Nānā: Nānā Neural Nā Pūʻulu Hoʻolaha Kūikawā (2018)

Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele (IGD), kahi pilikia olakino o ka honua a puni, ua aʻo nui ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻelua mau makahiki a ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he IGD e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona me nā pilikia make kino (SUD) a me ka papaʻa pathologic ma ka etiology, phenomenology, nā hana neurobiological, a me ka mālama ʻana kū maikaʻi. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā loea Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) me nā loiloi electroencephalographic a me nā hanana e pili ana i nā hanana (ERPs), he ulu nui o nā haʻawina e kū mai nei e ʻimi nei i nā biomarkers neural o ka IGD. Wahi a nā haʻawina neʻe neuroscientific a noʻonoʻo i nā kumumanaʻo o nā mea hoʻohālikelike, ua hoʻohālike ʻia nā hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā a me ka mālama ʻana o ka IGD. ʻO ka manawa nei, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo IGD i ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o ka paʻi (lima) hou o ka Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ma kahi ʻano e koi ai i kekahi noiʻi hou. Eia naʻe, ua komo pū ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka pāʻani pāʻani (a ʻoi loa ka pūnaewele a me ka nui offline) ma ka ICD 11th loiloi. Hoʻonui nui kēia holomua i nā kūkā kamaʻilio a me nā hopohopo lehulehu no ka pono o ke aʻo ʻana i ka IGD. Pono nā ʻōnaehana neural pololei ma lalo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, mālama, a me ke kala ʻana i ka IGD e koi hou i nā noiʻi hou aʻe i mea e ʻike pono ai i ke ʻano o ka IGD a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hopena lapaʻau.

Ma loko o kēia Kumuhana Pūnaewele, hoʻomaka mākou me kahi pepa loiloi a Kimberly Young, he paionia ma ke kahua o ka ʻimi hoʻokolokolo pūnaewele, a me Matthias Brand. Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei ʻo Young a me Brand i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka IGD e pili ana i ka ʻoihana diagnostic a me ka helu papa ʻana, a ke manaʻo nei nei lākou i ke ʻano o ka Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Exemption (I-PACE), he hiʻohiʻona piha e pili ana i nā haʻawina empirisical a me ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana noiʻi ʻenehana-unuhi ʻia a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama maʻi hou no ka IGD. Ma lalo o ka papa o ka Pūnaewele Kūʻē Manaʻo (RDoC), i hāpai ʻia e ka National Institute of Mental Health, Kuss et al. loiloi i nā haʻawina hoʻāʻo loea o ka IGD. Hōʻike lākou ʻo ka poʻe ʻimiʻaka i ka pāʻani he mea maikaʻi ʻole ka pane ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ka hoʻoholo a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka naʻau, a pili ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka cortex e hana ana, a ke manaʻo nei ka hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana uku neural kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka IGD, e like nō me nā hualoaʻa. i loaʻa ma nā poʻe me nā pilikia pili i nā mea. Wahi a nā loiloi Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) i kēia manawa, Weinstein ʻIke pū kekahi i nā mea me ka IGD e hōʻike i nā loli i loko o ka hana hoʻokūkū, ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻano a me ka hoʻoponopono o nā naʻau, kahi like ia me ka SUD no ka hōʻike. Weinstein e manaʻo nui ana i nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana e noiʻi i ka ʻike o ka keʻokeʻo a me ka hana pono ʻana i ka IGD e hōʻoia i ka ʻike hou loa a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea like a me nā ʻokoʻa i nā neuro-chemical a me ka neuro-cognitive brain circuit ma IGD a me nā kūlana co-morbid e like me ADHD a me ke kaumaha. Wei et al. ka hopena o ka launa ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻekolu, ka impulsive, ka mana hoʻohālikelike, a me ka uila interoceptive-ʻike i ka hana nui ma ka IGD a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka hoʻomohala a me ka mālama ʻana o ka IGD e pili ana me ka pūnaehana "impulsive" maʻi, a hypoactive " reflective "ʻōnaehana, a hoʻonui ʻia e ka pilina interoceptive-ʻike.

He hana koʻikoʻi ka hana hoʻōla ʻana i ka hana kūpono a ua ʻike mau ʻia i ka SUD. Kim et al. hōʻike e ʻoi aku ka poʻe me ka lilo nui o nā pāʻani pūnaewele i ka hiki ʻole ke koho i ka pane i hoʻoikaika mua ʻia e ka hōʻailona hōʻailona (akā, ʻaʻole kālā), i hui pū ʻia e nā pane neural e uku i ka uku ma ka ʻāina parietal haʻahaʻa a me ka orbitofrontal medial / ventromedial prefrontal cortex . ^ E Ha yM. Wang et al. e kāohi i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka cue-familiarity a ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele pāʻani ʻimi kino, nā poʻe me ka IGD e hōʻike i ka hana lolo i hoʻonui ʻia i ka cortex hema orbitofrontal a hoʻemi i ka hana i ka cortex anterior cortex kūpono i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā kīʻaha pili i ka pāʻani. Pili ka mea i pili i ka makemake nui o ka pāʻani pāʻani a me ka hiki ke kīnā i ka pale ʻana i ke akeʻai no ka pāʻani ʻana i nā kumuhana me nā IGD. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hoʻokele ERP, Peng et al. e hōʻike nei i ka ʻike i loko o nā poʻe me ka nui o ka IGD ma ka hāmeʻa ERP N170 (kahi mākaʻikaʻi o ka helehelena helehelena mua) ke emi nei no ka pane ʻana i nā kīʻaha kūlike e like me nā kīʻaha maka hauʻoli, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka hui i ka wā e hoʻoiho o nā hōʻike kaumaha a me nā haʻi kūlohelohe. Ua hoʻopau lākou i kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka IGD e manaʻo hou aku i nā manaʻo hou aʻe i ka haki ʻana o ka manaʻo hauʻoli. Wang et al. e ʻimi i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi hana kīnā ʻole e hoʻohana ana i kahi hana hoʻoholo hoʻoholo intertemporal ma waena o ka IGD. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kumumanaʻo, aia ka pūʻulu IGD i ka ʻimi koke ʻana, kahi i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o ka lolo i ka cortex prefrontal cortex a me ka bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. Hōʻike kēia mau mea i ka nele o ka hiki o ka loiloi i ka uku lohi a me ka hauʻoli koke koke, a me ka hiki i ke lēʻaheo i ka impulse inhibition.

ʻEkolu mau haʻawina ʻimi i nā hōʻike neural e hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hōʻike lōʻihi ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō ikaika. Pan et al. e hoʻohana i ka amplitude o nā haʻalulu haʻalulu haʻahaʻa (ALFF) a me ka ALFF haʻihaʻi (fALFF) e helu i ka hui pūʻulu o ka hana lolo kūlohelohe ma waena o kahi hui pāʻani wikiō ʻino a me ka pūʻulu kaohi akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi ʻokoʻa hui. Gao et al. e ʻimi hou inā hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ʻino (VVG) ke hoʻololi i nā pane empathic o nā mea pāʻani i nā kūlana ʻeha, a hōʻike nā hopena ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻike o ka ʻeha ʻē aʻe i nā wahi o ka lolo ma waena o ka hui pāʻani wikiō ʻino a me ka poʻe kolohe ʻole. hui pāʻani wikiō. Ke aʻo ʻia e Szycik et al. ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā hui i ka pane o ka lolo i nā ʻōuli o ka naʻau ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana nui o nā pāʻani kolohe a me nā kumuhana kāohi. Hāʻawi ʻia he nui nā hōʻike theoretical a me empirical no ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hōʻike lōʻihi ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō ʻino ma luna o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, ʻo kēia mau hopena ke hōʻoia hou nei i nā noiʻi hou a me kēia aʻo e hoʻoulu ai i ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana.

Ua nānā pū kekahi haʻawina i kēia Topikohiko Research e pili ana i ka hui ʻana ma waena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana lolo a me ka makemake i ka IGD. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hōkū o ke kumu hina hina (GMV), Pan et al. hōʻike e pili ana nā GMV o ka hana i ka hope o ka bilateral post-central gyri, ka precual gyri, ka posterior midcingulate cortex, a me ka ʻaoʻao waena mua o ka gyrus pili pono i ka hoʻonaninani o nā hōʻailona IGD a ma hope o ka kāohi ʻana no ka makahiki, mau makahiki hoʻonaʻauao a me ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ai ka manawa. ma nā pāʻani pāʻani pūnaewele. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i nā GMV o nā wahi o ka lolo i komo i ke kaʻina sensorimotor a me ka hoʻomohala kognitive e pili ana i nā hōʻailona IGD. ʻO ka hope, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana e Müller et al. ʻimi i nā hui ma waena o prenatal testosterone a me nā maʻi ʻelua i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele a me IGD. Lākiō Digit (2D: 4D, lakio helu o ka helu kuhikuhi i ka manamana lima) ua hoʻohana ʻia ka māka o ka lima ma ke ʻano he marker o prenatal testosterone. Hōʻike kēia noiʻi i kahi pilina ma waena o ka lakene uila haʻahaʻa (2D: 4D, ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ka lakio helu o ka helu kuhikuhi i ka manamana lima, ʻo ia hoʻi,> 1 ke kumu o ka testosterone prenatal haʻahaʻa) a me nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe o IGD. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike nui ʻia kēia hopena i nā mea komo wahine. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i ka 2D: 4D marker i lilo i biomarker hoihoi no ka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele a me nā palapala kauoha hou.

I ka hopena, ʻae ʻia nā ʻōlelo i komo i loko o kēia Research Topic i ke ʻano o nā ʻano o nā loina neurobiological i lalo o ka IGD. Hōʻike nā ʻatikala i kēia manawa aia nā hōʻike empirical no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana iā IGD i ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o nā ʻano hana hoʻohui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haʻawina a me nā kumuʻenehana e alakaʻi ai i ka poʻe haʻalulu a me nā haʻawina longitudinal ma ka hui o ka noʻonoʻo -ʻano i ka poʻe me nā hōʻailona o ka IGD a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohana pūnaewele. kēia hana addictive hana a me ka manaʻo ʻana i ka hana intervent hana.

Nā mea kōkua i kākau

J-TZ kākau i ka papa mua o ka ʻatikala. Hāʻawi ka J-TZ a me MB i ka loiloi koʻikoʻi o ka kākau ʻana a me ka hāʻawi nui ʻana i ka ʻike naʻauao. Heluhelu ʻia nā mea kākau a apono ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i hoʻouna ʻia.

hoʻolako 'ia o

Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia hana e nā hāʻawi mai ka National Natural Science Foundation o Kina (No. 81100992; No. 31872211).

Kōkua o ka'Āina Kuleana

Ua haʻi aku nā mea kākau i ka hanaʻana o ka noiʻiʻana ma ka nele o nāʻoihana pāʻoihana aʻoihana kālā paha i hiki ke manaʻoʻia he hopena kūpono e pili ana.