ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka erotic a me ka non-erotic i CSBD a kākoʻo i ka manaʻo. ʻO nā hana e pili ana i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka uku e like me nā mea i loko o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano he mea nui i ka CSBD, e like me ka manaʻo mua (Chatzittofis et al., 2016; ʻO Gola et al., 2018; ʻO Jokinen et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Politis et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020; Voon et al., 2014). Ua kākoʻo hou ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa i nā hana cognitive ʻē aʻe e ana ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka mana hoʻoikaika ʻana, e kūʻē ana i ka manaʻo e pāʻani nei nā mīkini pili i ka compulsivity.
Hōʻike kā mākou ʻike e pili ana ka CSBD me nā correlates behavioral i hoʻololi ʻia o ka manaʻo, e pili hou ana i ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai i nā hoʻoulu erotic. ʻO ka Kākoʻo nā ʻike i ka manaʻo e pili ana nā mīkini e like me ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano i ka CSBD a manaʻo e hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o CSBD ma ke ʻano he maʻi impulse-control ma muli o nā ʻike neurobiological.
- Ka lā hoʻolaha pūnaewele:
- 30 May 2022
- Ka lā hoʻolaha:
- 30 May 2022
- Māhele ʻatikala:
- ʻ Articlelelo ʻ Researchlelo
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Ke kumu a me nā manaʻo
Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻino koʻikoʻi (CSBD) e nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻomau o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu i nā manaʻo moe kolohe e hopena ai i ka hana moe kolohe, e alualu ʻia ʻoiai nā hopena ʻino. ʻOiai ʻo nā hōʻailona mua o nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka maʻi impulse-control i ka International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā kaʻina neurobiological i lalo o CSBD.
Nā Papahana
Ua hoʻolālā a hoʻohana mākou i kahi paradigm behavioral e kuhikuhi ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka manaʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu erotic. I loko o 22 kāne maʻi CSBD (makahiki: M = 38.7, SD = 11.7) a me 20 mau mana kāne olakino (HC, makahiki: M = 37.6, SD = 8.5), ua ana mākou i nā pane kūlohelohe a me ka hana neural i ka wā o ka hana magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ʻO nā hopena koʻikoʻi nā ʻokoʻa manawa pane ma waena o nā hoʻokolohua erotic a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻole a me ka hana ventral striatum (VS) i ka wā e kali ana i nā hoʻoulu ʻike. Ua pili mākou i kēia mau hopena i kekahi i kekahi, i ka maʻi CSBD, a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻailona.
Results
Ua ʻike mākou i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka hihia ma ka pae ʻano, kahi i hōʻike ai nā mea maʻi CSBD i nā ʻokoʻa manawa pane nui ma waena o nā hoʻokolohua erotic a me nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic ma mua o HC. ʻO ka hana i hoʻoulu i nā hoʻoikaika nui hilinaʻi i loko o kēlā me kēia hui. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi o ka hui ma ka hana VS, ʻo ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana e hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa o ka manawa pane a me nā loiloi ponoʻī no ka kali ʻana i nā hoʻoulu erotic.
Kūkākūkā a me nā ʻĀina
Kākoʻo kā mākou mau hopena i ka pono a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hana i hoʻomohala ʻia a manaʻo ʻia e pili ana ka CSBD me nā correlates behavioral i hoʻololi ʻia o ka manaʻo, i pili pū me ka hana striatum ventral i ka wā e kali ai i nā hoʻoulu erotic. Kākoʻo kēia i ka manaʻo e pili ana nā mīkini like-addiction i ka CSBD.
Introduction
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻi ʻino koʻikoʻi (CSBD) i ka International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) (ʻOihana Ola Lahui, 2019), i helu ʻia ma ka subcategory o nā maʻi hoʻomalu impulse. Wahi a ICD-11, hōʻike ʻia ka CSBD e kahi ʻano hoʻomau o ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu i nā manaʻo hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole nā koi e hopena i ka hana moe kolohe, i hahai ʻia ʻoiai nā hopena olakino, noʻonoʻo, a me ka pilikanaka. ʻO ka nui o nā hōʻailona CSBD i manaʻo ʻia i ka 3-10% o ka heluna lehulehu (ʻO Blum, Badgaiyan, a me ke gula, 2015; Carnes et al., 2012; Derbyshire et al., 2015; ʻO Dickenson, Gleason, Coleman, & Miner, 2018; Estellon et al., 2012; Kafka, 2010; Kingston et al., 2013; Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013; Kuhn et al., 2016; Weinstein, Katz, Eberhardt, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015). ʻOiai aia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau (ʻO Briken, 2020; Hallberg et al., 2019; 2020; Savard et al., 2020), pono lākou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana e hōʻoia i nā hopena lōʻihi maikaʻi me ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiai ka hoʻokomo ʻana o CSBD i ICD-11, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hana neurobiological i lalo o CSBD (Derbyshire et al., 2015). Ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ICD-11 o CSBD e pili ana i nā ʻike neurobiological liʻiliʻi (ʻO Fuss et al., 2019). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua e like me nā hana like i loaʻa i ka maʻi obsessive compulsive, nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau, a me nā mea hoʻohui i nā ʻano hana i ka CSBD. ʻO nā hemahema o nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e hoʻoponopono ana i ka makemake moe kolohe a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i manaʻo ʻia (Blum et al., 2015; Carnes et al., 2012; Derbyshire et al., 2015; Estellon et al., 2012; Kafka, 2010; Kingston et al., 2013; Kor et al., 2013; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Kuhn et al., 2016; Weinstein et al., 2015). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina neuroimaging hou e pili ana ka CSBD me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe (Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018). Ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi loiloi hou e pili ana ka CSBD me ka hana aberrant i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka noho ʻana, ka mana impulse, a me ka hoʻoili uku (Kowalewska et al., 2018). ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e pili ana i nā cortices prefrontal a me ke kino, amygdala, a me ka ventral striatum (VS) (ʻO Gola et al., 2018; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Voon et al., 2014). No laila, he mea nui ka ʻōnaehana uku o ka lolo i ka CSBD (Kowalewska et al., 2018; Politis et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2017; Voon et al., 2014), a ke ulu nei nā hōʻike no kēlā mau hana koʻikoʻi e pili pū me nā mea i loko o ka waiwai a me nā ʻano hoʻohui.ʻO Gola et al., 2018; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Mechelmans et al., 2014). No laila, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nei inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka CSBD ma ke ʻano he addictive.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ka addiction ʻo ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana uku o ka lolo e alakaʻi ana i ka "hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika nui", a i ʻole he "makemake" a makemake paha i kahi uku. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka makemake nui e ʻimi i ka uku, e laʻa, ʻai i kahi lāʻau. Ma ka laina me kēia, hōʻike ka poʻe me nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau i ka hana o ka lolo ma ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o ka uku (Balodis et al., 2015), ʻoi loa i ka VS, kahi ʻāina koʻikoʻi lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaikaʻi (Jauhar et al., 2021; Oldham et al., 2018). Eia nō naʻe, liʻiliʻi nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kaʻina hana mua i CSBD.ʻO Gola et al., 2018), a he nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā hana kūpono i loaʻa mai nā noiʻi i noiʻi i ka pane neural i ka nānā maʻalahi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe, me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka manaʻo hoʻoulu.
ʻO nā palena ʻē aʻe o nā haʻawina fMRI mua e pili ana ʻaʻole lawa nā kiʻi hoʻomalu no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kino o ke kanaka a me nā pilina pili kanaka. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohilahila ʻia ka hana o ka lolo i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moe kolohe e ka hoʻoulu manaʻo nui inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia no (Walter et al., 2008). Hiki ke hoʻohilahila ʻia ka manaʻo hilahila a me ka hewa a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kāohi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻolālā poloka a i ʻole nā wikiō e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka pane ʻana i ka moekolohe e ana ʻia (ʻO Georgiadis et al., 2012; Markert, Klein, Strahler, Kruse, & Stark, 2021), keakea nei i ka wehewehe ikepili. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā haʻawina mua ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka hana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka manaʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hoʻoulu wahine. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka 'addiction-like' phenomena ma CSBD (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016).
ʻO kahi hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka hana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka anticipation, ʻo ia ka hana hoʻopaneʻe kālā i hoʻopaneʻe maikaʻi ʻia, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka manaʻo uku mai nā kaʻina loaʻa uku (Balodis et al., 2015; Knutson, Westdorp, Kaiser, & Hommer, 2000; Lutz et al., 2014). Hana ʻia kēia ma o nā ʻike maka e wānana i ke ʻano o kahi uku e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻohana kekahi haʻawina i kahi hana hoʻopaneʻe hoʻoikaika i ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻoulu wahine ʻike (Sescousse, Redouté, & Dreher, 2010), a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hana ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi e pili ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala pilikia me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hana VS ma ka pane ʻana i nā kiʻi e wānana ana i nā kiʻi erotic, akā ʻaʻole no nā cues e wānana i nā uku kālā (ʻO Gola et al., 2017). I ka maikaʻi o kā mākou ʻike, ʻo ia ka haʻawina mua i helu i ka hana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe i nā kumuhana me nā hōʻailona pili i ka CSBD. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā uku kālā ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo hoʻokele, ma kahi o nā kiʻi kino kino (nā manaʻo). He manaʻo a loaʻa nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo - ʻoiai ua kiʻi ʻia - ka ʻike pili i ka moekolohe, hiki ke hoʻāla i nā pūnaewele i pili i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu wahine (ʻO Gola et al., 2017). ʻO ka mea nui, hiki ke hoʻohilahila ʻia nā ʻokoʻa hōʻailona i nā cues e kali ana, me ke kala a me ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka helu kiʻi i hana ʻia ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i kēlā me kēia hoʻoulu ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hana hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā kaʻina hana cognitive pili i ka hoʻokolokolo a pili i ka hana neural i ka wā o ka hōʻike stimuli (Walter et al., 2008).
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia haʻawina he ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, manaʻo mākou e lanakila i nā palena hoʻolālā hana o nā paradigms mua. No laila, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi hana hoʻopaneʻe hoʻoikaika, kahi i hoʻohālikelike pono ʻia nā hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe a me nā kiʻi hoʻomalu kino i nā ʻano kiʻi like ʻole. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kaʻina hana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili no ka pale ʻana i nā hopena o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me nā hōʻailona cue anticipation. ʻO ka lua, ua manaʻo mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana ma kahi hoʻokolohua fMRI e hoʻāʻo ai inā pili ka CSBD me ka pane ʻana i ke ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia a me ka hana ventral striatum (VS) i hoʻololi ʻia e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka paradigm fMRI i nā maʻi 22 CSBD a me nā mana olakino 20 (HC) a hoʻāʻo i ʻelua mau kuhiakau: 1) manaʻo mākou e hōʻike i nā mea maʻi CSBD e hōʻike i ka manaʻo hoʻoikaika kiʻekiʻe e nānā i nā kiʻi erotic ma mua o nā kiʻi non-erotic, i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻokoʻa o ka manawa pane. , ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana no ka makahiki. 2): ʻOiai mākou i manaʻo i ke komo ʻana o VS kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e kali ai i nā kiʻi erotic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kiʻi non-erotic (erotic> non-erotic) ma nā hui ʻelua, ua hoʻāʻo pū mākou inā hōʻike nā mea maʻi CSBD i ka pane VS nui aʻe ma mua o HC. Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, ua manaʻo pū mākou i kahi pilina pili ʻole ma waena o nā ʻano hana a me ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai.
Ma nā hoʻokolohua lua, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo neurocognitive, ua loiloi mākou i nā ana pahuhopu o ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia, ka hoʻomalu ʻana, a me ka ʻike waha ʻole, e pili ana i ka maʻi CSBD, ka ʻano, a me nā hopena fMRI. Ua hoʻāʻo pū mākou no nā hopena hoʻohilahila e ka demographic, nā ʻano lapaʻau, a me nā helu o nā manaʻo i ka wā o ka hana. ʻO ka hope, ua ʻimi mākou i ka pili ʻana o ka makemake, ka makemake, a me ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā hopena aʻo.
Nā Papahana
i komo
Ua hana ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma Karolinska Institutet a ma ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā maʻi maʻi CSBD ma o ka laina kōkua kelepona Suedena PrevenTell (Adebahr, Söderström, Arver, Jokinen, & Öberg, 2021). Hāʻawi ʻia nā kikoʻī hou aʻe o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana, i loko a me nā pae hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā Mea Hoʻohui a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe (Hallberg et al., 2020; Savard et al., 2020). I ka pōkole, ua kono ʻia nā kāne maʻi i hoʻokō i nā koina no CSBD e like me ICD-11 e komo. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā mana olakino olakino a me ka wahine mai ka wahi hopu ʻo Stockholm ma o nā hoʻolaha lehulehu a me nā hoʻolaha lehulehu. ʻAʻole hōʻike nā mana i ka CSBD.
Ua kākau inoa mākou i nā maʻi maʻi 20 HC a me 23 CSBD, kahi o nā maʻi 22 i hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili MRI. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻikepili āpau ma waena o Mei 2018 a me Dekemaba 2020.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā nīnau nīnau
Ma o nā nīnau nīnau pūnaewele, ua loiloi mākou i nā pae hōʻailona kaumaha (Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S) (Montgomery et al., 1979; Svanborg et al., 2001)), nā pae deficit nānā (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) (Kessler et al., 2005), ka waiʻona a me ka inu lāʻau (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Bergman et al., 2002); Ho'āʻo ʻike i nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau (DUDIT) (Berman, Bergman, Palmstierna, & Schlyter, 2005)), nā hōʻailona hypersexual (Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI) (Parsons et al., 2013), Ka Papa Hana Hana Hoʻokamakama (HBI) (ʻO Reid, Garos, & Kamana, 2011)), ka hoʻoikaika kino (Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) (Kalichman et al., 1995)), nā unahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa / excitation (SIS / SES) (Kamana, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2008), nā pae hopohopo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – State (STAI-S) (Tluczek, Henriques, & Brown, 2009)), nā hōʻailona maʻi maʻi ʻano o ka autism (Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale (RAADS-14) (Eriksson, Andersen, & Bejerot, 2013)), makemake moe kolohe (Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI) (Spector, Carey, & Steinberg, 1996)), ka impulsivity maʻamau (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (Stanford et al., 2009)), a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana (Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) (ʻO Carver et al., 1994)). Ua loiloi mākou i ke alapine o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala pūnaewele a me nā pilina pili i loko o nā mahina 6 i hala iho nei, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana (7-point Kinsey scale) (Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948). ʻO ka mea hope mai 0-6 me 0 i wehewehe ʻia ʻo 'exclusively heterosexual' a me 6 'exclusively homosexual'.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo neurocognitive
Hāʻawi mākou i nā hoʻokolohua neuropsychological e loaʻa ai nā manaʻo kuhi o ka impulsivity / lawe pilikia (Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART (Lejuez et al., 2002)), ka hoʻomalu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana (Stop Signal Task, STOP-IT (Verbruggen, Logan, & Stevens, 2008)), a me ka ʻike waha ʻole (Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices, SPM (ʻO Raven et al., 2000)). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo SPM i ka hana a ke kanaka i ka papa I (haʻahaʻa) a i ka V (kiʻekiʻe). ʻO ka Higher Stop-Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) i loaʻa mai ka STOP-IT e hōʻike ana i ka mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā ana no ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia i loaʻa mai BART ʻo ia ka helu i hoʻoponopono ʻia o nā baluna a me ka helu o nā pahū (Lejuez et al., 2002), kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā helu kiʻekiʻe aʻe i ka hana hoʻoweliweli.
fMRI paradigm a me nā mea hoʻoulu
Hōʻike ʻia kahi wehewehe kikoʻī o ka paradigm fMRI ma nā Mea Hoʻohui. Hōʻike 1 hōʻike i kahi papahana o ka paradigm. I ka pōkole, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻolālā hana ma luna o ka hana hoʻopaneʻe monetary incentive delay (MID) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia (Knutson et al., 2000) a me ka hana hoʻopaneʻe hoʻoikaika i hoʻohana ʻia e Gola a me nā hoa hana (ʻO Gola et al., 2017). ʻO ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua n = 80 (40 kūleʻa a me 40 non-erotic nā hoʻokolokolo). Ua loaʻa nā mea hoʻoulu kiʻi mai ka International Affective Picture System (IAPS) (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2008) a me ka Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS) (Marchewka, Zurawski, Jednorog, & Grabowska, 2014; Wierzba et al., 2015). Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā mea hoʻoulu mai nā ʻikepili ʻelua a hōʻike ʻia e hoʻoulu i nā pae koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe i nā ʻano haʻawina mua (ʻO Gola et al., 2016; Marchewka et al., 2014; Politis et al., 2013; Walter et al., 2008; Wierzba et al., 2015). Ua hoʻohālikelike pono ʻia nā hoʻoulu manaʻo erotic a me non-erotic e pili ana i nā helu valence a me ka hoʻāla ʻana, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻi ʻē aʻe. No ka mea ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea komo me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou ʻano moe kolohe, ua hana mākou i ʻelua ʻano o ka paradigm e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea hoʻouluulu erotic i ka makemake o nā mea komo. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka Mea Hoʻohui.
fMRI-hoʻokolohua pili nīnau nīnau
Ma mua a ma hope o ka scan MRI, ua noi ʻia nā mea komo e helu i ko lākou makemake / makemake no nā mea like ʻole (me ka makemake moe kolohe). Ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua, ua nīnau ʻia nā poʻe i ka nui o kā lākou nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi non-erotic a me nā kiʻi erotic. ʻO kēia ka helu mua o ka hoihoi, no ka mea pili pono i ka manaʻo. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua, ua noi ʻia nā mea komo e hāʻawi i nā helu o ka valence a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hoʻoulu ʻike. ʻO nā nīnau hou aʻe i kālele ʻia i nā mea hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena hoʻohilahila i ka hana o ka lolo i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, e like me nā manaʻo hilahila o ka hilahila, ka hewa, a me ka nui o ka mea i hoʻāʻo e kāohi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana. E nānā i nā mea kōkua no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā nīnau nīnau pili fMRI.
Hoʻolālā kiʻi kūpono
āpana
Ua hana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona MRI ma kahi 3T GE scanner (Discovery MR750) i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi coil poʻo ʻewalu-kanal. Ua loaʻa ka ʻikepili fMRI me kahi kaʻina gradient-echo EPI 2D a ua loaʻa nā kiʻi paona T1 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina 3D-BRAVO. Ma waho aʻe o ka fMRI scan, ua hana ʻia kahi scan paona T1 a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa pū ʻana o ka ʻikepili fMRI. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana kiʻi kiʻi ma ka Mea Hoʻohui.
aaioee
Hāʻawi ʻia nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana a me nā loiloi fMRI ma nā Mea Hoʻohui. I ka pōkole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka FSL 6.0.1 software suite, ʻo ka lolo holoʻokoʻa ka manaʻo o nā palapala hoʻāla (Contrast Of Parameter Estimates: COPE) no ka hopena o ka hoihoi (erotic > non-erotic events) ua helu ʻia no nā mea ʻelua (ka hoʻohālikelike nui 1, Pane 1) a me ka pae ʻike (ka ʻokoʻa 2). Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana i loko o nā pūʻulu a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pūʻulu (ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoihoi: CSBD > HC).
ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka hui holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, ʻo kā mākou pahuhopu nui ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka hui i ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai. No laila, ua unuhi mākou i nā koina COPE mean i ka wā e kali ana (a me ka nānā ʻana ma ke ʻano he mana) mai ka VS (Figure S7) (Tziortzi et al., 2011). Ua kālailai ʻia kēia mau ana ma SPSS e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka hihia, ka nānā ʻana i ka naʻau no ka hoʻohilahila ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā hopena ʻano (ΔRT) a me nā hōʻailona CSBD (e ʻike i lalo).
NānāʻIke Heluhelu
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hui (demographic, clinical, and cognitive data)
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hui i nā ʻano helu kanaka a me nā ʻano lapaʻau i helu ʻia ma Papa 1 ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana t-nā ho'āʻo a i ʻole Fisher pololei/Chi2. Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā hoʻohālikelike pūʻulu i ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka SSRT me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka univariate test of covariance (ANCOVA), ʻoiai e hoʻoponopono ana no ka makahiki, ma SPSS v26.
Demographics a me nā hiʻohiʻona lapaʻau
E ana | HC (n = 20) | CSBD (n = 23) | HC vs. CSBD (Phōkū) |
ʻAne ʻelemakule, ʻano (SD) | 37.6 (8.5) | 38.7 (11.7) | 0.741 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 23.1 (2.8) | 25.8 (4.5) | 0.026 |
hoʻohana i ka nicotine (ʻae / ʻaʻole / i kekahi manawa), n | |||
Puu pulu | 3/16/0 * | 7/13/0 * | 0.157 |
Puhi paka | 0/16/4 | 0/21/0 * | 0.048 |
Ka lima lima (R/L/M), n | 16/4/0 | 16/1/1 * | 0.822 |
Ka pilina maʻamau | |||
Homosexual hoʻomaopopo pono iā ia iho, n | 1 | 1 | 0.919 |
Kinsey pālākiō, mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.71 (1.3) | 0.778 |
HDSI, mean (SD) | 1.9 (2.2) | 20.2 (3.8) | |
HBI, mean (SD) | 22.5 (4.1) | 69.4 (13.4) | |
SDI, mean (SD) | 55.2 (12.6) | 80.6 (17.1) | |
SCS, mean (SD) | 11.2 (0.9) | 29.4 (6.3) | |
ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni | |||
manawa o ka pule, mean (SD) | 2.2 (2.3) | 13.0 (20.7) | 0.033 |
hola o ka pule, mean (SD) | 0.7 (0.7) | 9.2 (8.0) | |
makahiki i ka ʻai mua ʻana, mean (SD) | 14.2 (3.4) | 13.2 (4.9) | 0.424 |
MADRS, mean (SD) | 3.9 (4.9) | 18.3 (7.8) | |
AUDIT, mean (SD) | 4.1 (3.8) | 6.3 (3.8) | 0.059 |
DUDIT, mean (SD) | 2.7 (4.5) | 2.1 (3.0) | 0.582 |
RAADS, mean (SD) | 6.1 (6.0) | 11.1 (7.7) | 0.025 |
ASRS, mean (SD) | 14.7 (10.6) | 34.2 (11.7) | |
BIS-11, mean (SD) | 53.1 (7.3) | 66.7 (10.8) | |
BIS / BAS | |||
Kaʻa BAS, mean (SD) | 7.4 (2.3) | 9.0 (2.7) | 0.048 |
ʻImi leʻaleʻa BAS, mean (SD) | 10.5 (2.5) | 11.9 (1.7) | 0.037 |
pane uku BAS, mean (SD) | 16.3 (2.1) | 16.5 (1.6) | 0.726 |
BIS, mean (SD) | 17.9 (5.1) | 20.7 (3.1) | 0.033 |
STAI-S, mean (SD) | 9.3 (2.0) | 12.6 (2.5) |
Nā hiʻohiʻona demographic a me ke kino (mean (SD) a i ʻole ka helu o nā mea komo n) o nā hui ʻelua a me nā hopena pili (Phōʻike ʻia nā waiwai) o nā hoʻohālikelike hui. E hoʻomaopopo, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili no nā maʻi āpau i kākau inoa ʻia. Ua ana ʻia ka ʻano moe kolohe ma o ka ʻike ʻana iā ia iho a ma kahi pālākiō 7-point Kinsey. * hōʻike i nā mea hoʻololi me ka ʻike nalo.
Hoʻopaneʻe ka manawa hoʻoikaika mai ka hana fMRI
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka manawa hoʻonā i ka wā erotic (RTE) a me nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic (RTN) - ka ʻano like o ka fMRI like ʻole - ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā maʻi CSBD a me nā mana, e like me kā mākou i kuhi ʻia ʻo RT wikiwiki.E i nā maʻi CSBD. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ana hou ʻana ANCOVA, ua hoʻāʻo mākou no nā ʻano hoʻokolohua hopena (erotic vs. non-erotic), hui (CSBD vs HC), a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ma ka RT, ʻoiai e hoʻoponopono ana no ka makahiki. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā makahiki no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā makahiki e pili ana i ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia i ka lohi ʻana o nā manawa pane kanaka makua me ka makahiki. Ua ukali mākou ma ka helu ʻana i ka ΔRT = RTE–RTN no kēlā me kēia mea komo a hoʻohālikelike i ka ΔRT ma waena o nā hui e hoʻohana ana i ka ANCOVA, ʻoiai e hoʻoponopono ana no ka makahiki. Ua ʻimi hou mākou inā pili ʻo ΔRT me nā helu hōʻailona CSBD, me nā ana hoʻohana ponokala. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka laʻana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā helu hōʻailona maʻamau, ua helu mākou i nā correlations kūlana Spearman non-parametric.
VS activation kālailai
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo VS mean activation i ka wā e kali ana ma waena o nā hui e hoʻohana ana i ka ANCOVA, ʻoiai ke hoʻoponopono ʻana no ka makahiki (SPSS). Ua hoʻāʻo hou mākou inā pili ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai me kāna ʻano like ΔRT, a ʻimi i kona pilina me ka hōʻailona CSBD a me nā ana hoʻohana ponokala (Spearman correlations) i ka hui hui. ʻO ke kumu no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hui maoli ma waena o nā hōʻailona VS a me ΔRT/CSBD me ka nānā ʻole i ka lepili diagnostic categorical a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa helu a me ka mana helu. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana o VS no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana 2 i kālai ʻia like no ke kumu wehewehe. I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka regression lua, ua noiʻi mākou i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻāla ʻana o VS i ka wā e kali ana a me ka helu pre-fMRI nui o ka hoihoi. 'nana i mua i ka nānā 'ana i nā ki'i erotic' nā helu helu (Nā Mea Hoʻohui).
Ka nānā 'ana i ka mana'o
No nā mea ʻelua, ʻo ka hana VS a me ka ΔRT ua hana hou mākou i nā hoʻohālikelike hui e hoʻāʻo ai no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana e ka demographic, clinical, makemake / kiʻi kiʻi, a me nā ʻano neurocognitive. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano kikoʻī kikoʻī, ka papa inoa o nā mea hoʻololi i hoʻāʻo ʻia, a me nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā Mea Hoʻohui (Pable S8).
nā mea pono
Ua hana ʻia nā kaʻina hana aʻo e like me ka Hōʻike o Helsinki. Ua ʻae ʻia ka haʻawina e ka Regional Ethical Review Board, Stockholm, Suedena. Hāʻawi nā mea komo a pau i ka ʻae i kākau ʻia.
Results
i komo
Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona cohort ma Papa 1. Nā pūʻulu pili i ka makahiki (CSBD: M = 38.7, SD = 11.7, HC: M = 37.6, SD = 8.5) a me ka moe kolohe (hoʻokahi homosexual i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia hui). Ua kiʻekiʻe ka BMI ma mua o HC (CSBD: M = 25.8, SD = 4.5, HC: M = 23.1, SD = 2.8), ʻoiai naʻe i ka laulā maʻamau. Loaʻa i ka HC ʻehā mau mea puhi puhi. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole psychiatric comorbidity (Table S1). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe maʻi CSBD ma nā unahi e nānā ana i nā hōʻailona hypersexuality, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka makemake (HDSI, HBI, SDI, SCS), nā pae kaumaha (MADRS), nā hemahema o ka nānā ʻana (ASRS), nā hōʻailona autism (RAADS), hopohopo (STAI). -S), ka impulsivity a me ka hana ʻino (BIS-11, BIS), akā ʻaʻole pane pane (BAS). Ua hoʻohana nā maʻi CSBD i nā kiʻi ponoʻī ma mua o HC. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu i ka inu lāʻau a me ka inu ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole ka helu o nā hālāwai hoʻokamakama a i ʻole nā hoa pili (Pakaukau S2).
Nā manawa hoʻopaneʻe hoʻoikaika i loaʻa mai ka hana fMRI
Ua hōʻike ʻo ANCOVA i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano hoʻāʻo (P = 0.005, F 1, 39 = 9.0) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka hui (P = 0.009, F 1, 39 = 7.5). ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā hopena nui o ka makahiki a me ka hui, (P = 0.737 a P = 0.867). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hope o ka hopena nui o ke ʻano hoʻāʻo i loko o ka hui hui ʻana i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana i ka wā erotic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic (RT).E < RTN). Paele ole t- ho'āʻo hoʻohālikelike RTE a me RTN i loko o kēlā me kēia hui i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hihia i nā maʻi (P <0.001) a me nā mana (P = 0.004). ΔRT (RTE–RTN) ua maikaʻi ʻole i nā hui ʻelua a ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o CSDB a me HC (P = 0.009, d= 0.84), kahi i hōʻike ai nā mea maʻi CSBD i ka ΔRT nui aʻe, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hui pūʻulu (hōʻike ʻia ma Pane 2). Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa e ka RT haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻaE a nui ka RTN ʻo ia hoʻi ma CSBD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC (Pane 2, Papa 2).
Nā hopena hoʻokolohua neurocognitive
Nā ho'āʻo noʻonoʻo | HC (n = 20) | CSBD (n = 23) | HC vs. CSBD; P |
Hana hoʻopaneʻe ka hoʻoikaika kino (fMRI) ma ms* | |||
RTE, mean (SD) | 281 (65) | 270 (46) | 0.544 |
RTN, mean (SD) | 297 (72) | 314 (68) | 0.434 |
ΔRT, mean (SD) | -15 (22) | -43 (42) | 0.009 |
SSRT ma ms, mean (SD) | 285 (30) | 300 (59) | 0.324 |
ʻ Blelo Kaleo | |||
Adj. nā pahū, mean (SD) | 10.1 (5) | 11.1 (4.8) | 0.486 |
ʻO Nr. pahū, mean (SD) | 13.6 (4.8) | 14.3 (4.4) | 0.664 |
Raven SPM | |||
Mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.9 (0.8) | 0.041 |
Papa I, n | 4 | 1 | 0.042 |
Papa II, n | 9 | 6 | |
Papa III (awelika), n | 4 | 11 | |
Papa IV, n | 1 | 5 | |
Papa V, n | 1 | 0 |
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa mai ka hoʻāʻo cognitive. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻano a me nā ʻokoʻa maʻamau (SD) o kēlā me kēia hui. Nā hualoaʻa o ka hoʻohālikelike pūʻulu (P-waiwai). BART: Hana Pilikia Baloon Analogue, SSRT: Stop-Signal Reaction Time (inhibitory/impulse control), Raven SPM: Raven standard progressive matrices (non-verbal intelligence). Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻano hopena mai ka hana hoʻopaneʻe hoʻoikaika kino i hana ʻia ma ka fMRI: RTE: ka manawa maʻamau i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua erotic, RTN: awelika manawa hoʻonā i ka wā hoʻokolohua non-erotic. ΔRT = RTE−RTN. * hoʻokahi maʻi CSBD ʻaʻole i hana i ka hana fMRI.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ΔRT me nā hōʻailona hypersexuality a me ka koi ʻana i ka moekolohe (HDSI, HBI, SCS) (Table S9), a me a holo a pane uku nā mea o BIS/BAS (Paʻa S14).
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻimi ʻana ua hōʻike ka hui CSBD i ka ʻokoʻa RT nui aʻe (ka hoʻololi maʻamau) i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic (SD.N) ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua erotic (SDE), ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma HC (Supplemental Materials; Table S3), e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka hui i ka ΔRT i hoʻohuli ʻia e nā maʻi CSBD e hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (a i ʻole ka like ʻole) i nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic ma mua o HC, ma mua o ka hana maikaʻi ʻana i ka wā erotic. na hoao ana.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo neurocognitive
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu i ka hana ma ka BART (ka lawe pilikia) a i ʻole STOP-IT (SSRT, inhibitory / impulse control). Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o HC ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻo Raven SPM (ʻike waha ʻole) ma mua o nā maʻi CSBD. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike nā maʻi CSBD i ka hana maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo HC i hana ma luna o ka awelika (Papa 2).
Hana pili i ka hana (fMRI)
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hana i ka wā e kali ai Pane 3. Hōʻike ʻia nā hualoaʻa no ka māhele nānā ʻana ma nā Mea Hoʻohui (Nā Kiʻi S4–S5). ʻO nā hoʻoulu ʻana e pili ana i nā wahi i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka wā e kali ana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moe kolohe, kēlā me kēia, me VS, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, (pre) motor, visual, a me occipitotemporal regions (ʻO Georgiadis et al., 2012; Jauhar et al., 2021; Oldham et al., 2018). Ma ka pae lolo holoʻokoʻa (exploratory), ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa hui i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. E nānā i ke Kiʻi S3 a me S6 no nā hopena i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia.
VS activation a me correlations me ΔRT a me CSBD hōʻailona
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu koʻikoʻi i ka VS mean activation i ka wā e kali ai (a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana, Papa 3). Eia naʻe, pili maikaʻi ʻole ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana me ΔRT (r = -0.33, P = 0.031), ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻo ΔRT me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o VS i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana (r = 0.18, P = 0.250). Aia kekahi mea ʻike maka me ka haʻahaʻa ΔRT a me ka hana VS kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e kali ana (Pane 4). ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka ΔRT a me ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana ua manaʻo mau (P = 0.072) ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i kēia outlier (Figure S2, Table S10), a ua mau ke kuhikuhi a me ka ikaika hopena (r = −0.28). E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā kumu i kūpono i ka wehe ʻana i ka outlier mai nā kānana (ʻaʻohe ʻikepili hewa). Ma waena o nā mea a pau i komo, ua kiʻekiʻe loa kēia kumuhana ma nā helu hōʻailona CSBD āpau (i hōʻike ʻia e nā analyses outlier multivariate; Nā Mea Hoʻohui). Eia hou, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻoponopono kūlana Spearman non-parametric, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻopili ʻana o Pearson maʻamau, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi i nā outliers. No laila, manaʻo nā hoʻokolohua āpau i nā hopena me ka outlier hilinaʻi.
Hoʻohālikelike pūʻulu ma VS mean activation
HC (n = 20) | CSBD (n = 22) | HC vs. CSBD; P | ʻO Cohen's d | |
Hana VS (ka hoʻohālikelike 1: manaʻolana) | 173 (471) | 329 (819) | 0.457 | 0.20 |
Hana VS (kokoke 2: nānā) | 181 (481) | 69 (700) | 0.54 | 0.19 |
ʻO Mean (SD) o ka COPE activation i unuhi ʻia no VS i ka wā o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana 1 (manaʻo) a me 2 (ka nānā ʻana) ua helu ʻia no kēlā me kēia hui. Nā hualoaʻa (P-nā waiwai) a me ka nui o ka hopena (Cohen's d) o nā hoʻohālikelike hui i hāʻawi ʻia (HC vs. CSBD).
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana o VS i ka wā e kali ai, akā ʻaʻole ka VS activation i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia me nā ana hoʻohana ponokala (Table S9), akā ʻaʻole me nā helu hōʻailona CSBD.
Makemake, makemake, a me nā pane ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka hana fMRI
Hiki ke loaʻa nā hualoaʻa kikoʻī o nā nīnau nīnau pili i ka hoʻokolohua fMRI ma nā Mea Hoʻohui (Papa S4-S6). I ka pōkole, ua makemake nā poʻe maʻi CSBD e komo i ka hana moekolohe ma mua o HC, a ua hoʻonui kēia makemake ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua ma nā hui ʻelua. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu e pili ana i ka nui o ka poʻe i makemake i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua nānā nui nā poʻe maʻi CSBD i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi erotic ma mua o nā kiʻi non-erotic. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia ma HC. I nā maʻi CSBD, ʻaʻole i ka HC, VS ka hana i ka wā e kali ana i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka 'nana i mua i nā kiʻi erotic' helu helu (r = 0.61, P = 0.002; Pane 4). ʻO ia mau pilina me ΔRT he mea manaʻo (Supplemental Materials).
Ka nānā 'ana i ka mana'o
Ua paʻa nā hopena i ka wā e hoʻomalu ai i nā confounders (Table S8) me ka ʻokoʻa ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi nā ʻokoʻa o ka hui ma ΔRT i ka wā e hoʻomalu ai i nā helu kaumaha (MDRS). Eia naʻe, pono e unuhi ʻia kēia hopena me ka akahele, no ka mea, pili ke kaumaha i ka CSBD, ka phenotype o ka hoihoi (Ballester-Arnal, Castro-Calvo, Giménez-García, Gil-Juliá, & Gil-Llario, 2020; ʻO Hyatt et al., 2020).
kūkākūkā
Ma kēia noiʻi, ua noi mākou i kahi paradigm fMRI hoʻokolohua hou e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka kali ʻana mai nā mea e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moe kolohe. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hana e noiʻi i nā ʻano hana a me nā neural correlates o CSBD me ka nānā ʻana i ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai. Ua hoʻāʻo hou mākou i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona CSBD a me nā ana pahuhopu o ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia, ka hoʻomalu ʻana, a me ka ʻike waha ʻole e pili ana i kā mākou hopena.
Nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o HC a me CSBD
Ma ka laina me ko mākou kuhiakau, ua hōʻike ka poʻe maʻi CSDB i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā manawa hoʻonā i ana ʻia i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua erotic a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻole (ΔRT) ma mua o HC. Nui ka hopena (d = 0.84). Ua paʻa nā hopena i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai i nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike a hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika - a makemake paha - e nānā i nā kiʻi erotic a i ʻole nā kiʻi erotic. Me he mea lā ua alakaʻi ʻia nā ʻokoʻa e nā poʻe maʻi CSBD e hōʻike ana i nā manawa hoʻololi lohi a me ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic, e hōʻike ana i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoikaika / makemake e nānā i nā kiʻi non-erotic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC. E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika ikaika a makemake paha i nā poʻe maʻi CSBD i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi erotic (i hōʻike ʻia e ka mean RT haʻahaʻa.E) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, no ka mea, aia nā palena kino i ka wikiwiki pane kaʻa. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka erotic a me ka non-erotic stimuli i ka CSBD a kākoʻo i ka manaʻo e uku i nā mīkini pili e pili ana i ka anticipation e like me nā mea i loko o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano he mea nui i ka CSBD. , e like me ka manaʻo mua (Chatzittofis et al., 2016; ʻO Gola et al., 2018; ʻO Jokinen et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Politis et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020; Voon et al., 2014). Ua kākoʻo hou ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa i nā hana cognitive ʻē aʻe e ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka mana hoʻoikaika, e kūʻē ana i ka manaʻo e pāʻani ana nā mīkini pili i ka compulsivity (Norman et al., 2019; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022). ʻO ka mea hoʻohiwahiwa, ʻo ke ana ʻana o ka ΔRT i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me nā hōʻailona hypersexuality a me ka koi ʻana i ka wahine, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manaʻo me ka hōʻailona CSBD.
Hoʻopaneʻe ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka hana lolo pili i ka hana
I loko o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu, ua hoʻoikaika ka hana i nā hana kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka kali a me ka nānā ʻana.Pane 3). ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻāina i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka wā o ka kali ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moe kolohe, me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka VS, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, (pre) motor, visual, and occipitotemporal regions (ʻO Georgiadis et al., 2012; Jauhar et al., 2021; Oldham et al., 2018), kākoʻo i ka kikoʻī, kūpono, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hana. Ua kākoʻo hou ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana i hoʻonui i ka makemake moe kolohe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka makemake no nā mea loiloi ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua, e hōʻike ana i ka hana i kuhikuhi pono i ka makemake moe kolohe.
ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā maʻi maʻi HC a me CSBD i ka wā hoʻomaka.Pane 3), kahi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea maʻi CSBD i nā hoʻoulu ʻana i ka prefrontal cortex a me nā ʻāpana subcortical, me VS, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa pūʻulu nui ma ka pae lolo holoʻokoʻa. E hoʻomaopopo he mea ʻimi ka nānā ʻana i ka lolo holoʻokoʻa, a pono paha nā laʻana nui e ʻike i nā hopena liʻiliʻi. No laila, mai kēia mau ʻike ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ʻaʻole pili ʻo CSBD me nā abnormalities o ka lolo hana i ka wā e kali ai, ʻoiai, ʻoiai nā loiloi correlational e like me ka mea i kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo nei i kahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka loiloi nui ma ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai
ʻOiai ua like nā ʻokoʻa helu e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia (CSBD> HC), liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hopena a ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu koʻikoʻi i ka VS mean activation i ka wā e kali ai. Eia nō hoʻi, koi ʻia nā laʻana nui e hopu i nā ʻokoʻa hoʻokele hihia e pili ana i ka hana ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana o VS. Eia nō naʻe, pili ʻole ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana me ka ΔRT (moderate correlation), akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻo ΔRT me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o VS i ka wā nānā. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hoʻokolohua erotic a me nā hoʻokolohua non-erotic, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana VS mean i ka wā e kali ai (e hoʻomaopopo hoʻi ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua erotic vs. non-erotic). No ka mea hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka pane ʻana i ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai, akā ʻaʻole i ka nānā ʻana, i nā kiʻi, manaʻo mākou e wehewehe maoli nā pane neural ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka manaʻo i nā mea ʻino i ʻike ʻia ma CSBD. Ma ka laina me kēia manaʻo, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea maʻi CSBD i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi erotic ma mua o nā kiʻi non-erotic, a me ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana e hoʻopili ʻia me nā helu e pili ana i ka nui o ka poʻe maʻi e kali nei i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi erotic ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua. .
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka hui ʻana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ana e pili ana i nā pahuhopu ʻelua (ΔRT) a me nā ana o ka manaʻo ponoʻī o ka manaʻo e pili ana i kā mākou kuhiakau e pili ana i ka manaʻo hoʻoikaika nui a me nā kaʻina neural pili o ka manaʻo uku. ma CSBD.
hoʻokau
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole hiki ke huki ʻia nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu, no ka mea, he cross-section kēia haʻawina. ʻO ka lua, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka hui i ka hana neural i ka wā e kali ana (eia d = 0.2), a i ʻole ke ola ʻole, pono paha nā laʻana haʻawina nui e ʻike i kēia. ʻO ke kolu, aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hopena o nā hōʻailona CSBD ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole (e laʻa, ke kaumaha) a i ʻole ka hopena o ke ʻano kaumaha ma muli o ka pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e CSBD. ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻano hana ʻelua ke hāʻawi, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia i kēia haʻawina. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kaumaha a me ka CSBD e pili pono ana (ʻO Antons et al., 2021), no laila, ua hōʻike kā mākou pūʻulu noiʻi i kahi hōʻailona lapaʻau kūpono o ka maʻi me CSBD. ʻO ka hā, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka pinepine o ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe ma waena o nā hui. Akā naʻe, ua hōʻike ka poʻe maʻi CSBD i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻī i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma CSBD (ʻO Antons et al., 2021). Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi pilina ma waena o ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai a me nā ana hoʻohana ponokala. ʻOiai kahi haʻawina mua e Markert et al. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā pilina like ʻole i nā kānaka olakino, ua ʻōlelo nā mea kākau e ʻike ʻia ia mau hui i nā laʻana me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ponokala kiʻi (Markert et al., 2021), hiki ke wehewehe i ke kumu i hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i kēia mau pilina ma kēia haʻawina. No laila, ua like kā mākou ʻike me nā haʻawina e hōʻike ana e pili ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala me ka hana VS i hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā o nā kiʻi ʻike e wānana ana i nā kiʻi erotic (ʻO Gola et al., 2017). ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa paha nā hopena o ka moe kolohe inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi poʻe i ka wā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, e hoʻomau ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana inā ʻoi aku ka laulā o kā mākou hopena i nā pūʻulu CSBD me ka hoʻohana ponokala kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā subgroups clinical ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi, akā manaʻo mākou e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a paʻa ʻole i ka hana fMRI e hoʻonui i nā hopena anticipatory a hoʻonui i ka homogeneity data. ʻOiai ua hāʻawi mākou i nā wehewehe no nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike i manaʻo ʻia nā poʻe i manaʻo ʻole ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo mua ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia pehea e hana ai nā mea komo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi paradigm adaptive.
Panina
Ua lanakila ka fMRI paradigm i kekahi mau palena o nā paradigms mua, a kākoʻo kā mākou hopena i kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā cohorts olakino. Hōʻike kā mākou ʻike e pili ana ka CSBD me nā correlates behavioral i hoʻololi ʻia o ka manaʻo, e pili hou ana i ka hana VS i ka wā e kali ai i nā hoʻoulu erotic. Kākoʻo nā ʻike i ka manaʻo e pili ana nā hana like me ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano i ka CSBD a ke manaʻo nei e hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o CSBD ma ke ʻano he maʻi hoʻokele impulse ma ke kumu o nā ʻike neurobiological.
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai kālā
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia hana e Karolinska Institutet's Research Foundation Grants (2016 a me 2017; CA) a me ka Swedish Research Council (Dnr: 2020-01183; JJ, CA).
ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana o nā mea hoʻohana
ʻO CA ka mea noiʻi nui, hoʻolālā i ka noiʻi a hoʻomohala i ka paradigm fMRI. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo CA i ka fMRI a me ka ʻikepili ʻano hana, hana i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano hana a kākau i ka palapala mua o ka manuscript. Ua hana ʻo BL i ka hana fMRI a me ka nānā ʻana i ka fMRI. Ua kōkua ʻo KJÖ, SA, CD, a me MI i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo lapaʻau. Ua hāʻawi ʻo BL, KJÖ, JJ, JS, a me JF i ka hoʻokomo naʻauao koʻikoʻi a hāʻawi i ka palapala kākau. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo JS i nā maʻi maʻi no ka ʻae ʻia a hāʻawi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili. Loaʻa i nā mea kākau āpau ke komo piha i nā ʻikepili āpau i ka haʻawina a lawe i ke kuleana no ka pono o ka ʻikepili a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili ʻikepili. Ua nānā nā mea kākau a pau i ka manuscript, hāʻawi i ka manaʻo naʻauao, a ua ʻae i ka waiho ʻana o ka manuscript.
Kōkua hihia
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CA e Quantify Research (hana kūkākūkā pili ʻole i ka hana o kēia manawa). ʻAʻole hōʻike nā mea kākau i kahi pili kālā a pili ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kumuhana o kēia ʻatikala.
'Ōlelo hōʻeia
Mahalo mākou i nā kahu hānai, nā kauka, a me nā limahana hoʻokele ma ANOVA no kā lākou kākoʻo ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili a me ka hui noiʻi, ʻo Christoffer Rahm no nā kūkākūkā i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā aʻo ʻana, a ʻo Christian Mannfolk no kāna kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā poʻe HC.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo fMRI loaʻa hana
Hiki ke loaʻa ka hana fMRI ma ke noi kūpono.
Nā Pono Hana Hou
Hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻikepili hoʻohui i kēia ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00035.