Kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem duab liab qab Vim hais tias muaj lub siab tsis ncaj thiab ib qho kev siv ntawm kev siv yees siv los yog saib xyuas cov duab liab qab: Puas yog ob qho "Li Cas" raws li kev xav txawv raws li kev xav? (Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Grubbs kev coj tsis ncaj tus qauv)

Cov Cwj Pwm Coj Ua Cwj Pwm

, Volume 48, Qhov Xwm Txheej 2, pp 417-423 |

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-018-1293-5

Hom Tshuaj Matthias, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann, Marc N. Potenza

Introduction

Lub Hom Phiaj Cov Ntsiab ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj, Perry, Leeg, thiab Reid (2018) tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov tib neeg muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv duab liab qab. Grubbs li al. cam hais tias nws muaj cov neeg uas nws pom tias nws yog neeg saib tsis tau cov duab liab qab vim nws tsis muaj kev siv nws lub cev. Grubbs li al. qhia txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev saib duab liab qab vim yog kev coj tsis ncaj ncees (PPMI) uas "yuav pab txhais cov ntaub ntawv luam yeeb yaj kiab, nrog rau kev ncaj ncees txog kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua txhaum uas ua txhaum ib tus neeg coj ncaj ncees rau cov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tau raug quab yuam los ntawm kev siv duab liab qab. "

Tus qauv ntawm PPMI yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog. Daim duab uas sau luv luv ntawm tus qauv (saib Daim Duab 1 hauv Grubbs li al., 2018) suav nrog "kev ntxhov siab" raws li lub ntsiab kev sib txawv, sib txawv peb qib: kev mob siab / mob siab, kev ntxhov siab / kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev ntseeg / kev mob siab. Cov txheej txheem uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab suav nrog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: Txoj Haujlwm 1, uas yog hu ua "teeb ​​meem duab liab qab vim tsis ua haujlwm" thiab Pathway 2, uas hu ua "teeb ​​meem duab liab qab vim yog kev coj tsis ncaj." Grubbs li al. hais tias Txoj Haujlwm 1, uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm kev siv cov duab liab qab tsis yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv qhia thiab, hloov, lawv muab nws piv rau lwm cov qauv tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li I-PACE qauv) (Hom , Hluas, Laier, Wölfling, & Yias Npaws, 2016b). Txawm li ntawd los, Grubbs li al. txiav txim siab kom muaj qhov no Pathway 1 hauv lawv tus qauv, thiab txoj hauv kev no muaj ntau yam kev siv kev yees duab lossis kev siv duab liab qab. Qee yam ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog txuas nrog cov mechanisms ntawm PPMI, piv txwv li, ob qho tib si "dysregulation" thiab "tsis coj ncaj ncees" yuav tsum yog "cuam tshuam txog teeb meem ntawm kev xav txog tus kheej," uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab.

Peb cam hais tias qhov kev qhia no-kom muaj ib txoj hauv kev siv txoj kev siv dysregulated thiab mus txuas rau txoj kab no nrog rau txoj kab PPMI - tsis zoo txaus los ntawm Grubbs li al. (2018). Los ntawm peb qhov kev xav, nws yuav zoo dua ntxiv rau kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm ob txoj hau kev thiab ua ntau siab xav txog cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog lwm yam tsis tau lees paub hauv tsab xov xwm, piv txwv li, kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej thiab kev tsis sib haum ntawm tus kheej tswj nyob rau hauv xws li cov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, Grubbs li al. yuav tso tus qauv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev saib duab liab qab tam sim no thiab lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm tsis pub dhau ntawm kev cai dab qhuas.

Comments rau ntawm txoj kev 1 ntawm tus qauv: Dysregulated duab liab qab siv

Thawj txoj hauv kev nyob hauv tus qauv yog kev simplified cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem koom nrog txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm yam Grubbs li al. piav qhia txog kev siv hom kab xev lossis kev siv duab liab qab. Txoj hauv kev no, hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no, suav nrog cov qauv kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv (piv txwv li, kev xav tsis zoo, kev xav ntawm tus kheej, kev txhawj xeeb), raws li kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm kev siv duab liab qab siv raws li txoj cai. Daim duab qhia tias qhov cwj pwm dysregulated ua rau kev nyuaj siab, ob leeg ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj, dhau qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej pornography txog teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov duab liab qab yog tsuas yog hais tsis tag thiab superficially los ntawm Grubbs li al. (2018). Txawm hais tias txoj hau kev no tsis yog lub hom phiaj ntawm tus qauv, nws yuav tau txais txiaj ntsim los ntawm kev qhia ntxiv txog kev tsim cov kev siv cov duab liab qab kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob txoj hauv kev.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau hais meej tias tseem muaj cov cwj pwm coj los ntxiv uas yuav txhawb txoj kev txhim kho kev quav yeeb tshuaj los yog kev saib duab liab qab. Cov piv txwv tseem ceeb suav nrog kev nyiam ua plees ua yi thiab kev ua kom mob siab (Laier & Brand, 2014; Lu, Ma, Lee, Hou, & Liao, 2014; Stark li al., 2017), kev paub txog lub neej (Whang, Lee, & Chang, 2003; Yoder, Virden, & Amin, 2005), thiab psychopathology (Kaw li al., 2014; Schiebener, Laier, & Hom, 2015; Whang li al., 2003)). Cov cwj pwm no yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tsos mob ntau dhau ntawm kev siv duab liab qab, tab sis cov kev cuam tshuam yog kev sib cuam tshuam thiab / lossis kev sib kho los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab paub txog kev cuam tshuam rau sab nraud lossis sab hauv cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov thawj coj (txwv tsis pub tswj) cov haujlwm ua rau txiav txim siab siv duab liab qab ( Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017; Antons & Hom, 2018; Hom li al, 2016b; Schiebener li al., 2015; Snagowski & Hom, 2015)). Lub hauv paus rau kev siv cov duab liab qab ntau yog cue-reactivity thiab yees teb (piv txwv li, Antons & Brand, 2018; Hom Tshuaj, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016a; Gola li al., 2017; Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Hom, 2013; Snagowski, Wegmann, Pekal, Laier, & Hom, 2015; Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015). Nws tau raug sib cav hais tias kev muab kev saib xyuas tau ntsib thaum siv cov duab liab qab uas txhawb nqa-vim yog kev ua raws kev cai (Banca thiab al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Snagowski, Laier, Duka, & Hom, 2016) -Txhua cov lus teb rau cov lus hais txog kev ua plees ua ywj siab, uas ua rau kev siv duab liab qab (cf. Brand et al., 2016b). Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub paj hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg xws li cov ventral striatum, yog txuam nrog kev nce ubno thiab lwm cov tsos mob ntawm kev siv yees duab liab qab (Hom le., 2016a; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola li al., 2017).

Hauv lawv cov qauv, Grubbs li al. (2018) muaj peev xwm subsume qhov zoo-paub yees tswv yim hauv lub sij hawm siab ntsws dysregulation. Txawm li cas los xij, kev xav yog ntau tshaj qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab, vim nws nruab nrab cov kev xav, kev txhawb zog, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev quav tshuaj tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj (Carter li al., 2009; Carter & Tiffany, 1999; Tiffany, Carter, & Singleton, 2000) ua rau ob leeg mus kom ze thiab zam kev nyiam ua haujlwm (Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999; Robinson & Berridge, 2000)). Qhov tseeb ntawm kev kawm nqhis cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev txheeb ze rau kev tshawb pom qhia los ntawm Cyber ​​Pornography Siv Cov Khoom Siv-9 (CPUI-9) (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015b) tau sau tseg, tshwj xeeb yog kev tshawb pom ntsig txog kev siv duab liab qab sib zog (raws li kev ua haujlwm los ntawm "pom muaj qhov sib txuam" ntawm CPUI-9) zoo li muaj kev cuam tshuam ob qho kev cuam tshuam kom tsis txhob saib cov duab liab qab thiab ntau zaus thaum siv tsis xav txog (Fernandez, Tee, & Fernandez, 2017).

Kev tivthaiv ntawm "qes tswj yus tus kheej" hauv tus qauv los ntawm Grubbs li al. (2018) uas muaj xws li los yog hais txog txo cov kev tswj xyuas hauv kev tswj xyuas thiab kev tswj kev tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam, xws li cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv cov lus teb (Bechara, 2005), uas txuas ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm kev ploj mus ntawm kev siv duab liab qab. Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev tswj cov tswv yim, xws li kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, thaum ntsib nrog kev saib duab liab qab thiab daws cov kev ntxhov siab, tau pom tias cov neeg tsis zoo rau cov neeg nyiam nyiam saib duab liab qab (Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, & Hom, 2014a; Laier, Pekal, & Hom, 2014b). Dysregulation ntawm kev siv duab liab qab yuav ua tau los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua rau cov duab cuav thiab kev yees duab thiab cov kev tswj xyuas txo kev ywj pheej uas txhawb los ntawm tus kheej cov yam ntxwv xws li kev sib deev siab, kev kho siab, kev xav ntawm lub hlwb (Hom le., 2016b; Stark li al., 2017), thiab lub siab tsis ncaj (Antons & Hom, 2018; Romer Thomsen li al., 2018; Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, & Billieux, 2018). Nyob hauv tus qauv ntawm Grubbs li al., Cov koom haum ua dej num no tsuas yog siv rau ib qho kev sib txawv uas yog implicitly xaus lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev nyuaj ntawm txoj kev Pathway 1 yuav pab rau qhov txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm cov duab liab qab txog feem ntau, txawm tias yog vim muaj kev coj tsis ncaj thiab / los yog siv los yog siv cov txheej txheem.

Comments on Pathway 2 ntawm tus qauv: Tej teeb meem kev txhawj xeeb txog rau kev siv duab liab qab Vim yog Moral Incongruence

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los, Grubbs li al. (2018) qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob peb lub tswv yim uas yog qhov sib txuas rau PPMI. Thaum nrhiav tau los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, lawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev xav txog "kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj" thiab tej zaum yuav ua ib qho kev dag cuav raws li kev sib tw thiab kev teev lus ua haujlwm, nrog ua raws li ib qho tsawg tsawg ntawm cov kev txwv kev kawm ua rau hnub tim.

Grubbs li al. (2018) cam thawj hais tias kev ntseeg yog thawj qhov twv ua ntej ntawm tus kheej pom txog kev saib duab liab qab muaj teeb meem thiab kev xav txog kev ntxhov siab hauv Pathway 2. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov xib xub, Grubbs li al. zoo li qhia qhov (tsawg kawg ntawm ib nrab) ncaj qha cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntseeg mus rau qhov teeb meem pom nws tus kheej. Ib qho ntxiv, Grubbs li al. suav nrog tus xub los ntawm kev ntseeg txog kev ncaj ncees tsis pom zoo txog kev saib duab liab qab thiab siv cov duab liab qab mus rau kev coj tsis ncaj thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau nws tus kheej pom cov duab liab qab-cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem thiab kev ntxhov siab (saib Daim Duab 1 hauv Grubbs li al., 2018). Qhov no zoo nkaus li qhia ib qho kev sib kho ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm kev ntseeg rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kheej thiab kev xav ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab cov neeg tuaj daws teeb meem yog kev tsis ncaj ncees, kev siv duab liab qab, thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ncees. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav zoo nkauj heev uas pom lwm yam ntxiv yuav ua rau kev siv cov duab liab qab vim kev ntseeg thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ua rau nws siv tsis tau. Hauv qab no: Vim li cas cov neeg uas coj ncaj ncees siv cov duab liab qab, tab sis kev siv txhaum cai lawv qhov kev coj ncaj ncees?

Ib qho kev soj ntsuam tsim nyog hais tias yog cov kev tshawb fawb muaj nyob hauv qhov kev ntsuas-tshawb tau tshawb xyuas cov txiv neej ntseeg Christian loj. Piv txwv, hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Lauj, thiab Carlisle (2015a), 59% ntawm cov neeg koom ua ke ntseeg (36% Protestant los yog Evangelical Christians, 23% Catholic Christians), tsa cov nqe lus nug yog tias tus qauv tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Txuas ntxiv, kwv yees li ib feem peb (32%) ntawm cov neeg koom hauv cov qauv no yog kev ntseeg tsis muaj kev ntseeg xws li atheists thiab agnostics. Qhov no nce tau cov lus nug hais txog kev yuav ua li cas Pathway 2 ntawm tus qauv ntawm tus qauv ntawm PPMI tej zaum yuav siv tau rau cov neeg tsis muaj kev ntseeg thaum kev ntseeg yog thawj qhov tseeb. Muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov neeg thiab cov kev ntseeg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab txog kev siv duab liab qab uas siv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab liab qab. Piv txwv, hauv cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tsis nyiam-ntxiav (tsawg kawg yog 10% cov neeg koom hauv Grubbs li al., 2015a), tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ib tug tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev nyiam sib deev / kev nyiam sib deev (uas yuav ua txhaum txoj kev ntseeg), thiab cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no yuav cuam tshuam txoj kev xav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov duab liab qab (xws li cov ntsiab lus tsis yog neeg kev sib deev). Xws li cov kev sib cuam tshuam muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab thaum txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm PPMI. Zoo sib xws, nrog cov duab liab qab tam sim no feem ntau piav qhia txog kev ua phem rau cov poj niam thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus nrov ntawm kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem (Txuas hniav, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010; O'Neil, 2018), yuav tsum tau muab cov ntsiab lus no coj los xam thaum ntsuam xyuas kev coj tsis ncaj ncees? Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo thiab cov duab liab qab-cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kab / qauv. Peb sib ceg tias cov xwm txheej ua rau kev siv duab liab qab siv txawm tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab / los yog kev cai dab qhuas tseem yuav ua ntau dua thiab nuanced tshaj li tau hais.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tau lees paub yuav tsum muaj xws li cov xov xwm tshwj xeeb thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej. Piv txwv ntawm cov xov xwm tshwj xeeb, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm Grubbs li al. (2018), yog pheejyig, tsis qhia npe, thiab kev siv tau (qhov Triple engine) raws li pom zoo los ntawm Cooper (1998), thiab kev soj ntsuam tias Internet cov duab liab qab muaj lub sijhawm rau kev khiav dim ntawm kev muaj tiag, raws li pom zoo hauv ACE qauv los ntawm Young (2008). Cov cwj pwm coj ua rau kev siv duab liab qab, txawm hais tias txoj kev siv ua txhaum ib tus cwj pwm kev coj ncaj ncees, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem dag tau tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej, xws li kev ua siab zoo rau kev sib daj sib deev (Stark li al, 2017). Cov kev siv yav tas los nrog kev siv duab liab qab (piv txwv li, kev paub txog kev txaus siab thiab kev plees kev yaus) (Hom le., 1998) 2016b), kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv duab liab qab (txuas ntxiv), muab hais tias tus cwj pwm kev sib deev yog ib txwm muaj dag zog (cf. Georgiadis & Kringelbach, 2012).

Peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ob txoj hau kev uas tsim nyog tau xaiv. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev vim Grubbs li al. (2018) hais tias lawv tabtom npaj los pab "txhais cov lus luam ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj." Ntxiv mus, Grubbs li al. hais tias: "Ib qho yooj yim dua, thaum peb rov qab saib xyuas dua, xav tias kev quav tshuaj (raws li nws tau muab coj los tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej) mas feem ntau yuav ua hauj lwm rau ntau lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv duab liab qab vim yog teeb meem vim kev xav tsis ncaj ncees."

Peb pom zoo nrog "kev xav tias muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj" tsis yog lub sij hawm zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj feem xyuam muaj teeb meem. Kev siv ntawm CPUI-9 tag nrho cov qhab-nees los txheeb xyuas "pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv" tsis zoo li tsim nyog tau tias peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas me me tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau yam kev tiv thaiv. (Piv txwv), kev tiv thaiv tsis raug txhais los ntawm ntau npaum li cas / qhov kev ntsuas (tej zaum yuav sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev siv tshuaj; saib kev sib tham ntawm ntau npaum li cas / zaus ntsuas raws li CPUI 9 cov qhab nia ntawm Fernandez li al., 2017), thiab ntau lwm yam muaj feem xyuam nrog kev quav yeeb quav tsis tau txaus siab (xws li, cuam tshuam rau kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv). Feem ntau ntawm CPUI-9 cov lus nug, xws li cov ntsig txog kev ntxhov siab thiab muab los ntawm kev ntsuas rau kev coj ncaj ncees / kev ntseeg ntawm kev ntseeg, tsis zoo sib xws nrog ob qho kev sib txuas nrog CPUI-9 subscales muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txeeb thiab nkag (Grubbs li al. , 2015a). Vim li no, qee cov neeg tshawb nrhiav (xws li, Fernandez et al., 2017) tau hais tias, "peb cov kev tshawb pom muab pov tseg rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm Kev Ntsuas Siab Kev Ua Phem yog ua ib feem ntawm CPUI-9," tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws yog Qhov Kev Ntsuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab uas tsis tu ncua tsis qhia kev sib raug zoo nrog cov duab liab qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntawm cov khoom hauv lub nplai uas txhais tias "qhov kev quav tshuaj muaj peev xwm" yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev siv los ntawm kev siv compulsive thiab inflating lub tshab ntawm kev xav ntawm kev ncaj ncees incongruence (Grubbs li al. 2015a). Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no kuj yuav pab txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm lwm tus neeg hauv qhov ntsuas (qhov feem ntau ntawm kev txhawb tus qauv), cov khoom tsuas yog xav txog kev mob, kev txaj muag, lossis kev nyuaj siab thaum saib cov duab liab qab. Cov kev xav tsis zoo no tsuas piv tau cov lus tsis zoo uas muaj feem xyuam siv Internet-kev siv duab liab qab, thiab cov uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kev ntseeg ntawm kev ntseeg. Yuav kom tsis txhob siv hom kev siv thiab PPMI, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xav txog tsis yog sab PPMI xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm hom kev siv yees lossis kev siv qis thiab cov koom nrog PPMI thiaj li to taub zoo ob yam kev mob thiab seb lawv yog, cais. Grubbs li al. (2018) sib cav (hauv nqe lus: "Yuav ua li cas txog txoj kev thib peb?") uas tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem ntxiv rau kev siv cov duab liab qab, uas yog ib qho ua ke ntawm kev "lub hom phiaj dysregulation" thiab PPMI tib lub sijhawm. Peb sib ceg tias ob txoj hauv kev ua ke yuav tsis yog ib qho thib peb, tab sis feem ntau yog txoj kev teeb tsa nrog "ob qho tib si" nrog kev siv duab liab qab. Ua lwm yam lus, peb pom tias qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj thiab kev txhawb zog siab yuav ua haujlwm thoob plaws PPMI thiab "siv cov dysregulated." Tej no zoo li muaj qhov zoo sib xws txawm tias lub sijhawm siv cov duab liab qab yuav txawv txog kev tsim txom lossis kev puas tsuaj hauv PPMI thiab " Kev siv duab liab qab yog siv ntau tshaj qhov kev xav, uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab kev nyuab siab, thiab kev siv duab liab qab siv tau txawm tias tsis zoo. Cov kev puas siab puas ntsws qis qis siv kuj yuav zoo sib xws, thiab cov no yuav tsum raug tshawb fawb txog ntau yam.

Cov lus hais txog Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Ntawm Txoj Kev Sib Tw Ntawm Ob Txoj Hauj Lwm Hloov Qhov Chaw Mus Kawm Qib Ib

Ntau cov lus nug tseem nyob: Qhov ntawm PPMI yog dab tsi? Puas yog cov neeg uas qhia txog PPMI puas muaj kev xav txog kev txo hwj chim tswj lawv (me los sis nruab nrab) kev siv duab liab qab? Lawv puas xav tias nyuaj rau kev siv duab liab qab? Lawv puas muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev siab kub siab siv cov duab liab qab nyob rau hauv ib sab tes thiab ib txhij hnov ​​tias kev siv duab liab qab yog raug txwv vim kev coj ncaj ncees rau lwm tus? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub qhov zoo ntawm kev ntshaw thiab kev siab xav siv cov duab liab qab (Hom le al., 2011; Kws ua vajtse, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2010; Stark li al., 2015, 2017) hauv cov neeg nrog PPMI. Lub siab xav thiab kev kub siab ntawm kev siv duab liab qab, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xav paub thiab paub thaum siv cov duab liab qab-piv txwv, hais txog kev txhawb siab lub suab kev nyiam thiab ob txoj kev ua theories ntawm kev quav tshuaj (Everitt & Robbins, 2016; Robinson & Berridge, 2000) - thiab yog li ntawd cov teebmeem uas tau ntsib dhau los tswj kev siv, yuav zoo ib yam rau cov neeg uas muaj PPMI thiab cov tsis tuaj yeem siv / muaj yees siv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, ib lub ncauj lus tseem ceeb yog nqhis (saib saum toj no). Puas yog cov tib neeg tshaj tawm ntawm PPMI kev xav thiab xav siv cov duab liab qab hauv lawv lub neej? Puas yog lawv tseem mob siab rau kev siv duab liab qab? Puas yog lawv pheej xav txog kev saib duab liab qab lossis txog seb lawv puas yuam lawv lub sijhawm thaum siv duab liab qab? Puas yog lawv muaj lub siab xav phem thaum lawv tsis muaj lub sijhawm los siv cov duab liab qab? Cov lus nug no yuav tsum tau hais rau cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej ntawm PPMI txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo dua cov kab ke ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm PPMI thiab kev siv cov duab liab qab yuav yog cov duab liab qab-siv-cuam tshuam txog kev cia siab, raws li tau qhia rau lwm hom kev siv Is Taws Nem kev siv Internet tsis zoo, kev coj tus cwj pwm, thiab kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej cawv (Borges, Lejuez, & Felton, 2018; Taymur li al., 2016; Wegmann, Oberst, Stodt, & Hom, 2017; Xu, Turel, & Yuan, 2012)). Puas yog cov tib neeg uas xav tias yuav tsum siv PPMI siv cov duab liab qab txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev xav tsis zoo los yog tiv nrog kev ntxhov siab txhua hnub? Puas yog lawv xav kom muaj kev txaus siab zoo (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004) uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm lwm qhov haujlwm? Puas muaj cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv lawv uas lawv xav tias tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lawv txoj kev siv duab liab qab (Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017) txawm tias nws yog qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees?

Qhov kev sib txuas ntawm ob txoj hauv kev yuav xav tau thiab yuav txhawb tau cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas yuav ua rau cov neeg xav tias lawv tus kheej ua yeeb yam pornography los yog muaj PPMI, feem ntau, txawm tias muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev siv duab liab qab los yog ntau zaus.

Tej kev sib txuas ntawm ob txoj hauv kev yuav yog:

  • Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ntxias thiab kev coj ncaj ncees thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv nrog kev tsim txom duab liab qab

  • Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj nuj nqi-taw kev tiv thaiv thiab kev yees

  • Kev sib cav ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv duab liab qab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees

  • Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev daws kev ua zoo thiab kev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tiv thaiv

  • Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab nrog rau cov khoom plig luv luv (khoom siv vim kev siv duab liab qab) thiab cov kev cuam tshuam ntev rau kev coj ncaj ncees

  • Kev xav txaj muag thiab txaj muag tom qab siv cov duab liab qab, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo rau hauv lub xeev thiab qhov ua kom rov qab siv cov duab liab qab dua kom thiaj li muaj kev nyuaj siab rau lub xeev thiab kev xav ntawm kev nyuaj siab

Peb sib ceg hais tias nws tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov kev sib tham ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim muaj feem cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej ntau cov qauv ntawm teeb meem siv duab liab qab. Qhov no kuj pab tau kom tsis txhob muaj tej yam tshwj xeeb thiab hom mechanisms hauv cov qauv uas tau npaj tseg. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav ntawm qhov chaw tsis yog tom qab ob seem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tau qhia orthogonality ntawm ntau hom teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv duab liab qab.

Cov Lus Hais Txog Kev Siv Tshuaj

Grubbs li al. (2018) hais tias: "Txawm hais tias tus neeg ntawd puas siv cov duab liab qab ntau dua (piv txwv li, kev tiv thaiv) los yog PPMI, peb lees paub ob qho kev nthuav tawm los ntawm kev mob hlwb, kev xav ntawm lub hlwb, thiab kev cuam tshuam rau tus kheej. Nws yog vim li no peb thiaj li ua tiav peb tus qauv ntawm PPMI ua ib lub tswv yim hloov los pab ua kom pom tseeb tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum yog. "Peb pom zoo nrog pom tias ob qho xwm txheej (thiab lwm tus) tsim nyog los ntawm cov kws kho mob yog tias cov neeg nrhiav kev kho tsis taus lossis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Tshwj xeeb, raws li yav tas los los ntawm lwm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav (Fernandez li al., 2017), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog cov tib neeg kev mob nkeeg nrog rau cov kev coj tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev siv cov duab liab qab thiab PPMI, kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov tswv yim sib txawv thiab sib txawv ntawm ob qho xwm txheej yog qhov yuav tsum ua. Peb sib cav ntxiv hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau hom kev siv duab liab qab siv tau qee qhov kev nyuab siab, kev siv compulsive, thiab lwm yam uas tau ntsib los ntawm cov tib neeg thiab yuav tsum yog li ntawd yuav tau kho ib tus zuj zus.

Grubbs li al. (2018) xeev: “Hais luv, peb hais tias PPMI yog cov teeb meem tiag tiag nrog lub txim tshwm sim hauv hlwb, tab sis hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm cov teeb meem no txawv ntawm qhov muaj tseeb tiag. Hauv cov chaw kho mob, qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm cov kev txawv txav no yog qhov tseem ceeb. " Raws li tau hais saud, peb pom zoo raws li qhov pom hais tias ob qho tib si - PPMI thiab kev siv tsis zoo - tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv chaw kho mob. Peb xav qhia txog qhov no thaum peb ntseeg tias cov kev xav los ntawm Grubbs et al. yuav tsum tsis txhob txhais tias yog kev txo qis ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev saib duab liab qab rau cov tib neeg thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Ntawd yog, peb ntseeg tseeb tias tus qauv PPMI yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los txo qis kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov muaj teeb meem duab liab qab siv hauv nws cov lus tshaj tawm lossis kos qhov xaus tias kev saib duab liab qab rau cov tib neeg uas xav PPMI yog tsis muaj peev xwm, dhau los, lossis lwm yam tsis tsim nyog. Cov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ob qho tib si kev nkag siab / siv ntxiv thiab PPMI tsis txawv qhov tau hais los ntawm Grubbs li al. thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib ncab los sis muaj cov sib txuam ua ke es tsis muaj cov txheej txheem orthogonal piav qhia txog kev ntxhov siab. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev ntxhov siab yuav hloov pauv mus rau theem ntawm kev muaj yees thiab tias tus qauv no yuav tsum tau sim hauv ntau cov chaw kuaj mob (piv txwv li, kev mob siab-nrhiav kev tiv thaiv thiab zam dhau los), muab cov qib sib txawv ntawm kev nkag siab ntsig txog kev ntxhov siab thiab cuam tshuam. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov etiologies ntawm ob qhov kev yuam / siv ntxiv thiab kev ntxhov siab ncaj ncees qhia qee qhov kev mob siab, nyiam, thiab kev paub. Peb ntseeg tias muaj cov lus nug qhib muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev kho mob ntawm kev yuam / siv lossis cuam tshuam txog kev siv duab liab qab, thiab nkag siab txog lwm yam tshaj li cov uas tau ntes los ntawm CPUI-9 thiab kawm txog hnub tim yog qhov xav tau ua ntej los tshawb fawb thiab kev coj ua. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, kev xav txog ntau yam ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev txhawb rau kev nrhiav kev kho, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev saib duab liab qab, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws zoo li ua rau siv kev lees paub thiab Kev Siv Lub Peev Txheej Txheem, raws li tau hais los ntawm Grubbs et al. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lwm qhov, kev hloov kho tus cwj pwm thiab lwm yam kev qhia ntawm kev paub txog kev coj tus cwj pwm yuav pab tau yog tias tus neeg siv lub hom phiaj xav tau zoo dua rau nws lub siab nyiam thiab xav siv cov duab liab qab thiab nws lub peev xwm, tswj kev tiv thaiv, thiab saib duab liab qab. (Kev ua npaws, Sofuoglu, Carroll, & Rounsaville, 2011)). Ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj los txiav txim siab thaum cov tib neeg ntsib teeb meem ntsig txog kev saib duab liab qab siv kev kho mob (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016). Yog li, ntau yam kev coj-kev coj tsis ncaj ncees thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev quav tshuaj, kev tiv thaiv, kev txiav txim siab-kev txiav txim siab-yuav tsum raug xam tag nrho thaum kev tshuaj xyuas cov tib neeg cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv duab liab qab kom muab kev kho kho.

Sau ntawv

Ua Raws Li Cov Qauv Kev Cai

Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab

Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Dr. Brand tau txais (rau University of Duisburg-Essen) nyiaj los ntawm German Research Foundation (DFG), German Federal Ministry rau Research thiab Education, German Federal Ministry of Health, thiab European Union. Dr. Brand tau ua tiav kev pab nyiaj rau ntau lub koom haum; tau kho cov phau ntawv journal thiab khoom; tau muab kev qhia txog kev kawm hauv cov chaw kuaj mob los yog kev tshawb fawb; thiab tau tsim cov phau ntawv los yog phau ntawv tshooj rau cov luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv kho mob hlwb. Dr. Potenza tau sab laj thiab qhia Rivermend Health, Opiant / Lakelight Therapeutics, thiab Jazz Pharmaceuticals; tau txais cov kev pabcuam tshawb nrhiav (rau Yale) los ntawm Mohegan Sun Casino thiab National Center for Responsible Gaming; sab laj rau lossis qhia txog kev cai lij choj thiab kev twv txiaj hauv cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev tswj hwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm; muab kev khomob rau kev khomob rau kev tswjhwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm; tau txais kev txheeb xyuas; edited txhua hnub / phau ntawv journal; muab kev qhia txog kev qhia hauv kev sib tw tshwj xeeb, CME cov kev tshwm sim, thiab lwm qhov chaw kho mob / kev tshawb fawb; thiab cov phau ntawv los yog cov tshooj kos rau cov luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv kho mob hlwb.

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