Ka testosterone maʻamau akā ke kiʻekiʻe o ka Luteinizing Hormone Level i nā kāne me ka Hypersexual Disorder (2020)

I loko o kēia noi ʻana, ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kāne kāne HD me nā pae testosterone testosterone i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā limahana limahana olakino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou pae plasma ʻo LH. ʻO ka pae testosterone a me nā pae LH o nā hui ʻelua ma loko o ka pae kuhikuhi. I ko mākou ʻike, ʻo kēia ka hōʻike mua o ka HPG disregulation i nā kāne me HD. He kuleana nui ko LH i ka rula o ka moekolohe ma o ka hana like ʻana o androgens. ʻO nā haʻawina ma mua e pili ana i nā pae plasma LH a me ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka moekolohe i hāʻawi i nā hopena contradictory, kahi e wehewehe ʻia e kekahi mau ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka LH pulsivity a me ka bioactivity. Stoleru et al¹⁹ ua hōʻike ʻo ka moe kolohe i ka wā'ōpio i ka hopena ma ka hōʻailona o ka LH pulse e hopena i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lua o ka lua ma hope o ka hānai a hoʻonui i kona kiʻekiʻe.¹⁹ Maliʻa paha aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka lakio bioactive / immunoactive o LH. Carosa ma²⁰ ua hōʻike ʻo ka poʻe maʻi me ka erectile dysfunction kahi nui haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka bioactive / immunoactive ratio LH ma mua o nā kāne olakino, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana moekolohe.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi e pili ana i nā homone a me nā moekolohe kolohe i loko o kahi forensic e ʻimi nei i nā lawehala kolohe. Kingston ma²¹ Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā homone gonadotrophic, FSH, a me LH me ka hoʻowahāwahā i nā lawehala kolohe a ʻoi aku ka wānana no ka recidivism wā lōʻihi ma mua o nā pae testosterone i kahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā lawehala kolohe a 20 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā mea kākau i kekahi lawehala lawehala i kahi disregulation o LH me ka hoʻokō ʻole o ka downregulation kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou pae testosterone. Eia hou, i loko o kahi noiʻi e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā kāne me ka pedophilia a me nā non-pedophilic paraphilia, a me nā kaohi kāne maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i waena o nā hui i nā pae testosterone a me LH ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o 100 mcg o ka synthetic LH-hoʻokuʻu i ka hormone, ka pedophile ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hui o LH, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui ʻē aʻe 2.²² He paʻakikī, e hiki ke kahakaha pono i waena o kēia mau ʻike i hōʻike ʻia ma nā pae forensic a me kā mākou ʻike e ʻike nei i nā kāne me HD me ka pedophilia a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka moekolohe.

He paʻakikī nā pilina ma waena o ka wahine a me nā pae testosterone. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili pono ka testosterone me ka wahine a me ka hōʻiliʻili wahine me ka hopena ma o nā ʻōnaehana he nui i nā hanana kognitive, nā manaʻo, nā hana autonomic, a me nā kumu holoʻokoʻa.^9,10 Hiki i kēia mau hopena ke kūleʻa ʻole ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka estradiol a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea i ʻae ʻia. Hoʻopilikia ka pae a me ka pae LH i ka moe kino a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka Erotic erotic, ʻo ka nui o nā orgasms ma o coitus a i ʻole masturbation, a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka launa pūʻana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā pae testosterone.^9,10 Eia kekahi, ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka ʻōlelo, a me nā ʻike o mua e hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia mau hopena i nā pae testosterone. Rupp a me Wallen²³, ma ka noiʻi ʻana o nā kāne i hōʻike ʻia i ka erotica ʻike, ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka pae o testosterone e ka ʻike, e hōʻike ana e pili ana nā pae testosterone e pili ana i ka makemake pilikino i ke kāne nānā i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i nā kāne me ka ʻike maka mua o ka. ponokala ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana. Kuhi nā mea kākau e pono ai ka testosterone e hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika a me ka hana cognitive i ka wā kahi i noho ai ka habituation o ka mea hoʻokaumaha ma ka hōʻike mau.²³ ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā pae testosterone ma waena o nā kāne me nā HD a me nā mana palekana, ʻo nā hoʻoponopono ma waena o nā testosterone plasma a me nā ana o ka hypersexuality e hōʻike ana i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka hui holoʻokoʻa a me ka hopena koʻikoʻi maikaʻi i nā kāne me HD me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o testosterone ma ka poʻe maʻi e hōʻike ana. nā hana moekolohe hou aʻe, ka hana hoʻokalakupua, a me ka noʻonoʻo ponoʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka testosterone i ka lawehala e pili ana i nā hopena i hui ʻia, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka meta-analima no ke kākoʻo ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone i ka poʻe hana hewa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hana hewa ʻole a he mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka moekolohe ʻoiai he mau molesters keiki. ua loaʻa ka testosterone haʻahaʻa.²⁴ Akā e pili ana i ka testosterone supplementation no ka hana moekolohe, kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻia e Huo et al²⁵ hele mai i ka hopena, pili e pili ana i ka libido, ʻoiai ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā loiloi maikaʻi ʻole, e hui pū nā hopena. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole paʻa ka testosterone supplementation i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana pilikino. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hapanui o nā noiʻi i ka hopena o ka testosterone a me LH ma hope o ka hopena o kahi hoʻoulu kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, no ka hoʻohālike ʻana, ka wahine male kiʻi, ka masturbation, a me ka coitus¹⁹ a ʻaʻole i noiʻi i nā hopena i ke koʻi HPG i kahi kūlana lōʻihi loa e like me nā mea maʻi me HD. No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea like ʻole o ka pae testosterone i nā kāne hypersexual i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hana olakino e pīhoihoi ana.

He nui wale nā ​​noiʻi e noiʻi ana i nā kāne hypersexual a me nā pūnaehana endocrine. Safarinejad²⁶ ana i ka hopena ʻana i nā hopena lapaʻau lōʻihi o ka hoʻohālikelike lōʻihi o ka gonadotropin-hoʻokuʻu i ka hormone, triptorelin, i nā kāne non-paraphilic hypersexual i hōʻike i nā pae maʻamau o ka pae baseline testosterone a me LH pae, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka papa noiʻi ʻana i kahi pūʻulu mana olakino. Ma kēlā haʻawina, ʻo LH a me testosterone pae like a me ka hopena o ke kino (ka helu o nā hoʻonaninani) ʻo nā kāne hypersexual i hōʻemi me ka hana e hōʻike ana i ka pilina pili o ka pae o ka hormone a me ka wahine.

Ua pili pū ʻia nā pae testosterone e pili ana i ke kaumaha a me nā mea kaumaha i nā kāne hypogonadal.^9,10 ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā mākou ka hopena koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pae testosterone a me nā hōʻailona kaumaha. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka HD i kāna wehewehe ʻana i hiki ke lilo i ka hopena i hopena i nā wahi a dysphoric a me ke kaumaha,¹ a ua hōʻike mua mākou i kahi maʻi lōkuhi me ka hyperactivity o ke koiʻi HPA¹³ e like me nā loli epigenetic e pili ana i nā kāne me HD.¹⁸

Aia nā hopena paʻakikī ma waena o ka HPA a me HPG axis, ʻelua excitatory a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pae o ka lolo.²⁷ ʻO nā hanana koʻikoʻi ma o nā hopena o nā koʻi ʻo ka HPA ka hopena i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomakeʻo LH a ma muli o ka hana hou.²⁷ Loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana 2 i nā launa pānaʻi, a hiki i nā stressors mua ke hoʻololi i nā pane neuroendocrine ma o nā epigenetic hoʻololi.^{28, 29, 30}

ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka pae testosterone testosterone me nā palena o ka hypersexuality (SCS a me HD: CAS) i ka hiʻohiʻona iki o ka hui holoʻokoʻa, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka testosterone me SCS i nā mea maʻi me HD. Hoʻopili ke SCS i nā hana moekolohe, moekolohe, a me ka noʻonoʻo pono i ka wahine a ua hoʻomohala ʻia no ka loiloi o nā ʻano moeʻuhane kiʻekiʻe.¹⁵ Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano mea hana ole ma ke ʻano he mea pili i ka moekolohe me ka wahine like ʻole, ka nui o nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka moe kolohe, ka moe kolohe anal, loaʻa ʻole nā ​​maʻi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka waiʻona ma mua o ka moekolohe.^1,31 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka testosterone i ka lawe ʻana i ka hana a me ka cortisol, e like me ka hypothesis ʻelua pālua, hoʻololi lākou i ka lawe ʻana.³² Hoʻolālā kēia haʻano maʻi maʻi ʻelua e pili ana nā ʻano e pili ana i ke kūlana e like me ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka lanakila i ka pilina me ka testosterone wale nō i ka wā i haʻahaʻa nā pae o cortisol akā ʻaʻole i ka wā i kiʻekiʻe nā kiʻekiʻe cortisol. Ma kēia lālani, ua hoʻolaha koke mākou nei i ka nui o ka CSF testosterone / cortisol ratio i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia me ka impulsivity a me ka hana hoʻonāukiuki i loko o kahi pūʻulu hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i ka pepehi kanaka.³³ Eia kekahi, hoʻopilikia kino nā pae cortisol plasma me nā helu SCS i nā kāne me HD.¹³ No laila, ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā pae cortisol me ka SCS a me ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana o nā pae testosterone me ka SCS e kau ana me ka hypothesis he lua. He multifaceted like ka makemake i ka moekolohe, a me nā manaʻo e like me ke koʻikoʻi, ka wahine, a me ka makemake makemake e hoʻololi i nā hui e like me nā testosterone e like me testosterone.^34,35 Kēia mau mea hana i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka hoʻopili ʻo HPA a me HPG, ka ʻōnaehana neural uku, a i ʻole ka pale ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono o nā hoʻokele i nā wahi cortex mua.³²

ʻO kahi wehewehe e koho ai, ʻo ia ka uku o ka hypogonadism uku, ka mea maʻamau me ka maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​palena palena, pae kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone, a kiʻekiʻe a i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā pae o ka LH plasma a me kahi hana uku. Eia naʻe, pili ka compogatory hypogonadism e pili ana i ka holomua o ka makahiki a me nā comorbidities kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole e like me kā mākou tauira, ʻo ia ka makahiki i kūpono i ka hui kia hoʻokele a kūʻokoʻa mai nā comorbidities.

E pili ana i nā epigenomics, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana methylation ākea genome me nā pūnaewele ʻoi aku ma mua o 850 K CpG, akā ua nānā mākou i nā genes moho e pili ana i ka axis HPA e pili ana i kā mākou ʻike mua.¹⁸ a me nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau o HPG axis-pili a me nā ʻōnaehana i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano moe kolohe e like me ka oxytocin a me kisspeptin.^{36, 37, 38}

I nā helu hoʻohālikelike laina laina mua i nā pae testosterone testosterone, 12 mau pūnaewele CpG i nui mau inoa a me 20 mau pūnaewele CpG no nā pae LH plasma. ʻAʻohe pūnaewele CpG koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO kēia ka haʻawina epigenetic mua o ka HPG axis-pili genes i HD, a ua hōʻike mua mākou i nā loli epigenetic ma nā ʻano huakaʻi HPAaxis-pili.¹⁸ Pono e wehewehe ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi me ka akahele. Ma muli o ka nui o ka pākuhi liʻiliʻi, he mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

ʻO nā ikaika o ke aʻo ʻana i koho ʻia me ka poʻe ʻōpiopio o ka hypersexual mākaʻikaʻi, ka hele ʻana o kahi pūʻulu mana e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana olakino, ke kaawale ʻana i ka mōʻaukala a i ʻole ka manawa maʻi psychiatric, mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā maʻi psychiatric nui, a me nā hanana traumatic koʻikoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka moʻoʻī no nā hūnā e hiki ai i nā ka nānā ʻana e like me ka pōʻino o ke wā kamaliʻi, nā kaumaha, nā mākaʻi neuroinflamothing, a me nā hopena hōʻike dexamethasone. ʻO nā palena e like me ka hōʻike ponoʻī ʻana i ka puʻu ʻana o ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka laʻana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ka epigenetic anal ʻana. ʻO kahi ikaika hou e hoʻohālikelike ana nā pakanā o ka methylation, a me nā hopena epigenetic maikaʻi ʻole i pili i ke kumu kiko (koko āpau). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka neʻe i ka hana moekolohe hiki ke lilo i kahi confounder e ka mālama ʻana i nā pae o ka hormone³⁹ ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākou e kaohi no ka hana moekolohe hou loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hui ma waena o nā pae hormonone a me nā hana moekolohe, i nā pule he 2 i hala, i ana ʻia me HD: CAS e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena. Eia kekahi, ua ana ʻia ka testosterone e kahi immunoassay ma mua o ka chromatography wai - nā ʻano spectrometry lehulehu.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, he palena palena ʻānō ia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana no ka ʻae ʻana i nā hopena, a he pono e hoʻokaʻina i kahi cohort kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka mea mua o ka loiloi mua o HPG axis a me epigenetics i HD.

I ka hopena, hōʻike mākou no ka manawa mua i hoʻonui nui i ka pae LH plasma i loko o nā kāne hypersexual i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hana ikaika. Kuhi kēia mau ʻike mua i ka ulu ʻana i nā puke i ka pili ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana neuroendocrine a me ka disregulation ma HD.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kuhikuhi no nā noiʻi hou aʻe i ka HD. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi ua hana ʻia i loko o nā kāne a ma nā lehulehu e like me nā lawehala e pili ana i ka wahine. No laila, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona haukapila o nā wahine hypersexual, nā ʻokoʻa wahine, a me nā iwi o ka haukapila e nele ana nō. Pono e wehewehe ʻia nā comorbidities, ʻoiai me nā maʻi psychiatric ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka waiwai a me ke ʻano hana. Hiki i kekahi ala ke aʻo i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi kūlohelohe me ka HD / compulsive me ka ʻole o ka comorbidities. ʻO ka hopena hope loa, e makemake nui ʻia ka noi ʻana i nā palena palena ʻāina noiʻi. ʻO ka Neuroimaging, molekue, genetic, a me nā haʻawina epigenetic me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana i nā ʻano like e like me ka hōʻeha ʻana, ka impulsivity, a me ka hana antisocial e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pathophysiology o ka hopena.