COMMENTS: ʻAʻole wale nā kāne i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka porn hoʻohana. ʻO kahi noiʻi hou e pili ana i nā wahine e hoʻopili i ka porn a me ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka porn me ka hana moekolohe, e like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻona a pakanā a hoʻohana paha i kahi mea ʻona, honi mau ʻana a hoʻopā, Emotional manipulation / hoʻopunipuni e moekolohe, etc.
Nānā: ka huaʻōlelo "hoʻoikaika e komo" e hōʻike i nā kolohe ponokala kiʻi.
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Hoʻopili i ka wahine Behav. 2019ʻOiaʻiʻo 7. hana: 10.1007 / s10508-019-01538-4.
Nā Hughes A1, Brewer G2, ʻO Khan R3.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Ua nānā nui ʻole ʻia i loko o nā puke, ua noiʻi ʻia kēia noi ʻana i nā mea e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahine i ka moekolohe. ʻO ke kikoʻī, hoʻohana ʻia nā ponokala kiʻi a me nā ʻano maʻi pilikino i hoʻopili ʻia me ka kaohi impulse maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka naʻau, a me ke ʻano o ka makemake i ka moekolohe. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā wahine (N = 142) 16-53 mau makahiki (M = 24.23, SD = 7.06) mai nā kaiāulu a me nā heluna haumāna. Ua hoʻopau nā mea i komo i ka subscrales Narcissistic and Histrionic o ka Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4, me ka hoʻohui ʻia o ka Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory e ʻimi i ka mana o kā lākou ponokala kiʻi hoʻohana (hoihoi, nā hana e pili pū me nā ponokala kiʻi, a me ka compulsivity) i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka moekolohe . Ua ana ʻia kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻehā o ka Postrefusal Sexual Persistence Scale: ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻole i ka moekolohe, ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻopunipuni, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea ʻona, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika kino a i ʻole nā hoʻoweliweli. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano loiloi hou ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn, nā hana narcissistic, a me nā ʻano histrionic i wānana mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moe kolohe moe kolohe, ka hoʻokalakupua a me ka hoʻopunipuni, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻohālikelike. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano me nā kiʻi kiʻi kikowaena he mea nui i wānana i ka moe kolohe a me ke ʻano hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni, ʻOiai he mea nui ka ʻona o ka histrionic mea nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻalā. Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā ʻike e pili ana i ka palapala moʻoʻepekema pili i nā hanana a me ka ʻimi hoʻokolokolo hou aʻe.
KAHIKI: Ke kāne wahine; ʻAno hele kūlana pālua; Nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino Narcissistic; Hōʻike pono kiʻi
PMID: 31591667
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01538-4
Introduction
Uaʻike mua ka noiʻi kūloko pili i ka moʻo ʻana o ke kāne a me ka wahine wahine hōʻino. Ke hōʻike nei kēia ala ākea i ka pelekikena honua o nā kāne ʻuhane a me ke ʻano o ka wahine a me ke ʻano o ka wahine (Denov, 2017; ʻO Krahé & Berger, 2013). Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wahine wahine ke hoʻoweliweli aku i nā hoa aloha ʻole (Erulkar,) 2004; Hines, 2007) a ua ʻāpono nui nā mea noiʻi i nā nuances i ka pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai kēia (e laʻa me ka hoʻonāukiuki, hoʻomāinoino, a me ka hoʻokau wale ʻana) (Grayston & De Luca, 1999; ʻO Ménard, Hall, Phung, Ghebrial, & Martin, 2003). ʻOiai kēia, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kino a me ke kino i ʻike ʻia e nā kāne i hōʻeha ʻia (Visser, Smith, Rissel, Richters, & Grulich, 2003), kahi kuanaʻike nui o ka wahine i ka hopena o ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea e wehewehe ai i ka huhū wahine (Campbell & Kohut, 2017; Denov, 2017). Pono kēia ʻāpana e hoʻokolokolo ʻia e like me nā ala i ka hōʻeha kolohe i nā kāne a me nā wahine (Krahé & Berger, 2017), a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hana hoʻomohala i ka kāne a ʻaʻole paha iʻike nui ʻia i ka poʻe hana wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, Schatzel-Murphy, Harris, Knight, a me Milburn (2009) ua like no paha ka like o ka kāne a me nā wahine mea hoʻohālikelike a me ke ʻano o nā wahine, a ʻano like ʻole nā hōʻailona o kona hoʻohana ʻana, me ka ʻāwili manuahi (ʻo ia hoʻi, paʻakikī ke kāohi ʻana i nā hana kolohe) i hōʻike ʻia he ʻano ikaika no nā wahine. No laila, ʻo kā mākou noi ʻana, e noiʻi e huli i nā mea pili i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka moekolohe i nā wahine i wehewehe i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano moe kolohe. Hana kikoʻī, i ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻekolu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porno e pili ana i ka hana (hoihoi, nā hana e hoʻohālikelike i ka ponokala, a me ka hoʻokūkū) a me nā ʻano pilikino narcissistic a me ka histrionic i kāʻei ʻia no ka hui ʻana i ka puke me nā hana moekolohe ʻoihana e loaʻa ai ka pilina pili.
Aia ka moekolohe moekolohe ma ka hoʻomau o ka hōʻeuʻeu a me ka wehewehe ʻia e like me "ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi, ka wai ʻona a lāʻau lāʻau paha, a i ʻole ka ikaika e moe kolohe me kekahi e kūʻē i kāna makemake" (Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, & Anderson, 2003, p.76). Hiki i ke kaipo kanaka me ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano hana i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻehā he nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana: (1) ka hana hoʻokalakupua (me ka hoʻohālike, ka honi ʻana a me ka hoʻopā ʻana), (2) ka hana hoʻomāinoino (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia, nīnau, a hoʻohana paha i ka mana). (3) ka waiʻona a me ka inu ʻawaʻawa (ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ʻona nā mea inu ʻawaʻawa a lawe maikaʻi paha i ka ʻona.) Ma kahi kino nui o ka noiʻi ua hoʻokūʻa ʻia i ʻoi aku nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine i hana i ka hoʻomā ʻana i ke kāne. (See Krahé et al., 2015), ua uhi kēia i nā hōʻike e hōʻike pū kekahi mahele o nā wahine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka moekolohe maʻamau (e like me, Hoffmann & Verona, 2018; Krahé, Waizenhöfer, & Möller, 2003; Ménard et al., 2003; ʻO Muñoz, Khan, & Cordwell, 2011; Russell & Oswald, 2001, 2002; Struckman-Johnson et al., 2003). ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hoʻokahi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wahine hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe e like me ke 26% (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 43% no nā kāne) (e ʻike iā Struckman-Johnson et al., 2003), i ka loiloi o ka palapala, Hines (2007) e helu ana i nā helu ma waena o 10 a me 20% no ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka moekolohe, a me 1 a me 3% no ka moekolohe pilikino.
Ma muli o nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokahuli kāne, ʻaʻole paha he mea kupanaha no ka pili ʻana o nā noiʻi liʻiliʻi i ka correlates o ka wahine a me ka hana hoʻomāoino wahine. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi o nā wahine e pili ana i ka paipai ʻana i ke ʻano o ka wahine (eg, Krahé et al., 2003), ka hana hoʻokau manuahi (Schatzel-Murphy et al., 2009), nā ʻano antagonistic e pili ana i nā pilina piliʻana (e like me, Anderson, 1996; ʻO Christopher, Madura, & Weaver, 1998; ʻO Yost & Zurbriggen, 2006), a me nā mea e hoʻoweliweli manuahi (e laʻa ʻo Anderson, 1996; Krahé et al., 2003; Russell & Oswald, 2001). Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā noiʻina hou i ka mana o ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka mumū me ke ʻano interpersonal nui (Ménard et al., 2003) kahi manipulative, pāʻani pāʻani e hoʻokokoke i nā pilina pili loa (Russell & Oswald, 2001, 2002), a me nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi (e laʻa me, Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009a) laila mākaukau e hāʻawi ai i ke kumu no kēia aʻo.
ʻO ka wahine Wahine o nā ʻIokala
ʻO nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i nā mea moekolohe i hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka moekolohe, i loaʻa i nā ʻano laulā (e like me nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō) a kiʻi pinepine ʻia ma ka pūnaewele (Campbell & Kohut, 2017). Ua kālele ʻia ka noiʻi i ka mōʻaukala i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ponokala kiʻi i nā ʻano moekolohe kāne a me nā hana. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi i nā kāne e pili ana i ka moekolohe o nā hoa (Tylka, & Kroon Van Diest, 2015) a me ke ʻano hana launa ʻole (Stanley et al., 2018). ʻO ka ʻai nui ʻana o nā mea ponokala kiʻi, ʻo ia paha, pili pili paha i ka hana kolohe kāne (Gonsalves, Hodges, & Scalora, 2015). Hōʻike ka noiʻi e pili pū nā wahine me nā ponokala kiʻi, ʻoiai ka mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne (Ashton, McDonald, & Kirkman, 2018; Rissel, Richters, de Visser, McKee, Yeung, & Caruana, 2017). Ma muli o ka like ʻole o ke ʻano hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manaʻo o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi wahine ma waena o nā haʻawina, mai ka 1 a i ka 88% e pili ana i ka laʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ponokala kiʻi (Campbell & Kohut, 2017). I ka hoʻokauwili ʻana i kā lākou helu helu makahiki, ʻo pornhub, kahi pūnaewele hoʻolaha pūnaewele pūnaewele nui, i hōʻike ʻia he hapa ma ka hapaha wale o kā lākou mau malihini kipa he wahine a ʻo ko lākou papa kiʻekiʻe.1 ʻO ka ʻimi a puni ka 2017 i "porn no nā wahine," e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻonui 1400% (Pornhub Insights, 2018). ʻOiai kekahi mau noiʻi e hōʻike nei e hoʻohana paha nā wahine i nā ponokala kiʻi me kahi hoa (e laʻa me, Ševčíková & Daneback, 2014), ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kā lākou ponokala kiʻi a ʻoi aku ka pinepine i ka wā hoʻokahi ma mua o kahi hoa (Fisher, Kohut, & Campbell, 2017).
Kūlike me nā noiʻi o nā kiʻi ponokala kāne kāne, ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā wahine i nā ponokala kiʻi e pili pū me nā ʻano e pili ana i ka moekolohe, ka moekolohe, a me nā hana moekolohe (Wright, Bae, & Funk, 2013). Kākoʻo hou ʻia kēia e kahi meta-analysis hou loa i loaʻa, like me nā kāne, hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi wahine me ka hoʻoweliweli wahine, ʻelua ma ka waha (ʻo ia hoʻi, "coercive waha akā ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli i ke kamaʻilio e loaʻa ai ka moekolohe, a me ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa kolohe") (ie, "hoʻohana a hoʻoweliweli paha i ka ikaika kino e loaʻa ai ka moekolohe") (Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2016, p.191). ʻO ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā noi ʻana ma kēia wahi ka mea i maopopo ʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā wahine i nā ponokala kiʻi. I hoʻokahi o ia ʻano noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻia ka wānana ʻia o nā kiʻi pono ʻole i nā ʻano wahine āpau (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana ʻino, ka hoʻopunipuni, ke kuleana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka naʻau) koe wale no ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻoweliweli (Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009a). Aia ke aloha o nā puke nūpepa e hōʻike ana i kahi kūlike no ka noiʻi hou aku i kēia mea, no laila ke noʻonoʻo nei mākou i ʻekolu mau mea e hoʻohana ai nā kiʻi wahine a ka wahine, ʻo ia nō (1) makemake i nā kiʻi, a me nā hana ʻo 2 e hana pū me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma kahi hou i (3) ka hana hoʻomālamalama kiʻi porn. , ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i kona hui ʻana me nā hōʻino pilikino kāne kāne (eg, Gonsalves et al., 2015).
Nā Piʻomanaʻo Narcissistic a me Histrionic Personalidad Disorder
Hiki paha i nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino ke hōʻike aku i ka hiki ke ʻano o ka wahine i ka wahine (Krahé et al., 2003; Russell, Doan, & Mōʻī, 2017). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi pilikino Cluster B, hoʻokalakupua, a me ka erratic (pili i ka kaohi impulse maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka naʻau, a me ka huhū) i mea nui i ka huhū wahine (Mouilso & Calhoun, 2016). No ka hoʻohālikelike, ka pilikia pilikino narcissistic (NPD), i loaʻa i nā kāne (7.7%) a me nā wahine (4.8%) a me ka nui o 6.2% o ka nui o ka lehulehu (Stinson et al., 2008), ke hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano nani o ka pilikino, ka hoʻoilina, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe (Emmons, 1984). I nā kāne, pili maikaʻi nā ʻano narcissistic pilikino me nā manaʻo kākoʻo lōkō a pili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me ka minamina no nā mea i loaʻa i ka pōpō (Bushman, Bonacci, van Dijk, & Baumeister, 2003), ʻoiai ʻo NPD e pili ana i ka hana kolohe ʻana (Mouilso & Calhoun, 2016). Hōʻike nā wahine me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka narcissism i ka kamaʻilio pilina maikaʻi ʻole (Lamkin, Lavner, & Shaffer, 2017) a ʻoi aku paha ke komo i ka moekolohe kolohe (Zeigler-Hill, Besser, Morag, & Campbell, 2016). Pili mau, pili ka narcissism me ka hana a nā wahine i ka moekolohe (Kjellgren, Priebe, Svedin, Mossige, & Långström, 2011; Logan, 2008), me ke kuleana kūpono / exploitativeness i loaʻa i mana nui loa (Blinkhorn, Lyons, & Almond, 2015; ʻO Ryan, Weikel, & Sprechini, 2008). Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā wahine nui i loko o ka narcissism e like me ka huakaʻi a kā lākou kāne kāne i kū i ka hopena me ka hoʻomau a me nā hana hoʻohālikelike hoʻonaninani ma hope o ka hōʻole ʻia i ka wā o ka moekolohe (Blinkhorn et al., 2015). Ma ka ʻāpana, hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hōʻike i ka makemake i nā poʻe narcissistic e hana i ka moekolohe i mea e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou pono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou iho (Gewirtz-Meydan, 2017).
Loaʻa ʻia ma 1 – 3% o ka lehulehu ka nui (Torgersen et al., 2000) a hōʻike ʻelua mau manawa i ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne (Torgersen, Kringlen, & Cramer, 2001), nā ʻae e pili pū ana i ka maʻi histrionic personality (HPD) i ka mamao o ka ʻimi ʻia ʻana ma mua o ka NPD e pili ana i ka hana hoʻomāinoino. Kēia mea kupanaha me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o HPD me ka manaʻo nui o ka naʻau, ka huhū, ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano, a i ʻole a i ʻole a hoʻokūkū ka lawehala (APA,) 2013; Dorfman, 2010; Pohaku, 2005). Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o ka leʻaleʻa lohi (Bornstein & Malka, 2009; Pohaku, 2005), makemake nā wahine me HPD i ka hōʻoia a me ka nānā mai nā hoa pili (AlaviHejazi, Fatehizade, Bahrami, & Etemadi, 2016). ʻO kahi noiʻi i hoʻohālikelike i nā wahine me HPD i kahi pūʻulu kūlike me ka ʻole o nā ʻano pilikino ʻike ʻia ua hana hewa ʻole lākou i ka moekolohe a hōʻike i ka nui o ka moekolohe a me ka luhi ʻana i ka moekolohe me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka moekolohe a me ka hauʻoli o ka pilina (Apt & Hurlbert, 1994). Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻo Apt lāua ʻo Hurlbert i hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kolohe HPD i ka moeʻuhane, aʻo Widiger a me Trull (2007) ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hui pū ʻia paha nā ʻano HPD a me NPD. ʻO ke ʻano koʻikoʻi, manipulative, a me nā moekolohe kolohe i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau aʻo ʻana o nā wahine me NPD a me HPD e pili pono ana i ke kūlike ʻana me nā noiʻi e hōʻike nei i nā mea e hōʻike ana i ka hana ʻana o ka wahine i ka moekolohe. (Eg, Russell & Oswald, 2001, 2002; Schatzel-Murphy et al., 2009) a me ka hoʻohana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi (eg, Wright et al., 2013, 2016). No laila, pono kahi noiʻi hou e nānā i ka hopena o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka HPD a me ka NPD a me nā kiʻi hoka i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana kolohe.
Nānāʻimi
Nānā kēia noiʻi i ka mana o ka ponokalaʻau e hoʻohana ai a me nā ʻano pilikino narcissistic a me ka histrionic ma nā ʻano ʻehā o ka moekolohe. E kūlike me nā noiʻi i hala, ua wānana mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi (e laʻa me Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009a; Wright et al., 2016) a me nā ʻano pilikino narcissistic a histrionic (eg, Apt & Hurlbert, 1994; Blinkhorn et al., 2015; Kjellgren et al., 2011; Logan, 2008; Ryan et al., 2008) e pili nui i nā mea he nui i ʻekolu mau ʻano o ka hana kolohe (ʻo ia hoʻi, nonousbal sex arousal, hoʻonaninani ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻopunipuni, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻoluhi). Ua ʻano mua mākou i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā ʻano pilikino e pili ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano ʻehā o ka hana kūlohelohe (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ikaika kino a i ʻole hoʻoweliweli) e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻole ʻia i ka noiʻi ma mua.
hana
Nā mea komo a me ka Hoʻomākaukau
He 142 mau wahine, he 16-53 mau makahiki (M = 24.23, SD = 7.06), komo i kēia hoʻopaʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau o nā wahine i ka pilina lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau mahina (n = 53.5%). ʻO nā mea i koe i koe he hoʻokahi a hemo paha (n = 24.7%), i ka pili manawa pōkole (n = 11.3%), a male paha (n = 10.6%). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i komo he heterosexual (n = 85.2%), me ka helu liʻiliʻi o bisexual (n = 11.3%) a me ka moe kāne (n = 3.5%) hōʻuluʻulu wahine. Ma lalo o ka hapalua wale nō (n = 43%) o kēia mau wahine i hōʻike e hoʻohana nei lākou i nā ponokala kiʻi. ʻAʻole ʻikepili ʻikepili ʻē aʻe i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua ʻano o ka laʻana manawa kūpono e ʻohiʻohi i ka ʻike mai kahi laʻana like ʻole o nā wahine ma mua o 16 mau makahiki, i ka haumāna a me ka heluna kaiāulu, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka moʻolelo hōʻeha. Ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ka poʻe i komo e hoʻopiha i kahi pepa a nīnau paha ma ka pūnaewele, i manaʻo ʻia e lawe i 15 min. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka uku no ka hana ʻana i kēia noi.
Ua lawe ʻia nā mea komo ma o ka papa haumāna komo hoʻonaʻauao a me nā wahi leʻaleʻa i loko o ke kula nui ma ʻEnelani, a me ka kaiāulu kaiaulu, i loko o nā hale kūʻai kūʻai (n = 37). Ua hāʻawi ka mea kākau mua i nā puke nīnūnē i nā mea komo i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi envelope nona iho, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻi pilikino a me ka inoa ʻole. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻae hoʻomaopopo, ua haʻi waha ʻia ka poʻe komo i ka ʻano inoa inoa ʻole a me ka manawaleʻa o ka nīnau, a ua haʻi hou ʻia ma kahi pepa ʻōlelo pili i ka nīnau nīnau. Ua hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia kēia pepa ʻōlelo ninaninau e pono e hoʻopiha wale i nā nīnau nīnau a ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana o nā nīnau nīnau i hōʻike ʻia ka ʻae no ka hoʻohana i ka ʻike. Ma ka pā kula, ua haʻi ʻia i nā poʻe komo hiki iā lākou ke waiho i nā nīnau ninaninau i loko o nā enopope e hoʻi ai i ka mea noiʻi me ka lima a i kahi pahu kulu paʻa paʻa i loko o kahi lumi waiwai haumāna Ua ʻākoakoa pū ʻia nā mea i komo ma o nā ʻano snowballing e hoʻohana nei i nā hoʻolaha ʻana ma ka pāpili ma Facebook a me Twitter (n = 108). Ua kikoʻī kēia mau pou i nā pahuhopu o ke aʻo a ua kono ʻia nā wahine e komo ma ke kaomi ʻana i kahi hyperlink i hoʻohuli iā lākou e nānā i ka nīnau nīnau ma ka pūnaewele, no laila hiki ke hoʻopau paʻa ʻia a mamao loa hoʻi.
Pākuhi
Kaʻu Pūnaewele: Postrefusal Scual Persistence Scale (PSP Scale, Struckman-Johnson et al., 2003)
ʻO ka PSP Scale kahi ana 19-mea o ka hoʻomau moekolohe postrefusal, wehewehe ʻia e alualu ʻana i ka moekolohe me kahi hoa ma hope o ka hōʻole mua ʻana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pālākiō i ʻehā mau paukū e hōʻike ana i nā pae like ʻole o ka moekolohe: (1) nā hana hoʻowalewale moekolohe ʻole (ʻekolu mau mea, e laʻa, "honi mau ʻana a hoʻopā"); (2) ka hoʻoponopono manipona a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻopunipuni (ʻewalu mau mea, e laʻa, "Hoʻoweliweli e haki"); (3) ka hana ʻino ʻana i ka mea ʻona (ʻelua mau mea, e laʻa, "Hoʻomoe ʻona iā lākou a ʻona"), a (4) hoʻohana i ka ikaika kino a i ʻole nā hoʻoweliweli (ʻeono mau mea, e laʻa, "nakinaki iā lākou"). Ua helu ʻia nā huahana 1 (ʻae) a i ʻole 0 (ʻaʻole), me nā helu kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻoi aku o ka hoʻoikaika kino. Ua huikau ʻia ka hilinaʻi kūloko no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i nā noi i hala (e laʻa me Khan, Brewer, Kim, & Centifanti, 2017), i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana: ʻo ka nonverbal sexual arousal (α = .81); ka hana hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni (α = .39); ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea ʻona (α = .38); a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika kino a i ʻole nā hoʻoweliweli (α = .00).
Hoʻohana Kiʻi Kiʻi Pūnaewele: Cyber-Ponokala Hoʻohana Inventory (CPUI, Grubbs, Sessoms, Wheeler, & Volk, 2010)
ʻEkolu mau papa inoa CPUI i hoʻohana ʻia: hoihoi (ʻelua mau mea, ʻo ia hoʻi, "loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mau pūnaewele ponokala i kahakaha ʻia" a "hoʻolilo wau ma mua o 5 h i kēlā me kēia pule me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole"), nā hana e komo pū me nā ponokala kiʻi (ʻelima mau mea, e laʻa, " hoʻoponopono hou i kaʻu papa kuhikuhi i hiki ai iaʻu ke nānā i nā ponokala kiʻi ma ka pūnaewele me ka hoʻohaunaele ʻole ʻia "a" ua hōʻole wau e hele me nā hoaaloha a i ʻole hele i kekahi mau hana kaiaulu e loaʻa ai ka manawa kūpono e nānā ai i nā ponokala kiʻi "), a me ka compulsivity (11 mau mea, e laʻa. "Ke hiki ʻole iaʻu ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma ka pūnaewele, hopohopo wau, huhū, a hoʻohoka ʻia paha" a "Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopau i kaʻu hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole". Hoʻokahi mea hope loa "Manaʻo wau ua lilo wau i ka ponokala kiʻi pūnaewele" ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano kontroversial o nā huaʻōlelo "moe kolohe" a me "hōʻalo ponokala kiʻi" (Schneider, 1994). Ma ka hoihoi a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻeu, hōʻike nā mea i hōʻike i nā pane he "ʻoiaʻiʻo" (kiʻi ʻo 2) a i ʻole "wahaheʻe" (kiʻi ʻo 1), ʻoiai i ka ʻōpū o ke kālā, ua kākau ʻia nā pane ma kahi kiko 7-point (1 = ikaika ʻole ʻole iā 7 = ʻae maikaʻi ʻoi aku), me nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka nānā aku i ke kiʻi ʻana, nā ʻoi ʻana, a me nā koi. Loaʻa nā pono: makemake α = .40; hooikaika α = .58; a me ka compulsivity α = .75.
Nā Nānākū Pōkuhi Holoiʻi a me ka Histrionic: ʻAno Kūlohelohe Pilikino Kēlākē, ʻnalelo 4th Edition (PDQ-4: Hyler, 1994)
Kuhi ʻia nā huahana ma nā pēpē PDQ-4 Narcissistic a me Histrionic i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka paila o ka DSM-IV no nā maʻi Axis II a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā haʻawina hoʻohālikelike e hūnā i nā ʻano hōʻino pilikino a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻokau wahine ma ka wahine (eg, Khan et al., 2017; Muñoz et al., 2011). Loaʻa nā helu ma ka subscale Narcissistic (ʻeiwa mau huahana, e like me "manaʻo kekahi e lawe pono ana i kekahi") a me Histrionic subscale (ʻewalu mau mea, no ka mea, "ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapanui") i loaʻa ma ka hoʻopiʻi "hewa" (kiʻi ʻo 0 ) a i ʻole "mau" (pane 1) i pane, me ka ʻoi aʻe ke kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka ʻano narcissistic a me ka histrionic ʻano. Nā kūʻiʻo i: narcissistic α = .63 a me ka histrionic α = .47.
Results
ʻO ka manuahi moʻo wahine (35.2%) ka mea maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻomohala pili kino, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāʻī a me ke hoʻopunipuni (15.5%), a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻalā (4.9%). ʻOiai hoʻokahi wahine i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻohana ana i ka ikaika kūlohelohe a me nā hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia kēia subscale i loko o nā noiʻi hope aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻikepili (Papa 1ua hōʻike i nā pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka hana hoʻonaninani ʻo ke ʻano wahine, ka makemake a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā pono HPD. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana hoʻolāwili i ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻopunipuni e hoʻomāliuki i ka hoa pili a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea inu ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi ke hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hana hoʻoluhi, a me nā ʻano HPD. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hoʻoponopono hou ma waena o nā loli a me waena o nā ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike.
Papa 1
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka makemake kiʻi ʻole i ka porno, ka hoʻoikaika, a me ka compulsivity, narcissistic a me ka histrionic ʻano hanana pilikino, a me ka hana hoʻomālamalama.
POI | POE | POC | NDP | HPD | NVA | EMD | EXI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POI | ||||||||
POE | .36 ** | |||||||
POC | .13 | .38 ** | ||||||
NDP | .01 | .15 | -.05 | |||||
HPD | .04 | .28 ** | .18 * | .45 ** | ||||
NVA | .17 * | .27 ** | .06 | .09 | .22 ** | |||
EMD | .14 | .38 ** | .24 ** | .12 | .25 ** | .34 ** | ||
EXI | .11 | .22 ** | .20 * | -.02 | .29 ** | .33 ** | .27 ** | |
M | 2.04 | 5.29 | 17.01 | 1.75 | 2.49 | .58 | .21 | .06 |
SD | .18 | .70 | 5.39 | 1.72 | 1.61 | .93 | .54 | .26 |
huahelu | 2-4 | 5-10 | 11-77 | 0-9 | 0-8 | 0-3 | 0-8 | 0-2 |
Ua hana ʻia nā ʻano hui kuhi he nui no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā makemake porn, nā hana, a me ka ʻōpū e like me ka NPD a me ka HPD mau mea wānana i ka moe kolohe (nonverbal sexual arousal, hoʻokūkino a me ka hoʻopunipuni, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea make) (e nānā i ka Papa 2). ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike he mea nui i wānana i ka moe kolohe nonverbal, F(5, 136) = 3.28, p = .008, e wehewehe nei i ka 10.8% o ka ʻokoʻa kaohi kaohi wahine (R2 = .11, Adj R2 = .08). ʻO ka hana ponokala kiʻi wale nō ka mea wanana i pili nui me kēia ʻano o ka moekolohe.Β = .22, t = 2.29, p = .024). Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi lua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka manaʻo hoʻohālike nui i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻopunipuni, a me ka hoʻopunipuni. F(5, 136) = 5.83, p <.001, e wehewehe nei i ka 17.6%% o ka moekolohe ʻokoʻa (R2 = .18, Adj R2 = .15). ʻO ka hana ponokala kiʻi wale nō ka mea nui i wānana i ka manipona o ka naʻau a me ka hoʻopunipuni (Β = .29, t = 3.14, p = .002). ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hōʻike kahi kolu i hōʻike mua loa i ka hana hoʻohālike he mea nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻohālikelike, F(5,136) = 4.47, p = .001, e wehewehe nei i ka 14.1% o ka ʻokoʻa kaohi kaohi wahine (R2 = .14, Adj R2 = .11). ʻO nā ʻano HPD ka mea wānana nui wale o kēlā me kēia (Β = .32, t = 3.45, p = .001).
Papa 2
Nā hualoaʻa kaila linear Multiplayer no ka makemake ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi, nā hana, a me nā hana hoʻonaninani, nā ʻano ʻonaʻohana a me ka histrionic ʻano pilikino, a me ka moekolohe.
ʻAno lawaiʻa | ANOVA | R 2 | Adji R2 | ʻO ka mea wānana kūʻokoʻa | Β | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ʻO ke ʻano moe kolohe | F(5, 136) = 3.28, p = .008 | .11 | .08 | ka ukupanee | .09 | 1.05 | .295 |
ke kākoʻo 'ana | .22 | 2.29 | .024 | ||||
Ka paʻaʻana | - .07 | - .81 | .421 | ||||
Haika | - .03 | - .29 | .776 | ||||
Ku? L? L? | .18 | 1.87 | .063 | ||||
Ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni | F(5, 136) = 5.83, p <.001 | .18 | .15 | ka ukupanee | .01 | .17 | .869 |
ke kākoʻo 'ana | .29 | 3.14 | .002 | ||||
Ka paʻaʻana | .11 | 1.24 | .217 | ||||
Haika | .01 | .14 | .888 | ||||
Ku? L? L? | .15 | 1.61 | .111 | ||||
Ke lilo nei o ka makewai | F(5, 136) = 4.47, p = .001 | .14 | .11 | ka ukupanee | .05 | .53 | .596 |
ke kākoʻo 'ana | .11 | 1.15 | .253 | ||||
Ka paʻaʻana | .08 | .96 | .337 | ||||
Haika | - .17 | - 1.93 | .056 | ||||
Ku? L? L? | .32 | 3.45 | .001 |
kūkākūkā
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia, pili ka hoʻāʻo ponokala me ka hoʻohana a nā wahine i ka hoʻonāukiuki nonverbal i ka moekolohe a me ka manipona a me nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni o ka moekolohe. Kūlike ākea kēia ʻike me nā noiʻi ma mua e pili ana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni wahine a nā wahine me nā ʻano o nā hana hoʻokamakama, e like me ka hoʻomāinoino, ka hoʻokau waha, a me ka hoʻopunipuni (Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009a; Wright et al., 2016), ʻoiai he mea noiʻi hou ʻia e noʻonoʻo no ke kumu o ka hoihoi ʻia a me ka compulsivity i pili ʻole i ka pili me ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi iki nā hua o ka noiʻi hoʻohālikelike, wehewehe ʻia nā wehewehe no kēia mau ʻike. ʻO ka laʻana, ʻo ka noiʻi ma mua me nā kāne kāne i ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka pili pono e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana kolohe (e like me, Gonsalves et al., 2015), he mea hoʻohanohano paha kēia ʻokoʻa wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea paʻa alpha no nā hana compulsivity i hoʻohana ʻia i kā lākou aʻo ʻana he haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka hilahila e hoʻowalewale i nā ʻike. E like me kēia wahi e ʻimi hou ai, e noʻonoʻo pono no nā noi ʻana i ka wā e ʻimi ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kiʻi a me nā kiʻi i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻike ʻia kā kā mākou noiau ua pili pū nā ʻano HPD i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻolalapiʻi, kahi kuhi ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka noʻonoʻo, e noi ana no ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻonāukiuki e hoʻopunipuni i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe (e hoʻohālike ai, AlaviHejazi et al., 2016; Bornstein & Malka, 2009; Dorfman, 2010; Pohaku, 2005). He ʻoiaʻiʻo paha, koi aku ka wahine i ka hoa i ka wā e hōʻole ʻia (Wright, Norton, & Matusek, 2010). ʻAʻole i like me nā kāne (i hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā wahine e ʻenekina e ka mana), ua hōʻike ʻia ka wahine hoʻokūkū wahine e hoʻoulu ʻia e ka pilina pili pilikino (Zurbriggen, 2000), e hoʻonui ʻia paha i nā wahine me nā ʻano HPD e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka moekolohe (Apt & Hurlbert, 1994). ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana coercive e hana kolohe ai i ka mea ʻona hiki ke hōʻike i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka moekolohe i hōʻike ʻia i nā wahine me HPD (e ʻike iā Apt & Hurlbert, 1994), ma laila ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e pono ai i kekahi pae o ka ikaika. ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo e manaʻo nei i ka ʻano o ka NPD ma luna o kahi hana hoʻomāne kino. Ua wānana ʻia kēia ma muli o nā hui i hōʻike ʻia ma waena o ka narcissism, kahi hana hoʻokaumaha (Zeigler-Hill et al., 2016), a me ke koi aku (Blinkhorn et al., 2015). Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻike i nā mea like ma waena o nā ʻano NPD a me HPD (e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia e Apt & Hurlbert, 1994; Widiger & Trull, 2007); pela, e lilo ia i mea maikaʻi no nā hoʻokolokolo ma hope e makaʻala hou i kēia ʻike.
Ma kahi e nui ai ka noiʻi nui a ua hui ʻia nā ʻike, ʻaʻole mākou i hana i ka wānana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika kūlohelohe a i ʻole e weliweli i ka hoa hana, a ma hope, e like me ka mea hoʻokahi i hōʻike i kēia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia kālā mai ka hoʻoili ʻana. ʻO nā haʻawina ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn e hiki ai i ke ʻano no ka mea pili i ka moekolohe. 2015), paha e hōʻike ana i ke akahele nui a makaʻu paha i ka hoʻopaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka wahine hana kolohe i ka moekolohe ke ʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūʻē ʻana o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia ma mua o nā kāne hana hewa (O'Sullivan, Byers, & Finkelman, 1998). Akā, e hoʻohui hou i kēia, nā noiʻi e nānā ana i ka mana o nā kiʻi wahine e pili ana i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hōʻike kolohe. No ka laʻana, kahi loiloi meta-noi o nā haʻawina 22 i ʻike ua hoʻohana ka ponokala wahine i wānana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka puʻe ʻana o ka wahine, a me ka kaha kino a me ka hoʻoweliweli (e like me, Wright et al., 2016), ʻoiai ua loaʻa kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a nā wahine i ka hoʻoweliweli kino a me ka ikaika (e like me, Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009a). Ma hope o ka noiʻi ʻana e hiki ke ʻike i kēia mau mea e noʻonoʻo pono ai e hoʻowalewale paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi i ka wahine i mea e hoʻohana ai i ka ikaika kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā hoʻoweliweli wale nō inā ʻaʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano hoʻoweliweli.
Hoʻohui a me nā kuhikuhi ʻimi noiʻi
ʻOiai ke ho'āʻo nei e hōʻiliʻili i nā poʻe hou aku, ua ʻohi ʻia kēia aʻo e kona hoʻohana ʻana i kahi tauira liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole probabilistic; nolaila, ua palena pau ka generalizability. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nīnau noiʻi ponoʻī pono e nānā ai i ke kumuhana pili i ke ʻano hemo kūlohelohe kūmole (eg, Gonsalves et al., 2015) a me nā ʻano maʻi pilikino (Hoffmann & Verona, 2018; Khan et al., 2017; Muñoz et al., 2011) ua hopena paha i ka makemake kaiāulu a i ʻole ka hoʻomanaʻo bias. Eia kekahi, ua haʻahaʻa nā alphas a Cronbach no kekahi mau kōmi. Ma kahi ʻāpana, hōʻike kēia i ke ʻano o ke ana. (ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoihoi a me nā ponokala kiʻi i loko o ʻelua mau mea.) ʻOi aku ka nui a me nā ana kikoʻī no ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea nui, he kiaʻi e nānā pono ʻole i ka mana o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea ponokala kiʻi, ke ʻike ʻia nā wahine i ke ʻano o nā mea moekolohe e pili ana i ka moekolohe, e like me nā kiʻi kolohe kolohe ʻole (Mattebo, Tyden, Haggstrom-Nordin, Nilsson, & Larsson, 2016). Aia paha i loko o nā kiʻi ʻino nā kiʻi kolohe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha (Romito & Beltramini, 2015) a i ʻole nā kiʻi stereotyped o nā wahine (Zhou & Bryant, 2016), ka mea a nā wahine i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻāla ʻia e ka poʻe kāne (Glascock, 2005). Hiki paha i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā ponokala ʻoihana, e pili ana i ka pae o ka like ʻole o ke kāne a Klaassen a me Peter 2015). E like paha me ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa wahine e pili ana i ke alapine a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻi ponokala (Bohm, Franz, Dekker, & Matthiesen, 2015; ʻO Hald & Stulhofer, 2016), he mea kūpono no nā noi i ka wā e nānā pololei ai i ka hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kiʻi wahine i hoʻohana ʻia e nā wahine i kā lākou ʻano hana ʻano moeʻū, ʻaʻole i ka extrapolate mai ka noiʻi ʻana o nā kāne noiʻi.
I loko nō o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka poʻe komo, ua kaupalena ʻia ka helu o nā mea helu kanaka i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka nīnau nīnau, ma muli o kekahi o nā kulekele kūpili koʻikoʻi. no laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke nānā i nā ʻokoʻa lāhui e pili ana i ka hoʻokau wahine. He mea hoihoi paha kēia e mākaʻikaʻi ma ke ʻano he noiʻi ma mua i ʻike ʻia e hōʻike ana nā kāne ʻĀkia i nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka moekolohe ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kā lākou mau Black, White, a me nā Latina (e nānā i ka ʻōlelo Palani, Tilghman, & Malebranche, 2015). ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia e nā haʻawina mua e like me nā mea nui o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i ka wahine i loko o ka wahine, a no laila e hoʻohua ʻia nā hopena waiwai i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻona (Ménard et al., 2003) a me ka mōʻaukala kolohe (Anderson, 1996; Russell & Oswald, 2001; 2002). He mea koʻikoʻi paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona ka mea a kēia noiʻi i ʻike ai i nā ʻano HPD e pili loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moe kolohe. E kamaʻilio pū me nā mea noiʻi lehulehu ʻē aʻe, ua noi ʻia kēia noiʻi e nānā i nā hana hoʻohālikelike wahine i ka wahine me nā hihia ʻole i ka hewa; ʻoiai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻana i nā poʻe mai ka hui kaiaulu a me nā haumāna, hiki i kēia ana ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā nīnau no ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mōʻaukala lawehala. No laila, ʻo nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana me nā wahine i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pololei i ka komo ʻana o nā mea komo i ka hewa hewa a i ʻole ke hōʻili ʻia i nā poʻe hui me nā moʻolelo lawehala i ʻike ʻia mai nā poʻe olakino a forensic paha.
ʻO ke kaʻe ʻana o nā kāne a me nā kāne he ʻehā i manaʻo ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka lehulehu ma mua o ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o ka wahine e nā kāne (French et al., 2015; Huitema & Vanwesenbeeck, 2016; Struckman-Johnson et al., 2003; Studzinska & Hilton, 2017). ʻOiai ʻo nā kāne i hoʻomāinoino ʻia e ka moekolohe wahine e hōʻike pū paha i nā pane maikaʻi i ka hoʻomāinoino wahine, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi he 90% o nā kāne e hōʻike nei ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi pane maikaʻi ʻole i ka coercion (Kernsmith & Kernsmith, 2009b) a hōʻike i nā pilikia noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi a me nā pilikia ma ka hopena (French et al., 2015; Turchik, 2012; Walker, ʻAlika, & Davis, 2005). Loaʻa ka noiʻi liʻiliʻi iki, akā naʻe, e ʻike i nā mea e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohewa ʻia o ka hōʻino wahine. Hōʻike nā hōʻike mua i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kāne hana kolohe he mea hōʻeuʻeu, manaʻo ʻia nā mea hana hewa wahine e like me promiscuous (Oswald & Russell, 2006).). Pono e noiʻi hou i ka ʻike e ʻike i nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻikepili o ka pepehi ʻana, ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mea i hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole ka ʻike mua ʻana he mea he neʻe a he mea i hōʻeha ʻia. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi o ka hana hoʻomāinoino i ʻike ʻia e nā wahine e ʻike nei me LGBTQ he ala kūpono nō hoʻi ia e ninaninau hou aku nei, e like me nā ʻike ma mua ua ʻike ʻia he mea pinepine ʻia akā i ʻike ʻia (eg, Turell. 2000; ʻO Waterman, Dawson, & Bologna, 1989). ʻO ka mea hope loa, he mea nui e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i noiʻi i ka hana a nā wahine i ka moekolohe ma mua o ka hana kāne ma hope o ka hōʻole mua ʻana. Hiki paha i kahi ʻano o nā mea pākahi a me nā kūlana kūlana ke wānana i nā pane i ka lawena hoʻokalakupua e like me ka hoʻohuli ʻana e makemake ʻia ka moekolohe, ka mālama ʻana i ka moekolohe makemake ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana o kahi pilina (eg, Nurius & Norris, 1996). ʻO ka nui o ka hana kolohe a ka wahine i ka hopena o ka moekolohe ʻaʻole maopopo, akā, a me ka noiʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke noʻonoʻo, no ka laʻana, inā paha e komo ka moekolohe i ka moekolohe a me ka nui e makemake ʻole ʻia ai kēia. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole i loiloi ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i nā pane a nā wahine i ka hōʻole a kā lākou hoa. ʻOiai ua hōʻike ʻia e ʻike nā wahine i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hōʻole kolohe ma mua o nā kāne (de Graaf & Sandfort, 2004) ke kū nei i kēlā mau kumu i ka pane i ka hōʻole.
E hoʻopau i ka hopena, ua noiʻi mākou i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā wahine i ke kaʻi ʻana i ka moekolohe. Hōʻike ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana o nā wahine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi huki i ka pili me nā subtypes o ka hōʻoki kino. Pono nā noiʻi o ka wā e huli hou aku i ka hopena o ka hana kiʻi i ka porn a me nā ʻano HPD ma muli o ka moekolohe.
Nāʻaoʻao hemahema
- 1.
ʻO "Trending" pili i kahi kumuhana e ʻike i ke piʻi ʻana o ke kaulana i loaʻa i kahi palena liʻiliʻi, mai nā ʻoihana e hiki ke hoʻopulapula i ka mea e makemake ana i ka makemake o ka mea kūʻai.
Notes
Kuhi i nā Kaulike Kuʻuna
Kōkua hihia
Hōʻike nā mea kākau i ka loaʻaʻole o kā lākou pānaʻi.
Pepa Lauleʻa
Ua ʻae ʻia kēia haʻawina e ke Kōmike University Ethics ma muli o nā alakaʻi kulekele Pelekānia.
Hōʻike Kūpono
Ua hiki i nā poʻe komo ke hāʻawi i ka ʻae i ʻōlelo ʻia e komo i kēia aʻo.
E hoʻomaopopo '
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