Ka maʻi ʻōpala pūnaewele a me nā ʻōpio: ke ulu nei nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hana ma ka pūnaewele koʻikoʻi a hiki i kēia ke keʻakeʻa i ka hana a nā haumāna a me nā nohona kaiaulu (2014)

EMBO Rep. 2014 Jan 1; 15 (1): 12-6. doi: 10.1002 / embr.201338222.

Mikumahu P.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo

  • Ke kikowaena pūnaewele ʻo Johns Hopkins University no nā ʻōpio taleni (CTY) pūnaewele a me IT.
  • http://embor.embopress.org/content/15/1/12

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻoihana pūnaewele ʻoi loa ma ke ʻano he maʻi e ke kaiāulu psychiatric - ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder V (DSM-V) i hoʻopuka hou ʻia, i paʻi ʻia e ka American Psychiatric Association — kahi helu weliweli o ka poʻe hōʻike i nā mea e ʻike ʻia he hōʻailona o ka hōʻalo i ka honua uila. ʻAno palupalu ka poʻe ʻōpio, me nā hihia hihia e hōʻike ana i nā haumāna i kū i ka hana kula i ka wā e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa ma ka pūnaewele. E ʻeha pū kekahi i nā hopena olakino mai ka hiamoe ʻana, ʻoiai lākou e ala ana ma hope a ma hope e kamaʻilio ai ma ka pūnaewele, e nānā no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kūlana pūnaewele a i ʻole hiki i nā pae pāʻani hou.

Nui a hewahewa nā hihia i hopu i nā poʻo inoa a hoʻonui i nā manaʻo o ka lehulehu e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi ʻōpio ʻōpio ma Korea, no ka laʻana, lilo i ka manawa nui i ka hānai ʻana i kahi kaikamahine kamepiula ma ka pūnaewele a hoʻowahāwahā i kā lāua kaikamahine ponoʻī, a ua make pū kekahi. I Kina, ʻelua mau haumāna mai Chongqinq e pāʻani nei i kahi pāʻani pūnaewele no 2 mau lā i hala pololei i nā ala kaʻaahi a make ʻia e kahi kaʻaahi e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai he prumptuous e hoʻopiʻi i ka 'Internet addiction' no ia mau pōpilikia - ua ʻeha paha ka poʻe ʻōpio e pili ana i nā pathology ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole-ʻo nā hihia e kau i ka nānā i ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele o ka Pūnaewele.

Ke waiho nei no kahi manawa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana inā paha e ʻae ʻia kēlā mau pilikia e like me ka 'Internet addict disorder', ka ulu ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia mau ʻano i ka wā o ka waena waena o 1990, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hihia i waena o nā haumāna o ke kula e hiki mai ana i ka makaʻikepili limahana olakino. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻenehana Pūnaewele ', ʻo nā huaʻōlelo e like me ka' pilikia pilikia Internet ',' dysfunctional Internet use ',' Internet dependence ',' pathological Internet use ', a me ka' compulsive Internet use 'ua koho ʻia e like me ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻano. No kēia ʻatikala, e hoʻohana wau i ka 'addiction pūnaewele' no ka mea ua hana nui ia ma ka noiʻi, akā e hoʻi au i ka nīnau no ka inoa o ka inoa.

Pehea ka mana o ka addiction Internet ma waena o nā haumāna? ʻO nā haʻawina ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ka hoʻopuka nui ʻana i nā koho like ʻole: ʻO ke aʻo ʻana ma Italia, no ka laʻana, ua loaʻa nā mea haʻahaʻa loa (0.8%) [1], ʻoiai he nui ka pae o ka prevalence a kiʻekiʻe e like me 18% i hōʻike ʻia ma ka UK.2]. ʻO kahi loiloi hou ma mua o nā haʻawina o 103 o ka hanana e ʻike ana ma luna o 12% o nā haumāna kāne a me 5% o nā haumāna wahine ma Kina i hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele.3]. Ua ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi pūnaewele ma mua o nā wahi i nā kulanui ma kahi o nā kamepiula a me nā labs kamepiula i loko o kahi maʻalahi; ʻike ʻia hoʻi i nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe a me ke kula waena. ʻO hoʻokahi hōʻike lōʻihi lōʻihi o Hong Kong kiʻekiʻe ‐ nā haumāna kula i hōʻike i ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana e like me ka 26.7% [4].

Ua ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi pūnaewele ma mua o nā wahi i nā kulanui ma kahi o nā kamepiula a me nā labs kamepiula i loko o kahi maʻalahi; ʻike ʻia hoʻi i nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe a me ke kula waena

ʻO kahi mea nui i ka ʻike i kēia mau māʻina palupalu nā nui he nui nā mea like i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi ai i ke ʻano hana hoʻomāliʻi [5]. Hoʻomaka ka hapanui o ka poʻe noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana hoʻohui pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loea screening scalening e hilinaʻi nei ma nā nīnau nīnau ninaninau i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumuhana patological mai nā kānaka maʻamau. Ua loiloi nā loiloi mua i nā loiloi no ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka lāʻau, no ka laʻana, ka mea e pili ana i nā kūlike e like me ka hoʻomanawanui, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka maʻi, hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea i loko o nā ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka wā i makemake ʻia, ka makemake mau ʻana no ka waiwai, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i kēia mau mana e hiki ai ke hoʻākāka i nā mea pili i ka Pūnaewele ma o ka wehe ʻana i ka 'Pūnaewele' no ka 'waiwai' i alakaʻi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona weliweli. No kekahi laʻana, ua ho'ākāka ka hana mua ma mua o ka "kamaʻilio nui" nui no ka nui o ka manawa ma ka Pūnaewele e loaʻa ai ka hauʻoli ", a" ʻoi ka nui o ka hopena me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka nui o ka manawa ma ka Pūnaewele "("http://www.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/Netzdienste/anleitung/wwwtips/8/addict.html).

Kuhi nā loiloi ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano o ka piliwaiwai pathological, i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo 'maʻi piliwaiwai' ma DSM-V, kahi like pū me ke ʻano o ka hana a mākou e ʻike ai i nā haumāna e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele pilikia. Hoʻololi hou nā ana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo 'Pūnaewele hoʻohana' no ka 'piliwaiwai'. ʻO kahi nīnau nīnau a Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire, ma kahi o ʻewalu ʻae - ai ʻole - mau mea i kiʻi pololei ʻia mai nā pae hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ai i nā mea piliwaiwai kūlohelohe. Nīnau kekahi nīnau: "Manaʻo ʻoe i ka hoʻomaha ʻole, huhū, kaumaha, a huhū paha ke hoʻāʻo e ʻoki a hoʻopau paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele?" Nīnau kekahi, "Ua wahaheʻe ʻoe i nā lālā o ka ʻohana, kauka, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e hūnā i ka nui o ke komo pū ʻana me ka Pūnaewele?" Ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia ana ʻana i kahi nīnau ninaninau he 20, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Internet Addiction Test (IAT) me kahi pālākiō ʻelima i hiki i nā kumuhana ke hōʻike i ka nui o kā lākou komo ʻana i nā lawena e hōʻike nei i ka ʻaʻa. No ka hapa nui o nā ana, ua hoʻokumu nā mea noiʻi i nā helu ʻoki no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea i pane ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohana pūnaewele maʻamau, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he addict i kekahi kekelē.

Me nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole — ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻike pono ʻana i nā ʻano like like ʻole, akā no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā loiloi i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki ke helu ʻia kekahi kanaka me ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi aʻoi aku kekahi ma muli o ka loiloi i hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ka hapa nui o nā nīnau i ka hala a me ka hoʻopunipuni nui ʻana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loulou no ka pilina ʻo 24 / 7. No ka laʻana, he nīnau ma ka IAT: "Ehia mau e hana hou ai i nā pilina i waena o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele pūnaewele?" ʻO kekahi e manaʻo ʻo ka pane pinepine ʻana i mea e hōʻike pinepine ai i kahi ola i ka nohona "ola" i kahi e hoʻonui ai ka haumāna iā ia. pūnaewele o nā makamaka a me nā mea maʻa ma o ka pūnaewele limahana. Paipai nui nā ʻohana he nui i kēia ʻano ʻoihana e kūkulu i ka pilina ma waena o nā haumāna i kōkua a kōkua iā lākou e pale i ka minamina. Ma kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai kahi ʻatikala o ka hoʻopili pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻoihana e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pūnaewele.

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka Pūnaewele i kahi mea a mākou e 'komo ai' no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, e noho ana ma mua o kahi kamepiula kamepiula 

Ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi mau noiʻi e loiloi i ka addiction wale nō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pūnaewele, akā pili nā haumāna i ka Pūnaewele i nā manawa āpau i kēia manawa, ma o Wi ‐ Fi a i ʻole kā lākou polokalamu kelepona kelepona. Ke paulele nui nei nā haumāna ma ka Pūnaewele e aʻo, heluhelu i ka lono, kamaʻilio a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi iā lākou iho. He multitask lākou i ke nānā ʻana i kahi pāʻani pāʻani a i ʻole (kaumaha) i ke papa. Ke nānā nei i ka TV, lākou 'multiscreen' a me tweet i kā lākou mau hoa e pili ana i ka hōʻike e nānā nei lākou a pau e nānā mai nā keʻena dorm a i ʻole nā ​​hale. A me Netflix, Hulu, a me nā Pūnaewele ʻAno ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka entertainment koi ʻoliʻoli, hiki paha lākou ma ka pūnaewele i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka Pūnaewele i kahi mea a mākou e 'komo ai' no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, e noho ana ma mua o kahi kamepiula kamepiula.

ʻAʻohe nīnau i lilo ka makahiki 21st i lilo i hilinaʻi nui loa i ka pilina o ke aʻo ʻana, e pāʻani ana, a e kamaʻilio pū ʻana a me ka pilina.

ʻO kahi wahi mālamalama no ka ulu ulu o ka noiʻi e hilinaʻi nei i kēia mau mea loiloi like ʻole o ka nui o nā ana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai lākou e hoʻohuli ai. A ʻike ʻia he ʻumikumamāhā mau mea kani i loaʻa ka paona nui o ka hapanui o lākou nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana paʻa e like me nā hiʻohiʻona nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele [6]. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia koʻikoʻi ke hāʻawi i nā helu kiʻekiʻe i nā haumāna o kēia lā e noho pūnaewele ana i ka hapa nui o ka lā a e hilinaʻi nei i nā pāpili kaiaulu e mālama a hoʻonui i kā lākou pūnaewele o nā hoa aloha. Ma kahi o nā ana ʻana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ʻike ai i ka poʻe e ʻike nei i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole makemake e "hele i waho o ka pūnaewele" akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kāohi iā lākou iho. Hōʻike pū ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻaelike e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pūnaewele a me ka ʻike maopopo o kāna mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻohe nīnau no ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻōpio 21st i ka hilinaʻi nui loa i ka pilina no ke aʻo ʻana, pāʻani, kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka launa ʻana. Loaʻa iā mākou āpau. Akā he kuhihewa ke kapa inoa inoa ʻole ʻana i kēia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻā, a ʻo ke koʻikoʻi ma nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻohana koʻikoʻi no laila he ʻokoʻa kōkua. 1).

ʻ Xlelo 1. He aha nā hana ʻimi e hoʻāʻo ai e ʻike i ka pili ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i nā hoʻohālikelike maoli? Hōʻike ka papa i nā hiʻona i ka iho ʻana o ka mana o ka manaʻo, me nā huahana loiloi.

He aha nā mea pilikia e pili ana i ka addiction pūnaewele i nā haumāna? ʻO ke kāne he hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina e ʻike i ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio makua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahine. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ke kaumaha, ka huhū a me ka paʻa ʻole o ka naʻau. I kekahi mau hihia, hōʻike ka poʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka Pūnaewele i nā kūlana comorbid, e like me ke kaumaha, nā hōʻailona obsessive-compulsive, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona. ʻAʻole maopopo i ka pili ʻana o kēia mau mea i ke kumu a me ka hopena. No ka laʻana, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokele impulse maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻohana pilikia ʻana i ka Pūnaewele me ka waiʻona a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ke kaumaha a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e alakaʻi i nā haumāna e pakele i loko o nā honua noʻonoʻo pūnaewele, kahi e loaʻa ai iā lākou ka mana ma luna o ko lākou ʻike pilikino a hiki iā lākou ke hana i kā lākou mau kanaka kūpono. ʻO ke kaumaha a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa paha ka hopena o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu i nā hana pūnaewele a kekahi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻelua. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau kumu like ʻole he paʻakikī a paʻakikī.

ʻO nā haʻawina mua e noiʻi ana i ka pili o ke ʻano neural a me ka chemistry e pili ana i ka addiction pūnaewele e hōʻike ana i kekahi o nā hopena i hopohopo. No ka laʻana, koi nā mea hoʻohana ponoʻī i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo i ka hopena i ka uku a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i ka naʻau. Hōʻike pū lākou i ka emi ʻana o nā palu hina hina i nā wahi he nui.7]. Hōʻike ka ʻike mai nā magnetaging resonance imaging hōʻike ʻōpio i nā ʻikepili me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pūnaewele i hōʻemi ʻia i ka hana noʻonoʻo utekino [8]. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻike ʻia kekahi haʻawina e hōʻemi ana i ka mānoanoa cortical ma ka ʻāina orbitofrontal i waena o nā keikikāne i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohui honua ma nā ʻano maʻamau.9]. Kūlike kekahi o kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka hana lolo a me nā neurochemistry me nā ʻokoʻa like i ʻike ʻia ma waena o ka poʻe i loaʻa nā ʻikika a me nā kaohi olakino. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano like i nā poʻe me nā pilikia piliwaiwai, ʻo ia kekahi kumu e hoʻākoakoa ʻia ai nā maʻi piliwaiwai ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa 'Substance ‐ related and Addictive Disorder' ma DSM-V. He mea hoʻowalewale ia i ke kuhiakau i kapa ʻia ʻo nā 'addtion behavioral' e kaʻana like i nā ʻano hana o ka lolo me nā maʻi addict e pili ana i nā mea. Inā hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea kūlike, lilo paha nā ʻanoʻaʻa kino i kumu hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi aʻe no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana hoʻopulapula ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano mea hoʻowaiwai, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pili i nā kemika ʻona i kumu i ko lākou hopena ponoʻī ma ka lolo a me ka lawena.

Hāʻawi i kēia mau mea hoʻohilahila āpau, ʻo ka ʻ'lelo 'addlelo Pūnaewele ʻIke Kuhihewa' ka hua kūpono? ʻOiai inā he mea ākea i kēia manawa, manaʻo ka poʻe he hewa hewa a haʻalele ʻia [10]. ʻO kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi ai ka upena i ka nui o nā hana, a ʻo ke kaiapuni ʻoi a me kāna mau ʻoihana lalo e hoʻomau ana a ulu. Ma kekahi mauʻano, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka poʻe i ʻike maka i ka Pūnaewele i ka mea ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka ʻaʻa kālā, no ka laʻana - ke hoʻohana wale nei lākou i ka ʻupena e like me ka mea e hoʻopuka ai. Ma nā hanana ʻē aʻe, loaʻa paha nā hana pūnaewele ma waho o ka pūnaewele, akā e kūlike ʻole i ka honua pūnaewele kahi e ʻike ai ka ʻoi o ka palekana o ka hele kino a me nā ʻike o kahi inoa ʻole. ʻO nā Cyberex a me nā cyberbullying he mau hoʻohālike. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻenehana pūnaewele he nui e alakaʻi i ka ʻano e ʻike ʻia.

Ma ka huaʻōlelo ʻ addlelo Pūnaewele ʻIke Pūnaewele 'Iā 1990, i ka wā i liʻiliʻi ai nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele a ua kaupalena ʻia nā koho ma ka maka, ka leka uila, nā kūkākūkā kūkākūkā a me nā hui Usenet, kekahi mau pāʻani, a me kekahi mau' ōlelo e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana. '(MUDs). A laila, ua hele ka pūnaewele 'ma o ka pūnaewele' ma o ke kāhea ʻana i kahi helu kelepona a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kā lākou kamepiula i kahi modem. ʻAʻole i noho ʻia ʻo Facebook, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kekahi o nā pāʻani pāʻani pūnaewele nui e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani (MMORPG) me nā miliona o nā mea hoʻohana a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻo 3D kiʻi. Nani nā kelepona hele a ʻaʻole pālahalaha, ʻaʻole hoʻi i waena o nā haumāna.

I kēia manawa, ʻike mākou i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele pilikia pilikia no nā kumu like ʻole. Hāʻawi kahi plethora o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele i ka nui o nā ʻike mai kahi hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona koi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana pilikia.11]. ʻIke paha nā mea hoʻopukapuka iā lākou iho e hoʻolilo i ka manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou i manaʻo ai ma Facebook, me ka koi ʻana i kēlā me kēia 15 min e ʻike i ka nui o nā 'makemake' i kā lākou pou hou loa i loaʻa. No ka poʻe me ke kakaka narcissistic, lilo paha ʻo Facebook a me Twitter i mau manawa cavernous i ka wā e hoʻonui mau nei lākou i kā lākou pūnaewele me nā kiʻi a me nā manaʻo 'selfie', a e ʻimi nei e hoʻonui i kā lākou mea e ulu nei. Hiki i ka hopohopo pilikanaka ke lilo i mea hoʻokele no ka hoʻohana pūnaewele nui. ʻO ka makaʻu o ka nalo ʻana —'FOMO '- hiki ke lilo i kumu kumu no ka nānā ʻana o kekahi mau haumāna i kā lākou nohona pāpaho i nā haneli mau manawa, i ke ao a me ka pō. ʻOiai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻo Facebook pinepine i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā manaʻo o ke olakino maikaʻi i nā ʻōpio, ma mua o ka pili ʻana a me ka hopohopo ʻole o ka nohona.12].

No ka poʻe me ka piko o ka narcissistic, e lilo paha ka Facebook a me Twitter i ka manawa a me ka panakike i ka wā e hoʻonui mau nei lākou i ko lākou pūnaewele me nā kiʻi 'selfie' a me nā manaʻo.

ʻO ke pāʻani kekahi kumu nui loa no ka poʻe ʻōpio ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma nā loiloi addiction pūnaewele. I ka mea ʻoiai, ʻo ka DSM ‐ V ʻaʻole i komo i ka 'addiction disorder pūnaewele', ua hoʻohui ia i ka 'Internet gaming disorder' i mea e pono ai ke aʻo hou aʻe i ka Pauku III. Nui nā haʻawina e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohālikelike i ka laulā a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pili i ka pili ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i ka wā e wehewehe nei i kahi wai o nā poʻe ʻōpio i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e nā mea hana maalea, he ʻano ʻē aʻe kona mau ʻano, ma ka hoʻohālike, nā narcissists ma Facebook. ʻO nā noiʻi e noiʻi pono ana i nā mea hoʻokūkū pono e loaʻa nā mea e like me ke kaawale, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka huhū, ka huhū, a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻimi e ʻimi nei.13]. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keikikāne i hōʻike ʻia me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike i nā haʻawina a manaʻo ʻia o ka hana naʻau i laila ma muli o ka pāʻani.

Ke hele mai nei nā pāʻani ma nā ʻano like ʻole, akā, a me nā poʻe i lilo i ʻāpana i hoʻokahi ʻano o nā pāʻani, he ʻano like ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike i ka poʻe e pāʻani nei i kekahi mea paʻakikī. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau pāʻani i nā makana lahui ma mua o ka hoʻonāukiuki, hoʻokūkū, a me ka haku. ʻO ka pāʻani ʻana iā Farmville me nā hoaaloha o Facebook, no ka laʻana, he nui ka makana makana ‐ hāʻawi a me ka hui ʻana; nā hana e kōkua ai e mālama i ka pilina pili. Hui ka poʻe i ka hana ‐ ke pāʻani i ka simulation e kapa ʻia nei he Second Life no nā kumu kaiāulu. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo 'Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele' hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ka hūnū no ka mea ke pāʻani nei nā kānaka i nā pāʻani ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka ʻole o ka pilina pūnaewele.

ʻO kahi hana pūnaewele ʻenehana e awkwardly i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i nā kelepona kelepona: ʻo ka huaʻōlelo 'kelepona i ke kelepona hele' i kekahi manawa e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hanana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loiloi maʻamau e loiloi i ka pili ʻana i ka Pūnaewele ua hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka polokalamu kelepona hoʻohana ʻia, no laila ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā loiloi hou me nā mea e like me "Ke hoʻohana ʻana i kaʻu kelepona i ka pō e hoʻohaumia ai i kaʻu hiamoe", a i ʻole "e hoʻāʻo wau e hūnā i kaʻu hoʻohana kelepona paʻalima" . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā kelepona kelepona, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, e hāʻawi i kahi komo i nā Pūnaewele pūnaewele me ka leo a me nā kelepona leo leo, ka memo leo, nā wikiō, a me nā mauʻohana he nui ʻole o nā hana e hoʻolālā i koho ʻia no nā pā liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, hoʻohui lākou i kahi dimension hou no ka mea e loaʻa mau ana lākou, ʻaʻole e like me ka pākaukau a i ʻole he ʻona kamepiula.

Hoʻohana nā haumāna i nā kelepona kelepona ʻoiai e hele ana i ka papa, e holo ana ma ke kaʻaahi, a e kali ana no ke alualu ʻana. Kuhi 'ia kēia mau pahu manawa' i hiki i nā poʻe ke komo i loko o kahi 'ano o ka hana pūnaewele hana ʻole ʻia. He mea maikaʻi nui kēia no nā kumu e makemake i ka leʻaleʻa e aʻo ai i ka holomua o nā haumāna. Akā hiki ke nānā pono i ka nānā ʻana i ka papa hana lima e pili ai i ka helehelena ‐ i ‐ maka a me ka hopena o ka hana haʻawina.

Hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana lima kelepona hoʻohana i ka palena, akā ua ʻike maoli ʻia e ke ʻano ka manaʻo. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano noiʻi o nā wahine o ke kulanui o Taiwan, ʻo nā haumāna i helu kiʻekiʻe i ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke ʻano he pili kelepona nui i hōʻike ʻia i ke keu aku a me ka hopohopo, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻaheo.14]. ʻIke ʻia nā wahine ma mua o nā hoʻohana kelepona nui ʻia ma mua o nā kāne.

ʻO kahi mea nui o nā kelepona nui paha e lilo i mea waiwai nui e hāpai i ka hana pilikia e pili ana i ka paʻi ʻana i ka leo, a kū hoʻokahi a ma o ka Twitter a me nā lawelawe like. Ua ʻōlelo mai nā koho balota hou e neʻe nei i ka Facebook, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ko lākou mau mākua a me nā mākua i nā moʻokāki a noi ʻia e 'aloha', a e huli ana iā Twitter.15]. Ke ulu nui nei kēia ʻano a me ka loli, me ka hoʻohui hou o nā lawelawe e like me Vine, e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke hana i nā wikiō ʻelua eono e kaʻana me nā mea hahai.

ʻO nā pūnaewele pūnaewele maʻamau ka hapanui o ka huki mua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūnaewele pilikia no ka mea, a like me ka pili pono. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā hui pāʻani pūnaewele e hoʻolimalima i nā kānaka ʻepekema ma luna o ka ʻikepili nui 'i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ma ka helu ʻana i nā miliona o nā mea pāʻani e komo ai e pepehi i nā pōneki, kūʻai aku i nā waiwai virtual a hui pū me nā avatars ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻokomo pū nā ʻoihana pūnaewele hoʻomau i nā waiwai nui i ka lāʻau paʻa no ka mea ʻo kā lākou mau ʻoihana e hilinaʻi nei i ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻikepili i ka hanana o ka mea hoʻohana e kaʻana aku i nā mea hoʻolaha no ka kūʻai waiwai ʻana.

Ma kahi o nā kāpili i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka hoʻohana pilikia pūnaewele, ʻike ʻia ka māhuahua nui o ka hopohopo. E nānā ana ka poʻe hoʻonaʻauao unuhi kula a me nā limahana olakino e pili ana i ke kōkua ʻana o nā haumāna i ko lākou manawa ma ka pūnaewele, a ʻo nā mākua hūnā ʻole e ʻimi nei i ke kōkua ʻoihana. E wehe ana nā wahi maʻi ma nā wahi a puni ka China, South Korea, Taiwan, USA, Netherlands a me UK. Hoʻololi nā ala lapaʻau, mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai me ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e hana pono ai e mālama i nā kūlana e like me ADHD a i ʻole ke kaumaha;16]. Hoʻohana ākea ka nānā ʻana i nā hana no ka mea he nui nā mea maʻi e komo i loko o ko lākou punaewele pūnaewele makemake ʻia no ka lōʻihi mamao aʻe ma mua o ko lākou maopopo ʻana, ke hoʻomohala nei lākou i ka 'kahawai' a me ka manawa o ka lele o nā manawa. Nā kī Alarm a me ke kau pahuhopu kikoʻī no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele e hoʻohiki ʻia nā mea hana hoʻohiki. E like me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻolālā e pili ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūnaewele i ʻoi aku i ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi ākea, ke hilinaʻi nei nā kauka i nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka nele o kekahi kumu noiʻi ikaika no ka mālama ʻana i ka 'addiction pūnaewele'. no kēlā me kēia [17].

ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka loli ma ka Pūnaewele no nā ʻano lāʻau hoʻokolohua e hoʻomalu ʻia ana e hōʻeha ai i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Akā e hiki i nā mea ʻoihana loea kiʻekiʻe ke hele i loko e hāʻawi i nā mea hana hou. Hoʻokahi kahi kelepona kelepona ākea, e hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā hana no ka ʻ‐ i kapa ʻia ʻo 'nomophobia' — ka makaʻu i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā kelepona kelepona (e lawe ʻia mai ka inoa mai kelepona NO MObile). Hōʻike ka papa hōʻike i nā helu helu a me nā pakuhi e hōʻike ana i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i waena o kēlā me kēia nānā o kāu papaki.

E nānā ana ka poʻe hoʻonaʻauao unuhi kula a me nā limahana olakino e pili ana i ke kōkua ʻana o nā haumāna i ko lākou manawa ma ka pūnaewele, a ʻo nā mākua hūnā ʻole e ʻimi nei i ke kōkua ʻoihana

Me ka hoʻohui o nā pilina, a ke hoʻomau nei nā hana i ka pūnaewele, ke hele nei ka poʻe ʻōpio a nui ka manawa o ka pūnaewele - ka aʻo, aʻo, ʻike, kamaʻilio ʻana, a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole kēlā he pilikia ia, akā no ka mea liʻiliʻi, he lihilihi paha ke hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano ʻona a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻonaninani no ka lawena pili ʻana. Hoʻohālike i ka pāʻani, ʻo kekahi mau pūnaewele pūnaewele e hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohui pono ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike hāmeʻa, nā paʻahana hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika ʻia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o nā mīkini mīkini e mālama i kahi pane pane kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomau, a hana ka nui o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele i ka mea like. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka papa hana uku paha hoʻokahi kumu e nānā i nā poʻe ʻōpio i kā lākou mau kelepona maʻamau no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kūlana i nā leka a i ʻole nā ​​leka mua. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo kūpono i loko o ka 'ōlelo hoʻoili pūnaewele', akāʻo ka pilikia ka mea maoli a me kēlā mau haumāna i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokele i kā lākou mau hana pūnaewele, e hāʻule ana nā māka a me ko lākou mau pilina me nā hoaaloha a me ka ʻohana, e pono nō ke kōkua.

Nāʻaoʻao hemahema

  • Hōʻike ka mea kākau mea ʻaʻole kū'ē o ia.

E hoʻomaopopo '

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