Kev soj ntsuam ntawm "Cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhawb kev sib deev li kev yees" (Prause et al., 2017)

Introduction

Nicole Prause tau tshaj tawm ib qho ntxiv ntawm nws tsab ntawv mus rau tus kws sau ntawv tias "debunking" qhov muaj sia ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj quav yeeb quav tshuaj (porn "kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev" tsis ntev los no ICD-11). Tsis nws tsis. Qhov no 240-lo lus xav thooj (Prause li al., 2017) xam xoom kev kawm los txhawb nws cov neeg pab leg ntaubntawv, prov taug kev tsuas yog ib zaug xwb, yooj yim refuted kab lus raws li nws tib "pov thawj" countering qauv tiv.

Qhov no Prause-penned tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv Lancet, kos npe los ntawm plaub tus phoojywg (Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn thiab James Pfaus), yog ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm tsab ntawv luv luv: Puas muaj kev sib deev ntau dhau ntawm kev sib daj sib deev? (Potenza thiab. al., 2017), kws yog Marc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor thiab Shane Kraus. (Ob qho tib si raug muab tso ua ke hauv tag nrho.)

Incidentally, peb ntawm Prause plaub tus neeg kos npe rau hauv Lancet tseem qiv lawv lub npe rau nws ua ntej 2016 Salt Lake Tribune Op-Ed tua tawm Tsav Txoj Cai Tshiab thiab nws txoj hauj lwm hauv internet porn. Tias Salt Lake Tribune 600-lo lus Op-Ed yog chock tag nrho ntawm cov lus tsis sib raug zoo uas tau muab xam kom raug rau cov neeg pej xeem. Thiab nws cov sau phau ntawv, Ua ntej thiab cov phooj ywg, tsis muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa ib zaug xwb. Tus Op-Ed tsuas muab 4 cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb - tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev sib daj sib deev, porn qhov teebmeem ntawm kev sib raug zoo, lossis teebmeem hauv kev sib deev. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau teb nrog cov kev sib nrauj ntawm Prause Op-Ed: Op-Ed: Leejtwg yog tus qhia txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev saib duab liab qab? (2016)Cov. Tsis zoo li "kws tshaj lij" ntawm qhov pib Op-Ed, cov lus teb sau hais qhia ntau pua cov kev tshawb fawb thiab ntau yam kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus siab lawv cov lus.

Ib qho PhD nyob hauv Lancet kev rau siab uas ploj lawm ntawm Salt Lake Tribune Op-Ed (Peter Finn) tshwm sim rau co-sau ib 2014 ntawv cuav piece nrog Prause thiab David Ley (tus sau ntawm Lub tswvyim hais txog kev sib deev), muaj cai Tus Huab Tais Tsis Muaj Cov Khaub Ncaws: Tus Txheej Txheem Kev Saib Xyuas 'Pornography Addiction' Model (2014). Daim ntawv tsis yog qhov tseeb, thiab nyuaj, vim tias nws yuav ntseeg, tsis muaj dab tsi nyob hauv Ley / Prause / Finn paper yog qhov tseeb los yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Cov hauv qab no yog kev soj ntsuam ntev heev ntawm daim ntawv uas mus rau kab-rau-kab, citation by citation, ua rau ntau lub npe hu ua Ley / Prause / Finn incorporated hauv lawv cov "rov": Tus Huab Tais Tsis Muaj Cov Khaub Ncaws: Ib qho Ruam Ncaj Ncees Ua Ntej Saib Xyuas. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws tau tshem tawm qee qhov kev tshawb fawb uas tau tshaj tawm qhia txog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev siv porn lossis pom muaj yees porn - thiab tseem sau npe nws tus kheej "tshuaj xyuas!"

Hloov tshiab (Plaub Hlis, 2019): Hauv kev sim ua ntsiag to YBOP kev thuam, qee tus sau phau ntawv tsim ib pawg (suav nrog 4 ntawm 5 tus kws sau ntawv nyob rau Prause li al., 2017 - Nicole Prause, Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn) nyiag khoom YBOP lub cim lag luam thiab tsim bogus tsom iav site thiab social media accounts. Saib nplooj ntawv no kom paub meej: Txhob Thwm Ceeb Toom Tseg Txhaum Cai Daus Tawm (www.realyourbrainonporn.com).

Tig mus rau lub sijhawm Lancet Peb yuav tsum hais tias tsis yog ib qho ntawm tsib Prause li al., 2017 cov neeg kos npe tau luam tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshawb xyuas "porn los yog poj niam txiv neej."Ntxiv mus, ib txhia uas kos npe rau Prause's Lancet tsab ntawv muaj keeb kwm ntawm feverishly zuj lub tswvyim ntawm porn thiab kev sib deev yees (yog li qhia qhov tseeb siab dua). Nyob rau hauv sib piv, txhua ntawm tsib Potenza li al. 2017 co-authors (leej twg sau thawj tsab ntawv ntawm qhov kev kawm no Lancet) tau luam tawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb nrog kev kawm nrog kev sib deev tsis sib deev nrog kev sib deev (suav nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg siv porn thiab cov neeg sib deev.). Nqe Lus Nug: yog vim li cas ib tug neeg uas tsis tau ua haujlwm los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv rau ntau xyoo, thiab yog leej twg qhib txhawj xeeb hauv kev ntuas thiab kev thab plaub ntawm cov neeg uas hais tias porn tej zaum yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv, muab ib qho perch rau nws kev txhawb nqa kev dag ntxias? Hauv qhov yuav luag tsis tau muaj tshwm sim, 19 kev thuam ntawm Prause txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv zoo ib yam li lwm tus:

Thaum kawg, xav tias yuav tsis quav ntsej txog Prause li al disinformation (hauv qab) thiab mus ncaj qha rau lub koob npe nrov hauv daim teb no. Ntawm no yog a daim ntawv teev 30 cov lus pov thawj neuroscience-based nyeem tshawb xyuas & tawm tswv yim ntawm CSBD los ntawm qee qhov saum neuroscientists nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa tus yees qauv. Xwb, xav rau daim ntawv no txhua cov kev tshawb fawb neuroscience-based luam tawm ntawm cov neeg siv porn thiab cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj (dhau 50 txog hnub)Cov. Lawv muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau cov qauv kev quav yeeb yaj kiab raws li lawv cov kev tshawb pom tsom qhov tshawb pom neurological qhia nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb kev quav yeeb tshuaj (tawm tsam qhov tsis muaj qhov pom zoo nyob rau hauv Prause li al.). Thaum kawg, xav txog ntau dua 60 cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tawm raws li kev siv porn siv (kev kam rau siab), kev tsis txaus siab rau cov duab liab qab, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev. Txhua tus yog cov cim thiab cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog kev quav - yog li debunking Siv lub tswv yim thiab al.'s cuav hais tias tsis kam txais los yog thim tawm tau raug tshaj tawm hauv cov neeg saib xyuas cov neeg saib xyuas.

Ntawm no yog cov ntawv sau ua ke uas lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lancet:

Daim ntawv Potenza thiab lub sijhawm teb

Puas muaj kev sib deev ntau dhau ntawm kev sib daj sib deev? (Potenza li al., 2017)

Marc N Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor,  Shane W Kraus

Luam tawm Cuaj hlis, 2017

Nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus nyob rau hauv Lub Lancet Psychiatry, John B Saunders thiab cov npoj yaig1 aptly piav tam sim no sib cav tswv yim hais txog cov kev xav thiab kev faib ntawm kev twv txiaj thiab gaming mob raws li hom mob, uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub cim ntawm DSM-52 thiab nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm ICD-11.3 Kev sib deev ntawm tus cwj pwm kev sib deev raug xa tawm raws li kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau ICD-11.3 Txawm li cas los xij, peb ntseeg tias qhov logic tau thov los ntawm Saunders thiab cov npoj yaig1 tej zaum kuj yuav siv rau kev sib deev tsis sib deev ntawm kev sib deev. Kev sib deev tsis zoo ntawm kev sib daj sib deev (ua haujlwm raws li hypersexual tsis meej) tau raug suav hais tias yog rau kev koom nrog DSM-5, tiam sis raug tshem tawm, txawm tias dhau ntawm kev tsim cov kev cai thiab kev sib tw ua qhov kev sib tw.2 Qhov kev cais no tau ua rau kev tiv thaiv, kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab kev kho mob, thiab cov kws kho mob sab laug tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev.

Kev tshawb fawb mus rau hauv lub neurobiology ntawm compulsive kev sib deev tus cwj pwm tsis meej tau generated tshawb pom txog attentional biases, ua kom muaj siab salience attributions, thiab lub hlwb-raws li cue reactivity uas hais ntau yam pauv loj zoo sib xws nrog addictions.4 Kev sib daj sib deev ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev raug xa mus ua ib qho kev tsis sib haum tswj nyob rau hauv ICD-11, raws li qhov kev xav tau hais tias kev xav, kev koom tes txuas ntxiv txawm tias muaj kev phom sij, kev sib txeeb yuam, thiab txo kev tswj cov sawv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm tus kheej.5 Qhov kev pom no tej zaum yuav tsim nyog rau qee qhov DSM-IV impulse-tswj kab mob, uas yog pathological twv txiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus no tau ntev los suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm DSM-IV rau DSM-5, qeb ntawm Impulse Control Disorders Tsis nyob hauv lwm qhov Classified raug kho dua, nrog txoj kev twvtxiaj twvtxiaj thiab rov cais dua li ib qhov kev tivthaiv.2 Nyob rau tam sim no, ICD-11 beta qhov chaw tsim muaj npe impulse-tswj tus kab mob, thiab muaj xws li compulsive kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, pyromania, kleptomania, thiab sib tshooj sib nrauj sib tawg.3

Muaj ob qho zoo thiab muaj kev ncaj ncees hais txog kev cais ntawm kev sib daj sib deev tsis sib haum xeeb li kev tswj hwm tus kheej. Ntawm ib sab tes, kev koom tes ntawm kev sib daj sib deev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv ICD-11 tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib haum xeeb, kev kho mob, thiab kev kawm txog cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, kev faib ntawm compulsive kev sib deev tus cwj pwm tsis meej raws li ib tug lam ua-control tsis meej raws li txwv mus rau ib qho hom teeb meem yuav tsis zoo feem xyuam rau txoj kev kho mob thiab kawm los ntawm kev kho mob limiting muaj, kev kho mob cov kev kawm, thiab kev tshawb fawb kev siv zog. Kev sib deev ntawm tus cwj pwm sib deev zoo li haum haum nrog cov kab mob uas tsis yog tshuaj yeeb dej caw uas tau npaj tseg rau ICD-11, raws li lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm kev sib daj sib deev tam sim no tau npaj rau kev yuam cai ntawm kev sib deev hauv lub ICD-11 qhov website.3 Peb ntseeg tias kev cais ntawm kev sib daj sib deev tsis sib haum xeeb yog raws li cov lus qhia tsis ntev los no thiab yuav pab tau cov kws kho mob, cov neeg tshawb xyuas, thiab cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev mob nkeeg.

References:

    1. Ntau dhau kev twvtxiaj thiab kev ua si: muaj kev tivthaiv kabmob? Lancet Psychiatry. 2017; 4: 433-435 PubMed
    2. Mental American Association. Diagnostic thiab daim ntawv qhia ntawm phau ntawv mob hlwb (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Arlington; 2013. Google Scholar
    3. LEEJ TWG. ICD-11 beta qauv. http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en (nkag lub Xya hli ntuj 18, 2017).
    4. Qhov kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev yuav tsum yog qhov kev tiv thaiv? Txhaj. 2016; 111: 2097-2106 PubMed
    5. Impulse tswj kev ntshawv siab thiab "cwj pwm kev coj cwj pwm" hauv ICD-11. Ntiaj teb kev puas siab puas ntsws. 2014; 13: 125-127 PubMed

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Cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhawb kev sib deev raws li kev ua yees (Prause li al., 2017)

Nicole Prause, Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn, James Pfaus

Luam tawm Hlis ntuj nqeg, 2017

Marc Potenza thiab cov npoj yaig1 pab txhawb txog "kev sib deev ntau tus cwj pwm" ua ib hom kev xiam oob qhab hauv ICD-11. Kev sib deev muaj feem ntawm kev nyiam thiab xav kom sib koom nrog txoj kev sib tw neural nrog ntau yam kev coj cwj pwm.2 Txawm li cas los, kev sim kev tshawb fawb tsis txhawb ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm tus yees xws li escalation ntawm kev siv, teeb meem regulating kev ntshaw, tsis zoo los, yam khoom plig tsis muaj peev xwm syndrome, ntsoos ntsoos syndrome nrog tas, kam rau ua, los yog kho kom zoo lig zoo potentials. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb yam tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ua kom muaj zog ntawm glutamate neurons uas ua rau lub cev ntog ntawm cov keeb kwm. Cov kev hloov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau long-term sensitization ntawm lub mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, raws li manifested los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob xws li cue hob yees thiab compulsive siv yeeb tshuaj. 3 Rau hnub tim, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev sib daj sib deev ntawm glutamate kev ua haujlwm thiab nws cov tes dej num ntawm txoj kev dopamine tsawg heev.

Poj niam txiv neej yog thawj yam khoom plig, nrog kev sib txuas ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib daj sib deev zoo nrog kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej txaus siab. Kev sib deev tsis tso cai rau kev xav supraphysiological. Kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no tseem tsis tau tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm. Kev sim ua hauj lwm tau raug txwv rau kev sib deev cues, los yog kev txhawb nqa theem siab, siv cov duab. Yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb nrhiav ntau ntxiv, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib deev sib txawv los yog ntev li ntawm kev sib deev tsis txhawb nws txoj kev xam nrog rau kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis txaus los sib txawv ntawm kev ua qauv thiab kev lam ua qauv. Muaj ntau lwm txoj kev ua nyob, nrog rau cov qauv zoo uas tsis muaj kev qis dua.4 Potenza thiab cov npoj yaig5 kuj tau hais tias qhov kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb quav tsis tau rau kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev: peb pom zoo nrog qhov kev txiav txim siab ua ntej.

References:

    1. Puas muaj kev sib deev ntau dhau ntawm kev sib daj sib deev? Lancet Psychiatry. 2017; 4: 663-664 PubMed
    2. Kev sib deev rau kev lom zem: ib qho tawm ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu tsiaj txhu. Nat Tsib Rev. 2012; 9: 486-498 PubMed
    3. Tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li lub ntsws ntawm staged neuroplasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008; 33: 166-180 PubMed
    4. Hypersexuality: ib qho tseem ceeb xyuas thiab kev taw qhia rau "kev sib deev hauv tus cwj pwm". Tus poj niam txiv neej pw. 2017; DOI:10.1007/s10508-017-0991-8<
    5. Qhov kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev yuav tsum yog qhov kev tiv thaiv? Txhaj. 2016; 111: 2097-2106 PubMed

Debunking kab lus hauv keev muaj txhua yam Prause li al. 2017 yuav tsum muaj

Prause tus Lancet kev siv zog tsuas muaj ib kab lus nkaus xwb (thiab tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa) los tiv thaiv Potenza li al. tawm tswv yim. (Hauv kev txhawb nqa Potenza li al., xav txog cov ntsiab lus no 25 / xyuas pom tias CSBD yuav tsum raug cais raws li "kev coj cwj pwm ntxiv" qeb hauv WHO tus tshiab ICD-11.) Prause li alCov. muab xya thiaj li hu “tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv”Nws cov kws sau ntawv thov cov kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv porn lossis pw ua ke sib deev:

TSIS MUAJ HNUB AL: Txawm li cas los, kev sim kev tshawb fawb tsis txhawb ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm tus yees xws li escalation ntawm kev siv, teeb meem regulating kev ntshaw, tsis zoo los, yam khoom plig tsis muaj peev xwm syndrome, ntsoos ntsoos syndrome nrog tas, kam rau ua, los yog kho kom zoo lig zoo potentials.

Tshawb kev kos:

  1. Peb ntawm Prause xya yam tsis raug lees paub tias yog "kev tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig": Lub txiaj ntsig ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tsis muaj zog, ua kom zoo rau lub txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej, thiab tshem tawm. Qhov tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm ob qho tib si thim tawm thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov neeg siv porn thiab cov neeg quav yeeb tshuaj. Nws lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev quav ("ua kom zoo muaj peev xwm yav tom ntej") tsuas tau ntsuas hauv ib thoob plaws lub koom haum Nicole Prause EEGCov. Xya tus neeg tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo tias Prause nrhiav tau EEG qhov nyeem qis dua (qis lig muaj peev xwm yav dhau los) qhov tseeb txhais tau hais tias cov neeg siv porn nquag dhau los tau dhuav los ntawm porn porn porn (qhov qhia tau tias muaj yees tshwm sim). Qhov tseeb, cov kev tshawb fawb no ntawm Prause daim ntawv pom zoo tias nws pom desensitization / habituation hauv cov neeg siv porn tsis tu ncua (zoo ib yam li cov qauv yees): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
  2. Yog li, txwv tsis pub dhau rau Prause cov neeg pab leg ntaubntawv, rau ntawm xya qhov hu ua "kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj" muaj raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov neeg siv porn thiab / lossis cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj - thiab lub xya quav rau nws tus kheej cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg (tias nws yog "yuam sij") thiab nws tus kheej disputed tsom xam.

Cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum tau nug lawv tus kheej vim li cas Prause li al. yuav sim ntxias lawv.

Ua ntej peb muab qhov kev txhawb nqa tiag tiag rau "cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav tshuaj" uas Prause li alCov. thov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, cia peb tham me ntsis seb cov kws yees dab tsi ntseeg tau ua tau cov ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav tshuaj:

Lub hlwb loj hloov vim raug yuam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog tau piav los ntawm George F. Koob thiab Nora D. Volkow hauv lawv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thaj av: Neurobiologic Cov Kev Txheeb Ze Los Ntawm Lub Hlwb Cov Kab Mob Hlwb (2016). Koob yog Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Koom Haum Lub Tebchaws ntawm Kev Cawv Cawv thiab Dej Cawv (NIAAA), thiab Volkow yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Yeeb Tshuaj (NIDA).

Daim ntawv no qhia txog plaub lub hlwb tseem ceeb uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm, thiab lawv paub li cas: 1) Mob Tseg, 2) Desensitization, 3) Dysfunctional prefrontal circuits (hypofrontality), 4) Malfunctioning kev nyuaj siab system. Tag nrho 4 ntawm cov kev hloov hauv lub hlwb tau pom muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyuab siab uas teev nyob ntawm nplooj ntawv no:

  1. Kev tshawb fawb qhia hnov mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg liab qab cov neeg siv / poj niam txiv neej: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
  2. Txheeb dhau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hlwb los cuam tshuam lossis kev ntshaw mus siv.
  3. Kev tshawb fawb qhia desensitization lossis kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv kev sib deev / poj niam txiv neej: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Ua rau me ntsis nqi zog tsis txaus siab (tsis txaus siab dua), kev phaum kom porn (txo lub hlwb ua kom zoo), kam rau siab (nce mus rau lwm yam tshiab).
  4. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog neeg txom nyem tswj haujlwm (hypofrontality) los yog hloov ua ntej ua ntej hauv cov porn cov neeg siv / poj niam txiv neej: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Ua tau raws li tsis muaj zog phaj, kev xav, kev tsis muaj peev xwm tswj kev siv, kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo.
  5. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia ib dysfunctional kev nyuaj siab system nyob rau hauv cov neeg liab qab cov neeg siv / poj niam txiv neej: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
  6. Manifests li txawm kev ntxhov siab me mus rau cravings thiab relapse vim nws activates haib rhiab heev txoj. Ib qho ntxiv, txiav kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj yuav ua rau lub hlwb kev ntxhov siab ua rau ntau qhov kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob uas nquag muaj rau txhua tus quav, xws li ntxhov siab, npau taws thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub siab.

Raws li peb tau pom Prause li al., 2017, suav-txiv xaiv thiab qhia qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm kev quav luam tawm los ua ib tsab ntawv “raug cai” los txuas rau hauv social media thiab xa email rau cov neeg sau xov xwm.

Kev txhawb nqa rau "cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev quav" uas Prause li al. thov tau tsis tuaj

Hauv seem no peb muab kev txhawb nqa rau “cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav tshuaj yeeb quav cawv” uas Prause dag tias tsis muaj.

TSIS MUAJ HNUB AL: Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb nrhiav kev sim tsis txhawb cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev quav tshuaj kev siv kev nyuaj, kev tswj teeb meem tsis zoo, kev tsis pom kev zoo, kev ua lag luam tsis muaj nqi nrov nrov, tshem tawm syndrome nrog kev txiav txim, kev kam rau siab, or kev ua kom zoo zog tuaj.

1) "kev khiav tawm ntawm kev siv" thiab "kam rau ua"

Prause li alCov. cov npe tsis raug “zam lub txim” thiab “sib ntxiv ntawm kev siv” raws li cais cov uas muaj yees. Kam taus, uas yog qhov xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntau dua txhawm rau kom ua tiav tib theem ntawm arousal kuj tseem hu ua kev tsim txom (tsawg dua thiab tsis tshua teb rau tshuaj los yog qhov txhawb nqa). Nrog rau cov neeg ua yeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv kam rau ua / cwj pwm kev zam tsim nyog raws li xav tau koob tshuaj ntau dua kom ua tiav tib qhov siab. Qhov no yog kev nce siab ntawm kev siv. Nrog cov neeg siv porn, kam rau ua / cwj pwm ua rau ua rau laj siab nrog cov hom tshiab tam sim no lossis hom porn: ntau dua kev txhawb nqa feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev nce mus rau ntau dua lossis ntau dua tshiab ntawm hom porn.

Txawm tias muaj cov pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom zoo rau kev ua siab loj ua rau cov neeg siv porn loj dua, puas muaj kev tshawb fawb? Qhov tseeb, dhau 50 cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tawm kev tshawb pom zoo los sis nce siab nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv porn - tag nrho yoojyim tsis lees paub los ntawm Prause thiab nws biased kws sau ntawv. Ntawm no peb muab ob peb qhov piv txwv txog kev nce kev loj hlob thiab kev mob siab / kev ua siab ntev los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov 50 cov kev tshawb fawb:

Ib qho ntawm thawj cov kev tshawb fawb los nug cov neeg siv porn ncaj qha hais txog escalation: "Cov kev sib deev hauv online: Ib qho kev tshawb kawm tshawb nrhiav cov teeb meem uas tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj teeb meem hauv cov qauv ntawm cov txiv neej "(2016). Txoj kev tshawb kawm qhia txog kev nce qib, raws li 49% ntawm cov txiv neej tau qhia cov duab liab qab uas tsis yog yav tas los tsis txaus siab rau lawv los yog tias lawv tau xav txog kev qias neeg. Ib qho excerpt:

Plaub cuaj-cuaj feem tau hais tsawg kawg rau qee zaum nrhiav kev sib deev los yog koom tes hauv OSAs uas tsis tau ua yav dhau los rau lawv los yog lawv xav tias qias neeg.

"Tus Qauv Tswj Tus Kheej: Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txwv tsis pub deev thiab kev zoo siab hauv kev sib deev Arousal thiab tus cwj pwm," 2007. Indiana University Press, Editor: Erick Janssen, pp.197-222.  Hauv kev sim ua haujlwm uas siv cov porn video (ntawm hom uas tau siv hauv cov kev sim ua dhau los), 50% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis tuaj yeem los ua tau lossis ua tiav nrog cov porn (lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab yog 29). Cov soj ntsuam ntawm ceeb pom tias cov txiv neej lub erectile kuj yog,

muaj feem xyuam rau theem siab thiab muaj kev sib deev tsis ntsees.

Cov txiv neej uas muaj erectile kuj tau siv sijhawm ntau heev hauv cov pas dej thiab da dej nyob qhov twg porn "thoob ntiaj teb," thiab "ua si tsis tu ncua." Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias:

Cov lus sib tham nrog cov ntsiab lus txhawb peb lub tswv yim hais tias nyob rau qee qhov ntawm lawv cov kev raug mob rau erotica zoo li ua rau cov lus teb rau "vanilla deev" erotica thiab nce ntxiv rau kev hloov tshiab thiab variation, nyob rau qee zaus nrog kev xav tau tshwj xeeb hom stimuli thiaj li tau txais kev txhawj xeeb.

Li cas ntawm lub hlwb scan txoj kev tshawb no? "Bnag cov qauv thiab Functional Connectivity Associated nrog saib liab qab siv: Lub Hlwb ntawm Porn " (Kühn & Gallinat, Xyoo 2014). Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Max Planck Lub Koom Txoos fMRI pom pom muaj teeb meem tsawg dua me me hauv qhov khoom plig tsim muaj txiaj ntsig (dorsal striatum) cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntawm kev siv porn. Nws tseem pom tias ntau cov porn siv sib txheeb nrog cov nqi zog tsawg dua hauv Circuit Court thaum sim saib cov duab kev sib deev. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau xav tias lawv qhov kev tshawb pom tau hais tawm desensitization, thiab muaj peev xwm zam tau, uas yog qhov xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntau dua kom ua tiav tib theem ntawm arousal. Ua tus sau Simone Kühn hais tias cov nram qab no txog nws txoj kev kawm:

Qhov no yuav txhais tau hais tias kev siv dag zog ntawm kev saib duab liab qab yog qhov khoom plig. ... Peb thiaj li xav tias cov ntsiab lus uas muaj cov duab liab qab yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog tshaj li txoj hauv kev txaus siab mus txog tib qib nqi zog .... Qhov no yog raws li cov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb rau lwm qhov chaw hauv lub hlwb: kev siv duab liab qab siab pom tau tias yog txuam nrog kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom plig thiab prefrontal cortex.

Lwm lub hlwb scan txoj kev tshawb "Kev tsim kho tshiab, kev kho mob thiab kev xav rau kev sib deev“(2015). Cambridge University fMRI kawm qhia ntau dua cwj pwm kev xav ntawm kev sib deev hauv cov neeg siv porn tsis tau txais. Kev piav qhia:

Online stimuli tsis meej meej yog dav thiab nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab cov yam ntxwv no tuaj yeem txhawb kev nce siab ntawm kev siv qee tus neeg. Piv txwv li, cov txiv neej noj qab nyob zoo dua ua tib cov yeeb yaj kiab qhia tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ua rau qhov kev xav tau thiab pom qhov txawv txav sai li tsis muaj kev sib daj sib deev, tsis qab los noj mov thiab tsis tau nqus (Koukounas thiab Tshaj, 2000). … Peb tau sim ntau yam uas tau pom hauv chaw kuaj mob tias Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Cuam Tshuam Tus Cwj Pwm yog yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab, kev mob thiab muaj cwj pwm rau kev sib deev hauv txiv neej.

Los ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm:

Qhov kev cuam tshuam tib yam no tshwm sim hauv cov txiv neej noj qab nyob zoo uas tau rov ua dua tib yam li cov porn ua yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis thaum lawv tom qab ntawd saib cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab, qib kev nyiam thiab arousal rov qab mus rau thawj theem. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias, txhawm rau kom tiv thaiv tsis txhob muaj chaw nyob, tus neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj yuav xav nrhiav cov khoom ntawm cov duab tshiab. Hauv lwm lo lus, txoj kev nyob ruaj khov tuaj yeem tsav qhov kev tshawb rau cov duab tshiab.

"Peb txoj kev tshawb pom tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam ntawm kev saib duab liab qab online," Dr Voon hais ntxiv. "Nws tsis paub meej tias dab tsi ua rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv thawj qhov chaw thiab nws yuav muaj qee tus neeg muaj feem ntau ua ntej rau kev quav tshuaj dua li lwm tus, tab sis zoo li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tshiab ntawm cov duab kev sib deev muaj nyob hauv online pab pub lawv quav, ua rau nws ntau dua thiab nyuaj rau kev khiav dim tau. "

Yuav ua li cas hais txog Prause tus kheej EEG kawm, uas nws tus kheej pom qhov chaw nyob? Kev Teeb Meem ntawm Txoj Kev Zoo Siab Los ntawm Cov Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua nyob hauv Cov Neeg Siv Teeb Meem thiab Kev Tswj Txheej Txheem nrog "Porn Addiction" (Prause li al., 2015). Piv rau cov tswj "cov tib neeg muaj teeb meem tswj lawv cov porn saib" tau txo lub hlwb cov lus teb rau ib-ob raug cov duab ntawm vanilla porn. Lub ua thawj coj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntsiab lus no yog "kev sib daj sib deev tsis sib haum." Qhov teeb meem no, dab tsi yog cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tsuas muaj kev deb ntawm ib qho tau tsim kev kawm zoo?

Nyob hauv kev muaj tiag, cov kev tshawb pom ntawm Prause li al. 2015 dlhos zoo zoo nrog Kwghn & Gallinat (2014), uas pom tias ntau porn siv correlated nrog lub hlwb tsawg ua teb rau cov duab ntawm vanilla porn. Lub Prause li al. kev tshawb nrhiav kuj ua haujlwm nrog Banca li al. 2015, uas tau tshaj tawm tias kev nyeem ntawv EEG qis dua txhais tau tias cov ncauj lus tau ua tib zoo saib cov duab dua li ntawm kev tswj hwm. Muab yooj yim, ntau zaus cov neeg siv porn tau desensitized rau cov duab zoo li qub ntawm vanilla porn. Lawv tau dhuav (nyob los yog tsis muaj qhov xav tau). Saib qhov no nws kim heev YBOP qhov kev ua txhaumCov. Tsis pub tsawg dua 9 saib cov ntawv txheeb xyuas pom zoo tias Prause li al. 2015 pom qhov tseeb desensitization / habituation nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv porn heev dhau los (uas muaj xwm yeem nrog kev quav): Peer-ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Prause li al., 2015

Kev tshawb fawb uas tshaj tawm tias ob qho tib si ua siab ntev thiab thim tawm (ob yam khoom ntawm Prause Lancet piece dag hais tias tsis muaj txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia ob qho tib si):  "Txoj Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Kev Teeb Meem Pornographic Scale (PPCS)" (2017) - Tsab ntawv no tau tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov teeb meem siv lo lus nug uas tau ua qauv tom qab siv tshuaj tiv thaiv cov quav. Cov lus 18-cov lus nug soj ntsuam no ua rau siab thiab tshem tawm nrog 6 cov lus nug hauv qab no:

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Txhua nqe lus nug tau raug muab los ntawm ib mus txog xya nyob rau ntawm Likert nplai: 1- Tsis tau, 2- Tsis tshua, 3- Qee zaum, 4- Qee zaum, 5- Ntau zaus, 6- Ntau zaus, 7- Txhua lub sijhawm. Daim duab kab hauv qab tau cais cov neeg siv porn ua 3 pawg raws li lawv cov qhab nia: "Tsis raug nqi," "Tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo," thiab "Muaj kev pheej hmoo." Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias ntau tus neeg siv porn paub txog kev kam thiab tshem tawm

Ua tib zoo, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau nug txog kev tuaj sab nrauv (kam lees) thiab tshem tawm - thiab ob leeg tau qhia los ntawm qee cov neeg siv porn.

Qhov no loj heev (n = 6463) kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas zoo nkauj debunks txhua txhua Prause li al. hais - Prevalence, Cov Qauv thiab Cov Cwj Pwm Ntawm Yus Tus Kheej ntawm Kev Siv Luam Yeeb Cov Neeg Siv Luam Yeeb hauv Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Zej Zog: Soj Ntsuam Ntawm Ntu (2019). Nws tau tshaj tawm txhua yam ntawm tus neeg foob tsis muaj: kam rau ua / thaj yeeb, nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv, xav tau ntau yam ntxiv rau kev sib deev, tshem tawm cov tsos mob thaum tawm, porn teeb meem kev sib deev, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Ob peb kev zam uas cuam tshuam txog kam rau ua / habituation / escalation:

Qhov feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev siv cov duab liab qab muaj xws li: qhov xav tau ntev zog (12.0%) thiab ntau hom kev sib deev (17.6%) mus txog orgasm, thiab txo qis hauv kev sib deev (24.5%) ...

Tam sim no txoj kev tshawb no kuj pom zoo tias cov kev sib tw tam sim no yuav txuam nrog kev txo lub suab seev rau kev sib deev raws li tau qhia los ntawm kev xav kom ntev zog thiab ntau hom kev sib deev uas yuav tsum tau mus txog orgasm thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej, thiab qhov txo qis hauv kev sib deev siab ...

Kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev siv duab liab qab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm raug nthuav tawm tau tshaj tawm: hloov mus rau ib hom ntawv tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv tsis meej (46.0%), kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis phim tus cwj pwm kev sib deev (60.9%) thiab xav siv ntau dua cov khoom siv heev (tsausmuag) (32.0%). Lub tom kawg tau qhia ntau dua los ntawm cov poj niam xav tias lawv tus kheej xav paub ntau piv rau cov uas hais txog lawv tus kheej uas tsis xav tau

txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no pom tau hais tias yuav tsum siv ntau cov duab liab qab ntau dua los ntawm cov txiv neej piav txog lawv tus kheej li txhoj puab heev.

Lwm cov cim ntxiv ntawm kev kam rau ua siab ntev / nce siab: xav tau ntau lub tabs qhib thiab siv porn tawm sab nraum lub tsev:

Feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau txais kev siv ntawm hom ntiav (76.5% n = 3256) thiab ntau qhov rais (51.5% n = 2190) thaum saib cov duab liab qab hauv online. Kev siv cov duab liab qab nyob sab nraud tau tshaj tawm tias 33.0% (n = 1404).

Nyuam qhuav pib lub hnub nyoog uas siv cov teeb meem loj dua thiab kev quav tshuaj (qhov no yog qhia tau hais tias kam rau siab-ua kom zoo-nce siab):

Hnub nyoog ntawm thawj zaug kis tau cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias muaj feem cuam tshuam kev tsis zoo ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv cov laus - qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws tau nrhiav tau rau cov pojniam thiab txivneej ntawm 12 xyoo lossis qis dua. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib tshuam tsis pub muaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tsim txom, qhov kev tshawb pom no yuav qhia tau tias kev koom nrog thaum yau nrog cov duab liab qab yuav muaj teeb meem rau lub sijhawm ntev ....

Kev tiv thaiv tus nqi tau raug siab, txawm tias nws yog "nws tus kheej tau pom":

Kev siv txhua lub sijhawm thiab kev tiv thiav yus tus kheej raug qhia los ntawm 10.7% thiab 15.5%, feem.

Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tawm cov tsos mob, txawm tias tsis yog tus neeg quav yeeb tshuaj (ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm kev quav tshuaj muaj yees):

Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej tam sim no cov neeg siv kev saib duab liab qab (n = 4260), 51.0% lees paub los ua ib qho kev sim tsawg kawg los ntawm kev siv nws yam tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob hauv ntau zaus ntawm cov kev sim ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. 72.2% ntawm cov neeg uas sim tawm kev saib duab liab qab tau qhia txog qhov kev paub ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib tus cuam tshuam e? kev mob siab (53.5%) (Cov Lus 26.4).

Kuv yuav muab tau 45 kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ceeb toom lossis qhia tus cwj pwm kom "porn tsis tu ncua" nrog rau kev nce ntxiv mus rau ntau yam txawv thiab tsis txawv, tab sis Prause li al. yog twb nthuav tawm rau dab tsi nws yog - ntawv cuav masquerading raws li ib tug scholarly tsab ntawv mus rau lub editor.

2) “cov kev tsis zoo”

Txij thaum pua pua ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txuas cov porn / kev sib daj sib deev thiab siv porn rau myriad cuam tshuam tsis zoo, Prause's Lancet hais tias tsis muaj txoj kev tshawb no tau qhia txog cov teeb meem tsis zoo no tshwm sim rau tsab ntawv ua tus kws txuj ci dag.

Qhov kev hais tawm yog ua deb los ntawm ntau pua ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev quab yuam kev sib deev, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ib lossis ntau tshaj ntawm cov porn / sib deev ua nkauj ua nraug. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj yog "txuas ntxiv siv txawm tias muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo txaus." Yog vim li cas thiaj li nug cov lus nug hauv qab no txhua tus nug txog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog CSB (txuas mus rau Google scholar kev tshawb fawb):

  1. Teeb Meem Pornography Siv Scale (PPUS),
  2. Compornive Pornography Consumption (CPC),
  3. Cyber ​​Pornography Siv Kev Tshawb Fawb (CPUI),
  4. Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Cuam Tshuam Cov Ntsiab Lus (CBOSB),
  5. Kev Sib Deev Compulsivity Scale (SCS),
  6. Hyperexual Behavior Inventory (HBI),
  7. Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ),
  8. Hypersexual Cwj Pwm Tshwm Sim Txiaj Ntsig (HBCS)
  9. Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Internet (Internet)
  10. Kev Teeb Meem Pornography Scale (PPCS)

Txawm sib nrug los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev quav tshuaj, qhov preponderance ntawm empirical pov thawj muab cov porn siv rau ntau yam kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv, dhau 70 tshawb nrhiav qhov porn siv tsawg dua kev sib deev thiab kev sib raug zoo. Raws li peb paub tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov txiv neej tau qhia tias ntau dua kev siv porn txuas rau poorer kev sib deev lossis kev sib raug zoo siab. Porn thiab teeb meem kev sib deev? Daim ntawv no muaj 35 tshawb nrhiav kev siv porn siv / porn yees mus rau kev sib deev thiab txo nqi arousal mus deev stimuli.

Porn siv kev cuam tshuam rau kev xav thiab kev mob hlwb? Tshaj 65 cov kev tshawb fawb txuas kev siv porn siv ua kom lub siab tsis zoo hauv lub siab-kev noj qab haus huv & kev paub tsis zoo.

Porn siv kev cuam tshuam kev ntseeg, kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm? Saib cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus kheej: dhau 35 tshawb nrhiav qhov siv porn siv rau "tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tib yam" rau cov poj niam thiab cov neeg saib xyuas poj niam. Los sis xav txog cov lus qhia los ntawm no 2016 meta-analysis - Media thiab kev sib deev: Lub State of Empirical Research, 1995-2015. Tshaj Tawm:

Ib qho tag nrho ntawm 109 cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas muaj cov kev tshawb fawb 135 tau muab coj los xyuas dua. Cov kev tshawb pom muaj pov thawj pom zoo tias ob qho tib si kuaj thiab niaj hnub ua rau cov ntsiab lus no yog ncaj nraim nrog ntau ntau yam, nrog rau ntau dua ntawm lub cev tsis txaus siab, kev txhawb tus kheej dua, kev txhawb zog ntawm kev ntseeg txog kev ua plees ua yi thiab kev ntseeg kev sib deev, thiab kev ua siab ntev ntawm kev sib deev mus rau poj niam. Ntxiv mus, kev sim ua rau cov ntsiab lus no ua rau cov poj niam thiab txiv neej muaj kev pom zoo ntawm poj niam txoj kev txawj, kev coj ncaj ncees, thiab tib neeg.

Dab tsi txog kev sib deev thiab kev siv porn? Lwm meta-tsom xam: Ib qho Meta-Analysis ntawm Pornography Kev Siv thiab Cov Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Sib Haum ntawm Kev Sib Deev hauv Kev Xam Pom Tib Neeg General (2015). Tshaj Tawm:

22 cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 7 txawv teb chaws tau tshawb xyuas. Kev siv txuam nrog kev sib deev hauv kev sib deev hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab chaw lwm tebchaws, ntawm cov txivneej thiab cov pojniam, thiab cov kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev sib tshuam thiab kev sib txuas ntev. Cov koom haum tau muaj zog rau kev hais lus tshaj kev sib deev, tab sis ob leeg tseem ceeb. Qhov kev hloov ntawm cov ntsiab lus pom tau tias cov ntsiab lus tsausmuag kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj.

Yuav ua li cas hais txog kev siv porn thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas? Xyuas seb daim ntawv teev npe ntawm no dhau 250 cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kev tshawb fawb, los yog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: xyuas # 1, soj ntsuam2, xyuas # 3, xyuas # 4, xyuas # 5, xyuas # 6, xyuas # 7, xyuas # 8, xyuas # 9, xyuas # 10, xyuas # 11, xyuas # 12, xyuas # 13. Ntawm qhov xaus ntawm no 2012 rov xyuas dua ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav - Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Txoj Kev Lom Zem hauv Internet rau Cov Tub Ntxhais Hluas: Kev Tshawb Pom Kev Tshawb Fawb:

Collectively, cov kev tshawb fawb tau hais no cov tub ntxhais hluas uas haus cov duab liab qab yuav tsim kev xav txog kev sib deev thiab kev ntseeg. Ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom, ntau dua ntawm cov kev sib deev uas muaj kev sib deev, kev sib deev kev sib deev, thiab kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev yav dhau los yog nrog kev sib ntxub ntau dua ntawm kev saib duab liab qab .... Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb nrhiav pom zoo tau nthuav tawm kev siv tub ntxhais hluas kev siv duab liab qab uas nthuav tawm kev nruj kev tsiv nrog ntau theem kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev. Cov ntawv nyeem qhia txog qee qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov hluas thaum kev siv cov duab liab qab thiab kev paub txog tus kheej. Cov ntxhais hluas qhia lawv lub cev tsis zoo rau cov poj niam uas lawv saib hauv cov khoom pornographic, thaum cov tub hluas ntshai tsam lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua virile lossis ua tau raws li cov txiv neej hauv cov ntawv xov xwm no. Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas kuj qhia tias lawv txoj kev siv duab liab qab tsis zoo li lawv tus kheej txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas siv cov duab liab qab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Internet, muaj qib qis dua kev sib raug zoo, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev coj ua, ua rau ntau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg zov me nyuam.

3) “nyuaj tswj kev yaum”

Daim ntawv foob uas tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm "nyuaj tswj kev yaum" yog qhov muaj tseeb raws li cov lus thov dhau los txog qhov tsis zoo. Cov lus nug ntau ntawm kev porn thiab poj niam txiv neej muaj npe nyob hauv # 2 tau txheeb xyuas seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam los tswj lawv txoj kev siv porn lossis kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev. Ib zaug ntxiv, "kev tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm kev siv, txawm tias muaj kev tsis zoo" yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev quav tshuaj - thiab raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov lus nug hauv cov txheej txheem. Peb muab ob peb qhov piv txwv los ntawm cov npe saum toj no ntawm porn / deev yees cov twj paj nruag.

Cyber ​​Pornography Siv Kev Tshawb Fawb (CPUI) -

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Teeb Meem Pornography Siv Scale (PPUS) -

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Kev Sib Deev Compulsivity Scale (SCS) -

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Hyperexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) -

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Tsis tas yuav sau seem no nrog CSB cov lus nug. Koj tau txais lub tswv yim - Prause li al lees tias tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav tau tshaj tawm qhia "qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm kev siv" yog qhov tsis raug cai thiab kev tsis txaus siab rau lub Lancet phau ntawv journal uas luam tawm lawv tsab ntawv.

4) "tus muaj mob syndrome tsis txaus"

Raws li tau hais los saud "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS) tsis yog ib qho kev pom zoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb uas muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Prause li al. tos rau RDS rau hauv lawv daim ntawv kom muab lub tswv yim cuav hais tias nws yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tsis tau qhia txog. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ib qho kev pom zoo txog RDS, nws muaj raug soj ntsuam (ntau tshaj hauv qab no).

As xeeb los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav Kenneth Blum, "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" tau piav raws li kev ua cov caj ces qis qis dopamine teeb liab, tej zaum tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tau txais hauv dopamine receptors. Raws li Blum kev xav, RDS ua tau zoo li tsis muaj kev lom zem (anhedonia) ntau dua li cov neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm dopamine ua haujlwm. Ntxiv mus, cov uas muaj RDS uas yuav muaj feem ntau them rau dopamine (tsis txaus siab ntau dua) los ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau (khoom noj khoom haus, kev twv txiaj kev sib deev) thiab cov tshuaj muaj yees, thiab yog li muaj kev pheej hmoo los ua neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj.

Kuv xav kom yooj yim rau kev nkag siab tsab xov xwm los ntawm Marc Lewis: Thaum Thrill Gone: Txoj Kev Muaj Txiaj Ntsig Zoo Tshaj Plaws (Reward Deficiency Syndrome). Lewis piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas:

Txawm hais tias nws thov rov hais dua, muaj qee qhov teeb meem loj nrog cov qauv RDS. Kuv mam li npe ob. Peb paub los ntawm kaum ob ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tias kev siv tshuaj yeeb cawv lossis haus cawv ua rau nws tus kheej txo qis dopamine receptor kom tsawg, los yog tsawg kawg dopamine receptor ua haujlwm, vim tias cov receptors zoo li hlawv tawm los yog dhau los ua thaum peb khaws cia ua rau muaj kev lom zem.

Hauv lwm lo lus, RDS tsis yog ib txwm caj, vim nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev quav nws tus kheej. Thaum kev quav yeeb tshuaj ua rau qis dopamine paib, lossis poob rau nqi zog khoom plig, nws hu ua desensitizationCov. Raws li tau piav ua ntej, desensitization ua rau muaj kev nkag siab, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua kom ua tiav tib lub xeev siab los yog arousal. Txwv tsis pub Prause qhov kev lees paub tsis meej txog RDS, rau-qhov kev tshawb fawb txog neuroscience tau tshaj tawm tias nrhiav tau zoo ib yam nrog desensitization lossis habituation: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8Cov. Yog tias peb kuj xav txog ntau yam habituation thiab nce cov kev tshawb fawb teev saum toj no, 40 ntau cov lus poob hauv qab "desensitization" lossis "poob nqi zog rhiab.".

Lub tswvyim kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev quav - the incentive-sensitization qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj txhawb nws - tau raug tsis quav ntsej los ntawm Prause li al.  Cov kev hloov ntawm txoj hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem tshwm sim tuaj nce "xav" lossis xav yees duab thaum lub siab nyiam lossis lom zem heev. Raws li Potenza li al taw qhia, ntau CSB cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia cov kev tshawb pom raws nraim nrog cov qauv kev txhawb zog siab:

Kev tshawb fawb mus rau hauv lub neurobiology ntawm compulsive kev sib deev tus cwj pwm tsis meej tau generated tshawb pom txog attentional biases, ua kom muaj siab salience attributions, thiab lub hlwb-raws li cue reactivity uas hais ntau yam pauv loj zoo sib xws nrog addictions.

Txhua qhov saum toj no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua kom mob siab-ua kom tus qauv quav tshuaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb CSB raws li cov thev naus laus zis sib luag nrog cov qauv no: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 , 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

5) "kev tshem tawm tus mob nrog rau kev txiav tu"

Qhov tseeb yog, tshem tawm cov tsos mob tsis tas yuav txheeb xyuas kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Ua ntej, koj yuav pom cov lus “tsis kam txais los yog tshem tawm yog tsim nyog los yog txaus rau kev kuaj mob ..."Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si DSM-IV-TR thiab DSM-5. Qhov thib ob, qhov kev rov hais txog poj niam yauv rov qab hais tias "tiag tiag" kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj ua rau mob hnyav, ua rau lub neej txoj sia yuav raug mob tsis zoo kev quav tshuaj ntsuab nrog kev quav kev hloov ntawm lub hlwb. Ib qho excerpt ntawm no 2015 rov tshawb dua ntawm cov ntawv sau qhia kev piav qhia (Neuroscience ntawm Internet Pornography Addict: Xyuas thiab Hloov Tshiab):

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm theem no yog qhov tshem tawm tsis yog hais txog kev muaj mob ntawm lub cev. Tiam sis, qhov qauv no tshem tawm ntawm kev tsis zoo los ntawm qhov ua tau los saum toj no. Kev ua pauj xws li kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev siab tsis zoo, thiab txob taus yog cov yeeb yam ntawm kev tshem tawm hauv hom qauv ntawm kev quav tshuaj [43,45]. Cov kws tshawb fawb tawm tsam lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis quav ntsej los sis tsis to taub qhov kev sib txawv tseem ceeb no, ruam ruam nrog tshem tawm [46,47].

Hauv kev thov hais tias tshem tawm cov tsos mob yuav tsum muaj rau kev kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv Prause li al. ua rau lub rookie yuam kev ntawm ruam kev quav dej quav cawv nrog yees. Cov ntsiab lus no tsis yog synonymous (Pfaus ua qhov kev ua yuam kev no hauv 2016 tsab xov xwm uas YBOP ua rau: YBOP cov lus teb rau Jim Pfaus qhov "Tso siab rau tus paub txog: kev sib daj sib deev yog qhov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg"Lub Ib Hlis, 2016)

Hais tias, kev tshawb fawb hauv internet thiab lawv tus kheej heev tshaj tawm qhia tau tias ib txhia porn siv cov neeg siv ntsoos ntsoos thiab / los yog kam rau ua - uas yog feem ntau tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cev kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Qhov tseeb tiag, cov neeg siv cov pliav laus tsis tu ncua yeej ceeb toom txog kev tsim txom tshem cov tsos mob, uas yog ib qho tshuaj ntawm kev siv tshuaj tawm: insomnia, ntxhov siab vim, kev ntxhov siab, kev vam meej vwm, mob taub hau, tsis muaj ntsiag to, pluag concentration, qaug zog, kev nyuab siab, thiab kev puas tsuaj, thiab kev poob siab ntawm libido uas hais mav lub 'flatline' (thaj tshwj xeeb rau porn tshem tawm). Lwm daim ntawv qhia txog lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm qhia los ntawm cov neeg siv porn yog tsis muaj peev xwm tau txais ib qho erection los yog muaj ib qho orgasm tsis tas siv porn.

Raws li rau kev kawm, tsuas yog plaub muaj ncaj qha nug cov neeg siv porn / cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj txog cov tsos mob tshem tawm. Txhua 4 qhia tshaj tawm cov tsos mob tshem tawm: 1, 2, 3. 4Cov. Peb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau piav qhia hauv qab no.

Ua ntej cia peb rov qab kawm txog qhov kev tshawb fawb tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv tshooj tiv thaiv lossis hais ntxiv khiav saud, lub hom phiaj yog tsim kho thiab ntsuas problematic porn siv lus nug. Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si "siab" thiab "tshem tawm" tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv muaj feem raug mob thiab cov neeg siv qis-qes.

Qhov ob, daim ntawv 2018 qhia txog Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Siv Txoj Cai ntawm Bergen-Yale Kev Sib Ceg Txhuam Txog Kev Sib Deev Nrog Tus Qauv Loj Hauv TebchawsCov. Nws kuj ntsuas kev rho tawm thiab kam rau ua. Feem ntau "sib deev quav" Cheebtsam pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv yog salience / yees thiab kam rau ua, tab sis lwm lub Cheebtsam, nrog rau rho, kuj tsom.

Ntsuas saum toj no - Prevalence, Cov Qauv thiab Cov Cwj Pwm Ntawm Yus Tus Kheej ntawm Kev Siv Luam Yeeb Cov Neeg Siv Luam Yeeb hauv Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Zej Zog: Soj Ntsuam Ntawm Ntu (2019). Txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txhua yam Kev thov tsis hais lub sijhawm tsis muaj: kam rau ua / cwj pwm, kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv, xav tau ntau yam ntxiv rau kev nyiam sib deev, tshem tawm cov tsos mob thaum tawm, porn teeb meem kev sib deev, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Ob peb kev zam uas cuam tshuam txog kam rau ua / habituation / escalation:

Txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia txog kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob thaum tso tseg, txawm tias tsis yog cov neeg quav (ib qho cim ntawm kev quav ntsig txog lub hlwb hloov pauv):

Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej tam sim no cov neeg siv kev saib duab liab qab (n = 4260), 51.0% lees paub los ua ib qho kev sim tsawg kawg los ntawm kev siv nws yam tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob hauv ntau zaus ntawm cov kev sim ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. 72.2% ntawm cov neeg uas sim tawm kev saib duab liab qab tau qhia txog qhov kev paub ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib tus cuam tshuam e? kev mob siab (53.5%) (Cov Lus 26.4).

Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv uas qhia txog pov thawj ntawm kev thim lossis kev zam yog sau ntawm no.

6) "txhim kho muaj peev xwm yav tom ntej"

Vim li cas Prause's Lancet  tsab ntawv sau hais tias "ua kom zoo tshaj yav tom ntej" yog vim nws thiab nws pab neeg tau pom qis lig muaj peev xwm zoo nyob rau hauv nws 2015 txoj kev tshawb - Prause li al., 2015.

EEG ntsuas kev ntsuas hluav taws xob, lossis yoj hlwb, ntawm tawv taub hau. "Ua kom zoo lig muaj peev xwm" yog EEG cov kev ntsuas ntsuas tom qab ib qho duab pom los ntawm cov ntawv. Qhov no yog tab sis ib qho ntawm ntau qhov nrawm hauv hluav taws xob ua kev soj ntsuam los ntawm EEG, thiab ntau heev rau kev txhais.

Qhov pom zoo yog qhov tsawg dua EEG nyeem hauv Prause cov neeg siv porn ntau zaus txhais tau hais tias lawv tau them nyiaj tsawg rau cov duab ntawm vanilla porn ntau dua li cov kawm uas siv porn tsawg. Yav tas los tsuas dhuav dhau. Tsis paub, Prause khav khav tau thov "Cov qauv no txawv ntawm cov qauv yeeb tshuaj. "

Tab sis Prause txoj kev tshawb nrhiav qis hlwb ua rau cov neeg siv porn feem ntau ua tau zoo dua nrog tus yees qauv: nws qhia tias desensitization (xeeb ceem) thiab kam rau ua, uas yog qhov xav tau ntau dua kev txhawb nqa kom ua tiav arousal. Cuaj daim ntawv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo tias muaj tseeb Prause li al., 2015 tau pom cov kev tsim tawm / kev tsis txaus siab (ib qho kev qhia txog kev quav tshuaj):

  1. Neuroscience ntawm Internet Pornography Addict: Xyuas thiab Hloov Tshiab (2015)
  2. LPP tsis zoo rau kev sib deev cov dluab hauv cov neeg siv teeb meem pornography yuav ua tau raws li cov qauv yees. Txhua yam nyob ntawm tus qauv (tawm tswv yim rau Prause li al., 2015)
  3. Neurobiology Kev Txhim Kho Kev Sib deev Hauv Zej Zog: Tshaj Tawm Txog Xeeb (2016)
  4. Qhov kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev yuav tsum yog qhov kev tiv thaiv? (2016)
  5. Puas yog cov duab liab qab hauv Internet Ua kom muaj kev sib deev? Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Nrog Kev Tshaj Qhia Cov Kuaj Mob (2016)
  6. Kev Paub Txog thiab Paub Txog Cov Kev Ntsuam Txog Tsis Ncaj Ncees: Lawv Puas Siv Yooj Yim Nrog Zam Pornography? (2017)
  7. Neurocognitive mechanisms hauv compulsive kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo (2018)
  8. Online Porn yees: Dab tsi peb paub thiab peb tsis txhob 't A Systematic Review (2019)
  9. Lub Koom Haum thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Cybersex Kev Khwv: Ib qho kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kheej, Qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab Neural Mechanism (2019)

Txawm hais tias Prause tau muaj tseeb tias nws cov ntsiab lus tau muaj tsawg "Cue-reactivity," es tsis yog qhov zoo, nws ntxim ntxub qhov qhov txawv ntawm qhov nws hais tias "khib nyiab": 26 lwm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyuab siab tau qhia txog cue-reactivity lossis cravings (incentive sensitization) hauv cov neeg siv porn compulsive: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 , 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Kev pom zoo hauv lub zeem muag tsis yog cia rau lwm tus neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais txog ib leeg txoj kev tshawb no tab kaum los ntawm txoj kev ua txhaum loj; Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub tswv yim tsuas yog tso rau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pov thawj (tshwj tsis yog koj yog cov txheej txheem-tsav).

Teb rau Prause li al., 2017 "glutamate kis" liab herring

PRAUSE ET AL: Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb yam tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ua kom muaj zog ntawm glutamate neurons uas ua rau lub cev ntog ntawm cov keeb kwm. Cov kev hloov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau long-term sensitization ntawm lub mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, raws li manifested los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob xws li cue hob yees thiab compulsive siv yeeb tshuaj. 3 Rau hnub tim, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev sib daj sib deev ntawm glutamate kev ua haujlwm thiab nws cov tes dej num ntawm txoj kev dopamine tsawg heev.

Yog vim licas thiaj li tau sau rau hauv tsab ntawv no? Xyoo ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj muaj molded cov kev xav ntawm kev quav tshuaj: qhov muaj kev txhawb siab rau tus kheejCov. Lub hauv paus hloov hauv lub hlwb tom qab txoj kev xav yog tau piav qhia saum toj no - kev nkag siab ntev ntawm mesocorticolimbic dopamine ntawm glutamate neurons. Ntawd yog qhov ncauj heev, tab sis YBOP tau sau ib tsab xov xwm yooj yim hais txog nws hauv 2011 (nrog rau ob peb daim duab): Vim li cas kuv thiaj pom Porn Tsam Tshaj Tawm Ntau Tshaj Lawm? (2011).

Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, kev xav, kev xav thiab kev nco los ntawm thoob plaws lub hlwb xa mus rau lub hlwb cov nqi zog ntawm glutamate-tso txoj hauv kev. Nrog rau kev quav, cov kab kev glutamate los ua super-haib, lossis rhiab heev. Cov no txoj kev nkag siab yuav xav txog li Pavlovian txias ntawm turbos. Thaum tshuab txais los ntawm xav lossis ua rau, txoj kev nkag siab ntawm txoj kev mob siab ua rau lub nqi zog ntawm nqi zog, ua kom muaj kev nyuab siab-mus-las tsis lees.

Tab sis ntawm no yog cov deal. Tam sim no muaj 24 txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog neuroscience qhia txog lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab kev xav ntxias cov teeb meem ua kom pom tseeb hauv cov ncauj lus CSB thiab cov neeg siv porn: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.

Peb tsis tas yuav “kev kawm glutamate”, uas nyuam qhuav ua rau tib neeg kev kawm, thiab nws kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev txhais.

Teb rau Prause li al., 2017 “supraphysiological stimulation” liab herring

PRAUSE ET AL: Poj niam txiv neej yog thawj yam khoom plig, nrog kev sib txuas ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib daj sib deev zoo nrog kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej txaus siab. Kev sib deev tsis tso cai rau kev xav supraphysiological.

Ua ntej peb pib muaj ob yam xim liab ua rau tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog sib cav tswv yim puag ncig compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Cov liab liab #1: "Kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib daj sib deev zoo nrog kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej txaus siab".

Thaum pib nkag sexual com feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua, qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev siv porn, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, lossis kev sib deev hauv lwm yam kev sib deev (lo lus "pw ua ke" yog vague, tsis yog science, thiab tsis txhob siv li kev ntes txhua yam hauv phau ntawv xov xwm kev kawm).

Ua ntej, ntau ntawm cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv thov yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog orgasm, kev zoo siab los yog "kev sib deev" yog qhov tseeb txuam nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus tib neeg, tsis tas nrog orgasm, thiab tsis nrog masturbationCov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, thov kev sib txheeb ntawm ob peb tus kheej qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev sib daj sib deev tej zaum tsuas yog kev sib txheeb ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv uas ib txwm muaj kev sib deev ntau dua thiab kev zoo siab. Lawv tsis yog cai.

Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntawv nyeem (Tus Txij Ntsig Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntawm Cov Kev Sib Txawv Ua Poj Niam, 2010) pom tias kev sib deev nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog rau qhov zoo, thaum kev tsis zoo. Qee lub sijhawm kev tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam txog kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv - txhais tau hais tias ntau dua kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg pluag noj qab haus huv. Qhov xaus ntawm txoj kev ntsuam xyuas:

"Raws li muaj ntau yam ntawm txoj kev, kev kuaj, thiab kev ntsuas, tshawb pom kev tshawb pom tau zoo ib yam raws li kev sib deev (Penile-Chest Xaws thiab cov lus teb orgasmic rau nws) yog txuam nrog, thiab qee zaum, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi nrog rau lub hlwb zoo dua thiab lub cev ua haujlwm. "

"Lwm yam kev coj tus cwj pwm (nrog rau thaum tsis muaj kev sib deev, xws li cov hnab looj tes los yog cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw mos ntawm qhov chaw mos) tsis muaj kev sib txuas, lossis qee zaum (xws li kev mob siab thiab kev sib daj sib deev) . "

"Kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev, kev sib deev,

Thib ob, Prause tau hais tias kev muaj yees kev sib deev tsis muaj vim tias "kev sib deev" tuaj yeem muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no piv tau tias kev noj cov zaub mov tsis zoo ua rau tsis muaj teeb meem vim kev noj zaub mov txwv tsis pub noj thiab ua kom tuag. Cov ntawv sau txog kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev yoog dhau ntawm hnub no siab rog / cov khoom noj uas muaj suab thaj hais lwm yam. Raws li qhov tseeb uas 39% cov neeg laus Asmeskas yog rog thiab 75% lossis ntau tshaj yog rogCov. Ntxiv mus, ntau pua kev kawm txog tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu txhawb qhov kev lees paub tias overconsumption ntawm qua ntxi zaub mov tuaj yeem ua tau hloov lub hlwb rau hauv txoj kev zoo li cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw.

Cov liab liab #2: "Kev sib deev tsis tso cai rau kev xav supraphysiological".

Tsuas yog ib tus neeg xwb yuav paub tias Prause li alCov. yog sim kom thim rov qab lub tswv yim ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv internet ua ib qho kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg. Raws li nws cov co-sau tsis zoo siv lub sijhawm "kev txhawb siab supraphysiological," nws yog qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi Nobel tus kws tshaj lij Nikolaas Tinbergen meant thaum nws coined lub sij hawm "supernormal stimulus ' (lossis supranormal).

Ua ntej, supraphysiological theem ntawm cov neurotransmitters, xws li dopamine lossis endogenous opioids, tsis tas yuav siv rau kev siv ntev los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntsig txog lub hlwb. Piv txwv li, ob yam tshuaj feem ntau (txhais tau tias yog qhov feem ntau cov neeg siv ntau tshaj) - nicotine thiab opiates - nce nqi zog dopamine los ntawm 200%. Qhov no yog tib theem ntawm dopamine pom hauv kev sib deev (kev sib deev thiab orgasm ua tau ntau tshaj ntawm dopamine thiab opogenids zoo li muaj nyob).

Ntxiv mus, kev sib deev arousal thiab hom tshuaj muaj yees pes tsawg tus nqi khoom plig rau nqi hluav taws xob paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, muaj tsuas yog ib tug tsawg feem pua ntawm paj hlwb-ua kom lub cev-sib pauv ntawm hom tshuaj yeeb thiab lwm yam khoom plig zoo li zaub mov lossis dej. Qhov tseeb tias meth, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab heroin tig rau tib lub paj hlwb uas ua rau kev xav kev sib deev thiaj li pom pab piav qhia tias vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj yees.

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias “kev kho kom zoo dua qub” tsis tas yuav muaj kev muaj yees. Roob ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus cwj pwm kev quav (kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, pathological twv txiaj, video gaming, Siv Internet thiab porn yees) thiab cov quav yeeb quav tshuaj muaj ntau yam sib xws mechanisms tseem ceeb ua rau ib tug sau los ntawm kev hloov alterations hauv hlwb anatomy thiab chemistry.

Thaum kawg peb muaj qhov cuab kev: ob qho tib si DSM5 thiab ICD-11 pom kev coj cwj pwm. Lub DSM5 (2013) muaj kev kuaj mob rau kev twv txiaj, thaum tshiab ICD-11 (2018) muaj kev kuaj mob rau kev tiv thaiv kev twv txiaj thiab cov yees duab yees ua si, thiab muaj tus mob haum rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev lossis kev sib daj sib deev: "Teebmeem Kev Sib Haum Ua Poj Ntxuam. "

Thib ob, tus sau phau ntawv ntawm Prause li al. muaj tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi yog meant by supernormal stimulus (yuam kev hu nws tias "kev pab supraphysiological"). Kom nkag siab zoo, kuv xav qhia qhov no luv tsab xov xwm los ntawm ib tug xibfwb Harvard, los yog qhov no nrov heev piav qhia los ntawm Stuart McMillenCov. Tej zaum Prause thiab tuam txhab tuaj yeem tawg qhib phau ntawv, xws li Supernormal Stimuli: Npaum li cas Primal yaum kom lawv lub hom phiaj ntawm Evolutionary by Deirdre BarrettCov. Ib qho kev piav los ntawm phau ntawv xyoo 2010 tso tawm:

Tam sim no peb tau nkag mus rau lub glut ntawm kev ua txhaum loj-tshaj-lub neej, los ntawm khaub noom mus rau cov duab liab qab mus rau atomic tej tawg, uas yog cov khoom noj rau sab nraud tab sis pheej tsav tsis paub nrog cov kev phom sij. Hauv xyoo 1930 Dutch Dutch Nobel tus kws tshaj lij Niko Tinbergen tau pom tias cov noog uas me me, qe xiav xiav txho nrog txho nyiam kom zaum ntawm qhov loj, qhov xiav xiav plooj plooj plooj dummies nrog cov xim dub polka. Tus txiv neej cov nyiaj ntxhua khaub ncaws fritillary npauj npaim tau sib deev ntau dua los ntawm tus npauj npaim-tig tig kheej kheej nrog kab txaij kab rov tav dua li nws yog los ntawm tus poj niam tiag tiag, nyob ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov noog niam nyiam sim sim pub mis noog me me ntawm lub ntsej muag tuav ntawm tus pas ntawm Tinbergen cov tub ntxhais kawm yog tias tus nqaj dummy tau dav dua thiab liab dua li tus qaib lawm. Tus txiv neej stickleback ntses kav liam tus txiv neej tiag tiag los tua ib tug dummy yog tias nws underside tau ci dua liab dua ib txwm ntses. Tinbergen tau sau lo lus “qhov txawv txav tsis txaus ntseeg” los piav txog cov kev coj ua no, uas rov hais dua txog cov kev xav thiab thaum kawg, qhov kev xav muaj zog tshaj qhov tseeb. Tsiaj txhu ntsib cov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm sab nqaij tawv feem ntau thaum cov kws sim lawv. Peb tib neeg tuaj yeem tsim peb tus kheej: cov dej qab zib super, Fabkis kib, cov nqaij lossis tawv tsiaj, cov lus hais txog kev ua yeeb ncuab.

Ib hom kev mob supernormal tsis txhais hais tias supra-physiological teb. Tiam sis, nws yog raws li kev sib piv ntawm tus tsiaj txhu li cas los nrhiav kev pom thiab kev txhawb nqa (kab tias hluavtaws) ntawm qhov kev qhia zoo tib yam. Poj niam cov noog, piv txwv, tau ploj mus zaum saum Tinbergen qhov loj tshaj-neej, pom tseeb plaster qe thaum lawv tus kheej daj ntseg, cov qe tau txum tim tas los tsis tau.

Internet porn yog xav tias yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa lub cev vim tias nws tsis muaj kev sib deev tshiab. Nrog internet porn, nws tsis yog kev sib deev tsis txhawj xeeb novelty uas ua kom peb qhov nqi zog zog. Qhov nqi zog hluav taws kub tuaj rau lwm tus cwj pwm txawv thiab stimuli dhau, tag nrho ntawm cov uas feem ntau feature prominently nyob rau hauv viewers:

Erotic lo lus thiab cov duab tau nyob ib ncig ntawm ntev. Yog li ntawd, tus neurochemical rush los ntawm tus phooj ywg tshiab. Tsis tau novelty ntawm ib zaug-ib-hlis Playboy evaporates sai li sai tau thaum koj tig cov nplooj ntawv. Yuav muaj leej twg hu Playboy los yog cov yeeb yaj duab softcore "shocking" lossis "anxiety-producing?" puas los ua txhaum cov kev cia siab ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv computer tshaj li hnub nyoog 12? Tsis sib piv nrog rau "kev tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav" ntawm ntau ntau-tab Google porn prowl. Dab tsi ua rau hauv internet porn tshwj xeeb yog qhov uas koj tuaj yeem ceev koj tus dopamine (thiab kev sib deev arousal) nrog cov nias ntawm tus nas los yog coj mus rhaub ntawm lub vijtsam.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov tib neeg lub siab ntsws xav (kev ntxhov siab, kev txaj muag, kev poob siab, kev poob siab) tsis yog tsa dopamine, tab sis txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj hormones thiab neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol). Cov kev ntxhov siab neurochemicals nce excitement thaum amplifying dopamine lub twb muaj hwjchim loj.  Lwm cov yeeb yam uas tsim internet porn tawm ntawm lwm yam tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab kev coj cwj pwm:

  1. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov duab liab qab yog ntau dua arousing tshaj li liab qab liab.
  2. Yuav ua rau kom muaj kev sib deev arousal (thiab nce qis dopamine) ib qho yuav hloov tau lwm cov yeeb yam thaum lub sij hawm sib ntsib masturbation. Yuav tsis ua li ntawd ua ntej 2006 thiab cov sij hawm tuaj txog streaming tube qhov chaw.
  3. Tsis zoo li cov duab neeg liab qab, cov yeeb yaj duab hloov koj lub tswv yim, thiab yuav tuaj yeem hloov koj kev sib daj sib deev, tus cwj pwm, los yog trajectory (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog li ntawd rau cov tub ntxhais hluas).
  4. Porn yog cia rau hauv koj lub hlwb, uas tso cai rau koj rov qab nws thaum twg koj xav tau ib "ntaus."
  5. Tsis zoo li cov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj, rau cov uas muaj kev txwv rau kev noj haus, tsis muaj kev txwv cov kev txwv rau internet porn noj. Lub hlwb lub dag zog ntawm kev muag khoom tsis muaj qhib, tshwj tsis yog tias muaj ib qhov tshaj plaws. Txawm tias tom qab ntawd, tus neeg siv yuav tuaj yeem mus nias rau ib yam dab tsi zoo siab dua los ua ib zaug ntxiv.
  6. Cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj muaj ib tus tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nce ntxiv (ib qho cim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj) los ntawm kev siv ntau dua. Nrog internet porn ib escalate ob leeg nrog ntau tshiab "koom tes" thiab los ntawm saib cov hom tshiab thiab txawv txawv. Nws yog qhov ntau rau cov neeg siv porn txav mus rau txhua lub sijhawm porn. Ib tug neeg siv kuj tuaj yeem ua kom taug kev tawm yeeb yaj duab los yog siv VR porn.

Khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws (concentrated sugars / fats / ntsev), yees duab ua si, thiab porn internet yog lees paub tias yog kev hnov ​​mob supernormal. Ntawm no yog ob peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv tshawb nrhiav hauv internet (porn, video games, Facebook) raws li kev hnov ​​mob supernormal:

1) Neuroscience ntawm Internet Pornography Addict: Xyuas thiab Hloov Tshiab (2015) - Khoom Plig:

Qee cov kev ua si hauv internet, vim lawv lub hwj chim los ua kom tsis txhob ua lub siab xav (thiab kev ua kom zoo zog ntawm cov nqi zog), xav tias yuav tsum muaj lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub cev [24], uas yuav pab piav qhia txog vim li cas cov neeg siv hlwb uas paub txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj muaj peev xwm ntes tau nyob hauv lawv txoj kev nrhiav haujlwm. Nobel nqi zog winning kws tshawb fawb Nikolaas Tinbergen [25] posited lub tswv yim ntawm "supernormal stimuli," tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua kom muaj zog yog tsim tawm uas yuav ua raws li kev hloov cov lus teb. Yuav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim no, Tinbergen tsim cov noog cov noog uas loj thiab ntau dua li cov noog ntawm cov noog. Kuj ceeb tias, niam cov noog tau xaiv los zaum ntawm cov qe ua kom muaj zog thiab tso lawv tus kheej looj qe. Ib yam li ntawd, Tinbergen tau tsim cov duab liab butterflies uas muaj ntau dua thiab muaj yeeb yuj tis, thiab txiv neej butterflies pheej sim ua niam ua txiv nrog cov khoom neeg tsim butterflies lieu ntawm cov poj niam butterflies. Evolutionary Psychologist Dierdre Barrett tau siv cov ntsiab lus no hauv nws phau ntawv tsis ntev los no Supernormal Stimuli: Cov Kev Ua Phem Yuam Ntau Ntawm Lawv Lub Hom Phiaj Rau Txoj Cai [26]. "Tsiaj txhu muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob supernormal thaum cov neeg sim ua lawv. Peb tib neeg muaj peev xwm tsim peb tus kheej. "[4] (4). Barrett tus qauv piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qab zib rau cov duab liab qab thiab cov khoom qab ntsev heev los yog ua tsis zoo rau qua ntxi khoom noj khoom haus rau kev sib tw ua si sib tw ua si. Hauv ntej, kev siv internet hauv internet tsis tas li yog txoj kev kub siab heev. Nws recruits peb qhov nqi zog ntawm ntuj, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam nws ntawm ntau theem dua qib ntawm kev ua kom peb cov ancestors feem ntau yuav ntsib raws li peb lub hlwb hloov zuj zus, ua nws tsim nyog hloov mus rau hauv hom hom [27].

2) Ntsuas Kev Xam Xaj rau Supernormal Over Natural Prizes: A Two-Dimensional Anticipatory Library Nplai (2015) - Khoom Plig:

Supernormal (SN) stimuli yog cov khoom neeg tsim khoom uas qhib cov nqi zog thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntau dua li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim rau lub cev uas tau tsim. Muaj ntau cov khoom siv niaj hnub no (piv txwv li, khoom noj txom ncauj, cawv, thiab duab liab qab) tuaj yeem tsim cov ntu SN, ua rau ntau tshaj kev noj haus, ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim zoo dua. Tsis muaj kev ntsuas tam sim no rau tus kheej-kev ntsuam xyuas tus kheej kev sib txawv los yog cov kev hloov hauv susceptibility rau tej stimuli. Vim li no, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev npaj siab tau muab kho kom muaj xws li cov khoom uas sawv cev ntawm SN thiab natural (N) cov hoob kawm ntawm kev txhawb zog siab. Tshawb nrhiav qhov ntsuam xyuas tau muab ob txoj hauv kev, thiab raws li tau hais tseg, N thiab SN cov khoom ntim tawm ntawm nyias qhov txawv. Internal kev cia siab rau ob feem siab tau siab, ρ =. 93 thiab ρ =. 90, feem. Ob-seem ntsuas tau soj ntsuam ntawm kev siv tus N thiab SN scale txhais tau hais tias yog cov kwv yees thiab kev qhia tus kheej txog kev siv 21 cov khoom nrog SN nta raws li qhov tshwm sim. Raws li kev xav tau, SN cov kev muaj feem cuam tshuam txog SN khoom noj khoom haus ntau dua, Thaum Nias cov khoom tau zoo yog cov koom haum tsis zoo los yog nruab nrab ntawm kev noj cov khoom siv no. Peb xaus li hais tias qhov kev ntsuas ob sab no yog ib qho kev ntsuas tau zoo thiab siv tau rau nws tus kheej hais txog qhov txawv qis rau SN stimuli. Thaum xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv (piv txwv li, siv cov kev sim ntsuas), qhov kev npaj siab yuav ua tau zoo rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm qhov kev hloov ntawm kev coj ua thiab kev hloov hauv tib neeg hauv tib neeg ua rau tus mob SN.

Cov zaub mov ua haujlwm, cov khoom tsis nyhav, qee muag khoom muag, thiab ntau hom kev tshaj xov xwm thiab cov khoom ua si muaj kev sib tw, muaj ntau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv (Roberts, van Vught, & Dunbar, 2012). Evolutionary psychology muab qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev noj ntau dhau. Cov tsiaj txhu, suav nrog tib neeg, nyiam mus kom ze (piv txwv li, sib sau ua ke, tau txais, thiab haus cawv) uas muaj qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev ua haujlwm, yam ua kom zoo dua lawv cov dej taws (Chakravarthy & Lub Rooj Muag Khoom, 2004; Kacelnik & Bateson, 1996). Neurological nqi zog mechanisms evolved los txhawb tus cwj pwm coj los ntawm kev txhawb zog stimuli uas xa cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhawb nqa qoj, xws li muab kev pab cuam los yog cov cij plab. Tinbergen (1948) coined lub sij hawm "Supernormal Stimulus" thaum nrhiav pom hais tias cov tsiaj yuav pom cov lus teb kom siab ntxiv rau exaggerated versions ntawm ntuj stimuli. Qhov "kev xaiv asymmetry" (Staddon, 1975; Ward, 2013) tsis yog kev txuam rau hauv tej qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov uas exaggerated versions ntawm qhov stimulus yog tsawg-tab sis nthuav tawm teeb meem thaum kev dag zog thiab exaggerated alternatives nyob ua ib ke. Piv txwv, qhov tshiab tshaj plaws rau tus neeg hlais ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem peck nyob rau hauv cov ntaub qhwv qia liab cov xim liab dawb nrog nws cov hlua dawb, es tsis yog nws tus niam liab dawb muag liab qaub (Tinbergen & Perdeck, 1951). Nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv los ntawm kev xaiv, qhov tshwm sim yog kev coj cwj pwm zoo ntawm "kom tau txhua yam koj ua tau": ib qho tswv yim tsim kho nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw nruab nrab uas muaj kev pab cuam tsawg los yog tsis txaus ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub, ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm khoom neeg tsim khoom siv uas tau raug tsim los yog ua kom zoo zoo los ua supernormal. Ntawd yog, lawv ua kom muaj kev sib hloov ntawm lub neej hloov mus rau ib qho tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog (Barrett, 2010). Piv txwv, cov tshuaj tsis haum (Nesse & Berridge, 1997), cov khoom lag luam khoom noj khoom haus ceev (Barrett, 2007), cov khoom twv txiaj (Rockloff, 2014), TV yeeb yaj duab (Barrett, 2010; Derrick, Gabriel, & Hugenberg, 2009), digital social networking thiab Internet (Rocci, 2013; Ward, 2013), thiab ntau yam khoom muag, xws li cov tsheb kim (Erk, Spitzer, Wunderlich, Galley, & Walter, 2002), nkawm khau siab (heeled shoes)Morris, Dawb, Morrison, & Fisher, 2013), tshuaj pleev ib ce (Etcoff, Tshuag, Haley, Vickery, & Tsev, 2011), thiab me nyuam cov khoom ua si (Morris, Reddy, & Bunting, 1995) tau tag nrho cov tau sib tham txog cov hom kev niaj hnub hnub nyoog supernormal. Rau qee yam ntawm cov stimuli no, cov pov thawj ntawm cov neurological tau pom tias lawv yuav qhib tau cov dopamine txoj kev zoo, hijacking qhov nqi zog teb tsim rau ntuj ntshaw, li no txhawb kev noj ntau thiab qee zaum, kev quav (Barrett, 2010; Blumenthal & Kub, 2010; Wang et al., 2001).

Ua kom sib txawv, kev tsim hom kab mob supernormal yuav ua tsis zoo. Cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom noj txom ncauj, cov tshuaj lom cawv thiab lwm yam tshuaj, cov khoom ua si cuam tshuam hauv kev saib TV, siv digital media thiab gaming khoom, thiab cov khoom siv muag khoom lossis kev twv txiaj, txhua yam hauj lwm muab ib puag ncig uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev coj tus cwj pwm, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj (Barrett, 2007, 2010; Birch, 1999; Hantula, 2003; Ward, 2013). Qhov no ua rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov tib neeg niaj hnub no kom muaj kev txhawb zog siab ntawm kev tsim txiaj. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tam sim no, peb siv lub sij hawm supernormal stimuli xa mus rau cov tib neeg niaj hnub cov khoom thiab cov kev paub uas yog characterized asymmetric selectivity (uncontrolled mus kom ze ntau khaus variants) thiab ua artificially tshaj hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Cov khoom no feem ntau ua tiav, ua kom zoo zoo, los yog tsim khoom siv nrog rau cov khoom noj txom ncauj lossis tshuaj. Piv txwv tsis yeem muaj xws li cov lus tau txais los ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm tsawg tshaj li kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag, txoj kev sib txuas lus no yog muab kev pom zoo, kev ceev, thiab kev xaib kom zoo. Ib yam li ntawd, niaj hnub niaj hnub hnav khaub ncaws thiab lwm cov khw muag khoom muaj cov khoom zoo xws li kev txhawb zog los sis xav tau, nrog rau tus neeg saib xyuas kev sib deev lossis kev sib raug zoo. Kev siv lossis kev yuav los ntawm cov khoom no yog theorized los muab qhov nqi zog tam sim ntawd vim yog txhais tau tias kev ua kom muaj zog.

Nws tau raug hais kom pom zoo rau qhov txiaj ntsim supernormal yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txawv hauv dopamine ua haujlwm. Dopamine deficiency tau pom tias muaj feem xyuam nrog ntau hom kev noj qab haus huv ntau xws li haus dej cawv, noj plab hlaub, teeb meem kev twv txiaj, thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (Bergh, Eklund, Södersten, & Nordin, 1997; Blum, Cull, Braverman, & Comings, 1996; Johnson & Kenny, 2010; Kim et al., 2011). Lub tswv yim ntawm supernormal susceptibility yog ib qho kev txhais raws caij nyoog ntawm tus kheej variability nyob rau hauv dopamine ua haujlwm. Dopaminergic txoj kev, hloov mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev noj haus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis zoo, feem ntau yuav yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev xav tsis zoo, cov zaub mov muaj zog, thiab lwm yam khoom siv niaj hnub siv khoom ua khoom plig zoo tshaj (Barrett, 2010; Nesse & Berridge, 1997; Wang et al., 2001). Yog tias qhov no yog qhov teeb meem no, ces qhov ob sab NPS / SNPS piav qhia ntawm no yuav tsum tau cais cov tib neeg nrog dopamine kawg. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav siv cov ntsiab lus neurophysiological los ua ke nrog kev ntsuas tus kheej, kom paub tseeb tias cov lus sib sau ua ke ntawm cov theem ob ntawm kev piav qhia.

Cov kev paub ntawm Supernormal yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis txaus ntseeg kom noj ntau dua vim lawv cov yeeb yam ua haujlwm (xws li, khoom noj txom ncauj thiab tshem tawm cov khoom noj) thiab txhawb kev coj tus cwj pwm coj mus ntev (piv txwv, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev ua si). Yog li ntawd, lub peev xwm los txheeb xyuas cov neeg uas xav tau cov nqi zog no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov kev tshawb fawb, kev kho, thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.

3) Kev tiv thaiv kev siv duab liab qab - yog ib qho kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua siab phem (2013) - Khoom Plig:

Kev quav tshuaj yog ib lub caij nyoog sib txawv thaum siv rau ntau yam kev sib deev hauv kev sib deev (CSBs), suav nrog kev siv duab liab qab. Txawm tias muaj kev ntseeg loj hlob los ntawm kev muaj lub neej los yog kev ua raws li kev nkag siab ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm mesolimbic dopaminergic nqi zog, muaj ib qho reticence rau labeled CSBs raws li muaj yees. Thaum uas pathological twv txiaj (PG) thiab rog tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua rau cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev coj cwj pwm, cov pov thawj nce siab txhawb kev qhia txog CSBs raws li kev tiv thaiv. Cov pov thawj no muaj ntau yam thiab yog nce raws li kev nkag siab ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub neuronal reseptor nyob hauv kev quav tshuaj yeeb ntsig txog kev quav tshuaj, txhawb nqa los ntawm keeb kwm kev coj tus cwj pwm. Qhov kev hloov ntawm kev ua yees yau no yuav ntxiv tau los ntawm qhov kev ua tshiab ceev thiab qhov kev tsim kom muaj kev tsim txiaj (lo lus los ntawm Nikolaas Tinbergen) uas yog muab los ntawm Internet pornography ....

Nws yog ib qho ua kom pom tias kev tiv thaiv khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsis pub muaj kev tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm, txawm tias cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias dopaminergic receptor downregulation hauv kev rog (Wang et al., 2001), nrog reversibility pom nrog dieting thiab normalization ntawm lub cev huab hwm coj Performance index (BMI) (Steele li al., 2010). Lub tswvyim ntawm kev ua kom muaj 'supranormal stimulus', hu ua Nikolaas Tinbergen lub sijhawm (Tinbergen, 1951), tau tsis ntev los no tau piav qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom qab zib siab tshaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig cocaine, uas kuj txhawb nqa qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus (Lenoir, Serre, Laurine, & Ahmed, 2007). Tinbergen muas thaum pom tias cov noog, butterflies, thiab lwm cov tsiaj yuav raug duped rau hauv preferring cov khoom hloov tshiab tsim los kom tshwm sim ntau dua li tus tsiaj lub qe thiab mates. Muaj, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg kev sib daj sib deev, piv rau kev twv txiaj thiab khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm sib cav hais tias txhua yam ntawm cov cwj pwm no muaj feem xyuam nrog supranormal stimuli. Deirdre Barrett (2010) tau saib cov duab liab qab ua ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev mob nkeeg ....

Kev saib duab liab qab yog ib txoj kev sim siab zoo rau hom kev kawm tshiab no nrog rau kev txaus siab txaus siab. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thiab nias, nrhiav kev zoo meej masturbatory, yog ib qho kev ua hauv kev kawm txog neuroplastic. Xwb, nws yog qhov qhia ntawm Tinbergen lub tswvyim ntawm qhov 'supranormal stimulus' (Tinbergen, 1951), nrog cov khoom phais plawv zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau cov tib neeg ua hauj lwm tib yam li Tinbergen thiab Magnus cov txuj ci zoo nkauj tshaj plaws poj niam npauj npaim; cov txiv neej ntawm txhua tus tsiaj xav qhov khoom neeg tsim los mus rau qhov hloov zuj zus (Magnus, 1958; Tinbergen, 1951)). Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim zoo, qhov ua kom zoo dua tshiab muab, hais tawm qhov tseeb, pheromone-zoo li cov nyhuv hauv tib neeg cov txiv neej, zoo li npauj, uas yog 'inhibiting orientation' thiab 'cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus ua ntej ntawm kev sib deev los ntawm permeating cov huab cua' (Gaston, Shorey, & Saario, 1967) ... ..

Txawm tias pej xeem lub tswv yim zoo li yuav sim piav qhia txog qhov kev tshwm sim biologic, xws li hauv tsab ntawv no los ntawm Naomi Hma; 'Thawj thawj zaug hauv tib neeg zaj keeb kwm, cov duab' hwjchim 'thiab hwjchim yeej muaj cov poj niam tiag tiag. Niaj hnub no tus poj niam liab qab tsuas yog phem porn '(Hma, 2003). Ib yam li Tinbergen thiab Magnus tus 'npauj npaim porn' ntse sib tw rau txiv neej saib ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov poj niam tiag tiag (Magnus, 1958; Tinbergen, 1951), peb pom tib txoj kev uas tshwm sim hauv tib neeg.

4) Puas yog cov duab liab qab hauv Internet Ua kom muaj kev sib deev? Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Nrog Kev Tshaj Qhia Cov Kuaj Mob (2016) - Khoom Plig:

3.2. Internet Pornography li Supernormal Stimulus

Lus hauv no teb Arguably, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus cwj pwm muaj teeb meem kev sib deev yog txoj hauv kev hauv Internet uas yog los cuam tshuam thiab pab txhawb tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev [73]. Unlimited high-txhais cov yeeb yaj duab yeeb yaj kiab ntawm "raj chaw" tam sim no pub dawb thiab dav siv tau, 24 ha hnub ntawm computers, ntsiav tshuaj thiab smartphones, thiab nws tau raug pom tias Internet pornography yog ib qho supernormal stimulus, exaggerated imitation ntawm ib yam dab tsi peb lub hlwb mus caum vim nws txoj kev ua siab zoo [74,75]. Kev sib deev tsi ntsees khoom tau nyob ntev, tab sis (1) saib duab liab qab yog ntau dua kev plees kev yaus dua lwm hom duab liab qab [76,77] los sis txoj kev xav [78]; (2) tshiab yeeb yaj duab visuals tau pom tias yuav ua rau muaj ntau dua arousal, sai ejaculation, thiab ntau dua phev thiab erection ua piv rau cov khoom uas paub, tej zaum vim xim tshiab tej phooj ywg tshiab thiab kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv [75,79,80,81,82,83,84]; thiab (3) qhov kev muaj peev xwm rau tus kheej xaiv khoom siv yooj yim ua pornography hauv Internet ntau dua li sau ua ntej xaiv [79]. Tus neeg siv duab liab qab yuav ua kom muaj zog lossis nce siab txog kev sib deev los ntawm tus yeeb yam tshiab, yees duab tshiab lossis tsis tau pom dua ib hom ntawv nyeem. Kev tshawb nrhiav 2015 kev tshawb fawb hauv Internet los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txo qis qis dua (xaiv qhov kev txais txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov qub nqi) hais tias, "Lub tshiab thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev sib deev los ua cov txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws hauv internet ua pornography. ... Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua kom saib xyuas kev saib duab liab qab ua ib qho kev txhawb zog, kev ua tsis ncaj, thiab kev kawm txog kev quav kev quav yeeb tshuaj [75] (1, 10).

Novelty sau cov npe, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsim zoo, thiab muaj qhov tshwm sim rau kev txhawb zog, kev kawm thiab kev nco [85]. Zoo li kev sib deev kev sib deev thiab kev qhuas ntawm kev sib deev kev sib deev, kev txhawb tshiab yog qhia vim nws ua rau tawg ntawm dopamine hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub hlwb xav nrog nqi zog thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm tus cwj pwm [66]. Thaum cov neeg siv cov duab liab qab hauv internet pom muaj zog dua tshiab rau cov yeeb yaj duab tshiab dua cov kev noj qab haus huv, lawv cov dACC (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex)86], txhim khu qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv cov dluab ntawm kev sis dlej. Raws li tus sau phau ntawv Voon tau piav txog nws pawg 2015 txoj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev tawm tsam thiab kev nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv cov pornography hauv Internet, "Qhov tsis muaj kev pabcuam tshiab ntawm kev sib deev duab muaj nyob hauv online [muaj peev xwm pub tau] kev tiv thaiv, ua rau nws nyuaj thiab tsis yooj yim dua"87]. Mesolimbic dopamine kev ua ub no kuj ua tau zoo dua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov duab liab qab hauv Internet, xws li kev ua txhaum, kev cia siab ntawm nqi zog, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav / caij nthwv dej (raws li kev saib duab hauv Internet) [88,89,90,91,92,93]. Kev ntxhov siab, uas tau pom tias yuav ua rau kom muaj kev sib deev arousal [89,94], kuj tuaj yeem siv nrog cov duab liab qab hauv Internet. Hauv ntej, cov duab liab qab hauv Internet muaj tag nrho cov kev zoo no, uas yog npe, ua rau cov neeg tawg rog tawg, thiab txhim kho kev sib deev arousal.

Prause li al., 2017 tsis nkag siab txog cov qauv kev quav

PRAUSE ET AL: Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis txaus los sib txawv ntawm kev ua qauv thiab kev lam ua qauv.

Lwm red herring. Tsis zoo li cov sau phau ntawv ntawm Potenza li al., tus sau phau ntawv ntawm Prause li al., tsis yog cov kws txawj quav - thiab nws qhia. Cov kev kawm tshawb fawb ib zaug dhau qhia hais tias kev quav cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si impulsivity thiab compulsivity. (Kev tshawb nrhiav Google Scholar yees + impulsivity + compulsivity rov 22,000 quotes.) Ntawm no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm impulsivity thiab compulsivity:

  • Impulsivity: Ua kom sai thiab tsis muaj kev xav los sis npaj rau kev teb rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud. Ib qho tseemceeb uas yuav tau txais kev pabcuam me me rau yav tom ntej kom dhau qhov kev tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab tsis muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub ib tus cwj pwm zoo rau kev tau txais txiaj ntsig thaum nws tau tsa suab.
  • Compulsivity: Hais txog kev coj tus cwj pwm qub uas ua tau raws li qee txoj cai los yog hauv kev xav zam. Cov kev coj cwj pwm no nruj heev txawm tias nyob hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov tsis zoo.

Predictably, kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev quav tshuaj feem ntau hais txog kev tiv thaiv raws li kev tsim tawm lam ua nrhiav kev coj cwj pwm zoo kev coj cwj pwm coj ua zoo kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xis nyob (xws li qhov mob ntawm kev tshem tawm). Yog li, Kev tiv thaiv muaj ob qho tib si, nrog rau lwm yam. Li ntawd, cov kev sib txawv ntawm "qauv" ntawm kev lam ua thiab sib txeeb ua raws li lawv hais txog CSBD yog me ntsis khoom dag.

Kev siv ntawm "compulsive" hauv tus mob tshiab ICD-11 qhia tsis yog txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev: "txuas ntxiv hais tias kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev dua qhov kev tsim txom."Siv" compulsive, "raws li siv hauv ICD-11, yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tau siv rau ntau lub xyoo, thiab feem ntau ua hauj lwm pauv nrog" kev quav tshuaj. "(Piv txwv li Google tshawb nrhiav txog compulsion + yees rov 130,000 quotes.)

Yog li, txawm koj los yog koj tus neeg muab kev kho mob xav ua kom nws hu ua "hypersexuality," "porn addiction," "kev sib daj sib deev," "tsis muaj kev sib deev," "cybersex addiction" - yog hais tias tus cwj pwm coj mus nyob hauv " kev piav qhia, tus mob tau raug kuaj tau siv cov ICD-11 CSBD kuaj.