Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Kev Sib Txawv hauv Internet (Internet Process Assessment Test): Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Yeem Kev Soj Ntsuam Kev Tshawb Xyuas hauv Internet (2015)

Behav Sci (Basel). 2015 Jul 28;5(3):341-352.

Northrup JC¹, Lapierre C², Kirk J³, Rae C⁴.

1. Introduction

Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog qee cov kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv Internet, ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo hauv ib txoj hauj lwm, tus kheej lub neej, kev xav hauv lub cev,1,2,3]. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem uas cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg tshawb xyuas nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws pom, txawm hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsoom fwv hauv qee qhov [4]. Qhov tshwm sim no tau txais txiaj ntsim txaus hais tias Kev Ntsuas Ntsuas thiab Kev Txheeb Zaj Los Qhia-V (DSM-V) Pawg Neeg Saib Kev Nyab Xeeb tsis ntev los no (tab sis thaum kawg txiav txim siab xam nrog rau hauv section 3 nyob rau hauv cov kev mob rau kev kawm ntxiv) ib qho kev hloov ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet rau kev koom nrog DSM-V, thaum kawg txiav txim siab tias kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua ntej ua daim ntawv tso cai raug cai [5]. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov lus nug txawm tias tsis yog ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua rau lub nruab nrab, xws li hauv Is Taws Nem, tsis yog rau txoj hau kev uas qhov nruab nrab pab [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Peb siv lo lus "txheej txheem" ​​ntawm qhov no los ntawm kev siv lub sij hawm, los yog "kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo nkaus li tus kab mob kev quav tshuaj" [12].

Cov lus nug ntawm seb puas los yog tsis yog ib qho ua rau siv Internet los yog ib qho txheej txheem los ntawm Internet yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum saib xyuas sai npaum li cas hauv Internet. Hauv Internet hnub no muaj kev siv myriad, suav nrog kev ua si, kev sib txuas lus, sib tham, mus kav khw, thiab lwm qhov ntxiv. Kev siv teeb meem ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau npe no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau xyoo tas los no, muab cov pov thawj tsis ncaj nceeg rau lub tswv yim tias tus neeg ntawd ua rau ib los sis ntau ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem uas Internet pab cuam tawm tsam hauv Internet xwb (xws li, [13,14,15,16]). Tsis paub txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv mus rau hauv Internet raws li tag nrho thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Internet yuav ua rau cov kev khomob teebmeem ntawm qhov khoom ntawm tus neeg qhov kev tiv thaiv tiag tiag. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tus neeg yuav ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej hauv Internet uas tsis yog tsim kom muaj kev sim rau kev siv internet.

1.1. Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet

Ntau tus tau siv lub sij hawm "kev quav tshuaj" los piav txog teeb meem siv Internet rau qee lub sijhawm [17,18]. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav tsis ntev los no tshwm sim los txhawb qhov kev siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus sau tseg no rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev coj cwj pwm (piv txwv, compulsive online video-game-playing) ntawm dopamine pathways thiab lwm lub hlwb cov vaj tse tau raug muab coj los piv rau cov tshuaj ntawm kev quav tshuaj [2,19,20]. Cov teebmeem zoo li no rau ntawm lub hlwb kom zoo rau lub tswvyim ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv (qee zaum raug xa mus rau kev coj cwj pwm lossis kev tswj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo) uas yog tus neeg ua haujlwm rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txawm hais tias kev txom nyem tsis zoo tom qab kev rov qab sim [12,21,22,23]. Piv txwv li muaj kev siv rau kev ua ub no xws li kev twv txiaj, kev lag luam, kev ua ub no tsis zoo, kev ua si yees duab thiab siv Internet [21,22].

Hluas [24] yog thawj tug siv lub sijhawm "Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet." Nws thiab lwm tus neeg tshawb xyuas tau yoog tau cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv kab mob kev twv txiaj los yog kev tswj hwm kev ntshawv siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet [17,18,24]. Cov ntsiab lus raws li cov ntsiab lus no muaj xws li ua ntej nrog Internet, pheej nce cov sijhawm hauv Internet, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txiav luam yeeb, npau taws thaum sim txiav rov qab, nyob online tshaj li kev xav, tsim kev cuam tshuam cov kev sib raug zoo nyob hauv online, siv dag siv Internet , thiab siv Internet li kev khiav dim ntawm cov teeb meem [25]. Cov tswv yim tshawb nrhiav tsis tau tas tsis tau pom zoo los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, tiam sis muaj plaub yam tau pom tias tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob: (1) ntau heev hauv Internet siv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj lub sij hawm poob los sis tsis ua hauj lwm yooj yim); (2) tshem tawm cov tsos mob xws li kev npau taws los yog kev nyuaj siab thaum lub Internet tsis cuag; (3) kev ua siab ntev, ua qauv siv los ntawm kev xav tau kev siv hauv Internet kom txo tau cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo; thiab (4) tsis zoo, xws li kev sib ceg nrog phooj ywg lossis tsev neeg, dag, tsev kawm ntawv tsis zoo los yog ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, kev cais tawm, thiab qaug zog [26]. Yawg tsuas siv qhov kev xav ntawm qhov tshwm sim, hais tias nws tshwm sim thaum "tus neeg lub siab lub ntsws, uas muaj xws li ob lub hlwb thiab lub siab lub ntsws, nrog rau lawv txoj kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo, yog kev tsis taus los ntawm kev siv ntau dua ntawm qhov nruab nrab" [27] (7).

Tau lwm tus neeg sib txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau hauv Internet thiab tiv thaiv rau ntau cov txheej txheem uas Internet tau yooj yim, sib cav hais tias lub sij hawm "Internet kev tiv thaiv" tsis zoo, los yog tsawg kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog kev tiv thaiv rau cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm Internet [2,7,8,9]. Jones thiab Hertlein [28], piv txwv, sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, kev tiv thaiv kev sib daj sib deev hauv Internet, thiab kev ywj siab hauv Internet. Pawlikowski li al. [11] qha tau cov kev sis txawv ntawm cov teeb meem internet kws cov nyom hab cov teeb meem internet pornography, kws txhawb cov tswv yim kws muaj ntau yaam teeb meem hauv internet siv tau zoo dua qub ntawm kev tshawb fawb tom ntej. Lwm cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tib neeg tau siv compulsively siv Internet rau xws li khw [29], duab liab qab [30], surfing media txau [31], video-game-playing [32], social networking [33], thiab kev twv txiaj [34]. Peb pom zoo tias Internet tsuas yog qhov nruab nrab, tab sis lub luag hauj lwm ntawm qhov nruab nrab nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab. Hauv Internet muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev pab, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb muab kev pabcuam, kom nkag mus rau ntau hom kev ua xij.

1.2. Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet

Cov sau phau ntawv no tau txiav txim siab los hloov cov cuab yeej uas twb muaj lawm los kuaj xyuas kom zoo dua. Muaj ntau yam twj paj nruag los kuaj rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (lossis cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws), suav nrog Suav Tebchaws Phem Hauv Internet (CIAI), Siv Hauv Chaw Siv Hauv Internet (CIUS) [35], Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Si (GAS) [36], Kev Teebmeem Teebmeem Siv Hauv Internet (GPIUS) [37], Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet (IAT) [24], Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Internet (ICS) [38], Siv Teebmeem Siv Teebmeem (PIUS) [39], thiab Qhov Teeb Meem Yees Duab Tuaj Ua Si (PVGPT) [40], ntawm lwm tus [41]. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov cuab yeej no muaj zog, tus IAT raug xaiv vim nws siv qhov kev txiav tawm qhov teeb meem los txiav txim rau kev siv teeb meem, nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus qauv American (lub teb chaws ntawm lub hauv paus rau qhov qauv muaj rau cov neeg soj ntsuam), nws muaj lus Askiv (tus kws txhais lus los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv), thiab nws txoj kev siv ntau yam hauv cov ntaub ntawv, Tus IAT [24] yog 20-khoom siv twj paj nruag uas tau ua kom muaj kev ntseeg zoo thiab siv tau thiab tau siv los ntsuam xyuas rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet [42,43,44]. Nws tsis hais txog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm uas yog siv Internet, tiam sis, tiam sis piav txog lub Internet raws li tag nrho yog qhov khoom ntawm kev quav tshuaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog los ntawm kev xav zoo dua thaum Young tus [24] tus qauv tsim thiab tsim ib txoj kev kuaj xyuas uas yog siv Internet kev ywj pheej raws li tsuas yog siv "Internet kev tiv thaiv." Qhov kev xeem no muaj peev xwm muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam nrog ua haujlwm hauv Internet.

1.3. Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Thiab Cov Lus Cog Tseg

Rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no, peb pom cov lus nug nram qab no:

(1)

Yuav ua li cas qhov Internet txoj kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo nrog IAT? Peb pom tau tias cov no yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov neeg uas ua tiav cov IAT yog zaum ua nrog rau lawv txoj kev xav hauv kev xav thaum uas teb cov khoom. Cov Hluas [24] xeem, txawm li cas los, tsis ntsees ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem.

(2)

Yuav ua li cas haj yam muaj kev ywj pheej hauv Internet uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob hlwb tag nrho? Peb pom tau tias yuav tsum muaj qhov kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo, raws li muaj kev tiv thaiv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ploj tag nrho kev puas siab puas ntsws [45]. Kev puas hlwb tsis zoo los kuj yuav pab txhawb rau lub tswv yim tias cov neeg tuaj koom nrog cov qhab nias dua yog teeb meem nrog kev sib xyuas tiag tiag, thiab tsis yog ib qho teeb meem me ntsis.

2. Txoj kev

2.1. Kev Sib Txawv hauv Internet Kev Sib Tham

Qhov ntsuas tsim los rau txoj kev tshawb no yog kev sib tham hauv Internet Kev Sib Koom Txhawb (IPAT). Nws yog ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm kev ntsuas kev ntsuas seb puas muaj ntau hom kev siv internet-yooj yim tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov ntsuas no hloov thiab ntxiv rau Cov Hluas [24] tus qauv tsim. Cov Hluas [24] lo lus rau tus qub IAT 20 cov khoom tau hloov kho kom tsis txhob teb cov lus nug raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub "Internet," cov neeg koom teb tau teb cov lus nug zoo li lawv tau xyuam xyuam rau xya yam hauv Internet. Piv txwv li, Young tus thawj yam hais tias, "Muaj pes tsawg zaus uas koj pom tias koj nyob hauv internet ntev tshaj li qhov koj xav tau?" [24] (31). Tus neeg teb rov qab teb cov nqe lus nug ntawm 5-Point Likert scale ntawm "Tsis tshua Muaj" thiab "Txhua zaus." Hauv IPAT, cov khoom tau muab kho kom nws nyeem, "Koj tau pom pes tsawg zaus uas koj siv cov nram qab no ntev dua koj "Lub cheeb tsam teb no yog tsim los kom tus neeg koom tes mam li teb cov khoom raws li nws tau siv rau cov txheej txheem hauv Internet nram qab no: Surfing (tsis muaj lub hom phiaj los mus xyuas ntau qhov chaw los yog chaw ua si xws li xov xwm, ncaws pob, los yog kev lom zem), Gaming Online (playing online video kev sib tw (kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw hauv internet, xws li cov chaw hauv online), Xov tooj ntawm tes siv (siv ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes rau kev siv internet, email, ua si, lossis cov ntawv xov xwm), thiab Lwm Hom (ib ntes-tag nrho rau cov cheeb tsam tsis nyob ntawm no). Tib Yam Li Lij Tawm los ntawm IAT yog siv rau txhua txoj kev, tshwj tsis yog cov lus teb ntxiv "Tsis Thov".

Hauv Internet yuav siv tau rau ntau lub txheej txheem, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los xaiv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg tshawb xyuas. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib tham tau ua nyob hauv kev sib tham nrog ob tug nrhiav cov kws kho mob ntawm reSTART, thaj chaw siv kho vaj tsev kho mob uas tau kho cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem siv technology txij thaum 2009. Ib qho (Cosette Rae) yog MSW thiab lwm tus (Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab) (Hillarie Cash) yog tus kws pab tswv yim rau kev puas hlwb nrog kws kho mob hauv psychology. Cov kws kho mob no tau ua hauj lwm txhua hnub nrog cov tib neeg uas xav kom kov yeej cov teeb meem siv technology. Thaum lub sij hawm khaws cov ntaub ntawv, cov no yog tsuas yog ob tug neeg muab tshuaj kho mob nyob hauv ib lub tsev kho mob uas tsim los siv rau kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Lawv siv IAT los ua ib feem ntawm lawv txoj kev ntsuam xyuas, tab sis thaum lawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis paub txog lwm yam seev hauv Askiv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev siv. Txawm lawv tsis tau raws li cov txheej txheem hauv Internet thaum thawj zaug txog qhov teeb meem no, lawv yog cov uas tau qhia tias xya feem ntau pom cov txheej txheem rau kev siv technology yog cov uas tau tham saum toj no. Lawv cov lus pom tau zoo los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv xws li, [11,12,13,14]. Cov txheej txheem no yog li no nyob hauv IPAT.

Xya cov lus nug tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv IAT raug ntxiv rau IPAT, raws li tau qhia los ntawm Griffiths [46] thiab Tao li al. [26]. Cov khoom no muaj cov neeg tuaj sib tw ua raws li cov hauv qab no: Tsawg kom lawv siv cov txheej txheem, siv cov txheej txheem khiav tawm, siv lwm cov khoom siv los sim siv cov txheej txheem, muaj cov cwj pwm tshem tawm (xws li, nyob tsis tswm, ua tsis zoo, lossis ntxhov siab ) thaum sim siv cov txheej txheem, poob ntawm lub sijhawm thaum nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem, tso tseg yav dhau los zoo siab rau kev koom tes, thiab koom nrog cov txheej txheem txawm muaj teeb meem teeb meem (piv txwv, teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, los yog poob nyiaj).

Ib yam khoom ntawm IAT daim tseem tsis raug yoog rau cov menyuam yaus hauv IPAT. Yam khoom no nug txog cov neeg teb tias qhov kev xav tawm los cuam tshuam cov kev xav hauv lub neej nrog kev xav ntawm lub Internet. Cov sau phau ntawv xav hais tias lo lus nug no yog ib yam nkaus li awkwardly lo lus thaum yoog, yog li nws tau raug tshem tawm. Ob peb lwm cov lus nug tau hloov dua li cov kev hloov kho sab saud saum no vim hais tias cov lus nug nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv tseem tsis tau tshem tawm qee cov neeg los ntawm kev teb. Piv txwv, cov khoom "Koj tsis nco qab xyuas cov haujlwm hauv tsev ntau npaum li cas hauv online?" [24] (Hloov 31), muab kho rau hauv "Them pes tsawg zaus uas koj tsis lees paub koj cov dej num los siv sij hawm ntau ua raws li nram no?" kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg twg uas tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov xaus ntawm qhov kev hloov kho rau IAT yog xya lub teb chaw (cov txheej txheem) rau 26 cov lus nug, tag nrho 182 nws cov khoom.

2.2. Mental Health Cov Lus Xam Pom-5

Ntxiv rau cov neeg koom ua tiav ob qhov IAT thiab IPAT los ntsuam xyuas kev ua tiav, lawv tau ua tiav cov Kev Xiam Hlwb Cov Kev Xiam Hlwb 5-5 (MHI-5) los mus tshuaj xyuas kev sib haum xeeb. MHI-XNUMX yog ib qho nyuag luv luv (tsib yam khoom) siv los ntsuas txhawm rau kev ntsuam xyuas txhua yam kev mob hlwb rau cov neeg teb [47]. Nws tau ua kom pom kev zoo nyob hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev mob hlwb hauv cov neeg teb xws li kev xav thiab kev ntxhov siab, txawm tias nws qhov kev phem [48]. Cov qhab nias siab qhia tau hais tias muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo, thaum qis dua cov qhab nias hais tias cov kev puas hlwb tsis zoo. Raw cov qhab nia (5-25) raug xa mus rau 100-point scale. Qhov kev pom zoo muab txiav rau qhov mus ob peb vas yog 60 los yog tsawg dua (0.83 rhiab heev, 0.78 tseem ceeb) [48]. MHI-5 muaj qhov zoo nyob hauv kev siv nrog Cronbach's alpha score ntawm 0.74 [48].

2.3. Tshawb Nrhiav

Txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo thiab tau siv kev soj ntsuam cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm IPAT tshiab tau tsim tawm tsam IAT thiab MHI-5. Lwm cov kev ntsuam xyuas uas siv cov kev tshawb xyuas kev tshawb xyuas kev tshawb nrhiav (tus thawj xibfwb hauv kev ua haujlwm) yog ua haujlwm los ua kom paub meej txog cov kev sib tw ntawm IPAT.

2.4. Cov neeg koom

Cov neeg koom tes tau nrhiav cov npe hauv Google Ads thiab los ntawm lub vas sab ntawm reSTART. 7.41 (SD = 4.66, Range = 24) teev ib hnub twg ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm uas cov pejxeem siv Internet 13 cov xuab moos hauv ib lub lim tiam hauv ob qho haujlwm thiab cov sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm [49]. Tag nrho cov neeg tau raug qhia ua ntej pib qhov kev tshawb fawb tias kev koom nrog yog kev yeem, tsis qhia npe, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau muab tswv yim raws li IAT thiab MHI-5. Ua kom tiav daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas xav tau 30 min.

Cov ntaub ntawv raug sau los ntawm kev siv qhov kev ntsuas tus kheej online. Tshaj 51 lub lim tiam uas qhov kev tshawb fawb tau muaj, ntau tshaj 1121 cov kev tshawb fawb tau pib. Ntawm cov neeg xa, 274 tiav cov ntawv tshawb fawb tau thiab 4 raug tshem tawm rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev (piv txwv tias, 100 xyoo-laus neeg siv cov 24 h online) tawm hauv 270 cov ntawv tshawb fawb rau kev ntsuam xyuas. Cov qauv ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj xws li 160 (59.3%) txiv neej thiab 110 (40.7%) cov poj niam hauv hnub nyoog los ntawm 19 rau 79 xyoo nyoog (M = 27.83, SD = 9.87). Lub hnub nyoog rau cov txiv neej yog 26.91 (SD = 10.46) thiab rau cov poj niam qhov nruab nrab yog 29.17 (SD = 10.52).

Cov 204 (75.6%) tau raug xaiv los ua tus Caucasian, 18 (6.7%) Neeg Esxias / Pacific Islander, 18 (6.7%) multiracial, 6 (2.2%) Dub, 2 (0.7%) Haiv neeg Asmeslivkas, thiab 22 (8.1%) tsis yeem los qhia txog lawv haiv neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, 29 (10.7%) txheeb lawv haiv neeg raws li Hispanic.

Kuv tus poj niam yog ib tug txiv neej yawg poj niam txiv neej thiab poj niam txiv neej.

48.9 (76%) tau ua hauj lwm rau kev ua haujlwm, 28.1 (22%) tau ua haujlwm rau tus kheej, 8.1 (19%) tau tawm haujlwm, tab sis saib, 7.0 (10%) (3.7%) yog cov neeg ua haujlwm, 5 (1.9%) tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, thiab 4 (1.5%) tau tawm haujlwm lawm.

37.4 25,000 thiab 29, 10.7 (25,000%) tau tsim ntawm $ 35,000 thiab 29, 10.7 (35,000%) tau ua $ xNUMX thiab 50,000 los ntawm $ 32 thiab 11.9 txhua xyoo, , 75,000 (100,000%) tau ua ntawm $ 15 thiab 5.6, 100,000 (125,000%) ua ntawm $ 7 thiab 2.6, thiab 125,000 (150,000%) tau ntau tshaj $ 12. Nees nkaum ob (4.4%) tsis kam teb cov lus nug txog lawv cov nyiaj tau los.

Cov lus teb rau daim ntawv soj ntsuam qhia tias cov neeg koom hauv feem coob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (68.1%), tom qab Canada (5.9%), United Kingdom (4.1%), Latin America (3.3%), Ltalis thiab Germany (1.9% txhua). Pebcaug-xya (13.8%) cov neeg teb tau qhia "lwm" thiab 3 (1.1%) tsis tau teb cov nqe lus nug.

3. Ntsiab lus

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwm sim tau muab siv Lub Chaw Muab Kev Tshawb Fawb Rau Social Studies (SPSS) 21.0 los soj ntsuam cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IAT, IPAT, thiab MHI5, tshawb xyuas qhov kev siv tau, kev ntseeg thiab kev pabcuam ntawm IPAT rau ntawm lwm cov twj.

Cov qhab nia nyob rau IAT txij li 0–98 nrog tus qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm 49 thiab tus qauv sib txawv ntawm 19.54. Qhov kev xoom ib qho kev txiav txim xoom yog ua los ntawm MHI-5 thiab IAT (r = −0.474, p <0.001). Cov subscales ntawm IPAT tau tsim los ntawm kev suav cov qhab nia rau ib qho kev tshawb fawb. Thaum pib, tus txheej txheem no suav nrog xya subscales: Ua Surfing, Online twv txiaj, Kev Ua Si Network, Xov Tooj Ntawm Tes, twv txiaj, pw ua ke thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg koom nrog cov lus teb rau IPAT ntau dua tom qab tswj hwm rau cov pej xeem sib txawv (poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, haiv neeg, kev txij nkawm, theem kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nyiaj tau los) tau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov lus teb rau IAT thiab MHI-5 (rooj 1).

Cov lus 1. Ib nrab sib txheeb rau IAT, MHI5, thiab plaub IPAT Subscales *. Nyem qhov no mus tso tawm rooj

Txhua IPAT cov nyiaj hauv qab tau cuam tshuam nrog IAT tshwj tsis yog Kev twv txiaj. Ntawm cov ntawv txheeb uas tseem ceeb sib txheeb, Cov Surfing subscale correlated muaj zog nrog rau IAT, r (259) = 0.79, p <0.001, thaum sib deev tsis tshua muaj zog yog nrog kev sib deev subscale, r (259) = 0.32, p <0.001. Peb ntawm IPAT subscales tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog MHI-5, suav nrog Kev twvtxiaj, Xovtooj ntawm tes, thiab lwm yam hauv qab. Ntawm cov ntawv txheeb uas tseem ceeb sib txheeb, Cov Surfing subscale correlated muaj zog nrog MHI-5, r (259) = −0.47, p <0.001, thaum qhov kev sib deev tsis tshua muaj zog yog nrog Kev Sib Koom Tes Ntawm Cov Menyuam, r (259) = −0.21, p = 0.001. Tom qab kuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej no, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau txiav txim siab tshem lub Cell Xov tooj, twv txiaj, thiab lwm yam kev ncua vim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog IAT thiab / lossis MHI-5.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb tau ua los siv cov kev ntsuas ntsiab lus ntsuas (PCA) ntawm IPAT los tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Siv cov scree-cov phiaj xwm nrog eigenvalues ​​teem ntawm 1.0, 12 cov khoom siv (yam) raug tsim tawm. Cov Cheebtsam tau muab tig rov qab los siv Promax thiab tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov phiaj xwm "scree-plot" nws tau txiav txim siab los suav cov khoom nkaus xwb hauv cov zis nrog eigenvalues ​​ntau dua 3.0. Cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam tau nthuav tawm plaub ntu ua cov nyiaj txiag tau 78% ntawm qhov sib txawv. Qhov 1 (26 yam khoom) suav txog 58.11% ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab ntsuas yees cov yees yees yees. Qhov Xwm Txheej 2 (31 yam khoom) suav txog 10.19% ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab ntsuas kev sib xyaw yees. Qhov tseeb 3 (26 yam khoom) suav txog 5.95% ntawm cov kev sib txawv thiab ntsuas cov kev sib deev yees online. Qhov tseeb 4 (15 yam khoom) suav txog 3.73% ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv internet. Sab hauv sib xws rau txhua ntawm plaub subscales raug ntsuas siv Cronbach's alpha thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus ntawm plaub subscales yog 0.97 (caij saum nthwv dej) thiab 0.98 (kev yees duab yeeb yaj kiab, kev sib tham, thiab kev sib deev / saib duab liab qab) taw qhia qhov zoo tau ntawm kev ntseeg tau rau qhov ntsuas. Txuas ntxiv ntxiv rau kev ntseeg tau siab tau qhov siab nrog qhov tus nqi ntawm 0.99. Thaum muab piv rau IAT thiab MHI-5, IPAT tau ua qauv pom zoo ua ke nrog kev sib txheeb li ntawm 0.31–0.78 (n = 269, p <0.001) rau IAT thiab −0.19 txog −0.46 (n = 269, p <0.002 ) rau MHI-5.

4. Kev sib tham

Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IPAT qhov kawg me me (Surfing, Online Gaming, Social Networking, thiab Sex) qhia tias IPAT muaj kev sib yeem sib luag zoo. Qhov tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Kev Twv Txiaj thiab qhov IAT yuav qhia tau tias kev twv txiaj muaj txiaj ntsim, kev twvtxiaj yog tsis txuas rau hauv Internet raws li qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem. Hauv Internet tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau txoj kev ua haujlwm rau kev twvtxiaj.

Qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov IPAT kawg subscales thiab MHI-5 qhia tau zoo txog kev sib convergence; cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev puas hlwb tag nrho. Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev twv txiaj ntawm Kev Twv Txiaj thiab MHI-5 yog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob, vim qhov no tshwm sim rau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas qhia tau tias cov neeg hauv Internet feem ntau yuav tsim teeb meem [50]. Sib npaug nrog cov tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Kev Twv Txiaj thiab qhov IAT, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias qhov teeb meem ntawm kev twv txiaj hauv lub Teeb Meem Kev Ua Si. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Cell Xov tooj thiab Lwm Cov Kev Lom nrog MHI-5 yuav qhia teeb meem nrog cov tsim ntawm cov kev tsim, raws li tus xov tooj ntawm tes yuav pom raws li ib qho yooj yim lwm qhov nruab nrab thiab "Lwm yam" txhob txwm tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov pluag tsis sib haum xeeb no kuj tseem yuav qhia tau tias cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv no tsis tas yuav muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov kev sib tw no kuj tseem yog los ntawm cov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom tshwm los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog ntau tus neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov txheej txheem no raws li lwm hom kev lag luam hauv Internet. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov lus pom zoo lees paub txoj kev kawm ntxiv.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb no txhawb kev loj hlob rau kev ua haujlwm uas paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau qhov kev siv Internet uas tsis yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv dav dav rau hauv Internet [6,7,8,9,10,11] thiab tseem txhawb txoj cai ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau kuaj xyuas cov kev ua qes tshwj xeeb uas ua los ntawm kev siv Internet uas tsis yog rau hauv Internet raws li tag nrho [13,14,15]. Cov ntsiab lus no tau qhia los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev quav tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yog feem ntau hu ua "Internet tiv thaiv" yog ib lo lus uas yuav hais tau rau txhua tus qauv, uas txhua tus yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm txoj kev kho mob. Cov uas raug kev txom nyem hauv kev sib txoos hauv online, piv txwv, tej zaum yuav tau txais kev kho mob txawv rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem hauv online gaming; tsis tas muaj cov ntsiab lus tseeb dua, ob leeg yuav raug xa mus rau "Internet addicts." Ntxiv mus, cov txiaj ntsig tau muab kev txhawb nqa rau ntau yam kev tshawb nrhiav cov cuab yeej uas tsom rua kev muaj xws li cov neeg uas tsom rau teeb meem video ua si [37,39,40]. Kev seev suab paj nruas yav dhau los yuav pom zoo pab tau ntau dua yog tias lawv tsom ntsoov rau cov txheej txheem tshwj tsis yog sim ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub tswv yim dav li "Internet tiv thaiv". Ib qho cuab yeej xws li ib daim ntawv sib tw-hauv IPAT yuav tshuaj xyuas ntau txoj hau kev rau tib lub sij hawm thiab kab tias ua teeb meem rau cov teeb meem uas muaj ntau yam cuab yeej xws li IAT tsis tas pom nws tus kheej. Ib lub cuab yeej uas muaj peev xwm ntsuam xyuas rau ntau yam kev sib txig ua ke yuav pab tau cov neeg kho mob uas muaj peev xwm ntsib cov neeg nrhiav kev pab rau ib hom kev ua yees siv, tsis paub tias muaj lwm cov kev ua muaj teeb meem zoo li teeb meem.

Cov kev ua hauj lwm kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev txwv. Tus qauv me me kuj yog Neeg Dawb thiab nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cov txheej txheem nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tau ua rau cov qauv kev yooj yim, uas txwv tsis pub cov kev soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem xav txog kev ua tus txheej txheem ntau dua hauv kev txiav txim siab uas muaj cov txheej txheem los mus, xws li kev nrhiav cov qauv hauv qhov chaw kho mob, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus IPAT cov khoom (182) nrog rau tus qauv me me raug txwv tsis pub siv cov kev tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb los tshawb xyuas theoretical constructs hauv IPAT. Ib qho kev tawm tsam siab siab tuaj yeem pab cuam rau qhov loj me me, piv rau ntau qhov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li IPAT tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom hauv IAT thiab ob lub twj paj nruag tau ua haujlwm, muaj qee qhov kev txiav txim zoo los ntawm kev teb cov khoom sib xws. Qhov ntev ntawm ntau yam twj paj nruag (245 cov khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho) kuj tau pab rau ntau tus neeg koom nrog txiav daim ntawv tshawb fawb ua ntej tiav. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau, cov neeg koom ua ke tau xaiv lawv tus kheej thiab lawv tus kheej tau qhia lawv tus cwj pwm. Raws li tsis muaj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sab nrauv nws tsis yog los txiav txim siab txog kev txiav tawm raws li kev txiav txim siab los txiav txim seb muaj teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, thaum txoj kev tshawb no qhib rau leej twg, tus qauv no feem ntau yuav ua rau ntau tus neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tsis tau hais meej txog cov kev siv internet hauv kev siv, kev tsim txom, lossis kev quav tshuaj, tab sis qhov no yuav raug ua kom tiav los ntawm kev tsim cov kev txiav tawm ntawm ib thiab ob qho kev hloov ntawm IPAT tshaj li qub txhais tau los ntawm ib qho kev kuaj random.

5. Cov lus xaus

Dua li ntawm cov kev txwv no, cov sau phau ntawv raug txhawb los ntawm cov lus qhia pib ntawm qhov siv tau rau IPAT. Cov kev kawm yav tom ntej nrog tus IPAT yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev lees paub theoretical constructs hauv IPAT. Qhov no yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov kev kuaj loj dua thiab / los yog txo cov khoom kom txhawb zog siab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem sim los sib piv ntawm lub zog ntawm IAT thiab IPAT rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas lawv thov kom ntsuas. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tseem yuav tsum sim los txiav txim siab seb tus kab mob hauv Internet muaj yees li cas nrog lub cuab yeej luv zog uas tej zaum yuav muaj hnub hloov IAT ua ib qho kev ntsuas.

Sau cov tswv yim

Jason Northrup tau tsim kev xeeb tub thiab tsim cov kev sim, ua cov ntawv nyeem txog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, thiab tsim cov khoom rau IPAT. Coady Lapierre tau pab tsim thiab tsim cov kev sim thiab ua cov ntawv tshawb fawb rau MHI-5. Jeffrey Kirk ua ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas. Cosette Rae tau pab txhawb kev kawm thiab tsim khoom rau IPAT.

Tsis sib haum xeeb

Cosette Rae yog tus Thawj Coj, Co-Founder, thiab Program Director ntawm reSTART, ib qho kev pab cuam kho mob hauv Internet, video game, thiab txheej txheem kev siv.

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