Pem hauv ntej hlwb. 2018 Jun 7; 9: 252. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00252.
PMID: 29930524
PMCID: PMC5999751
DOI: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00252
Sunyoung Chaw Ua Si1, Hyera Ryu1, Ji-Yoon Lee1, Aruem Choi1, Dai-Jin Kim2, Sung Nyun Kim3* thiab Jung-Seok Choi1,4*
Aims:
Txoj kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no tau tshuaj xyuas neural txuas nrog kev kho mob teb rau cov neeg mob uas muaj Internet gaming disorder (IGD) siv siv hluav taws xob hauv xeev electroencephalography (EEG).
Txoj kev:
Peb suav cov 30 cov neeg mob IGD thiab 32 kev tswj hwm kev noj qab nyob zoo (HCs). Ntawm cov neeg mob IGD, 18 tau ua tiav kev kho mob sab nraud uas muaj cov kws kho mob nrog cov tshuaj serotonin reuptake uas ua rau xNUMX lub hlis. Kev tswj xyuas EEG kev sib koom tes thiab cov ntawv nug tus kheej tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov kev soj ntsuam thiab cov kev xav ntawm lub hlwb ua ntej thiab tom qab kho, thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug soj ntsuam siv cov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav.
tau:
Muab piv rau cov HCs, cov neeg mob IGD pom cov kab mob beta nce thiab gamma intrahemispheric kev sib koom tes thiab muaj zog zuj zus mus rau hauv qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm txoj cai hemisphere ntawm lub hauv paus. Tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm cov kev tswj xyuas kabmob, cov neeg mob IGD pom tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv IGD cov tsos mob piv rau lub hauv paus, tab sis lawv pheej qhia tias muaj cov beta thiab gamma intrahemispheric coherence piv nrog cov HCs. Tsis muaj teebmeem EEG hloov qhov kev hloov ntawm kev sojntsuam uantej thiab tomqab kuaj seb puas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg hauv pawg IGD.
xaus:
Cov kev tshawb pom no hais tias qhov ntau dua ntawm intrahemispheric fast-frequency coherence kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov leeg uas muaj IGD cov leeg neurophysiological trait marker.
Introduction
Kev ua si hauv Internet gaming (IGD) yog ib qho qauv ntawm kev siv ntau dua thiab rov qab siv Internet-raws li kev ua si (1). IGD tau txais kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv vim muaj ntau yam kev tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua neej xws li kev ua neej, kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb (1, 2). Cov neeg mob nrog tus cwj pwm kev coj tus cwj pwm, xws li IGD, koom nrog qee qhov kev soj ntsuam, nrog rau kev xav tsis zoo, kev xav, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tus cwj pwm phem (3, 4). Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau siv neuroimaging thiab neurophysiological cov tswv yim los tshawb xyuas cov kev hloov hauv cov kev ua thiab kev hloov hauv lub paj hlwb nrog impulsivity lossis lus inhibition los txhim kho peb txoj kev to taub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm IGD (5-7).
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb neuroimaging tau tshawb xyuas cov kev tsis sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg mob IGD. Piv txwv, Zhang (8) tau qhia txog qhov tsis qis ntawm qhov qaug zog ntawm cov kab mob hauv orbitofrontal cortex thiab posterior cingulate cortex rau cov laus nrog IGD piv nrog cov tswj. Lawv kuj pom tias cov neeg mob IGD tuaj yeem ua kev sib tshuam zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv hom thiab tswj kev tswj xyuas nrog cov ntawm lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg mob IGD pom cov kev sib txuas mus rau hauv cov paj hlwb sensorimotor lub hlwb thiab kho cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub teb chaws txuas mus rau hauv prefrontal lobe, xws li sab nraud superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, thiab nruab nrab frontal gyrus (9, 10). Cov kev tshawb pom no hais tias cov neeg mob IGD muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv kev ua lag luam, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev tswj hwm tus kheej.
Txawm tias cov kev tshawb fawb neuroimaging tau txheeb xyuas lub hlwb cov khoom txuam rau hauv kev ua ub no hauv lub xeev, lawv muab cov lus qhia tsawg txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev ntawm cov pob txha neural hauv lub hlwb. Kev pom zoo ntawm Electroencephalographic (EEG) yog pab rau kev ntsuas kev txawv txav ntawm cov koom haum lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub cev (11). EEG coherence ntsuas cov sib npaug ntawm cov theem sib txawv hauv ob lub cheeb tsam hauv hlwb thiab qhia txog lub synchronization ntawm neural populations thiab cortical connectivity (12). Ua kom muaj kev sib haum ntawm ob lub EEG electrodes pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ob lub hlwb hauv cheeb tsam, es tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb yog qhia txog cov kev ua ub no ntawm ob neural neeg (13, 14).
Ob peb cov kev tshawb nrhiav uas tau tshawb xyuas lub hlwb txuas nrog kev so-state EEG tau tshaj tawm tias cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev tiv thaiv siv Internet uas pom muaj zog gamma coherence ntawm parietal, txoj cai ntawm lub cev, thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm oxipital nrog cov tswj kev noj qab haus huv (HCs) (15). Cov neeg mob nrog IGD kuj pom tau tias muaj kev txhawb zog ntawm intrahemispheric gamma coherence piv rau ntawm lwm yam (16). Txuas ntxiv, muaj zog txuas mus rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev ua si hauv lub caij nyoog ib ntus los ntawm kev ua si hauv online gaming (17). Cov kev tshawb pom raws li qhov qhia tau hais tias hloov kho gamma phasic synchrony yog txuam nrog hyperarousal nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog li zoo li nrog rau kev txawv txav excitatory system. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis paub meej tias qhov hloov kho neural txuas rau cov neeg mob IGD yog ib qho cim tseem ceeb lossis lub xeev tus cim qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm IGD. Ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb siv EEG kev sib haum xeeb tau pom txawv txav hauv lub hlwb txuas rau cov tib neeg uas siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw (SUD), uas muaj lub paj hlwb zoo ib yam li ntawm IGD (7, 18, 19). Piv txwv, cov neeg tsis tuaj yeem tsis ntev los no thiab cov neeg haus dej cawv uas tsis yog-cwj pwm los ntawm cov neeg haus cawv tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob sab, intrahemispheric, thiab posterior EEG coherence (18). Ib yam li ntawd, cov neeg tsis muaj mob heroin nyob hauv cov neeg tuaj yeem muaj ntau ntxiv sab hauv lub tsho tiv thaiv kabmob gamma qhov sib piv rau HCs (19). Cov kev tshawb pom no hais tias kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov neural tsis zoo li qub tom qab lub sijhawm ntev los yog kev kho mob thiab muaj peev xwm ua raws li tus mob endophenotype rau SUD. Yog li no, cov kev tshawb nrhiav ntev ntev nrog cov neeg mob IGD tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab txog kev mob ntsws ntawm lub cev thiab tsim kho kev kho mob rau IGD.
Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov kev hloov hauv kev sib hloov nyob hauv kev so-state EEG sib koom ua ke tom qab kho cov neeg mob IGD. Yog li, peb tshawb xyuas cortical connectivity nrog cov lus teb rau kev kho mob hauv cov neeg mob IGD kom nkag siab txog nws txoj hauv kev thiab qhia kom meej tias qhov hloov phasic synchrony nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg nrog IGD yog ib lub xeev los sis ib qho cim kev ntxias. Raws li kev tshawb pom yav dhau los (16, 17, 20), peb pom tau tias cov neeg mob IGD yuav tuaj yeem muaj zog sai sai ntawm qhov pib thiab tias qhov kev ntsuas no neurophysiological yuav raug pab txawm tias lawv cov tsos mob IGD tau zoo tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv.
Ntaub ntawv thiab kev
Cov neeg koom
Cov kev kawm ntev no muaj 62 txiv neej cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 18-38 xyoo uas tau txais los ntawm SMG-SNU Boramae Qhov Chaw Kho Mob thiab cov neeg zej zog nyob hauv Seoul, Republic of Korea. Pebcaug cov neeg mob tau raug cais raws li muaj IGD raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm Diagnostic thiab Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm Ntawm Cov Kev Xiam Hlwb, Tsib Tsab thiab tau raug tshuaj los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob txog kev puas hlwb (1)). Peb Caug-ob tus kws tuaj koom ua HCs. Qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no suav nrog cov neeg mob uas siv ntau dua 4 teev / hnub thiab / lossis 30 teev / sijhawm ua si siv Is Taws Nem is taws nem. Tsis tas li ntawd, Young's Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob (Y-IAT) tau siv los ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm IGD cov tsos mob (21)). Kev soj ntsuam hauv paus thiab qhov ntsuas EEG tau ua rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom. Txij li kev soj ntsuam hauv paus, 18 ntawm 30 tus neeg mob nrog IGD uas tau mob comorbid tsis pom kev zoo lossis ntxhov siab tau txuas ntxiv cov tshuaj kho mob nrog serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) siv cov tshuaj nruab nrab txhua hnub: escitalopram ntawm 15.83 ± 9.17 mg, fluoxetine ntawm 50.00 ± 9.17 mg, lossis paroxetine ntawm 30.00 ± 14.14 mg. Tsis muaj tshuaj lwm yam tshaj li SSRIs tau siv hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob txuas ntxiv, lawv tau ua tiav kev soj ntsuam nrog rau kev ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab EEG cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tshwm sim thaum xub thawj yog kev hloov ntawm IAT tus qhab nia los ntawm ua ntej rau tom qab kev kho mob. Cov neeg tuaj koom HC uas tau ua si kev ua si hauv Internet <2 teev / hnub tau raug xaiv ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg hauv zej zog. Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev xiam oob khab, lub hlwb tsis meej, lossis lub paj hlwb tsis tau zoo, thiab txhua tus tau tuav sab xis. Cov neeg koom nrog qhov pom ntawm IQ ntawm <80 tau tsis suav.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Institutional Review Board ntawm SMG-SNU Boramae Qhov Chaw Kho Mob, Tebchaws ntawm Kauslim Teb. Tag nrho cov neeg koom tau muab kev qhia paub txog kev pom zoo tom qab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb.
EEG Cov Ntaub Ntawv
EEG Cov Ntawv Sau Txog
Muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog EEG cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv peb txoj kev kawm yav dhau los (16)). Lub xeev EEG tau sau cia rau 10 min (4 min nrog qhov muag kaw, 2 min nrog qhov muag qhib, thiab 4 min nrog qhov muag kaw) hauv chav tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab tsis muaj suab nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo. Cov neeg koom tau raug qhia kom so kom tsis txhob muaj lub cev txav thiab tsaug zog. EEG cov haujlwm tau sau los ntawm 64 electrodes raws li tau hloov kho International 10–20 hauv kev koom ua ke nrog cov kab hluav taws xob ntsug thiab kab rov tav electrooculograms thiab mastoid reference electrode. Cov av hauv av tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm FPz thiab Fz electrodes. Cov paib EEG tau muab sau cia tsis tu ncua uas siv 0.1-60 Hz online bandpass lim thiab 0.1 H50 Hz offline bandpass lim ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1,000 Hz. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws tau khaws cia ntawm <5 KΩ.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv EEG tau txheeb xyuas nrog NeuroGuide software (NG Deluxe 2.6.1, Applied Neuroscience, St. Petersburg, FL, USA) rau kev sojntsuam sib txuas, thiab 19 ntawm 64 raws tau tsav los ntawm NeuroGuide cov teeb tsa raws li nram no: FP1, FP2, F7 , F3, Fz, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1, thiab O2. Artifacts vim lub qhov muag ntsais muag thiab taw thaum EEG cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub tshuab NG Deluxe 2.6.1 tsis zoo thiab tau pom qhov tseeb.
Kev sib haum xeeb
Txoj kev ntsuas kev sib haum xeeb tau muab tso rau hauv Park thiab al. (16). Los ua tibzoo, cov ntaubntawv qhia EEG rov qab los rau hauv qhov kev siv ntau zaus uas siv lub vas nthiv Fourier transformation algorithm nrog cov nram qab no: epoch = 2 s, sampling tus nqi = 128 samples / s (256 cov sij hawm cov ntsiab lus), zaus range = 0.5-40 Hz, thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.5 Hz nrog lub qhov cosine taper qhov rai kom txo qis. Lub NG 2.6.1 kev pabcuam raug siv los muab cov kev cai sib nkag ua ke. Cov txheej txheem txais EEG ntawm cov ntaub ntawv EEG raug muab xam rau txhua qhov ntawm cov khoom nram qab no: raws li (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-25 Hz), thiab gamma (30-40 Hz). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teebmeem ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm txhua lub hnab yog siv cov F3-C3, F3-T3, F3-P3, C3-T3, C3-P3, thiab T3-P3 electrode officers rau sab laug hemisphere thiab F4-C4, F4- T4, F4-P4, C4-T4, C4-P4, thiab T4-P4 electrode khub ntawm txoj cai hemisphere. Qhov teebmeem ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm FSNUMX-F3, C4-C3, T4-T3, thiab P4-P3.
Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Lub Siab Ntsuas
Wechsler Neeg Loj Hlob
Kauslim version ntawm Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale tau muab rau tag nrho cov neeg koom los xam lawv IQ (22-24).
Cov lus nug
Kauslim version ntawm tag nrho cov lus nug tau raug lees paub (25-28).
Cov Hluas Yaus (Y-IAT)
Y-IAT tau siv los ntsuas qhov phem ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet. Tag nrho 20 cov khoom muaj nyob rau ntawm tsib-point scale ntawm 1 rau 5. Yog li, tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm 20 rau 100 (21, 28)). Lub Cronbach's alpha rau txoj kev kawm no yog 0.97.
Beck kev nyuaj siab rau kev khaws khoom-II (BDI-II)
Lub BDI-II raug muab los ntsuam xyuas cov kev mob tshwm sim (depressive symptoms) (26, 29)). Txhua qhov khoom ntsuas rau ntawm plaub-tus teev txij li 0 txog 3, thiab tag nrho cov qhab nia rau tag nrho 21 yam khoom tuaj yeem muaj txog 0 txog 63. Cronbach's alpha rau txoj kev kawm no yog 0.95.
Beck ntxhov siab vim cov lus nug (BAI)
Tus BAI suav nrog tag nrho 21 cov khoom thiab chaw nyob rau cov kev muaj mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab (25, 30)). Cov lus teb tau ntsuas rau plaub-tus qhab nia, thiab cov qhab nia txij li 0 txog 3. Tus lej BAI tag nrho, uas kwv yees txij 0 txog 63, tau los ntawm kev suav tag nrho 21 yam khoom. Lub Cronbach's alpha rau txoj kev kawm no yog 0.94.
Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS-11)
BIS-11, uas tau siv los ntsuas qhov kev xav tsis zoo (27, 31), yog 30-cov lus nug txog kev nug tus kheej uas suav nrog peb subscales uas ntsuas kev ua tsis tau zoo (saib xyuas, lub cev muaj zog, thiab tsis npaj). Txhua qhov khoom ntsuas rau ntawm plaub-qhov ntsuas txij li 1 txog 4. Tus Cronbach's alpha rau txoj kev kawm no yog 0.79.
statistical Analysis
Lub hauv paus uas pej xeem nyiam thiab puas siab puas ntsws tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm kev ywj pheej t-tsis, qhov txawv ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub cev ua ntej thiab tom qab kho tau los ntawm kev ua khub t-tub. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov dav dav dav (GEEs) yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov teebmeem ntawm pawg EEG rau txhua tus qhabnia ntau zaus los kuaj xyuas qhov sib qeeb ntawm cov kev ntsuas rov los (32, 33). Cov kev ntsuas hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov GEEs siv los soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no thiab thaum kawg ntawm 6-hli kev kho mob lub sij hawm, raws li: cov kev sib tshuam ntawm intrahemispheric yog soj ntsuam raws li pawg (IGD thiab HC) , lub sijhawm dhau los, lub caij luv thij, lub plawv-lub caij nyoog, lub centre-parietal, thiab cov temporo-parietal) × hemisphere (sab laug thiab sab xis); thiab kev sib koom tes yog ntsuas raws li pab pawg (IGD thiab HC) × thaj tsam (frontal, central, temporal, and parietal). Hauv cov kev soj ntsuam, peb cov kev tswj hwm rau kev kawm thiab BDI-II, BAI, thiab BIS-11 cov qhab nia los txheeb xyuas cov pab pawg sib txawv. Tag nrho cov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau tshwm sim tau siv SPSS 20.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
tau
Demographic thiab Psychological Variables Ua Ntej Thiab Tom Qab Kho Mob
Cov neeg mob IGD tsis txawv ntawm HCs ntawm cov hnub nyoog los yog IQ. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv hauv kev kawm ntawv, BDI-II, BAI, thiab BIS-11 cov kev ntsuas tau pom ntawm ob pawg. Cov xwm txheej thiab pejxeem ntawm cov IGD thiab HC pawg neeg muaj npe nyob rau hauv Table 1. Tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob, cov neeg mob IGD tau qis dua Y-IAT cov qhab nia tab sis tsis txo BDI-II, BAI, los yog BIS-11 cov qhab nia piv nrog lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb (Cov lus 2).
rooj 1. Demographic thiab puas siab puas ntsws yam ntxwv ntawm cov pawg neeg kawm ntawm lub hauv paus.
rooj 2. Cov kev hloov hauv cov yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj Internet gaming teeb meem (IGD) ua ntej thiab tom qab kho tas.
EEG Koom Nrog
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog EEG Coherence Baseline
Qhov tshwm sim tawm siv los siv GEEs ntawm intrahemispheric coherence qhia cov teeb meem loj hauv pawg hauv cov beta thiab gamma bands ntawm lub hauv paus tom qab kho rau cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg hloov lub hlwb (Cov lus 3). Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg mob IGD [M (qhov yuam kev ntawm qhov txhais tau hais tias SEM = 48.95 (69.463) Cov neeg mob uas mob IGD [M (SEM) = 41.68 (70.187)] kuj pom tias muaj ntau dua hauv lub gamma band dua li HCs [M (SEM) = 58.65 (111.862)]. Txuas ntxiv, muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev sib raug zoo tau tshwm sim rau pab pawg neeg. Pab pawg neeg IGD [M (SEM) = 46.03 (113.029)] muaj qhov muaj zog ntau ntxiv hauv cov cai hemisphere uas yog piv rau HC pawg [M (SEM) = 49.11 (68.393)]. Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev sib haum sib xyaw ua tsis tau pom cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm pawg, qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm pab pawg neeg ntawm ib cheeb tsam, los yog pab pawg neeg hauv pawg nruab nrab.
rooj 3. Cov teebmeem ntawm EEG nkag mus rau kev sib txuas ua ke rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov neeg (kev kawm) thiab kev xav (cov qhab nia ntawm BDI-II, BAI, thiab BIS-11) ua ntej thiab tom qab kho.
Cov kev hloov hauv EEG Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Kho Mob Tom Qab Kho Mob
Tsis pub muaj kev hloov EEG sib haum xeeb hauv cov kev kho mob ua ntej lossis kev kho mob tom qab hauv pawg IGD. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm pawg tau pom hauv beta thiab gamma coherence ntawm kev soj ntsuam tom qab kho (Cov lus 3 thiab daim duab 1). Tshwj xeeb tshaj li, cov neeg mob IGD [M (SEM) = 53.66 (75.338)] qhia tau nce beta intrahemispheric coherence piv nrog HCs [M (SEM) = 40.54 (77.143)]. Intrahemispheric coherence rau gamma band tau yooj yim dua rau cov neeg mob IGD [M (SEM) = 61.41 (126.700)] tshaj HCs [M (SEM) = 46.51 (129.734)] tom qab kev soj ntsuam tom qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev tawm tswv yim, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm pab pawg neeg hauv cheeb tsam nyob hauv alpha tiam sis tsis muaj teeb meem pab pawg sib txawv.
Daim duab 1. Cov teebmeem loj ntawm EEG intrahemispheric (A) beta thiab (B) gamma coherence ua ntej thiab tom qab kho tas. *P <0.05.
kev sib tham
Rau peb txoj kev paub, qhov no yog thawj txoj kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev hloov hauv longitudinal hauv neural connectivity ntsuas los ntawm EEG sib koom hauv cov neeg mob IGD. Cov neeg koom nrog IGD tuaj yeem tau nce tus kab mob EEG hauv qhov beta thiab gamma bands ntawm lub hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev hloov no txawv txav tsis zoo li qub tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm cov kws kho mob, txawm tias cov neeg mob IGD pom kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv lawv cov tsos mob IGD. Raws li, peb cov qhabnias yuav qhia tau tias nce beta thiab gamma coherence thaum lub sijhawm so lub xeev yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg mob IGD uas tseem ceeb hauv cov neurophysiological trait marker.
Pawg IGD pom tias tus kab mob HC yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov HC ntawm qhov pib. Beta band ua haujlwm ntawm tus EEG so yog qhov ua rau tus neeg mob siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab nws yog ib qho uas qhia tias lub cev tsis muaj zog vim yog qhov tsis zoo-hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hlwb34, 35). Ua rau kom muaj tus kabmob intrahemispheric beta muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kev nyab xeeb rau IGD (17, 36). Piv txwv li, Youh li al. (17) pom tias qhov kev nce beta sib haum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub xub ntiag yog ntau dua rau cov neeg mob comorbid IGD thiab kev nyuaj siab loj (MDD) piv rau cov neeg mob MDD xwb. Tus sau phau ntawv qhia tias qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau hauv online gaming thiab qhia txog kev hloov kho neural synchronization ntawm lub hlwb hauv cov neeg mob IGD.
Cov kab mob EEG gamma coherence ua ntej yuav kho tau raws li txoj kev tshawb xyuas yav dhau los (16). Kev ua si ntawm Gamma feem ntau yog xav kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog ntau hom kev ua neural, nrog rau kev ua rau kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev pabcuam (37-40). Peb cov pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias qhov nce gamma intrahemispheric kev sib haum xeeb muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev tswj hwm tsis ua hauj lwm, qhov nqi zog, thiab sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov tsos mob IGD (16). Txuas ntxiv, Choi li al. (41) txiav txim siab tias muaj zog gamma ntau ntxiv thaum lub caij so lub teb chaws no muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tsis muaj zog thiab tsis zoo rau cov neeg mob IGD. Tawm tswv yim ua ke, cov kev tshawb pom no qhia txog kev ua kom tsis muaj zog hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg mob IGD.
Tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm cov kev tswj xyuas kabmob, cov neeg mob IGD pom kev zoo hauv lawv cov kabmob IGD piv nrog lub hauv paus, tiamsis lawv tseem pom cov beta thiab gamma intrahemispheric coherence piv nrog HCs. Ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb tau siv SSRIs qhia tias cov kws kho mob txo cov IGD cov tsos mob (20, 42). Serotonin yog xav los ua si ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev lam ua (43). Yog li, txoj kev kho mob nrog SSRI zoo nkaus li ua rau txo cov kev mob hnyav ntawm IGD. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no tsis pom txhim kho kev hloov kho hauv kev sib koom tes hauv cov beta thiab gamma bands tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm SSRI kho. Cov kev tshawb pom no hais tias kom muaj kev sib raug zoo tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm IGD es tsis yog lub xeev lub cim.
Kev kawm tam sim no yog raug rau qee yam kev txwv. Ua ntej, peb cov qhabnias yuav yog tsis paub dav dav vim tias cov neeg koom hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog cov me me thiab tsuas yog txiv neej tau koom nrog. Thib ob, txoj kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no tau siv cov kev kho mob tsis zoo uas tsis yog siv cov kev kho mob kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau soj ntsuam cov kev hloov hauv cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov neeg mob IGD ntau dua qhov kev kho mob. Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau los qhia txog cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau cov cim neurophysiological ntawm cov neeg mob IGD. Thib peb, tag nrho cov neeg mob IGD nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab los yog ntxhov siab, uas yuav muaj teebmeem sib txawv. Yog li, cov kev xav ntawm lub hlwb raug tshuaj los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov teebmeem no.
Tag nrho, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no pom tau hais tias, ntawm qhov pib, cov neeg mob IGD tau nce tus kabmob txuas rau hauv kev ceev nrawm nrog rau HC pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, 6 lub hlis ntawm cov kev kho mob, uas qhia tias kev nce beta thiab gamma coherence thaum lub sij hawm so hauv lub xeev yuav yog ib qho kev xav txog kev nyuab siab rau cov kab mob pathophysiology ntawm IGD. Qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yuav ua rau kom nkag siab zoo dua txog ntawm tes hauj lwm neurophysiological underlying IGD.
Sau cov tswv yim
J-SC thiab SK ua tus tsim thiab lub tswvyim ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. SP tau tshawb xyuas cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab coj cov kev sau ntawv sau tseg. J-SC coj thiab saib xyuas qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv sau. HR, J-YL, AC, thiab D-JK pab txhawb txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Nyiaj
Txoj kev tshawb no yog nyiaj los ntawm National Research Foundation ntawm Kauslim (2014M3C7A1062894), Koom Haum Kauslim Teb.
Teebmeem ntawm Cov Lus Qhia Txaus
Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum tsis muaj kev lag luam los yog nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo uas yuav raug txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txaus siab.
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