ʻO Ola Ola Ola. 2019 Jan;64(1):5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.010.
Ka Mō'ī DL1, ʻO ka Potenza MN2.
PMID: 30579437
DOI:10.1016 / j.jadohealth.2018.10.010
ʻO ka poʻe'ōpiopio i waena o nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i ka leʻaleʻa pūnaewele wikiō, e pili ana i nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā hana ma ka pūnaewele (eg, live streaming, e hoʻolaha ʻia ana ʻo eSports). Hōʻike nā hōʻike noiʻi honua i ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio e hōʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani o ka makahiki i hala ma waena o nā ʻano o nā polokalamu, me ka kamepiula ponoʻī pilikino, nā kamepiula lii, nā ʻōpio, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana aʻe i ka ʻike o ka ʻepekema ʻoihana nui, 1, 2, 3]. I ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pāʻani ma waena o nā ʻōpio i nā makahiki he ʻekolu i hala iho nei, akā ʻo nā kāne. O ka Generation M2 ke aʻo ʻana i United States, no ka laʻana, hōʻike i ka maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i waena o nā kānaka, ʻo 8-18 mau makahiki, hoʻonui ʻia mai 24 a 73 mau minuke ma waena o 2004 a me 2009 [4]. ʻO nā hōʻike o Ausetalia hou e hōʻike nei e pāʻani ana nā kāne ʻōpio 15 – 24 i ke pāʻani no ka awelika o 155 min / lā [5] a me 4.1% kāne kāne 11-17 mau makahiki ke pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani no nā hola 9 a ʻoi aku paha ma ka awatea maʻamau [6]. No nā keiki he nui a me nā ʻōpio, hiki ke hoʻolilo wikiwiki i ka pāʻani mai kahi leʻaleʻa i kahi hana i paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hōʻemi, a hele ʻole ʻole, a pau no ka manawa ʻole. ʻO ke piʻi nui aʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā pāʻani wikiō ma waena o nā ʻōpio, ua pili ʻia i ka manaʻo e ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻē aʻe i kahi huahana leʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe ka hoʻolako ʻana i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa / haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hana a me ka haʻalulu, holomua a me ka hoʻokō, ka pilina pili ʻana, a me hōʻike kūʻokoʻa
ʻOiai he nui ka poʻe ʻōpio e pāʻani i nā pāʻani i ke kaulike, ʻaʻole leʻaleʻa ke pāʻani ʻana i nā manawa āpau a i ʻole he alualu ʻino ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia he mau makahiki he umi mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana i kekahi mau ʻōpio i komo i ka hana pāʻani mau, ma ka manawaleʻa a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka olakino psychological [1, 7, 8]. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, manaʻo paha nā mea pāʻani ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi a kū i kā lākou pāʻani pāʻani me ka ʻole o ka mana kūwaho a i ʻole ke kōkua. Loaʻa paha nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka lawehala pāʻani nui ʻana, keu hoʻi i ka wā i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi manawa lōʻihi (e laʻa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau mahina), e like me ka haʻalele ʻana o ke kula, ka hakakā ʻana o ka ʻohana, ke olakino olakino noʻonoʻo ʻole, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale kaiapili. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i kēia mau hanana a me ka pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pilikia olakino e hoʻomohala i nā pane olakino lehulehu, ua hoʻokomo ka World Health Organization (WHO) [9] i ka "Hazardous gaming" (QE22) a me "Gaming Gaming" (6C51) i kāna hoʻoponopono hou loa o ka International. Hoʻokaʻina o nā maʻi (ICD-11).
Ua manaʻo kekahi mau mea haʻi'ōlelo ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka papa inoa pāʻani ICD-11 e ka WHO no ka pane ʻana i ka "kaomi politika" i hoʻokau ʻia e kekahi mau ʻāina ʻĀsia [10]. ʻOiai ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia ʻike i kekahi manawa i ka pāpāho, a ʻo kēlā mau ʻepekema e hōʻike nei i nā manaʻo kūʻē i ka maʻi pāʻani ICD-11 i loaʻa ka hoʻolaha ʻana mai ka ʻoihana pāʻani honua [11], ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka "gaming gaming" i ka pane ʻana i ka kaomi politika. he ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole [10]. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Saunders et al. [12] lāua ʻo Rumpf et al. [13] (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua mau pepa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā hui o nā mea noiʻi a me nā kauka i hele i nā hālāwai o ka WHO a kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka ICD-11), ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā papa hana ICD-11 e kahi kaʻina kūkā kūkākūkā no nā makahiki he nui e pili ana i ka loiloi koʻikoʻi o ka ʻepekema. a me nā hōʻike hōʻoia. ʻO nā hālāwai loea o ka WHO — e pili ana i nā poʻe loea he 66 mai nā ʻāina he 25 a mālama ʻia ma Tokyo, Iāpana (2014), Seoul, Kōlea Hema (2015), Hong Kong, Kina (2016), a me Istanbul, Turkey (2017) - i hāʻawi i ke kumu kūpono a me ka hoʻāpono. no ka ʻōlelo paipai e hoʻokomo i ka maʻi pāʻani i ka ICD-11 [9]. ʻO ke kākoʻo no ka maʻi pāʻani e pili ana i nā hōʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e nā poʻe loea mai psychiatry, psychology clinical, lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko, hana ʻohana, hoʻopaʻa keiki, epidemiology, neurobiology, olakino lehulehu, a me nā kāʻei ʻē aʻe [14].
Me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻia o ka maʻi pāʻani, lana ka manaʻo e kākoʻo koke ʻia ka hana nui e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, e like me ka nui o ke kālā no ka noiʻi epidemiological, neurobiological, a me intervened-based, e lawelawe hope loa i nā pono o kēlā me kēia mea e pono ai ke kōkua no ka pāʻani ʻana. -nā pilikia pili [15, 16]. E hoʻomau ka kūkā kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi o nā hoʻohālikelike pili i ka pāʻani ma waena o ke ʻano o nā ʻano lawena a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke aʻo ʻana, a me ka pōʻaiapili o nā hālāwai o WHO. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hālāwai o ka WHO ma 2014 (i hāpai ʻia me ka laulā e noʻonoʻo ai "i nā hopena olakino lehulehu o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele, nā kamepiula, nā kelepona, a me nā hāmeʻa like" a ʻaʻole wale i nā pāʻani wikiō wale nō). kōkua i ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana no nā noiʻi noiʻi a me nā hoʻomohala ākea (e laʻa me nā hana hou o nā ʻoihana, nā mea pili i ke kulekele, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe) e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻike hou a me nā noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka ICD-11 [17, 18]. ʻO kekahi kumuhana e like me ka noʻonoʻo hou ʻana, no ka laʻana, ka hui ʻana o nā pāʻani a me nā hana pāʻani kālā [19, 20], he hanana ākea ia e hoʻopuni ana i nā huahana pāʻani keu pāʻani pāʻani (e laʻa, "pili kālā ʻili" a me ka pili ʻana ma nā hoʻokūkū eSports) a me nā hoʻolaha (e laʻa, nā hoʻolaha kaiaola ola no ka piliwaiwai ʻili) e hoʻopiʻi paha i nā ʻōpio [21]. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ʻo Convergence i ka monetization o kekahi ʻano o ka ʻike i loko o ka pāʻani (e laʻa, "pahu loot") [22, 23] i hoʻoholo nei e lilo i ka piliwaiwai kū kānāwai ʻole i nā mana he nui (Pelekiuma, a me nā Netherlands). ʻO ke keʻa ma waena o ka pāʻani ʻana a me nā ʻano hana hoʻomāinoino e pili ana (e laʻa me ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala pūnaewele. (24C6) i ICD-72 [11].
E loli paha nā kūlana olakino e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻenehana ʻenehana loea, e like me ka pāʻani pūnaewele, no ka mea ke koi nei kēia mau hana i nā mea pāʻani hou a hāʻawi i nā ʻike hou no nā mea hoʻohana. Hāʻawi ʻia nā pāʻani pūnaewele me nā hana ʻē aʻe i kahi kaiaolaola pūnaewele like (e laʻa me ka pāʻani ʻana i ka nūhou e pili ana i nā pāʻani, ka pāpili kaiaulu, nā podcast, ke kahe ola ʻana, a me nā eSports), pono e hōʻoia i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka haukapila, ka nānā ʻana, a kū mau nā mea hana me nā hana i hana mau ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā mea hoʻohana. ʻOiai ua lilo ia i ʻae kaiāulu e mālama ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana ma ka pūnaewele, he lawa nā hōʻike e kākoʻo ai i ka manaʻo e hana ʻino nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā pā uila uila ʻē aʻe, a e hōʻike maoli ʻia ka pāʻani ʻana. ma ke ʻano he maʻi hōʻeha, keu hoʻi i waena o nā ʻōpio. ʻAʻole pono e nānā ʻole ʻia kēia mau hōʻike e hoʻomau i ka ʻike o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papaho kikohoʻe āpau, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole, hoʻonui i ka ola o ka poʻe. Pono nā hana kūpono i ke kulekele, ka pale ʻana, a me nā wahi lapaʻau ma nā wahi āpau i mea e pale aku ai i ke olakino lehulehu, keu hoʻi e pili ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ulu palekana a me ke olakino mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ma o ka ʻōpio a hiki i ka makua.
Pūnaewai kālā
Ua loaʻa i kēia hana nā kālā kālā mai kahi Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) DE170101198 kālā a nā Australian Research Council (ARC). Kākoʻo ʻia ʻo MNP e kahi ʻāpana Center o ke Kūkākūkā ma ka Pūnaewele ʻIlepili mai ka National Center for gaming Responsible, ka Council Connecticut e pili ana i ka pāʻani ʻana i ka pilikia Gambling a me ka ʻoihana Hoʻolaka ʻo Connecticut o ka Pūnaewele Mental and Addiction.
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