Kev Sib Piv Cov Kev Mob Nkeeg thiab Cov Ntshaw Sib Haum Xeeb ntawm Neurotransmitters hauv Shanghai Cov hluas uas muaj thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: Kev Tshawb Xyuas Case (2013)

PLoS Ib. 2013 Tej zaum 3; 8 (5): e63089. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0063089.

Zhang HX, Jiang WQ, Lin ZG, Du YS, Vance A.

Tau qhov twg los

Department of Puas hawv Tshuaj, Zhongshan Tsev Kho Mob, Fudan University, Shanghai, Suav teb.

Abstract

Tom qab

Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (IAD) yog tam sim no lees paub chaw lwm qhov thiab paub tias muaj kev sib txuas nrog kev kawm thiab kev tsis taus. Txog rau hnub tim, peb paub me ntsis txog nws cov kab mob roj ntsha tseem ceeb. Txoj kev tshawb no tsom mus sau cov pab pawg me nyuam uas muaj kev sib tham nrog IAD thiab muaj hnub nyoog thiab poj niam los txiv neej sib txawv xws li tsim kev sib piv cov pab pawg. Peb pom tau hais tias cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas muaj IAD yuav muaj feem ntau ntawm kev txhawj xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab kev nyuaj siab kho mob, tau hloov theem ntawm peripheral ntshav dopamine, norepinephrine thiab serotonin. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, peb tau siv cov sijhawm siv online los txuas nrog kev nyuab siab thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog IAD.

Vib this / Thawj Xibfwb Nrhiav

Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm 20 cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau ntsib Dais cov cai rau IAD thiab 15 feem ntau tsim cov hluas (piv cov pab pawg). Tag nrho cov neeg koom ua tiav qhov Kev Ntsuas Tus Ntaus Nqi Kev Nyuaj Siab (SDS), Kev Ntsuas Tus Ntaus Tus Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas (SAS), thiab Kev Ntsuas Tus Me Nyuam Kev Ntsuam Txog Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua (SCARED). Peripheral ntshav dopamine, serotonin thiab norepinephrine tau soj ntsuam. Qhov theem ntawm norepinephrine tau qis dua hauv pawg IAD tsawg dua li ntawm cov neeg koom tes, thaum dopamine thiab serotonin tsis txawv. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas SDS, SAS thiab SCARED tau nce siab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog IAD. Lub tswv yim kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov qhab-nees SAS siab dua thiab qis dua theem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xuab moos hauv online thiab cov qhab nia ntawm SAS / SDS hauv IAD pawg.

Cov lus xaus / qhov tseem ceeb

Ua rau yus tus kheej txhawj xeeb tshaj tawm thiab qis peripheral ntshav norepinephrine yog nws tus kheej nrog IAD.

Citation: Zhang HX, Jiang WQ, Lin ZG, Du YS, Vance A (2013) Sib piv ntawm cov Psychological Cov Tsos Mob thiab Cov Qib Heev ntawm Neurotransmitters hauv Shanghai Cov Tub Hluas Ntxov nrog thiab tsis muaj Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej hauv Internet: Kev Tshawb Xyuas Case. PLOOS IB 8 (5): e63089. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0063089

editor: Jerson Laks, Tsoom fwv teb chaws ntawm Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Tau txais: Hlis 31, 2012; Tau txais: Peb Hlis 27, 2013; Luam tawm Tej zaum 3, 2013

Copyright: © 2013 Zhang li al. Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm qhib kev nkag mus raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Licence, uas tso cai txwv, faib, thiab luam tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab qhov chaw muaj npe.

Nyiaj: Cov haujlwm no tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm Lub Tebchaws "11th tsib xyoos xyoo" txhawb cov tswvyim science thiab technology hauv Tuam Tshoj, cov khoom (2007BAI17B03). Tus neeg ua hauj lwm tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, kev sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshawb xyuas, kev txiav txim siab yuav luam tawm, los yog npaj cov ntawv sau. Lub website ntawm Ministry of Science thiab Technology ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog raws li nram no: http://www.most.gov.cn/.

Kev nyiam kev sib tw: Cov sau phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev sib tw txaus siab.

Introduction

Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (IAD) tau tshwm sim nrog ntau qhov chaw hauv internet: qhov tseeb, cov kev taw qhia tawm tau pom tias tau nce hauv kev tsim thiab tsim lub teb chaws [1]-[3]. Qhov cuam tshuam hauv kev kawm, kev sib raug zoo, tsev neeg thiab kev ua hauj lwm tau raug sau tseg thiab txuas rau IAD [2], [4]. Muaj ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsim xws li yau hnub nyoog ntawm kev siv internet, muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab muaj cov mob tshwm sim ntau dua thiab / lossis mob [5]-[7]: cov qhab nia siab dua hauv Beck Depthion Inventory (BDI) [6] los yog Lub Hauv Paus rau Kev Nyuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab (CES-D) [7] yog txuam nrog IAD. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev siab ntsws ntawm kev siab ntsws ntawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Cov Kev Dag Zog thiab Kev Nyuaj Siab, muaj ntau theem ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab muaj kev tsim kom muaj kev xav tau suicidal ntxiv hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog IAD [8]-[10].

Tamsis no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kabmob uas muaj feem rau IAD nyob tsis meej [6]. Covob qho tseem ceeb muaj xws li kev tsis txaus siab ntawm dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), thiab / los yog norepinephrine (NE), uas muaj feem xyuam nrog qhov pib ntawm kev mob siab thiab kev ntxhov siab xws li kev tsis txaus siab ntawm serotonin thiab norepinephrine neuronal axon qub txig [11]-[15]. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi txo qhov kev txo tus kabmob ua rau lub cev muaj zog tsawg tau txuas mus rau qhov kev nyuaj siab loj thiab tej zaum yuav raug siv hauv IAD [16]. Peb pom tias cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas muaj IAD yuav muaj feem ntau ntawm kev txhawj xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab cov kev mob nyhav thiab kho cov plhuav ntawm peripheral ntshav dopamine, norepinephrine thiab serotonin.

Tonioni li al. [17] tau pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xuab moos nyob online thiab kev nyuab siab / ntxhov siab vim muaj ntau yam, peb pom tias cov xuab moo siv online kuj tuaj yeem raug nrog cov qhab nia ntawm SAS / SDS ntawm cov neeg hluas nrog IAD.

Ntaub ntawv thiab kev

Cov neeg koom

20 cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog IAD, raws li Beard cov cai [17], tau nrhiav haujlwm los ntawm chav tuam tsev kho mob ntawm Shanghai Mental Health Center hauv Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 2008 rau Lub Ib Hlis 2010. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau siv kwv yees li 33.8 (16.8) teev hauv ib lub lim tiam uas siv internet hauv online. Thav tau tag nrho ua nrog Internet (xav txog cov kev sib tham hauv Internet yav dhau los los sis xav tias lawv cov kev sib tham hauv online); xav tau siv Internet rau nce zuj zus lub sij hawm yuav raug xa tawm; tsis muaj peev xwm tswj, txiav rov qab, lossis txiav lawv txoj kev siv Internet; tsis muaj dab tsi, muaj kev nyuaj siab, muaj kev nyuab siab, thiab / los yog txob siab thaum siv lawv cov kev siv hauv Internet raug txiav los yog nres; thiab nyob hauv internet ntev tshaj li qhov pib npaj. kuvNtxiv rau, lawv tau pom yam tsawg ib ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim nram qab no: muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm, kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm vim lawv siv Internet; dag rau cov neeg hauv tsev neeg los yog lwm tus neeg kom zais cov khoom siv hauv Internet; thiab / lossis siv Internet ua ib txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb meem los yog tshem tawm txoj kev xav tsis zoo. Lawv raug pom tias muaj kev tsis taus yog lawv tsis tau kawm ntawv, qhia tsis zoo rau tsev kawm ntawv thiab / los yog raug qhuab qhia los ntawm cov cai ntawm cov xib fwb (cov xib fwb thiab / los yog niam txiv) vim lawv siv Internet. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv raug tshem tawm yog tias lawv tau muaj pov thawj ntawm cov teeb meem mob comorbid, kev mob ntsws uas muaj ua ntej thiab / los yog noj cov tshuaj psychoactive.

Feem ntau cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, sib koom tes rau hnub nyoog thiab poj niam los txiv neej, ntawm tib lub tsev neeg sib tham (theem nrab hauv Shanghai) tsis muaj kev kho mob lossis kev puas hlwb, kev siv dej cawv thiab / lossis tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog cov neeg koom nrog kev tswj hwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tso cai tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom thiab lawv cov neeg saib xyuas raug cai. Muaj 18 cov tub thiab 2 cov ntxhais (lub hnub nyoog 16.8 ± 1.8 xyoo) hauv IAD pab pawg thiab 13 cov tub thiab 2 cov ntxhais (lub hnub nyoog ntawm 18.1 ± 2.7 xyoo) nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsim pab pawg.

Nqe Kev Ncaj Ncees

Txoj kev tshawb no yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb loj uas tsom rau cov hluas tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Cov tom kawg tau pom zoo los ntawm lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Lub Rooj Sib Tham hauv Shanghai Mental Health Center. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua hauv Shanghai xwb, tsis sab nraum Tuam Tshoj. Cov neeg koom nrog thiab lawv cov neeg saib xyuas raug xaiv tau koom hauv Shanghai Mental Health Center hauv Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine rau ob xuab moos sib kho nrog kev so. Sau ntawv pom zoo tau txais thaum pib ntawm qhov kev sib tham, tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab piav meej meej rau cov neeg koom thiab lawv cov neeg saib xyuas raug cai.

Kev ntsuas

Cov ntawv pov thaiv lub Diagnostic Questionnaire rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet [18]: 8 cov khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nrog ib tug dichotomous (Tau / Tsis) Siv Li Lawm Likert. IAD yog kuaj thaum twg tag nrho cov thawj 5 yam tau ntsib nrog tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm 3 cov khoom ua tau ntsib.

Kev Ntsuas Tus Ntaus Tus Ntaus Tus Ntaus Nqi (SDS) [19]: 20 yam khoom nrog plaub-piv Likert nplai. Cov qhab-nees siab dua qhia tau tias mob nyhav dhau los. Kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg tau tsim nyog txaus rau hauv Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tus Kheem Kev Ntshai (SAS) [20]: 20 yam khoom nrog plaub-piv Likert nplai. Cov qhab-nees siab dua qhia tau tias muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg tau tsim nyog txaus rau hauv Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Vijtsam Rau Menyuam Ntxhov Siab Txog Cov Kev Ntseeg Siab (SCARED) [21], [22]: 41 cov khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho nrog rau peb lub ntsiab lus Likert muag txhawb tsib yam tseem ceeb: 'somatic / panic', 'generalized ntxhov siab', 'ntxhov siab vim', 'kev ntxhov siab vim' thiab 'tsev kawm ntawv ntxhov siab'. Cov qhab-nees siab dua, qhov siab dua ntawm theem kev txhawj xeeb rau hauv tus menyuam. Kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg tau tsim nyog txaus rau hauv Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Biochemistry Tests

Rau txhua tus neeg koom tes, 5 ml ntawm venous ntshav tau muab rho tawm hauv heparin anticoagulation nqus tube, khaws cia hauv lub xeev mob uas tsis muaj lub teeb. Qib siab ntawm DA thiab NE nyob rau hauv cov ntshav dej tau siv los ntawm kev siv ELISA (enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay), thiab qib ntawm 5-HT hauv peripheral ntshav platelets raug ntsuas nrog HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography).

Tus txheej txheem

Cov neeg koom nrog thiab lawv cov neeg saib xyuas raug cai tuaj koom rau hauv Shanghai Mental Health Center hauv Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Sau ntawv pom zoo tau txais. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas raug muab los ntawm cov kws kho mob cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv computer.

statistical Analysis

Cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Rau Kev Txawj Sib Lej (SPSS), version 16.0 los sib piv cov IAD thiab feem ntau tsim pawg. Cov qhab-nees uas feem ntau tau muab faib, txhais los ntawm qhov kev kuaj xyuas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, los yog yuav muab hloov mus rau ib qho kev faib tawm tau sib piv nrog kev siv tus kheej-qauv t kev ntsuam xyuas. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis-ntsuas khoom raug muab coj los piv rau Mann-Whitney U xeem. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients raug xam rau cov haujlwm uas txawv ntawm IAD thiab feem ntau tsim pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev hloov no tau nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas binary logistic tsom xam los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej tau pom zoo tias IAD pab pawg koom nrog. Correlation ntawm cov sij hawm siv online thiab cov qhab nias ntawm SAS / SDS hauv IAD pawg tau txiav txim los ntawm Pearson r.

tau

Theem ntawm Monoamine Neurotransmitters hauv Plasma

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov NE hauv pawg IAD yog qis dua li ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev tsim txom [345 ± 68] pg / ml thiab (406 ± 76) pg / ml, feem ntau, t = 2.515, p = 0.017]. Muaj tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov theem ntawm DA lossis 5-HT ntawm ob pawg (rooj 1).

Xais
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Cov lus 1. Qib ntawm 5-HT, NE thiab DA hauv IAD thiab tswj hwm pawg.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0063089.txt

Qhia Txog Tus Cwj Pwm Qhia Txog Kev Ntshai

SDS, SAS thiab SCARED cov qhab nees hauv pawg IAD tau tag nrho ntau dua cov neeg nyob hauv ib pab pawg neeg (rooj 2).

Xais
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Cov lus 2. Kev sib piv ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm tus kheej tau qhia cov kev xav hauv siab ntawm IAD thiab kev tswj hwm pawg.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0063089.txt

Correlation ntawm Kev Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Npaj Qhia Nrog Kev Ntsuas NE

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients rau IAD thiab feem ntau tsim pawg sib txawv ntawm -0.26 rau-0.29 rau qib NE thiab cov qhab nia ntawm SDS, SAS thiab SCARED (r = -0.263, -0.269 thiab-0.294, feem).

Logistic Regression Analysis

Qhov kev tso siab ntawm tus kheej tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev siv logistic yog cov theem NE thiab SDS, SAS thiab SCARED cov qhab nias. Hnub nyoog thiab txivneej los pojniam kuj raug xam tias yog kev hloov ntawm nws tus kheej. Ob tug qhob no tseem nyob hauv qhov kev hloov zauv regression: SAS cov qhab nia (V1) thiab qib NE (V2) (rooj 3). Qhov feem pua ​​tag nrho yog 80.0% (regression equation: logit (P) = −14.729+0.475×V1−0.031×V2).

Xais
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Cov lus 3. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev siv logistic ntawm qhov NE thiab qhov nws tus kheej tau qhia txog kev mob siab ntsws nrog kev mob ntawm IAD los yog tsis (20 cov hluas thaum IAD thiab 15 tswj).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0063089.txt

Correlation of Time Spent Online thiab cov qhab nia ntawm SAS / SDS Ntawm Cov Hluas uas muaj IAD

Ntawm 20 cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj IAD, qhov sib xyaw coefficient ntawm cov xuab moos hauv online tauj ib lub lis piam mus txog qhov qhab nia ntawm SAS tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb (r = 0.015, p = 0.955), los sis tsis yog qhov qhab nia ntawm SDS (r = 0.015, p = 0.954).

kev sib tham

Kev tshawb pom tias cov hluas uas muaj IAD muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab depressive cov tsos mob yog ua raws li cov hauj lwm dhau los: Bernardi li al. [23] pom tau hais tias 30% ntawm cov neeg hluas uas muaj IAD muaj kev ntxhov siab vim muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau sau txog kev koom tes ntau dua-dua-txoj kev koom tes ntawm IAD nrog depressive mob [7], [9], [24], [25] thiab qhov yuav ua rau cov neeg hluas uas muaj kev nyuab siab muaj peev xwm tsim tau IAD [26], [27]: tseem ceeb, peb qhov kev sim dhau los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tau pom tias cov hluas uas muaj IAD tau txhawj xeeb txog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuab siab tom qab paub kev coj tus cwj pwm [28].

Interestingly, txawm hais tias hloov DA, NE thiab 5-HT muaj kev ua haujlwm muaj kev sib txuas nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuab siab, peb pom tias tsuas yog theem ntawm NE tau qis dua thiab nws tus kheej qhia tias muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua nyob rau hauv pawg IAD piv rau pawg neeg ib txwm ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qib qis ntawm NE correlated me ntsis nrog nce kev ntxhov siab thiab depressive cov tsos mob.

Yog li, kev xav li cas thiab feem ntau cov kev ntxhov siab vim muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau cov hluas uas muaj IAD tej zaum yuav txuam nrog kho cov haujlwm ua muaj zog hauv lub cev: txawm li cas los xij, 5-HT thiab DA tsis raug hais tawm, qhia tias yuav muaj ib qho kev txhim kho NE tshwj xeeb los ntawm IAD thaum tiav hluas. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yuav yog tias dopamine kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog IAD, xws li lwm hom kev tiv thaiv [29]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhia tias NE yog ib yam khoom noj khoom haus ntawm DA, yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv. Zhu li al. [30] tau nyuam qhuav tau sau tseg tias cov kev hloov hauv cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav NE yuav ua rau muaj kev kho mob zoo rau IAD thiab cov tsos mob siab thiab ntxhov siab. Ib zaug ntxiv, yuav tsum muaj kev sim siab yav tom ntej.

Txawm tias cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los [17], [31] qhia txog qhov sib piv nruab nrab ntawm cov sij hawm siv hauv internet thiab kev nyuab siab / kev ntxhov siab, peb tsis pom zoo qhov kev sib raug zoo hauv txoj kev tshawb xyuas no. Los piav txog qhov txawv, muaj qee qhov lwm yam tsim nyog yuav tau kawm ntxiv dua li cov kev qhia rau kev xav (SCL-90 hauv ob qho kev tshawb fawb dhau los thiab SAS, SDS hauv peb txoj kev kawm).

Muaj ntau ntau cov kev txwv hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no uas txwv kev txhais cov ntsiab lus. Ua ntej, tus qauv me me tuaj yeem ua rau kom nce 1 thiab 2 qhov yuam kev nce. Thib ob, cov hnub nyoog tsawg thiab cov poj niam txiv neej ntawm qhov piv txwv txhais tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev loj hlob theem thiab poj niam txiv neej tsis tuaj yeem raug. Peb, qhov tsis ntev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntev hais tias tsis muaj qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav ua tau los ntawm cov koom haum tseem ceeb. Kom meej meej, ntev ntev ntev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov ntxhais, thoob cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas thiab cov hluas hluas, ua tib zoo txhais rau IAD thiab cov mob comorbid yuam kev, uas tau los ntawm ntau lub chaw yuav hais txog cov kev txwv no. Ntxiv rau, kev kuaj mob ntxiv ntawm kev ntsuas NE hauv kev tswj kav yuav tsum tau muaj ntxiv.

Sau cov tswv yim

Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: WQJ YSD. Tau ua cov kev sim: WQJ YSD ZGL. Ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv: HXZ AV YSD. Pab cov khoom reagents / cov ntaub ntawv / cov cuab yeej tsom xam: WQJ HXZ YSD. Sau ntawv: HXZ AV.

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