Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo he nui i mea e wehewehe pono ai i ke ʻano o ka moekolohe, me ka moekolohe, ka lawehala, ka hoʻohui ʻana, nā hana kolohe, a me ka hana kolohe. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka hana "ʻaʻole i pau" i ka moe kolohe e like me ke "ʻano hakakā," me he mea hoʻohālikelike a i ʻole he luhi kuhi (ʻO Bőthe, Bartók, et al., 2018; ʻO Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018; Carnes, 1983, 1991; ʻO Fuss et al., 2019; ʻO Gola & Potenza, 2018; Grant et al., 2014; Griffiths, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017; ʻO Stein, 2008; ʻO Stein, ʻEleʻele, & Pienaar, 2000). Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ke kākoʻo ʻepekema no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kūlana i nā manual diagnostic, aia nō hoʻi ke kākoʻo nui me kēia, e pili ana i ka huli ʻana i ka pathologizing o ka moe kolohe ma muli o ka hoʻomana, ka hoʻomana ʻana, a i ʻole nā ʻano sex.ʻO Fuss et al., 2019; ʻO Klein, Briken, Schröder, & Fuss, ma ka paʻi). ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke koho no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻi hypersexual i ka pae lima o ka Ka Papa Hana Hoʻonaʻauao a me Heluhelu o nā Mino Lō (DSM-5; Kafka, 2010) ua hōʻole ʻia e ka American Psychiatric Association (APA) papa kiaʻi (Kafka, 2014). Ke komo ʻana i ka hana hoʻokaumaha hoʻokūkū paʻa (CSBD) i mea hoʻonaninani o ka kohi ʻeha ʻana i ka mana o ka 11th i ka pane ʻana o ka ʻO ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi pili pili (ICD-11) no ka ratification mana ma 2019 (Kraus et al., 2018).
ʻO ka hapa ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka maʻi, ka nele o nā hana mana hoʻonaninani pono ʻole, a me ka nele o kahi mea hōʻoia hōʻoia loiloi, ua liʻiliʻi ʻia nā noiʻi epidemiological nui ma CSBD. Ma kēia ʻatikala, pili mākou i ka CSBD i kahi kūlana i hōʻike ʻia e ke ʻano mau o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokipa i ka paʻakikī, a me ka manawa i hana ʻia ai ka hopena a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka moekolohe. ka hoʻonaʻauao, nā hana hoʻonaʻauao, a i ʻole nā wahi koʻikoʻi o ka hana (Kraus et al., 2018). Ua manaʻo 'ia ka 5% -6% o ka lehulehu heluna e pili i ka hopena o ka maʻi (Carnes, 1991; ʻO Coleman, 1992); akā naʻe, loaʻa i kahi loiloi kumuhana hope loa ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka paʻakikī e kaohi i nā manaʻo moe hewa, koi, a me nā ʻano i ke US.ʻO Dickenson, Coleman, & Miner, 2018). He mea nui, ʻo kēia mau manaʻo prevalence paha he overestimation ma muli o ka nele o ka noiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mana kūpono a me ka hoʻokō ʻia.Klein, Rettenberger, & Briken, 2014).
ʻO nā maʻi me ka CSBD e hōʻike pinepine nei i nā hana hoʻohālikelike, nā pilikia hoʻokaumaha, a me ka hoʻohana mea (ʻO Derbyshire & Grant, 2015). Hiki paha i ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau comorbidities ke kōkua maikaʻi loa i ka ʻono ʻana o ka moe kolohe o ke ʻano e like me ka koi ʻana, ka impulsivity, a i ʻole he ʻano hoʻohui. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou ʻana i ka impulsivity a me ka compulsivity e pili ana i nā "ʻano hana" ma waho o ke kaohi.ʻO Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018). Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka "hoʻomau" a me ka hana paʻa.Carnes, 1983, 1991; ʻO Coleman, 1991; ʻO Stein, 2008) no ka mea e hōʻike ʻia ana nā mea ʻelua e ka repetitiveness a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻāla, a hele i ka manaʻo e hoʻokuʻu i ka wā o ka hoʻokō. ʻO ke ʻano iho, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo paʻa Ua hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi hana moe kino no ka "hana maʻa o ka hana" i hana i ka pōpilikia me ka pilikia a me nā pilikia ma ka hana ʻana no ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018). Eia nō naʻe, aia nā hana liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokalakupua ʻōnaehana o CSBD i ka maʻi obsitive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ka hana hoʻokūkū paradigmatic. Ma kēia noiʻi, pili mākou i ka comorbidity o CSBD a me OCD. ʻOiai ke ākea mua o ka OCD ma mua o nā loiloi a me nā maʻi lēkaʻi o ka poʻe me ka hana ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike me ka nui o ka pae ʻana mai ka 2.3% a i 14% (ʻEleʻele, Kehrberg, Flumerfelt, & Schlosser, 1997; de Tubino Scanavino et al., 2013; Morgenstern et al., 2011; Raymond, Coleman, & Miner, 2003), ʻo ia ka noiʻi mua e loiloi i ka palua o ka CSBD i nā maʻi OCD a me nā mea e pili ana i ka sociodemographic a me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻi. E hoʻohana nui ʻia kēlā mau ʻike a hiki ke kōkua ʻia paha i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o CSBD.
Ua loaʻa i nā mea maʻi o nā pākeke me OCD i waena o Ianuali 2000 a me Dekemaba 2017. No ka lawaiʻa, pono i nā mea maʻi e hālāwai me ke kolu o ka papa o DSM (DSM-IV; APA, 2000) nā mākau no ka maʻi maʻamau o OCD ma ka Kūkākūkā haumania i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka Diagnostic a me ka heluheluheluhelu o ka maʻi noʻonoʻo. (SCID-I / P; ʻO ka mua, Spitzer, Gobbon, & Williams, 1998). ʻO kahi moʻaukala o ka psychosis kahi hōʻike i waiho ʻia. ʻO kahi psychologist psychologist a i ʻole kahi mea ola olakino noʻonoʻo me ka loea OCD i nīnauele ʻia i nā mea maʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia mai nā ʻano kumuwaiwai (e like me, ʻo ka hui ʻo OCD o ʻApelika Hema a me nā limahana mālama kaiāulu.
ʻO ka hālāwai ninaninau semi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā nīnau ma nā kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka ikehu data e pili ana i ka wā o kēia manawa, ka lāhui a me ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o OCD ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, me ka ʻuhane, ke hopohopo, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i koho ʻia, koho ʻia i kahi somatoform, a me nā kīnā ʻai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻikepili i loaʻa me ka SCID-I / P. ʻO keʻano, ka Nānā Kūleʻa Kūʻē i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā maʻi o ka Spectrum Spulsrum (OCSDs) (SCID-OCSD; du Toit, van Kradenburg, Niehaus, & Stein, 2001) i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻoia i nā OCSD putative, i hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka maʻi o Tourette a me nā maʻi maʻi impulse DSM-IV [ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Tourette's Syndrome, kūʻai ikaika ʻana, piliwaiwai pathological, kleptomania, pyromania, maʻi pōkā intermittent (IED), hana hōʻeha ponoʻī, a me CSBD ]. Ua ʻike ʻia ka CSBD o kēia wā i ka manawa i hui ai nā mea komo i nā pae hoʻohālikelike aʻe - ua ʻike ʻia ka CSBD i ke ola ʻana i ka wā i hui ai nā mea komo i nā pae hoʻohālikelike āpau i ka wā i hala a me / ai ʻole.
| - | Ma kahi o ka liʻiliʻi o 6 mau mahina, kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu i ka hana, a me ka moe kolohe wahine moe kolohe, hana hoʻomalu, a i ʻole nā ʻano hana i hāʻule ʻole ma lalo o ka wehewehe o ka paraphilia. | ||||
| - | ʻO nā moemoeā, hoʻonāukiuki, a i ʻole e hoʻonaninani paha i nā pilikia nui i ka hōʻeha a i ʻole ke hōʻino ʻia i loko o ka nohona, hana, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hana. | ||||
| - | ʻAʻole i helu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli e kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, episode manic, maʻi delusional: subotype erotomanic). | ||||
| - | ʻAʻole nā hōʻailona ma muli o nā hopena physiological pololei o kahi mea (e laʻa me ka lāʻau hoʻomāinoino a i ʻole ka lāʻau) a i ʻole ke ʻano olakino maʻamau. | ||||
ka Yale – Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) hōʻailona papa inoa a me ka nui o ka helu hōʻemi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka typology a me ke kaumaha o nā hōʻailona obsessive-compulsive (Goodman, Kumukūʻai, Rasmussen, Mazure, Delgado, et al., 1989; Goodman, Kumukūʻai, Rasmussen, Mazure, Fleischmann, et al., 1989).
Ua lawe ʻia nā loiloi Univariate ma ke hoʻohana ʻana iā IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). χ2 a me nā hoʻāʻo kikoʻī a Fisher, e like me ka mea kūpono, i hana ʻia e hoʻohālikelike i nā helu prevalence o ka OCSD, me CSBD, ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine me ka OCD a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā helu o nā comorbidities āpau i loiloi ʻia i ka wā e ninaninau ʻia ai (ie, Tourette's Syndrome, hypochondriasis, dependant dependant, ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lāʻau, ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona, ka hōʻino ʻana i ka waiʻona, ka maʻi depressive nui, ka maʻi dysthymic, ka maʻi bipolar, ke kūʻai koʻikoʻi, ka pāʻani pila, kleptomania, pyromania, IED, ka maʻi panic me ka agoraphobia, ka maʻi panic me ka ʻole agoraphobia, agoraphobia me ka ʻole o ka moʻolelo panic, social phobia, phobia kikoʻī, pilikia ma hope o ka traumatic stress, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, a me nā hana hōʻeha ponoʻī) ma waena o nā maʻi OCD me ka ʻole o CSBD. Haumāna tUa hana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike i ka makahiki, makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o OCD, a me ka helu YBOCS ma waena o nā mea maʻi OCD me a ʻole CSBD. Ua kau ʻia ka manaʻo helu helu p <.05.
ʻO nā kaʻina loiloi i hana ʻia e like me ka Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Helsinki. Ua ʻae ke papa kūkā o ke keʻena no ke kula nui o Stellenbosch (Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee Reference 99 / 013). Hōʻike ʻia nā kumuhana āpau e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana a ua ʻae ʻia nā manaʻo a pau.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi makua makua ʻo ka OCD (N = 539; 260 kāne a me 279 wahine), me nā makahiki i waena o 18 a me 75 makahiki (mean = 34.8, SD = 11.8 mau makahiki), komo i kēia hoʻopaʻa. ʻO ka laha ola o CSBD he 5.6% (n = 30) i nā mea maʻi me ka OCD o kēia manawa. I nā kāne maʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ke ola i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea maʻi wahine [χ2(1) = 10.3, p = .001; Pākaukau 1]. Ka hapanui, 3.3% (n = 18) o ka hāpana hōʻike CSBD o kēia manawa. Eia hou, ua kiʻekiʻe loa kēia i nā kāne ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea maʻi wahine [χ2(1) = 6.5, p = .011; Pākaukau 1].
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1 Pūnaewele. ʻO ka hala o ke ola a me nā pā o ka wā o ka CSBD i kēia manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi me ka OCD e ola ana.
| Hoʻohālikelike i ke ola huakaʻi [n (%)] | Nā maʻi maʻi ʻānō [n (%)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a pau | kanaka | na wahine | a pau | kanaka | na wahine | |
| CSBD | 30 (5.6) | 23 (8.8) | 7 (2.5) | 18 (3.3) | 14 (5.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| ʻO Pyromania | 4 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Kleptomania | 22 (4.1) | 8 (3.1) | 14 (5.0) | 10 (1.9) | 2 (0.8) | 8 (2.9) |
| IED | 70 (13.0) | 37 (14.2) | 33 (11.8) | 40 (7.4) | 20 (7.7) | 20 (7.2) |
| ʻO ka pāʻani pila | 5 (0.9) | 5 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CSBD: ka hana moepono e koi ai; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; IED: mūmūahi hanohano.
ʻO CSBD ka lua o ka lehulehu o ka maʻi impulse-control control i nānā ʻia ma kēia cohort o nā mea maʻi me OCD ma hope o ka IED. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka maʻi hoʻokuʻi e hoʻokūkū a me ka papaʻa pathological (kahi i kahakaha ʻia i ka maʻi o Impulse Control i ICD-11) i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālikelike i nā mea maʻi OCD me ka ʻole o CSBD, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea maʻi OCD me CSBD ka hoʻohālikelike i ka makahiki, ʻo ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o OCD, ʻo ka helu YBOCS i kēia manawa, a me kahi hoʻonaʻauao hoʻohālikelike a me ka ʻōnaehana (Pepa 2).
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2 Pūnaewele. Nā Demograpics a me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻi o nā mea maʻi OCD me a ʻaʻole CSBD
| ʻO nā mea maʻi me CSBD [n = 30 (5.6%)] | ʻO nā mea maʻi ʻole CSBD [n = 509 (94.4%)] | χ2/t | p waiwai | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Makahiki (mean ± SD; mau makahiki) | 33.9 ± 9.8 | 34.8 ± 11.9 | 0.4 | .7 |
| ʻO ka makahiki hoʻomaka o OCD (mean ± SD; mau makahiki) | 15.5 ± 7.6 | 17.5 ± 9.9 | 1.1 | .3 |
| Helu helu YBOCS (mean ± SD) | 21.4 ± 8.0 | 20.7 ± 7.3 | -0.4 | .7 |
| ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻonaʻauao [n (%)] | ||||
| ʻO ke aʻo kula wale nō | 15 (50%) | 212 (42%) | 0.8 | .4 |
| ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana ma hope o ke kula | 15 (50%) | 297 (58%) |
Kākau. SD: ʻōleʻa kūlike; CSBD: ka hana moepono e koi ai; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; YBOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.
ʻO ka uku nui no ka maʻi comorbid i nā maʻi me ka ʻole o kahi ola CSBD i hōʻike ʻia i ka Papa 3. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻokoʻa ʻo Tourette, hypochondriasis, kleptomania, bipolar disorder, compulsive shopping, IED, a me dysthymia he odds ratio ma luna o 3 me kahi kikowaena hilinaʻi ma luna o 1.
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3 Pūnaewele. Hoʻopilikia nā hanana maʻamau i nā maʻi comorbid i nā mea maʻi OCD me a ʻaʻole CSBD
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CSBD: ka hana moepono e koi ai; IED: papahū intermittent explosion; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; CI: kikowaena hilinaʻi.
aKe nalowale ana i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā kumukūʻai prevalence.
Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua makemake mākou i ka prevalence a me nā kūlana sociodemographic a me nā mana o ka CSBD i nā maʻi me nā OCD. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike mākou ua loaʻa ka 3.3% o nā maʻi me ka OCD o CSBD i kēia manawa a ʻo 5.6% e ola nei i CSBD, me ka nui o ka kiʻekiʻe o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka lua, ʻike mākou i nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻano like ʻole me ke ʻano, obsitive-compulsive, and impulse-control control, he maʻamau loa i nā mea maʻi OCD me CSBD ma mua o nā mea ʻole CSBD, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā maʻi like ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me nā mea hoʻohālike.
ʻO nā manaʻo makamua o ka helu prevalence o CSBD i hoʻolako ʻia e Carnes (1991) a ʻo Koleman (1992) manaʻo e hōʻemi a hiki i 6% o ka poʻe mai ka lehulehu ākea e loaʻa i ka hana moekolohe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo ka pehea i loaʻa ai kēia mau manaʻo.Black, 2000), ma hope mau noiʻi epidemiological i hōʻoia e koi ʻia ka moekolohe, a me ka nui o ka masturbation frequency, hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn, ʻo ka nui o nā kāne kolohe, a me nā hanana extramarital, he maʻamau i ka lehulehu.Dickenson et al., 2018). ʻO ko mākou mau ʻike i ka pae pākani o CSBD ma OCD i like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā poʻe ma ka lehulehu (Langstrom & Hanson, 2006; ʻO Odlaug et al., 2013; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010). Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻoholo ʻia i kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i ka pālahalaha o CSBD no ka mea e pili ʻia paha ka nui o ka prevalence a nā ʻano kaiāulu a no laila, e like me nā pae ākea. No ka laʻana, ma waena o nā pūʻali koa kāne, ʻo ka nui o ka CSBD o kēia manawa he nui aku ka nui (16.7%) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea maʻi psychiatric (4.4%) a me nā haumāna haumāna (3%) i United States e hoʻohana ana i ka nīnau like no CSBD (Grant, Levine, Kim, & Potenza, 2005; ʻO Odlaug et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2014). Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka laulā o nā ana like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o ka hana e loiloi iā CSBD, a laila e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā hopena. ʻO kahi laʻana, Jaisoorya et al. (2003) i hana i kahi hana i hana ʻia e ʻike pono ai i nā maʻi luhi e hoʻokū e pili ana i nā kuleana DSM-IV e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka comorbidity (me nā hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia) i nā mea maʻi me OCD (n = 231) a kāohi i nā kumuhana (n = 200) i ka heluna India. Ua ʻike lākou he hoʻokahi kumuhana wale nō i hōʻike i ka laha ʻana o ke koi ʻana i ka moekolohe (ʻaʻole paha e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CSBD).
ʻIke mākou i kekahi mau comorbidities i oi aku i nā maʻi OCD me CSBD ma mua o nā mea ʻole CSBD. ʻEhā nā pilikia me nā pilikia kīpē, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo IED, Tourette's syndrome, kleptomania, a me ke kālepa compulsive, ʻoi aku ka maʻi maʻamau i ka maʻi OCD me CSBD hoʻohālikelike i ka poʻe me ka ʻole o CSBD. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kēia mau pilikia ma mua o nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana i ko lākou pā i ka maʻi CSBD (Black et al., 1997; Raymond et al., 2003), e kuhikuhi ana i ka hopena hou aʻe o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ke kanaka ma nā maʻi ʻelua, ʻo ia ʻo CSBD a me OCD. No ka mea ua kākoʻo ka hōʻike piha i ka pilina pili ma waena o kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi OCD a me Tourette (Pauls, Leckman, Towbin, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Pauls, Towbin, Leckman, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Swain, Scahill, Lombroso, King, & Leckman, 2007), ʻike ko mākou ʻikepili i ka like me ka genetic a me ka neurobiological (ʻO Stein, Hugo, Oosthuizen, Hawkridge, & van Heerden, 2000) hiki i nā mea āpau ke koho i nā mea pilikino i CSBD. Ua ʻike mākou i ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi o ka maʻi, like me ka dysthymia a me ka maʻi bipolar i nā maʻi OCD me CSBD nui i nā hōʻike mua e pili ana i nā comorbidities ma CSBD (Raymond et al., 2003). He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo e hoʻohana kekahi poʻe i ka hana ʻano paʻakikī i mea e hoʻokūkū ai i ke kaumaha a me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (Folkman, Chesney, Pollack, & Phillips, 1992). No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka CSBD ke hoʻohana wale i ka hoʻoponopono kānāwai e kekahi mau maʻi akā hiki paha i ke kumu no ka hōʻeuʻeu o ka puʻuwai ma muli o ke kaumaha e pili ana iā CSBD. Kafka (2010) i kahaki mua ʻia e like me kekahi mau manawa hypomanic i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā lā 4 (Benazzi, 2001; Judd & Akiskal, 2003), no laila ke hoʻopunipuni ʻia nā hihia subthreshold me CSBD i ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano moeʻuhane maoli i ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano maʻi bipolar. Kūlike kā mākou data i ka manaʻo pono e mālama nā kauka i nā maʻi CSBD i nā maʻi me nā maʻi bipolar. ʻIke pū mākou i ka ulu pālahalaha o kekahi haki pili paʻa i ke kiʻowehiwehi, hypochondriasis (ʻO Coleman, 1991; Jenike, 1989), ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui ʻia i nā mea maʻi OCD me CSBD. ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka hypochondriasis e hele pinepine nei me nā preoccupations me ke olakino o ke kino (Salkovskis & Warwick, 1986). ʻO ka poʻe me ka wahine a me ka masturbation pinepine e loaʻa ana i ka hypochondriasis e manaʻo paha lākou i ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou kiʻi pono ʻana e like me ke kīnā. E pīpī paha lākou i ka nīnau inā he "ʻaʻole i pau nā makemake" a i ʻole nā lula i loko o nā palena maʻamau.
Pono nā palena o kēia noi. ʻO ka mea mua, ua komo wale kēia noiʻi i nā mea maʻi OCD me ka ʻole o kahi pūʻali mana o nā maʻi CSBD me ka ʻole OCD. ʻAʻole ʻike paha nā ʻike ma CSBD ma OCD i kekahi cohorts diagnostic, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā noiʻi hou aku. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ʻimi kēia mau mea i ka mālama ʻana no ka CSBD a no laila ʻaʻole like ka lahui maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ka haukapila me CSBD. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā poʻe e hoʻokō nei i nā koina CSBD, ʻaʻole mākou i hoʻokaʻawale i ke cohort e ka wahine i nā ʻano loiloi ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka psychopathology o CSBD i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAʻole mākou i hoʻoponopono kūpono no nā hoʻohālikelike he nui ma muli o ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā kānaka e hoʻokō nei i nā kūmole CSBD a me ka ʻano mea i ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻike.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo CSBD e hoʻohana ana iā SCID-OCSD. Loiloi kēia mea hana i nā alakaʻi diagnostic core o CSBD ma ICD-11 e kia ana i ka pilikia a me ka hōʻino (e nānā i ka ʻāpana "Nā Hana"); Eia nō naʻe, i ka Clinical Descript a me nā Diagnostic Guidelines version o ICD-11, ʻōlelo ʻia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka overpathologizing e kōkua i nā kauka (eg, i nā palena i ka ʻāpana maʻamau). Ua nele kā mākou mea kani i kahi ʻāpana palena.
I ka hopena, hōʻike kaʻikepili o kā mākou CSBD ma OCD e like me nā mea i ka heluna lehulehu a me nā hāmeʻe diagnost. Eia kekahi, uaʻike mākou ua palekanaʻo CSBD i loko o ka'OCD i nā maʻi'eleʻaleʻa, nāwaliwali, a me nā naʻau, akāʻaʻole naʻe me ka hōʻailona pili i ka halihali. ʻO kēiaʻike e kākoʻo ana i ka conceptualization o ka CSBD ma keʻano he maʻi hōʻeuʻeu. Ke hele nei i mua, ua pono nā mea kaulike me nā kani i nā mea e pono ai e nānā i ka noho a me ka paʻakikī o CSBD. Pono ka hoʻomau o ka hana hou e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoikaika i ka manaʻo o kēia maʻi a hōʻiliʻili i nāʻikeʻikepili hou, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i ka maʻi.
Hoʻolilo ʻia ka mana ʻo CL a me DJS i ka hoʻolālā ʻimi ʻana, loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā palapala kākau. Ua hoʻohana ʻo JF i nā helu helu helu helu. Ua kākau ʻo JF a me PB i ka papa mua o ka ʻatikala. Ua kōkua nui nā mea kākau a pau i ka hoʻolālā kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka pau hope o ka palapala. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike holoʻokoʻa a pau i ke aʻo ʻana a lawe i ke kuleana no ka kūpaʻa o ka ʻikepili a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili ʻike.
ʻAʻole hōʻike nā mea kākau i mea pili kālā a i ʻole ka pili e pili ana i ke kumuhana o kēia ʻatikala.
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