]. Duk da haka, bisa ga kwatantaccen lissafi, masu marubuta sun ɗauka cewa amfani da batsa na Intanit ba zai zama muhimmiyar matsala ga matasa na ED. Wannan yana da mahimmanci sosai, ya ba da cewa mutanen Portuguese da suka bincika sun bada rahoton mafi yawan ƙasƙanci na rashin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da Norwegians da Croatians, kuma kawai 40% na Portuguese ya ruwaito yin amfani da batsa na Intanit "daga sau da yawa a mako zuwa kowace rana", idan aka kwatanta da Norwegians , 57%, da kuma Croatians, 59%. An wallafa wannan takarda a fili saboda rashin yin amfani da cikakken samfurori da zai iya haɗawa da dangantaka ta kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye tsakanin masu ganewa da aka sani ko tsammanin su kasance a aiki [59]. Ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin wani takarda mai kwakwalwa a kan matsala mara kyau rashin sha'awa ciki har da masu yawa daga cikin mahalarta masu binciken daga Portugal, Croatia da Norway, an tambayi mutanen wanene daga dalilai masu yawa da suka yarda sun ba da gudummawa ga matsala ta rashin jima'i. Daga cikin wasu dalilai, kamar 11% -22% ya zaɓa "Na yi amfani da batsa mai yawa" kuma 16% -26% ya zaɓa "Na yi maimaita sau da yawa" [60].

Kamar yadda likitocin Navy suka bayyana, wannan takarda ta sami kyakkyawar ma'amala: Kashi 40% na mutanen Fotigal ne kawai ke amfani da batsa "akai-akai," yayin da kashi 60% na Norwegian ke amfani da batsa "akai-akai." Mazan Fotigal ba su da matsala ta lalata sosai fiye da Norway. Game da Croats, Wuri & Štulhofer, 2015 ya amince da babbar ƙungiya mai mahimmanci tsakanin karin amfani da batsa da kuma ED, amma da'awar cewa girman ƙarfin yana ƙananan. Duk da haka, wannan iƙirarin na iya ɓatarwa bisa ga MD wanda yake da ƙwararren ilimin fasahar kuma ya wallafa littattafai masu yawa:

Yayi nazarin wata hanya daban (Chi Squared),… yin amfani da matsakaici (vs. amfani akai-akai) ya haɓaka ƙimar (mai yiwuwa) na samun ED da kusan 50% a cikin wannan yawan mutanen Croatia. Hakan yana da ma'ana a gare ni, kodayake yana da ban sha'awa cewa kawai an gano ganowa tsakanin Croan Croats.

Bugu da kari, Gidan ƙasa & Stulhofer 2015 ya ƙyale haɓaka biyu masu muhimmanci, wanda ɗaya daga cikin marubuta suka gabatar taron Turai. Ya ba da rahoton muhimmiyar daidaituwa tsakanin lalatawar erectile da "fifiko ga wasu nau'in batsa":

“Ba da rahoto game da fifikon takamaiman nau'in batsa muhimmiyar dangantaka da erectile (amma ba mawuyaci ko sha'awar-halayen) namiji jima'i dysfunction. "

Yana fada hakan Gidan ƙasa & Stulhofer ya zaɓi ya ƙetare wannan muhimmiyar mahimmanci tsakanin lalacewa da kuma abubuwan da aka zaɓa don wasu nau'ikan nau'i na batsa daga takarda. Yana da kyau don masu amfani da batsa su karu cikin nau'in da basu dace da jima'i na jima'i ba, kuma su fuskanci ED lokacin da waɗannan batu na batsa ba su dace da hakikanin matsala ba. Kamar yadda muka yi da Amurka da aka nuna a sama, yana da mahimmanci a tantance yawan masu canjin da ke hade da yin amfani da batsa - ba kawai a cikin watanni na karshe ba, ko kuma a cikin shekarar bara.

Na biyu muhimmiyar binciken da aka samu ta hanyar Gidan ƙasa & Stulhofer 2015 ya ƙunshi mahalarta mata:

Sakamakon 5: Addinan Addini suna da dan damuwa game da amfani da batsa fiye da wadanda basu yarda ba

PRAUSE: Har ila yau, matsalolin da ake danganta da kallon fina-finai da jima'i an nuna su sun fi tasiri sosai game da dabi'u masu ra'ayin rikitarwa da tarihin addini (Grubbs et al., 2014). Wannan yana tallafawa samfurin zamantakewar zamantakewa game da halin kwaikwayo na fim.

A nan Amsa ga yunƙurin Gola na ɓatar da jarabar batsa ya ɓata nesa da maƙasudin. Me yakamata muyi don ganowa bayyane cewa masu zurfin addini suna fuskantar ɗan wahala game da amfani da batsa fiye da waɗanda basu yarda da Allah ba? Ta yaya wannan binciken ya gurbata ƙirar batsa? Ba haka bane. Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka ambata bai damu da “damuwa dangane da kallon fim."

Wancan ya ce, da yawa daga cikin labarai game da karatun Joshua Grubbs ("karatun jarabawar da aka fahimta") sun yi ƙoƙari su zana hoto mai ɓatarwa game da abin da karatun sa na fahimta da gaske ya ruwaito da kuma abin da waɗannan binciken ke nufi. Dangane da waɗannan labaran labaran, YBOP ya buga wannan sharuddan daga cikin da'awar da aka yi a cikin nazarin jaraba da aka sani da kuma a cikin shafukan da ya ɓata.

GABATARWA: Wani sabon binciken (Fernandez et al., 2017) ya gwada kuma yayi nazari akan CPUI-9, wani da ake kira "tsinkayen batsa" na tambayoyin da Joshua Grubbs ya kirkireshi, kuma ya gano cewa ba zai iya tantance ainihin "jarabar batsa" ba or "Tsinkayen batsa" (Shin Yin amfani da hotuna na Intanet na amfani da Inventory-9 Scores na Nuna Ƙaƙwalwar Kasuwanci a Intanit Hoto Ta Yi amfani da Hoto? Binciken Gwiwar Ɗawuwar Abstinence). Hakanan ya gano cewa 1/3 na tambayoyin CPUI-9 yakamata a tsallake su don dawo da ingantattun sakamako masu alaƙa da "ƙin yarda da ɗabi'a", "addini", da "awanni na amfani da batsa." Abubuwan binciken sun haifar da shakku sosai game da yanke shawara da aka samo daga kowane binciken da ya yi amfani da CPUI-9 ko ya dogara da karatun da ya yi amfani da shi. Yawancin damuwar sabon binciken da sukarsa suna yin kama da waɗanda aka tsara a cikin wannan mai yawa YBOP yayi sharhi.

Grubbs et al., 2014 (Shari'ar a matsayin Addin: Addini da Ɗaukaka suna Kushirwa a matsayin Masu Mahimmanci game da Addini ga batsa):

Gaskiyar wannan binciken:

1. Wannan binciken ya kasa gano wanda ya kasance kuma ba mai shan tabar wiwi bane, don haka bai dace da kimanta tsarin jaraba na batsa ba.
2. Sabanin da Amsar ga ikirarin Gola a sama, wannan binciken bai damu da “damuwa dangane da kallon fim.”Kalmar“ damuwa ”baya cikin m karatu.
3. Sabanin amsa ga Gola da Grubbs et al., 2014 ƙarshe, Mafi mahimmancin annabci game da jita-jitar batsa shine ainihin lokacin amfani da batsa, ba addini! Duba wannan sashe mai yawa tare da teburin binciken, daidaito, da abin da binciken ya samo asali.
4. Lokacin da muka karya tambayoyin jaraba na batsa na Grubbs (CPUI-9), alaƙar da ke tsakanin “addini” da halayyar jaraba ta asali (Tambayoyin Samun damar 4-6) kusan babu su. A sauƙaƙe: addini ba shi da komai ainihin batsa batsa.
5. A gefe guda kuma, akwai dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin “awanni na yin amfani da batsa” da ainihin maganin jaraba kamar yadda aka bincika ta "Hanyoyin Samun" tambayoyin 4-6. A sauƙaƙe: Yau jita-jita na porno yana da alaka da adadin batsa.

Amsar zuwa Gola, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo kamar David Ley, har ma da Grubbs kansa, da alama suna ƙoƙari su gina meme cewa kunya ta addini ita ce “ainihin” hanyar lalata batsa. Amma duk da haka ba gaskiya bane cewa “tsinkayen tsinkaye” karatun hujja ne na wannan zancen magana na zamani. Bugu da ƙari, wannan bincike mai zurfi bashi da “Jarabar batsa kunya ce kawai ta addini”Da'awar. Meme yana ragargajewa idan mukayi la'akari da cewa:

1. Rashin kunya na addini ba ya haifar da canjin kwakwalwa wanda yake yin kama da waɗanda aka samo a cikin masu shan kwayoyi. Ya bambanta, akwai yanzu 41 neurological karatu bayar da rahoton halayen kwakwalwa da aka haɗu da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu cin zarafin / jima'i
2. Nazarin jaraba da aka sani ba su yi amfani da wani ɓangaren ɓangaren mutane ba. Maimakon haka, an tambayi masu amfani da batsa na yau (addini ko marasa biyayya). Shawarar da ake yi na nazarin ya nuna rashin karuwar yawan halayen jima'i da yin amfani da batsa a cikin mutane masu addini (nazarin 1, nazarin 2, nazarin 3, nazarin 4, nazarin 5, nazarin 6, nazarin 7, nazarin 8, nazarin 9, nazarin 10, nazarin 11, nazarin 12, nazarin 13, nazarin 14, nazarin 15, nazarin 16, nazarin 17, nazarin 18, nazarin 19, nazarin 20, nazarin 21, nazarin 22, nazarin 23, nazarin 24).
   • Wannan yana nufin samfurin Grubbs na “masu amfani da batsa na batsa” ƙanana ne kuma babu makawa ya karkata ga mutane tare da abubuwan da suka kasance ko abubuwan da ke faruwa.
   • Hakanan yana nufin cewa "addini" yayi ba hango hasashe batsa. Maimakon haka, addini a fili yake kare daya daga tayar da buri.
3. Mutane da yawa wadanda basu yarda da agnostics ba inganta buri na batsa. Nazarin 2016 na biyu akan mutanen da suka yi amfani da batsa a karshe watanni na 6 na karshe, ko a cikin watanni na 3 na karshe, ya bayar da rahoton yadda ake amfani da batsa mai mahimmanci (28% na duka binciken).
4. Kasancewa mai addini ba ya haifar da dorewar ciwan kafa, rashin karfin libido da anorgasmia a cikin samari masu lafiya. Amma duk da haka da yawa nazarin danganta batsa don yin amfani da dysfunctions da ƙananan jima'i, kuma ED ƙididdiga sun ƙaddara ta hanyar 1000% a cikin maza da ke ƙasa da shekaru 40 tun lokacin da “bututun” batsa ya kama hankalin masu kallon batsa tun daga ƙarshen 2006.
5. wannan Nazarin 2016 a kan magunguna masu neman sauti gano cewa addini bai daidaita ba tare da ƙwayoyin cututtuka ko ƙidaya akan tambayi na jima'i da jima'i. Wannan Binciken 2016 a kan masu neman magunguna samu babu dangantaka tsakanin sadaukar da addini da kuma rahoton da aka kai kan kai game da halin halayyar zina da halayen da suka shafi hakan.
6. Binciken bincike cewa kamar yadda tsananin wahalar batsa ya ƙaru, yawancin addinai suna komawa zuwa ayyukan addini, suna zuwa majami'a sau da yawa, kuma sun kasance masu haɓaka kamar yadda za a bi / neman dawowa (tunani na 12). Wannan shi kadai zai iya lissafa duk wani dangantaka tsakanin buri da kuma addini.

A takaice:

• Dukansu da Amsar da Gola ta gabatar da kuma binciken daya da aka ambata ba su da wani abu tare da buri na batsa.
• Nazarin 2014 Grubbs "tsinkayen tsinkaye" binciken hakika gano jarabar batsa ya fi ƙarfin haɗi da adadin batsa da aka kalla fiye da addini.
• Babu wata hujja da cewa “kunya” ta addini tana haifar da sauye-sauye dangane da ƙwaƙwalwa, kuma duk da haka ana samun waɗannan canje-canjen a ciki matsala masu amfani da batsa.
• Akwai shaidu da yawa cewa addini yana kare mutane daga amfani da batsa kuma don haka jarabar batsa.
• Samfurin Grubbs na "masu amfani da batsa na addini" ba yanki bane, sabili da haka babu makawa ya karkata zuwa ga yawan canjin yanayin kwayar halitta ko kuma matsalolin da ke haifar da hakan.
• Binciken biyu da aka yi kwanan nan ba su da dangantaka tsakanin batutuwa da kuma addini a cikin maza da ke neman magani.

ta karshe: sababbin karatu guda biyu suna tura gungume ta zuciyar meme cewa "addini yana haifar da jarabar batsa":

• Sabuwar nazarin ya rushe Grubbs CPUI-9 a matsayin kayan aiki don tantance ko dai "hango batsa batsa" ko batsa na batsa (2017)
• Masu Addini Suna Amfani da Ƙananan Al'ummai kuma Ba Su Da Kusan Kuna Gaskanta Suna Zama (2017)

SASHE NA BIYU: Kaddamar da Ƙidataccen Yanayi

Gabatarwa

A cikin wannan ɓangaren mun bincika kaɗan daga maganganun da ba a tallafi ba da maganganun ƙarya waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin Amsa ga Gola. Yayinda yake da jarabawar kalubalantar Amsar zuwa Gola layin, babban raunin shi shine cewa hujjanta masu zurfin tunani ne. Sun kasa magance abun da ke ciki YBOP yayi sharhi ko nazarin nazarin 9 na jarrabawa na Yi amfani da al al. 2015 (gami da Matuesz Gola's): Binciken da aka yi wa matasa Yi amfani da al al., 2015. Dukkanin nazarin masana'antun 9 sun yarda cewa Yi amfani da al al., 2015 an sami lalacewa ko haɓakawa, wanda ya dace da samfurin jaraba. Kuma ba ya yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba: Ko da idan Yi amfani da al al. 2015 ba su sami hanyar sakewa ba, akwai nazarin nazarin ilimin lissafi na 21 wanda ya ba da rahoton haɓaka-amsawa ko sha'awar (sanarwa) a cikin masu amfani da batsa. Nazarin binciken karatun hankali (cue-reactivity & cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jarabar jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24. A cikin kimiyya, ba ku tafi tare da nazarin binciken da ba a yi ba - kuna tafiya tare da hujjar shaidar.

Wadannan maganganun na Amsar zuwa Gola suna da alaƙa da damuwar Mateusz Gola game da Yi amfani da al al., 2015 hanyoyin lalacewa. Yawancin manyan kuskuren wannan da kuma sauran Ɗaukaka Nazarin ya bar duk wani binciken da kuma haɗuwa da haɗari a cikin mummunan shakka:

1. Abubuwan da ba a kula da su ba ne saboda jaraba na batsa (batutuwa masu dacewa kawai sun amsa tambaya ɗaya).
2. Tambayoyin da aka yi amfani da su ba su yi tambaya game da yin amfani da batsa ba kuma ba su da inganci don tantance “jarabar batsa.”
3. Abubuwan da suka shafi sune daban-daban (maza, mata, wadanda ba na namiji ba).
4. Ba a kula da su ba saboda rikicewar cututtuka, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, magungunan kwakwalwa, maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, haɓaka halayyar mutum, ko rikitarwa mai karfi (kowane ɗaya daga cikinsu shine haɓaka).

Amsar Don Da'awar: Yi amfani da al al., 2015 ya yi amfani da hanyoyin "dacewa" wajen tattarawa da gano waɗanne batutuwa ne masu lalata da batsa da Voon et al., 2014 ba.

Ba abin da zai iya kasancewa daga gaskiya, kamar yadda Yi amfani da al al. hanyoyi sun kasa nasara a kowane matakin, yayin da Voon et al. yin amfani da hanyoyin da za a bi wajen daukar ma'aikata, tantancewa da kimanta batutuwa na "jarabar batsa" (Abubuwan Halayyar Jima'i Masu Haɗu da Jima'i).

A little background. Yi aiki idan aka kwatanta matsakaita EEG karantawa na 55 "masu lalata batsa" zuwa ga matsakaita EEG karantawa na 67 "waɗanda ba sa shan magani." Amma duk da haka inganci na Yi amfani da al al., 2015 zai dogara ne kawai akan kwatanta nauyin haɓaka kwakwalwa na a kungiyar of batin zina zuwa a kungiyar of wadanda ba wadanda ba'a ba. Don da'awar Prause game da gurbata da kuma haifar da dubun kanun labarai ya zama halal, dukan na batutuwan 55 na Prause dole ne su zama ainihin jarabar batsa. Ba wasu ba, amma ba kowane batu (kamar yadda Voon ya kasance). Duk alamomi suna nuna adadi mai kyau na abubuwanda ake amfani dasu na 55 masu kasancewa marasa jaraba. Wani bayani daga Steele et al., 2013 ya bayyana dukan tsari na zaɓi da ka'idoji da aka yi amfani da su a cikin nazarin Nishaɗi na 3 (Yi amfani da al al., 2013,  Steele et al., 2013, Yi amfani da al al., 2015):

“Farkon tsare-tsaren da aka yi kira ga marasa lafiya da ke jinya game da jarabar lalata da za a dauke su, amma Hukumar Kula da Kula da Kula da Ayyuka ta cikin gida ta hana wannan daukar ma’aikatan bisa hujjar cewa tona asirin irin wadannan masu aikin agaji ga VSS na iya haifar da koma baya. Madadin haka, an tattara mahalarta daga Pocatello, jama'ar Idaho ta hanyar layi tallace-tallace da ke neman mutanen da ke fuskantar matsalolin da suke tsara yadda suke kallon hotuna. "

Shi ke nan. Abin sani kawai ma'auni don haɗawa shine amsa ga tambaya ɗaya: "Kuna fuskantar matsalolin da ke tsara yadda kake kallon hotunan jima'i. ” Na farko kuskure mara kyau ya shafi tambaya da aka yi amfani da ita, wanda kawai yake nema game da kallon jima'i images, kuma ba game da yin bidiyo na Intanit ba, musamman mabudin bidiyo (wanda ya zama kamannin batsa wanda ya haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka).

Mafi yawan kuskure ita ce, Ayyuka na Rundunar ba ta nuna matsala ta hanyar amfani da jima'i ko jima'i tambaya ba (as Voon et al. yi). Kuma wasu batutuwa masu tambaya ba su tambayi ko yin amfani da kwayar cutar ta shafi rayukansu ba, ko sun yi la'akari da kansu da batsa, ko kuma sun sami jaraba-kamar bayyanar cututtuka (kamar yadda Voon et al. yi).

Kada ku kuskure, ba Steele et al., 2013 kuma ba Yi amfani da al al., 2015 ya bayyana waɗannan batutuwa na 55 a matsayin masu lalata batsa ko masu amfani da batsa. Batutuwa kawai sun yarda da jin "damuwa" ta amfani da batsa. Tabbatar da yanayin ɗabi'arta na ɗalibanta, An shigar da Prause a ciki 2013 hira cewa wasu daga cikin batutuwa na 55 sun fuskanci matsalolin ƙananan matsaloli (wanda ke nufin sun kasance ba batsa)

“Wannan binciken kawai ya hada da mutanen da suka bayar da rahoton matsaloli, daga ingancin ƙananan ga matsalolin da yawa, sarrafa yadda suke kallon abubuwan lalata na gani. ”

Ƙaddamar da rashin cin zarafin batutuwa don ainihin buri na batsa, 3 Prause Studies ya zaɓi ya yi watsi da daidaitattun ka'idodi waɗanda ake amfani dashi a cikin nazarin jaraba don hana rikici. Ayyukan Nazari ba:

• Abubuwan allon allo don yanayin ilimin hauka (ƙuƙwalwa na atomatik)
• Abubuwan allon allo don wasu ƙari (ƙetare ta atomatik)
• Tambayi batutuwa idan suna amfani da magungunan kwakwalwa (sau da yawa exclusionary)
• Abubuwan allon allo ga waɗanda ke amfani da kwayoyi a halin yanzu (ƙetare ta atomatik)

Voon et al., 2014 ya yi duk abin da ke sama da yawa don tabbatar da cewa suna binciken ne kawai, kamannin batutuwa masu lalata. Duk da haka Yi amfani da al al., 2015 sun yarda sun yi aiki babu sharudda don ban da batutuwa:

"Da yake luwadi ba shine abin da aka gano ba kuma an hana mu daga daukar marasa lafiya, babu wata hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don gano masu amfani da matsala"

Ya bayyana cewa a cikin ra'ayin Prause kawai amsa tallan tambaya ɗaya ya haɗu da ƙa'idodin keɓewa don Nazarin Nazarin. Wannan ya kawo mu game da damuwar Matuesz Gola game da batutuwan da ba a yi amfani da su ba na batsa ba, kamar yadda suke kallon kimanin awanni 3.8 na batsa a kowane mako, yayin da batutuwan Voon suka kalli awanni 13.2 a mako guda:

Mateusz Gola: “Ya cancanci a lura da hakan a cikin Prause et al. (2015) masu amfani da matsala suna cinye hotunan batsa a cikin matsakaici don 3.8 h / sati kusan yayi daidai da masu amfani da batsa marasa matsala a Kühn da Gallinat (2014) waɗanda ke cin matsakaicin 4.09 h / sati. A cikin Voon et al. (2014) masu amfani da ba masu matsala ba sun ba da rahoton 1.75 h / mako da matsala 13.21 h / mako (SD = 9.85) - bayanan da Voon ya gabatar yayin taron Kimiyyar Ilimin Lafiyar Amurka a watan Mayu 2015. ”

Lokaci na yin amfani da batsa a kowane mako don kowane binciken:

• Voon et al: 13.2 hours (duk sun kasance baticts addicts)
• Kuhn & Gallinat: 4.1 sa'o'i (babu wanda aka lasafta shi azaman haɗari na batsa)
• Yi amfani da al al: 3.8 hours (babu wanda ya san)

Gola ya kuma yi tunani game da yadda batutuwa na 55 na Prause za su iya zama 'yan batsa (don manufar "lalata ƙaryar batsa") lokacin da suka kalli Kadan batsa fiye da Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 wadanda ba wadanda ba'a ba. Yaya a duniya zata iya dukan na batutuwa na Jima'i su zama "masu lalata batsa" lokacin m na Kühn & Gallinat batutuwa masu lalata batsa ne? Koyaya an lakafta su, batutuwa dole ne su zama kwatankwacin karatun gaba ɗaya kafin ku yi da'awar cewa kuna da “gurbata” binciken gasa. Wannan tsarin ilimin kimiyya ne na farko.

Don haka, ta yaya Prause & kamfanin suka magance ramuka da yawa a cikin tsarin daukar ma'aikata da tsarin tantance su? Ta hanyar kai hare-hare kan tsarin babbar hanya na Voon et al., 2014! Na farko, bayanin tsarin tattarawa, ka'idodin ka'idoji don jaraba na batsa, da ka'idojin cirewa wanda aka cire daga Voon et al., 2014 (kuma duba Schmidt et al., 2016 & Banca et al., 2016):

“An tattara batutuwa na CSB ta hanyar tallan intanet da kuma daga masu ba da magani. An karɓi HV mai shekarun haihuwa daga tallan talla na al'umma a yankin Gabashin Anglia. Dukkanin batutuwa na CSB sun yi hira da su ta hanyar likitan kwakwalwa don tabbatar da cewa sun cika ka'idojin bincike na CSB (sun hadu da ka'idojin binciken da aka gabatar na duka cuta ta maza [Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012] da jarabar jima'i [Carnes et al., 2007]), yana maida hankalin yin amfani da amfani da layi ta hanyar yanar gizo. An kiyasta wannan ta amfani da fasalin da aka inganta na Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASES) [Mcgahuey et al., 2011], wanda aka amsa tambayoyin a kan sikelin 1-8, tare da matsayi mafi girma wanda ya wakilci mafi girman rashin hankali. Bisa ga yanayin da aka samu, dukkan batutuwan CSB da HV sun kasance namiji da namiji. Duk HV sun kasance shekarun da suka dace (± 5 shekarun) tare da batutuwa na CSB. Har ila yau, an yi amfani da su don daidaitawa tare da yanayin MRI kamar yadda muka yi a baya [Banca et al., 2016; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Voon et al., 2014]. Ka'idoji marasa daidaituwa sun haɗa da kasancewa a karkashin shekaru 18, suna da tarihin SUD, kasancewa mai amfani da shi na yau da kullum na abubuwa marasa laifi (ciki har da cannabis), kuma suna fama da mummunan cututtuka, ciki har da matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar zuciya ko rikice-rikice-rikice, ko tarihin cututtuka na lalata ko ƙwaƙwalwa (kariya ta amfani da Ƙananan Na'urar Neuropsychiatric Mini) [Sheehan et al., 1998]. Sauran halayen halayya ko halayyar halayya sun kasance maɓoye. Wasu masanan sunyi nazari game da yin amfani da layi ta yanar gizo ko kafofin watsa labarun, caca ko cinikayyar cinikayya, ƙwayar yara ko kuma tsofaffi na rashin kulawa da rashin lafiya, da kuma maganin cutar cin abinci mai binge-eating. Abubuwan da suka ƙaddamar da sikelin UPPS-P wanda ke da karfin hali [Giteside and Lynam, 2001] don tantance impulsivity, da kuma Beck Depression Inventory [Beck et al., 1961] don tantance halin ciki. Abubuwan biyu na 23 CSB sun dauki magungunan antidepressants ko sun kasance sun hada da tashin hankali da kuma zamantakewar al'umma (N = 2) ko zamantakewar al'umma (N = 1) ko tarihin yarinta na ADHD (N = 1). Rubuce da aka ba da sanarwar da aka samu, kuma Kwamitin icsabi'ar Bincike na Jami'ar Cambridge ya amince da binciken. An biya batutuwa don halartar su. ”

“Maza maza goma sha tara tare da CSB (shekaru 25.61 (SD 4.77) shekaru) da 19 sun dace da shekaru (shekaru 23.17 (SD 5.38)) mata masu aikin sa kai maza da mata ba tare da CSB ba an yi nazari (Table S2 a File S1). Ƙarin 25 mai shekaru kamar haka (25.33 (SD 5.94) shekaru da yawa) masu aikin sa kai na 'yan mata da maza sun nuna bidiyon. Batutuwa na CSB sun ruwaito cewa sakamakon rashin amfani da kayan aiki na jima'i, sun rasa ayyukansu saboda amfani a aikin (N = 2), sun lalata zumunta ko kuma mummunan tasiri ga wasu ayyukan zamantakewa (N = 16), kwarewa ya rage libido ko erectile aiki musamman a cikin dangantaka ta jiki tare da mata (ko da yake ba a cikin dangantaka da jima'i ba) (N = 11), ana amfani dasu sosai (N = 3), shahararren suicidal ide (N = 2) da kuma yin amfani da kuɗi mai yawa (N = 3, daga £ 7000 zuwa £ 15000). Abubuwa goma sunyi ko kuma suna cikin shawara don halin su. Dukkan batutuwa sun ruwaito batutuwa tare da kallon kayan yanar-gizon jima'i. Wadanda aka ruwaito sunyi amfani da sabis na masu hidima (N = 4) da cybersex (N = 5). A kan hanyar da aka saba da Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale [43], Batutuwa na CSB da aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai lafiya sun fi matsala da haɗari da jima'i kuma sun fuskanci matsaloli masu yawa a cikin jima'i amma ba ga abin da ke cikin jima'i (S3 ba. File S1). "

A Amsa zuwa Gola sharhi hare hare Voon et al., 2014:

“Gola ya lura cewa sa’o’in da muke amfani da su a fina-finai sun bayyana ƙarancin a cikin mahalarta fiye da sauran binciken biyu na amfani da erotica. Mun nuna wannan a cikin takaddarmu (sakin layi na farko “problemungiyar matsalar ta ba da rahoton ƙarin…”). Gola yayi jayayya cewa samfurinmu na masu amfani da matsala sun ba da rahoton 'yan awoyi na kallon fim ɗin jima'i fiye da samfurin matsala daga Voon et al. (2014). Koyaya, Voon et al. waɗanda aka ɗauka musamman don mahalarta masu yawan kunya game da jima'i, gami da tallace-tallace a kan yanar gizo game da abin kunya game da amfani da jima'i, “neman-magani” maza duk da amfani da “batsa” ba tare da DSM-5 ta gane shi ba, kuma tare da kuɗi ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin kamar yadda "cutarwa" na "batsa". Wadanda ke yin amfani da alamun jaraba sun nuna cewa suna da tarihin dabi'u masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma babban addini (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014). Zai fi yiwuwa Voon et al. (2014) samfurin yana nuna halin rashin kunya na jima'i a cikin al'ummomin kan layi waɗanda ke ƙarfafa rahoton babban amfani. Hakanan, an yi amfani da amfani da "batsa" yayin tattaunawar da aka tsara, ba daidaitacciyar tambayar ba. Don haka, ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa da son kai wanda ke tattare da tattaunawar da aka tsara ba a sani ba. Wannan yana da wahalar kwatanta matakan amfani da fim na jima'i tsakanin karatu. Tsarinmu na gano ƙungiyoyi ya dace da aikin da aka ambata wanda ke nuna mahimmancin mawuyacin halin damuwa a cikin matsalolin jima'i (Bancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003). "

Wannan ba komai bane face yanar gizo na sauƙaƙe bayanan karya da kuma iƙirarin da basu dace ba wanda aka lissafa don karkatar da hankalin mai karatu daga tsarin binciken ƙarancin aikin Prause. Muna farawa da:

Amsa zuwa Gola: Duk da haka, Voon et al. musamman da aka ƙaddara ga masu halartar mahaukaci na kunya, ciki har da tallace-tallace akan shafukan yanar gizo masu wulakanci game da yin amfani da jima'i, "masu neman lafiyar maza" duk da ma'anar "batsa" da DSM-5 ba ta gane ba, kuma tare da kudade ta hanyar talabijin da aka tsara a matsayin "harms" na "batsa."

Na farko, Amsar da aka ba Gola ba ta da wata hujja don tallafawa da'awar cewa mahalarta sun sami "babban abin kunya na jima'i" ko kuma an ɗauke su daga abin da ake kira "shafukan yanar gizo masu kunya." Wannan ba komai bane face farfaganda mara tushe. A gefe guda kuma, Nazarin Nazarin ya tattara batutuwa daga Pocatello, Idaho wanda ya wuce 50% Mormon. Yana da wataƙila cewa batutuwan addinai na Prause sun sami kunya ko laifi dangane da amfani da batsa, sabanin batutuwan Voon waɗanda aka tattara a bainar jama'a a Burtaniya.

Na biyu, yawancin mahalarta Voon kasance neman magani don jarabar batsa kuma masu ba da magani suka ambata. Wace hanya mafi kyau za a samu don tabbatar da batutuwa masu lalata batsa? Yana da matukar ban mamaki cewa Amsawa ga Gola zai juya wannan azaman mummunan abu (maimakon ƙarfin da ba za a iya daidaita shi ba), lokacin da Nazarin Nazarin ya so yin amfani da shi kawai "Neman magani" masu lalata da jima'i, amma kwamitin nazarin jami'a ya hana. An samo daga binciken farko na EEG:

Steele et al., 2013: "Shirye-shiryen farko sun kira marasa lafiya a jiyya don jima'i da za a dauka, amma Hukumar Kula da Nazarin Ma’aikata ta cikin gida ta hana wannan daukar ma’aikata bisa hujjar cewa tona asirin irin wadannan masu aikin agaji ga VSS na iya haifar da koma baya. ”

Abu na uku, da Amsar zuwa Gola ta tsaya a kan ƙarya ta hanyar da'awar wannan Voon et al. “Tauraron talabijin” ne ya dauki nauyin shekarar 2014. Kamar yadda ya bayyana a sarari Voon et al., 2014, binciken ya sami tallafi daga "Wellcome Trust":

Voon et al., 2014: "Kudade: Kudin da kamfanin Goodty Trust Intermediate Fellowship ya bayar (093705 / Z / 10 / Z). Dokta Potenza an tallafa shi a wani bangare ta hanyar tallafin P20 DA027844 da R01 DA018647 daga Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa; Ma'aikatar Ilimin Hauka ta Jihar Connecticut da Ayyukan Addini; da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Hauka ta Connecticut; da Cibiyar Kyau a Kyautar Bincike ta Caca daga Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Kasa. Masu ba da kuɗin ba su da wata rawa a cikin ƙirar karatu, tattara bayanai da yin nazari, yanke shawarar bugawa, ko shirya rubutun. ”

Wannan ya biyo bayan karin maganganun ƙarya da na yaudara. Alal misali, Amsar zuwa Gola tana jefa wani kuskure game da Voon et al. daukar ma'aikata / kima hanya:

Amsa zuwa Gola: Har ila yau, an yi amfani da yin amfani da "batsa" a yayin ganawar da aka tsara, ba mai tambaya ba.

Karya. A cikin zangon batutuwa masu dacewa Voon et al., An amfani da 2014 hudu tambayoyin da aka daidaita da kuma ya yi amfani da wata ganawa mai mahimmanci. Wadannan su ne bayanin taƙaitacciyar tsarin aiwatarwa da aka samo daga Banca et al., 2016 (CSB shi ne halayen jima'i mai haɗari):

Voon et al., 2014: Batutuwa na CSB sun kasance kariya yin amfani da jarrabawar jima'i na jima'i (ISST; Delmonico da Miller, 2003) da kuma ƙwararren tambayoyin gwaje-gwaje da suka hada da shekarun farko, mita, tsawon lokaci, ƙoƙari don sarrafa iko, abstinence, alamomin amfani, magani da kuma sakamako masu banƙyama. Masu haɗin CSB sunyi tambayoyi da wani likita don tabbatar da cewa sun cika ka'idoji guda biyu na tsarin bincike na CSB (ka'idodin bincike game da Harkokin Siyasa, ka'idojin jima'i; Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012), mai da hankali kan tilasta yin amfani da kayan aikin batsa ta yanar gizo. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna ƙarfafa gazawa don yankewa ko sarrafa halayen jima'i, gami da amfani da batsa, duk da zamantakewar jama'a, kuɗi, halayyar mutumtaka da ilimi ko matsalolin sana'a. An bayyana cikakken bayanin alamun cutar CSB a ciki Voon et al. (2014).

Abin mamaki ne cewa Amsar zuwa Gola zata iya gwadawa kusan tsarin binciken da babu shi wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin Nazarin Nazarin (batutuwa sun amsa tallan tambaya ɗaya) tare da cikakke, hanyoyin binciken ƙwararru da aka yi amfani dasu Voon et al., 2014:

1. Jana'izar Intanet na Jima'i, Delmonico da Miller, 2003
2. Tambayar da likitancin da aka yi amfani da ita don yin jima'i daga 3 da aka yi amfani dasu da yawa: Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012)
3. Mai binciken mai bincike mai zurfi da aka tsara a cikin cikakken bayani, ciki har da shekarun farko, tsawon lokaci, tsawon lokaci, ƙoƙarin sarrafa iko, abstinence, alamomin amfani, jiyya da kuma sakamako mai ban tsoro.

Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan tsari shine kawai nunawa don tabbatar da wanzuwar jaraba na batsa; Voon et al. bai tsaya nan ba. Arin tambayoyin tambayoyi da tambayoyi ba tare da waɗanda ke da yanayin tabin hankali ba, ƙwayoyi ko ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, OCD ko rikice-rikice masu tilastawa, da masu cin zarafin abu na yanzu ko na baya. Masu binciken a cikin Nazarin Nazarin ba su yi wannan ba.

A ƙarshe, da Amsar zuwa Gola ta sake tsarawa da'awar da'awar cewa batsa batsa ba kome ba ne fiye da kuncin addini,

Amsa zuwa Gola: "Wadanda suka dauki lakabin lakabin an nuna cewa suna da tarihin dabi'u masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma babbar addini (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014)."

Hadin da'awar da aka yi tsakanin batutuwa da labarun batsa shi ne jawabi a sama kuma ya zama basira a cikin wannan babban bincike na kayan Joshua Grubbs.

Amsawa zuwa Gola ya kawar da mummunan lalacewa Yi amfani da al al., 2015: Bambanci marar yarda da batutuwa

Bayani game da karatun EEG mai rikitarwa na Nicole Prause (Steele et al., 2013, Yi amfani da al al., 2015) sun tayar da damuwa matuka game da bambancin yanayi na "damuwa" batsa ta amfani da batutuwa. Karatuttukan EEG sun haɗa da maza da mata, maza da mata da ma waɗanda ba maza ba, amma duk da haka masu binciken sun nuna musu dukkan ƙa'idodi, mai yiwuwa marasa sha'awa, batsa na mata da na mata. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, saboda yana keta ƙa'idar aiki don karatun jaraba, wanda masu bincike ke zaɓar kama batutuwa dangane da shekaru, jinsi, fuskantarwa, ko da makamancin IQ ne (da ƙungiya mai kula da kamfani) don kaucewa hargitsi da irin wannan bambance-bambance.

A wasu kalmomi, sakamakon binciken nazarin 2 EEG ya dogara ne akan yadda maza, mata, da maza da mata ba su bambanta a cikin kwakwalwar su ba game da hotunan jima'i. Duk da haka nazarin bayan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa maza da mata suna da bambanci daban-daban na kwakwalwa ga zane-zane ko fina-finai. Gola ya san wannan kuma ya ambata wannan mummunan lahani a cikin bayanin kula:

Mateusz Gola: "Ya kamata a lura cewa marubuta sun ba da sakamakon ga maza da mata masu haɗuwa tare, yayin da binciken na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa hotunan jima'i na nuna sha'awa da furuci ya bambanta ƙwarai da gaske tsakanin genders (duba: Wierzba et al., 2015). "

A cikin wani abu mai banƙyama, da Amsar zuwa Gola bata kula da wannan giwa a cikin dakin ba: namiji da mace jiyya amsa sosai daban da jima'i. Maimakon haka, amsar ta Gola ta sanar da mu cewa dukkanin maza da mata za su taso da zane-zane, da kuma sauran abubuwan da ba su da muhimmanci:

“Gola ya yi ikirarin cewa bai kamata a gabatar da bayanai na maza da mata tare ba, saboda ba su amsa abubuwan da suka shafi jima'i. A zahiri, abubuwan da maza suka fi so game da matsalolin jima'i sun haɗu sosai (Janssen, Masassaƙa, & Graham, 2003). Kamar yadda muka bayyana, hotunan an gwada su don daidaita sha'awar jima'i tsakanin maza da mata. An ƙara hotunan "Jima'i" daga Tsarin Hoto na Internationalasashen Duniya, saboda ana sarrafa su ne don nuna soyayya maimakon jima'i tsakanin maza da mata (Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Mafi mahimmanci, bincike ya nuna cewa bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar sha'awar jima'i da aka danganta ga jinsi an fi fahimtar su kamar yadda ake danganta su ga sha'awar jima'i (Wehrum et al., 2013). Tun da sha'awar jima'i ta kasance mai hangen nesa a cikin binciken, bai dace a raba rahotanni na sha'awar jima'i ba ta hanyar sanannen rikice-rikice: jinsi. "

Amsar da ke sama ba ta da alaƙa da sukar Mateusz Gola: Yayin kallon ainihin batsa iri ɗaya kwakwalwar mace da namiji suna nuna bambancin kalaman kwakwalwa (EEG) da tsarin jini (fMRI). Misali, wannan Nazarin EEG gano cewa mata suna da yawan karatun EEG fiye da maza yayin kallon hotunan jima'i. Ba za ku iya yin la'akari tsakanin karatun EEG na maza da mata ba, kamar yadda Nazarin Nazarin ya yi, kuma ya ƙare da komai mai ma'ana. Hakanan ba zaku iya kwatanta amsar kwakwalwar ƙungiyar gauraye zuwa amsar kwakwalwa na wani rukuni mai haɗuwa ba, kamar yadda Nazarin Nazarin yayi.

Akwai dalilin da yasa babu ɗayan wallafe-wallafen nazarin ne a kan masu amfani da batsa (ban da na Fuse's) maza da mata masu haɗuwa. Kowane binciken nazarin jijiyoyin jiki ya shafi batutuwa wadanda suka kasance jinsi daya da tsarin jima'i. Tabbas, Yi amfani da kanta a cikin nazarin da aka yi a baya (2012) cewa mutane sun bambanta da yawa a cikin amsawarsu ga hotunan jima'i:

"Ra'ayoyin fina-finai suna da saukin kamuwa da bambance-bambancen mutum dangane da abubuwa daban-daban na abubuwan da suka faru (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), fifiko don takamaiman abun ciki (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) ko kuma tarihin asibiti da ke yin wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin () Wouda et al., 1998). "

"Duk da haka, mutane za su bambanta sosai a cikin abubuwan gani da ke nuna sha'awar jima'i a gare su (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

A 2013 Yi nazari ya bayyana:

"Karatu da yawa ta amfani da shahararren Tsarin Hoto na Hotuna na Duniya (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) Yi amfani da matsalolin daban-daban ga maza da mata a cikin samfurin su. "

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da bambancin bambanci tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na maza da mata (maza, mata, maza da mata), kwatanta kwatankwacin da kuma irin abubuwan da aka yi a cikin Nazarin Nazarin ba su da tabbas.

Tarin nazarin da ke tabbatar da cewa kwakwalwa da namiji sunyi bambanci da wannan jima'i:

• Differences tsakanin maza da mata a cikin jima'i Arousal da kuma Abubuwa masu amfani ga Erotica (2013)
• Bambancin jima'i a cikin kwakwalwa ta kunnawa ga matsalolin motsin rai: nazarin nazarin nazarin neuroimaging (2012)
• Cikin fata na jin dadin aiki a cikin mutane yayin bayyanar da hotuna masu haɗakarwa: bambance-bambancen jima'i (2014)
• Marigayi mota mai kyau (LPP) don amsawa ga nau'i daban-daban na motsa jiki da cigaba a cikin masu shan taba: kwatankwacin abun ciki (2013)
• Bambance-bambance tsakanin jima'i a cikin hulɗar tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma abin da ke gani ta hanyar kwatsam ta hanyar tunani: binciken fMRI (2015)
• Hoto hoton hoto: bambancin jinsi a cikin kwayar gani? (2014)
• Abubuwan da ke cikin jima'i na musamman don abubuwan jima'i na jima'i (2009)
• Bambancin jima'i a cikin alamu na zinare na jima'i: abubuwa masu auna ko abubuwan mamaki na gaske? (2009)
• Bambance-bambance na jima'i a cikin kallon abubuwan jima'i: binciken binciken ido a maza da mata (2007)
• Maza da mata sun bambanta a amygdala amsa ga rayukan jima'i na gani (2004)
• Hanyoyin jinsin da dangantaka da dangantaka a cikin labarun da ke kan labarun jima'i da batun jima'i a maza da mata maza (2012)
• Bambanci tsakanin jima'i da hankali a hankali ga jita-jita da rashin ciwo (2007)
• Differences tsakanin jima'i a cikin Amsawa ga Jirgin Jirgin Jima'i: Binciken (2007)
• Hanyoyin da aka yi a fata don maganin jima'i na gani (2008)
• Yayin da yake nunawa ga yanayin jima'i yana da irin wannan tasiri akan maza da mata? (2007)
• Wani Nazarin FMRI na Amsawa ga Harkokin Jima'i a matsayin Matsayin Gwiwar Hanya da Maganganin Neman Binciken Na farko (2016)
• Kwancen Tsarin Gwaran Late (LPP) a cikin Amsawa ga Tsarin Jiki na Rayuwa da Cigarette a Cikin Gudura: Tattaunawar Daidaitawa
• Hanyoyin Amincewa da Gaskiya Game da Yanayin Ƙarƙirar Maganganu a Tsarin Gargaɗi A lokacin Exposure to Erotica (2016)
• Hanyar da ke tattare da bambance-bambancen jima'i a cikin halayen jima'i: Nisan bincike mai mahimmanci (2016)
• Halin halayyar jima'i na jima'i zuwa zane-zane da fim (1995)

A taƙaice, Nazarin Nazarin ya sha wahala daga mummunan lahani na hanya wanda ke yin tambaya game da sakamakon karatun da kuma iƙirarin marubuta game da “gurɓata” samfurin jarabar batsa:

1. Abubuwa sun kasance mahaukaci (maza, mata, wadanda ba na namiji ba)
2. Abubuwa sun kasance ba a kula da jita-jita ta batsa ba, damuwa na tunanin mutum, amfani da kayan abu, ko miyagun ƙwayoyi da halayyar hali
3. Tambayoyi sun kasance ba a tabbatar dashi bane ko amfani da batsa