Abstract
Kom paub meej thiab ntaus nqi ntawm kev ua si ntawm kev ua si video (VGV) rau kev coj cwj pwm, peb tau ua ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav txhua yam kev tshawb fawb rau hnub uas ntsuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kis mus rau VGV thiab tom qab lub cev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav nrhiav pom 24 cov kev tshawb fawb nrog ntau 17,000 cov neeg koom thiab lub sij hawm raug suav txij 3 lub hlis mus rau 4 xyoo. Cov kev kuaj ntawd muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg muaj hnub nyoog los ntawm 9 rau 19 xyoo. Rau txhua txoj kev tshawb nrhiav peb tau txais cov txheej txheem kev tswj nrawm rau kev pom zoo ntawm VGV rau tom qab kev ua phem, kev tswj hwm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua pib. VGV tau txhawj txog kev siv dag zog [β = 0.113, 95% CI = (0.098, 0.128)] thiab cov qauv teeb meem tsis zoo [β = 0.106 (0.078, 0.134)]. Thaum txhua tus muaj covariates raug tso, qhov loj ntawm cov nyhuv tseem ceeb rau ob qho qauv [β = 0.080 (0.065, 0.094) thiab β = 0.078 (0.053, 0.102), feem ntau]. Tsis muaj cov pov thawj ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj cai. Haiv neeg yog ib tus neeg tseem ceeb rau cov qauv siv rau cov qauv siv kho mob (P ≤ 0.011), tiam sis tsis yog rau cov qauv siv rau kev teeb tsa. Stratified analyzes qhia cov nyhuv ntawm cov Whites, Intermediate ntawm Asians, thiab tsis txawv ntawm Hispanics. Kev sib tham tsom xyuas rau qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev tshawb pom rau kev sib cav sib ceg tam sim no hais txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua video ua si ntawm kev sib ntaus.
Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tsim dua cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video thiab kev ua phem (1-4). Whereas feem coob ntawm cov neeg uas ua kev tshawb fawb txog lub ntsiab lus no tawm tsam tias kev ua si xws li kev ua si nce qib cwj pwm, ib cov neeg tsawg hais lus sib cav hais tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib tw ua si thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshaj tawm thiab qhov phem tshaj plaws. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Hauv 2011, Tebchaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Hais Plaub tau tsim Tsoomfwv Caledonias tau txiav txim siab txwv tsis pub yuav khoom thiab kev qiv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si los ntawm cov menyuam yaus (5). Feem ntau cov lus xav tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si, ua kom lawv "tsis ua teeb meem" (5).
Violent Video Game Play and Aggression
Cov ntaub ntawv uas ua kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si ua kom muaj kev cwj pwm zoo tau raug yuam los ntawm Anderson et al. (6; saib kuj refs. 7 thiab 8). Tshwj xeeb, cov neeg sau phau ntawv no tau pom zoo txog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si rau ntawm 6 yam kev txhawj xeeb: kev paub, kev cuam tshuam, kev xav, kev xav paub txog kev ua phem, kev coj cwj pwm phem, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm. Cov metanalysis soj ntsuam teebmeem los ntawm ntau 130 tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv raws li dhau cov neeg 130,000. Raws li cov kev soj ntsuam no, cov sau phau ntawv xaus lus tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua si yog qhov zoo rau kev coj cwj pwm, txhoj puab heev, thiab cuam tshuam, thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab rau cov neeg raug kev tsim txom thiab nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov sau phau ntawv xaus hais tias cov teebmeem no muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv kev sim, kev sib tshuam, thiab kev kawm ntev, cov kev cai, cov poj niam, thiab cov kev ua si (xws li, thawj tus neeg thiab lwm tus neeg qhov kev xav, tib neeg thiab lwm tus neeg lub hom phiaj; tawm), thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tau tawm los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsim loj. Ib qho kev sib tham tsis ntev los no los ntawm Greitemeyer thiab Mügge (9) tuaj rau cov lus xaus zoo li no.
Txawm tias hailed los ntawm qee yam raws li cov lus xaus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev ua si video thiab kev ua phem (7), Anderson et al. (6) metanalysis tsis txo cov kev tsis ntseeg ntawm ib pawg neeg tsawg ntawm kev soj ntsuam (10). Hauv ntau cov khoom, Ferguson (2, 11-16) tau tuav plaub lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb kom pom tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video (VGV) tsub kom muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv lub ntiaj teb: (i) ntau cov kev tshawb fawb uas txhawb txoj kev txuas xws li "tsis muaj kev sib ntxub" (piv txwv li, kev nkag siab ntawm cov lus sib cav sib ceg, kev chim siab ntsig txog kev sib raug zoo) uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas; (ii) ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tsis suav cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tswj thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov kev pom muaj txiaj ntsim yuav yog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb qhov thib peb; (iii) muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau luam tawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev txhawb nqa VGV → kev sib ntaus sib tua raws li tsis tau tawm tsam cov neeg ceeb toom cov nyhuv; thiab (iv) txawm tias ib tug lees txais lub neej ntawm VGV → kev sib ntaus sib tua, kwv yees li ntawm kev loj me me feem ntau tau tshaj tawm yog tsis muaj zog heev. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov lus sib cav no tau raug kev txhawb zog los ntawm Anderson thiab nws cov npoj yaig (8), Ferguson thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm lawv txoj cai (2, 15, 17, 18). Nrog rau kev sib fim los ntawm Critiques tsa los ntawm Ferguson et al. (19-21), nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog tias cov neeg soj ntsuam no tau tshawb peb txoj kev tshawb kawm ntev uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video thiab kev sib ntaus. Lawv ntaus nqi cov ntsiab lus no: (i) siv cov kev ntsuas ntawm "loj" aggression (piv txwv li, kev sib ntaus ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv), thiab (ii) nrog rau kev tswj xyuas cov kev cai.
Haivneeg thiab Ua Si Ua Si
Muaj qee cov povthawj tshwm sim los txhawb qhov tseemceeb ntawm haivneeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua mus rau VigVig nrho cov teebmeem. Anderson li al. (6) tau sau tseg hauv lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev coj cwj pwm hauv cov qauv ntev ntev uas cov nyhuv VGV loj dua nyob hauv Western tshaj cov kev cai Asmeskas sab hnub tuaj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (P = 0.07). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov kev sib piv no txawv txav nrog kev hloov ntawm kev tshawb fawb, xws li "nws tsis paub tias qhov txawv ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog vim muaj kev txawv txav ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog siv ntau yam kev ntsuas" (6).
Lub peev xwm ntawm haiv neeg mus rau ib nrab ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua si hauv kev ua si hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua los ntawm Ferguson (15) nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej metaanalysis. Nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawd, Ferguson tau pom ib txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib tw ua video thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb siv thaj qauv, tab sis qhov kev sib raug zoo no tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas siv Asian lossis Hispanic samples. Vim tias cov kev tshawb nrhiav tau los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev ntsuas tau los ntawm txhua qhov kev ua si yees duab (tsis yog tsom txog kev ua si sib ntaus), cov ntsiab lus yuav tsis tham nrog cov lus nug txog VGV cov teebmeem, tab sis lawv txhawb kev saib ntawm haiv neeg raws li tus thawj coj ntawm txhoj puab heev.
Metaanalysis ntawm Longitudinal Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog VGV thiab Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm Cuam Tshuam
Qhov kev rov ntsuam xyuas tam sim no yuav tsum ua raws li plaub nqe lus hais saum toj no uas tau tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo ntawm VGV thiab kev ua phem, thiab rov soj ntsuam cov pov thawj rau haiv neeg ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev sib raug zoo no. Hauv kev saib xyuas cov ntawv nyeem peb tsom ntsoov rau yam peb xav tau los ntawm kev muab kev sib tw thiab kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua → kev ua phem rau kev sib cav sib ceg: qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev tshawb xyuas kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si hauv ib lub sij hawm nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tom ntej taw tes rau hauv lub sij hawm, thaum lubarying ua ntej aggression. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob thuam lwm tus kev sib thuam uas lwm yam kev ua rau kev sib cav sib ceg dag ntxig li qhov pom tshwm hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Los ntawm kev tsim ib lub metanalysis, peb tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov nruab nrab loj, kev cia siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev heterogeneity ntawm cov teebmeem hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov no cia peb kuaj xyuas qhov uas qhov kev kwv yees ntawd sib txawv li ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm (i) cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab (ii) haiv neeg / haiv neeg ntawm tus neeg koom. Thaum kawg, peb saib cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj kev siv ntau txoj kev.
txoj kev
Tshawb nrhiav thiab xaiv.
Peb tau tshawb cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob hauv PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, thiab ERIC siv ob peb lo lus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua si video game (video gam * YOG videogam * TSIS MUAJ computer gaming * OR computer hauv *), longitudinal designs (longitudinal OR prospective), thiab tus cwj pwm nruj nruj (aggressive * LOSSIS ua txhaum cai * LOSSIS cov lus qhuab qhia *). Kev tshawb nrhiav nrog cov xwm txheej luam tawm mus txog Plaub Hlis 1, 2017. Cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm txhua lub teb chaws tau tsim nyog rau kev muab tso ua ke, thiab cov uas luam tawm ua lwm hom lus tsis yog lus Askiv tau txais kev pabcuam tshwj tsis yog lawv txhais ua lus Askiv. Cov khoom, cov ntawv sau, thiab cov phau ntawv tshooj tau tsim nyog rau kev muab xam nrog rau seb lawv puas tau luam tawm lossis tsis tshaj tawm.
Yuav kom tsim nyog rau kev nkag rau hauv metanalysis, cov kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ntsuas los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua video kev ua si thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ib qho tib si rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab ntsuas kev sib ntaus ntawm tsawg 3 wk tom qab. Vim tias txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov paj xyeem yog hais txog kev ua si nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tsausmuag lossis paub tab, cov kev tshawb fawb raug tshem tawm yog tias lawv suav tag nrho cov kev ua si video raug (tsis txhob raug kev sib ntaus sib tua) xov xwm tsis yog video games. Tsuas yog cov kev tshawb fawb uas ntsuas lub ntiaj teb, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ntau tshaj tawm, raws li qhov kev xav tias kev ua si hauv video kev ntxim ntxaug hauv cognition (xws li, tus cwj pwm, kev ntxub ntxaug), kev xav (xws li, kev ua siab phem, kev xav tsis zoo), kev xav (piv txwv, empathic kev txhawj xeeb), thiab kev coj noj coj ua yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li lawv tau hais txog kev xav ntawm lub hlwb uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm pabcuam rau kev coj tus cwjpwm. Kev qhia tawm ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus cwj pwm coj tau ua raws li kev txhawj xeeb, xws li cov ntsiab lus tau muab los ntawm niam txiv, cov xib fwb, los yog cov phooj ywg. Cov ntawv ceeb toom siv cov kev xav ntawm hypothetical thiab cov lus ceeb toom txwv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau suav hais tias yog qhov ntsuas. Thaum kawg, qhov kev tshawb no tau txwv rau longitudinal designs, muab lawv lub zog los txo cov kev plausibility ntawm nrauj-causality. Txawm tias txwv tsis pub muaj kev tshawb xyuas txog kev ua neej nyob ntev hauv ntiaj teb, kev sib ntau ntawm lub cev tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov qauv kev sim, nws tshem tawm ntawm kev sim cov kev sim uas muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kev coj cwj pwm xwb. Txhua pawg ntawm cov neeg sau npe rau cov kev tshawb fawb tau raug xa mus nug raws li tej ntaub ntawv lawv yuav muaj txog lwm cov ntawv luam los yog tsis ntev los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua si video thiab kev ua phem.
Rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb, kev siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev siv loj yog siv tus qauv coefficient nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video thiab tom qab lub cev kev ua phem, xam thaum suav nrog kev ua phem dhau los ua ib tusariariate. Qhov kev kwv yees no tau zoo dua li xoom-xev yuam kev vim tias nws yuav zoo dua qub nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev txaus siab, xws li qhov sib txuas ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev sib ntaus sib tua video thiab tom qab hloov hauv kev ua phem, uas yuav tsum tau ua ntej qhov kev raug tsim txom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tshawb xyuas nrog cov kev tshawb fawb ntau tshaj li kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si ua si thiab ua ntej lawv raug kev tsim txom, peb tau hu txhua tus pab neeg tshawb fawb thiab tau thov kom lawv muab peb nrog cov qauv kev sib thooj coefficient nrog lub hauv paus kev sib tw ua si video thaum siv los kwv yees tom ntej kev sib ntaus ntawm lub cev thaum muaj lub siab: (i) lub cev quab yuam lub cev tsuas yog thiab (ii) pib lub cev kev ua phem thiab poj niam txiv neej.
Ntsuas Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Peb kwv yees tag nrho cov teebmeem thiab heterogeneity nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv loj siv ob qhov teebmeem tsau thiab cov qauv teebmeem metaanalytic. Peb mam sim seb puas muaj qee qhov kev pom zoo nyob ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm peb lub hauv paus ntawm peb yam kev tshawb nrhiav: feem coob ntawm cov haiv neeg, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom hauv kev kawm, thiab lub sijhawm ntev los ntsuas kev raug mob. Thaum kawg, peb tau ua cov ntawv tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav hauv qab no. Peb siv ob qho SPSS v20 thiab R pob "meta"22) kom muaj kev sibtham rau cov neeg tuaj ua haujlwm thiab kev tshaj tawm kev sibtham.
tau
Cov Ntawv Tshawb Nrhiav Ntaub Ntawv.
Thaum kawg, peb qhov tshawb pom 24 cov kev tshawb fawb (19-21, 23-40) (rooj 1), uas tsuas 5 tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov metanalysis ua ntej los ntawm Anderson et al. (6) thiab 8 uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tham dhau los ntawm Greitemeyer thiab Mügge (9). Cov kev tshawb fawb no suav nrog 17,000 cov neeg koom los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws (Austria, Canada, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nyiv, Malaysia, Netherlands, Singapore, thiab Tebchaws Meskas). Cov neeg koom rau 'cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 8.9 mus rau 19.3 y, thiab cov sij hawm longitudinal ranged ntawm 3 mo kom dhau 4 y. Cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau ntsuas cov kev ua si hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub sij hawm thiab tom qab ntawd siv ob qho kev ntsuas los kwv yees tom hauv ntej rau tus cwj pwm kev nruam (ib qho kev ntsuas los sis kev ua qauv ntawm tus qauv) thaum nrog ntau yam kev tswj covariates. Tag nrho cov kev tshawb nrhiav raug rau kev sib ntaus sib tua video games es tsis txhob sim ua qhov sib tw ua yees duab.
Cov lus 1.
Longitudinal cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm VGV thiab aggression
| sau phau ntawv | xyoo | Tebchaws | Thawj Coj tus thawj coj | Kev ua kom lub cev raug mob | n | Nruab nrab hnub nyoog T1* | Lag (xyoo) | Covariates tsis yog Initial Aggression | ||
| tsis muaj leej twg | Tub los ntxhais | Tag nrho | ||||||||
| Adachi thiab Willoughby (23) | 2016 | Canadian | Dawb | Ua ncaj nraim rau lub cev (lub cev thiab hais lus) | 1,132 | 19.1 | 1.0 | 0.136 | 0.077 | 0.076 |
| Anderson li al. (24)† | 2008 | Japanese | Neeg Esxias | Kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog nplua nuj | 181 | ~ 13.5 | 0.3 | 0.144 | 0.139 | 0.139 |
| Anderson li al. (24)† | 2008 | Japanese | Neeg Esxias | Kev sib ntaus ntawm lub cev dhau los | 1,050 | ~ 15.5 | 0.3-0.5 | 0.115 | 0.075 | 0.075 |
| Anderson li al. (24)† | 2008 | American | Dawb | Index ntawm xib fwb, phooj ywg, thiab tus kheej-qhia, xyoo kawm ntawv tam sim no | 364 | ~ 10.5 | 0.5 | 0.167 | 0.158 | 0.158 |
| Breuer li al. (25) | 2015 | German | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, ob yam khoom) | 140 | 16 | 1.0 | -0.151 | -0.159 | -0.159 |
| Breuer li al. (25) | 2015 | German | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, ob yam khoom) | 136 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 0.078 | 0.070 | 0.070 |
| Bucolo (26) | 2010 | American | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, tsib yam) | 648 | 13.4 | 1.5 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Ferguson (19)‡ | 2011 | American | Hispanic | Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Qhia, kev ua phem, tus me nyuam (YSRAC) | 302 | 12.3 | 1.0 | 0.035 | 0.011 | -0.030 |
| Ferguson li al. (21)‡ | 2012 | American | Hispanic | Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Qhia, kev ua phem, tus me nyuam (YSRAC) | 165 | 12.3 | 3.0 | -0.068 | -0.016 | 0.030 |
| Ferguson li al. (20)‡ | 2013 | American | Hispanic | Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Me Nyuam Qhia, kev ua phem, tus me nyuam (YSRAC) | 143 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 0.069 | 0.044 | 0.100 |
| Fikkers li al. (27) | 2016 | Dutch | Dawb | Lub cev kev ua phem | 943 | 11.8 | 1.0 | 0.180 | 0.126 | 0.126 |
| Gentile li al. (28) | 2009 | American | Dawb | Qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus xibfwb kev ntaus nqi ntawm kev sib ntaus | 865 | 9.6 | 1.1 | 0.112 | 0.089 | 0.089 |
| Gentile li al. (29) | 2014 | Singapore | Neeg Esxias | Rau rau yam tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev ua phem | 2,029 | 12.2 | 1.0 | 0.065 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
| Greitemeyer thiab Sagiogluo (30) | 2017 | American | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, ob yam khoom) | 743 | 0.5 | 0.032 | 0.024 | 0.021 | |
| Hirtenlehner thiab Strohmeier (31) | 2015 | Austrian | Dawb | Kev ua nruj ua tsiv | 371 | 11.5 | 1.0 | 0.190 | 0.13 | 0.140 |
| Hopf, li al. (32) | 2008 | German | Dawb | Tus Tub Ntxhais Kawm "kev kub ntxhov | 314 | 12 | 2.7 | -§ | -§ | 0.18 |
| Hull li al. (33) | 2014 | American | Dawb | Ntaus cov tswvcuab uas tsis muaj npe, xa rau tsev kawm ntawv chaw ua haujlwm rau kev sib ntaus | 2,723 | 13.8 | 0.8 | 0.097 | 0.088 | 0.075 |
| Zam Txim 1 | Dawb | 1,831 | 0.103 | 0.100 | 0.085 | |||||
| Zam Txim 2 | Hispanic | 442 | 0.062 | 0.034 | 0.024 | |||||
| Zam Txim 3 | Neeg Esxias | 49 | -0.098 | -0.097 | -0.040 | |||||
| Krahé li al. (34)‡ | 2012 | German | Dawb | Qhia txog nws tus kheej (tsib yam khoom) thiab xibfwb qhia ntawv (ib yam khoom) ntawm kev ua phem rau lub cev | 1,715 | 13.4 | 1.1 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Lemmens li al. (35)‡ | 2011 | Dutch | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, xya yam) | 540 | 13.9 | 0.5 | 0.09 | -§ | 0.09 |
| Möller thiab Krahé (36)†,‡ | 2009 | German | Dawb | Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Thab Plaub Rau Buss & Perry (lub cev, xya yam) | 143 | 13.3 | 2.5 | 0.275 | 0.213 | 0.213 |
| Shibuya li al. (37)† | 2008 | Japanese | Neeg Esxias | Cov lus nug txhob txwm ua Buss & Perry Aggression (lub cev, rau khoom) | 498 | ~ 10.5 | 0.9 | 0.072 | -0.001¶ | -0.001 |
| Staude-Müller (38) | 2011 | German | Dawb | "Kev ua kom yuam kev" | 472 | 13.7 | 1.0 | 0.046 | 0.028 | -0.020 |
| von Salisch li al. (39)‡ | 2011 | German | Dawb | Peer nomination, tus xibfwb kev ntaus nqi: Tus leb sib txawv | 228 | 8.9 | 1.0 | -0.021 | -0.031 | -0.010 |
| Willoughby li al. (40)‡ | 2012 | Canadian | Dawb | Ncaj nraim kev ua phem (tshaj). Cov nyhuv thooj txuam nrog kev ua si phem kev ua si ua si 9-12 nrog kev nruj heev | 1,492 | 13.8 | 4.0 | 0.164 | 0.123 | 0.070 |
Lus Cim: von Salisch li al. (39) siv cov npe xaiv tsa thiab cov xib fwb cov kev sib tw los ntsuas kev ua phem; tag nrho lwm cov kev tshawb fawb nrog rau tus kheej tshaj tawm kev ntsuas ntawm kev ua phem.
rooj 1 sau txog cov kev coj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no, nrog rau cov neeg koom hauv haiv neeg thiab peb pawg neeg koom nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm peb thawj haiv neeg: Neeg Dawb, Hispanic, thiab Neeg Esxias. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rooj ntawv muaj cov lus piav qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev siv lub cev, cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov hauv paus, sij hawm mus rau kev txheeb xyuas ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm lub cev, thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab uas tsis muaj kev sib thuam uas tsis yog kev ua phem, thiab nrog rau txhua tus sib txawv nrog rau hauv daim ntawv qhia thawj.
Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tseem Ceeb.
Cov nyhuv-qhov ntsuas kwv yees siv tsuas yog kev ua lag luam autoregressive raws li ib covariariate.
Rau tag nrho tab sis ib qho ntawm cov datasets, peb muaj peev xwm muab kev kwv yees ntawm tus txheej txheem kev sib thooj coefficient ua ntej tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua video ua si nrog tom qab lub cev kev ua phem, covarying thawj lub cev kev ua phem (rooj 1). Ib qhov teeb meem tas los ntawm cov teeb meem metadalysis yielded tus nruab nrab coefficient ntawm β = 0.113, 95% CI = (0.098, 0.128), z = 14.815, P <0.001, thiab Q Q qauv sau, χ2(22) = 61.820, P <0.001, uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm heterogeneity. A Hedges – Vevea random-cuam tshuam metaanalysis tawm zoo sib xws rau cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas, β = 0.106, 95% CI = (0.078, 0.134), z = 7.462, P <0.001, thiab Q Q qauv sau, χ2(22) = 28.109, P = 0.172, qhia tias tsis muaj nuj nqis heterogeneity.
Cov nyhuv me me kwv yees siv autoregressive lag plus plusariariates.
Cov kev soj ntsuam tom ntej no tau tshawb xyuas tias qhov kwv yees txheeb tau muab kho rau txhua tus qauv uas siv hauv 24 cov ntsiab lus tau tshaj tawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom zoo tias qhov ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video tau sib txuas nrog qeeb zog hauv lub cev kev sib ntaus sib tua tswj kev ua ntej rau kev ua phem thiab tag nrho lwm covariariates.
Ib qhov teeb meem tas los ntawm cov teeb meem metadalysis yielded tus nruab nrab coefficient ntawm β = 0.080, 95% CI = (0.065, 0.094), z = 10.387, P <0.001, thiab Q Q qauv sau, χ2(23) = 50.556, P = 0.001 (qhia txog kev heterogeneity). Ib qho khoom plig-Vevea random-analysis tsom tawm tau zoo sib xws-qhov kev kwv yees zoo li cas, β = 0.078, 95% CI = (0.053, 0.102), z = 6.173, P <0.001, thiab Q Q qauv sau, χ2(23) = 27.404, P = 0.239, qhia tias tsis muaj nuj nqis heterogeneity. (Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev soj ntsuam uas muaj ob qho tib si autoregressive lag thiab poj niam txiv neej raws li tusariates poob ntawm kev kwv yees los ntawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas ob qho no.
Kev tshaj tawm txoj cai.
Peb ua peb qho kev soj ntsuam los ntsuam xyuas tau qhov kev tshaj tawm txoj kab lus, tsis muaj leej twg pom cov pov thawj rau qhov ntsuas tshaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntawv. Rosenthal tsis zoo n kwv yees tau pom tias qhov ntau ntawm 700 thov kev pom yuav tsim nyog yuav ua teeb meem rau kev txiav txim siab tias qhov kev sib raug zoo ntev muaj nyob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video thiab kev sib ntaus ntawm lub cev (kwv yees siv tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua autoregressive lag covariate, n = 1,334; kwv yees siv tag nrho covariariates, Fail-Safe n = 723). Lub Begg thiab Mazumdar (41) sib txheeb sib txuas -b yog nonsignificant rau ob qho tib si random-teeb qauv uas tsuas yog tso nrog lub lag luam autoregressive ntawm ua ntej kev sib ntaus, -b = -0.269, P = 0.072, thiab tus qauv uas muaj tag nrho covariariates, -b = -0.033, P = 0.823. Thaum kawg, ib lub tsheeb thiab sau kev txheeb (42, 43) siv rau cov ntaub ntawv no tsis ntxiv cov teebmeem rau qhov kev faib tawm, ib zaug dua ntawm cov tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm tsis pom.
Moderator Analyzes.
Yog xav paub txog cov tswv yim ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas no, peb tau ntsuam xyuas ntau yam kev ntsuam xyuas nrog peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus kheej: koom nrog haiv neeg, hnub nyoog, thiab lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua phem.
Haiv Neeg.
Moderator cov ntawv ntsuam xyuas tau muab los ntsuam xyuas rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm haiv neeg. Hauv tag nrho tab sis muaj ib kis, cov kev tshawb fawb tau raug categorized raws li cov haiv neeg coob ntawm cov qauv: White, Hispanic, los yog Asian (rooj 1). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Hull li al. (33) nws muaj peev xwm los xam cov txiaj ntsig qhov sib txawv ntawm nyias rau txhua qhov ntawm cov haiv neeg raws li ntawm txhua tus neeg koom ua nws tus kheej. Txawm hais tias tag nrho lwm cov kev ntsuam xyuas siv qhov kev cuam tshuam tag nrho ntawm qhov kev xam los ntawm Hull li al. tag nrho cov qauv (n = 2,723), tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov kev ntxim muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm haiv neeg es tsis txhob koom tes nrog cov kev sib txuam tshwj xeeb nrog rau peb ntawm Hull thiab al. subsamples: Dawb (n = 1,831), Neeg Mev (n = 442), thiab Asian / Pacific Islander (n = 49).
Ib qhov teebmeem tawm ntawm tus tswvcuab uas yog siv cov kev pabcuam hauv peb lub tebchaws rooj 1 ua ntawv thov rau qhov "autoregressive lag tsuas" kwv yees tau txais cov txiaj ntxim ua muaj txiaj ntsim loj, χ2(2) = 13.658, P = 0.001. Cov kev soj ntsuam sib txawv tau qhia tias cov nyhuv yog cov coob ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb, nrab ntawm cov neeg Esxias koom, thiab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm Hispanic cov neeg koom tes (saib Daim duab. 1 rau kev kwv yees hauv txhua pab pawg, ntxiv rau feem kwv yees raws li cov qauv kev tshawb fawb no). Cov teebmeem tsomxyuas tsom ntawm kev siv ob haiv neeg ntawm haiv neeg Hispanic thiab non-Hispanic kuj yielded tseem ceeb moderator nyhuv,2(1) = 6.820, P = 0.009. Ob qho tib si tus qauv siv rau kev sib piv kev sib piv ntawm peb haiv neeg thiab kev sib piv sib txawv ntawm Hispanic thiab non-Hispanic cov qauv mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, [χ]2(2) = 5.125, P = 0.077, thiab χ2(1) = 3.745, P = 0.053, feem ntau].
Standardized regression coefficients (β) sib tham txog kev sib ntaus sib tua kev ua si video nrog tom qab lub cev kev ua phem xws li autoregressive lag rau aggression thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv xaiv rau haiv neeg tswj xyuas kev ntsuam xyuas. Kwv yees cov nyhuv loj npaum li cas β (ES; square) thiab 95% kev cog qoob loo (CI; kab) qhia txog tag nrho cov teebmeem uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov metanalysis (19-21, 23-31, 33-40). Diamonds sawv cev metaanalytically weighted txhais β. Qhov hnyav feem pua ntawm cov teebmeem thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qauv siv tau yog sau tias W (txhim kho) thiab W (rand), feem. Rau cov kev tshawb fawb nrog ntau cov qauv ywj siab, qhov tshwm sim rau txhua tus qauv raug qhia tawm nyias thiab xaj 1, 2, lossis 3.
Ib qhov teebmeem tawm ntawm kev tsom xam uas siv peb pawg haiv neeg siv rau "txhua qhov kev sib tw" kwv yees ib qho kev hloov loj dua,2(2) = 9.059, P = 0.011, ntawm tib daim ntawv raws li pom yav tas los. Hauv qhov no, tsis yog qhov teebmeem kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm cov haiv neeg, χ2(2) = 3.915, P = 0.141, los sis tsis yog Hispanic thiab non-Hispanic sib piv, χ2 (1) = 2.280, P = 0.131, ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb.
Sij hawm lag
Ib qhov teebmeem tsomxyuas tsom siv ntawm peb lub sijhawm ua haujlwm (tsawg dua 1 y, 1 y, ntau tshaj 1 y) siv rau "autoregressive lag tsuas" kwv yees ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev coj ua,2(2) = 14.218, P <0.001. Cov tshuaj ntsuam cais sib txawv tau qhia tias cov nyhuv loj tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb nrog kev lag luam ntev tshaj li 1 y, β = 0.157, 95% CI = (0.130, 0.184), z = 11.220, P <0.001, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb me me uas muaj kev lag luam sib npaug nrog 1 y, β = 0.094, 95% CI = (0.069, 0.120), z = 7.243, P <0.001, lossis tsawg dua 1 y, β = 0.095, 95% CI = (0.070, 0.120), z = 7.441, P <0.001. Kev tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem random-effect tsis ua tiav cov theem ntawm cov tseem ceeb, xws li2(2) = 4.001, P = 0.135.
Hnub nyoog.
Ib qhov teebmeem tawm ntawm tus qauv uas siv ob lub hnub nyoog (hnub nyoog 12 thiab cov hnub nyoog, hnub nyoog 13 thiab laus dua) tau txais kev tawm tsam rau cov kev coj noj coj ua uas tseem ceeb,2(1) = 3.788, P = 0.052. Cov kev soj ntsuam sib txawv qhia tias qhov tshwm sim ntawd me ntsis loj dua hauv kev tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam cov teebmeem ntawm cov menyuam loj, β = 0.128, 95% CI = (0.109, 0.147), z = 13.119, P <0.001, dua li cov uas muaj menyuam yau, β = 0.097, 95% CI = (0.072, 0.122), z = 7.456, P <0.001. Kev tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem random-effect tsis ua tiav cov theem ntawm cov tseem ceeb, xws li2(1) = 0.982, P = 0.322.
kev sib tham
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab faib rau cov lus nug txog seb puas los yog tsis ntaus cov kev ua si sib ntaus sib tua sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev sib txuas ntxiv tom qab hauv kev sib ntaus. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav sib ceg rau lub koom haum no, cov neeg tsis muaj suab npe tau hais tias cov pov thawj uas muaj pov thawj muaj ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg. Peb cov lus tau hais txog peb ntawm plaub yam kev thuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg no tau ua yav dhau los.
Ua ntej, los mus hais txog kev thuam tias ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau siv los ua "tsis muaj zog" cov kev ua phem (xws li kev sib cav sib ceg los yog cuam tshuam), peb txwv peb cov kev xav rau kev tshawb fawb uas ntsuas cov kev hloov hauv kev tawm dag zog, kev ua phem ntawm lub hlis los yog xyoo. Peb cov kev tshwm sim tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb ntev nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntev txawm tias thaum tswj rau theem ntawm lub cev ntawm kev sib ntaus, tawm tswv yim hais tias cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video sib txuas mus rau kev muaj txiaj ntsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Thib ob, los sib cav sib ceg uas kwv yees ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim no tau ua raws li qhov tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm kev tswj xyuas, peb tau tshawb xyuas peb ua ntej nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua pib raws li ib qho kev sib txawv thiab dua nrog tag nrho cov kev ntsuas tawm hauv txhua txoj kev tshawb fawb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau muab xam nrog rau covariariates zoo nkaus li muaj feem xyuam me me rau ntawm lub koom haum kwv yees ntawm kev ua si quab yuam thiab kev ua phem. Tseeb tiag, rau ob qhov kev tshawb xyuas peb tau qhia los ntawm Ferguson et al. (20, 21), suav nrog lawv nyiam covariariates me ntsis nce tus me me ntawm lub koom haum (rooj 1).
Thib peb, txawm tias cov metavis uas twb muaj lawm tau raug thuam vim tias tsis ua raws li qhov peev xwm rau kev tshaj tawm, peb tsis muaj pov thawj tias cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev tsis pom los sis tsis zoo los ntawm kev sau ntawv, txawm tias siv peb qhov kev soj ntsuam sib txawv los soj ntsuam kev tshaj tawm. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov kev tshawb xyuas kev tshawb fawb siv los txog ntawm qhov kev pom zoo no tau pom hais tias muaj cov kev ua tiav zoo: cov txheej txheem trim-and- fill muaj zog tab sis muaj ntau hom kev ua yuam kev tsawg, qhov Begg thiab Mazumdar qhov kev sib txheeb sib xyaw nrog kev qis zog yields zoo tsis muaj yam kuv yuam kev (44). Qhov tseeb hais tias ob qho tib si ntawm cov kev xeem no ncav cuag tib lub xaus kev pom zoo hais tias cov txiaj ntsig tau txhim khu kev ntseeg.
Nrog rau qhov kev thuam thib plaub, xav txog qhov loj ntawm cov teebmeem no, peb cov metanalysis tau tsim ib qhov kev lojhlob me me ntawm ≈0.11 thaum tsis pom ntxiv covariates. Ferguson thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau sau tseg hais tias qhov regression coefficient ntawm 0.10 yog txuam nrog 1% ntawm qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab xaus lus tias qhov no yog me me ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus neeg hais tias qhov kev sib txig sib txig sib luag ntawm tus kheej tsis tshua muaj qhov tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev phom sij los ntawm kev kwv yees li ntawm kev pheej hmoo (1, 45). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Rosenthal (45) sib cav tias kev tso siab rau r2 qhov tseem ceeb los txhais tau qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog qhov teeb meem hauv kev kawm txog cov kev coj noj coj ua, xws li kev ua phem, hais tias "peb lub peev xwm los twv thiab tswj kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis yog txhua yam tsis tseem ceeb, r2tau txais nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb "(45). Txawm hais tias ib tus neeg txhais cov lus txhais ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov tshwm sim muaj txiaj ntsim zoo, txhim khu kev cuam tshuam zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Txawm hais tias peb txoj kev tshawb no txhawb kev tsis pom los ntawm cov kev xav ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm VGV thiab kev ua phem, peb cov qhab-nees muab tau lwm txoj kev piav qhia rau cov kev txiav txim siab tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud ntawm kev sib cav. Tshwj xeeb, peb nrhiav tau cov pov thawj tias qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm VGV rau kev ua phem yog tswj xyuas los ntawm cov qauv haiv neeg, nrog cov neeg koom ua yeeb yam uas pom tias cov nyom tshaj thiab Hispanic cov neeg koom tsis muaj teebmeem loj. Cov teebmeem rau Esxias cov neeg koom rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg rau lwm pawg ob leeg.
Tseem hais tias qhov teebmeem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua raug tswj los ntawm haiv neeg tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv kev sib tw dhau los ntawm Anderson et al. (6) uas tau suav nrog Western thiab Esxias (tiam sis tsis yog Hispanic). Tib lub sij hawm, cov sau phau ntawv pom tau tias: (i) qhov kev ntxim ntxhov ntawm cov haiv neeg tsuas yog nce raws li qib qis ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab (ii) tsis tuaj yeem raug kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm kev sib txawv hauv kev tshawb fawb. Tom qab metanalysis los ntawm Ferguson (15) replicated thiab txuas ntxiv qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev qhia tias kev ua si video teebmeem tshwm sim ntawm cov tiam sis tsis yog Asian lossis Hispanic samples. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias cov neeg soj ntsuam cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm txhua hom kev tsim (xws li cov neeg tsis muaj vaj huam sib luag) thiab tsis xav txog cov kev ua si (kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua phem) hauv kev tshawb fawb 'kev ua si hauv kev ua si' video game measurements, cov ntsiab lus tsis hais ncaj qha mus rau lo lus nug ntawm VGV los hla lub sijhawm.
Hauv kev sib piv, tam sim no metaanalysis npaj rau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev ua si video uas siv cov longitudinal designs thiab nthuav raws li qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm Anderson et al. (6) los ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb kawm ntev los ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab los ntawm kev sib txawv Hispanic ntxiv rau Cov Neeg Dawb thiab Esxias cov qauv. Peb cov qhab-nees pom tau tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov haiv neeg (xws li kev siv cov sijhawm ua haujlwm), xws li cov koomhaum uas muaj zog tshaj ntawm cov Sam dawb, ib lub koom haum Intermediate rau Asian Essences, thiab ib lub koomhaum me-me, cov koomhaum uas yog Hispanic. Hais tias, muab cov kev tshawb fawb me me nrog Hispanic cov qauv, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pejxeem no yog xav tau meej meej ua ntej txiav txim siab txog cov kev ua phem ntawm kev ua si ntawm pawg no.
Txawm hais tias qhov txawv ntawm cov haiv neeg sib txawv, cov lus nug tseem nyob rau hauv vim li cas haiv neeg muaj peev xwm tswj cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si ntawm kev coj cwj pwm. Anderson li al. (6) tsim tawm tsib lub hauv paus ntsis vim xav kom ntau me me rau hauv cov Eastern sab hnub tuaj dua li cov neeg hauv Western. Tshwj xeeb, lawv sib tham txog kab lig kev cai ntawm: (i) kev ua phem li cas hauv cov ntawv xov xwm; (ii) raws li cov neeg uas tuaj koom rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ua; (iii) lub ntsiab lus, kev paub, thiab kev ua tus cwj pwm txawv; (iv) cov ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem-ntiav uas cov kev ua si hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab raug ntaus; thiab (v) cov kev tes hauj lwm ntawm gamers. Vim li no, peb xav ntxiv qhov txawv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tus neeg ua txhaum thiab tus neeg raug kev tsim txom. Ntawm qhov kev xav no, cov kev coj noj coj ua uas txhawb kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ntxhov siab rau cov neeg raug tsim txom muaj peev xwm txo cov teebmeem kev ua si ua si los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev xav ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm lawv qhov kev ua phem thiab lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam rau lawv tus kheej kev coj thiab kev coj ua tiag tiag. Kev hloov dua siab tshiab, kev coj noj coj ua uas ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab muaj lub siab zoo li kev xav yuav ua rau cov tib neeg paub txog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg dag zog thiab kev mob siab rau lawv cov neeg dag zog, nrog rau cov kev coj thiab tus cwj pwm sab nraud.
Kev fwm ib tus account ntawm haiv neeg-raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm VGV rau aggression pom nyob rau hauv cov metanalysis tam sim no, Anderson et al. (6) pom tias cov kab lis kev cai ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev ua si hauv kev ua si rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ntxhov siab xws li cov neeg tuaj koom nrog Western cov kev pom zoo tshaj qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev txo hwj chim dua li cov neeg tuaj ntawm Eastern cov hnub nyoog. Kev tshawb pom los ntawm Ramos et al. (46) hais tias, zoo ib yam li cov neeg ntawm Eastern haiv neeg, Hispanic cov neeg tuaj koom yuav saib xyuas kom muaj kev khav theem rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thaum muaj kev tawm tsam txog kev ua phem. Nrog rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev poob siab ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm VGV rau tom qab kev sib ntxub, Bartholow li al. (47) pom tau hais tias muaj kev sib haumxeeb tau los ntawm VGV rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sim qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov kev ntxhov siab rau tus neeg raug tsim txom VGV tuaj yeem txo quab yuam ntxiv tom qab, txhawj xeeb rau cov neeg txhaum cai tau nce ntxiv tom qab raug kev kub ntxhov los ntawm kev txhawb nqa txoj cai ntawm lawv tus kheej (xws li, refs. 48 thiab 49). Obviously, txawm hais tias peb tus account muaj ntau yam los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ua ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tus neeg tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm haiv neeg ntawm kev ua phem rau hauv cov metanalysis.
xaus
Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub rooj sib tham no, peb xaus tias kev ua si kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si yog sib txuas nrog ntau dua ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub cev dhau lub sijhawm, tom qab txhawm rau kev sib ntaus ua ntej. Cov kev tshawb pom no txhawb cov lus hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua si video yog ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua phem rau lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus tau hais txog peb yam kev thuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no los ntawm kev qhia: (i) qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua si yog kev txuam nrog kev ntsuas ntawm kev ua rau tus cwj pwm loj heev (piv txwv li, tshaj tawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua), (ii) uas kwv yees ntawm cov nyhuv no tsuas yog txo me ntsis los ntawm kev xam nrog ntawm cov neeg nyiam kev ua num, thiab (iii) los ntawm kev nrhiav tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv qhia txog VGV cov nyom ntawm kev sib ntxub yuav raug tswj xyuas los ntawm cov qauv haiv neeg xws li tias nws yog qhov feem ntau tau pom ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb, tsis tshua pom zoo tab sis pom zoo ntawm cov neeg Esxias cov neeg tuaj koom, thiab tsis koom nrog Hispanic koom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov sijhawm ntev los ntawm kev lag luam tuaj yeem txuam nrog cov teebmeem loj, kev tshawb pom raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv multiwave (xws li, ref. 33).
Hauv kev xav, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm peb cov kev xav tau ua rau cov teeb meem loj rau ntau cov kev thuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txuas cov VGV thiab kev ua kom raug mob, thiab lawv muab cov lus piav qhia yooj yim rau cov neeg tshawb pom ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam sib cav. Peb vam tias cov kev tshawb pom no yuav pab teb rau yav dhau los lo lus nug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nce siab, thiab rau cov lus nug txog vim li cas, thaum twg, thiab rau leej twg lawv muaj qhov teeb meem no.
Tshooj ntawv
Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj teebmeem dabtsi.
Tsab ntawv no yog PNAS Ncauj Lus Xa Mus.
Daim ntawv no tau los ntawm Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium ntawm National Academy of Sciences, "Digital Media thiab Developing Minds," lub kaum hli 14-16, 2015, ntawm Arnold thiab Mabel Beckman Center ntawm National Academies of Sciences thiab Engineering hauv Irvine , CA. Qhov kev pabcuam tiav thiab kev kaw video ntawm feem ntau cov lus qhia muaj nyob rau ntawm NAS lub website ntawm www.nasonline.org/Digital_Media_and_Developing_Minds.
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