General Erectile Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Hluas, Heterosexual Cov Txiv Neej Uas Ua thiab Tsis Ceeb Toom Qhia txog Kev Nyuaj Siab Erection Erection (CAEP) (2015)

COV LUS QHIA: Saib qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txoj kev tshawb no

Stephanie A. Sanders PhD^1,2,3, Brandon J. Hill PhD^1,4, Erick Janssen PhD^1,5, Cynthia A. Graham PhD^{1,2,6, *}, Richard A. Crosby PhD^1,2,7, Robin R. Milhausen PhD^1,2,8 thiab William L. Yarber HSD^1,2,3,9

Tsab xov xwm luam tawm thawj online: 17 AUG 2015

DOI: 10.1111 / jsm.12964

Kev tshawb fawb qhia nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no tau txhawb los ntawm Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Lub koom haum Child Health thiab Human Development (NICHD) ntawm National Institutes of Health nyob rau hauv Award Number R21 HD 060447, E. Janssen thiab SA Sanders (PIs). Cov ntsiab lus yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov sau phau ntawv thiab tsis tas sawv cev rau cov kev pom ntawm National Institutes of Health.

Abstract

Introduction

Cov kab mob hauv lub plab (CAEP) yog qhov teeb meem uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev sib deev lossis cov txiv neej tsis siv tshuaj. Cov tswv yim hauv qab ntawm CAEP tsis to taub, thiab seb cov txiv neej uas qhia txog cov teeb meem no kuj yuav muaj teeb meem erectile thaum lub sijhawm tsis siv cov khoom siv tsis tau kawm.

Aim

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los soj ntsuam, hauv kev hnoos qau siv rau cov txiv neej, poj niam txiv neej (cov laus 18-24 xyoo), seb cov txiv neej uas qhia CAEP ntau dua (i) muaj teeb meem erection thaum tsis siv cov hnab looj (thiab ii ) raws li cov txheej txheem rau erectile kawg.

txoj kev

Tag nrho cov txiv neej 479 tau ua hauj lwm hauv Internet tiav hauv International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) thiab teb cov lus nug txog teeb meem ntawm erection thaum siv thiab tsis siv hnab looj muag thaum 90 hnub dhau los. Teeb meem, kev sib deev, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev noj qab haus huv raug tshawb xyuas raws li correlates.

Cov Kev Ntsuas Feem Tshaj Tawm

Qhia txog tus kheej heev ntawm kev poob siab thaum lub hnab ntaub ntawv lossis thaum lub sijhawm penile-chaw mos (PVI) hauv 90 hnub thiab cov xeem IIEF-5.

tau

Ntawm cov txiv neej, 38.4% tau muab tso rau hauv tsis muaj pawg CAEP, 13.8% raws li muaj CAEP hauv daim ntawv thov hloo, 15.7% raws li muaj CAEP thaum PVI, thiab 32.2% raws li muaj CAEP thaum ob daim ntawv thov kev tso npe thiab PVI. Cov txiv neej qhia txog txhua daim ntawv ntawm CAEP tau zoo dua li cov txiv neej qhia txog CAEP los qhia txog cov teeb meem erection thaum muaj kev sib deev thaum tsis siv cov hnab yas looj. Cov txiv neej uas tau qhia CAEP thaum PVI tsuas yog lossis thaum lub sij hawm ob daim ntawv thov thiab PVI tau muab qis qis dua ntawm IIEF-5 dua li cov txiv neej tsis muaj CAEP.

xaus

Cov kev tshawb pom tau hais tias cov txiv neej uas tshaj qhia CAEP tseem muaj feem ntau yuav muaj kev txhim kho cov teeb meem loj dua. Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum txheeb xyuas seb cov txiv neej siv cov hnab looj kab mob puas siv tau CAEP thiab qhov tsim nyog, xa mus rau kev kho psychoticxual los yog kev kawm kev txawj ntse.

Introduction

Tus kwv yees pom ntawm erectile kawg (ED) txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nyob ntawm ib feem ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej xwm siv [1-3]. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov teeb meem ntawm erectile yog hnub nyoog. Txawm hais tias tus prevalence ntawm ED tseem ceeb dua cov txiv neej laus dua [4], cov teeb meem erectile yog qhia los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab. Ib txoj kev tshawb xyuas epidemiologic tau kwv yees tias kwv yees li 2% txiv neej hluas dua hnub nyoog 40-50 xyoo tsis txaus siab ntawm cov teeb meem nquag (EPs) [2]. Ib daim ntawv tshawb fawb ntau dhau los ntawm tsib lub teb chaws European qhia tias 5% ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 18 thiab 29 xyoo dhau los muaj kev kawm dhau los ntawm ED yav dhau los 6 lub hlis [5]. Qhov feem cuam ntawm cov txiv neej hluas uas muaj qhov teeb meem erectile nyuaj, txawm li cas los xij, ntau dua, xws li 16% hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov txiv neej hauv 40 xyoo [6] rau 30% hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 18-25 xyoo [7].

Feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm erectile feem ntau pom zoo tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev yuav ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. Kev siv cov txiv neej cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov teeb meem uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj rau cov txiv neej kom muaj kev nyuaj siab erection. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov tub ntxhais kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Brazil (lub hnub nyoog: Xyoo 21.2), 13.3% tau hais tias muaj ED, siv qhov yooj yim International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) [8]. Cov tub hluas hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no uas siv cov hnab yas qis tau ob zaug kom tshaj tawm tias muaj teeb meem ntawm erectile. Hauv ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kev sib deev kis kabmob (STI) cov neeg tuaj kuaj mob [9], 37.1% ntawm cov txiv neej qhia txog cov teeb meem kev txhim kho mob (CAEP) rau tsawg kawg ib lub sijhawm. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb, uas yog cov txiv neej uas nyiam poj niam txiv neej thiab poj niam txiv neej, tau sau tseg tias CAEP tej zaum yuav sib xws [10]. Txawm hais tias cov tswv yim uas siv cov tswv yim CAEP tseem tsis tau to taub, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev, cov txiv neej nrog CAEP xav tau sij hawm ntxiv thiab / los yog ntau tshaj tawm ua kom muaj zog dua li txiv neej tsis muaj CAEP [11]. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, cov lus teb erectile raug txo qis dua hauv pawg CAEP nkaus xwb nyob rau thawj thawj feeb ntawm kev sib deev kev sib deev, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tom qab ntawd.

Cov kab mob plab zom tau tej zaum yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev siv tsis zoo, vim tias cov txiv neej uas qhia txog CAEP feem ntau yuav qhia txog ntau yam siv lwm txoj kev siv hnab looj qau thiab teeb meem, [12], kev siv hnab yas siv tsis tiav (daim ntawv thov lig thiab tshem tawm ntxov) [9,13], thiab siv hnab looj qau siv [14,15]. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej nrog 1,875 tus txiv neej, kev xav txog erection "zoo" (xws li kev ntsuas ntawm lub cev, qhov ntev ntev, thiab qhov ntev, thiab qhov teeb meem tswj kev erections) muaj feem ntau dua qhov yuav siv tau siv hnab looj tsis tiav [13]. Cov txiv neej kuj yuav muaj peev xwm paub txog CAEP yog tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm siv cov hnab looj kab kom yog, yog tias lawv muaj teeb meem nrog txoj kev siv kab mob kom haum los yog xav, thiab yog lawv sib deev nrog ntau tus neeg koom tes [9].

Aims

Ib nqe lus nug uas tau muaj, tsis tau raug tshawb nrhiav yog tias cov txiv neej uas tshaj qhia CAEP feem ntau yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm kev sib deev hauv cov teeb meem kev sib deev uas tsis siv cov hnab yas looj. Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog los soj ntsuam, hauv ib qho qauv siv roj ntsha, cov txiv neej hluas (18-24), seb cov neeg uas qhia CAEP (ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thov siv hnab looj tes, thaum lub sijhawm hauv plab chaw mos [PVI], lossis nyob rau ob qho tib si) ntau dua: (i) muaj EPs thaum tsis siv cov hnab yas looj; thiab (ii) tau qhab nia sib txawv ntawm IIEF. Peb lub hom phiaj yog tsis xav kom pom cov teeb meem ntawm erectile, tiam sis qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm CAEP rau cov qauv siv rau cov txiv neej, cov txiv neej siv roj ntsha.

txoj kev

Cov neeg koom

Cov neeg tuaj yeem yog cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv cov npe (piv txwv li, cov menyuam kawm ntawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov chav haujlwm ua haujlwm) thiab cov ntawv xov xwm xa tawm hauv Facebook. Kev tso cai tau txais los ntawm listserv managers thiab cov txheej txheem Facebook advertising tau ua raws. Peb saib xyuas cov txiv neej nrog CAEP los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm uas nug: "Cov hnab looj khib nyiab puas cuam tshuam nrog koj cov tawv nqaij?" Thiab "Cov hnab looj khib nyiab puas cuam tshuam nrog koj tus phom sij?" Cov kev cai muaj kev nkag tau rau hauv Internet, nyob nruab nrab ntawm 18 thiab 24 xyoo, self-identifying raws li heterosexual, thaum siv hnab looj hauv PVI hauv 90 hnub dhau los, thiab muaj peev xwm los nyeem lus Askiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiv neej raug tshem tawm yog tias lawv tau ua kev sib daj sib deev (monogamous) kev sib raug zoo rau 1 lub hlis los ntev tshaj, vim tias siv hnab yas looj raug tshawb pom tias poob rau thawj lub hli ntawm kev sib raug zoo [16]. Cov txiv neej ceeb toom qhia CAEP raug saib xyuas. Peb nug cov neeg teb ib lo lus nug tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb txog seb lawv puas tau teb cov lus nug tiag thiab puas yuav tsum tau siv lawv cov ntaub ntawv; tsuas 1.2% tau teb tias lawv tsis tau tshawb fawb tiag tiag thiab peb tsis xam lawv cov ntaub ntawv.

Tus qauv kawg muaj 479 tus txiv neej hluas. Cov ntawv sau qhia txog kev pom zoo tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv tau pom zoo tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev kawm.

Kev ntsuas

Cov Kev Ntsuam Raws Qib Siab

EPs Thaum Tsis Siv Cov Kws Khomob

Ob nqe lus nug ntsuas txog EPs thaum tus txiv neej tsis siv hnab looj. Cov neeg koom tau hais kom "Xav txog lub sijhawm thaum koj muaj rab qau - chaw mos ntawm qhov chaw mos PAST 90 HNUB thiab koj tsis siv hnab looj." Qhov no tau ua raws li los ntawm ob nqe lus nug, "Koj tau poob lossis pib plam koj lub zog erection ua ntej nkag (ua ntej tso koj tus qau rau hauv lub paum)?" thiab "Koj poob lossis poob rau koj lub ntsej muag ntau npaum li cas thaum koj tseem muaj chaw mos (ua ntej koj ua tiav)?" Cov lus teb tau xaiv yog: "yeej tsis," "qee zaus," "tsawg dua ib nrab sijhawm," "feem ntau," "ib txwm," thiab "Kuv tsis tuaj yeem teb vim tias kuv ib txwm siv hnab looj." Ob qhov sib txawv no hu ua EPs ua ntej nkag mus (EP-Ua Ntej) thiab EPs thaum lub sijhawm PVI (EP-PVI), feem. Rau txhua kis, tus txiv neej tau muab faib ua "Tau" yog tias lawv teb qee zaus lossis ntau zaus dua thiab "Tsis tau" yog tias lawv tsis tau muaj dua.

IIEF-5 [17]

Lub IIEF-5 yog ib daim ntawv luv zog ntawm 15-khoom IIEF, siv los ua ib qho kev ntsuas me ntsis los ntsuam xyuas ED. Tus qhab nia ntsiab lus tau muab sau rau txhua ntawm tsib yam khoom thiab siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas. Raws li cov qhab nia no, cov txiv neej tau raug pom zoo li tsis muaj ED (22-25), me ntsis ED (17-21), me ntsis rau ED (12-16), ntsis ED (8-11), lossis ED (5-7) -XNUMX), tom qab cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Rosen thiab cov npoj yaig [17].

Primary Participant Grouping Cov Cai

CAEPs

Ob hom qauv ntawm CAEP yog txhua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm cov khoom ib yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov txiv neej raug nug hais tias, "Muaj ntau zaus hauv 90 hnub koj tau ploj los yog pib poob ntawm koj lub plab thaum siv cov hnab yas looj ua ntej qhov chaw mos?" Cov lus teb tau hloov: "tsis," "occasionally," "less than half "Ntau zaus," thiab "nco ntsoov." Ntxiv mus, cov txiv neej raug nug, "Muaj pes tsawg zaus hauv 90 hnub koj tau ploj los yog pib poob rau koj qhov kev erection thaum hnav ib lub hnab yas thaum lub sijhawm pojniam?" Teb zoo! : "Tsis muaj," "qee zaus," "tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm," "feem ntau," thiab "nco ntsoov." Qhov ob lub pauv no yog hu ua CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov (CAEP thaum tso npe thov) thiab CAEP-PVI CAEP thaum siv lub hnab looj hnab rau PVI), raws li. Rau txhua qhov sib txawv, cov txiv neej tau muab cais ua "Yog" yog tias lawv tau teb los qee zaus lossis "Tsis yog" yog tias lawv teb tsis tau. Plaub pawg tau raug tsim los siv cov kev hloov ntawm ob qho no: Tsis yog-CAEP, CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov, CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab CAEP-Ob.

Cov Qauv Cov Ntawv Qhia thiab Cov Peev Xwm Muaj Feem xyuam

Ntxiv rau qhov kev tsim nyog thiab kev cais tawm uas tau piav qhia ua ntej, tus qauv nram qab no piav qhia txog cov txiaj ntsim nram qab no: Cov haiv neeg, Hispanic / Latino haiv neeg, kev kawm, kev tsis txaus siab, tus neeg tuaj koom tau tsis tau txais ib tus neeg tsis tuaj leej twg, thiab seb nws puas tau raug qhia kom siv ib lub hnab yas. Cov teeb meem tam sim no (mob ntshav qab zib, qaug dab peg, kev nyuab siab / kev ntxhov siab, ntau yam sclerosis, npau suav dystrophy, ntshav siab, mob plawv, lwm yam) thiab siv cov tshuaj (rau kev paub tsis meej hyperactivity disorder / kev paub tsis meej tsis meej [ADHD / ADD], ntshav qab zib, lub plawv , kev nyuaj siab, kev txhawj xeeb, hormonal, lwm yam) raug soj ntsuam thiab seb tus neeg koom nrog tau txais kev kho mob rau qhov teeb meem kev sib deev hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los. Siv lub caij 90-hnub rov qab, cov nram qab no raug ntsuas: seb tus neeg tuaj koom kev pab cuam hloov kho siv tus cwj pwm los yog ib qho los hloov kev sib deev, siv lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txawm nws tau sim ua rau nws tus khub ( s), thiab heev npaum li cas nws tau siv phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) thaum muaj kev sib deev thaum nws yog thiab tsis siv hnab yas looj.

Cov ntaub ntawv Analysis

Cov kev xeem Chi-squared raug siv los nrhiav cov koom haum ntawm CAEP pawg lus (Tsis yog-CAEP, CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov Xwb, CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab CAEP-Ob) thiab cov lus teb rau ob nqe lus nug txog erections thaum tsis siv hnab yas looj, IIEF-5 pawg (tsis muaj ED rau ED), thiab lwm cov qhab-nees categorical. Muab hais tias tus me me rau xaj pom frequencies hauv qee lub hlwb ua txhaum cov kev xav rau chi-squared qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, peb nqa 4 × 2 (tsis tau thiab lwm yam kev paub ntawm EPs thaum lub sijhawm qhia). Ua raws li qhov no, kev sib piv post-hoc kuj tau siv 2 × 2 chi-squared tests.

Kev tsom xam ntawm kev sib txawv tau siv los sib piv IIEF-5 thiab lwm cov qhab nia sib txuas thoob plaws nrog cov pawg nrog Scheffé cov kev ntsuas siv rau kev sib piv tom qab. Qhov tseem ceeb tau tsim nyob rau ntawm P <0.05. Kev tsom xam tau ua tiav siv SPSS Version 21 (IBM SPSS cov ntaub ntawv rau lub Windows, version 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

tau

Lub hnub nyoog nyoog yog 20.43 xyoo (tus qauv sib tw = 1.63). Feem coob pom tau tias dawb (80.1%), 6.8% Neeg Esxias, 4.7% raws li African Asmeskas / dub, thiab cov seem seem lwm hom neeg sib txawv. Hispanic / Latino haiv neeg raug qhia los ntawm 4.2% ntawm cov txiv neej. Feem coob (66.5%) tau qhia lawv txoj kev kawm tiav qib siab / kawm ua haujlwm, 3.8% qib siab, 29.4% high school, thiab 0.4% tsis kawm tiav high school. Tsuas yog ib nrab (54.7%) tau qhia lawv cov nyiaj tau los qis yog qib qis dua los yog tsawg dua thiab 53.0% loj hlob hauv cov nroog loj loj. Cov neeg feem coob tau raug txiav tawm (87.3%), tsis tau paub tias muaj mob STI (97.3%), thiab tau kawm txog kev siv ib lub hnab yas (63.0%). Cov kev tsis tuaj yeem yog tias 9.2%.

Ntawm 479 cov txiv neej, 184 (38.4%) tau cais tsis yog CAEP, 66 (13.8%) raws li CAEP-Daim Ntawv Xwb, 75 (15.7%) ua CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab 154 (32.2%) ua CAEP-Ob. Tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm pab pawg uas muaj hnub nyoog, haiv neeg, Hispanic / Latino haiv neeg, kev kawm, religiosity, khwv nyiaj, me me ntawm hometown, circumcision xwm, neej yav tas los ntawm STI, seb puas puas yog ib qho impregnated tus neeg, thiab puas tau puas tau qhia kom siv cov txiv neej.

Vim tias tsis muaj teeb meem txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua tus txiv neej qhia txog CAEP tau koom ua ke (txhua pawg CAEP) thiab muab piv rau cov txiv neej uas tsis qhia txog CAEP. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov pawg neeg tsuas yog rau kev nyuaj siab / ntxhov siab, nrog 12.9% ntawm cov txiv neej nyob hauv pawg CAEP pawg no piv nrog 4.9% ntawm cov txiv neej nyob hauv Pab Neeg Tsis Pab Koom Tes² = 8.14, qib kev ywj pheej [df] 1, P = 0.004). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib pab pawg sib txawv hauv daim ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuaj kho kev nyuaj siab (3.2%) lossis ntxhov siab (2.9%). Tsuas yog pawg sib txawv hauv kev siv tshuaj yog rau ADHD / ADD noj tshuaj, nrog 3.3% ntawm pawg tsis-CAEP thiab 8.9% ntawm ib pawg CAEP qhia txog kev siv cov tshuaj no (χ² = 5.62, df 1, P = 0.018). Tsawg dua li 1% tshaj tawm cov ntshav qab zib (0.8%), mob vwm (0.8%), ntau yam sclerosis (0.2%), mob leeg nqaij (0.2%), mob plawv (0.9%); qhov sib piv zoo sib xws siv cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav qab zib (0.8%), kev siv tshuaj kho mob plawv (0.4%), thiab tshuaj noj tshuaj hormone (0.9%). Tsawg me ntsis cov neeg tuaj koom tau qhia txog ntshav siab (2.1%), lwm yam teebmeem kev kho mob (1.7%), thiab kev kho mob rau kev sib deev hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los (1.5%).

90 cov hnub dhau los, tsawg tus tuaj koom nrog cov kev pabcuam los hloov lawv cov hnab yas siv (1.7%) lossis kev coj tus cwj pwm (1.3%) thiab ob peb tau siv PDE-5i rau kev sib deev nrog (1.9%) lossis tsis siv hnab yas (1.9% . Tsis muaj leej twg tau sim tau ib tus poj niam xeeb tub. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov txiv neej tau qhia tias lawv tau tso rau ntawm cov txiv neej cov hnab looj qau (54.9%) thiab / los yog lawv siv cov txiv neej siv hnab looj qe nrog lwm hom kev tswj menyuam (59.1%) tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv 90 hnub dhau los. Tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm ib pawg twg rau ib qho ntawm cov qhob no. Txiv neej muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv pawg CAEP twg (17.3%) tshaj li ntawm Pab Pawg Tsis Txaus Siab (9.8%) qhia tias lawv tau siv rau kev tiv thaiv kev txwv tsis pub muaj hnab looj qee yam tsawg kawg hauv qee zaum 90 hnub (χ² = 5.18, df 1, P = 0.023).

Lub sijhawm pes tsawg tus txiv neej siv cov hnab looj hauv 90-hnub rov qab yog 10.8 (standard deviation = 14.3) thiab qhov no tsis txawv hauv pawg plaub. Siv lub hnab looj khoov siv lub cev tsis zoo los ntawm CAEP-Xibfwb ob leeg (piv txwv 73.4%) piv rau pawg Pab Pawg Tsis Txaus Siab (82.4%) (F (3,471) = 3.44, P = 0.017), nrog rau lwm pab pawg nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab tsis txawv ntau ntawm ib leeg (CAEP-Thov Tsuas yog 82.1%; CAEP-PVI Tsuas yog 77.7%).

EPs Thaum Tsis Siv Cov Kws Khomob

Kwv yees li ib feem plaub ntawm tus qauv (23.0%) qhia tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug no vim tias lawv ib txwm siv hnab looj. Cov lus 1 nthuav qhia cov kev soj ntsuam rau cov neeg uas tseem tshuav. Vim hais tias ob peb tug txiv neej tau qhia ntau zaus txog EPs thaum tsis siv hnab looj tes, chi-squared tsom xam cov plaub CAEP pawg ntawm cov feem pua tau cais "Yes" thiab "Tsis yog" rau EP-Ua ntej thiab EP-PVI. Cov pawg CAEP txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm EP-Ua ntej (χ² = 40.14, df 3, P <.001). Qhov feem pua ntawm cov txiv neej hais qhia tsawg kawg qee zaus ua ntej nkag rau hauv No-CAEP, CAEP-Thov nkaus xwb, CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab CAEP-Ob pawg, yog 9.9, 35.7, 23.6, thiab 43.0, ua ntu zus. Hauv kev soj ntsuam tom qab, No-CAEP pawg tau muaj tsawg dua tus txiv neej qhia EPs ua ntej nkag thaum tsis siv hnab looj sib piv nrog rau lwm pab pawg. Cov lus 1 nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib piv post-hoc.

Cov lus 1. Cov teeb meem dav dav ntawm teeb meem erection thaum tsis siv hnab looj sib piv thoob CAEP pawg

Erection teeb meem thaum tsis siv tiag tiag	Cov pawg lwm
Erection teeb meem thaum tsis siv tiag tiag	Tsis yog-CAEP (n = 142)	CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov Xwb (n = 42)	CAEP-PVI tsuas yog (n = 55)	CAEP-Thib ob (n = 128)
*P <0.001 Cov ntawv sau qhia tau pom cov kev sib piv ntawm qhov kev sib piv post-hoc siv P <0.05 cov qauv. Cov pab pawg uas muab cov tsiaj ntawv tsis sib txawv. Cov uas tsis tau sib koom sau ntawv sib txawv. CAEP = qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho cov hlab pas; PVI = pob txha caj qaum.
Ua ntej nkag mus
Tsis Muaj (%)	90.1^a	64.3^{b, c}	75.4^b	57.0 ^c
Qee zaus (%)	4.9	28.6	16.4	30.5
Tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov sij hawm (%)	3.5	7.1	5.5	8.6
Ntau lub sijhawm (%)	1.4	0	1.8	3.9
Ib txwm (%)	0	0	0	0
Thaum PVI
Tsis Muaj (%)	95.1^a	85.7^b	43.6 ^c	54.6 ^c
Qee zaus (%)	3.5	11.9	40.0	33.1
Tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov sij hawm (%)	1.4	2.4	12.7	7.7
Ntau lub sijhawm (%)	0	0	1.8	4.6
Ib txwm (%)	0	0	1.8	0

Cov pawg CAEP kuj tseem ceeb heev rau EP-PVI (χ² = 8 3.00, df 3, P <.001). Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom qhia tsawg kawg qee lub sijhawm EP thaum PVI yog 4.9, 14.3, 56.4, thiab 45.4 rau qhov tsis muaj-CAEP, CAEP-Thov nkaus xwb, CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab CAEP-Ob pawg, ntsig txog. Hauv kev soj ntsuam tom qab, ntau tsawg dua cov txiv neej hauv pawg-No-CAEP tau tshaj tawm tias muaj EP thaum lub sijhawm PVI thaum tsis siv hnab looj sib piv nrog lwm pawg. CAEP-PVI Tsuas thiab CAEP-Ob pawg muaj qhov feem pua siab tshaj plaws thiab tsis tau sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov txiv neej hauv CAEP-Thov Tsuas yog pab pawg uas muaj tsawg kawg nyob rau ntu EP thaum lub sijhawm PVI yog ib nrab thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua pawg.

IIEF-5

Cronbach's alpha rau IIEF-5 rau cov qauv no yog 0.76. Raws li qhia hauv Table 2, IIEF-5 cov qhab nia txawv ntawm cov pawg CAEP (F(3,475) = 15.40, P <.001). Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab rau txhua pab pawg tau siab dua 21 (hauv qhov tsis yog) [17]. Cov Pab Pawg No-CAEP tau qhabnias siab tshaj plaws (23.92) (qhia tau zoo dua erectile ua haujlwm), sib txawv ntawm CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb (22.93) thiab CAEP-Ob Pawg (22.12), tab sis tsis yog los ntawm CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov Xwb (23.20) . Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm CAEP-Ob leeg ob leeg tsis txawv ntawm qhov ntawm CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, tiam sis nws txawv ntawm ob pawg. Cov qhabnias ntawm CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov thiab cov pawg CAEP-PVI-nkaus xwb kuj tsis txawv.

Rooj ntawv 2. IIEF-5 cov qhab nia thiab ED muab faib los ntawm cov pab pawg CAEP

	Tsis yog-CAEP (n = 184)	CAEP-Daim Ntawv Thov Xwb (n = 66)	CAEP-PVI tsuas yog (n = 75)	CAEP-Thib ob (n = 154)
*P <0.001 Cov ntawv sau qhia tau pom cov kev sib piv ntawm qhov kev sib piv post-hoc siv P <0.05 cov qauv. Cov pab pawg uas muab cov tsiaj ntawv tsis sib txawv. Cov uas tsis tau sib koom sau ntawv sib txawv. CAEP = qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho cov hlab pas; ED = erectile kawg; IIEF-5, Tshawb Fawb International ntawm Erectile Function; PVI = pob txha caj qaum ntawm chaw mos; SD = txheem sib txawv.
Txhais tau (SD) IIEF-5 score*	23.92 (2.24)^a	23.20 (2.51)^{a, b}	22.93 (2.56)^{b, c}	22.12 (2.54)^c
Kev faib tawm ntawm IIEF-5 Score*
Tsis ED (%)	91.3^a	81.8^b	77.3^{b, c}	68.2 ^c
Me ntsis ED (%)	7.1	15.2	20.0	28.6
Me me mus nruab nrab ED (%)	0.5	3.0	1.3	3.2
Qhov ED (%)	1.1	0	1.3	0
Loj heev (%)	0	0	0	0

Siv cov qhab nia ntawm IIEF-5, cov txiv neej tau raug cais tawm ntawm ED tsis pub dhau ED siv cov lus qhia los ntawm Rosen et al. [17] (saib Cov lus 2). Vim tias ob peb tug txiv neej tau raug cais raws li qhov sib txov me ntsis rau ED los yog siab dua, peb ua ke nrog cov txiv neej nrog ED rau ib pawg. Sib piv cov plaub pawg CAEP rau feem pua ntawm kev txwv tias tsis muaj ED thiab lwm yam ED, muaj kev koom nrog tseem ceeb (χ² = 28.98, df 3, P <.001). Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom ua ib pawg ED yog 8.7, 18.2, 22.7, thiab 31.8 rau tsis muaj-CAEP, CAEP-Thov nkaus xwb, CAEP-PVI nkaus xwb, thiab CAEP-Ob pawg, ua ntu zus. Cov lus 2 Cov ntawv sau qhia tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sojntsuam post-hoc uas qhia tau tias Pawg Neeg Tsis Muaj Haum TSW muaj tsawg dua cov txivneej uas muaj ED tshaj lwm pawg.

kev sib tham

Hauv qhov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, pojniam, txiv neej, cov khoom siv kab mob, cov CAEPs tau txuam nrog ntau dua, feem ntau subclinical (me) theem ntawm erectile nyuaj. Cov txiv neej qhia txog daim ntawv CAEP (thaum lub sij hawm thov thiab / los yog thaum lub sij hawm PVI) muaj feem ntau dua li Pawg Neeg Tsis Muaj Haum TSW ua ke kuj qhia txog qhov teeb meem loj erection ua ntej nkag mus thiab thaum lub sijhawm thaum tsis siv cov hnab yas looj. Cov txiv neej uas tau qhia CAEP thaum PVI tsuas yog lossis thaum lub sij hawm ob daim ntawv thov thiab PVI tau muab qis qis dua ntawm IIEF-5 dua li cov txiv neej qhia tsis tau CAEP. Tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg qhia CAEP tau zoo dua tuaj yeem raug cais vim muaj qhov tsis sib haum me ntsis mus rau ED dua li Pab pawg CA-CAEP. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob hauv CAEP-Ob leeg, pawg uas tau ntau tshaj IIEF-5-txheeb xyuas txog ED, feem ntau (68.2%) ntawm cov txiv neej tsis tau raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rau ED.

Muaj ntau qhov kev piav qhia rau cov kev tshawb pom no. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsis ua tau yog tias cov txiv neej nrog ED tseem muaj EPs thaum siv cov hnab yas looj. Thib ob, thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov txiv neej thawj zaug uas tsis muaj kev erection thaum lawv siv cov hnab yas looj txhawj txhawj xeeb txog kev muaj erections feem ntau thiab qhov no ua rau cov neeg muaj ntau dua ED [18]. Qhov no yuav zoo ib yam nrog lwm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub thiab lub siab lub ntsws xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv cov kab ke thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ED [19].

Cov txiv neej uas qhia txog kev siv cov tshuaj ADHD muaj feem ntau yuav qhia txog CAEP. Cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los tau qhia txog cov kev coj cwj pwm sib luag ntawm cov hluas nrog ADHD [20] thiab cov txiv neej uas siv cov tshuaj ADHD tej zaum kuj qhia txog cov teeb meem erectile li kev phiv tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj [21].

Cov kev txwv

Kev pom tsis meej ntawm peb cov kev tshawb pom kuj yog tsawg. Cov qauv no yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv siv rau cov laus, cov neeg laus, cov neeg siv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tsis yog kev sib raug zoo nrog kev sib deev, uas tau hais lus Askiv, thiab muaj Internet. Yog li, cov kev tshawb pom kuj tsis yog tus qauv rau cov txiv neej sab nraud ntawm cov kev tsim nyog. Peb lub hom phiaj yog tsis suav cov txiv neej uas muaj kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev rau ib lub hlis los yog ntev dua ntawd qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv 18-24 xyoo hnub nyoog qhia txog kev siv qis dua siv nrog cov neeg koom muaj npe dua nrog cov neeg koom nrog khub [22]. Cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv 18-24 pawg hnub nyoog tseem muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob STI thiab kab mob HIV [23], txawm tias tus nqi siv ntawm cov hnab yas siv [24].

Tau hais tias kev siv hnab looj yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais, tus txiv neej uas yav tas los siv hnab looj tab sis tsis siv lawm, tej zaum vim CAEP lossis lwm yam teeb meem, tsis tau sawv cev hauv peb tus qauv. Ib qho kev txwv ntxiv yog tias thaum peb siv lub cuab yeej siv tau los ntsuas qhov mob ntawm cov teeb meem erectile, peb tsis tau soj ntsuam ib tus neeg qhov mob siab txog qhov teeb meem; cov qauv rau kev kuaj mob ntawm tus txiv neej erectile ua tiav yuav tsum muaj qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsos mob [25]. Peb lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis yog, tab sis, qhia txog cov kev mob tsis meej heev, tab sis kom paub tseeb tias cov txiv neej uas qhia CAEP tseem ceeb toom txog EPs thaum tsis siv cov hnab looj ntsej muag thiab seb cov IIEF cov qhab nia txawv ntawm cov txiv neej tsis qhia txog CAEP.

Peb cov kev tshawb pom tias cov txiv neej qhia txog CAEP rau peb tus qauv, kwv yees li 18-32% tau ntsib cov teeb meem me me mus rau ED (nyob ntawm seb lawv qhia CAEP thaum thov cov hnab looj tes xwb, thaum PVI, lossis thaum lub sijhawm ob daim ntawv thov thiab PVI). Txawm hais tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg koom tau raug cais nyob rau hauv "kev sib txawv me" ED, muaj cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseeb meej. Cov EP tau txuas rau kev siv tsis yoojyim thiab siv tsis siv hnab, [9] uas ib txwm yog cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo kis mob STI / HIV; yog li, txhim kho cov txiv neej qhov kev paub ntawm kev siv hnab looj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Pawg txiv neej no tau txais txiaj ntsig qee yam ntawm cov kev coj ua luv luv coj tus cwj pwm los txo lawv cov teeb meem erectile. Txawm hais tias kev kho tshuaj rau ED feem ntau yog "thawj-kab" txoj hauv kev rau cov txiv neej muaj teeb meem erectile, kev tshawb fawb dhau los tau qhia tias PDE-5i tsis tas yuav kov yeej CAEP [26]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov PDE-5i kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv hlo tawg [27].

Hauv kev pom ntawm cov kev tshawb pom tias cov txiv neej nrog CAEP yuav xav tau ntau lub sij hawm los ua kev nyuaj siab tshaj cov txiv neej tsis qhia txog CAEP, Janssen thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm [11] pom zoo kom cov txiv neej nrog CAEP yuav tsum tau yaum kom siv sijhawm txaus los ua kom muaj kev txaus siab thiab paub tseeb tias lawv tau txais kev tawm dag zog txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv hnab looj. Cov kev kawm sim tshiab txog kev tiv thaiv tus kheej hauv tsev pab txhawb kev siv hnab looj qau ntawm cov tub hluas (xav tau tsawg kawg yog cov kws kho mob tawm tswv yim) qhia txog kev ntseeg siab rau tus txiv neej lub peev xwm siv hnab looj, kev siv tus kheej rau kev siv hnab looj, thiab kev nplij siab lub hnab kom zoo li txo kev tawg thiab EPs tom qab kev cuam tshuam [28,29]. Nws tseem muaj kev xav tau kev qhia zoo hauv kev siv hnab looj qog. Ntau tshaj li ib feem peb (37%) ntawm cov qauv siv niaj hnub no tsis tau kawm txog tias yuav tsum siv tiag tiag li cas. Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum ntsuam xyuas seb cov txiv neej siv cov hnab looj kab mob puas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog CAEP thiab qhov tsim nyog, ua ntawv xa mus rau kev kho psychoticxual los yog kev kawm kev paub txog kev siv tshuaj hlav [28,29].

xaus

Cov kev tshawb pom tau hais tias cov txiv neej uas tshaj qhia CAEP tseem muaj feem ntau yuav muaj kev txhim kho cov teeb meem loj dua. Txawm hais tias cov EPs tsis tau raws li cov txheej xwm rau ED, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum ntsuas seb cov txiv neej siv cov hnab yas tau siv CAEP thiab qhov twg tsim nyog, xa mus rau kev kho psychoticxual los yog kev kawm kev txawj ntse.

Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab: Tus neeg sau qhia paub tsis sib haum xeeb.

Nqe Lus ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv

Qeb 1

(A) Conception and DesignStephanie Sanders; Erick Janssen; Brandon Hill
(B) Kev Tshaj Cov Ntaub NtawvStephanie Sanders; Erick Janssen; Brandon Hill
(C) Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhais Txog Cov Ntaub NtawvStephanie Sanders; Erick Janssen

Qeb 2

(A) Drafting tsab xov xwmStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; Rick Crosby; Robin Milhausen
(B) Txhim Kho Nws Txoj Kev Txawj NtseStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; Rick Crosby; Robin Milhausen; Erick Janssen; Brandon Hill

Qeb 3

(A) Kev Pom Zoo Ntawm Cov Tshooj Tag NrhoStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; Rick Crosby; Robin Milhausen; Erick Janssen; Brandon Hill

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