Kev ntseeg thiab Kev Siv Txoj Cai ntawm Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Kev Sib Tham Hauv Internet ntawm Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Qib Siab (2013).

J Kauslim Med Sci. 2013 Tej zaum; 28 (5): 763-8. doi: 10.3346 / jkms.2013.28.5.763. Epub 2013 Tej zaum 2.

Lee K, Lee HK, Gyeong H, Yu B, Nkauj YM, Kim D.

Tau qhov twg los

Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital, Gongju, Kauslim teb.

Abstract

Peb tau tsim ib phau ntawv txhais lus rau Kauslis Internet yees Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (KIAT), siv ntau tus kheej qhia rau internet yees thiab tau sim nws qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev siv tau nyob hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab. Ob puas xya caum cuaj tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv teb chaws tiav KIAT. Sab hauv ua ke thiab ob lub limtiam daim ntawv rov tuaj-kev xeem tau raug muab xam los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tus thawj xibfwb cov tshooj cai raug tshawb xyuas. Cov neeg koom kuj ua tiav qhov Internet yees Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ), lub Kauslim Teb Internet yees nplai (K-nplai), thiab Tus Neeg Mob Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Cov Lus Nug-9 txog tus qauv uas siv tau. Cronbach's alpha ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuas yog 0.91, thiab kev sim-rov ntsuas kev ntseeg tau kuj tau zoo (r = 0.73). IADQ, K-nplai, thiab cov tsos mob depressive tau cuam tshuam heev nrog cov qhab nia KIAT, qhia ua ke thiab hloov ua qhov siv tau. Lub ntsiab lus txheeb xyuas tau muab plaub yam tseem ceeb (Siv ntau dhau, Tuav, Rho, thiab Zam ntawm qhov tseeb) uas suav txog 59% ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib txawv. KIAT muaj qhov zoo nyob nrog sab hauv thiab qhov kev sim siab-rov tso siab dua. Tsis tas li, cov qauv ntsuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau qhia pom tias KIAT piv rau tus qauv qub. Yog li, KIAT yog lub tswv yim suab los ntsuas rau kev txheeb xyuas internet yees nyob rau hauv cov neeg Kauslim hais lus.

keywords: Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet, Kev ntseeg, Kev ruaj nrees, Internet Kev Txom Nyem, Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Tshawb Xyuas.

TAW qHIA

Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog ib qho chaw kho mob tshiab uas txhais tias yog ib qho kev siv internet ntawm kev siv ua cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj los yog kev nyuaj siab rau cov tib neeg (1). Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav txog kev siv internet tsis muaj nyob rau hauv, tiam sis, thiab qhov teeb meem no tau raug xam tias yog kev tsis sib haum tswj kev puas siab (1) lossis kev coj cwj pwm (2). Diagnostic thiab Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyuaj Siab, Tsab Ntawv thib tsib (DSM-5) yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet rau hauv nws cov ntawv (3). Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev haus dej hauv internet muaj raws nraim li cov vib this thiab pejxeem kawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv qee lub tebchaws xws li Kauslim, nws yog qhov ntau heev; Piv txwv, nws raug xam tias 8.5% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem yog tam sim no cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob no (4). Nws yog vim li no tsis yog yooj yim to taub yog vim li cas Kauslim Hli tau hais txog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet uas muaj teeb meem loj rau pej xeem thiab tsim tsa ib lub koom haum tseem fwv kev cai rau kev cai thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov teeb meem (5).

Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet tau tsim los siv cov kev siv kab mob hauv internet (6), siv internet sib txuas (compulsive internet)7), thiab siv internet siv teeb meem (8). Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom, txhua feem sib xws xws li siv internet ntau, tshem tawm, kam ua rau, thiab tsis zoo rau cov neeg los sis tus kheej zoo (9). Muaj ntau yam cuab yeej tsim tawm thiab ntsuam xyuas lawv cov kev puas siab puas ntsws; cov no muaj xws li Internet Kev Sib Tw (IAT) (10), Siv Teeb Meem Siv Teeb Zeem Hauv Chaw Siv (11), thiab Kauslim Teb hauv Internet npliag (12). Ntawm cov no, cov IAT tau siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab kuaj tau zoo rau nws cov kev puas siab puas ntsws (13). Qhov 20-khoom Likert-type questionnaire tau tsim rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas ntau ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet. Txhua yam khoom yog los ntawm 1 (tsis tshua muaj tshwm los) rau 5 (ib txwm) thiab cov qhab nia xam tag nrho los ntawm 20 rau 100. Txawm hais tias cov kev cai thiab kev txiav tawm ntawm IAT tsis raug tsim, Young tau pom tias qhov qhab nia saum 70 ua rau muaj teeb meem loj (10). Yam khoom ntawm IAT muaj xws li kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev siv internet, kev ua haujlwm lossis kev kawm ntawv, tsis muaj peev xwm tom tsev, teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thiab teeb meem kev xav (10).

Qhov zoo heev ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem (13), thiab muaj kev ntseeg zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug cai tau muab tshaj tawm rau lwm hom lus, yog li qhia tias qhov kev hloov ntawm IAT mus rau lwm haiv neeg. Cov hom lus suav no suav (14), Fabkis (15), Italian (16), Portuguese (17), Finnish (18), German (19), thiab Malay (20). Hauv Kaus Lim Kaus, ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau siv nyob rau hauv (21,22), thiab cov kev tshawb fawb siv ntau zaus nrog me kev hloov kho raws li cov pej xeem tsom. Psychometric cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Kauslim versions yog muaj xws li kev zoo hauv cov lus sib xws (Cronbach alpha 0.79-0.94) thiab cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua rau cov qauv zoo (23). Txaus (validity) validity tsis tau tshaj tawm thiab kev xeem rov twv tau raug pom muaj nyob hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb (24); tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob tsis muaj txoj kev rov qab-tau txhais lus, uas yuav txwv tsis tau qhov kev hloov ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm qhov xub thawj (25). Yog li, hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no, peb tau tsim ib hom ntawv Korean hauv IAT (KIAT) los ntawm ib txoj hau kev rau pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraum qab thiab kuaj xyuas nws kev ntseeg tau thiab kev siv tau hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm college.

COV NTAUB NTAWV THIAB KEV HLOOV
Cov neeg koomCov neeg koom tau kawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm Congju National University hauv Chungnam Province, Kauslim Teb. Recruitment pib nrog kev tshaj tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm peb lub tsev haujlwm. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais kev pabcuam tau kos npe rau daim ntawv tso cai thiab sau cov lus nug nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog pejxeem, sijhawm siv internet, thiab kev ntsuas kev xav. Tus qauv zaum kawg yog 279 tuaj koom. Ntawm cov no, 177 (62.8%) yog cov poj niam, thiab lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab yog 19.9 (SD = 2.7) xyoo. KIAT qhab nia nruab nrab yog 32.9 (SD = 9.4). Txog ib nrab (51.4%) ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau piav txog lawv tus kheej li cov neeg siv internet, 36.2% raws li cov neeg siv hauv, thiab 12.1% li cov neeg siv sijhawm ntau dhau. Txhua hnub haujlwm ntawm kev siv internet yog tsawg dua ib teev rau 83.0%, ntawm ib lossis ob xuab moos rau 12.1%, thiab ntau tshaj ob teev rau 4.3%. Xya caum-ob feem pua ​​ntawm cov neeg koom siv tsawg dua ib teev ib hnub twg rau cov tsis siv haujlwm, 20.2% ntawm ib lossis ob xuab moos, thiab 6.4% ntau tshaj ob teev. Tsis pub random cov neeg tuaj koom (n = 174, 62.4%) tau tawm nrog KIAT ob lub lis piam. 

Kev ntsuas  

Txhais thiab rov qab-txhais lus

Peb tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm Dr Kimberly Young los txhais IAT thiab siv nws hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav psychometric. Cov txheej txheem lus thim rov qab thiab thim rov qab tau ua raws nraim li cov lus qhia los tsim lwm hom ntawv version of questionnaire (25), tshwj qhov twv uantej. Peb cov kws paub txog kev mob hlwb uas tau hais tau zoo yog lus Kauslim thiab lus Askiv txhais thiab tau tsim thawj daim qauv, uas tau rov qab los ntawm cov xibfwb tseem kawm ua lus Askiv, thiab, tom qab ua tib zoo xyuas cov lus txhais rov qab, qhov kawg nkaus (KIAT) tau tsim tawm. Qhov tshawb nrhiav ua ntej tau txhawj xeeb txog qhov siv tau ntawm yam khoom 7, "Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas koj tus e-mail ua ntej lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum tau ua?"Raws li qhov no tsuas yog ib yam hais txog kev siv is taws nem nyob hauv internet thiab cov khoom tau pom tias muaj pov thawj tseeb siv tsis tau (26,27)). Yog li peb hloov lub sij hawm, "email”Nrog rau ib tug ntau dav dav ib,“hauv internet." 

Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej Hauv Internet

Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej Hauv Internet (IADQ) tau tsim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm DSM-IV pathological kev twv txiaj (1)). Nws muaj xws li ntawm yim lus nug rau kev kuaj mob ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet. Kev quav txhais tau tias yog teb “tau” rau tsib lossis ntau dua ntawm yim yam khoom. 

Kauslim yees siv nplai hauv internet

Kauslim ntsuas nplua (K-scale) yog ib qho lus nug tus kheej los ntsuas qhov kev mob nkeeg hauv Internet (24). Thawj 40-khoom version tom qab condensed tsim ib 20-khoom luv daim ntawv (27)). Qhov Likert hom nplai tau teb tau teeb tsa los ntawm 1 (“yeej tsis“) Txog 4 (“yeej ib txwm"), Yog li tag nrho cov qhab nia nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 80. Zoo heev Cronbach's alpha qhov tseem ceeb tau pom rau daim ntawv luv, siv hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib (0.89) thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab (0.91) (27). 

Cov Lus Nug Txog Cov Neeg Mob Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv-9

Cov Lus Nug Txog Neeg Mob Noj Qab Haus Huv-9 (PHQ-9) yog ib qho kev ntsuas rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov kev nyuab siab ntawm kev nyuaj siab (28)). Nws muaj cuaj yam raws li DSM-IV kuaj mob rau cov kev nyuaj siab tsis zoo, thiab nug cov neeg teb tias lawv tau ntsib cov teeb meem no ntau npaum li cas ob lub lis piam dhau los. Plaub lo lus teb rau txhua yam khoom los ntawm 0 (“tsis txhua“) Txog 3 (“txhua hnub"), Yog li tag nrho cov qhab nia nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 txog 27. Cov ntawv Kauslim siv hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo thiab siv tau (29). PHQ-9 tau siv los ntsuas qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm KIAT vim tias muaj kev sib txuam nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet tau qhia tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv (30). 

Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsom

Txhawm rau kwv yees sab hauv xwm txheej ntawm KIAT, Cronbach's alpha raug suav. Peb tau siv Pearson txoj kev sib txheeb ze rau kev txheeb xyuas kom txiav txim siab qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb, qhov tso ua ke, thiab qhov siv tau hloov mus ua lwm yam. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus thawj xib fwb nrog cov kev hloov pauv sib txawv tau ua los txiav txim siab qhov tawm tus qauv theem pib KIAT cov khoom. 

Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tawm raug ob sab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshwm sim tau muab teev cia ntawm tus nqi P <0.05. Kev Ntsuas Txheeb Xyuas PASW cov zauv software version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv nkag teb chaws thiab cov kev tsom xam.

Nqe lus ncaj nceesQhov kev cai lij choj ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav raug pom zoo los ntawm lub tuam txhab saib xyuas lub tuam txhab ntawm Gongju National Hospital (IRB No. 2012-06). Sau ntawv pom zoo tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom. 
KEV SIV

Kev ntseeg tau

Cronbach's alpha ntawm KIAT nrog 20 yam khoom yog 0.91 thiab tshem tawm cov khoom ntiag tug ua rau kom muaj nuj nqis rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm 0.90 thiab 0.91. Cov ntsiab lus-txog-tag nrho cov kev sib txheeb (Pearson r) yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.43 thiab 0.67, tab sis nws yog 0.25 rau khoom 4 (rooj 1). Ob-lub limtiam kev xeem-kev ntsuam xyuas kev cia siab yog qhov tseem ceeb (r = 0.73) lees tias lub neej nyob ruaj ntseg. 

Qhov tseeb qhov tseeb

Raws li ib txoj cai ntawm ntau tshaj ib tus neeg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb tus thawj xibfwb tau muab cais tawm plaub yam uas raug suav rau 58.9% ntawm qhov txawv (rooj 2)). Qhov tseeb Kuv muab cov ntsiab lus piav qhia txog kev siv internet ntau dhau thiab ua tsis tiav los tswj lub sijhawm (Q1, Q5, Q7, Q17, Q14, thiab Q16). Nws tseem hais txog cov teeb meem ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tsev kawm ntawv (Q2, Q6, thiab Q8). Cov no tau tsim "Kev siv internet ntau dhau". Qhov Ntsuas 2, "Kev vam khom" cuam tshuam nrog kev sib raug zoo (Q3 thiab Q19) thiab kev cia siab rau lub siab (Q11, Q12, thiab Q15). Qhov Tseeb 3, "Rho Tawm" muaj cov lus hais txog kev ntshai tsam raug rho tawm (Q13 thiab Q18), thiab cov tsos mob tshem tawm (Q20). Qhov kawg zaum 4, "Kev Zam Txhaum ntawm kev muaj tiag" muaj peb yam (Q4, Q9, thiab Q10). 

Concurrent thiab convergent validity

rooj 3sau lub concurrent thiab convergent validity ntawm lub KIAT. Tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm KIAT raug sib haum xeeb nrog lwm cov kev ntsuas hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet (ie, K-scale thiab IADQ) thiab muaj cov tsos mob nyuab siab. Theem ntawm kev nyuaj siab, uas yog theoretically ntsig txog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet, nws kuj tseem muaj feem xyuam nrog, yog li, muab kev pab txhawb rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov KIAT. 
 
SIB THAM

Hauv qhov kev kawm no, peb tau muab txhais ua thiab hloov IAT rau cov lus Kauslim thiab pom tias muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo thiab siv tau ntawm cov ntawv txhais lus. Ua ntej, kev kho mob sab hauv tau zoo heev (Cronbach's alpha> 0.90), tus nqi no zoo dua li cov uas tau tshaj tawm txog daim qauv qub (13) tab sis zoo ib yam li lwm hom lus (15,17)). Thiab cov khoom-rau-tag nrho cov kev sib txheeb thiab Cronbach's alpha qhov tseem ceeb nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom ib tus neeg pom tias qhov xwm txheej sab hauv yog feem ntau ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, kev zam ib qho yog nqe 4; nws muaj qhov sib txuam tsawg, thiab tag nrho sab hauv qhov sib thooj dhau ntawm qhov ntawm tag nrho cov khoom thaum cov khoom tau txiav tawm. Peb thiaj li yuav tsum tau cais tawm cov khoom rau cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam. Yam 4 kev txhawj xeeb uas nyuam qhuav tsim kev sib raug zoo hauv is taws nem: “Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov kev sib raug zoo tshiab nrog cov neeg siv hauv on-line ntau npaum li cas?"Peb ntseeg tias peb cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no hloov pauv nyob hauv thaj chaw hauv internet uas ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas tam sim no tsim lawv cov kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev sib txuas lus pab cuam xws li Facebook (31). Qhov teeb meem ntawm validity qhov teeb meem ntawm yam khoom 4 kuj tau tsa nyob rau hauv ob qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam tsis ntev los no: ib qho ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Kauslim College (26) thiab lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas (32). Yog li ntawd, yam khoom 4 niaj hnub no muaj qhov sib txuas ntxiv rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv internet es tsis yog tsim ua rau kev siv internet. Nyob hauv txoj kab nrog kev hloov hauv kev siv internet, peb tshaj tawm tias cov khoom 4 xav tau muab kho dua.

Peb txoj kev tshawb no yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb los mus tshawb xyuas qhov kev xeem rov twv dua ntawm IAT. Ib qho lus Kauslis siv cov txhais lus txawv ntawm IAT qhia ob lub lim tiam nrog r = 0.85 ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab (23). Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb German tsis ntev los no tau qhia ob lub lis piam uas zoo sib xws ntawm r = 0.83 ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv qib siab (19). Peb txoj kev tshawb xyuas kuj lees paus kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub KIAT ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab.

Hauv peb qhov kev tshawb xyuas tshawb nrhiav, plaub yam tau muab rho tawm. Lwm tus tau npaj ntau yam ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: ib yam (15,18), ob yam (19,31), peb (33,34), tsib (20), thiab rau (6 yam)13,16,17). Cov kev hloov no tej zaum yuav piav qhia los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus versions (kab lis kev cai lossis kev txhais lus), pejxeem kawm (cov qauv hauv online lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm college), thiab cov tswv yim ntawm kev tsim tawm. Peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm 5 yam tseem ceeb dua tshiab tab sis yog nyob rau hauv kab nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas hauv internet: 1) siv internet sib txuas thiab siv sij hawm ntau dhau; 2) cov tsos mob tawm; 3) siv internet rau kev nplij siab; 4) tsis zoo (34).

Qhov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv thawj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm IAP los ntawm Widyanto thiab McMurran (13) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov sau phau ntawv no nrhiav me me online ntawm 86 cov neeg koom hauv ntau haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tsis tau ua kom rov qab tau qhov teeb meem no, txawm tias ib txoj kev kawm Portuguese (17) cais tawm ntawm 6 yam ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tiam sis cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv txhua qhov sau ua ke tsuas yog nrog cov qauv thawj. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntawm cov kev kuaj loj dua ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txhawb nqa ntau yam: Jelenchick li al. (32) txheeb tau ob yam los ntawm kev siv (siv kev siv thiab siv ntau heev) ntawm 215 US college cov tub ntxhais kawm; Korkeila li al. (18) thiab Barkes li al. (19) txhawb kev nrhav ob feem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm university. Ib txoj kev tshawb no tsis ntev los no rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv Korean cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj pom muaj ob txoj hauv kev ua tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau IAT (34). Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tau zoo ib yam li cov kev qhia hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Fiji (18,31)). Yam khoom uas ua raws li Qhov Muaj Tiag 1 hauv peb txoj kev kawm yog qhov zoo ib yam rau "Ntev Siv”Thiab Qhov Ntsuas 2, 3, 4 yog cov khoom hauv“Siv Kev Xaiv”Hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Jelenchick li al. (32). Yog li, txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus hauv peb qhov kev tshawb xyuas qhov tshawb nrhiav tau loj dua hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no, peb nrhiav kev pom zoo rau kev sib thooj rau ntau hom lus hauv qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm IAT.

Kev pom zoo ntawm KIAT raug pom los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog kev nyuaj siab, uas yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau tshaj qhia txog cov yeeb yam ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet (35). Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm IAT nrog lub sijhawm siv internet thiab kev ua hauv online (14), thiab nrog rau kev siv internet ntau (35). Cov kev sib tw ntawm KIAT yeej pom zoo los ntawm kev muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov kev tsim kho kev siv internet. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IAT nrog Compulsive Internet Siv Nplai thiab Chen Hauv Internet Kev Nplai (36).

Cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tau ua raws li nram no. Ua ntej, cov neeg koom nrog txoj kev kawm no yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tuaj yeem pab dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog kev sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no rau txoj kev piv txwv no tsis tau xaiv. Thib ob, peb tsis tau tshawb xyuas cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxig rau hauv internet, uas tej zaum yuav muaj kev pom zoo rau hauv kev sib xyuas hauv internet. Qeb peb, raws li KIAT yog qhov ntsuas ntawm tus kheej, peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim tias tsis muaj qhov tsis kam lees lossis txo qhov tsawg ntawm cov neeg teb (37). Kev kawm yav tom ntej yuav tau txais txiaj ntsim los ntawm kev siv cov lus nug los ntawm tus txij nkawm los yog niam txiv. Thaum kawg, peb txoj kev tshawb no tsis tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov kev ntxub ntxaug thiab kev tshawb nrhiav pom ntawm KIAT; Piv txwv, cov ntawv txiav tawm ntawm cov neeg siv hauv nruab nrab thiab cov kab mob hauv internet thiab sib piv nrog cov kev sib tham hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yuav tsim nyog. Peb cov qhabnias yuav tsum tau muab sib piv nrog lwm cov neeg nrog rau cov hluas, cov pejxeem hauv zej zos, thiab cov neeg nrhiav kev pabcuam kev xiam hlwb. Thiab kom tso ntau lub teeb rau ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm KIAT, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau xyuas kom paub tseeb tias peb nrhiav tau thiab piv nrog lwm yam kev tsim kho kev pom zoo los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, peb tau lees paub qhov kev ntsuas-rov ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm KIAT, uas tsis tshua tau tshuaj xyuas hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Thib ob, txawm hais tias muaj ob lub txheej txheem qub nyob rau hauv Kauslim ntawm lub IAT, tsuas yog peb cov ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab, uas yog qhov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thaum ib tus xav tau kev sib haum xeeb sib txawv ntawm cov nplai. Thib peb, los ntawm kev hloov pauv yam khoom 7 peb tau tuaj yeem rub tawm tus qauv ruaj khov dua thiab ua tiav cov qauv tsim kev lag luam zoo dua. Yog li, nrog rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm IAT, peb pom zoo tias “email” hauv nqe 7 yuav tsum tau xa mus ua “internet” thiab yam khoom 4 yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv kom muaj kev hloov pauv tsis ntev los no hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom tes hauv nruab nrab ntawm hauv internet.

Thaum xaus, KIAT tau ua zoo sib xws thiab kev ntsuam xyuas siab dua. Nws kuj muaj concurrent validity raws li qhia los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov kev teev txog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet. Ib tus qauv plaub-tsim, piv rau tus qauv thawj, pom zoo kom pom tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm KIAT. Lub KIAT yog lub suab paj nruag ntsuas uas siv tau rau kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog, kev tiv thaiv internet ntawm cov neeg Kauslim hais lus.

ntxhuav

  
rooj 1 Txhais tau tias, raug kho qhov khoom-tag nrho kev sib txheeb, thiab Cronbach's alpha ntawm KIAT   

KIAT, Kauslim version ntawm Internet Khoos Phem Tiv Thaiv.

  
rooj 2 Thawj Xibfwb Tshawb Fawb thiab kev sib luag ntawm Koog Kauslim Tshooj ntawm Kev Sib Tham Hauv Internet (n = 279)   

Txoj Kev Loj Tshaj Tawm: Tus Thawj Tswj Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshawb Xyuas. Kev Hloov Txheem: Varimax nrog Kaiser Normalization. Loadings ntau dua 0.3 qhia.

  
rooj 3 Correlation ntawm cov qhab nias ntawm Internet Kev Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas   

*Correlation yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 0.01 qib (2 tailed). KIAT, Kauslim Teb ntawm Internet Kev Sib Tw; K-scale, Kauslim Teb hauv Internet npliag; IADQ, Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntawv Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet; PHQ-9, Cov Lus Nug Txog Cov Neeg Mob-9.

Sau ntawv

Cov sau phau ntawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev qhia tawm.

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