Muaj nyob online 8 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.11.003
highlights
- Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lub siab lub ntsws thiab kev sib daj sib deev ua ntej thiab tom qab txiav txim siab rau tus kheej siv Internet saib duab liab qab hauv chaw ib puag ncig
- Saib duab liab qab tau cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv hauv kev xav thiab ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev
- Mood ua ntej thiab tom qab siv Internet saib duab liab qab nrog rau kev hloov pauv hauv lub siab kuj cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob ntawm Internet-saib duab liab qab-saib-tsis pom kev
Abstract
Internet-saib duab liab qab-saib kev tsis txaus siab (IPD) yog suav hais tias yog ib hom kev siv Internet tsis zoo. Rau IPD txoj kev txhim kho, nws tau xav tias yog qhov kev siv tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv Internet pornography los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los yog kev ntxhov siab yuav raug txiav txim siab ua qhov pheej hmoo txaus ntshai. Txhawm rau hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv Internet pornography siv rau kev xav, kev kawm online nrog peb ntsuas cov ntsiab lus nrog tus qauv ntawm cov txiv neej koom. Cov neeg tuaj koom tau tshawb xyuas txog lawv txoj kev nyiam IPD, kev siv tus kheej ntawm Internet pornography, kev xav zoo ib yam, kev nkag siab txog kev ntxhov siab, thiab lawv cov kev siv Internet kev saib duab liab qab. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg tuaj koom tau raug nug txog lawv lub siab tam sim no, kev nyiam sib deev, thiab xav tau masturbate ua ntej thiab ua raws lawv tau saib Internet pornography qhia tus kheej kev txiav txim siab hauv ib puag ncig. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias feem ntau nyiam IPD tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog kev mloog zoo feem ntau zoo, tsaug zog, thiab siab tus thiab pom qhov muaj kev ntxhov siab zoo hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab siv Internet pornography siv rau kev nrhiav kev lom zem thiab kev zam. Kev txiav txim siab rau kev siv Internet siv duab liab qab nyob hauv tus kheej ib puag ncig tau nrog cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev xav thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev. Ntxiv mus, kev nyiam ua IPD cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub siab lub ntsws ua ntej thiab tom qab siv Internet-saib duab liab qab nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov kev xav zoo thiab siab tus. Cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim cuam tshuam los ntawm kev saib cov duab liab qab hauv Internet ntawm kev xav thiab kev sib deev uas xav tau tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau tus neeg siv. Yog li, qhov txiaj ntsig tau tau raws li cov theoretical xav txog IPD txoj kev txhim kho, uas qhov zoo (thiab tsis zoo) qhov cuab lub zog tau txais los ntawm kev siv Internet-siv duab liab qab yog cuam tshuam rau cue-reactivity thiab yees tshua.
keywords
- Internet pornography;
- Tiv thaiv;
- Xoob;
- Kev sib deev arousal
1. Introduction
Qhov tshwm sim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv Is Taws Nem yog sib tham txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (Campbell thiab Kohut, 2016, Grubbs li al., 2016, Hald thiab Malamuth, 2008, Harkness li al., 2015, Peter thiab Valkenburg, 2014, Shaughnessy li al., 2014 thiab Stanley li al., 2016)). Nws tau pom tseeb tias qee cov tib neeg ceeb toom qhia kev poob ntawm kev tswj hwm txog lawv cov kev saib duab liab qab, uas feem ntau nrog los ntawm kev siv lub sijhawm thiab qhov tsis zoo nyob hauv ntau lub neej, xws li tsev kawm ntawv / kev kawm / ua haujlwm (Duffy li al., 2016, Griffiths, 2012 thiab Wéry thiab Billieux, 2015)). Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev tseem tau sib cav (Potenza, 2014), tab sis muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb sib cav hais tias ob qho tib si saib duab liab qab thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm sib deev nyob rau hauv dav dav yuav suav tias yog kev muaj yees (Hom li al, 2014, Garcia thiab Thibaut, 2010, Kraus li al., 2016 thiab Hlub et al., 2015)). Qee lub sij hawm ib txhia sib cav hais tias kev saib ntxiv ntawm Internet saib duab liab qab yuav yog hom kev saib xyuas kev sib deev lossis kev sib daj sib deev (Garcia thiab Thibaut, 2010 thiab Kafka, 2015), lwm tus cam hais tias nws yuav tsum tau cais yam tshwj xeeb hom kev tiv thaiv Internet (Laier thiab Hom, 2014 thiab Cov hluas, 2008)). Tseeb cov duab liab qab tau pom tias yog Internet siv ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau kev txhim kho kev siv tshuaj sib txawv (Meerkerk, van den Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006)). Vim tias kev sib tham tsis tu ncua ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim peb siv lub sij hawm Internet-saib duab liab qab-saib pom kev tsis sib haum (IPD) hauv kev sib piv rau Is Taws Nem-cov kev sib twv tau siv hauv DSM-5 (APA, 2013)). Txij li thaum tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau cov kev soj ntsuam kuaj pom ntawm IPD, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tsuas yog kwv yees. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau kuaj ib tus qauv sawv cev rau Sweden thiab pom 2% ntawm tus poj niam thiab 5% ntawm tus txiv neej koom qhia txog cov tsos mob ntawm IPD (Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012).
Hais txog kev tsim kho IPD tau hais tias muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm nruab nrab (piv txwv, txhawb cov teebmeem, tsis qhia npe, siv tau), ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa saib duab liab qab (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004)). Muaj feem xyuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg siv, nws tau hais tias cov tib neeg yuav raug npaj rau kev tsim IPD cov tsos mob los ntawm tus kheej tus yam ntxwv (piv txwv li, muaj kev sib deev muaj siab) thiab tias cov yam ntxwv no cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntsig txog kev siv duab liab qab (piv txwv li, siv cov kev cia siab zoo ) (Laier & Hom, 2014)). Vim yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sib deev txaus siab los ntawm saib duab liab qab, cov txheej txheem txias yuav tsum ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cue-hnov mob thiab ua rau cov kev xav tawm mus rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud cuam tshuam txog kev ntseeg. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib daj sib deev thiab mob huam rau IPD tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb (Hom li al, 2011, Laier li al., 2013, Laier li al., 2014, Laier li al., 2015, Rosenberg thiab Kraus, 2014 thiab Snagowski li al., 2015)). Cov kev tshawb pom no zoo ib yam nrog qhov kev xav tias cov neeg tshwj xeeb yog cov nquag ua IPD uas ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev siv duab liab qab kom daws tau cov kev ntxhov siab lossis kev ntxhov siab (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Boies, 1999)). Qhov kev xav tau no tseem tau hais tawm nyob rau hauv I-PACE tus qauv ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem (I-PACE sawv rau Kev Sib Tham ntawm Cov Neeg-Cuam Tshuam-Kev Paub-Kev Ua Tiav) (Hom, Hluas, Laier, Hma, & Potenza, 2016)). Ib qho kev xav ntawm tus qauv yog tias tam sim no kev xav yuav cuam tshuam qhov kev txiav txim siab siv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb hauv Is Taws Nem (piv txwv li, cov duab liab qab hauv Is Taws Nem) thiab tias cov kev cuam tshuam tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum txhawb cov kev paub txog Internet. Ntxiv rau, lub tswv yim thiab kev cia siab tias kev siv Is Taws Nem kev siv daim ntawv thov tau txais txiaj ntsig los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los yog lub siab ntsws tsis txaus ntseeg kuj tau txiav txim siab ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thiab ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab daws teeb meem, thiab. Cov xeeb ceem ntawm tus xeeb ceem thiab cov tsos mob ntawm lub hlwb yuav ua kom ruaj khov lossis sib zog los ntawm cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev quav tshuaj. Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tshwm sim tau pom tias cuam tshuam nrog IPD (Laier & Hom, 2014), lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no thiab hloov siab tom qab saib cov duab liab qab hauv Is Taws Nem rau cov tsos mob ntawm IPD tseem tsis tau tshawb nrhiav, tam sim no. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog txhawm rau pab txhawm rau txhawm rau soj ntsuam qhov kev tshawb fawb no los ntawm kev hais txog cov kev xav hauv qab no hauv kev piv txwv ntawm cov neeg siv Internet-saib duab liab qab: 1.) Qhov cuam tshuam rau IPD cuam tshuam nrog kev xav thiab kev xav txog kev ntxhov siab, 2.) cuam tshuam nrog kev xav thiab kev sib deev tam sim no ua ntej thiab tom qab siv Internet saib duab liab qab, 3.) Qhov muaj feem cuam rau IPD cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau lub siab thiab kev sib deev vim yog siv Internet pornography, thiab 4.) Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nyiam ntawm IPD thiab kev siv lub zog. Kev saib duab liab qab is taws los ntawm kev sib deev arousal tau los ntawm saib duab liab qab. Txhawm rau hais txog cov kev xav no, kev tshawb nrhiav hauv online nrog peb qhov kev ntsuas.
2. Cov khoom thiab cov hau kev
2.1. Tus txheej txheem
Cov neeg tuaj koom tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov npe email, chaw sib txuas hauv chaw, thiab tshaj tawm hauv University of Duisburg-Essen (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Cov lus piav qhia tau hais meej meej tias qhov kev tshawb fawb online tshawb fawb txog kev siv Internet-pornography thiab tsuas yog cov txiv neej thiaj li raug caw tuaj koom. Cov tib neeg xav tau koom nrog tau hais kom teb cov lus caw hauv e-mail thiab tom qab ntawd tau hais luv luv los ntawm kev piav qhia kom ntxaws txog qhov kev kawm. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau qhia ua kev sojntsuam nrog peb qhov ntsuas ntsuas. Hauv thawj ntu, cov neeg tuaj koom tau muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog, kev siv tus kheej ntawm Is Taws Nem rau tus cwj pwm kev sib daj sib deev, raug xav txog kev ntxhov siab, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm IPD (t1). Nws tau piav qhia rau cov neeg tuaj koom tias yog lawv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab saib lawv tus kheej kev saib duab liab qab Internet nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntiag tug rau lub sijhawm tom ntej, lawv tau hais kom teb cov lus nug txog lawv lub siab lub ntsws tam sim no thiab kev sib daj sib deev ua ntej (ntsuas ntsuas thib ob, t2) thiab tom qab (ntsuas ntsuas thib peb, t3). Tom qab cov neeg tuaj koom tau muab daim ntawv sau qhia kev pom zoo lawv tau txais tokens kom phim lawv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas. Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb raug caw tuaj koom rau hauv kev rho npe kom yeej ib daim voucher los ntawm BestChoice (3 vouchers X 50 €, 5 vouchers á 20 €, 5 vouchers á 10 €). Cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas rau kev tuaj yeem thiab tsis muaj teeb meem pom tshwm sim. Cov kev kawm tau pom zoo los ntawm pawg saib xyuas kev coj ua hauv ib cheeb tsam.
2.2. Cov neeg koom
Tus qauv suav nrog 80 cov txiv neej (Mmuaj hnub nyoog = 26.41 xyoo, SD = 6.23, qhov ntau: 18–55). Lub ntsiab lus kev kawm yog 12.90 xyoo (SD = 0.45), 43 tus neeg (53.8%) qhia tias muaj tus khub. Plaub caug cuaj tus neeg tau piav qhia lawv tus kheej tias "neeg nyiam pojniam", 12 yog "nyiam kev sib ntxub", 5 raws li "nyiam ob hom", 2 raws li "nyiam txiv neej nyiam poj niam", thiab 12 yog "homosexual". Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg koom nrog siv cov kev thov siv Internet tshwj xeeb kev nyiam sib deev thiab lub sijhawm txhais cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb no tau qhia hauv rooj 1Cov. Rau caum rau tus neeg tuaj koom ntawm tus qauv ua tiav qhov kev tshawb fawb thaum t2 thiab t3. Txhais tau lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus nqi zog yog 25.91 (SD = 5.43). Txhua tus neeg ntawm cov subsample qhia siv cybersex ntawv siv ua ntu zus.
Cov lus 1.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov piv txwv cov haujlwm cybersexual. Cov qhab nia hauv qab thiab cov qauv tsis sib xws yog hais txog lub sijhawm (min / vas thiv) siv los siv daim ntawv thov cov cybersex tshwj xeeb.
n | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mos duab | 55 | 28.96 | 45.04 |
Mos yaj yeeb yaj kiab | 26 | 20.03 | 30.81 |
Hardcore duab | 55 | 46.01 | 61.89 |
Hardcore videos | 75 | 116.15 | 171.66 |
Sib deev sib | 12 | 71.96 | 131.38 |
Kev sib deev ntawm Webcam | 4 | 185.45 | 154.08 |
Nyob ua ke Shows | 7 | 32.20 | 37.35 |
Lus khaws xav. Thov nco ntsoov cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg koom siv ib (n = 8), ob (n = 14), peb (n = 8), plaub (n = 25), tsib (n = 12), rau (n = 10), lossis xya (n = 3) ntawm nug txog kev siv cyberex cov ntawv thov. Txhua tus qhab nia phem thiab cov qauv sib txawv tsuas yog hais txog cov tib neeg uas tau siv cyberex daim ntawv thov txhua lub lim tiam.
2.3. Cov lus nug
At t1, cov tsos mob ntawm IPD, kev xav zoo ib yam, pom kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev siv zog hauv Internet-siv zog raug ntsuas. Feem ntau ntawm IPD tau ntsuas nrog luv-version ntawm Is Taws Nem Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Hloov Kho rau kev sib deev (s-IATsex, Cronbach's α = 0.83) ( Laier li al., 2013 thiab Wéry li al., 2015), uas muaj ob qho kev tso tseg "tswj tsis tau tus kheej / tswj lub sijhawm" (s-IATsex-1) thiab "teeb meem kev sib raug zoo / nqhis dej" (s-IATsex-2). Kaum ob cov khoom tau raug teb rau ntawm qhov ntsuas teev los ntawm 1 (= yeej tsis tau) txog 5 (= feem ntau), uas yog suav rau tag nrho cov qhab nia nrog cov qhab nia siab sawv cev rau cov kev sib tw siab ntawm lossis siab cov IPD, ntsig txog. Cov kev xav pom dav dav tau raug soj ntsuam nrog Multidimensional Mood State Cov Lus Nug (MDMQ, Cronbach's) α = 0.94) (Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz, & Eid, 1997)). Nees-plaub yam khoom tau teb rau ntawm lub teev los ntawm 1 (= tsis txhua) 5 (= heev), thiab txhais tau tias cov qhab nia ntawm subscales "zoo-phem" (MDMQ-zoo), "tsaug zog-nkees" (MDMQ-tsa) , thiab “txias-ceeb-poob siab” (MDMQ-calm) tau suav. Cov qhab nias siab sawv cev tam zoo dua li tsis zoo, tsis tsaug zog ntau dua, thiab zoo dua nqig dua li kev xav tsis thoob. Lub Pornography Khoom Siv Khoom Noj Khoom Noj (PCI, Cronbach's α = 0.83) tau siv los ntsuas plaub qhov kev kub siab rau kev siv Internet-duab liab qab (Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011)). Kaum tsib cov khoom tau teb rau ntawm lub teev los ntawm 1 (= yeej tsis nyiam kuv) txog 5 (= feem ntau zoo li kuv), thiab txhais tau tias cov qhab nia rau subscales "kev zam kev xav" (PCI-EA), "Kev Xav Sib Deev" (PCI-SC) , “Txaus Siab Nrhiav” (PCI-ES), thiab “Kev nyiam sib deev” (PCI-SP) tau suav. Cov qhab nia siab sawv cev qhov kev mob siab rau qhov tseeb rau kev siv internet-saib duab liab qab. Txhawm rau qhia txog qhov muaj taus kev ntxhov siab, kev soj ntsuam xyuas ntawm Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS, Cronbach's α = 0.92) tau thov (Schulz, Schlotz, & Becker, 2004)). Cov lus nug tau nug txog qhov kev cuam tshuam kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis dhau los nrog kaum ob yam uas yuav tsum tau teb rau ntawm qhov ntsuas los ntawm 0 (= yeej tsis) rau (= feem ntau heev). Qhov lej suav tau suav. Cov qhab nias siab sawv cev rau cov kev ntxhov siab siab. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ( Laier li al., 2014 thiab Laier li al., 2015), cov tib neeg tau nug seb lawv puas siv cov ntawv thov kev siv Is Taws Nem nrog cov lus teb “yog / tsis yog”. Yog li, peb tau nug ntau npaum li cas ("tsawg dua ib xyoos ib zaug", "tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv lub xyoo thiab tsawg dua ib hlis ib zaug", "tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug thiab tsawg dua ib asthiv", "tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lub lim tiam" thiab tsawg dua ib zaug ib hnub ”,“ tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv ib hnub ”) thiab siv sijhawm ntev li cas (“ feeb ib zaug ”) lawv siv cybersex application. Cov qhab nia txhais tau tias lub limtiam siv sijhawm nyob hauv feeb rau txhua daim ntawv thov cybersex.
At t2 thiab t3, peb tau ntsuas qhov tam sim no kev xav thiab kev sib daj sib deev ua ntej thiab tom qab saib cov duab liab qab hauv Internet. Yog li, peb tau hloov kho cov lus qhia ntawm MDMQ los ntawm “Feem ntau kuv xav tias…” rau hauv “Tamsis no, kuv hnov…” thiab hais kom cov neeg koom los teb cov lus nug ntawm t2 (Cronbach's α = 0.91) thiab t3 (Cronbach's α = 0.93). Peb suav cov qhab nia txhais tau tias MDMQ-zoo, MDMQ-tsa sawv, thiab MDMQ-nyob ntsiag to ntawm t2 thiab t3. Ntxiv mus, raws qhab nias (“t3 ”-“t2 ") tau muab suav rau sawv cev rau hauv lub siab zoo (good zoo-siab), mus ob peb vas tsaug zog (awake-tsaug zog), thiab siab ntsiag to (Δ-siab tus). Cov qhab nia siab yog sawv cev rau kev nce ntxiv hauv kev zoo, tsaug zog, lossis siab tus. Raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev, cov neeg koom qhia txog ob qho kev sib deev tam sim no los ntawm 0 = "tsis raug deev" mus txog 100 = "kev sib daj sib deev" zoo li lawv xav tau masturbate los ntawm 0 = "tsis tas yuav tsum masturbate" txog 100 = “Lub zog xav tau masturbate” ntawm t2 thiab t3. Txhais tau tias cov qhab nia ntawm t2 thiab t3 tau suav, cov qhab nia siab sawv cev rau kev sib deev muaj zog lossis xav tau masturbate. Ob txhais cov qhab nias raws (“t2 ”-“t3 ") tau muab xam los sawv cev rau qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib deev (Δ-deev arousal) thiab qhov txo qis hauv kev xav masturbate (need-xav tau masturbate). Cov qhab nia siab sawv cev rau kev txo qis ntawm kev sib daj sib deev thiab xav tau masturbate. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg tuaj koom tau nug seb lawv tau ntsib ib lossis ntau lub orgasms thiab txaus siab npaum li cas lawv pom lub orgasm / s (teev los ntawm 0 = "tsis txaus siab" rau 100 = "txaus siab heev"). Kev paub qhov txaus siab nrog lub orgasm / s tau siv los ua qhov ntsuas kev txaus siab ("kev txaus siab ntawm kev sib deev").
3. Ntsiab lus
Cov lus qhia piav qhia txog ntawm daim ntawv nug cov lus nug tau nthuav tawm hauv rooj 2Cov. Qhov qhabnias tus lej nruab nrab ntawm s-IATsex yog 21.09 (SD = 0.69, qhov ntau: 12–42). Qhov s-IATsex cuam tshuam nrog MDMQ-zoo (r = - 0.32, p = 0.004), MDMQ-tsa sawv (r = - 0.29, p = 0.009), MDMQ-nyob ntsiag to (r = - 0.30, p = 0.007), lub PCI-EA (r = 0.48, p <0.001), lub PCI-ES (r = 0.40, p <0.001), thiab TICS (r = 0.36, p 0.001). Qhov s-IATsex tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau PCI-SC (r = 0.01, p = 0.91) thiab PCI-SP (r = 0.02, p = 0.85).
Cov lus 2.
Piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus nug ntsuas ntawm t1.
N = 80 | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
s-IATsex-1 | 11.47 | 4.69 |
s-IATsex-2 | 9.61 | 3.21 |
MDMQ-zoo | 3.89 | 0.88 |
MDMQ-tsa sawv | 3.43 | 0.80 |
MDMQ-siab tus | 3.56 | 0.78 |
PCI-EA | 2.19 | 1.08 |
PCI-SC | 2.52 | 0.94 |
PCI-SE | 2.62 | 0.95 |
PCI-SP | 4.08 | 0.71 |
NYIAJ | 1.41 | 0.87 |
Los ntawm cov neeg hauv qab ntawm 66 cov neeg koom uas tau ua tiav qhov kev tshawb fawb thaum t2 thiab t3, 65 qhia tias saib duab liab qab online tau nrog kev zoo siab. Ntxiv mus, 61 ntawm cov koom koom nrog paub tsawg kawg ib orgasm thaum saib cov duab liab qab thiab masturbating. Peb cov neeg qhia tias tau ntsib ob, thiab ob tus neeg tau qhia tias tau ntsib peb qhov kev txaus siab (M = 1.11, SD = 0.41). Tus neeg plaub qhia tsis tau muaj tus orgasm raug cais tawm ntawm kev tsom xam ntxiv. Hauv seem piv txwv ntawm 61 tus neeg koom, qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm cov qhab nia s-IATsex tag nrho yog M = 20.59, SD = 6.59. Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm s-IATsex-1 yog M = 11.12 (SD = 4.70), tus qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm s-IATsex-2 tau M = 9.39 (SD = 2.79). Cov qhab nia ntsiab lus ntawm MDMQ-zoo, MDMQ-tsa sawv, MDMQ-nqig, qhov kev sib deev sib deev thiab xav tau masturbate ntawm t2 thiab t3 raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm t-Kev kuaj mob rau cov hnoos qeev tau nthuav tawm hauv rooj 3.
Cov lus 3.
Piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lus nug ntsuas tau ntsuas ntawm t2 thiab t3 raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm t-Txoj kev nrhiav rau cov chaw sib txawv.
N = 61 | t1 | t2 | t | p | da | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
MDMQ-zoo | 3.91 | 0.90 | 4.14 | 0.77 | 3.22 | 0.002⁎⁎ | 0.18 |
MDMQ-tsa sawv | 3.06 | 0.12 | 3.19 | 0.93 | 1.61 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
MDMQ-siab tus | 3.74 | 0.85 | 4.20 | 0.56 | 5.23 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.60 |
Kev sib deev arousal | 51.69 | 26.19 | 27.69 | 27.44 | 4.88 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.89 |
Yuav tsum tau masturbate | 75.67 | 23.24 | 7.61 | 17.35 | 20.38 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 3.30 |
a
Cohen's d rau cov qauv ntsuas.
⁎⁎
p 0.01.
Qhov nruab nrab, qhov txo qis hauv kev sib deev (a-kev sib deev arousal) tau M = 24.00 (SD = 38.42), qhov kev txo qis ntawm qhov xav tau los masturbate (need-xav tau masturbate) tau M = 68.06 (SD = 26.08). Thaum rho t2 los ntawm t3, qhov nce hauv siab zoo siab (Δ-zoo) yog M = 0.23 (SD = 0.54), qhov nce hauv lub siab tsis tsaug zog (awake-nws tsaug zog) tau M = 0.12 (SD = 0.59), thiab nce ntawm cov kev tswj txias (calm-nyob ntsiag to) tau M = 0.45 (SD = 0.68). Pearson-cuam tshuam ntawm s-IATsex cov qhab nia thiab ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev arousal thiab kev xav ntawm t2 thiab t3 yog muaj nyob hauv rooj 4.
Cov lus 4.
Pearson-cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsuas ntawm Internet-saib duab liab qab-saib kev tsis sib haum nrog kev ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev thiab lub siab xav ua ntej (t2) thiab hauv qab no (t3) saib Is Taws Nem hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig.
N = 61 | s-IATsex | s-IATsex-1 | s-IATsex-2 |
|---|---|---|---|
t1 | |||
Kev sib deev arousal | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
Yuav tsum tau masturbate | - 0.01 | - 0.03 | 0.02 |
t2 | |||
Kev sib deev arousal | - 0.11 | - 0.12 | - 0.06 |
Yuav tsum tau masturbate | - 0.06 | 0.06 | - 0.25⁎ |
Δ-Kev nyiam sib deev | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
-Yuav Tsum Yuav Masturbate | 0.03 | - 0.07 | 0.19 |
t1 | |||
MDMQ-zoo | - 0.40⁎ | - 0.40⁎⁎ | - 0.27⁎ |
MDMQ-tsa sawv | - 0.23 | - 0.23 | - 0.17 |
MDMQ-siab tus | - 0.41⁎⁎ | - 0.44⁎⁎ | - 0.23 |
t2 | |||
MDMQ-zoo | - 0.32⁎ | - 0.28⁎ | - 0.29⁎ |
MDMQ-tsa sawv | - 0.14 | - 0.07 | - 0.22 |
MDMQ-siab tus | - 0.35⁎⁎ | - 0.30⁎ | - 0.33⁎⁎ |
Δ-Zoo | 0.21 | 0.27⁎ | 0.04 |
-Cal | 0.14 | 0.24 | - 0.09 |
-Cal | 0.22 | 0.31⁎ | 0.02 |
⁎
p ≤ 0.05 (kev sib txheeb yog qhov sib txawv ntawm xoom nrog alpha = 5%, ob-tw).
⁎⁎
p ≤ 0.01 (kev sib txheeb yog qhov sib txawv ntawm xoom nrog alpha = 1%, ob-tw).
Txhawm rau sim kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev sib zog thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev sib deev aaum thiab lub siab vim kev siv Internet pornography siv nyob rau hauv kev twv txog qhov sib xws ntawm IPD, peb tau suav cov kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab nrog cov kev hloov pauv nruab nrab (Cohen, Cohen, Sab Hnub Poob, & Aiken, 2003)). S-IATsex tus qhab nia yog tus nyob ntawm tus ntsuas seb siv tau. Hauv thawj kauj ruam, PCI-ES tau piav qhia txog 8.90% ntawm s-IATsex, F(1, 59) = 5.79, p = 0.02. Ntxiv kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev (pom tau tias muaj kev txaus siab nrog lub orgasm) nyob rau hauv kauj ruam thib ob, kev sib txawv tsis tau nce ntxiv, hloov mus R2 = 0.006, hloov pauv hauv F(1, 58) = 0.36, p = 0.55. Thaum nkag mus rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm PCI-SE thiab kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm s-IATsex nce ntau, kev hloov pauv hauv R2 = 0.075, hloov pauv hauv F(1, 57) = 5.14, p = 0.03. Tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm s-IATsex mus txog peb qhov kev cia siab tias tseem tshuav (R2 = 0.17, F(3, 57) = 3.89, p = 0.01). Txog rau tus nqi ntxiv, saib rooj 5.
Cov lus 5.
Hierarchical kev ntsuas kev ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas nrog s-IATsex tus qhab nia ua piv rau cov nce mus nce los.
β | T | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Qhov cuam tshuam loj “PCI-ES” | 0.32 | 2.61 | 0.01 |
“Kev txaus siab deev” | 0.16 | 1.26 | 0.21 |
“PCI-ES grat txaus siab deev” | 0.29 | - 2.27 | 0.02 |
Muab cov txiaj ntsig sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm PCI-ES thiab kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev, peb tau soj ntsuam cov nplais yooj yim kom daws tau cov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab hauv kev qhia ntau dua. Txoj kab nqes ntawm cov kab regression sawv cev rau "tsis txaus siab txog kev sib deev" (kev soj ntsuam-raws li kev kwv yees rau cov ncauj lus) SD hauv qab pab pawg neeg txhais tau tias) tau sib txawv ntawm xoom (t = 3.67, p = 0.001). Txoj kab nqes ntawm cov kab regression sawv cev rau "muaj kev sib deev siab" (kev ntsuas kwv yees los ntawm cov ncauj lus ib) SD saum toj no pab pawg neeg lub ntsiab lus) yog tsis ho sib txawv los ntawm xoom (t = 0.48, p = 0.64). Qhov no qhia tias tus lej tau qhab nia ntawm s-IATsex tau ntau dua yog tias cov tib neeg muaj lub siab xav saib cov duab liab qab online mus nrhiav kev zam tus kheej los ntawm seb puas muaj kev sib deev txaus siab lossis siab (saib Daim duab. 1).
Daim duab 1.
Ua qauv qhia ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas nyob rau hauv uas tus lej qhab nia ntawm s-IATsex yog cov nce mus nce los. Cov tib neeg uas tau ntsib kev txaus siab txog kev sib deev siab heev thaum saib Internet pornography tau qhab nia siab dua ntawm s-IATsex ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm lawv txoj kev mob siab saib cov duab liab qab hauv Internet. Cov tib neeg uas tau txais kev sib deev tsis txaus siab tau qhab nia siab dua ntawm s-IATsex yog tias lawv saib cov duab liab qab hauv Internet kom zoo siab nrhiav.
4. Kev sib tham
4.1. Hais dav dav
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog tias kev nyiam IPD tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog kev xav zoo nkaus li zoo, tsaug zog, thiab nqig nrog rau qhov kev xav tias muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab qhov kev mob siab siv Internet pornography hais txog kev nrhiav mus nrhiav thiab kev zam lub siab. Ntxiv mus, nws tau qhia tias kev saib Internet pornography ntawm tus kheej kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntiag tug tau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev txo qis ntawm kev sib deev thiab xav tau masturbate, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev nce siab hauv kev xav ntawm kev xav zoo dua, ntau tsaug zog thiab calmer. Ntxiv mus, kev nyiam ua IPD cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev xav ua ntej thiab tom qab saib cov duab liab qab hauv Is Taws Nem thiab qhov tseeb qhov nce siab ntawm lub siab tus yees thiab siab tus. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv rau IPD thiab kev txaus siab nrhiav vim yog siv Internet-pornography siv los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm qhov kev paub txog orgasm lub siab. Feem ntau, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog ua raws li kev xav hais tias IPD tau txuas nrog qhov kev kub siab kom nrhiav kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev thiab kom zam lossis tiv thaiv kev xav tsis txaus siab nrog rau cov kev xav tias cov kev hloov pauv tom qab kev saib duab liab qab tau txuas rau IPD (Cooper thiab lwm tus, 1999 thiab Laier thiab Hom, 2014).
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ua ntej siv Internet-saib duab liab qab siv los daws cov kev ntxhov siab lossis kev ntxhov siab yuav raug txiav txim siab ua qhov pheej hmoo rau tsim IPD (Cooper thiab lwm tus, 1999)). Txij li peb tau tshawb xyuas qhov tsis yog kev kuaj mob, cov lus piav qhia tau qhia tias cov neeg no tau tshaj tawm cov qhab nia tsawg ntawm IPD, kev ntxhov siab thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev cia siab, saib Internet pornography ua rau kev nce siab thiab txo qis kev sib deev, txawm tias nyob hauv tus qauv tsis yog. Cov txiaj ntsig uas nyiam rau IPD tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog kev xav ua ntej thiab tom qab siv Internet-saib duab liab qab thiab muaj qhov zoo nrog cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev xav yog zoo ib yam nrog qhov kev xav ntawm kev ua kom zoo thiab IPD (Cooper thiab lwm tus, 1999)). Qhov tseeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem rau kev txhim kho IPD kuj tau hais txog hauv I-PACE tus qauv tsis ntev los no (Hom Tshuaj, Hluas, Laier, Hma, li al., 2016)). I-PACE tus qauv pom tau tias cov tib neeg uas muaj ntau tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yuav pom lawv tus kheej nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej uas lawv ntxhov siab, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, lossis hnov tus kheej txawv txav. Qhov no yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab paub cov lus teb, piv txwv li hauv kev xav tau cov kev tswj hwm kev xav thiab kev txiav txim siab siv qee yam kev thov hauv Is Taws Nem xws li Internet liab qab. Qhov kev xav tau yog tias qhov kev txaus siab tau txais los ntawm Internet-pornography siv ntxiv txhawb txoj kev daws teebmeem, tab sis ntxiv rau qee yam kev xav paub txog kev saib duab liab qab thiab Internet-pornography-cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb rau saib Internet pornography thiab kev pom zoo txaus siab rau kev piav qhia txog IPD tau sawv cev nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, uas kev sib txuas ntawm kev kub siab ntawm kev siv Internet-saib duab liab qab vim yog muaj siab nrhiav thiab cov tsos mob ntawm IPD tau txais nruab nrab los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev paub txog orgasm txaus siab. Cov tib neeg tsis tshua txaus siab nrhiav vim yog siv Is Taws Nem Internet kev siv duab thiab tsis paub txog kev muaj kev sib deev txaus siab tshaj qhia IPD qis tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tib neeg tau qhab nia siab dua IPD cov tsos mob hnyav yog tias lawv muaj lub siab kub siab rau kev siv duab liab qab hauv Internet hais txog kev zoo siab nrhiav ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm seb lawv puas pom qhov saib Internet pornography zoo li txaus siab los yog tsis. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog lwm qhov kev xav ntawm I-PACE tus qauv, uas yog hais tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txog Internet-pornography yuav tsum ua rau kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm luv, tab sis qee tus neeg muaj qhov pheej hmoo yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev them nyiaj raws li kev quav yeeb tshuaj lub voj voog mus rau hauv kev coj ua rau kev tsim cue-reactivity thiab yees zoo li ntxiv rau txo qis tswj kev saib duab liab qab siv thiab tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv lub neej txhua hnub (Hom Tshuaj, Hluas, Laier, Hma, li al., 2016)). Txij li thaum deev arousal yuav to taub raws li thawj thiab yog li muaj zog txhawb cov kev txhawb nqa (Georgiadis thiab Kringelbach, 2012 thiab Janssen, 2011) thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem txias hauv qhov kev sib ntxiv (Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009), nws ua rau kev nkag siab xav tias qhov kev sib deev tsis txaus siab tuaj yeem nkag siab raws li qhov tsis muaj peev xwm xav tau uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sab nraud thiab sab hauv nruab nrab lub neej qub kom ua rau cue-hnov mob thiab ua rau cov kev xav tawm. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam lub hlwb sib txheeb ntawm qhov teeb meem kev paub txog kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm kev sib deev qhia tau hais tias kev ua si ntawm cov khoom plig cuam tshuam txog lub hlwb cov kev xav thiab kev xav paub txog kev xav ua yog cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav qhia txog kev sib deev sib deev (Hom li al, 2016a thiab Voon li al., 2014)). Txog tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav raws li kev twv ua ntej tias kev siv tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv Internet pornography los daws cov kev ntxhov siab los yog kev ntxhov siab yuav suav tias yog qhov kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsim IPD. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txhawb qee cov kev xav tseem ceeb ntawm cov theoretical coj rau kev siv Internet tsis zoo, tab sis cov qauv no yuav tsum tau teev txog cov txheej txheem uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho thiab saib xyuas ntawm kev siv Internet kev saib duab liab qab.
4.2. Cov kev txwv thiab kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej
Peb tau soj ntsuam qhov chaw kuaj ntshav kuaj mob los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas qhov tsis yog kev kuaj mob. Kuj tseem muaj qhov txawv txav tsis zoo hauv cov qauv kev coj ntawm IPD, cov txiaj ntsig xav tau los xyuas tias muaj tseeb hauv qhov kev pab nrhiav. Ntxiv mus, txij li peb tau xaiv tsuas yog cov tib neeg uas tau pom zoo rau kev soj ntsuam sai ua ntej thiab tom qab saib Internet pornography nyob hauv tsev, xaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees yuav tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias peb tau nug cov neeg tuaj koom seb lawv puas nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo, tab sis tsis yog seb lawv nyob nrog lawv tus khub. Rau cov kev tsis ncaj ncees qhov no xav tau kev tswj hwm rau hauv qhov kev kawm yav tom ntej. Ntxiv mus, cov kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv qhov chaw ntiag tug tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev saib duab liab qab siv rau kev xav hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus (piv txwv, nrog kev tshawb nrhiav ntev ntev) lossis hwm cov poj niam siv cov duab liab qab hauv Internet.
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Cybersex qhov kev tiv thaiv: Kev ua nkauj nraug kev sib deev thaum saib cov duab liab qab thiab cov neeg tsis yog lub neej ntawm kev sib daj sib deev ua qhov txawv
Phau Ntawv Txog Kev Cuam Tshuam, 2 (2013), pp. 100-107 http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.002
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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C. Laier, J. Pekal, M. Hom
Cybersex quav nyob rau hauv cov poj niam txiv neej poj niam siv Internet siv duab liab qab tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev txaus siab kev xav
CyberPsychology, Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm, thiab Social Networking, 17 (2014), pp. 505 – 511 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0396
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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C. Laier, J. Pekal, M. Hom
Kev sib deev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ua kom qoj ib ce txiav txim siab cybersex quav rau cov hom txiv neej nyiam txiv neej
CyberPsychology, Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm, thiab Social Networking, 18 (2015), pp. 575 – 580 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0152
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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T. Kev Hlub, C. Laier, M. Hom, L. Hatch, R. Hajela
Neuroscience ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev saib duab liab qab hauv Internet: Tshawb xyuas thiab hloov kho tshiab
Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm, 5 (2015), pp. 388 – 433 http://doi.org/10.3390/bs5030388
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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G.-J. Meerkerk, RJJM van den Eijnden, HFL Garretsen
Kwv yees tau siv compulsive Internet: Nws yog txhua yam ntawm kev sib deev!
CyberPsychology & Tus Cwj Pwm, 9 (2006), p. 95–103 http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.95
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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J. Peter, PM Valkenburg
Puas raug rau kev sib daj sib deev cov khoom hauv Internet ua rau lub cev tsis txaus siab? Kev tshawb ntev
Cov Kws Tshaj Lij rau Neeg Txom Nyem, 36 (2014), pp. 297-307 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.071
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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MN Potenza
Cov yeeb yam tsis quav tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus nug ntawm DSM-5
Hom phom, 39 (2014), pp. 1-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.004
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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RC Reid, DS Li, R. Gilliland, JA Stein, T. Fong
Kev ntseeg siab, kev siv tau, thiab kev txhim kho kev xav hauv lub cev ntawm kev saib duab liab qab noj hauv kev piv txwv ntawm tus txiv neej hypersexual
Phau Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Sib Deev & Kev Txij Nkawm, 37 (2011), p. 359–385 http://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.607047
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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H. Rosenberg, SW Kraus
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm "kev mob siab rau" rau cov duab liab qab nrog kev sib daj sib deev, kev siv ntau zaus, thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov duab liab qab
Hom phom, 39 (2014), pp. 1012-1017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.010
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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MW Ross, S.-A. Månsson, K. Daneback
Muaj ntau leej, xwm yeem, thiab txheeb ze ntawm qhov teeb meem kev sib deev siv Is Taws Nem hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam
Cov Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Coj Tus Kheej, 41 (2012), pp. 459 – 466 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9762-0
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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P. Schulz, W. Schlotz, P. Becker
Trierer Inventar zum Chronischen Kev nyuaj siab (TICS)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (2004)
K. Shaughnessy, ES Byers, SL Clowater, A. Kalinowski
Kev ntsuam xyuas tus kheej ntawm arousal-oriented cov haujlwm hauv kev sib deev hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab hauv zej zog
Cov Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Coj Tus Kheej, 43 (2014), pp. 1187 – 1197 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0115-z
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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J. Snagowski, E. Wegmann, J. Pekal, C. Laier, M. Hom
Kev koom ua ke nrog hauv cybersex kev quav: Kev yoog los ntawm Kev Sib Koom Lub Koom Haum nrog cov duab liab qab
Hom phom, 49 (2015), pp. 7-12 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.009
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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N. Stanley, C. Barter, M. Ntoo, N. Aghtaie, C. Larkins, A. Lanau, C. Överlien
Cov duab liab qab, kev sib daj sib deev thiab kev tsim txom thiab kev sib deev nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas kev sib raug zoo: Kev tshawb fawb European
Phau ntawv Journal ntawm tus kheej kev nruj kev tsiv (2016) http://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516633204
R. Steyer, P. Schwenkmezger, P. Notz, M. Eid
Der Mehrdimensionale Befindlichkeitsfragebogen (MDBF)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (1997)
V. Voon, TB Mole, P. Banca, L. Porter, L. Morris, S. Mitchell,… M. Irvine
Neural correlates ntawm cue reactivity rau cov neeg uas muaj thiab tsis muaj compulsive kev coj cwj pwm
PloS Ib, 9 (2014), Tshooj e102419 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
Wéry, J. Billieux
Cyberex teeb meem: Kev ua kom pom tseeb, ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab kho
Hom phom, 64 (2015), pp. 238-246 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007
Wéry, J. Burnay, L. Karila, J. Billieux
Lub luv luv french Is Taws Nem Ntsuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas tau yoog rau kev sib deev hauv online: Txhim kho thiab sib txuas nrog kev nyiam sib deev online thiab cov tsos mob ua yees
Phau ntawv tshawb fawb txog poj niam txiv neej, 30 (2015), pp. 1 – 10 http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1051213
KS Hluas
Kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev hauv Internet: Kev pheej hmoo, theem ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab kev ua nkauj nraug
Asmeskas Tus Cwj Pwm Kev Coj Tus Kheej, 52 (2008), pp. 21 – 37 http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764208321339
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Saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm
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Tus sau sau ntawv ntawm: Kev Puas Siab Ntsig: Cognition, Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Duisburg-Essen thiab Chaw rau Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm Kev Coj Ua (CeBAR), Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
© 2016 Tus sau phau ntawv. Luam tawm los ntawm Elsevier BV
Lus cim rau cov neeg siv:
Cov ntawv sau tau txais yog cov lus hauv Xovxwm uas tau saib xyuas thiab lees txais los ntawm phau ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv luam tawm. Lawv tseem tsis tau luam tawm edited thiab / lossis tau muab luam tawm hauv cov ntawv luam tawm tsev, thiab tej zaum tseem tsis tau tag nrho ScienceDirect functionality, xws li, cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tseem yuav tau ntxiv, txuas mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsis sib haum tsis tau. tseem hloov ua ntej kev luam tawm zaum kawg.
Txawm hais tias tau txais cov ntawv sau tsis muaj tag nrho cov ncauj lus nyeem tau, tseem tuaj yeem raug suav siv xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm online thiab DOI, raws li hauv qab no: tus sau (cov), cov ncauj lus, Tshaj tawm (xyoo), DOI. Thov sab laj cov phau ntawv sau cia siv txoj kev rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, hais cov npe ntawm phau ntawv journal thiab siv cov cim sau ntawv.
Thaum qhov kawg tsab xov xwm raug muab rau tagnrho / teeb meem ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, tsab xov xwm hauv Xovxwm yuav raug tshem tawm thiab qhov kawg version yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov sib txuas luam tawm xov xwm / teeb meem ntawm Ntawv Tshaj Lij. Hnub vas thib ua ntej hauv tsab xov xwm no yuav raug xa tawm.
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