YBOP COV LUS QHUAB QHIA: Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thiab sim cov cuab yeej ntsuas tshiab, raws li Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb cov txheej txheem ICD-11 Gaming Disorder. Nws tau tsim los ntsuas ntau qhov tshwj xeeb hauv Internet-siv Disorders (kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv online) suav nrog "kev siv duab liab qab."
Nrog rau kev suav nrog kev ua si tsis zoo hauv ICD-11, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tau qhia txog qhov teeb meem tshiab no. Cov txheej txheem no kuj tseem siv tau rau lwm yam kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb, uas tej zaum yuav raug cais tawm hauv ICD-11 raws li lwm yam kev mob vim yog kev coj cwj pwm, xws li kev muag khoom-kev tsis sib haum xeeb, hauv online duab liab qab-siv tsis meej, social-networks-use disorder, thiab online twv txiaj tsis meej. [tseem ceeb ntxiv]
ICD-11 teev Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Sib Deev (CSBD), uas ntau tus xav tias muaj teeb meem kev siv duab liab qab yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm, raws li kev tswj tsis tau lub zog. Compulsive purchase-shopping disorder yog teev raws li ib qho piv txwv nyob rau hauv qeb 'lwm yam kev cai impulse tswj tsis meej' (6C7Y) tab sis tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm online thiab offline variants. Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov lus nug uas siv dav tshaj plaws los ntsuas kev yuav khoom (Maraz et al., 2015; Müller, Mitchell, Vogel, & de Zwaan, 2017). Social-networks-siv tsis meej tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv ICD-11. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov pov thawj-raws li kev sib cav rau txhua qhov ntawm peb qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab cais ua kev coj cwj pwm (Hom li al, 2020; Gola thiab lwm tus, 2017; Müller li al., 2019; Stark li al., 2018; Wegmann, Müller, Ostendorf, & Brand, 2018). [tseem ceeb ntxiv]
Abstract
Tom qab thiab aims
Nrog rau kev suav nrog kev ua si tsis zoo hauv ICD-11, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tau qhia txog qhov teeb meem tshiab no. Cov txheej txheem no kuj tseem siv tau rau lwm yam kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb, uas tej zaum yuav raug cais nyob rau hauv ICD-11 raws li lwm yam kab mob vim yog kev coj cwj pwm, xws li kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev siv duab liab qab hauv online-siv teeb meem, kev sib raug zoo network-siv. teeb meem, thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online tsis meej. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej uas twb muaj lawm, peb tau npaj los tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ntsuas kev lag luam ntawm cov hom loj ntawm (muaj peev xwm) tshwj xeeb kev siv Internet tsis zoo raws li ICD-11 cov qauv rau kev ua si tsis zoo.
txoj kev
Qhov tshiab 11-khoom Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntawm Cov Cai rau Cov Kev Siv Hauv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb (ACSID-11) ntsuas tsib tus cwj pwm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nrog tib yam khoom los ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm WHO's ASSIST. ACSID-11 tau tswj hwm rau cov neeg siv Internet nquag (N = 985) ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm Kaum Ib Yam Khoom Siv Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) thiab cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. Peb siv Confirmatory Factor Analyzes los txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawm ACSID-11.
tau
Lub assumed plaub-factorial qauv tau lees paub thiab yog superior rau cov unidimensional tov. Qhov no siv rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua si thiab rau lwm yam kev siv hauv Internet. ACSID-11 cov qhab nia cuam tshuam nrog IGDT-10 nrog rau kev ntsuas ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws.
Sib tham thiab qhov xaus
ACSID-11 zoo nkaus li tsim nyog rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ib yam ntawm (muaj peev xwm) kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb raws li ICD-11 cov txheej txheem kuaj mob rau kev ua si tsis zoo. ACSID-11 tej zaum yuav yog ib qho cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab kev lag luam rau kev kawm ntau yam kev coj cwj pwm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nrog cov khoom qub thiab txhim kho kev sib piv.
Introduction
Kev faib tawm thiab kev nkag tau yooj yim rau hauv Is Taws Nem ua rau cov kev pabcuam online tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj thiab muaj ntau yam zoo. Dhau li ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg feem ntau, kev coj cwj pwm hauv online tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis tau muaj nyob hauv qee tus neeg (xws li, King & Potenza, 2019; Cov hluas, 2004). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua si ua ntau thiab ntau qhov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem (Faust thiab Prochaska, 2018; Rumpf li al., 2018). Tom qab kev lees paub ntawm 'Internet gaming disorder' nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib hloov kho ntawm Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) raws li ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev kawm ntxiv, kev ua si tsis zoo tam sim no tau suav nrog kev kuaj mob raug cai (6C51) hauv 11th hloov kho ntawm International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2018). Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev daws cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tsis zoo (Billieux, Stein, Castro-Calvo, Higushi, & Vaj, 2021). Kev kis thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua si tsis zoo yog kwv yees li 3.05%, uas yog piv rau lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev siv yeeb tshuaj lossis kev puas siab puas ntsws (obsessive-compulsive).Stevens, Dorstyn, Delfabbro, & Vaj, 2021). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kwv yees kwv yees sib txawv heev nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas siv (Stevens li al., 2021). Tam sim no, toj roob hauv pes ntawm cov cuab yeej yog manifold. Kev ntsuas feem ntau yog ua raws li DSM-5 cov txheej txheem rau Internet gaming teeb meem thiab tsis muaj ib qho zoo li qhov zoo dua (King thiab al., 2020). Zoo sib xws siv rau lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm zoo hauv Is Taws Nem, xws li teeb meem siv duab liab qab hauv online, kev sib tham, lossis kev yuav khoom hauv online. Cov teeb meem kev coj cwj pwm no tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ke nrog kev ua si tsis zoo (Burleigh, Griffiths, Sumich, Stavropoulos, & Kuss, 2019; Müller li al., 2021), tab sis kuj yuav yog ib lub koom haum. Cov txheej txheem theoretical tsis ntev los no xws li Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm Tus Neeg-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) qauv (Hom Tshuaj, Hluas, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016; Hom li al, 2019) xav tias cov txheej txheem puas siab puas ntsws zoo sib xws hauv qab ntawm ntau hom (online) kev coj cwj pwm. Cov kev xav tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua ntej uas tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob ntxiv, xws li, hais txog cov txheej txheem neuropsychological (Bechara, 2005; Robinson & Berridge, 1993), genetic yam (Blum li al., 2000), los yog cov khoom sib xws (Griffiths, 2005). Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav rau (muaj peev xwm) tshwj xeeb kev siv Internet tsis zoo raws li cov qauv qub tam sim no tsis muaj nyob. Kev tshuaj ntsuam tsis tu ncua thoob plaws ntau hom kab mob vim kev coj cwj pwm yog qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv kom siv tau.
Nyob rau hauv ICD-11, gaming disorder yog teev dhau ntawm kev twv txiaj tsis meej nyob rau hauv qeb 'kev mob vim kev coj cwj pwm'. Cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tau npaj tseg (rau ob qho tib si) yog: (1) kev tswj tsis tau ntawm tus cwj pwm (piv txwv li, qhov pib, zaus, kev siv zog, lub sijhawm, kev txiav tawm, cov ntsiab lus); (2) nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm mus rau qhov uas tus cwj pwm coj ua ntej tshaj lwm yam kev nyiam thiab kev ua ub no txhua hnub; (3) Kev txuas ntxiv lossis nce ntxiv ntawm tus cwj pwm txawm tias muaj qhov tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias tsis hais ncaj qha raws li cov txheej txheem ntxiv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tias tus cwj pwm coj tus cwj pwm ua rau (4) kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej niaj hnub (xws li, tus kheej, tsev neeg, kev kawm, lossis teeb meem kev sib raug zoo) thiab / lossis kev ntxhov siab (World Health Organization, 2018). Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si yuav tsum suav nrog thaum kawm txog kev coj cwj pwm muaj peev xwm. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov qauv no kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qeb 'lwm qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb vim yog kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo' (6C5Y), uas yuav muaj teeb meem kev yuav khoom, duab liab qab-siv tsis zoo, thiab kev sib raug zoo network-siv tsis zoo tej zaum yuav raug categorized (Hom li al, 2020). Kev yuav khoom hauv online tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau, tsis zoo ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv online ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas tshwm sim rov tshwm sim txawm tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab yog li yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Internet (Müller, Laskowski, thiab al., 2021). Cov duab liab qab-siv tsis zoo yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm kev noj (online) cov ntsiab lus duab liab qab, uas yog cais los ntawm lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm sib deev (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016; Kraus li al., 2018). Social-networks-siv tsis zoo tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau ntawm kev sib tham (nrog rau cov chaw sib tham hauv social network thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus hauv online) uas ua rau txo qis kev tswj hwm ntawm kev siv, nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv, thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv social network txawm tias ntsib kev tsis zoo (Andreassen, 2015). Tag nrho peb qhov kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv chaw kho mob uas qhia qhov zoo sib xws nrog lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm (xws li, Hom li al, 2020; Griffiths, Kuss, & Demetrovics, 2014; Müller li al., 2019; Stark, Klucken, Npaws Khaub Ncaws, Hom, & Strahler, 2018).
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv Internet tsis zoo yog feem ntau yog raws li cov ntsiab lus dhau los, xws li hloov pauv ntawm Young's Internet Addiction Test (xws li, Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Hom, 2013; Wegmann, Stodt, & Hom, 2015) lossis "Bergen" nplai raws li Griffiths 'kev quav tshuaj tiv thaiv (xws li, Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, & Pallesen, 2012; Andreassen li al., 2015), los yog lawv ntsuas unidimensional constructs raws li DSM-5 cov qauv rau gaming teeb meem (xws li, Lemmens, Valkenburg, & Gentile, 2015; Van den Eijnden, Lemmens, & Valkenburg, 2016) lossis kev twv txiaj tsis meej (rau kev tshuaj xyuas saib Otto thiab al., 2020). Qee qhov kev ntsuas ua ntej tau txais los ntawm kev ntsuas rau kev twv txiaj tsis zoo, kev siv tshuaj yeeb dawb lossis tau tsim kho qhov tseeb (Laconi, Rodgers, & Chabrol, 2014). Ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej no qhia txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb raws li tau hais tseg hauv kev tshuaj xyuas sib txawv (Huab tais, Haagsma, Delfabbro, Gradisar, & Griffiths, 2013; Lortie & Guitton, 2013; Petry, Rehbein, Ko, & O'Brien, 2015). King li al (2020) tau txheeb xyuas 32 qhov sib txawv ntsuas ntsuas kev ua si tsis zoo, uas qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev tshawb fawb. Txawm tias cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab siv dav, xws li Young's Internet Addiction Test (Cov hluas, 1998), tsis tsim nyog sawv cev rau kev kuaj mob rau kev ua si tsis zoo, tsis yog DSM-5 lossis ntawm ICD-11. King li al (2020) ntxiv taw tes ntawm psychometric tsis muaj zog, piv txwv li, tsis muaj kev lees paub qhov tseeb thiab tias cov cuab yeej feem ntau tau tsim los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm ib qho kev tsim tsis tsim nyog. Nws qhia tau hais tias cov lej ntawm tus kheej cov tsos mob raug suav es tsis txhob saib qhov zaus thiab kev siv zog ntawm tus kheej. Lub Kaum Ib Yam Khoom Siv Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10; Király li al., 2017) tam sim no zoo li txaus ntes DSM-5 cov txheej txheem tab sis tag nrho tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwm sim kom meej meej nyiam (King thiab al., 2020). Tsis ntev los no, ntau qhov ntsuas tau qhia ua thawj cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov ntsuas ICD-11 rau kev ua si tsis zoo (Balhara thiab al., 2020; Higuchi thiab al., 2021; Jo et al., 2020; Paschke, Austermann, & Thomasius, 2020; Pontes li al., 2021) as well as social-networks-use disorder (Paschke, Austermann, & Thomasius, 2021). Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem xav tias tsis yog txhua tus tsos mob yuav tsum tau ntsib sib npaug, piv txwv li, sib npaug ntau lossis sib npaug sib npaug. Nws yog li zoo li xav tau tias cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam tuaj yeem ntes ob qho tib si, tag nrho cov tsos mob kev paub, thiab tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm ib tus se. Hloov chaw, ntau txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov tsos mob twg ua rau txiav txim siab, lossis nyob rau theem sib txawv, rau kev txhim kho thiab kev saib xyuas tus cwj pwm teeb meem, cuam tshuam nrog kev txom nyem siab dua, lossis seb nws tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb xwb.
Cov teeb meem zoo sib xws thiab qhov tsis sib xws tau tshwm sim thaum saib cov cuab yeej ntsuas lwm hom kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb, xws li kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev siv duab liab qab hauv online, thiab kev sib raug zoo-kev siv network. Cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas siv Internet no tsis raug cais tawm hauv ICD-11 qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua si thiab kev twv txiaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev twv txiaj tsis meej, ntau yam tshuaj ntsuam xyuas twb muaj lawm, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj pov thawj txaus (Otto thiab al., 2020), thiab tsis hais txog ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau kev twv txiaj tsis meej lossis tsom mus rau feem ntau ntawm kev twv txiaj hauv online (Albrecht, Kirschner, & Grüsser, 2007; Dowling li al., 2019). ICD-11 teev Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Cuam Tshuam Kev Cuam Tshuam (CSBD), uas ntau tus xav tias muaj teeb meem kev siv duab liab qab yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm, raws li kev tswj hwm tsis zoo. Compulsive purchase-shopping disorder yog teev raws li ib qho piv txwv nyob rau hauv qeb 'lwm yam kev cai impulse tswj tsis meej' (6C7Y) tab sis tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm online thiab offline variants. Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv cov lus nug uas siv dav tshaj plaws los ntsuas kev yuav khoom (Maraz et al., 2015; Müller, Mitchell, Vogel, & de Zwaan, 2017). Social-networks-siv tsis meej tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv ICD-11. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-raws li kev sib cav rau txhua qhov ntawm peb qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab cais ua kev coj cwj pwm (Hom li al, 2020; Gola thiab lwm tus, 2017; Müller li al., 2019; Stark li al., 2018; Wegmann, Müller, Ostendorf, & Brand, 2018). Dhau li ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev pom zoo hais txog kev faib tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb hauv Is Taws Nem siv, kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev siv cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam (rau kev tshuaj xyuas saib Andreassen, 2015; Fernandez & Griffiths, 2021; Hussain & Griffiths, 2018; Müller li al., 2017). Piv txwv li, muaj ntau tshaj 20 cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas qhov teeb meem siv duab liab qab (Fernandez & Griffiths, 2021) tab sis tsis muaj ib qho txaus them rau ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim yog kev coj cwj pwm, uas yog ze rau ICD-11 cov qauv rau CSBD.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb zoo li yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua si tsis zoo thiab kev siv social network (Burleigh thiab al., 2019; Müller li al., 2021). Siv latent profile tsom xam, Charzyńska, Sussman, thiab Atroszko (2021) tau txheeb xyuas tias kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev sib tham thiab kev yuav khoom nrog rau kev ua si tsis zoo thiab kev siv duab liab qab feem ntau tshwm sim ua ke. Cov profile suav nrog qib siab ntawm txhua qhov kev siv Internet tsis zoo tau pom tias muaj kev noj qab haus huv qis tshaj (Charzyńska et al., 2021). Qhov no kuj tseem hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav thiab zoo ib yam thoob plaws kev coj cwj pwm siv Internet sib txawv. Muaj kev sim siv cov khoom sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv hauv Is Taws Nem, xws li Cov Teeb Meem Duab Ntxoo Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (Bőthe li al., 2018), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017) los yog Online Khw Muag Khoom Ntxiv (Zhao, Tian, & Xin, 2017). Txawm li cas los xij, cov nplai no tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv tsim los ntawm Griffiths (2005) thiab tsis suav nrog cov txheej txheem tam sim no rau cov teeb meem vim kev coj cwj pwm (cf. World Health Organization, 2018).
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ICD-11 tau npaj cov txheej txheem kuaj mob rau cov teeb meem vim (feem ntau hauv online) kev coj cwj pwm, xws li kev twv txiaj tsis meej thiab kev ua si tsis zoo. Teeb meem kev siv duab liab qab hauv online, kev yuav khoom hauv online, thiab kev siv social-networks yuav raug xa mus rau ICD-11 subcategory 'lwm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb vim yog kev coj cwj pwm zoo' uas tib yam yuav siv tau (Hom li al, 2020). Txog niaj hnub no, toj roob hauv pes ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej rau cov (muaj peev xwm) tshwj xeeb kev siv Internet tsis sib haum xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim yog kev coj cwj pwm. Peb lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib qho luv luv tab sis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas cov cuab yeej rau ntau hom (muaj peev xwm) kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb uas hais txog ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau kev ua si tsis zoo thiab kev twv txiaj tsis meej, los pab tshawb xyuas ntxov ntawm (muaj peev xwm) cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv online.
txoj kev
Cov neeg koom
Cov neeg koom nrog tau raug xaiv hauv online los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv vaj huam sib luag muab kev pabcuam los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau them nyiaj rau tus kheej. Peb suav nrog cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem nquag los ntawm thaj chaw hais lus German. Peb tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav thiab cov uas qhia tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov tom kawg tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis pub dhau (qhia cov lus teb thiab kev ntsuas tus kheej) thiab tom qab-hoc (lub sijhawm teb, cov qauv lus teb, Mahalanobis D) cov tswv yim (Godinho, Kushnir, & Cunningham, 2016; Meade & Craig, 2012). Cov qauv kawg muaj xws li N = 958 tus neeg koom (499 txiv neej, 458 poj niam, 1 divers) ntawm 16 thiab 69 xyoo (M = 47.60, SD = 14.50 Nws. Cov neeg koom nrog feem ntau tau ua haujlwm puv sijhawm (46.3%), hauv (thaum ntxov) so haujlwm (20.1%), lossis ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub (14.3%). Lwm tus yog cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov niam tsev / - tus txiv, lossis tsis ua haujlwm rau lwm yam. Qib ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws tau muab faib ua tiav kev kawm ua haujlwm hauv tuam txhab (33.6%), qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab (19.0%), kawm tiav kev kawm ua haujlwm-tsev kawm ntawv (14.1%), kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab / kev kawm txuj ci (11.8%) , thiab polytechnic degree (10.1%). Lwm tus yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm / cov tub ntxhais kawm lossis tsis muaj degree. Cov qauv yooj yim random tau pom qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo-cov pej xeem sib txawv raws li cov pej xeem ntawm German cov neeg siv Internet (cf. Statista, 2021).
Kev ntsuas
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb: ACSID-11
Nrog rau ACSID-11 peb tsom mus tsim ib lub cuab yeej rau kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb kev siv internet tsis zoo hauv luv luv tab sis dav, thiab zoo ib yam. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev tshawb xav los ntawm ib pawg kws tshaj lij ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev quav tshuaj thiab cov kws kho mob. Cov khoom tau muab los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib tham thiab cov rooj sib tham pom zoo raws li ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim kev coj cwj pwm zoo, raws li lawv tau piav qhia txog kev ua si thiab kev twv txiaj, piv txwv li cov qauv ntau yam. Kev tshawb pom ntawm Kev Sib Tham-Ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas tau siv los ua kom zoo dua cov ntsiab lus siv tau thiab nkag siab zoo ntawm cov khoom (Schmidt et al., xa).
ACSID-11 suav nrog 11 yam khoom uas ntes ICD-11 cov qauv rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim muaj kev coj cwj pwm. Peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev tswj tsis tau (IC), nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua hauv online (IP), thiab txuas ntxiv / nce ntxiv (CE) ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem txawm tias muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, yog sawv cev los ntawm peb yam khoom txhua. Ob yam khoom ntxiv tau tsim los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub neej txhua hnub (FI) thiab cim kev ntxhov siab (MD) vim yog kev ua haujlwm hauv online. Hauv kev nug ua ntej, cov neeg koom tau raug qhia kom qhia txog cov haujlwm twg hauv Is Taws Nem uas lawv tau siv tsawg kawg qee zaus hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los. Cov dej num (piv txwv li, 'kev twv txiaj', 'kev yuav khoom hauv online', 'kev siv duab liab qab hauv online', 'siv social-networks', 'kev twv txiaj hauv online', thiab 'lwm') tau teev nrog cov ntsiab lus sib xws thiab cov kev xaiv teb 'yog. 'los yog 'tsis muaj'. Cov neeg koom nrog uas teb 'yog' tsuas yog rau 'lwm' yam khoom raug tshuaj xyuas. Tag nrho lwm tus tau txais ACSID-11 cov khoom rau tag nrho cov haujlwm uas tau teb nrog 'yog'. Txoj kev coj tus cwj pwm no yog ua raws li WHO's Cawv, Haus luam yeeb thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Koom Tes (ASSIST; LEEJ TWG ASSIST Working Group, 2002), uas tshuaj ntsuam rau cov hom loj ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo nrog rau cov cim qhia txog kev coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Hauv kev sib piv rau ASSIST, txhua yam khoom raug tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev kom nws tuaj yeem teb ncaj qha rau cov haujlwm. Peb siv hom lus teb ob feem (saib Daim duab. 1), uas cov neeg koom yuav tsum qhia ib yam khoom rau txhua yam haujlwm heev npaum li cas lawv tau muaj kev paub dhau los hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los (0: 'tsis tau', 1: 'tsis tshua muaj', 2: 'qee zaum', 3: 'feem ntau'), thiab yog tias tsawg kawg "tsis tshua muaj", hnyav npaum li cas Txhua qhov kev paub dhau los hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los (0: 'tsis yog khaus', 1: 'tsis khaus', 2: ' khaus khaus', 3: ' khaus'). Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov zaus thiab qhov hnyav ntawm txhua tus tsos mob, nws tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob, tab sis kuj tseem tswj xyuas seb cov tsos mob hnyav npaum li cas yog pom tau dhau qhov zaus. Cov khoom ntawm ACSID-11 (them lus txhais lus Askiv) tau qhia hauv rooj 1. Cov khoom qub (German) suav nrog cov lus nug ua ntej thiab cov lus qhia tuaj yeem pom hauv Daim Ntawv Ntxiv (saib Daim Ntawv Ntxiv A).
Cov khoom piv txwv ntawm ACSID-11 (them lus Askiv txhais lus ntawm German thawj yam khoom) qhia txog qhov ntsuas qhov zaus (sab laug kab) thiab kev siv zog (txoj cai) ntawm cov xwm txheej ntsig txog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv online. Sau ntawv. Daim duab qhia txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tsis Txaus Siab (IC) raws li pom A) rau ib tus neeg uas siv tag nrho tsib txoj haujlwm hauv online raws li qhia hauv cov lus nug ua ntej (saib Daim Ntawv Ntxiv A) thiab B) rau ib tus neeg uas tau qhia tias siv khw hauv online thiab social networks nkaus xwb.
Citation: Phau ntawv Journal of Behavioral Adddictions 2022; 10.1556/2006.2022.00013
Cov khoom ntawm ACSID-11 tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau cov teeb meem siv Internet tshwj xeeb (thov lus txhais lus Askiv).
| Yam | Lo lus nug |
| IC1 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau muaj teeb meem taug qab thaum koj pib ua haujlwm, ntev npaum li cas, hnyav npaum li cas, lossis qhov xwm txheej twg koj tau ua, lossis thaum koj nres? |
| IC2 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau xav tias yuav tsum nres lossis txwv txoj haujlwm vim tias koj pom tias koj siv nws ntau dhau lawm? |
| IC3 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau sim nres lossis txwv txoj haujlwm thiab ua tsis tiav? |
| IP1 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau muab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb dua li lwm yam dej num lossis kev nyiam hauv koj lub neej txhua hnub? |
| IP2 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau poob kev txaus siab rau lwm yam dej num uas koj tau nyiam vim yog kev ua si? |
| IP3 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau tsis quav ntsej lossis tso tseg lwm yam dej num lossis kev nyiam uas koj tau nyiam vim yog kev ua si? |
| CE1 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau txuas ntxiv lossis nce qhov haujlwm txawm tias nws tau hem lossis ua rau koj poob kev sib raug zoo nrog ib tus neeg tseem ceeb rau koj? |
| CE2 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau txuas ntxiv lossis nce qhov haujlwm txawm tias nws tau ua rau koj muaj teeb meem hauv tsev kawm ntawv / kev cob qhia / haujlwm? |
| CE3 | Hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los, koj puas tau txuas ntxiv lossis nce kev ua haujlwm txawm tias nws tau ua rau koj tsis txaus siab rau lub cev lossis lub hlwb? |
| TIAB SA 1 | Xav txog txhua qhov chaw ntawm koj lub neej, koj lub neej puas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los? |
| MD1 | Xav txog txhua qhov chaw ntawm koj lub neej, qhov kev ua ub no ua rau koj raug kev txom nyem hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los? |
Sau ntawv. IC = impaired tswj; IP = nce qhov tseem ceeb; CE = continuation/escalation; FI = kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo; MD = kev nyuaj siab; Cov khoom qub German tuaj yeem pom hauv Daim Ntawv Ntxiv A.
Kaum-khoom Internet Gaming Disorder Test: IGDT-10 - ASSIST version
Raws li ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm convergent validity, peb siv kaum-khoom IGDT-10 (Király li al., 2017) nyob rau hauv ib tug ncua version. IGDT-10 ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau cuaj DSM-5 cov txheej txheem rau Internet gaming teeb meem (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb txuas ntxiv qhov qub gaming version tshwj xeeb kom txhua hom kev siv Internet tsis raug soj ntsuam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem sib piv, peb kuj tau siv cov lus teb ntau tus cwj pwm ntawm tus piv txwv ntawm ASSIST ntawm no. Rau qhov no, cov khoom raug hloov kho kom 'kev ua si' tau hloov los ntawm 'cov haujlwm'. Txhua yam khoom raug teb rau tag nrho cov haujlwm hauv online uas cov neeg koom yav dhau los tau qhia kom siv (los ntawm kev xaiv 'kev ua si', 'kev yuav khoom hauv online', 'kev siv duab liab qab hauv online', 'siv social networks', thiab 'kev twv txiaj hauv online' ). Ib yam khoom, txhua qhov haujlwm tau ntsuas ntawm peb-point Likert scale (0 = 'yeej', 1 = 'qee zaus', 2 = 'feem ntau'). Qhov qhab nia zoo ib yam li tus thawj version ntawm IGDT-10: Txhua qhov kev ntsuas tau txais qhov qhab nia ntawm 0 yog tias qhov lus teb yog 'tsis tau' lossis 'qee zaus' thiab tus qhab nia ntawm 1 yog tias cov lus teb yog 'feem ntau'. Cov khoom 9 thiab 10 sawv cev rau tib qhov kev ntsuas (piv txwv li, 'kev puas tsuaj lossis poob kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm, lossis kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm vim yog kev koom tes hauv Internet games') thiab suav ua ke ib qho yog tias ib lossis ob yam khoom tau ntsib. Cov qhab nia kawg tau suav nrog rau txhua qhov haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 0 txog 9 nrog cov qhab nia siab dua qhia tias muaj cov tsos mob hnyav dua. Hais txog kev ua si tsis zoo, qhov qhab nia ntawm tsib lossis ntau dua qhia txog kev kho mob (Király li al., 2017).
Patient Health Questionnaire-4: PHQ-4
Tus Neeg Mob Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv-4 (PHQ-4; Kroenke, Spitzer, Williams, & Löwe, 2009) yog ib qho kev ntsuas luv luv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Nws muaj plaub yam khoom coj los ntawm Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale thiab PHQ-8 module rau kev nyuaj siab. Cov neeg koom yuav tsum qhia qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov tsos mob ntawm plaub-point Likert scale xws li 0 ('tsis yog') mus rau 3 ('yuav luag txhua hnub'). Tag nrho cov qhab nia tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 12 qhia tias tsis muaj / tsawg, me, nruab nrab, thiab theem siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog cov qhab nia ntawm 0–2, 3–5, 6–8, 9–12, raws li (Kroenke li al., 2009).
Kev noj qab nyob zoo
Kev txaus siab ntawm lub neej tau raug soj ntsuam siv Life Satisfaction Short Scale (L-1) hauv German thawj version (Beierlein, Kovaleva, László, Kemper, & Rammstedt, 2015) teb rau ntawm 11-point Likert scale xws li 0 ('tsis txaus siab') txog 10 (' txaus siab tag nrho'). Ib yam khoom teev tau zoo-validated thiab correlates muaj zog nrog ntau-khoom-scale ntsuas kev txaus siab rau lub neej (Beierlein li al., 2015). Peb tseem nug txog kev txaus siab rau lub neej tshwj xeeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv (H-1): 'Txhua yam xav tau, koj txaus siab npaum li cas rau koj cov kev noj qab haus huv niaj hnub no?' teb rau tib 11-point scale (cf. Beierlein li al., 2015).
Tus txheej txheem
Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua hauv online siv lub cuab yeej tshawb fawb online Limesurvey®. ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev uas tsuas yog cov haujlwm uas tau xaiv hauv cov lus nug ua ntej tau tshwm sim rau cov khoom sib xws. Cov neeg tuaj koom tau txais kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej los ntawm tus neeg muab kev pabcuam vaj huam sib luag uas coj mus rau qhov kev tshawb fawb online tsim los ntawm peb. Tom qab ua tiav, cov neeg koom tau raug xa rov qab mus rau tus kws kho mob lub vev xaib kom tau txais lawv cov npe rov qab. Cov ntaub ntawv tau sau nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Plaub Hlis 8 txog Lub Plaub Hlis 14 hauv 2021.
Tshawb fawb tawm
Peb tau siv qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb (CFA) los ntsuas qhov loj me thiab tsim kev siv tau ntawm ACSID-11. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau khiav nrog Mplus version 8.4 (Muthén & Muthén, 2019) siv qhov hnyav tsawg squares txhais tau tias thiab hloov pauv hloov (WLSMV) kwv yees. Txhawm rau ntsuas tus qauv haum, peb siv ntau qhov ntsuas, uas yog chi-square (χ 2) kuaj xyuas kom haum, Qhov Sib Piv Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis haum Performance index (TLI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), thiab hauv paus Mean Square yuam kev ntawm kwv yees (RMSEA). Raws li Hu thiab Bentler (1999), txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb rau CFI thiab TLI> 0.95, rau SRMR < 0.08, thiab rau RMSEA < 0.06 qhia tau hais tias tus qauv zoo haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi chi-square faib los ntawm qib kev ywj pheej (χ2/df) <3 yog lwm qhov taw qhia rau cov qauv haum (Carmines & McIver, 1981). Cronbach's alpha (α) thiab Guttman's Lambda-2 (λ 2) tau siv los ntsuas kev ntseeg siab nrog cov coefficients> 0.8 (> 0.7) qhia qhov zoo (tseem tau) nrog kev sib raug zoo (Bortz & Döring, 2006). Kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo (Pearson) tau siv los ntsuas qhov kev siv tau zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv lossis cov qauv tsim. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau khiav nrog IBM SPSS txheeb cais (version 26). Raws li Cohen (1988), tus nqi ntawm |r| = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 qhia me me, nruab nrab, loj, feem.
Ethics
Cov txheej txheem kawm tau ua tiav raws li Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Engineering ntawm University of Duisburg-Essen. Txhua yam kev kawm tau raug qhia txog qhov kev kawm thiab txhua tus tau txais kev pom zoo.
tau
Hauv cov qauv tam sim no, cov kev coj cwj pwm tshwj xeeb hauv Internet tau muab faib raws li hauv qab no: Kev twv txiaj tau qhia los ntawm 440 (45.9%) cov tib neeg (hnub nyoog: M = 43.59, SD = 14.66; 259 txiv neej, 180 poj niam, 1 divers), 944 (98.5%) ntawm cov tib neeg koom nrog kev yuav khoom hauv online (hnub nyoog: M = 47.58, SD = 14.49; 491 txiv neej, 452 poj niam, 1 divers), 340 (35.5%) ntawm cov tib neeg siv duab liab qab hauv online (hnub nyoog: M = 44.80, SD = 14.96; 263 txiv neej, 76 poj niam, 1 divers), 854 (89.1%) ntawm cov tib neeg siv social networks (hnub nyoog: M = 46.52, SD = 14.66; 425 txiv neej, 428 poj niam, 1 divers), thiab 200 (20.9%) cov tib neeg koom nrog kev twv txiaj hauv online (hnub nyoog: M = 46.91, SD = 13.67; 125 txiv neej, 75 poj niam, 0 divers). Cov neeg tsawg ntawm cov neeg koom (n = 61; 6.3%) qhia tias tsuas yog siv ib qho haujlwm xwb. Feem ntau cov neeg koom nrog (n = 841; 87.8%) tau siv yam tsawg kawg kev yuav khoom hauv online ua ke nrog kev sib raug zoo-network thiab 409 (42.7%) ntawm lawv kuj tau qhia tias ua si hauv online. Rau caum-yim (7.1%) ntawm cov neeg koom tau qhia kom siv tag nrho cov haujlwm hauv online tau hais.
Muab hais tias kev twv txiaj thiab kev twv txiaj tsis zoo yog ob hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj uas tau lees paub thiab muab tias cov tib neeg hauv peb cov qauv uas tau tshaj tawm ua kev twv txiaj hauv online yog qhov txwv tsis pub dhau, peb yuav xub tsom mus rau cov txiaj ntsig ntsig txog kev ntsuas. Cov txheej txheem rau kev ua si tsis zoo nrog ACSID-11.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxawg
Hais txog kev ua si tsis zoo, txhua yam khoom ACSID-11 muaj qhov ntsuas nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 3 uas cuam tshuam txog qhov ntau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau (saib rooj 2). Tag nrho cov khoom qhia tau hais tias tus nqi qis qis thiab muaj txoj cai-skewed faib raws li qhov xav tau hauv cov qauv uas tsis yog kev kho mob. Kev nyuaj siab yog qhov siab tshaj plaws rau cov khoom txuas ntxiv / nce ntxiv thiab cim kev ntxhov siab thaum tswj tsis tau (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog IC1) thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Kurtosis yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau thawj yam khoom txuas ntxiv / nce ntxiv (CE1) thiab Cov Khoom Uas Tsis Txaus Siab (MD1).
Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia ntawm ACSID-11 cov khoom ntsuas kev ua si tsis zoo.
| Tsis | Yam | Min | Max | M | (SD) | Skewness | Kurtosis | nyuaj |
| a) | Zaus nplai | |||||||
| 01a | IC1 | 0 | 3 | 0.827 | (0.956) | 0.808 | -0.521 | 27.58 |
| 02a | IC2 | 0 | 3 | 0.602 | (0.907) | 1.237 | 0.249 | 20.08 |
| 03a | IC3 | 0 | 3 | 0.332 | (0.723) | 2.163 | 3.724 | 11.06 |
| 04a | IP1 | 0 | 3 | 0.623 | (0.895) | 1.180 | 0.189 | 20.76 |
| 05a | IP2 | 0 | 3 | 0.405 | (0.784) | 1.913 | 2.698 | 13.48 |
| 06a | IP3 | 0 | 3 | 0.400 | (0.784) | 1.903 | 2.597 | 13.33 |
| 07a | CE1 | 0 | 3 | 0.170 | (0.549) | 3.561 | 12.718 | 5.68 |
| 08a | CE2 | 0 | 3 | 0.223 | (0.626) | 3.038 | 8.797 | 7.42 |
| 09a | CE3 | 0 | 3 | 0.227 | (0.632) | 2.933 | 7.998 | 7.58 |
| 10a | TIAB SA 1 | 0 | 3 | 0.352 | (0.712) | 1.997 | 3.108 | 11.74 |
| 11a | MD1 | 0 | 3 | 0.155 | (0.526) | 3.647 | 13.107 | 5.15 |
| b) | Qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav | |||||||
| 01b | IC1 | 0 | 3 | 0.593 | (0.773) | 1.173 | 0.732 | 19.77 |
| 02b | IC2 | 0 | 3 | 0.455 | (0.780) | 1.700 | 2.090 | 15.15 |
| 03b | IC3 | 0 | 3 | 0.248 | (0.592) | 2.642 | 6.981 | 8.26 |
| 04b | IP1 | 0 | 3 | 0.505 | (0.827) | 1.529 | 1.329 | 16.82 |
| 05b | IP2 | 0 | 3 | 0.330 | (0.703) | 2.199 | 4.123 | 10.98 |
| 06b | IP3 | 0 | 3 | 0.302 | (0.673) | 2.302 | 4.633 | 10.08 |
| 07b | CE1 | 0 | 3 | 0.150 | (0.505) | 3.867 | 15.672 | 5.00 |
| 08b | CE2 | 0 | 3 | 0.216 | (0.623) | 3.159 | 9.623 | 7.20 |
| 09b | CE3 | 0 | 3 | 0.207 | (0.608) | 3.225 | 10.122 | 6.89 |
| 10b | TIAB SA 1 | 0 | 3 | 0.284 | (0.654) | 2.534 | 6.172 | 9.47 |
| 11b | MD1 | 0 | 3 | 0.139 | (0.483) | 3.997 | 16.858 | 4.62 |
Sau ntawv. N = 440. IC = impaired tswj; IP = nce qhov tseem ceeb; CE = continuation/escalation; FI = kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo; MD = kev nyuaj siab.
Hais txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb, tag nrho cov qauv (N = 958) muaj PHQ-4 tus qhab nia ntawm 3.03 (SD = 2.82) thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj kev txaus siab rau lub neej (L-1: M = 6.31, SD = 2.39) thiab noj qab haus huv (H-1: M = 6.05, SD 2.68 = XNUMX. Hauv pab pawg ua si (n = 440), 13 tus neeg (3.0%) ncav cuag IGDT-10 txiav tawm rau kev kho mob cuam tshuam txog kev ua si tsis zoo. Qhov nruab nrab IGDT-10 cov qhab nia sib txawv ntawm 0.51 rau kev yuav khoom-kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab 0.77 rau kev sib raug zoo-kev siv-kev tsis sib haum xeeb (saib rooj 5).
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau zoo
Assumed plaub-yam qauv
Peb tau sim cov qauv plaub-factorial ntawm ACSID-11 los ntawm kev siv ntau yam CFAs, ib qho rau ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Internet thiab sib cais rau qhov zaus thiab kev siv zog. Cov yam tseem ceeb (1) Kev Tswj Xyuas Tsis Zoo, (2) Kev Ua Ntej Ua Ntej, thiab (3) Kev Txuas Ntxiv / nce ntxiv tau tsim los ntawm peb yam khoom. Ob yam khoom ntxiv ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub neej niaj hnub thiab cim kev ntxhov siab vim yog kev ua haujlwm hauv online tau tsim qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv (4) Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Plaub-factorial qauv ntawm ACSID-11 tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntawv ntsuas haum qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua hom kev siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb uas ntsuas los ntawm ACSID-11, xws li kev ua si tsis zoo, kev yuav khoom hauv online, thiab kev sib raug zoo- network-siv teeb meem, online duab liab qab-siv tsis meej pem, thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online (saib rooj 3). Hais txog kev siv duab liab qab hauv online-siv tsis meej thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online, TLI thiab RMSEA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam vim qhov me me piv txwv (Hu & Bentler, xyoo 1999). Qhov tseem ceeb loadings thiab residual covariances rau CFAs thov ib tug plaub-factor qauv yog qhia nyob rau hauv Daim duab. 2. Yuav kom nco ntsoov, qee cov qauv qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo (piv txwv li, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsis sib xws rau qhov sib txawv tsis sib xws lossis kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib npaug lossis ntau dua 1).
Haum qhov ntsuas ntawm plaub-yam, qhov tsis sib xws, thiab qhov thib ob-qib CFA qauv rau qhov tshwj xeeb (muaj peev xwm) kev siv Internet tsis raug ntsuas los ntawm ACSID-11.
| Gaming tsis meej | |||||||||||
| Zaus | Intensity | ||||||||||
| qauv | df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df |
| Plaub-yam qauv | 38 | 0.991 | 0.987 | 0.031 | 0.051 | 2.13 | 0.993 | 0.990 | 0.029 | 0.043 | 1.81 |
| Unidimensional qauv | 27 | 0.969 | 0.961 | 0.048 | 0.087 | 4.32 | 0.970 | 0.963 | 0.047 | 0.082 | 3.99 |
| Thib ob-order factor model | 40 | 0.992 | 0.988 | 0.031 | 0.047 | 1.99 | 0.992 | 0.989 | 0.032 | 0.045 | 1.89 |
| Online kev yuav khoom-kev tsis sib haum xeeb | |||||||||||
| Zaus | Intensity | ||||||||||
| qauv | df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df |
| Plaub-yam qauv | 38 | 0.996 | 0.994 | 0.019 | 0.034 | 2.07 | 0.995 | 0.992 | 0.020 | 0.037 | 2.30 |
| Unidimensional qauv | 27 | 0.981 | 0.976 | 0.037 | 0.070 | 5.58 | 0.986 | 0.982 | 0.031 | 0.056 | 3.98 |
| Thib ob-order factor model | 40 | 0.996 | 0.994 | 0.021 | 0.036 | 2.19 | 0.994 | 0.992 | 0.023 | 0.038 | 2.40 |
| Online duab liab qab-siv tsis meej | |||||||||||
| Zaus | Intensity | ||||||||||
| qauv | df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df |
| Plaub-yam qauv | 38 | 0.993 | 0.989 | 0.034 | 0.054 | 1.99 | 0.987 | 0.981 | 0.038 | 0.065 | 2.43 |
| Unidimensional qauv | 27 | 0.984 | 0.979 | 0.044 | 0.075 | 2.91 | 0.976 | 0.970 | 0.046 | 0.082 | 3.27 |
| Thib ob-order factor model | 40 | 0.993 | 0.991 | 0.033 | 0.049 | 1.83 | 0.984 | 0.979 | 0.039 | 0.068 | 2.59 |
| Social-networks-siv tsis meej | |||||||||||
| Zaus | Intensity | ||||||||||
| qauv | df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df |
| Plaub-yam qauv | 38 | 0.993 | 0.990 | 0.023 | 0.049 | 3.03 | 0.993 | 0.989 | 0.023 | 0.052 | 3.31 |
| Unidimensional qauv | 27 | 0.970 | 0.963 | 0.048 | 0.096 | 8.89 | 0.977 | 0.972 | 0.039 | 0.085 | 7.13 |
| Thib ob-order factor model | 40 | 0.992 | 0.989 | 0.027 | 0.053 | 3.39 | 0.991 | 0.988 | 0.025 | 0.056 | 3.64 |
| Online twv txiaj yuam pov tsis meej | |||||||||||
| Zaus | Intensity | ||||||||||
| qauv | df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df | CFI | TLI | SRMR | RMSEA | χ2/ df |
| Plaub-yam qauv | 38 | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.027 | 0.059 | 1.70 | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.026 | 0.049 | 1.47 |
| Unidimensional qauv | 27 | 0.994 | 0.992 | 0.040 | 0.078 | 2.20 | 0.991 | 0.989 | 0.039 | 0.080 | 2.28 |
| Thib ob-order factor model | 40 | 0.997 | 0.996 | 0.029 | 0.054 | 1.58 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.029 | 0.053 | 1.55 |
Sau ntawv. Cov qauv loj sib txawv rau kev ua si (n = 440), kev yuav khoom hauv online (n = 944), kev siv duab liab qab hauv online (n = 340), social-networks use (n = 854), thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online (n = 200); ACSID-11 = Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Internet tshwj xeeb, 11-khoom.
Factor loadings and residual covariances of the four-factor model of ACSID-11 (frequency) for (A) gaming disorder, (B) online games disorder, (C) online buy-shopping disorder, (D) online duab liab qab-siv teeb meem , thiab (E) social-networks-use disorder. Sau ntawv. Cov qauv loj sib txawv rau kev ua si (n = 440), kev yuav khoom hauv online (n = 944), kev siv duab liab qab hauv online (n = 340), social-networks use (n = 854), thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online (n = 200); Qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm ACSID-11 tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws. ACSID-11 = Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb, 11-khoom; Cov txiaj ntsig sawv cev rau cov qauv kev thauj khoom, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab cov khoom seem seem. Txhua qhov kev kwv yees tau tseem ceeb ntawm p <0.001.
Citation: Phau ntawv Journal of Behavioral Adddictions 2022; 10.1556/2006.2022.00013
Unidimensional qauv
Vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam siab ntawm qhov sib txawv, peb kuj tau sim cov kev daws teeb meem tsis sib xws nrog txhua yam khoom thauj khoom ntawm ib yam, raws li tau siv, piv txwv li, hauv IGDT-10. Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm ACSID-11 pom tau tias haum, tab sis nrog RMSEA thiab / lossis χ2/df nyob saum cov lus txiav tawm. Rau txhua tus cwj pwm, tus qauv haum rau cov qauv plaub yam zoo dua piv rau cov qauv sib txawv (saib rooj 3). Yog li ntawd, plaub qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkaus li zoo tshaj rau qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo.
Thib ob-order factor model thiab bifactor model
Lwm txoj hauv kev los suav rau kev sib cuam tshuam siab yog suav nrog cov khoom siv dav dav uas sawv cev rau kev tsim qauv, uas yog suav nrog cov subdomains cuam tshuam. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev txiav txim thib ob thiab tus qauv bifactor. Hauv qhov kev txiav txim thib ob, qhov kev txiav txim thib ob yog ua qauv hauv kev sim piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv tus qauv bifactor, nws yog assumed tias qhov feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov commonality ntawm cov muaj feem xyuam thiab hais tias, ntxiv rau, muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb yam, txhua yam uas nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau thiab tshaj qhov feem ntau. Qhov no yog ua qauv kom txhua yam khoom raug tso cai rau thauj khoom ntawm qhov xwm txheej dav dav thiab ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb uas txhua yam (xws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb) tau teev tseg los ua orthogonal. Tus qauv thib ob yog qhov txwv ntau dua li tus qauv bifactor thiab yog ze rau hauv tus qauv bifactor (Yung, Thissen, & McLeod, 1999). Hauv peb cov qauv, cov qauv kev txiav txim thib ob qhia tau hais tias zoo ib yam li cov qauv plaub yam (saib rooj 3). Rau txhua tus cwj pwm, plaub (thawj thawj) yam khoom thauj siab ntawm (thib ob) qhov tseem ceeb (saib Lus Qhia Ntxiv B), uas qhia kev siv cov qhab nia tag nrho. Raws li nrog rau cov qauv plaub-yam, qee qhov kev txiav txim thib ob ntawm cov qauv qhia tias muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob rau qee lub sijhawm (piv txwv li, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo rau qhov sib txawv tsis sib xws lossis sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib npaug lossis ntau dua 1). Peb kuj tau soj ntsuam cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke uas pom tau tias muaj kev sib piv zoo dua, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog rau txhua tus cwj pwm tus qauv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau (saib Cov ntawv ntxiv C).
Kev ntseeg tau
Raws li cov qauv plaub-factorial uas tau txheeb xyuas, peb suav cov qhab nia ntawm ACSID-11 los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xws nrog rau tag nrho cov qhab nia nruab nrab rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb (muaj peev xwm) kev siv Internet. Peb tau saib qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm IGDT-10 raws li peb siv ntau tus cwj pwm txawv raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm ASSIST (kev ntsuas ntau yam kev siv Internet tsis zoo) thawj zaug. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACSID-11 thiab qis dua tab sis kuj muaj kev ntseeg tau ntawm IGDT-10 (saib rooj 4).
Kev ntsuas kev ntseeg tau ntawm ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 ntsuas kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb.
| ACSID-11 | IGDT-10 | |||||
| Zaus | Intensity | (ASSIST version) | ||||
| Hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb | α | λ2 | α | λ2 | α | λ2 |
| gaming | 0.900 | 0.903 | 0.894 | 0.897 | 0.841 | 0.845 |
| Kev yuav khoom hauv online | 0.910 | 0.913 | 0.915 | 0.917 | 0.858 | 0.864 |
| Kev siv duab liab qab online | 0.907 | 0.911 | 0.896 | 0.901 | 0.793 | 0.802 |
| Kev siv social network | 0.906 | 0.912 | 0.915 | 0.921 | 0.855 | 0.861 |
| Kev twv txiaj online | 0.947 | 0.950 | 0.944 | 0.946 | 0.910 | 0.912 |
Sau ntawv. α = Cronbach's alpha; λ 2 = Guttman's lambda-2; ACSID-11 = Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb, 11 yam khoom; IGDT-10 = Kaum-khoom Internet Gaming Disorder Test; Cov qauv loj sib txawv rau kev ua si (n = 440), kev yuav khoom hauv online (n = 944), kev siv duab liab qab hauv online (n = 340), social-networks use (n = 854), thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online (n = 200).
rooj 5 qhia txog cov kev txheeb cais ntawm ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 cov qhab nia. Rau txhua tus cwj pwm, txoj kev ntawm ACSID-11 yam tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv / nce ntxiv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog qhov qis tshaj piv nrog rau lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb Impaired Control qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws rau ob qho tib si zaus thiab kev siv zog. ACSID-11 tag nrho cov qhab nia yog siab tshaj plaws rau kev sib raug zoo-kev siv network-siv tsis zoo, ua raws li kev twv txiaj hauv online thiab kev ua si tsis zoo, kev siv duab liab qab hauv online, thiab kev yuav khoom hauv online. IGDT-10 sum cov qhab nia qhia ib daim duab zoo sib xws (saib rooj 5).
Kev piav qhia cov txheeb cais ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 (ASSIST version) rau cov teeb meem siv Internet tshwj xeeb.
| Kev ua si (n = 440) | Kev yuav khoom hauv online (n = 944) | Kev siv duab liab qab online (n = 340) | Kev siv social-network (n = 854) | Kev twv txiaj hauv online (n = 200) | ||||||||||||||||
| nce mus nce los | Min | Max | M | (SD) | Min | Max | M | (SD) | Min | Max | M | (SD) | Min | Max | M | (SD) | Min | Max | M | (SD) |
| Zaus | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ACSID-11_IC | 0 | 3 | 0.59 | (0.71) | 0 | 3 | 0.46 | (0.67) | 0 | 3 | 0.58 | (0.71) | 0 | 3 | 0.78 | (0.88) | 0 | 3 | 0.59 | (0.82) |
| ACSID-11_IP | 0 | 3 | 0.48 | (0.69) | 0 | 3 | 0.28 | (0.56) | 0 | 3 | 0.31 | (0.59) | 0 | 3 | 0.48 | (0.71) | 0 | 3 | 0.38 | (0.74) |
| ACSID-11_CE | 0 | 3 | 0.21 | (0.51) | 0 | 3 | 0.13 | (0.43) | 0 | 3 | 0.16 | (0.45) | 0 | 3 | 0.22 | (0.50) | 0 | 3 | 0.24 | (0.60) |
| ACSID-11_FI | 0 | 3 | 0.25 | (0.53) | 0 | 3 | 0.18 | (0.48) | 0 | 2.5 | 0.19 | (0.47) | 0 | 3 | 0.33 | (0.61) | 0 | 3 | 0.33 | (0.68) |
| ACSID-11_tag nrho | 0 | 3 | 0.39 | (0.53) | 0 | 3 | 0.27 | (0.47) | 0 | 2.6 | 0.32 | (0.49) | 0 | 3 | 0.46 | (0.59) | 0 | 2.7 | 0.39 | (0.64) |
| Intensity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ACSID-11_IC | 0 | 3 | 0.43 | (0.58) | 0 | 3 | 0.34 | (0.56) | 0 | 3 | 0.45 | (0.63) | 0 | 3 | 0.60 | (0.76) | 0 | 3 | 0.47 | (0.73) |
| ACSID-11_IP | 0 | 3 | 0.38 | (0.62) | 0 | 3 | 0.22 | (0.51) | 0 | 3 | 0.25 | (0.51) | 0 | 3 | 0.40 | (0.67) | 0 | 3 | 0.35 | (0.69) |
| ACSID-11_CE | 0 | 3 | 0.19 | (0.48) | 0 | 3 | 0.11 | (0.39) | 0 | 2.7 | 0.15 | (0.41) | 0 | 3 | 0.19 | (0.45) | 0 | 3 | 0.23 | (0.58) |
| ACSID-11_FI | 0 | 3 | 0.21 | (0.50) | 0 | 3 | 0.15 | (0.45) | 0 | 2.5 | 0.18 | (0.43) | 0 | 3 | 0.28 | (0.57) | 0 | 3 | 0.29 | (0.61) |
| ACSID-11_tag nrho | 0 | 3 | 0.31 | (0.46) | 0 | 3 | 0.21 | (0.42) | 0 | 2.6 | 0.26 | (0.43) | 0 | 3 | 0.37 | (0.54) | 0 | 3 | 0.34 | (0.59) |
| IGDT-10_sum | 0 | 9 | 0.69 | (1.37) | 0 | 9 | 0.51 | (1.23) | 0 | 7 | 0.61 | (1.06) | 0 | 9 | 0.77 | (1.47) | 0 | 9 | 0.61 | (1.41) |
Sau ntawv. ACSID-11 = Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb, 11-khoom; IC = impaired tswj; IP = nce qhov tseem ceeb; CE = continuation/escalation; FI = kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo; IGDT-10 = Kaum-khoom Internet Gaming Disorder Test.
Correlation tsom
Raws li kev ntsuas kev tsim kho, peb tau soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACSID-11, IGDT-10, thiab kev ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kev sib raug zoo tau qhia hauv rooj 6. ACSID-11 tag nrho cov qhab nia sib raug zoo nrog IGDT-10 cov qhab nia nrog cov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab mus rau qhov loj, qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qhab nia rau tib tus cwj pwm yog siab tshaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ACSID-11 cov qhab nia sib raug zoo nrog PHQ-4, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li IGDT-10 thiab PHQ-4 ua. Cov qauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ntsuas kev txaus siab ntawm lub neej (L-1) thiab kev txaus siab rau kev noj qab haus huv (H-1) yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav tau soj ntsuam nrog ACSID-11 thiab nrog IGDT-10. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ACSID-11 tag nrho cov qhab nia rau kev coj cwj pwm sib txawv yog qhov cuam tshuam loj. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qhab nias thiab IGDT-10 tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACSID-11 (frequency), IGDT-10, thiab kev ntsuas kev puas siab puas ntsws
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) | 5) | 6) | 7) | 8) | 9) | 10) | 11) | 12) | |||
| ACSID-11_tag nrho | ||||||||||||||
| 1) | gaming | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 2) | Kev yuav khoom hauv online | r | 0.703** | 1 | ||||||||||
| (n) | (434) | (944) | ||||||||||||
| 3) | Kev siv duab liab qab online | r | 0.659** | 0.655** | 1 | |||||||||
| (n) | (202) | (337) | (340) | |||||||||||
| 4) | Kev siv social network | r | 0.579** | 0.720** | 0.665** | 1 | ||||||||
| (n) | (415) | (841) | (306) | 854 | ||||||||||
| 5) | Kev twv txiaj online | r | 0.718** | 0.716** | 0.661** | 0.708** | 1 | |||||||
| (n) | (123) | (197) | (97) | (192) | (200) | |||||||||
| IGDT-10_sum | ||||||||||||||
| 6) | gaming | r | 0.596** | 0.398** | 0.434** | 0.373** | 0.359** | 1 | ||||||
| (n) | (440) | (434) | (202) | (415) | (123) | (440) | ||||||||
| 7) | Kev yuav khoom hauv online | r | 0.407** | 0.632** | 0.408** | 0.449** | 0.404** | 0.498** | 1 | |||||
| (n) | (434) | (944) | (337) | (841) | (197) | (434) | (944) | |||||||
| 8) | Kev siv duab liab qab online | r | 0.285** | 0.238** | 0.484** | 0.271** | 0.392** | 0.423** | 0.418** | 1 | ||||
| (n) | (202) | (337) | (340) | (306) | (97) | (202) | (337) | (340) | ||||||
| 9) | Kev siv social network | r | 0.255** | 0.459** | 0.404** | 0.591** | 0.417** | 0.364** | 0.661** | 0.459** | 1 | |||
| (n) | (415) | (841) | (306) | (854) | (192) | (415) | (841) | (306) | (854) | |||||
| 10) | Kev twv txiaj online | r | 0.322** | 0.323** | 0.346** | 0.423** | 0.625** | 0.299** | 0.480** | 0.481** | 0.525** | 1 | ||
| (n) | (123) | (197) | (97) | (192) | (200) | (123) | (197) | (97) | (192) | (200) | ||||
| 11) | PHQ-4 | r | 0.292** | 0.273** | 0.255** | 0.350** | 0.326** | 0.208** | 0.204** | 0.146** | 0.245** | 0.236** | 1 | |
| (n) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (958) | |||
| 12) | L-1 | r | -0.069 | -0.080* | -0.006 | -0.147** | -0.179* | -0.130** | -0.077* | -0.018 | -0.140** | -0.170* | -0.542** | 1 |
| (n) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (958) | (958) | ||
| 13) | H-1 | r | -0.083 | -0.051 | 0.062 | -0.014 | 0.002 | -0.078 | -0.021 | 0.069 | 0.027 | -0.034 | -0.409** | 0.530** |
| (n) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (440) | (944) | (340) | (854) | (200) | (958) | (958) | ||
Sau ntawv. ** p <0.01; * p <0.05 Nws. ACSID-11 = Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem tshwj xeeb, 11-khoom; IGDT-10 = Kaum-khoom Internet Gaming Disorder Test; PHQ-4 = Patient Health Questionnaire-4; Kev sib raug zoo nrog ACSID-11 siv qhov ntsuas tau nyob hauv qhov sib xws.
Sib tham thiab qhov xaus
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tau qhia txog ACSID-11 ua ib qho cuab yeej tshiab rau kev tshuaj xyuas yooj yim thiab dav ntawm hom loj ntawm kev siv Internet tsis zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias ACSID-11 yog qhov tsim nyog los ntes ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau kev ua si tsis zoo hauv ntau hom qauv. Kev sib raug zoo nrog DSM-5 raws li cov cuab yeej ntsuas (IGDT-10) ntxiv qhia txog kev siv tau.
Lub assumed multifactorial qauv ntawm ACSID-11 tau lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CFA. Cov khoom haum zoo nrog cov qauv plaub yam uas sawv cev rau ICD-11 cov qauv (1) kev tswj tsis tau, (2) nce qhov tseem ceeb, (3) txuas ntxiv / nce ntxiv txawm tias muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, nrog rau cov khoom ntxiv (4) kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cim kev nyuaj siab yuav suav tau tias muaj feem xyuam rau kev coj cwj pwm. Qhov kev daws teeb meem plaub pom tau zoo tshaj plaws piv rau qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo. Lub multidimensionality ntawm lub teev yog ib tug tshwj xeeb feature piv rau lwm yam scales npog ICD-11 cov txheej txheem rau gaming teeb meem (cf. King thiab al., 2020; Pontes li al., 2021). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib npaug zoo dua ntawm cov qauv kev txiav txim thib ob (thiab ib feem ntawm tus qauv bifactor) qhia tau hais tias cov khoom ntsuas plaub yam cuam tshuam muaj xws li "kev tsis sib haum xeeb" tsim thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev siv tag nrho cov qhab nia. Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam rau kev twv txiaj hauv online thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb hauv Is Taws Nem siv los ntsuas los ntawm ACSID-11 hauv ntau tus cwj pwm ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm ASSIST, xws li kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev siv duab liab qab hauv online-siv teeb meem, kev sib raug zoo-networks- siv kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau yav tas los, tsis tshua muaj cov cuab yeej raws li WHO cov qauv rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim yog kev coj cwj pwm zoo, txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo rau qhov kev faib tawm no rau lawv txhua tus (Hom li al, 2020; Müller li al., 2019; Stark li al., 2018). Cov kev ntsuas tshiab, xws li ACSID-11, tuaj yeem pab kom kov yeej cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab ua kom muaj kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cwj pwm (muaj peev xwm) kev coj cwj pwm.
Kev ntseeg siab ntawm ACSID-11 yog siab. Rau kev ua si tsis sib haum, qhov sib xws ntawm sab hauv yog qhov sib piv lossis siab dua li ntawm lwm cov twj paj nruag (cf. King thiab al., 2020). Kev ntseeg tau ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm sab hauv kuj yog qhov zoo rau lwm yam kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb ntsuas los ntawm ob qho tib si ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias hom lus teb ua ke, xws li ASSIST (LEEJ TWG ASSIST Working Group, 2002) tsim nyog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau hom kev coj cwj pwm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Hauv cov qauv tam sim no, ACSID-11 tag nrho cov qhab nia tau siab tshaj plaws rau kev sib raug zoo-networks-siv tsis meej. Qhov no haum nrog qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm qhov tshwm sim uas tam sim no kwv yees li ntawm 14% rau cov teb chaws tus kheej thiab 31% rau cov teb chaws sib sau ua ke (Cheng, Lau, Chan, & Luk, 2021).
Convergent validity yog qhia los ntawm nruab nrab mus rau loj zoo correlations ntawm ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 cov qhab nia txawm tias txawv cov qhab nia hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm ACSID-11 cov qhab nia thiab PHQ-4 ntsuas cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab txhawb nqa qhov kev siv tau ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas tshiab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam nrog kev tshawb pom yav dhau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm (comorbid) teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb nrog rau kev ua si tsis zoo (Mihara & Higuchi, 2017; tab sis saib; Colder Carras, Shi, Hard, & Saldanha, 2020), duab liab qab-siv teeb meem (Duffy, Dawson, & Das Nair, 2016), kev muag khoom-kev tsis sib haum xeeb (Kyrios li al., 2018), social-networks-siv teeb meem (Andreassen, 2015), thiab kev twv txiaj kev tsis txaus siab (Dowling li al., 2015). Tsis tas li ntawd, ACSID-11 (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev twv txiaj hauv online thiab kev sib raug zoo-kev sib koom tes-kev siv teeb meem) tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsuas ntawm lub neej txaus siab. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab cov tsos mob hnyav ntawm kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb (Cheng, Cheung, & Wang, 2018; Duffy li al., 2016; Duradoni, Innocenti, & Guazzini, 2020). Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwj xeeb thaum muaj ntau yam kev siv Internet tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim (Charzyńska et al., 2021). Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov teeb meem siv Internet tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim (xws li, Burleigh thiab al., 2019; Müller li al., 2021) uas tej zaum yuav piav qhia qee qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem uas ntsuas los ntawm ACSID-11 thiab IGDT-10 feem. Qhov no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zoo los txiav txim siab qhov sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntau siv tau nyob rau ntau hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim yog kev coj cwj pwm.
Ib qho kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog qhov tsis yog kev kho mob, tus qauv me me thiab tsis yog tus neeg sawv cev. Yog li, nrog rau txoj kev tshawb no, peb tsis tuaj yeem qhia tau tias ACSID-11 puas tsim nyog ua cov cuab yeej kuaj mob, vim peb tsis tuaj yeem muab cov qhab nia txiav tawm meej, tseem. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tsim qauv ntu ntu tsis tau tso cai rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev sim-retest kev ntseeg siab lossis kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACSID-11 thiab cov kev hloov pauv uas siv tau. Cov cuab yeej xav tau kev lees paub ntxiv los xyuas nws qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb thawj zaug no qhia tias nws yog ib qho kev cog lus uas yuav tsim nyog sim ntxiv. Yuav tsum nco ntsoov, cov ntaub ntawv loj dua yog xav tau tsis yog rau cov cuab yeej no nkaus xwb, tab sis rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab qhov twg ntawm cov cwj pwm no tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov chaw kuaj mob (cf. Grant & Chamberlain, 2016). Cov qauv ntawm ACSID-11 zoo nkaus li ua haujlwm zoo raws li kev lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Plaub yam tshwj xeeb thiab cov npe dav dav tau sawv cev txaus thoob plaws qhov kev coj cwj pwm sib txawv, txawm hais tias txhua yam tau teb rau txhua qhov kev qhia hauv online uas tau ua tsawg kawg qee zaus hauv kaum ob lub hlis dhau los. Peb twb tau tham txog tias kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb yuav muaj tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum tau lees paub hauv cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam raws li qhov laj thawj rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACSID-11 cov qhab nia thoob plaws tus cwj pwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub sij hawm anomalous qhov tseem ceeb yuav qhia tau tias rau qee qhov kev coj cwj pwm yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem siv tsis tas yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txhua yam ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ua tau. Tej zaum nws yuav ua tau tias ACSID-11 tsis tuaj yeem npog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau sim nrog cov qauv ywj pheej tshiab nrog rau cov neeg mob uas kuaj pom muaj teeb meem siv Internet tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem. Cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees li sawv cev rau cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab tsis muaj kev kaw cia thaum lub sijhawm sau cov ntaub ntawv; Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob COVID-19 muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau theem kev ntxhov siab thiab (teeb meem) kev siv Internet (Király li al., 2020). Txawm hais tias ib leeg-khoom L-1 nplai tau zoo-validated (Beierlein li al., 2015), (qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb) lub neej kev txaus siab tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau dua hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej siv ACSID-11.
Hauv kev xaus, ACSID-11 tau ua pov thawj tias tsim nyog rau kev ntsuas dav dav, zoo ib yam, thiab kev txheeb xyuas nyiaj txiag ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm (muaj peev xwm) kev siv Internet tshwj xeeb xws li kev ua si tsis zoo, kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev saib duab liab qab-siv hauv internet, kev sib raug zoo network. -siv tsis meej, thiab kev twv txiaj hauv online tsis zoo raws li ICD-11 kev kuaj mob rau kev ua si tsis zoo. Kev soj ntsuam ntxiv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua. Peb cia siab tias ACSID-11 tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo dua ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab nws kuj yuav pab tau rau kev kho mob yav tom ntej.
Cov chaw pab nyiaj
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 411232260.
Tus sau phau ntawv pab nyiaj
SMM: Cov txheej txheem, kev txheeb xyuas, Kev Sau Ntawv - Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb; EW: Conceptualization, Methodology, Sau - Rov Xyuas & Hloov kho; AO: Txheej txheem, kev soj ntsuam; RS: Kev xav, Kev Qhia; AM: Kev xav, Kev Qhia; CM: Kev xav, Kev Qhia; KW: Kev xav, Txoj Kev; HJR: Kev xav, Kev Qhia; MB: Kev xav, Kev Qhia, Kev Sau Ntawv - Kev Ntsuam Xyuas & Hloov Kho, Saib Xyuas.
Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab
Cov neeg sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj nyiaj txiag lossis lwm yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no.
Acknowledgements
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsab xov xwm no tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb ACSID, FOR2974, tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 411232260.
Cov khoom siv ntxiv
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem pom online https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00013.
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