Amati aliyense amakumbukira nthawi yawo yoyamba ndipo ndikukumbukira ndithu. Kunali m'chilimwe cha 1992, ndi msungwana wokongola kwambiri. Chabwino kwenikweni, tsopano ndikuganiza za izo, pangakhale atsikana anai kapena asanu. Ndipo panali amuna angapo, mmodzi mwa iwo amene ndimamukumbukira momveka bwino ali ndi masharubu a masewera ndipo samva kanthu koma awiri a Black Jordans wakuda.
Kwa mamiliyoni a amuna, nthawi yoyamba kuwonera zolaula chinali - ndi gawo limodzi lakukula. Gawo laulendo wakukhwima pakugonana, mukayamba kupeza zomwe zimakusinthirani, ngakhale jenda itakutembenuzirani. Kwa anthu ambiri am'badwo wanga njirayi inali yopanda vuto lililonse; mwina ndikuwona playboy, buku la Mills ndi Boon kapena, kwa ine, kukumana kovuta pang'ono ndi Kanema wakunja kwinaku ndikufufuza BSkyB pazowunikira ku Italy. Chisangalalo chathu chinali, mmbuyo, onse osalakwa.
Koma masiku ano bizinesi yolaula ndi yoopsa kwambiri - komanso yowopsa. Kuwonjezeka kwa intaneti m'mbali zonse za moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku kumalola anthu kuti azitha zolaula nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse komwe angafune, ndipo palibe chilichonse, ngakhale zinthu zoipitsitsa kapena zowononga, sichingodina pang'ono. Ngakhale anthu otchuka monga Kim Kardashian ndi Kate Moss akulowererapo pochotsa izi, ndikuwonetsa maliseche awo pazanema komanso muma magazine odziwika. Zithunzi zolaula zimakulunga aliyense wa ife; palibenso njira yothawira.
Malo otsutsa zolaula amayamba
Komabe pali gulu lomwe likuwonjezeka kuti lichotsere anthu mliriwu. Masamba monga No Porn komanso NoFap yokongola ikulimbikitsa anthu kusiya chizolowezi, kusiya kuonera zolaula pokhulupirira kuti kudziletsa kumathandizira kuti anthu azigwira bwino ntchito, kusukulu komanso kuchipinda. Makampeni akuchulukirachulukira pazanema, ndikulimbikitsa komwe kukadapangitsa oletsa ku America kunyada zaka zana zapitazo.
Koma kodi zolaula ndi zoipa kwambiri? Kodi ili ndi vuto lenileni, kapena kungoyankha yankho ku tsunami wa T & A yemwe walowa pa intaneti?
Kuti mudziwe, IBTimes UK analankhula ndi Gary Wilson, mkulu wa ansembe wotsutsa zolaula, mwamuna yemwe sayansi yake yamupeza iye intaneti yaikulu. Malo ake, Ubongo Wanu Pa Porn, ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zotchuka kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi zochitika zamakono zamakono, ndipo wanyengerera gulu lankhondo kuti lipite ku ozizira.
Wilson, yemwe adayambitsa YBOP zaka zinayi zapitazo, akuti siwotsutsa. Ngati anthu akufuna kuwonera alendo awiri (kapena kupitilira apo) akugonana pa intaneti, sangathenso kugona nawo. Amangotsegulidwa ndi sayansi ya zolaula; monga mphunzitsi wakale wa anatomy, amasangalatsidwa ndi kukula kwa ubongo wamunthu, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kugonana. Chikondi ichi chimagawana ndi mkazi wake Marnia Robinson, wolemba yemwe adalembedwa mabuku angapo okhudzana ndi maubale.
Wilson anati: “Zonsezi zinayamba nditakumana ndi mkazi wanga zaka 15 zapitazo IBTimes UK. "Tidalemba zolemba ndi mabuku okhudza ubongo wokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso maubale. Tidawona kuti tiyenera kulemba za izi chifukwa panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa sayansi ndi zolemba ndi zomwe zimachitikadi. Tinayamba kulemba za izi patsamba lake, kenako adati ndiyenera kudzipangira inemwini. ”
Koma ndichifukwa chiyani masamba ngati YBOP akupeza zokopa zochuluka tsopano? Zachidziwikire kuti zolaula zakhalapo kuyambira pomwe munthu adaphunzira kujambula - ndichifukwa chiyani zili zowopsa pagulu mwadzidzidzi?
"Choyamba ndizokhudza makanema, makanema otsatsira," akutero Wilson. "Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana asanabadwe amatha kuwonera mphindi zitatu za anthu enieni, azakugonana kwenikweni, ngati mukufuna kutchula izi.
"Makanema otsatsira adayamba mchaka cha 2006. Idafunikira intaneti yothamanga kwambiri. Zithunzi zolaula zimapanganso masamba azithunzi, zithunzi zazifupi pa intaneti zosonyeza zachiwerewere. Chifukwa cha intaneti, aliyense tsopano ali ndi mavidiyo. "
'Tikubwezeretsanso ubongo wathu'
Malinga ndi a Wilson, zolaula ndizosokoneza bongo chifukwa ntchito zazikuluzikulu za intaneti zimalunjika muubongo wathu wakale. Zonse zokhudzana ndi dopamine, neurotransmitter yomwe imayang'anira mphotho ndi malo osangalatsa aubongo.
"Dera lamalipiro limayambitsidwa pazinthu monga kugonana, chakudya, madzi, kuchita bwino, koma zimayambitsanso zachilendo," Wilson amandiuza. "Ndipo ndi zomwe intaneti ili - kuthekera kodina kuchokera pazowonekera mpaka zochitika. Mumalumpha kwambiri mu dopamine ndikuyambitsa dera lamalipiro. Intaneti ndiyosangalatsa kwambiri, ma foni am'manja ndiosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa amayendetsa dera la mphotho kudzera zachilendo.
“Palinso kuphwanya ziyembekezo. China chake chikakhala chosiyana ndi momwe amayembekezera, zimakupatsani dopamine. Mukungopeza zambiri kuposa zomwe mumayembekezera, ndikupanga zinthu zosiyana ndi zomwe mumayembekezera. Mbali yosavuta ndiyodabwitsidwa kapena kudabwitsidwa - ndichifukwa chake kanema wowopsa amakhala wosangalatsa, ndichifukwa chake coaster chosangalatsa ndichosangalatsa. Ndipo nkhawa ilidi, yosangalatsa kwenikweni; imayambitsa adrenaline, yomwe imadzutsa chilakolako. ”
Wasayansi akuwonetsa kuti zolaula zimapezeka paliponse, makamaka, ndikubwezeretsanso ubongo wathu kuti tiwone kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana ngati mwayi wongochita. Simusowa kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro anu panonso, kapena kutenga nawo gawo pazochitikazo. Kukongola kwa zolaula ndikuti kumadza kwa inu, popanda kuyesayesa kofunikira, kudzaza ubongo wanu ndi zithunzi zosangalatsa komanso kukongola kopanda tanthauzo.
Wilson akufotokoza kuti: "Zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chilakolako chogonana ngati galu wa Pavlov. "Mukupanga template mukakhala pampando ndikuchita maliseche.
"Anthu ena amawona kuti akhoza kungodina zolaula kapena zolaula, [ndikuti mnzake amene sakugwirizana naye samayenderana ndi momwe amaonera zolaula, kapena amayankhira."
'Zimatiphunzitsa kukhala osakhutira'
Malingana ndi Wilson, anthu ambiri tsopano akufuna kugonana ndi zolaula m'malo mochita zenizeni. Vutoli latchulidwa kale ngati chifukwa cha erectile dysfunction; Amuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito zozizwitsa, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kukhala angwiro. Zithunzi zazing'ono zimakhalanso zokha, zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu.
Wilson akukhulupiriranso kuti "zolaula", zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi masamba azibwenzi pa intaneti, ndizomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikwatirana pazaka zaposachedwa; Anthu nthawi zonse amayang'ana winawake wokongola, pafupi ndi malingaliro omwe amawasokoneza pa intaneti.
"[Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti] zimatiphunzitsadi tonsefe zomwe sitikhutitsidwa," akutero. "Titha kungodina china chatsopano, kenako titha kudina pa Tinder ndikuyambitsa tsiku latsopano."
Lingaliro limeneli likugwirizana ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwapa, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku wochokera ku Office of National Statistics, omwe amasonyeza kuti, ku England ndi ku Wales, pafupifupi zaka zakubadwa m'banja mu 2012 anali 36.5 kwa amuna, ndi 34 kwa akazi. Mawiri onsewa adawonjezeka pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuchokera ku 1972.
Zofukufuku zikuwonetsanso kuti mavuto ogwiririra ndi chiwawa chapakhomo akuwonjezereka kwambiri, ndipo nkhaniyi ikufala ku UK monga kulikonse. Chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa kolembedwa ku England ndi ku Wales chinakwera ndi 29% m'miyezi ya 12 mpaka June 2014, pamene chiwerengero cha milandu yachiwawa chapakhomo chinakwera ndi 15% kumapeto kwa 2013 yekha.
Wilson akukayikira kunena motsimikiza kuti zolaula zimayambitsa nkhanza kwa amayi, chifukwa "maphunzirowa akutsutsana". Komabe, akuwonetsa kuti hardcore erotica ikulimbikitsa amuna, makamaka anyamata, kuti aziwona akazi awo ngati zidole zogonjera zomwe zitha kusangalala ndi zogonana.
Iye anati: “Ndinganene kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa kuyeza chiwawa ndi kukakamiza. Izo sizinaphunzire mpaka posachedwapa. Chaka chatha, ofufuza adayang'ana achinyamata, azaka 16 mpaka 18, ndipo panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pakugonana. Amunawo adakakamizika kuchita izi chifukwa anali ataziwona zolaula kotero adakakamiza abwenzi awo kuti azichita, ngakhale palibe wokondedwa wawo yemwe adati amasangalala nazo. Achinyamatawa akuganiza kuti izi ndi zabwinobwino. ”
'Amakhala ndi ziboda, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa'
Komabe vuto lomwe limafala kwambiri ndikuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe ndi zolaula zapaintaneti zothamanga kwambiri masiku ano, zomwe zitha kukhala zonyenga, monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena gulu la A.
Mofanana ndi chizolowezi choyipa chilichonse, zolaula zingayambitse zizindikiro komanso kuchepa. Komanso kuchepa kudzidalira, kumapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wokondwa kwambiri. Komanso, monga ogwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka kwambiri, amatha kukhala ndi ziwalo zosiyana zogonana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikayikira komanso azidandaula.
Ogwiritsa ntchito molunjika omwe amapita ku makanema ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha [kapena mosemphanitsa] atha kukhala ndi nkhawa pazomwe akumana nazo - momwe samayenera kuchitira izi - zimawapatsa chidwi chosangalatsa cha dopamine. Koma pambuyo pake amayamba kukayikira zakugonana kwawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa mu dzenje la akalulu okayikira; mawu oti "kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha OCD", kapena HOCD, apangidwa kuti aphatikize kuchuluka kwakukula kwa achinyamata, onse owongoka komanso ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, atsekerezedwa ndi mphekesera zazomwe amakonda.
Wilson anati: "Nthawi zambiri anyamata amakhala ndi ziboda zolaula, kaya ndi kugonana pachibale, kulamulidwa ndi akazi, ena akhoza kuyamba zolaula, ngakhale zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Takhala ndi achiwerewere omwe akhala akuchita zachiwerewere moyo wawo wonse omwe amayamba zolaula. Ndikofunika kolimbikitsana kwakukulu.
"Anthu amafufuza zolaula zambiri, zolaula zowopsa kwambiri, pamapeto pake zimawonjezeka chifukwa chogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda zogonana kotero zimayambitsa nkhawa, ndipo mutha kukulira pamene mukuseweretsa maliseche, mumatopa ndi BDSM ndipo mumawona makanema ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha patsamba la chubu. Ndizodabwitsa, iwe umatulutsa umuna ndipo umakwiyitsa pazomwezi. Pambuyo pake pamadzudzulidwa. ”
'Tiyenera kukambirana za dera lamalipiro'
Ndiye tingatani pa zolaula? Kodi yakwana nthawi yoti tiyambitse jihad pazomwe zimayendetsa masewerawa, kuti tiletse zolaula? Wilson sakukhulupirira kuti izi ndizotheka.
Akuti: "Ndikudziwa ku UK amayesa kukhazikitsa kotero muyenera kulowa masamba azolaula, koma sindikudziwa ngati zithandizadi; anthu ayenera kuti azitha kuyandikira izi. Ena akunena kuti masamba onse azolaula azikhala ndi kirediti kadi, koma sindikudziwa kuti zingagwire bwanji. ”
Katswiriyo amakhulupirira kuti njira yokhayo ndikulingalira pa sukulu, ana asanayambe kusokonezeka, ndipo amasiya nsonga-toeing kuzungulira nkhani ya kusintha.
“Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikusowa pa maphunziro a zakugonana?” Wilson akufunsa. “Maphunziro okhudza dera la mphotho. Pazomwe intaneti komanso njira yobweretsera ingakhudzire zochitika zapa zolaula. Momwe ubongo waunyamata umasiyanirana ndi ubongo wamunthu wamkulu, komanso ndizosiyana bwanji ndi intaneti. ”
Mapulani a Wilson atha kugwira ntchito mpaka pamlingo wina. Mwina mibadwo yotsatira, yomwe idakwezedwa pa intaneti kuyambira pomwe idabadwa, idzakhala yanzeru kwambiri. Mwina gulu la No Porn lipita padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo masamba ngati PornHub sangachoke. Koma ndi ofufuza akuti mpaka 40% ya intaneti tsopano yadzipereka pa zolaula, omenyera ufulu wawo ali ndi nkhondo yayikulu m'manja mwawo.
Buku latsopano la Gary Wilson Ubongo Wanu pa Zithunzi: Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti ndi Emerging Science of Addiction ilipo mu pepala ndi mapulogalamu a eBook.
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