Yees Duab Ua Si Siv Hauv Kev Kho Mob ntawm Amblyopia: Uas Siv Cov Phem ntawm Kev Txom Nyem (2015)

Mus rau:

Abstract

Cov vis dis aus tau ua rau muaj koob npe nrov vim lawv qhov lom ze thiab nrog kev hloov tshiab tsis ntev los no, lawv siv hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tshawb txog ob yam hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv kev kho qhov tsis pom kev hauv kev tsis txaus ntseeg zoo li lawv lub peev xwm siv ntau thiab siv yees. Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tshuaj xyuas kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab los ntawm kev xav txog biopsychosocial thiab cuam tshuam cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ua si nrog lawv siv los ua kev kho mob rau cov tshuaj amblyopia. Cov ntawv nyeem tam sim no txhawb nqa ob qho tib si cim kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab raws li tus kab mob, nrog rau kev kho cov peev xwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab video hauv kev sim kho mob. Peb qhia qhov xav tau rau cov kws kho mob kom paub txog cov kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog kev siv yeeb yaj kiab ntau dhau los thiab kev xav tau rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej los tshuaj xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv.

keywords: video games, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, Internet twv txiaj, xyoob ntoo, kev twv txiaj hauv online

Introduction

Cov yees duab yeeb yaj kiab tau nce zuj zus nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj npe txij li lub hnub thaum ntxov Atari® thiab Pac-man® hauv 1970s thiab 1980s. Raws li 2014 daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Cov Chaw Lom Zem Software (ESA †), 59 feem pua ​​ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas ua yeeb yaj kiab video [1]. Kev ua thiab tua phom ua si ua tus thawj kav khw los ntawm kev muag khoom (Daim duab 1)). ESA, suav nrog cov ua yeeb yaj kiab saum toj kawg nkaus, pleev xim rau qhov kev xav zoo: Lawv taw qhia tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua si sib xws / kev sib raug zoo lossis pawg ua si (29 feem pua ​​thiab 28 feem pua, feem ntau) hauv kev tshawb fawb txog 2,200 tsev neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm siv sijhawm los tso rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, muaj duab sib txawv. Kev tshawb fawb thoob tebchaws 1,178 Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais hluas 8 txog 18 xyoo hnub nyoog pom 88 feem pua ​​ua si cov yeeb yaj kiab video nruab nrab ntawm 13.2 teev ib as thiv [2]. Cov tub hluas tau siv sijhawm ntau dua li cov menyuam ntxhais hauv video games (16.4 teev piv rau 9.2 teev / vas thiv, p <0.001) [2]. Hauv ib qhov kev teeb tsa, pathological video gaming yog txhais tias muaj tsawg kawg yog rau ntawm 11 cov tsos mob raws li cov hauv qab no: muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv lossis kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev, xav txog kev ua si, kev hloov kho kev xav (ua si vim tias tsis zoo), tshem tawm, thiab ntau dhau nyiaj siv rau ntawm kev ua si [2]. Raws li lub ntsiab lus no, 11.9 feem pua ​​ntawm cov tub thiab 2.9 feem pua ​​ntawm cov ntxhais tau pom tias yog pathological gamers [2].

Daim duab 1 

Cov khoom lag luam muag tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv 2013 los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Asmeskas raws li luam tawm los ntawm Cov Chaw Lom Zem Software Software [1].

Teeb meem siv vis dis aus siv tau ua teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov uas tsis muaj peev xwm siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev quav tshuaj muaj yees ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Asia [3-5]. Tam sim no, Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj tuav cov lag luam online twv txiaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab xav tias yuav tau nce ob npaug los ntawm $ 11.9 billion hauv 2013 rau $ 23.4 billion los ntawm 2018 [6]. Kev tshawb nrhiav kabmob sib kis hauv tebchaws Hong Kong tshaj tawm 15.6 feem pua ​​ntawm qib 8 rau 11 cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj kev yees duab yees yeeb yaj kiab, siv cov yeeb yaj kiab Ntxiv Siv (Daim duab 2) [4]. Cov kab ua si nyob hauv Is Taws Nem hauv Suav teb feem ntau pom thoob plaws hauv lub nroog thiab feem ntau yog ua kom muaj peev xwm.

Daim duab 2 

Peb qho kev hloov pauv hloov yees yeeb yaj kiab. Cov tub ntxhais yees ntawm Kev Ua Si Yees Siv Yeeb yaj kiab suav nrog nrog rau qhov sib txuam ua ke ntawm kev muaj yees. Lub DSM-5 Cov lus qhia hauv Internet Gaming Disorder txhais cov ntsiab lus ntxiv peb, thiab thaum kawg qhov Game ...

Raws li kev yees duab ua si nce nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj npe, txoj hauv kev tshiab los siv lawv rau cov hom phiaj tsim khoom tau tshwm sim. Ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab video yog sedentary (tswj los ntawm cov ntiv tes txav los ntawm cov khawm ntawm cov maub los lossis keyboard) thiab cov lus qhia nquag (tswj los ntawm lub cev loj dua txav). Lub tswv yim ua si dhia ntawm Nintendo Wii® thiab lwm yam kev sim siv tau coj los sim laparoscopic thiab tsom rau kev phais mob rau cov kws phais neeg [7,8]. Lwm qhov kev tawm tswv yim zoo yees duab ntawm Xbox Kinect® tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho kev tsav tsheb [9]. Simulators nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoos phib tawj ua si kuj tau siv los cob qhia txog kev sim ya thiab astronauts [10,11]. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog tsis ntev los no muaj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab sedentary qhia txog cov peev xwm hauv kev kho cov neeg mob amblyopia, tus mob neurodevelopmental cuam tshuam rau lub zeem muag. Ubisoft®, tuam txhab tsim kho yeeb yaj kiab video, thiab nws cov neeg koom tes yog tam sim no nrhiav kev pom zoo los ntawm Asmeskas Chaw Tswj Khoom Noj thiab Yeeb Tshuaj rau kev ua si ntsiav tshuaj hauv kev kho mob ntawm amblyopia [12].

Muab nws lub peev xwm ntawm kev kho mob thiab pathology, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tshawb txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video hauv kev ua rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab txo kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Tshwj xeeb, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no kuaj xyuas kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab los ntawm kev xav txog biopsychosocial thiab cuam tshuam txog kev yees duab yeeb yaj kiab 'kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog lawv siv ua kev kho mob. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no suav nrog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab sedentary (piv txwv li, Is Taws Nem, computer, console, thiab games games) tab sis tsis suav cov kev tawm tswv yim ua si video, vim tias cov no tsis tau txheeb pom tias muaj yees.

Yees Siv Yeeb Yaj Kiab Ua Haujlwm: Ua Haujlwm Mus Rau Lub Chaw Haujlwm Cov Lus Txhais

Txij li thawj daim ntawv piav qhia txog kev yees yeeb yaj kiab kho yees duab hauv 1983, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau tawm tsam kev pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video [13]. Kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab, teeb meem kev ua si, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video, thiab kev ua si hauv Internet twv txiaj yuam pov yog cov lus sib txawv uas siv los piav qhia txog tib qho kev tshwm sim uas cov neeg ua si sib tw ua si tsis tu ncua txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Hauv Diagnostic thiab Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Tawm Tsam rau Kev Nyuaj Siab Xwm-5 (DSM-5) cov lus piav qhia ntxiv tom qab, Cov kev sib twv txog kev twv txiaj hauv Is Taws Nem nyob hauv nqe lus ntawm Kev Mob rau Kev Tshawb Fawb ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kab mob sib xws thiab Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua Nws hais txog "kev siv tsis tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm Is Taws Nem los koom nrog kev ua si, feem ntau nrog lwm tus neeg ua si, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo hauv tsev kho mob lossis kev ntxhov siab uas tau hais los ntawm tsib (lossis ntau dua) [cov txheej txheem] hauv 12-lub hlis"14].

Qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yees duab yees duab tau sib cav hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj pom thiab ntsuas ntsuas yog teev nyob hauv Daim duab 2Cov. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov yees yeeb tshuaj yees duab tsim los ntawm Griffiths yog kev kho siab, kev hloov siab, kev ua siab ntev, tshem tawm cov tsos mob, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab rov tshwm tawm [15]. Qhov tsis sib xws, DSM-5 cov txheej txheem rau kev ua si hauv Internet twv txiaj yuam pov muaj cov kev tiv thaiv ntxiv uas qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsis txaus siab rau cov haujlwm nyiam ua dhau los, kev siv ntau dhau txawm tias muaj kev paub txog teebmeem kev xav, thiab kev dag ntxias (dag cov neeg hauv tsev neeg thiab lwm tus hais txog lub sijhawm siv video games) [14]. Qhov kev kuaj mob yog txiav txim siab lees paub los ntawm kev sib ntsib tsawg kawg tsib ntawm cov txheej txheem. Thaum kawg, Game Game Scale Scale yog 21-yam khoom siv los ntawm DSM-raws cov qauv uas cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem kev siv video, nrog rau kev siv yees duab, kev kho siab, kev tsis txaus siab lub neej, kev tsis sib raug zoo, thiab kev ua phem [16]. Ib yam li ntawd, lwm cov lus nug, qhov twv yeeb yaj kiab twv yees yeeb yaj kiab, yog tau los ntawm Kev Siv Sab Hauv Internet Siv Nplai. Nws yog 14-cov lus nug cov lus nug nrog cov qhab nia siab dua sib txheeb nrog cov sij hawm ntau dua rau kev siv yees duab ua si thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav ntawm lub hlwb [17].

Hauv txoj kev xaus, ntau qhov kev ntsuas thiab kev xeem tau thov rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov teeb meem siv yeeb yaj kiab video. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm siv sijhawm ua yeeb yaj kiab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv teebmeem, nws yog qhov kawg lub hlwb tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau ib tus lub neej uas qhov txawv qhov kev ua si dhau los ntawm cov teeb meem video siv [15].

Lub Neuropathology ntawm Kev Ua Si Yees Siv Video

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas lub hlwb cov duab los qhia qhov tseeb ntawm neuropathology ntawm cov teeb meem siv yeeb yaj kiab yees duab thiab nthuav qhia nws qhov cuam tshuam rau cov leeg hlwb. Electroencephalograms (EEG), kev sib nqus cov duab sib piv (MRI), thiab positron emission tomography (PET) tau siv tag nrho los nkag siab txog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video [18,19]. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab ua raws tib txoj kev neural zoo li lwm qhov muaj yees ntxiv [19,20]. Cov tsiaj ua piv txwv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv ua si lub koos pij tawj qhov kev ua si lub siab ua rau dopamine tso tawm hauv qhov sib txig sib luag rau qhov uas tso tawm los ntawm amphetamines lossis methylphenidates [18]. Kev soj ntsuam fMRI ntawm 22 txiv neej gamers thiab 23 txiv neej tswj tau pom tias txo lub hlwb ua haujlwm hauv sab laug qis qis ntawm sab hauv gyrus raws li txoj cai qis qis parietal lobe [21], kev tshawb pom ib kab nrog lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb uas cuam tshuam cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj nrog kev ua si cortical tuab nyob hauv cov chaw no [22].

Han li al. pom tias cov ncauj lus ob qho tib si nrog thiab tsis muaj cov lus pom zoo rau cov teeb meem siv tau hloov cov haujlwm hauv lub hlwb tom qab 6-lub lim tiam ntawm kev ua si video games [23]. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nphav raug cov cues, cov kev kawm muaj teeb meem siv yeeb yaj kiab yees duab tau nce siab ntxiv kev ua si thiab ua orbitofrontal cortex cov haujlwm hauv lub hlwb piv rau cov kev kawm uas tsis muaj teeb meem siv. Qhov kev ua si pub rau cov ua ntej zoo sib xws yog ua rau muaj kev xav paub ntau ntxiv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab video [23].

Coyne nrhiav tau cov neeg ua tawm lub zog hais txog kev lom neeg yees duab yees yees. Nquag thaum ntsib qhov haujlwm tshiab, cov ncauj lus dhau los ua ib qho kev tshem tawm txoj hlab hlwb (PNS), ntsuas los ntawm kev ua pa ntawm lub ntsws tsis tuaj yeem. Qhov kev rho tawm no raug thuam rau hauv cov ncauj lus kev quav yeeb tshuaj [24]. Coyne pom tias cov neeg hluas nrog cov kev yees duab yees yees ntau dua tau zoo dhau los PNS tshem tawm zoo sib xws25].

Thaum kawg, kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov neuropathology ntawm qhov teeb meem siv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem txo qis nrog kev siv tshuaj pharmacological. Han li al. pom tias tom qab 6-lub lim tiam ntawm kev kho mob bupropion, 11 cov neeg uas haum cov qauv rau kev ua si yees duab tau pom tias muaj kev nqhis dej tsawg dua rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video, tag nrho cov sijhawm ua si, thiab txo qhov kev ua si hauv dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [26]. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, Han tau kho mob 62 cov menyuam yaus uas tau kuaj pom tias muaj ob Txoj Kev Khomob Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) thiab yees yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov tshuaj methylphenidate. Tom qab 8 lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob, cov qhab nia yees duab yees thiab lub sijhawm siv Is Taws Nem tau txo qis [27]. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev kawm tsis tau muaj pab pawg tswj hwm ntawm cov muaj teeb meem gamers, kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum siv kev tswj hwm kev sim tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam txog lwm yam.

Txoj Kev Pheej hmoo thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv

Ob qho kev ua si thiab tus cwj pwm ua si ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov yees duab yees. Kev rov hais dua ntawm ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab video rau cov quav thiab tsis quav cov neeg twv txiaj feem ntau suav nrog kev kis lub zog thiab cov xwm txheej hauv kev ua si, nce mus rau cov phiaj xwm, thiab tau txais lub koob npe thiab kev qhuas ntawm lwm tus neeg ua si [28]. Ib qho ntxiv, kev ua si hauv kev ua si muaj kev tshawb nrhiav, ua lub luag haujlwm, thiab kev khiav tawm (lub zog hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej tiag tiag) [28,29]. Lwm qhov kev kub siab yog kev ua phooj ywg hauv online zej zog kev ua si los ntawm kev sib tham hauv-kev ua si thiab kev koom tes ntawm quests [28,30]. Ntawm qhov kev mob siab rau saum toj no rau kev ua si, cov hauv qab no tau pom tias cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si ntau dhau los: kev sib raug zoo hauv lub zej zog virtual kev ua si, kev txhawb nqa los sib tw thiab ua tus tswv ntawm lub tshuab, thiab kev khiav dim [28,31-33].

Kev tshawb ntawm 123 cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv tau pom tias Game Addict Scale tau cuam tshuam nrog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej, suav nrog neuroticism (kev xav tsis zoo), ntxhov siab, qhov xav mus nrhiav (nyiam mus rau qhov tshiab), thiab kev tawm tsam [34]. Lub hnub nyoog kuj tseem yog qhov txaus ntshai, nrog cov hluas dua 27 ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj yees ntau dua [35]. Tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb pom ob qho kev pheej hmoo ntxiv rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab: ADHD [36,37] thiab tsi txawj has lug [38]. Kev tshawb nrhiav 2013 ntawm cov tub hluas nrog ob leeg muaj autism spectrum tsis meej (ASD), Mloog Kom Zoo Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), lossis kev txhim kho xws li (tswj) tau pom ntau dua kev siv yeeb yaj kiab rau kev siv rau ob qho ASD (p = 0.001) thiab ADHD (p = 0.03) piv los tswj [38]. Txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov cim ntawm kev quav, yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los txiav txim siab txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev quav rau cov tib neeg uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab puas muaj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, kev qhia paub, thiab hyperactivity hauv cov mob no.

Qhov tsis txaus siab, qhov kev tshawb fawb txog 3,105 Dutch cov tub ntxhais kawm tau pom tias kev ua txhaum ntxiv thiab kev txiav txim siab ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj rau kev ua si hauv Internet, hais tias cov cwj pwm no tuaj yeem yog kev tiv thaiv rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video [39]. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tshawb no tsis suav nrog cov tub los ntxhais thiab hnub nyoog, ob qho kev hloov pauv hauv tus qauv, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm causality tsis meej. Tej zaum nws yuav yog ib tus quav rau kev twv txiaj ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej, yog li ntawd ib tus neeg dhau mus ua ib tus neeg lub cev ntaug zuj zus, kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv, thiab / lossis ntxhov siab tom qab siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua si uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo los txhim kho kev ua si video yees muaj xws li ntxiv qhov zoo (piv txwv li, lub hom phiaj yooj yim hauv kev tua phom los yog yeej me hauv cov tshuab rho tawm)40] thiab tus neeg virtual tus gamer tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nrog [35]. Cov nqi sib luag (4 txog 5 feem pua ​​ntawm cov) kev quav dej cawv tau pom nyob hauv cov neeg uas ua si arcade, khoos phis tawj, lossis online ua si [41]. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video uas ua rau lawv rov hais dua muaj xws li kev sib raug zoo (piv txwv li cov qhab nia siab, kev xaiv ntau yam), kev nthuav qhia (lub suab zoo, cov duab ua tau zoo), cov nqi zog thiab cov kev rau txim, cov lus piav thiab tus yam ntxwv (piv txwv li, avatar tshwj xeeb), thiab kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm (xws li, chaw kuaj xyuas thiab chaw sau cim tsheb) [42]. Tag nrho cov no muab kev txhawb ua rau lub zog ua si. Txoj kev sib raug zoo, nqi zog, thiab kev rau txim yog cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev quav [30,43].

Lub siab lub ntsws xav

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov koom nrog lub hlwb tsis zoo tau tsim nrog cov teeb meem siv yees duab, suav nrog kev sib cav [44], kho siab, cia yus saib yus tus kheej tsis zoo [45], pw tsaug zog teeb meem [46], kev teeb meem [47], thiab nyuaj siab thaum sawv [45,48]. Nicotine, haus dej cawv thiab cannabis siv hauv cov tub hluas yog ob zaug dua ntawm cov neeg muaj teeb meem siv yeeb yaj kiab video [45]. Muab hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb no tau hla ib ntu, ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntev ntev tseem tsis tau paub tseeb tias muaj kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm kev quav yeeb yaj kiab video thiab cov cuam tshuam no.

Cov teeb meem siv vis dis aus tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev kawm tsis tau zoo xws li cov qhab nia SAT poob qis, GPAs, thiab txo qis kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab [36,49-51]. Hauv xyoo 2015 qhia txog 477 tus tub ntxhais kawm xyoo ib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm raug soj ntsuam txog lawv siv yeeb yaj kiab video thawj hnub mus kawm qib siab. Qhov kawg ntawm thawj xyoo, sau GPA tau sau los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Schmitt pom tias txawm tias tom qab tswj hwm rau tsev kawm theem siab GPA, tus twv ua ntej muaj zog hauv tsev kawm qib siab GPA, qhov teeb meem kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tau siv tsis cuam tshuam nrog GPA tom qab 1 xyoo (P <0.01) [50].

Kev tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev ua si yees duab: kev ntxhov siab [49,52,53]. Tom qab qee qhov kev sib cav txog seb kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video phem tuaj yeem tsim kev sib cav, Anderson ua qhov kev tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg koom nrog 130,000 cov neeg thoob plaws tebchaws Western thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj uas suav nrog kev sim, soj ntsuam, hla ntu thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntev. Nws tshaj tawm tias kev ua yeeb yaj kiab vis dis aus muaj peev xwm nce kev ua phem rau lub sijhawm, tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, lossis kab lis kev cai li cas [53].

Hloov mus, kev ua kom ntev thiab kev sim ua rau pom kuj tau qhia tias kev ua si pro-social video games nce siab ntxiv thiab coj tus cwj pwm zoo li [54,55]. Peb Caug-rau tus neeg tau koom siv cov pro-social los yog qhov kev ua si nruab nrab (Tetris ®). Cov kev ua si nyob rau hauv kev sib tw koom nrog kev txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub nroog hauv ntau yam kev cawm thiab kev koom tes nrog ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv nroog, xws li cov tub tua hluav taws thiab tub ceev xwm. Cov neeg koom nrog kev ua si pro-social ntau dua yuav pab tus poj niam thab plaub (cov neeg sim ua lub luag haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev paub txog). Cov kev sim ua tom qab pom tau tias cov yeeb yaj kiab pro-social video gamers tau ntau dua los pab tom qab kev ua txhaum [52,54,56]. Tshaj tag nrho, kev tshawb fawb txhawb tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam rau kev coj cwj pwm kev sib raug zoo. Muab hais tias feem ntau ntawm kev ua lag luam muag yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws yog kev quab yuam (Ntsuas 17 + kev ntaus nqi) [57], nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov ntawv nyeem qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo siv thiab kev ua phem [34,47].

Ib qho txawv hauv kev kho kho uas yog los ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Video: Amblyopia yog dab tsi?

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau siv cov duab vis dis aus zoo nkauj thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws uas saib qhov kev ua si video. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam sim tau pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv yeeb yaj kiab ua si los kho amblyopia. Amblyopia yog ib qho neurodevelopmental kab mob ntawm qhov muag pom kev uas tshwm sim thaum binocular pom kev cuam tshuam thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum yau. Cov txheej txheem pib ua ib lub qhov muag tsis muaj zog vim los ntawm qhov ua rau pom qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub qhov muag xws li strabismus ("qhov muag tsis pom kev"), anisometropia (qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm lub qhov muag), cataract, lossis siab yuam kev tsis zoo thaum thawj ob peb xyoos ntawm lub neej. Lub zog muaj lub qhov muag teb los ntawm kev thuam cov tswv yim los ntawm lub qhov muag tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom tau ntawm cortex thiab lateral geniculate nucleus [58-61]. Zuag qhia tag nrho, txoj kev no ua rau muaj kev txhim kho thiab ua haujlwm tsis pom kev zoo, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thawj 3 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog [61]. Yog tias tsis paub tseeb, amblyopia tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev tsis pom kev zoo, tshwj xeeb qhov muag tsis pom ntawm lub suab, thiab qhov pom kev tsis meej. Qhov tsis taus nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov neeg mob txoj haujlwm txhua hnub thiab txwv txoj haujlwm xaiv ua haujlwm [62]. Kev tshawb nrhiav kabmob sib kis hauv 2014 tau kwv yees tus kabmob tsis txaus ntseeg ntau txog 3.0 txog 5.4 feem pua ​​hauv cov menyuam kawm preschool hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas [63].

Cov kev kho tam sim no rau cov chaw hauv nruab dej nruab nrab feem ntau ntawm kev kho qhov muag kho tom qab los ntawm kev kho qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag pom los ntawm lub qhov muag noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev siv thaj ua rau. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias tau chob, 15 txog 50 feem pua ​​ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis ua tiav qhov muag pom tom qab ncua sij hawm kho mob [64-72]. Tus txheej txheem tsis ua hauj lwm nce hnub nyoog dhau los 7, raws li lub kaw lus pom kev zoo nyob ib ncig ntawm 7 txog 10 xyoo [73]. Muaj feem xyuam nrog rau qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm siab suav nrog kev ua tsis tau raws li kev txo qis hauv neuronal plasticity tom qab thaum yau [68,73-77]. Kev nkag siab paub yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo, kho lwm txoj kev kho kom haum rau cov neeg laus nrog amblyopia. Cov neeg mob pheej rov qab xyaum ua nrog qhov xav tau ua kom pom tseeb xws li paub cov tsiaj ntawv uas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qib sib piv [78]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kho mob no yog txwv los ntawm kev laj thiab tsis ua raws cai [79]. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev txwv hauv kev ua raws li kev txo qis ntawm neuroplasticity nrog lub hnub nyoog, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yees duab tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim los ua kev sim kho cov qauv mob rau amblyopia.

Kev Siv Cov Video Ua Si: Kev Kho Mob rau Amblyopia

Qhov sib xws ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kev ua si uas ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo nkauj kuj ua rau lawv muaj lub zoo tagnrho platform rau kev kho kom zoo: kev kos duab zoo nkauj xav tau kev pom kev ntxub ntxaug hauv kev ua si, kev ua yeeb yam sib txawv, kev tawm tswv yim tam sim, thiab khoom plig rau lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas, ntawm lwm qhov txaus siab cov yam ntxwv qus. Tsis tas li, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua si tau pom tau txhim kho kev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tsis paub tab uas tau ntev ntev thiab tau raug tshaj tawm kom ntxias cortical plasticity [80]. rooj 1 qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab tau kawm txog tam sim no hauv kev kho rau amblyopia. Hauv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Li et al., Cov kev kawm ua si Medal of Honor® lossis Simcity® rau tag nrho cov xNUMX teev (40 teev ib hnub) siv lub qhov muag amblyopic thaum lub qhov muag sib ntxiv. Nees neeg mob (2 txog 15 hnub nyoog) pom tau zoo dua qhov pom kev pom los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm 61, kwv yees ob kab nyob rau ntawm LogMAR tsab ntawv qhia. Ib qho ntxiv, kev kawm tau muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab tseeb tso ua ntej, kev paub sib luag ntawm qhov chaw, thiab stereopsis [81]. Qhov tseeb, qhov rov zoo li no yog kwv yees li tsib npaug dua li cov menyuam pom los kho qhov muag68].

rooj 1 

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sim kho mob tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig kho kho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Raws li binocular kev ua si ua si tau pom tias muaj kev ua tau zoo dua rau monocular kev ua si ua si hauv kev pom tseeb thiab kev txhim kho stereopsis, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau pib tsim dichoptic kev ua si [82]. Cov kev ua si tau ua tiav lawv cov kev kho kom zoo los ntawm kev qhia cov duab sib txawv rau txhua qhov muag, yog li muab nqi zog rau tus neeg mob thaum ob lub qhov muag ua haujlwm ua ke kom yeej qhov kev ua si. Piv txwv li, hauv Tetris® kev ua si, qee qhov thaiv pom los ntawm lub qhov muag amblyopic yog qhov sib piv siab, thaum lwm cov blocks hauv qis tsis sib thooj yog pom los ntawm lub qhov muag zoo. Qeb sib piv hauv cov kev ua si no tuaj yeem hloov kho raws txhua tus neeg mob lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob [82]. Ntau yam ntawm platform tau tshwm sim xws li lub iPod [83-86], taub hau sib tw video goggles [82,85], thiab ib qho kev sib tham tshwj xeeb Kev Kho Mob (I-BiT®) nrog 3D tsom iav [87-89].

Thaum pib, kev ua si nrov tshaj plaws dichoptic tau siv yog Tetris®, tab sis tsis ntev los no, tau hloov kho cov kev ua si xws li Tsis Muaj Kev Lom Zem ® tau ntxiv rau qhov repertoire [90] (rooj 1)). Cov kev kho kom haum nrog transcranial ncaj qha tam sim no kev tshaj tawm (tDCS) ntawm qhov muag pom cortex tau qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv hauv kev txhim kho stereoacuity, tej zaum los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video ntawm neuronal plasticity [83]. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no tau txwv los ntawm cov qauv me me thiab cov kev tswj hwm sab nraud, cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ua si hauv kev kho ntawm amblyopia.

Sib tham thiab Outlook

Peb qhov kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev siv game game tuaj yeem ua rau kev quav, tshwj xeeb yog muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab kuj tau txuas rau tsim kev kho tshiab rau kev ua tiav nrog kev ua tiav.

Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev phom sij ntawm cov vis dis aus. Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv kev kho mob amblyopia, kev ntsuas loj, kev tswj xyuas qhov kev txiav txim siab yog qhov xav tau kom paub meej cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm lub zeem muag hauv qhov sib piv rau lwm cov haujlwm pom kev xws li nyeem phau ntawv ntawm tib lub platform. Cov txheej txheem randomization yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom txo kev xaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees rau cov neeg mob uas mob siab rau ua si video games. Cov neeg mob no tuaj yeem siv vis dis aus siv sijhawm ntev dua li lub hom phiaj, yog li kev tshawb pom ntau dhau ntawm kev kawm thiab kev ua raws cai nrog kev kho.

Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab kev siv phom sij ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thiab tej zaum yuav hloov qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev yees duab yeeb yaj kiab. Cov vis dis aus kho ua si raws li kev kho mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua si raws li kev sib raug zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev noj ntau dua. Tam sim no, muaj kwv yees muaj 15 lab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ntawm 5 uas muaj amblyopia [91]. Kev lag luam loj rau cov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab kho cov yeeb yaj kiab yog qhov loj dua, txiav txim siab cov menyuam yaus laus thiab cov neeg laus nrog amblyopia. Cov tib neeg no yuav muaj kev phom sij txog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video uas hais hauv kev tshuaj xyuas no. Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem qhia ntxiv tias kev lees paub siab dua ntawm cov kev sib twv nyiaj twv txiaj nrog cov feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj, raws li pom nyob hauv cov teb chaws Es Xias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj [4,5]. Txawm hais tias kev siv tshuaj kho kab mob hauv video yuav ua rau kom qhov kev yees yeeb yaj kiab ntxiv puas tseem yuav raug soj ntsuam.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev muaj yees thiab kev kho mob muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video nthuav tawm kev txhawj xeeb rau cov thawj saib xyuas, kws kho mob hlwb, thiab kws kho mob hlwb. Hauv kev soj ntsuam tshawb xyuas, qhov siv sij hawm ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho yeeb yaj kiab video yog 2 teev / hnub rau tag nrho 80 teev. Muaj tsis muaj kev kawm tshawb xyuas cov toj siab hauv nws txoj kev kho mob nce siab lossis qhov txiaj ntsig ntev thiab kev txaus ntshai ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kho mob. Cov lus nug tseem yuav tsum tau: ntau npaum li cas ib tug yuav tsum ua si video games rau txoj kev kho ua ntej cov txiaj ntsig rau kev pom kev zoo tshaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab kev pheej hmoo rau kev quav? Raws li ntau yam ua rau kom qhov yees ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov lus qhia yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv chaw pab cov neeg mob thiab cov niam txiv taug cov nqe lus nug no. Ophthalmologist yuav tsum luj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yees duab yees tawm tsam cov txiaj ntsig kom pom kev zoo thaum muab kev ua yeeb yaj kiab los ua kev kho mob thiab qhia cov neeg mob thiab / lossis cov niam txiv txog kev pheej hmoo. Muab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev siv yeeb yaj kiab, cov kws kho mob hlwb, cov kws kho hlwb, thiab cov kws kho mob yuav tsum paub txog nws cov kev cuam tshuam thiab paub txog cov cim ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los muab cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam rau cov kws kho mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab xa cov neeg mob uas muaj yees yeeb yaj kiab.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Peb xav ua tsaug rau Jessica A. Wright rau nws kev rau siab kho cov ntawv sau no.

abbreviations

ESALom ze Software Association
DSMKev kuaj mob thiab cov ntawv qhia kev tshwm sim rau mob hlwb
EEGelectroencephalogram
MRImagnetic resonance imaging
Tus tsiajpositron emission tomography
PNSperipheral lub paj hlwb
ADHDMloog Tsis Txaus Hyperactivity Disorder
Kuv-BiT®Sib tham sib Kev Kho Mob Binocular
TDCStranscranial ncaj qha tam sim no stimulation
 

Sau npe

Chaoying Sarah Xu tau sau tsab ntawv sau nrog cov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Jessica Chen (ntu ntawm neurobiology thiab lub hlwb kev xav). Ron Adelman tau muab cov lus qhia txog lub ncauj lus, kev qhuab qhia thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv, thiab kev rov kho dua nyob rau daim ntawv sau cia. Tsis muaj peev nyiaj siv.

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