Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab nws txoj kev xav txog kev sib daj sib deev (2019)

Txuas rau abstract - J Cov neeg. 2019 Feb 9; 72: 10-13. doi: 10.1016 / j.adolescence.2019.01.006.

Xim av JA1, Wisco JJ2.

Abstract

QHIA: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem luv luv no yog los tshawb nrhiav seb puas muaj kev sib txheeb ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb thiab kom paub tseeb ntxiv txog cov khoom sib deev.

METHODS: EBSCO Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv tau tshawb fawb los siv cov lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no: cov hluas, kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, neuroplasticity, cov khoom siv sib deev, kev sib deev thiab saib duab liab qab.

RESULTS: Cov ntawv nyeem tau nthuav qhia ntau yam ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb uas txawv dua li lub hlwb paub tab. Cov no suav nrog: lub cev tsis tseem ceeb prefrontal cortex thiab dhau-ntu limbic thiab striatal circuits, muaj lub sijhawm ntau ntxiv rau neuroplasticity, overactive dopamine system, tshaj tawm HPA axis, ntxiv qib ntawm testosterone, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj hormones steroid. Lub cev kev teb rau cov khoom sib daj sib deev yog delineated. Kev sib tshooj ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb thiab kev sib daj sib deev yog qhov tsis zoo. Daim ntawv sau ua qauv ua piv txwv uas sib piv cov lus teb ntawm cov laus thiab cov hluas rau tib qho kev sib daj sib deev yog tau sau tseg.

LUS XAUS: Cov ntawv nyeem tau qhia tias cov hluas lub hlwb yuav nkag siab txog cov khoom sib deev, tab sis vim tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb cov lus nug no tsis tuaj yeem teb tau meej. Cov lus qhia rau kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej tau muab rau txhawm rau txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntxiv hauv cov haujlwm niaj hnub no.

COV LUS TSEEM CEEB: Cov Hluas; Cov hluas lub hlwb loj hlob; Neuroplasticity; Duab liab qab; Kev sib deev; Cov khoom siv sib daj sib deev

PMID: 30754014

DOI: 10.1016 / j.adolescence.2019.01.006

Cov xeeb ceem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb

Kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem luv luv no yog tshawb nrhiav seb puas muaj kev sib txheeb ntawm cov cim ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab lub cev nqaij tawv ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb thiab muaj kev paub ntxiv txog cov khoom sib deev. Lub EBSCO Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv tau tshawb fawb siv cov lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no: kev hluas, kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, neuroplasticity, cov khoom siv sib deev, kev sib deev, saib duab liab qab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas yog lub caij nyoog thaum menyuam yaus thiab neeg laus tiav los ntawm kev hloov hauv lub cev, lub hlwb, thiab kev loj hlob (Ernst, Pine, & Hardin, 2006).

Lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hluas lub hlwb suav nrog cov hauv qab no: 1) Lub cev tsis tseem ceeb ua ntej ua ntej lub cortex thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib tw (Dumontheil, 2016; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Somerville, Hare, & Casey, 2011; Van Leijenhorst et al. , 2010; Vigil li al., 2011); 2) Lub sijhawm muaj kev cia siab rau neuroplasticity (McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Schulz & Sisk, 2006; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil li al., 2011); 3) dopamine sib zog (Andersen, Rutstein, Benzo, Hostetter, & Teicher, 1997; Ernst et al., 2005; Luciana, Wahlstrom, & Dawb, 2010; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Wahlstrom, Dawb, & Luciana, 2010) ; 4) Lub suab HPA tshaj tawm (Dahl & Gunnar, 2009; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Romeo, Lee, Chhua, McPherson, & McEwan, 2004; Walker, Sabuwalla, & Huot, 2004); 5) Augmented qib ntawm testosterone (Dorn li al., 2003; Vogel, 2008; Mayo Clinic / Mayo Medical Laboratories, 2017); thiab 6) Qhov tshwj xeeb feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj hormones steroid (cortisol thiab testosterone) rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thaum lub koom haum lub qhov rais thaum tiav hluas (Brown & Spencer, 2013; Peper, Hulshoff Pol, Crone, Van Honk, 2011; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et) al., 2011).

Blakemore thiab cov npoj yaig tau coj lub tshav puam tawm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas lub hlwb kev loj hlob thiab tau tawm tsam tias cov hluas xyoo yuav tsum tau xav tias yog lub sij hawm tseem ceeb vim muaj kev tawm tsam lub hlwb tawm tsam (Blakemore, 2012). Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb uas dhau mus rau kev hloov ntau tshaj thaum lub hnub nyoog tseem ceeb yog kev tswj xyuas, kev ua haujlwm ntau thiab kev npaj (Blakemore, 2012).

Blakemore thiab Robbins (2012) txuas rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj kev pheej hmoo txiav txim siab txiav txim siab thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig tus cwj pwm no los cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev qeeb, txoj kev txhim kho ntawm kev tswj tsis tau thiab tiv thaiv cov lus teb thaum cov hluas piv rau qhov tsis yog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm qhov khoom plig, uas feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Khoom plig rau thaum tiav hluas.

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev sib deev

Cov khoom sib daj sib deev ua rau amygdala ntawm lub limbic system (Ferretti li al., 2005; Karama li al., 2002; Redoute li al., 2000; Walter li al., 2008). Kev ua ntawm amygdala concomitantly pib ua cov hauv qab no: 1) cov hypothalamus ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha nqaj qaum pib qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lub plawv tsis txaus siab uas ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntawm epinephrine thiab norepinephrine; 2) qhov hypothalamus ua rau lub plab pituitary, ua rau cortisol tso tawm los ntawm hypothalamic– pituitary axis adrenal (HPA) axis, thiab testosterone tso tawm ntawm hypothalamic – pituitary gland gonadal (HPG) axis (Viau, 2002); 3) lub nucleus accumbens yog qhib txais ntawm dopamine. Txhawm rau soj ntsuam tag nrho ntawm amygdala thiab nws cov kev ncig sab hauv thiab kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem somatic pom Mirolli, Mannella, thiab Baldassarre (2010). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm prefrontal cortex tau tsawg zuj zus, thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm basal ganglia tau nce vim yog tso tawm ntawm cov neurotransmitters (Arnsten, 2009; Hanson li al., 2012; Radley, 2005).

Ob qho tib si uas tsis tau pom dua thiab nquag siv cov duab liab qab hauv internet tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg Greek cov neeg hluas (Tsitsika et al., 2009). Kev saib duab liab qab siv ua rau ncua kev txo qis, lossis ib tus neeg lub siab nyiam ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tam sim ntawd (Negash, Sheppard, Lambert, & Fincham, 2016). Kev sib tham thiab cov npoj yaig tau siv ib qho piv txwv uas muaj hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 19 thiab 20, uas tus sau hais qhia tseem yog cov kev xav txog roj ntsha. Lawv rov hais dua tias lawv cov qauv tsis tau tshaj tawm txog cov neeg siv quav lossis yuam siv, tabsis kev hloov pauv hauv kev txiav txim siab tseem muaj.

Kev saib duab liab qab yog cuam tshuam rau cov kev txhawb nqa thiab cov neuroplasticity ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig mesolimbic dopaminergic nqi zog (Hilton, 2013). MRI kev soj ntsuam pom pom muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov duab liab qab teev toj ib asthiv thiab qhov teeb meem grey nyob rau hauv txoj cai xaj xaim thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txuas nrog dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Kev saib duab liab qab tuaj yeem yog qhov ua rau lub hlwb no, tab sis qhov kev tshwj xeeb uas ua rau kev saib duab liab qab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tau.

Ua hauj lwm cov ntsiab lus xaus

Peb tshaj tawm cov qauv kev ua hauj lwm, xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev tsis ntsees. Kev sib tshooj ntawm cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb uas muaj kev sib txawv hauv lub hlwb thiab cov khoom sib deev tsis zoo.

Thaum kis tau los ntawm cov khoom sib daj sib deev, qhov kev xav ntawm amygdala thiab HPA axis yuav kho kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, piv nrog cov neeg laus. Qhov no yuav ua rau ntau qhov tawm ntawm qhov prefrontal cortex thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hauv qab ganglia hauv cov hluas. Tus mob no, yog li ntawd, yuav tso kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm, uas suav nrog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tswj tus kheej, thiab txhim kho qhov tsis muaj zog. Vim hais tias tus tub ntxhais hluas lub hlwb tseem tab tom txhim kho, nws yog qhov ua kom zoo dua rau neuroplasticity. Lub prefrontal cortex mus "off-line," thiaj li mus hais lus, tsav cov kev hloov maj mam uas nyiam qhov kev nthuav dav subcortical. Yog hais tias neuroplasticity tsis txaus lub sijhawm txuas mus ntxiv, qhov no yuav ua rau lub cortical hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog txaus siab rau qhov kev hloov tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus hluas mus txuas ntxiv tus kheej thiab ua kom lub siab tsis ncaj. Tus tub ntxhais hluas lub caj dab accumbens, lossis chaw lom zem ntawm lub hlwb, yuav muaj qhov kev xav tshaj qhov piv rau cov neeg laus. Cov theem ntawm dopamine yuav txhais tau rau hauv cov kev xav uas cuam tshuam nrog dopamine, xws li kev lom zem thiab kev ntshaw (Berridge, 2006; Volkow, 2006).

Vim tias qhov pubertal nce qib ntawm testosterone, nws qib yuav tseem tau txhawb ntxiv hauv qhov sib piv rau cov neeg laus. Qhov kev nce qib hauv testosterone no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau dua (Ntug Dej & Dabbs, 1996; Goetz et al., 2014; Nelson, Leibenluft, McClure, & Pine, 2005; Schulz & Sisk, 2006) thiab kev xav txog kev sib deev (Amstislavskaya & Popova, 2004; Bonilla – Jaime, Vazquez-Palacios, Arteaga-Silva, & Retana-Marquez, 2006; Exton et al., 1999; Redoute li al., 2000; Stoleru li al., 1999;).

Vim hais tias ntawm lub koom haum qhov rai ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thaum tiav hluas, cortisol thiab testosterone yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau lub koom haum hlwb lossis kev muaj peev xwm txais tau ntawm ntau txoj kev sib luag. Cov nyhuv no yuav tsis pom hauv cov neeg laus vim tias lub qhov rais tshwj xeeb ntawm lub koomhaum tau kaw lawm. Cortisol raug mob mus ntev tau muaj qhov tshwm sim, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tus tub ntxhais hluas, kom tsav lub neuroplasticity uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ntxhov siab txawm tias dhau los ntawm neeg laus (McEwen, 2004; Tsoory & Richter-Levin, 2006; Tsoory, 2008; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; 2010). Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm amygdala post puberty, tsawg kawg ntawm ib feem, nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm testosterone raug thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov rais (De Lorme, Schulz, Salas-Ramirez, & Sisk, 2012; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013; Neufang et al., 2009; Sarkey, Azcoitia, Garcia- Segura, Garcia-Ovejero, & DonCarlos, 2008). Lub zog amygdala tau txuas rau qib siab ntawm kev xav thiab kev cais tus kheej kev tswj hwm (Amaral, 2003; Lorberbaum li al., 2004; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013).

Kev sab laj thiab kev taw qhia yav tom ntej

Daim ntawv no tau nrhiav los pib sib tham txog kev kawm: Cov hluas puas tuaj yeem xav paub txog kev sib daj sib deev vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm tus hluas lub hlwb? Cov ntawv nyeem tawm tshiab tam sim no qhia tias cov hluas lub hlwb yuav xav paub qhov tseeb txog kev sib daj sib deev, tab sis vim yog tsis muaj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb lo lus nug no tsis tuaj yeem teb tau meej. Cov kev sib tw ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txiav txim siab zoo rau kev tswj hwm kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem ceeb, txawm tias muaj kev nkag siab zoo los xij, txoj hauv kev rau txoj kev kawm tshawb fawb tau zoo hauv daim teb no.

Raws li qhov pib, peb pom zoo kom ua cov neeg tshawb fawb siv ntsuas kev ntsuas tus kheej uas nug txog kev coj tus cwj pwm ua ntej pib sib deev cov khoom sib deev, thiab tom qab sib txawv ntawm kev sib kis. Cov ntawv soj ntsuam kuj tseem muab tau rau niam txiv kom paub tseeb hais tias niam txiv-menyuam kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau menyuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus kheej li cas (thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kawm).

Lwm txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb los xav txog yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm thev naus laus zis los ua lub rooj vag rau cov hluas ua rau raug ntxias los ntawm cov khoom sib deev. Txij li thaum siv kev tshaj xov xwm hauv zej zog tuaj yeem taug qab thiab piv rau kev siv pom, kev tshawb fawb uas hais kom cov neeg koom ntsuam xyuas lawv tus kheej kev siv cuab yeej technology thiab kev siv cov khoom sib daj sib deev yuav yog kev kawm ncaj qha rau kev coj ua.

Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev txhawb nqa rau daim teb no yuav yog kev tshawb nrhiav ntev uas yuav koom nrog cov pab pawg menyuam yaus los ntawm kev tiav hluas thiab ua tiav kev laus nrog cov ntaub ntawv kho mob yav dhau los thiab nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cev, lub cev, thiab lub hlwb los ntawm cov kev teeb tsa tsis tu ncua thiab kev ua haujlwm MRI, thiab / lossis PET imaging.

Tsim kev ua tib zoo saib, kev tshawb fawb coj los tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib daj sib deev hauv lub hlwb cov hluas yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ua kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg laus tau ntsib nrog cov khoom siv sib deev.

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