Cov ntxaij culture: feem ntawm ADHD. (2011)

Cov lus qhuab qhia: Tebchaws Meskas - Kev quav yeeb quav cawv hauv Internet yuav ntau npaum li 25% ntawm cov pejxeem, thiab  ADHD yog txuam with thuam, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau mob tshwm sim.

Khaus Lawm Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Mob Hnyav. 2011 Dec; 3 (4): 327-34. Epub 2011 Sep 24.

Weiss MD, Baer S, Allan BA, Saran K, Schibuk H.

Tau qhov twg los

Lub Chaw Saib Menyuam Yaus thiab Poj Niam Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv BC, Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm British Columbia, 4500 Oak St., PO Box 178, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada, [email tiv thaiv].

Abstract

Cov menyuam yaus siv cov xov xwm hluav taws xob, suav nrog Is Taws Nem thiab vis dis aus tau nce ntau dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg pej xeem kwv yees li 3 teev nyob rau ib hnub. Qee tus menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev siv Is Taws Nem ua rau kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv rau "kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet." Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tshuaj xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm ADHD uas yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet thiab kev ua si, nws cov teeb meem, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov lus nug nyob rau qhov twg. Phau ntawv tshawb nrhiav tau ua tiav hauv PubMed thiab Psychinfo, nrog rau kev siv tes. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau qhia txog cov kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet xws li 25% nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem thiab hais tias nws yog kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj li lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv uas zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau kev xav ntawm psychopathology. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb pom tseeb tias cov kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab ADHD, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv, nrog ADHD tseem ceeb nrog cov nyiaj siv. ADHD cov me nyuam tej zaum yuav raug yooj yim vim hais tias cov kev ua si no ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv me me uas tsis xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv muab kev nplua nyiaj tam sim no nrog lub zog txhawb zog siab kom muaj lub txiaj ntsim ntxiv los ntawm kev sim rau qib tom ntej. Lub sij hawm siv ntawm cov kev ua si no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ADHD ntxiv, yog tias tsis ncaj nraim los ntawm kev poob lub sij hawm uas siv rau kev loj hlob. Thaum qhov no yog qhov teeb meem loj rau ntau tus niam txiv, tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev ua haujlwm rau kev kho mob zoo. Kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv siv Internet thiab tua kab mob yog ADHD cov hluas. Kev tshawb nrhiav yog txwv tsis pub muaj kev ntsuas rau cov hluas los yog niam txiv, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov me nyuam muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev kawm txog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev kho mob.

keywords: ADHD, Menyuam, Siv Computer, Siv Internet, Gaming
Mus rau:

Introduction

Lub xyoo dhau los no tau pom ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv Internet, video games, TV yeeb yaj kiab, suab paj nruag thiab yeeb yaj kiab, thiab kev sib tham sib txuas (Media Awareness Network 2005; Smith li al. 2009). Qhov kev hloov ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai tau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ua txhua hnub ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm lub peev xwm, nws tau nce kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus rau kev sib tham thiab muab tus nqi them rau cov lus luv luv ntawm kev sib txuas lus es tsis ua cov kab lus thiab cov ntawv. Qhov uas yav tas los me nyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua dawb hauv kev ua si hauv ntau pab pawg ua si, muaj ntau tus menyuam tam sim no nyob hauv ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm uas tej zaum yuav txawv teb chaws rau ntau leej niam leej txiv thiab ntau tus neeg txawv tebchaws rau feem ntau cov pog thiab yawg. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov "kev kab lis kev cai kab lis kev cai" tau ua ib qho kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev yau, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov no dais xav.

Hauv 2008, McCreary Center Society (Smith et al. 2009), tsis yog tsoomfwv, tsis yog ib lub koom haum ua haujlwm, muab kev tshawb fawb txog lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv Canada. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm hnub kawm ntawv, 25% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas siv nyiaj ntawm 3 teev saib TV thiab / lossis ua si hauv Is Taws Nem thiab 15% ua yeeb yaj kiab video rau ntau dua 3 teev (Smith et al. 2009)). Qhov no zoo ib yam li lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntawm Canadian cov hluas los ntawm Mark et al. qhia qhov ntsuas nruab nrab txhua hnub siv sijhawm ntawm 3 teev / hnub (Cim thiab Janssen 2008)). Muaj kev tawm tswv yim hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia txog lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam txhua hnub ntawm yuav luag 7 h / hnub hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas mus kawm chav kho mob hlwb (Baer et al. 2011). Yog tias tus me nyuam nruab nrab siv ib feem peb hnub ntawm cov kev ua ub no thiab cov me nyuam uas muaj feem yuav tau siv ntau lub sij hawm so rau cov kev ntsuam xyuas, kev pheej hmoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum raug ntsuam xyuas los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Ua ntej, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib tw no yog dab tsi? Qhov thib ob, qhov txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj kev poob ntawm cov dej num uas tau raug tso tseg hauv nws qhov chaw?

Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ntxias ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tau coj los siv lub sij hawm "kev tiv thaiv hauv internet" (Byun et al. 2009). Ntau lub ntsiab lus txhais tau rau hauv Internet kev siv tau raug npaj siab raws li qhov muaj feem xyuam rau kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab kev tswj hwm kev mob xws li compulsive gambling (Dawm 2005; Demetrovics li al. 2008; Ko li al. 2005b; 2009c; Shaw thiab dub 2008; Tao li al 2010; Fu li al 2010). Pcov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus ua tsis zoo rau kev siv Internet, lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tswj lawv txoj kev siv, thiab lawv txoj kev kub ntxhov thaum siv los tsawg. Txuas ntxiv siv txawm cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam dej num tseem ceeb hauv cov me nyuam lub neej xws li kev kawm, sib tham, noj mov, los yog pw tsaug zog yog qhov tseem ceeb. Muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov me nyuam txog seb kev ua si hauv Internet yog ib qho zoo siv sij hawm, thiab sib txawv ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov menyuam hauv kev tshawb fawb txog ADHD yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov chaw. Kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov tshwm sim no muaj ntau, nrog qee qhov sib cav nws yuav tsum tau suav nrog "teeb ​​meem" rau Diagnostic thiab Qhia Tawm Ntawm Cov Ntawv V (Vov 2008; Hinic li al. 2008; Kratzer thiab Hegerl 2008; Miller 2007; Pies 2009).

Nyob rau hauv 2006, HA thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau tshawb nrhiav thaum 455 cov menyuam thiab 836 cov hluas, 14% ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab 20% cov tub ntxhais hluas tau soj ntsuam zoo rau kev siv ntau hauv Internet (Ha et al. 2006). Cov kev tshawb fawb zoo li no qhia txog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas tau tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb: hauv Kauslim (Cho li al. 2008; Park et al. 2008), Qaib ntxhw (Ceyhan 2008), Taiwan (Lin thiab Yu 2008; Wan thiab Chiou 2006) Czechoslovakia (Simkova thiab Cincera 2004), Singapore (Mythily li al. 2008), Romania (Chirita li al. 2006), Ltalis (Coniglio li al. 2007; Ferraro li al. 2007), Iran (Ghassemzadeh li al. 2008), Tim Nkij teb chaws (Siomos li al. 2008), Norway (Johansson thiab Gotestam 2004), thiab Tuam Tshoj (Nkauj li al. 2010; Xu li al. 2008). Qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm feem ntau ntawm 2 thiab 20% nrog qee qhov qhia txog li 25% (Zboralski li al. 2009). Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau nrhiav pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet hauv Suav teb ntau dua li teb chaws Asmeskas, qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub luag haujlwm (Jackson et al. 2008). Baer li al. tau pom hais tias muaj cov nta muaj yees nrog correlated nrog psychopathology thiab haumxeeb xiam oob qhab, whereas raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis yog (Baer li al. 2011).

ADHD yog paub zoo tias yuav ua rau kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev quav tshuaj yeeb tshuaj (Cumyn li al. 2009; Ohlmeier li al. 2007, 2008) nrog rau kev tswj hwm tus kabmob xws li compulsive twv txiaj (Lawrence et al. 2009). Qhov no ua rau cov lus nug seb cov menyuam puas muaj feem nrog ADHD ntau dua qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv Internet los yog tua kab kev ua si.

Cov niam txiv nquag yws txog lawv cov menyuam siv sijhawm ntau heev ntawm kev ua si thiab qhov teeb meem uas lawv tau ntsib kom lawv tus menyuam ua raws li kev ua si. Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis yog lwm tus neeg tuaj sib ceg yuav muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau heev yog tias tus niam txiv rub tawm lub ntsaws rau nruab nrab ntawm kev ua si thaum tus menyuam tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia tawm. Cov niam txiv tuaj cuag kws kho mob nrog ntau cov lus nug: "Muaj pes tsawg lub sij hawm ntawm lub tshuab computer puas tsim nyog?" "Kuv yuav ua li cas kuv thiaj li tau txais kuv tus me nyuam kawm ua kom lub computer rho tawm?" "Yog tias nws nyob hauv lub computer txhua lub sijhawm, nws tsis ua si nrog lwm cov me nyuam los yog kev ntaus pob ncaws pob, puas yog qhov teeb meem no? "Txawm hais tias muaj qee cov lus qhia txog" sij hawm tso tawm "(AAP 2001), cov kws kho mob feem ntau yuav tsum tso siab rau lawv tus kheej cov tswv yim hauv kev teb cov lus nug ntau.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tshuaj xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv Internet thiab tsis yog Internet-based (off-line) video gaming nrog ADHD. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yuav hais txog ntau yam teeb meem. Yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua los txiav txim seb puas yog ADHD yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sij hawm muaj zog hauv computer los yog qhov chaw ua si? Yog li, peb ua li cas paub txog ADHD uas yuav ua rau cov menyuam yaus no yoojyim dua? Puas muaj lus pom zoo tias Internet thiab gaming tuaj yeem cuam tshuam dua lossis txhim kho cov kab mob ADHD? Peb yuav rov qab saib xyuas tej yam tau sau tseg txog kev kho mob rau kev siv internet thiab kev ua si los yog "kev tiv thaiv hauv internet." Thaum kawg, peb yuav nthuav qhia txog yam uas paub txog hnub, cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, thiab tej yam kev kawm yav tom ntej.

Mus rau:

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm ADHD, hauv Internet, thiab kev ua si hauv online

Thaum feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv Is Taws Nem yog tshooj sib tshooj, ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tsis ntev los no tau tshawb nrhiav ntau dua 2,000 cov tub ntxhais hluas txog 2 xyoos los txiav txim seb puas muaj cov tsos mob puas siab ntsws yuav twv tom qab kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv Internet (Ko et al. 2009b). Thaum kev nyuab siab thiab kev phobia muaj feem xyuam nrog cov teeb meem tom qab (tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntxhais), ADHD yog pom tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txoj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, kev ua yeeb yam, tom qab tswj kev sib deev thiab hnub nyoog. Saib cov poj niam txiv neej nyias muaj nyias, kev ua siab zoo yog qhov muaj zog tshaj ntawm cov tub thiab ADHD yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov ntxhais.

Cov kev kawm no yog ib qho uas tau los ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm ADHD cov tsos mob thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (Chan thiab Rabinowitz 2006; Ha et al. 2006; Yen li al. 2007, 2009; Yoo li al. 2004). Yen li al. pom tias cov tsos mob ntawm ADHD sib txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet hauv tus qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv 2,500 (Yen et al. 2009). Lub koom haum tshaj lij tau pom hauv cov ntxhais kawm ntawv, zoo ib yam li cov kev tshwm sim hauv Ko thiab al. kev tshawb nrhiav tus kheej. Cov koom haum zoo li no tau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov hnub nyoog me dua li nrog Yoo thiab al. qhia txog cov kab mob ADHD siab dua hauv cov menyuam kawm theem qis nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (Yoo li al. 2004). Cov koom haum ntawm ADHD thiab Internet tiv thaiv kuj tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov neeg hluas cov pej xeem nrog Yen et al. ceeb toom ntau dua ADHD, kev nyuab siab, thiab kev ua siab phem rau cov tub hluas uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, thiab ntau dua ADHD thiab kev nyuaj siab hauv cov ntxhais uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (Yen et al. 2007). Chan et al. tau sau txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ADHD cov tsos mob (tshwj xeeb yog kev sib cav) thiab siv sijhawm hauv Internet (Chan thiab Rabinowitz 2006).

ADHD kev phem xws li kev xav tsis zoo (Cao thiab Su 2007; Cao li al. 2007), extraversion (Mottram thiab Fleming 2009), disinhibition (Sun et al. 2009), thiab tsis tshua muaj tus kheej (Niemz li al. 2005) cuam tshuam nrog kev siv Internet thiab kev tsim txom. Ib qho kev kawm me me ncaj qha muab piv rau kev ua si hauv kev ua si hauv cov menyuam uas muaj ADHD tiv thaiv ntawm tus kheej (Bioulac li al. 2008). Interestingly, muaj tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv zaus lossis ntev npaum li cas ntawm kev ua si yees duab ntawm ob pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov me nyuam nrog ADHD pom tias muaj ntau tshaj li cov kev tiv thaiv, qhia tias nws tsis yog lub sij hawm ntau npaum li lub peev xwm siv los ua ntau tsav thiab teeb meem uas siv Internet sib txawv hauv ADHD piv rau cov pej xeem.

Ntxiv cov pov thawj rau kev sib txuas ntawm ADHD thiab kev siv Internet muaj nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob los ntawm Han et al. saib cov nyhuv ntawm methylphenidate kev kho hauv kev ua si hauv video (Han et al. 2009)). Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, 62 cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj nrog ADHD thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem tau kho nrog 8 lub limtiam ntawm methylphenidate. Nrog rau kev txo cov tsos mob ADHD, ob lub sijhawm siv Is Taws Nem thiab cov qhab nia ntawm kev sim tshuaj lom hauv Is Taws Nem tau pom tias yuav txo qis dua kev kho mob.

Hauv kev xaus, muaj ntau lub pov thawj rau ib qho kev sib koom ntawm cov teeb meem hauv Internet thiab siv kev ua si hauv online thiab siv ADHD. Hos lwm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab kuj tau pom tias muaj kev sib txuam nrog Internet (Chak thiab Leung 2004; Ryu li al. 2004; Shapira li al. 2000), Ko thiab al. Kev tshawb nrhiav txoj haujlwm qhia tau hais tias ADHD yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (Ko et al. 2009b). Qhov no yog thov tau cov lus nug, vim li cas? Dab tsi yog nws hais txog cov me nyuam nrog ADHD uas ua rau lawv raug tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov kev siv internet thiab tua kab tawm ua si?

ADHD cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus taw qhia thiab cov kev ua si ntau ntawm cov kev ua si ntau. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev ua si yog los ua kom muaj kev txhawb siab rau "mus rau qib tom ntej," uas muaj qhov kev sib txuas ua ke uas ua rau qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau kev txhawb nqa rau ADHD cov neeg mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, hloov cov ntxaij lim dej sai sai rau kev xav thiab ua haujlwm nco (Van De Voorde li al. 2010), kev siv dag zog yuam, lossis sau ntawv (Adi-Japha et al. 2007) txhua yam uas nyuaj rau ADHD. Cov neeg uas muaj ADHD yuav mus nrhiav kev txhawb zog ntawm kev muab nqi zog (Volkow li al. 2009). Video gaming tau pom tias yuav ua rau cov neeg tawm dag ntxiv (Kauspop li al. 1998) ua kom muaj kev zoo siab rau qhov no. Ntxiv cov pov thawj rau qhov kev xav no pom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm Han et al., Uas pom cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet tau nce nqi zog siab thiab muaj zog ntawm cov kab mob dopamine receptor gene implicated hauv alcoholism thiab pathologic twv txiaj, thaum piv nrog kev tswj ( Han et al. 2007). Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb pom tias kev siv yees hauv Internet hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas yog txuam nrog kev pheej hmoo rau Internet kev twv txiaj rau cov neeg laus, tab sis yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog piv rau lwm yam kev siv, ib qho kev cia siab tias kev muaj hnub nyoog me me yog qhov rooj rau qhov teeb meem loj hauv Internet hauv cov neeg laus xws li duab liab qab lossis twv txiaj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm ADHD thiab Internet los yog gaming yees siv tau sib koom nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ADHD kom ua zoo nkauj gaming, thaum gaming nws tus kheej ua rau cov nyhuv ntawm ADHD los ntawm qhov kev ua ub no tsis tu ncua kev tu ncua, kev ua haujlwm ceev, xav tau qhov nqi zog tam sim ntawd cov kev txhawj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab, lub sij hawm siv Internet thiab kev siv gaming ntev tuaj yeem txhawb ntxiv thiab ua kom tiav tus me nyuam txoj kev ua siab zoo rau kev lam ua, ceev nrooj, ntxim muaj zog. Qhov no kuj yog nyob rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev ua si uas tej zaum yuav ua rau lwm lub sijhawm ua si xws li kev ua si, kev ua si, suab paj nruag thiab kos duab, los yog cov koom haum ua pab pawg, uas yuav pab tsim kho, tswj tus kheej, tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev qhuab qhia, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev sib raug zoo. Txawm hais tias kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet tsis yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tsos mob DEHH ntxiv lawm, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev ua ub no yuav raug txuas nrog kev txo qis rau kev xyaum ua haujlwm, kev ua siab ntev, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm (Pob zeb 2007; Pob zeb diamond li al. 2007). Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas tej zaum yuav piav qhia txog ob txoj kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet thiab ADHD.

Kev pheej hmoo thiab kev pab cuam ntawm kev ua si video

Cov menyuam yaus yuav zoo siab rau theem uas lawv tau ua tiav hauv ib qho kev ua si. Tam sim no muaj cov kev ua si hauv Internet uas muaj cov menyuam yaus ua si hauv online nrog lawv cov phooj ywg thiab siv lub mloog zoo rau lub suab thaum ua si. Cov niam txiv feem ntau pom lawv tus me nyuam txoj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv kev ua si raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm zoo ua tib zoo mloog thiab nquag tshaj qhia lawv cov menyuam yog muaj siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab gaming txawj. Muaj, qhov tseeb, qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias qee cov qauv ntawm kev ua si hauv computer yuav tsim kom muaj kev txawj ntse thiab pom qhov muag pom (Ntsuab thiab Bavularer 2003). Qhov no nce tau rau lo lus nug hais tias seb puas muaj tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ib qho kev txawj ua video video rau cov menyuam uas muaj ADHD. Nws yog qhov ua tau hais tias qee qhov kev ua si yuav pab txhawb kev nyeem ntawv, yog tias nyeem ntawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, lossis kev tsav tsheb kom zoo. Lub computer program tau tsim los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm (Klingberg et al. 2005), tab sis qhov no tsis yog siv rau kev ua si ua si uas tsis tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no. Qhov tseeb, hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tswj kav, ADHD yog ntau npaum li kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua si video games raws li nws yog rau feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm (Lawrence et al. 2002, 2004), nrog rau cov menyuam yaus nrog ADHD ua zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua si hauv video games dua li ntawm lwm yam. Yog li, niam txiv txoj kev txiav txim siab tias kev ua si yog qhov lawv tus menyuam ua tau zoo dua yog qhov ntau tshaj qhov sib piv nrog lawv cov teeb meem hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb, txawm li cas los, tau pom hais tias cov me nyuam nrog ADHD, leej twg pom muaj qee cov teeb meem nrog kev xav tsis zoo rau kev ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas, tsis tau qhia tib yam teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev ua si, qhia tias kev ua si hauv video yuav yog cov ntsiab lus uas cuam tshuam kev ua yog xwm yeem txhawb ntxiv txij li nws yuav tsum tau ua hauv feem ntau cov kev ua si (Shaw et al. 2005).

Cov kev siv internet thiab kev ua si hauv Internet tau raug tshawb xyuas ntawm kev sib txheeb ntawm cov kev siv thiab cov txiaj ntsim tsis zoo xws li kev rog, kev ua phem, thiab tsev kawm ntawv tsis zoo (Mark thiab Janssen 2008; Ko li al. 2009d). Qhov kev txwv ntawm txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog tias lawv muaj raws li correlations thiab tsis tsim muaj. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau ntsib teeb meem rau ntau qhov teebmeem no thiab yog li ntawd qhov sib txheeb sib txuas lus yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm ntawm cov pejxeem tsis siv teeb meem siv Internet lossis kev ua si.

Kev khomob rau "kev siv internet"

Txawm hais tias siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv Internet thiab off-line gaming tau pom tias yog ib qho teeb meem, teeb meem thiab thoob ntiaj teb, tsis muaj cov qauv txhais thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas rau Internet kev txwv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Raws li tau hais los ntawm Weinstein thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis ntev los no, "Vim yog tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog, nws tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo kom pom cov kev pab cuam hauv Internet tiv thaiv" (Weinstein thiab Lejoyeux 2010). Muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev kho mob uas tau qhia txog kev ua tiav kev siv ntau hom kev kho mob. Feem ntau xyuas txog CBT thiab CBT pawg (Pujol Cda li al. 2009; Hluas 2007), whereas lwm tus tau saib xyuas qhov kev pab tawm tswv yim (Multzevel thiab Orzack) 1999; Shek et al. 2009), kws tshuaj (Dell'Osso li al. 2008; Han et al. 2009), kev kawm txhawb zog siab (Joo thiab Park 2010), abstinence (Kalke thiab Raschke 2004), thiab kev kho tsev neeg nrog kev sib tham tsis tu ncua thiab ua raws li tus qauv ntawm cov neeg quav cawv tsis qhia npe (Orzack thiab Orzack 1999). Thaum cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tias kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet tuaj yeem kho tau, peb tsis muaj kev tshawb xyuas los qhia tias kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws li cas, thiab tsis muaj cov kev sim xaiv los qhia tias cov kev kho mob tau ua zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tsis muaj cov txheej txheem los mus qhia cov tsev neeg txog kev pheej hmoo thiab cov txiaj ntsim zoo siv, los yog cov txheej txheem rau ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv xov xwm uas cov niam txiv yuav zoo li "kev siv sij hawm", tab sis rau cov me nyuam qhia txog lawv txoj kev ua pab pawg .

Cov kev txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntawv nyeem hauv Internet thiab tua kab yees kev ua si hauv online yog riddled nrog cov teeb meem kev teeb meem, ob peb yam tau teev muaj hauv kev txheeb xyuas tsis ntev los no (Abreu li al. 2008; Byun li al. 2009; Weinstein thiab Lejoyeux 2010). Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb tau piav saum toj no yog los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia tus kheej rau cov laus thiab siv rau cov hluas. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab heev, vim qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li nug ib qho dej cawv ntau npaum li cas nws haus dej-hauv txhua txoj kev tiv thaiv, muaj kev xav txo qis qhov teeb meem.

Tsis muaj kev lees paub tam sim no rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (tab sis ntau tau raug npaj tseg lawm (Dawm 2005; Demetrovics li al. 2008; Fu li al 2010; Ko li al. 2005b, 2009c; Shaw thiab dub 2008; Tao li al 2010) ua kev sib piv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nyuaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv ntawm cov kev ua ub no, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm kev siv Internet, tsis suav cov kev siv computer thiab chaw ua si siv, uas yog ib yam hauv cov menyuam yaus uas yuav ua ntau yam ntawm cov dej num no. Muaj me ntsis ua hauj lwm rau ntau cov ntawv nyeem, uas yog tam sim no feem ntau heev. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav (Ko et al. 2009b) thiab txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Lam thiab Peng (2010) cov kev tshawb fawb raug txwv rau kev sib txheeb, uas tsis nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab.

Ntxiv rau, cov ntsiab lus txawv ntawm kev sib tw. Ntau yam kev ntsuas tau siv los txheeb xyuas kev siv Internet thiab kev siv gaming (Beard 2005; Davis li al. 2002; Demetrovics li al. 2008; Johansson thiab Gotestam 2004; Khazaal li al. 2008; Ko li al. 2005a; Meerkerk li al. 2009; Nichols thiab Nicki 2004; Tejeiro Salguero thiab Bersabe Moran 2002). Muaj ntau cov kev ntsuas no tshwj xeeb heev rau hauv Internet siv. Ib qho nplai zoo nkaus li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video (xws li nyob los yog tua kab) (Tejeiro Salguero thiab Bersabe Moran 2002). Ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Internet tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Asia, thiab qee qhov kev siv ntau tshaj, xws li, Chen Hauv Internet Kev Nplai (Ko et al. 2009c, 2005a), tsis muaj txhais ua lus Askiv. Ib qho kev siv lus Askiv ntau tshaj plaws, Kev Siv Tshuaj Internet Khoos Phem (IAT) (Young 1998a, b) tau tsuas yog siv tau rau cov neeg laus (Tseeb thiab Txoj Cai Lij Choj 2008; Widyanto thiab McMurran 2004) thiab muaj cov lus nug uas tsis zoo rau cov me nyuam. Ib txoj kev tshawb xyuas kev tshawb xyuas nrog qee tus hluas, tab sis cov hnub nyoog ntawm qhov hnoos qav dhau ntawm 25 (Widyanto thiab McMurran 2004). Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim cov kev sib tham hauv Internet thiab kev sib tw ua si rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, ib tug yuav tau ceev faj txog ntawm tus menyuam tus kheej qhov kev ceeb toom uas yuav tsis tshua muaj sij hawm siv, xws li niam txiv kev xav tau. Vim tias muaj cov nplai no muaj kev pom zoo siv cuab yeej hla, nws yuav pab tau kom nkag siab cov lus nug nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus siab sau cov ntsiab lus.

Thaum kawg, muaj kev tshawb fawb me ntsis saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm kev siv Internet. Piv txwv, ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus cwj pwm txawv tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm "sib tham." Ib tug me nyuam nrog kev phobia yuav pib txoj kev sib ntsib ntawm cov neeg. Txawm nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm ADHD, cov me nyuam uas tau txais kev lees paub thiab tsis tuaj yeem tswj qhov nyuaj ntawm cov lus qhia kev sib raug zoo yuav ua tau zoo heev hauv kev sib tham uas cia siab rau kev ncua thiab sib tham hauv online. Thaum kawg, qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov kev tawm tswv yim rau kev qhia tsuas pib tshawb nrhiav.

Mus rau:

Ntsiab lus

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Internet thiab tua kab kev siv yees duab kev ua si thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshwj xeeb ADHD. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawm "kev tiv thaiv hauv internet" tseem muaj teeb meem (Shaffer li al. 2000), qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hnub tim, yog tias kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog ib qho teeb meem hauv nws txoj cai, thiab rau cov uas muaj kev ywj pheej nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj heev uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem pom thiab muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws. Nws tsis tshua paub meej tias Internet siv nws tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov kab mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev tsis taus los yog ib qho yooj yim ntawm qhov teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tseem tsis tau paub seb puas muaj peev xwm rau cov kev tshaj tawm no los txhawb cov menyuam yaus, piv txwv li qhib kev tshiab ntawm kev kawm lossis nce cov sijhawm rau socialization. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pov thawj tau muab tso rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas no ua rau muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm ADHD thiab Internet, thiab kev siv video games siv, tawm tswv yim tias tus kws kho mob xyuas cov menyuam nrog ADHD yuav tsum niaj hnub nug txog cov haujlwm no. Cov lus txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau zoo dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li "kev tiv thaiv internet" thiab kev tsim kho kev txhim kho kev ntsuas rau cov hluas. Peb tab tom xav tau kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv computer thiab kev tsim txom thiab ADHD, nws cov kev pheej hmoo, kev pab, thiab kev kho mob. Tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau los txiav txim seb puas muaj kev koom tes ntxiv rau kev ua ub no hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj ntsuam tau qis dua; kev tshawb fawb ntawm ADHD cov me nyuam txog tej kev tswj ntawm lub sij hawm tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv ntawm kev sib txheeb ntawm kev sib thooj ntawm lub sij hawm tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev xiam hoob khab. Peb xav tau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas txhua tus niam txiv nug.

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb:

  1. Kev ua si hauv hluav taws xob suav nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev ua si tsis sib xws tau dhau los ntawm cov hluas, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3 teev ib hnub rau cov pej xeem, thiab tshaj 6 teev nyob rau ib hnub hauv cov pej xeem hlwb.
  2. Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws raug tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet thiab siv ntau dua, nrog ADHD yog qhov feem ntau qhov yuav raug.
  3. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kab lis kev cai no nthuav txog me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob thiab nyob rau hauv kev xav ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas xav tau kev tshawb xyuas, tshwj xeeb yog muab lub sij hawm poob ntawm lwm cov kev ua ub ua no.
  4. Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim tshuaj ntsuam ntawm ADHD cov tsos mob thiab cov tsis sib haum txog kev tsis txaus siab yog tsis paub.
  5. Txawm tias cov niam txiv tsa qhov teebmeem no thiab nrhiav kev pabcuam los ntawm cov kws khomob hlwb, tsis muaj kev sib tw rau kev siv khib nyiab rau hauv Internet.
Mus rau:

Qhib Access

Tsab ntawv no muab faib raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Licence uas tso cai rau kev siv, faib, thiab luam tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv (s) thiab qhov chaw tau txais nyiaj.

Mus rau:

References

  • AAP American academy of pediatrics: cov menyuam, cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab TV. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):423–426. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.2.423. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Abreu CN, Karam RG, Mus DS, Spritzer DT. Kev siv yees hauv Internet thiab yees duab: kev ntsuam xyuas. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008;30(2):156–167. doi: 10.1590/S1516-44462008000200014. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Adi-Japha E, Landau YE, Frenkel L, Teicher M, Gross-Tsur V, Shalev RS. ADHD thiab dysgraphia: lwm cov mechanisms. Cortex. 2007;43(6):700–709. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70499-4. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Baer S, Bogusz E, Ntsuab DA. Daig ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus: cov qauv ntawm lub computer thiab gaming chaw siv rau cov hluas pom hauv lub tsev kho kev puas siab ntsws. J Yuav Tau Acad Tus Menyuam Hluas Psychology. 2011;20(2): 86-94. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed]
  • Tshaj KW. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: kev ntsuam xyuas cov tswv yim kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no thiab cov lus nug rau cov lus nug. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005;8(1):7–14. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.7. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Bioulac S, Arfi L, Bouvar MP. Ua tib zoo saib kev ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem / kev ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab kev ua si video: kev sib piv ntawm cov menyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv. Eur Psychiatry. 2008;23(2):134–141. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.11.002. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Nres JJ. Cov teeb meem rau DSM-V: kev siv internet. Kuv J Psychiatry. 2008;165(3):306–307. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Los ntawm S, Ruffine C, Mills JE, Douglas AC, Niang M, Stepchenkova S, Lee SK, Loutfi J, Lee JK, Atallah M, Blanton M. Siv Internet: metasynthesis ntawm 1996-2006 ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12(2):203–207. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.0102. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Cao F, Su L. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet ntawm Suav cov tub ntxhais hluas: kev muaj zog thiab puas siab puas ntsws. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Zov Me Nyuam. 2007;33(3):275–281. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00715.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Cao F, Su L, Liu T, Gao X. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Suav. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(7):466–471. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.004. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ceyhan AA. Predictors ntawm problematic internet siv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv Turkish university. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(3):363–366. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0112. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Chak K, Leung L. Shyness thiab qhov chaw tswj ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab siv internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2004;7(5): 559-570. [PubMed]
  • Chan PA, Rabinowitz T. Ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib tw hauv kev yees duab thiab kev paub tsis meej cov kab mob hauv cov hluas. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2006;5:16. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-5-16. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Tseej MK, Txoj Kevcai SPM. Qhov teeb meem loj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: ib qho kev kawm ncaj ncees. Comput Human Behav. 2008;24(6):2597–2619. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.03.001. [Cross Ref]
  • Chirita V, Chirita R, Stefanescu C, Chele G, Ilinca M. Khoos phib tawj siv thiab yees hauv Romanian cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas-kev tshawb xyuas kev soj ntsuam. Los ntawm Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2006;110(3): 526-532. [PubMed]
  • Cho SC, Kim JW, Kim BN, Lee JH, Kim EH. Biogenetic tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Kauslim cov hluas uas siv teeb meem siv internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(6):735–737. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0285. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Coniglio MA, Muni V, Giammanco G, Pignato S. Txwv tsis pub siv internet ntau thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: tawm tsam txog kev noj qab haus huv. Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2007;63(2): 127-136. [PubMed]
  • Cum L, Fabkis L, Hechtman L. Comorbidity rau cov neeg laus uas muaj kev paub xim tsis zoo. Tau J Psychiatry. 2009;54(10): 673-683. [PubMed]
  • Davis RA, Flett GL, Besser A. Txoj cai tshiab ntawm kev ntsuas teeb meem internet siv: qhov cuam tshuam rau kev kuaj mob ua ntej. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2002;5(4):331–345. doi: 10.1089/109493102760275581. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Dell'Osso B, Hadley S, Allen A, Baker B, Chaplin WF, Hollander E. Escitalopram nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm impulsive-compulsive internet kev tsis meej: ib qho kev qhib-ntawv sim tom qab ob lub qhov muag tsis pom kev lawm. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(3):452–456. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v69n0316. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Demetrovics Z, Szeredi B, Rozsa S. Peb qhov qauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: kev tsim teeb meem hauv internet siv lus nug. Behav Res Txoj Kev. 2008;40(2):563–574. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.2.563. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Pob zeb diamond A. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm variations nyob rau hauv cov noob uas cuam tshuam rau dopamine nyob rau hauv prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2007;17(Khoom 1): i161-i170. doi: 10.1093 / cercor / bhm082. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Pob zeb diamond A, Barnett WS, Thomas J, Munro S. Preschool kev pab cuam zoo dua tswj kav. Science. 2007;318(5855):1387–1388. doi: 10.1126/science.1151148. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ferraro G, Caci B, D'Amico A, Di Blasi M. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: kev kawm Italian. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(2):170–175. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9972. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Fu KW, Chan WS, Wong PW, Yip PS. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: kev sib cai, kev ntxub ntxaug thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas hauv Hong Kong. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196(6):486–492. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075002. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ghassemzadeh L, Shahraray M, Moradi A. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev siv internet thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov neeg siv internet thiab cov neeg tsis muaj thiv hauv Iranian cov tsev kawm ntawv theem siab. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(6):731–733. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0243. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Green CS, Bavularer D. Kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam hloov kho qhov muag. Xwm. 2003;423: 534-537. doi: 10.1038 / nature01647. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Hwm JH, Yoo HJ, Menyuam, Hin B, Dab Dab D, Kim JH. Psychiatric comorbidity txheeb xyuas hauv Kauslim cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau hauv internet kev tiv thaiv. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(5):821–826. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v67n0517. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Han DH, Young SL, Yang KC, Kim E, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF. Dopamine noob thiab nqi zog nyob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev ua si hauv internet ua si ntau. J Addict Med. 2007;1(3):133–138. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31811f465f. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Han DH, Lee YS, Na C, Ahn JY, Chung US, Daniels MA, Haws CA, Renshaw PF. Cov nyhuv ntawm methylphenidate hauv internet yees duab ua si hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev txhawj ntse / mob siab tsis zoo. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50(3):251–256. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.011. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Hinic D, Mihajlovic G, Spiric Z, Dukic-Dejanovic S, Jovanovic M. Ntev li ntawm kev siv hauv kev siv hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet los tsis? Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008;65(10):763–767. doi: 10.2298/VSP0810763H. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Kev sib txawv hauv kev coj ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab cov neeg ntiaj teb: ib qho kev sib piv ntawm Suav thiab Asmeslivkas cov tub ntxhais hluas. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(3):279–286. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0098. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Johansson A, Gotestam KG. Kev tiv thaiv Is Taws Nem: cov cwj pwm ntawm cov lus nug thiab nthuav dav hauv cov hluas Norwegian (12-18 xyoo) Scand J Psychol. 2004;45(3):223–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00398.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Joo A, Chaw Park I. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev pabcuam kev kawm txhawb kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev ua si hauv kev kawm hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab. J Kauslim Acad Nurs. 2010;40(2):255–263. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.255. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Kalke J, Raschke P. Kev kawm los ntawm kev ua: 'pib abstinence', ib lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li kev tiv thaiv kev quav tshuaj. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas txoj kev kawm. Eur Addict Res. 2004;10(2):88–94. doi: 10.1159/000076119. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Khazaal Y, Billieux J, Thorens G, Khan R, Louati Y, Scarlatti E, Theintz F, Lederrey J, Linden M, Zullino D. Fabkis txoj cai ntawm kev sib tw hauv internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(6):703–706. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0249. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, Johnson M, Gustafsson P, Dahlstrom K, Gillberg CG, Forssberg H, Westerberg H. Kev kawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cov menyuam uas muaj ADHD-kev sib tw, kev sim tswj. J Am Acad Tus Me Nyuam Muaj Psychology. 2005;44(2):177–186. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Yen YY, Yen CF, Chen C-C, Yen CN, Chen SH. Kev soj ntsuam txog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev txiav txim siab txog kev txiav tawm ntawm Chen Tus Khw hauv Internet. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2005;21(12):545–551. doi: 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70206-2. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen C-C, Chen SH, Yen CF. Lub tswv yim qhia txog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet rau cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193(11):728–733. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000185891.13719.54. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Liu GC, Hsiao S, Yen JY, Yang MJ, Lin WC, Yen CF, Chen CS. Lub hlwb kev ua si nrog kev ua si ntawm kev ua si hauv online gaming. J Psychiatr Res. 2009;43(7):739–747. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS, Yeh YC, Yen CF. Qhov kwv yees muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet hauv cov hluas: muaj kev kawm 2 xyoo yav tom ntej. Kws Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(10):937–943. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.159. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen SH, Yaj MJ, Lin HC, Yen CF. Cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev siv internet hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50(4):378–384. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.019. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Liu SC, Huang CF, NY CF. Cov koom haum ntawm kev cwj pwm nruj nruj thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab kev ua hauv internet hauv cov hluas. J Hluas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. 2009;44(6):598–605. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.011. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Koepp MJ, Gunn RN, Lawrence AD, Cunningham VJ, Dagher A, Jones T, Brooks DJ, Lub rooj sib tw CJ, Lus Askiv PM. Cov pov thawj rau kev tso dej dopamine tawm thaum lub caij ua si video. Xwm. 1998;393: 266-268. doi: 10.1038 / 30498. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Kratzer S, Hegerl U. Puas yog "kev tiv thaiv hauv internet" ib qho teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej-kawm txog kev kawm nrog kev siv internet ntau heev. Psychiatr Prax. 2008;35(2):80–83. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-970888. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Lam LT, Peng ZW (2010) Cov nyhuv ntawm kev siv internet rau cov neeg muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv kev puas siab ntsws: kev cia siab rau txoj kev kawm. Kws Pediatr Cov Hluas Kev 164 (10): 901-906.
  • Lawrence V, Houghton S, Tannock R, Douglas G, Durkin K, Whiting K. ADHD sab nraum cov kev kuaj: cov tub hluas 'ua haujlwm kom ua tau zoo rau cov dej num hauv kev ua si hauv kev ua si thiab mus xyuas qhov zoo. J Abnorm Child Child Psychol. 2002;30(5):447–462. doi: 10.1023/A:1019812829706. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Lawrence V, Houghton S, Douglas G, Durkin K, Whiting K, Tannock R. Txawj Ua Haujlwm thiab ADHD: kev sib piv ntawm cov menyuam qhov kev kawm thaum lub sijhawm kev kuaj hlwb thiab kev ua ub ua no. J Qhia Rau Me Nyuam. 2004;7(3):137–149. doi: 10.1177/108705470400700302. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Lawrence AJ, Luty J, Bogdan NA, Sahakian BJ, Clark L. Cov neeg muaj teeb meem kev twvtxiaj yog sib koom nrog kev txiavtxim siab rau cov tibneeg uas haus cawv. Txhaj. 2009;104(6):1006–1015. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02533.x. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Lin CH, Yu SF. Cov tub ntxhais hluas siv internet nyob hauv Taiwan: tshawb cov poj niam sib txawv. Tub Hluas. 2008;43(170): 317-331. [PubMed]
  • Mark AE, Janssen I. Kev txheeb ze ntawm lub sij hawm tshuaj ntsuam thiab cov metabolic syndrome hauv cov hluas. J Public Health. 2008;30(2):153–160. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdn022. [Cross Ref]
  • Media Khiav Network (2005) Media Daws Qhov Network: cov tub ntxhais hluas Canadians hauv Wired World-Phase II http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/research/YCWW/phaseII/upload/YCWWII_trends_recomm.pdf. Tau Lub Plaub Hlis 9 2010.
  • Meerkerk GJ, Eijnden RJ, Vermulst AA, Garretsen HF. Kev siv qhov tob hauv internet (CIUS): qee cov kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12(1):1–6. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.0181. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Miller MC. Cov lus nug & lus teb. Puas yog “kev siv internet” yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws? Harv Ment Health Lett. 2007;24(4): 8.
  • Mottram AJ, Fleming MJ. Kev quab yuam, kev ua tsis taus, thiab kev ua tswv cuab hauv online ua ib qhov kev twv seb siv teeb meem hauv internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12(3):319–321. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0170. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Mythily S, Qiu S, Winslow M. Prevalence thiab sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv internet ntau hauv cov hluas hauv Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37(1): 9-14. [PubMed]
  • Nichols LA, Nicki R. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub suab npliag npliag nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum ua internet: lub kauj ruam ua ntej. Psychol Addict Behav. 2004;18(4):381–384. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.18.4.381. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Niemz K, Griffiths M, Banyard P. Tiv thaiv txoj kev siv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog tus kheej, cov lus nug kev noj qab haus huv (GHQ), thiab disinhibition. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005;8(6):562–570. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.562. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ohlmeier MD, Peters K, Kordon A, Seifert J, Wild BT, Wiese B, Ziegenbein M, Emrich HM, Schneider U. Nicotine thiab haus cawv nyob hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj teeb meem nrog tus mob comicid-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Cawv Cawv. 2007;42(6): 539-543. [PubMed]
  • Ohlmeier MD, Peters K, Te Wildt BT, Zedler M, Ziegenbein M, Wiese B, Emrich HM, Schneider U. Comorbidity ntawm cawv thiab quav tshuaj yeeb nrog xim ntse / tsis muaj zog (ADHD) Cawv Cawv. 2008;43(3): 300-304. [PubMed]
  • Orzack MH, Orzack DS. Kev kho mob ntawm cov khoos phis tawj nrog cov kabmob ntawm kev mob hlwb. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1999;2(5):465–473. doi: 10.1089/cpb.1999.2.465. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Park SK, Kim JY, Cho CB. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab kev sib txheeb nrog tsev neeg yam tseem ceeb ntawm South Kauslim cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tub Hluas. 2008;43(172): 895-909. [PubMed]
  • Pies R. Puas yog DSM-V xaiv "kev tiv thaiv hauv internet" puas hlwb? Psychiatry Edgmont. 2009;6(2): 31-37. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed]
  • Pujol Cda C, Alexandre S, Sokolovsky A, Karam RG, Spritzer DT. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: kev xam pom ntawm kev paub txog tus cwj pwm kev coj cwj pwm. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2009;31(2):185–186. doi: 10.1590/S1516-44462009000200019. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Ryu EJ, Choi KS, Seo JS, Nam BW. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, kev nyuaj siab thiab suicidal ideology rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Daehan Ganho Haghoeji. 2004;34(1): 102-110.
  • Shaffer HJ, Hall MN, Bilt J. "Khoos phis tawj": ib qho tseem ceeb xav. Kuv J Orthopsychiatry. 2000;70(2):162–168. doi: 10.1037/h0087741. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Shapira NA, Goldsmith TD, Keck PE, Kholsa UM, McElroy SL. Psychiatric nta ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj teeb meem siv internet. J Nqis Tshaj Tawm Dis. 2000;57:267–272. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00107-X. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Shaw M, Dub DW. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: txhais, kev txheeb xyuas, epidemiology thiab kev tswj xyuas kev mob. CNS Tshuaj. 2008;22(5):353–365. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Shaw R, Grayson A, Lewis V. Inhibition, ADHD, thiab kev ua si hauv tshuab hlwb hlau: kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau cov menyuam uas muaj ADHD rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua si. J Sis Kev Ntseeg. 2005;8(4):160–168. doi: 10.1177/1087054705278771. [Cross Ref]
  • Shek DT, Tang VM, Lo CY. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev pabcuam hauv Internet uas muaj kev pabcuam rau cov hluas nyob rau hauv Hong Kong. Tub Hluas. 2009;44(174): 359-373. [PubMed]
  • Simkova B, Cincera J. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet thiab sib tham hauv Czech koom pheej. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2004;7(5): 536-539. [PubMed]
  • Siomos KE, Dafouli ED, Braimiotis DA, Mouzas OD, Angelopoulos NV. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lus Greek. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11(6):653–657. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.0088. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Smith A, Stewart D, Peled M, Poon C, Saev E. Daim duab ntawm kev noj qab haus huv: cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los ntawm 2008 BC Tus Neeg Hluas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. Vancouver: Lub Koomhaum McCreary Center; 2009.
  • Nkauj XQ, Zheng L, Li Y, Yu DX, Wang ZZ. Txoj cai ntawm 'kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv internet' (IAD) thiab nws txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qib kaum ib hauv Wuhan. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010;31(1): 14-17. [PubMed]
  • Sun DL, Chen ZJ, Ma N, Zhang XC, Fu XM, Zhang DR. Kev txiav txim siab-txiav txim siab thiab kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg siv coob hauv internet. CNS Spectr. 2009;14(2): 75-81. [PubMed]
  • Tao R, Huang X, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li M. Lub tswv yim qhia txog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet. Txhaj. 2010;105(3):556–564. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02828.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Tejeiro Salguero RA, Bersabe Moran RM. Ntsuas teebmeem video ua si hauv cov hluas. Txhaj. 2002;97:1601–1606. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00218.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Voorde S, Roeyers H, Verte S, Wiersema JR. Ua haujlwm nco, teb inhibition, thiab muaj kev sib txawv hauv cov menyuam uas muaj kev txhawj ntse / mob siab tsis meej lossis nyeem tsis meej. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010;32(4):366–379. doi: 10.1080/13803390903066865. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Kollins SH, Wigal TL, Newcorn JH, Telang F, Fowler JS, Zhu W, Logan J, Ma Y, Pradhan K, Wong C, Swanson JM. Soj ntsuam xyuas dopamine nqi zog hauv ADHD: kev kuaj mob. JAMA. 2009;302(10):1084–1091. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1308. [PMC dawb tsab xov xwm] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Wan CS, Chiou WB. Vim li cas cov tub ntxhais hluas uas raug rau hauv online gaming? kev sib tham hauv Taiwan. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(6):762–766. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.762. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M (2010) Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet los yog siv internet ntau heev. Am J Tshuaj Yeeb Cawv Siv 36 (5): 277-283. doi: 10.3109 / 00952990.2010.491880.
  • Widyanto L, McMurran M. Cov kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm kev sib tw hauv internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2004;7(4):443–450. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2004.7.443. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Xu J, Shen LX, Yan CH, Wu ZQ, Ma ZZ, Jin XM, Shen XM. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet ntawm Shanghai cov hluas: cov kev mob thiab cov nyom epidemiological. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Zia Zhi. 2008;42(10): 735-738. [PubMed]
  • Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, Yang MJ. Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg muaj mob hauv lub hlwb hauv internet: kev paub tsis meej thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb (ADHD), kev nyuaj siab, kev phobia, thiab kev ua siab phem. J Hluas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. 2007;41(1):93–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.002. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Kev sib tw ntawm ADHD cov laus thiab cov yeeb yaj duab hauv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab: qhov txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009 (12): 2-187.
  • Yoo HJ, Cho SC, Nws J, Yune SK, Kim SJ, Hwang J, Chung A, Sung YH, Lyoo IK. Mloog cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv internet. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004;58(5):487–494. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Cov hluas KS. Caught nyob rau hauv lub net: yuav ua li cas paub txog cov cim ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet-thiab ib lub tswv yim uas yuav zoo rov los. New York: Wiley; 1998.
  • Cov hluas KS. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj mob tshiab. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1998;1(3):237–244. doi: 10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237. [Cross Ref]
  • Cov hluas KS. Kev paub txog kev coj tus cwj pwm nrog kev siv internet: cov txiaj ntsim kev kho mob thiab qhov cuam tshuam. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007;10(5):671–679. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.9971. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Zboralski K, Orzechowska A, Talarowska M, Darmosz A, Janiak A, Janiak M, Florkowski A, Galecki P. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev siv computer thiab internet ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Hauv internet) 2009;63: 8-12. [PubMed]