Kufufuza kwa "Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chimakhudzana ndi mauthenga okhudza matenda opatsirana pogonana" (Steele et al., 2013)

ZOCHITIKA KWAMBIRI: Zaka zingapo zapitazo, David Ley ndi wophunzira Chithunzi cha Nicole adagwirizana kuti alembe Psychology Today zolemba za blog Steele et al., 2013 yotchedwa "Ubongo Wanu pa Zolaula - SIMASULUTSA". Cholemba cha blog chinapangidwa miyezi 5 pamaso Phunziro la EEG la Prause lidasindikizidwa mwalamulo. Udindo wake wochititsa chidwi ndikusocheretsa chifukwa ulibe kanthu kochita nawo Ubongo Wanu pa Zithunzi kapena nthenda ya ubongo yomwe imaperekedwa kumeneko. M'malo mwake, David Ley wa March, post ya blog ya 2013 imalepheretsa kuphunzirira zolakwika za EEG - Steele et al., 2013.

pomwe: Msonkhano uwu wa 2018 Gary Wilson akuwonetsa choonadi cha maphunziro a 5 okayikitsa komanso osocheretsa kuphatikizapo phunziro ili (Steele et al., 2013): Kafukufuku Wosaka: Zoona Kapena Zopeka?

David Ley ndi mlembi wa Bodza Lachiwerewere, ndipo amatsutsa mwachipembedzo zogonana ndi zolaula. Ley adalemba 30 kapena blog blog Kuwonetsa maofesi ochezera zolaula, ndikusiya zolaula komanso zolaula za ED. Ley & Prause sanangogwirizana kuti alembe Ley's Psychology Today zolemba za blog Steele et al., 2013, kenako adagwirizana nawo kuti asindikize pepala la 2014 kusiya zolaula.

Nthawi zambiri timawona a Ley Psychology Today Zolemba za blog zomwe zikutchulidwa pazokambirana za zolaula. Ngakhale ambiri amanena kuti ndizofunika kwambiri kuti adziwe kuti pali vutoli Steele et al., 2013 adanenadi. Ngati kusaka mosasankha kwa Google ndikomwe muli nazo, ndizomwe mumalemba. M'malo mwake, Phunziro la Prause la 2013 EEG limathandiziradi mtundu wa zolaula ndipo sanapeze zomwe a Ley kapena a Prause akuti adachita. Kusanthula kasanu ndi kawiri kwa anzawo Steele et al. 2013 ikufotokoza momwe Steele et al. Zotsatirazi zimapereka chithandizo ku zolaula zolaula. Mapepala amavomerezana ndi kukopa kwa YBOP chifukwa tonse timavomereza kuti Steele et al. kwenikweni anapeza zotsatirazi:

  • Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo (zolemba zapamwamba za EEG) kwa zithunzi zogonana zogwirizana ndi zithunzi zopanda ndale (mofanana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti awonongeke).
  • Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo-kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula anali nako Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu (koma osati chilakolako chakugonana ndi zolaula). Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwalimbikitsa komanso kukhumudwitsa.

Mapepala atatu amafotokozanso njira zolakwika za phunziroli ndi zomwe sanapeze umboni. Pepala # 1 limangoperekedwa kwa Steele et al., 2013. Mapepala 2-8 ali ndi zigawo zofufuza Steele ndi al., 2013:

  1. 'High Desire', kapena 'Mwachisa' Chizolowezi Choledzeretsa? Yankho kwa Steele et al. (2013), lolembedwa ndi Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
  2. Valerie Voon, Thomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, Laura Porter, Laurel Morris, Simon Mitchell, Tatyana R. Lapa, Judy Karr, Neil A., Neural Correlates of Receptive Reactivity Kwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Zomwe Amachita Zachiwerewere (2014) Harrison, Marc N. Potenza, ndi Michael Irvine
  3. Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update (2015), wolemba Todd Love, Christian Laier, Matthias Brand, Linda Hatch & Raju Hajela
  4. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapakhomo (2016), ndi Brian Y. Park, Gary Wilson, Jonathan Berger, Matthew Christman, Bryn Reina, Frank Bishop, Warren P. Klam ndi Andrew P. Doan
  5. Njira Zozindikira ndi Zopanda Kumvetsetsa: Kodi Zimathetsa Nthawi Zambiri Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito? (2017) ndi Sajeev Kunaharan, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, Shannon Bosshard, ndi Peter Walla
  6. Njira zokhudzana ndi kugonana (2018), Ewelina Kowalewska, Joshua B. Grubbs, Marc N. Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Małgorzata Draps, ndi Shane W.Kraus.
  7. Kulimbana ndi Uliwonse pa Intaneti: Zimene Timadziwa ndi Zimene Sitili-Kufufuza Kwambiri (2019), Rubén de Alarcón, Javier I. de la Iglesia, Nerea M. Casado ndi Angel L. Montejo.
  8. Kuyambika ndi Kukula kwa Kugonana kwa Umoyo wa Edzi: Kugonjetsedwa Kwaumunthu, Kukhazikitsa Mchitidwe ndi Neural Mechanism "(2019) ndi He Wei, Shi Yahuan, Zhang wei, Luo Wenbo, He Wiezhan

Zindikirani: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana". Izi ndizofunikira monga a Prause ananenera kuti omvera ake amangokhala ndi libidos (koma sanatero, monga momwe muwonera pansipa).

Introduction

Kafukufuku wa Lab Lab: "Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chikugwirizana ndi mauthenga okhudza matenda opatsirana pogonana Ochitidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana”(Wotchedwa Steele et al., 2013).

Kufufuza kwa 2013 EEG kunayambika pazinthu zofalitsa monga umboni wonena za kukhala ndi zizolowezi zolaula (kapena kusokoneza bongo). Zoonadi, YBOP imatchula phunziro ili pochirikiza kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zolaula. Chifukwa chiyani? Phunzirolo linalongosola ma eEG apamwamba mawerengedwe (P300) pamene maphunziro amapezeka ku zithunzi zolaula. P300 yapamwamba imapezeka pamene oledzera amawonekera (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, phunziroli linanena kuti anthu omwe ali nawo chidziwitso chochulukira pa zolaula anali chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu (koma osati chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi zolaula). Kuyika njira ina - anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wambiri komanso zolakalaka zolaula atha kuseweretsa maliseche kuposa kugonana ndi munthu weniweni.

Mu nyuzipepala, wolankhulila wophunzira Nicole Prause adanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi libido yamakono, komabe zotsatira za phunziroli zimanena chinachake chosiyana. Pamenepo, chidziwitso chachikulu chokhudzana ndi zolaula, kuphatikizapo chilakolako chakugonana ndi enieni, chikugwirizana Ubongo wa 2014 Cambridge University umafufuza kuwerenga pa zolaula amadwala. Monga mudzaonera pansipa, zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu wa EEG sizikugwirizana mitu yankhani kapena zomwe wolemba analemba.

M'nkhani yotsatilayi tikutsutsa malingaliro opanda maziko ndikuwulula zomwe maphunzirowa adapeza, ndi chifukwa chake sizinayambe zatchulidwa. Ndikulongosola zachidulechi, chomwe chimayang'ana zotsatila zazikulu zitatu zomwe zimafalitsidwa m'ma TV.

pomwe: Zambiri zachitika kuyambira July, 2013. UCLA sanayambitsenso mgwirizano wa Nicole Prause (oyambirira a 2015). Sipanakhalenso Pemphero lotchuka zochitika zambiri zolembedwa zozunzidwa ndi kulemekeza monga gawo la "astroturf" yopitiliza kuchititsa anthu kuti aliyense amene samatsutsana ndi ziganizo zake ayenera kuchitidwa chipongwe. Pembedzero yasonkhanitsa mbiri yakale olemba mabuku, odwala, olemba nkhani, ndi ena omwe akuyesera kufotokozera umboni wa ziwawa kuchokera ku ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Iye akuwoneka kuti ali osangalatsa kwambiri ndi makampani oonera zolaula, monga momwe tingawonere pa izi Chithunzi cha iye (kumanja) pamphepete wofiira wa mwambo wa mpikisano wa Critics Organization (XRCO) X-Rated (XRCO). (Malinga ndi Wikipedia the XRCO Awards amaperekedwa ndi American X-Rated Critics Organisation chaka ndi chaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zosangalatsa zachikulire ndipo ndizopadera zokha zotsatsa malonda zomwe zikuwonetseratu zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogulitsa ntchito.[1]). Zikuwonekeranso kuti Pemphero lingakhale nalo anapeza zithunzi zolaula monga maphunziro kudzera mu mafakitale ena ogulitsa zolaula, gulu Mgwirizanowu waulere. Maphunziro omwe adapezeka ndi FSC akuti amamugwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira aganyu pa wodetsedwa kwambiri ndi Kusinkhasinkha Kwambiri ” chiwembu (tsopano kufufuzidwa ndi FBI). Kuthekera kwapanganso Zosagwirizana zosagwirizana za zotsatira za maphunziro ake ndi iye njira zophunzirira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: Kodi Nicole Anagwiritsira Ntchito Pulogalamu Yolimbikitsa Zogulitsa Zojambulajambula?

Kusintha (Chilimwe, 2019): Pa May 8, 2019 A Donald Hilton, MD adaipitsa pa se mlandu motsutsana ndi Nicole Prause & Liberos LLC (Dr. Hilton adatsutsa Steele et al. mu 2014). Pa Julayi 24, 2019 A Donald Hilton adasintha madandaulo ake onyoza kuwunikira (1) zodandaula za Texas Board of Medical Examiners zodandaula, (2) milandu yabodza yomwe Dr. Hilton adalembera mbiri yake, komanso (3) ma affidavits a 9 omwe adazunzidwa mofananamo (A John Adler, MD, Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Staci Sprout, LICSW, Linda Hatch, PhD, Bradley Green, PhD, Stefanie Carnes, PhD, Geoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)

THE SHORT VERSION

ophunzira: Maphunziro 52 adayesedwa kudzera pazotsatsa "kupempha anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa momwe amaonera zithunzi zachiwerewere. ” Ophunzirawo (azaka zapakati pa 24) anali osakaniza amuna (39) ndi akazi (13). Otsatira 7 anali non-chiwerewere. Cholakwika chachikulu mu Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) ndikuti palibe amene akudziwa kuti, ngati alipo, mwa omvera a Prause adalidi osokoneza bongo. Poyankhulana mu 2013 Chithunzi cha Nicole amavomereza kuti ambiri mwa anthu ake anali ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sanali oledzera):

"Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zovuta kwambiri, kuwongolera momwe amaonera zolaula."

Kuwonjezera pa kusadziŵa kuti ndi nkhani iti yomwe idakali chiwerewere, maphunziro onse a Pemphero, kuphatikizapo awa, adachita osati zojambula pazithunzi za matenda a m'maganizo, zizoloŵezi zopanikizika, kapena zoledzeretsa zina. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti "kuphunzira kwamaubongo" kulikonse pakuledzera, kuwopa kuti zisokonezo zimapangitsa zotsatira kukhala zopanda tanthauzo

Cholakwika china choipa ndicho Steele et al. nkhani sizinali zosiyana (zomwezo zimapitilira maphunziro ena a Prause). Anali amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma onse anawonetsedwa muyezo, mwinamwake wosakhudzidwa, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Izi zokha zimachotsa zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chiyani? Phunziro pambuyo pa phunziro limatsimikizira kuti amuna ndi akazi ali nawo kwambiri zosiyana ubongo umayankha mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ochita kafukufuku amatsutsana mosamala nkhani. Popeza kuti Phunziro la Prause silinayambe, zotsatira zake ndi zosadalirika, ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyenga chirichonse.

Zimene Anachita: Kuwerenga kwa EEG (ntchito zamagetsi pa scalp) zidatengedwa ngati ophunzira amawonedwa zithunzi za 225. 38 ya zithunziyi inali kugonana, ndipo onse ogwirizana ndi mkazi mmodzi ndi mwamuna mmodzi. Momwemo EEG kuwerengera (P300) kuyesetseratu kuti akulimbikitseni. Ophunzirawo anamaliza mayankho a 4: Kufuna Kugonana (SDI), Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (SCS), Zotsatira Zoganizira za Chiwerewere (SBOSBQ), ndi Zojambula Zogonana (PCES).

Mafunso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa "zolaula" (Sculsivity Scale) anali sikutsimikiziridwa ngati chida choyang'ana zolaula. Linapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo linapangidwa ndi kugonana kosadzitetezedwa kugona (ndi abwenzi) mu malingaliro, pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi. The SCS imati:

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Kuphatikiza apo, amapatsa funsoli mafunso azimayiwo. Komabe wopanga SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichikuwonetsa psychopathology mwa akazi,

"Mayanjano omwe amapezeka pakati pazakugonana ndi zina zokhudzana ndi psychopathology zidawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abambo ndi amai; Kuchita zachiwerewere kumalumikizidwa ndi ma index a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Mwachidule, 3 Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) onse akuphatikizapo nkhani zomwezo - ndipo onse adalephera kuwona ngati anthuwa anali osokoneza bongo kapena ayi. Pembedzero lidavomereza kuti zambiri mwazinthu sizinali zovuta kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito. Mitu yonseyi ikadayenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti alolere kuyerekezera kovomerezeka ndi gulu la omwe siamachita zachiwerewere.

cholinga: Kufufuza kulumikizana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga kwa EEG ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamafunso osiyanasiyana-pamalingaliro akuti kulumikizana kulikonse kungawunikize ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndizovuta kapena kungokhala ndi libido.

Zotsatira: Olemba afukufuku akuti adapeza chiwerengero chimodzi chokha pakati pa deta yomwe idasonkhana:

"Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa P300 kutalika kwa zosangalatsa zabwino zogonana, zokhudzana ndi zosakhudzidwa, sizinali zoipa zokhudzana ndi zofuna za kugonana, koma osagwirizana ndi zogonana. "

Translation: Kutanthauzira kumatanthauza kutsika chikhumbo. Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo-kuyanjana ndi zolaula anali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi wokondedwa (koma osakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuseweretsa maliseche). Kuyika njira ina - anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wambiri komanso zolakalaka zolaula atha kuseweretsa maliseche kuposa kugonana ndi munthu weniweni. Kupeza uku kumatsatiridwa ndi mfundo iyi:

Kutsiliza: Zotsatira za kugonana kwachiwerewere monga chikhumbo chachikulu, m'malo mopweteka, akufotokozedwa.

Hu? Kodi cholakwika (m'munsi) chinasinthika bwanji (chapamwamba)? Nchifukwa chiani chomwe chinapangidwira kwambiri-kuwonetsa zolaula zogwirizana ndi chikhumbo chapansi kugonana ndi wokondedwa kutsogolera kuganiza kuti kugonana ndikumvetsetsa ngati chikhumbo chachikulu? Palibe amene akudziwa, koma kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku kunali maziko a nkhani zambiri. Chithunzithunzi cha Nicole chinagwira ntchito monga wolankhulira Steele et al., 2013 M'manyuzipepala Pemphero limapereka zifukwa zotsatirazi kuti zitsimikizire zonena zake kuti "zolaula palibe"

  1. In Kuyankhulana kwa TV ndi mu UCLA akusindikizidwa wofufuza Nicole Prause akunena kuti ubongo wa omvera sanayankhe monga ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  2. Mitu yayikulu komanso kumaliza kwa kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti "chiwerewere" chimamveka ngati "chikhumbo chachikulu", Komabe kafukufukuyu akuti mitu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri chikhumbo chochepa kwa kugonana.
  3. Steele et al. amanena kuti kusowa mgwirizano Pakati pa kuwerenga kwa EEG ndi mafunso ena amatanthauza kuti zolaula sizipezeka.

Mutha kuwerenga kusanthula konse, koma nayi chiwonetsero cha 1, 2 ndi 3 pamwambapa.

KUYESA NTHAWI YA 1: Kuyankha kwamaubongo amutu kumasiyana ndi mitundu ina yaomwe amakhala osokoneza bongo (cocaine anali chitsanzo).

Zambiri zabodza komanso mitu yazokhudza kafukufukuyu zimadalira izi. Nayi hype:

cholengeza munkhani:

"Ngati nawonso ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere, kapena chizolowezi chogonana, momwe ubongo wawo ungachitikire ndi ziwonetsero zakugonana zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zikhala zazikulu, mofananamo momwe ubongo wa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine awonetsedwa kuti amachitapo kanthu pazithunzi za mankhwalawa m'maphunziro ena. ”

Kuyankhulana kwa pa TV:

Reporter: "Anawonetsedwa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zolaula, ndipo ubongo wawo unayang'aniridwa."
Pembedzero: "Ngati mukuganiza kuti mavuto azakugonana ndi chizolowezi, titha kuyembekezera kuwona yankho lolimbikitsidwa, mwina, pazithunzi zogonana. Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndi vuto lofuna kutengeka mtima, tikadakhala tikuyembekeza kuwona mayankho ochepera pazithunzi zogonana. Ndipo chifukwa choti sitinawone ubale uliwonsewu zikuwonetsa kuti palibe chifukwa chothandizira kuthana ndi mavutowa ngati chizolowezi chogonana. ”

Psychology Today kuyankhulana:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiyani?

Pembedzero: Kuphunzira kwathu kunayesedwa ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto amenewa amawoneka ngati ena omwe amalephera kuchoka ku ubongo wawo ku zithunzi zogonana. Zofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine, zasonyeza njira yogwirizana ya ubongo ku mafano a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kotero tinaneneratu kuti tiyenera kuona chitsanzo chomwecho mwa anthu omwe amafotokoza zolimbana ndi kugonana ngati kwenikweni, kuledzera.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza kugonana ndi chiwerewere ndi nthano?

Pembedzero: Ngati phunziro lathu lafotokozedwa, zotsatirazi zikanakhala zovuta kwambiri pazinthu zokhudzana ndi kugonana ". Chifukwa chomwe zotsatirazi zimakhala zovuta zimasonyeza kuti ubongo wawo sunayankhe mafano ngati ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuti "ubongo sunayankhe ngati zina zotayika”Ilibe chithandizo. Chotsimikiziridwa ichi sichipezeka paliponse mu phunziro lenileni. Amapezeka pamafunso a Prause. M'maphunziro awa anali ndi ma EEG (P300) apamwamba powerenga zithunzi zachiwerewere - ndizomwe zimachitika anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowonera zithunzi zokhudzana ndi vuto lawo (monga phunziro ili pa cocaine oledzera). Kufotokozera pansi pa Psychology Today kuyankhulana la Pemphero, Pulofesa wamkulu wa maphunziro a maganizo, John A. Johnson, adati:

"Malingaliro anga akadali odabwitsa kwa a Prause akuti malingaliro ake omwe sanatengerepo kanthu sanayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga ubongo wa omwe amaletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayankhanso mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa mwayi kuti awerenge za P300 zapamwamba pazithunzi zogonana. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala awo osankha. Kodi angadziwe bwanji zotsutsana ndi zotsatirapo zake? Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kukhala chifukwa chamalingaliro ake-zomwe amayembekeza kuti apeza. ”

John A. Johnson akupitiriza:

Mustanski akufunsa, "Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiani?" Ndipo Prause akuyankha, "Kuphunzira kwathu kunayesa ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavutowa [akuthetsa vuto lawo loyang'ana pa Intaneti] amaoneka ngati ena omwe amalephera kuchoka ku ubongo wawo ku zithunzi za kugonana."

Koma phunziroli silinagwirizane ndi zojambula za ubongo kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto otsogolera kuwona kwawo pa intaneti pa zochitika zapamwamba ku zojambula za ubongo kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zojambula za ubongo kuchokera kwa osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe akanakhala njira yowonekeratu kuti aone ngati ubongo umayankha kuchokera ku mavuto gulu likuwoneka ngati momwe ubongo umayankhira oledzera kapena osakhala oledzera.

M'malo mwake, Pemphero limanena kuti zojambula mwawo ndi njira yabwinoko, pamene maphunziro ofufuza amakhala ngati gulu lawo lolamulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe awa, iwo adapeza kuti mayankho a EEG a anthu awo (monga gulu) ku zithunzi zolaula zinali zamphamvu kuposa mayankho awo a EEG kwa mafano ena. Izi zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi zoyendetsera (ngakhale pazifukwa zina graph imasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa galasi lenileni mu nkhani yosindikizidwa).

Kotero gulu ili lomwe likunena kuti liri ndi vuto loyang'ana momwe iwo akuwonera pa machitidwe a pa intaneti ali ndi mayankho amphamvu a EEG kwa zithunzi zolaula kuposa mitundu ina ya zithunzi. Kodi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amawonetsa kuyankha kwamphamvu kwa EEG akaperekedwa ndi kusankha kwawo? Sitikudziwa. Kodi abwinobwino, osakhala osokoneza bongo amawonetsa kuyankha kwamphamvu monga gulu lovutikira? Ndiponso, sitikudziwa. Sitikudziwa ngati mtundu wa EEG uwu ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi ubongo wa omwe amaletsa kapena osokoneza bongo.

Gulu lofufuzira la Prause likuti likuwonetsa kuwonetsa ngati mayankho okwezeka a EEG a maphunziro awo erotica ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu kwaubongo kapena kungoyankha kwamphamvu kwa ubongo pakukonzanso tsatanetsatane wamavuto omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa mayankho a EEG. Koma kufotokozera zakusiyana mu yankho la EEG ndi funso losiyana pakuwona ngati kuyankha kwa gulu lonse kumawoneka ngati kowonjezera kapena ayi.

Tsamba lomwe liri ndi mkangano pakati pa Nicole Prause (monga osadziwika) ndi John A. Johnson: John A. Johnson pa Steele et al., 2013 (ndi Johnson akukambirana za Prague Nicole mu gawo la ndemanga pansi pa nkhani yake yonena za Steele et al.).

Zambiri: Zonena kuti maubongo am'mutuwu amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yaukadaulo zilibe chithandizo. M'malo mwake, 2014 Phunziro la yunivesite ya Cambridge (Voon et al., 2014) inafotokozedwa Steele et al. ndipo anagwirizana ndi Johnson: Steele et al. adalemba P300 apamwamba poyankha zithunzi zogonana zokhudza zithunzi zosalowererapo (ndemanga 25). Kuyambira kuphunzira kwa Cambridge:

"Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti ntchito ya DACC ikuwonetsa gawo la chilakolako chogonana, chomwe chingafanane ndi kafukufuku wa P300 mu maphunziro a CSB ogwirizana ndi chikhumbo [25] …… Kafukufuku wa P300, chochitika chokhudzana ndi chochitika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira kusamala pazovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, chikuwonetsa njira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chikonga [54], mowa [55], ndi opiates [56], zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenderana ndi zikhumbo zolakalaka. ”… ..Choncho, ntchito yonse ya DACC mu maphunziro a CSB ndi ntchito ya P300 yomwe inafotokozedwa mu phunziro la CSB lapitalo ikhoza kusonyeza njira zomwezo. "

izi 2015 ayang'aniranso mabuku ofotokoza za ubongo mwachidule Steele et al.:

"Ndiye ngakhale olemba awa [303] adati kafukufuku wawo adatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa CSB, Voon et al. ananena kuti olembawo anaperekadi umboni wotsimikizira mtunduwo. ”

LIMBIKITSANI NTHAWI YA 2: Mitu yankhani & zomaliza za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti "chiwerewere" chimamveka "chikhumbo chachikulu", Komabe kafukufukuyu akuti mitu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri chikhumbo chochepa kwa kugonana.

Zomwe simunawerenge pazofunsidwa komanso zolemba ndikuti kafukufukuyu adalemba a kulumikizana kolakwika pakati pa "mafunso okhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana" ndi kuwerenga P300. Mwanjira ina, kutsegula kwakukulu kwaubongo kumalumikizidwa ndi chikhumbo chochepa zogonana (koma osati chilakolako chogonana). Onani mawu a Prause mu zokambiranazi:

Kodi chofunikira chachikulu mu phunziro lanu ndi chiyani?

"Tidapeza kuti mayankho aubongo pazithunzi zachiwerewere sananenedweratu ndi mafunso atatu mwapadera okhudzana ndi chiwerewere. Kuyankha kwa ubongo kunanenedwa kokha ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana. Mwanjira ina, kugonana kosagonana sikuwoneka kuti kumafotokozera kusiyanasiyana kwamaubongo pakungogonana kuposa kungokhala ndi libido yambiri. ”

Onani kuti Prause adati "muyeso”Za chilakolako chogonana, osati“ a enitre Kugonana Kwachidwi ". Pamene mafunso onse a 14 adawerengedwa panalibe kulumikizana, ndipo kunalibe mutu wankhani. Chosokoneza kwambiri ndi mutu wophunzira womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito “Chilakolako cha kugonana”, osati zomwe zidapezeka:Kusagwirizana kolakwika ndi mafunso osankhidwa okhudzana ndi kugonana pakati pa a SDI", koma palibe mgwirizano pamene mafunso onse a SDI amawerengedwa".

Nazi pano Ndemanga ya John A. Johnson PhD pansi pa pempho la Prause:

"Gulu la a Prause linanena kuti mgwirizano wokhawo wowerengeka ndi yankho la EEG unali mgwirizano wolakwika (r = -. 33) wokhala ndi chikhumbo chogonana ndi mnzake. Mwanjira ina, panali chizoloŵezi chochepa cha anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofunikira za EEG kuti asakhale ndi chilakolako chakugonana ndi wokondedwa. Kodi izi zinganene bwanji ngati ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowongolera momwe angawonere zolaula ndi ofanana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena osakhala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi libido yayikulu? ”

Patapita mwezi umodzi John A. Johnson PhD anafalitsa a Psychology Masiku ano blog post za Phunziro la EEG la Prause komanso zomwe adawona kuti ndizokondera mbali zonse ziwiri. Nicole Prause (monga wosadziwika) adayankhapo pomupangitsa Johnson kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe YBOP idatsutsa. Johnson adayankha nawo ndemanga zotsatirazi zomwe Pemphero silinayankhepo:

Ngati cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwonetsa kuti "anthu onse" (osati omwe amangoti ndiwozolowera kugonana) amawonetsa kukwera kwa matalikidwe a P300 mukamawona zithunzi zakugonana, mukunena zowona - sindikumvetsetsa, chifukwa kafukufukuyu amangogwiritsa ntchito zongogonana osokoneza. Ngati phunziroli * likadagwiritsa ntchito gulu lofanizira osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikupeza kuti nawonso adawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300, ndiye kuti ofufuzawo akanakhala ndi mlandu podzinenera kuti ubongo wa omwe amatchedwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi omwe samakonda kumwa , ndiye mwina palibe kusiyana pakati pa omwe amati ndi osokoneza bongo komanso omwe siomwerekera. M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti omwe adziwonetsa okhawo adawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300 poyankha zomwe amadzinenera kuti ndi "mankhwala" (zithunzi zakugonana), monganso omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine amawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300 atapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine, zidakwa zimawonetsa P300 woperekedwa ndi mowa, ndi zina.

Ponena za kulumikizana pakati pa matalikidwe a P300 ndi zina zambiri, chiwonetsero chofunikira kwambiri chinali cholumikizira * cholakwika * ndi chikhumbo chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwanjira ina, mphamvu ya ubongo ikamayang'ana chithunzi cha kugonana, * zochepa * zimafuna kuti munthuyo agonane ndi munthu weniweni. Izi zikumveka kwa ine ngati mbiri ya munthu yemwe amakonda kwambiri zithunzi zomwe amavutika kulumikizana ndi anthu m'moyo weniweni. Ndinganene kuti munthuyu ali ndi vuto. Kaya tikufuna kunena kuti vutoli ndi "chizolowezi" tikukambiranabe. Koma sindikuwona momwe izi zikuwonetsera kusowa kwa chizolowezi muchitsanzo ichi.

Zambiri: Palibe kulumikizana komwe kunalipo pakati pa kuwerengera kwa EEG ndi mndandanda wa mafunso okhudzana ndi kugonana a 14. Tsalani bwino mutu waphunziro ndi mitu yankhani. Ngakhale kulumikizana kwabwino kungakhalepo, kunena kuti "kulakalaka kwakukulu" ndi kutengera "chizolowezi" ndichachinyengo. Zambiri zowonjezera, kuwerenga kwa P300 kunali zoipa Zolumikizana (r = -. 33) ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwachidule - anthu omwe anali ndi chidziwitso chochulukira-zolaula zolaula zinali nazo Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi munthu weniweni.

KUYESA NTHAWI YA 3: Zizolowezi zolaula sizipezeka chifukwa chosowa mgwirizano pakati pa zowerengera za 'EEG zowerengera ndi zambiri' pazakugonana.

The kusowa mgwirizano pakati pa EEG ndi mafunso akufotokozedwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zambiri:

1) Nkhanizo zinali amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma onse adasonyezedwa muyezo, mwina osakondwera, zithunzi zachikazi + zachikazi. Izi zokha zimachotsa zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chiyani?

  • Kuphunzira pambuyo pa phunziro kumatsimikizira kuti amuna ndi akazi ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana.
  • Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amakhala ndi mitu yofanana: kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana komweko, komanso mibadwo yofanana ndi ma IQ.
  • Kodi ofufuza angayesere bwanji osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha poyesa zolaula zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - kenako amapeza mfundo zazikulu chifukwa chosowa mgwirizano?

2) Nkhanizi sizinawonetsedwe. Kuloledwa kovomerezeka kwa ubongo kuwonetsera anthu omwe alipo kale (kuvutika maganizo, OCD, zizoloŵezi zina, ndi zina zotero). Onani Kuphunzira kwa Cambridge mwachitsanzo pakuwunika moyenera & njira.

3) Ophunzira adakumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, kuyambira wovuta kufikira wamng'ono. Chidule kuchokera ku Prause:

"Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zovuta kwambiri, kuwongolera momwe amaonera zolaula."

Izi zokha zimatha kufotokoza zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizinagwirizane m'njira yodziwikiratu. Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amafanizira gulu la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe si osokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu analibe.

4) SCS (Sculsivity Scale) siyiyeso yoyenera yowonera zolaula pa intaneti kapena azimayi. Idapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo idapangidwa ndi kugonana kosalamulirika kugona m'maganizo (pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi). The SCS imati:

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Komanso, wogwirizira wa SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichidzawonetsa psychopathology kwa amayi,

"Mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zogonana ndi zizindikiro zina za psychopathology zinkasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi; Kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma inde a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Monga SCS, kafukufuku wachiwiri (CBSOB) alibe mafunso okhudza zolaula pa intaneti. Linapangidwa kuti liwonetsere nkhani za "hypersexual", komanso zikhalidwe zosagonana.

Zambiri: Kuledzera koyenera "kuphunzira kwamaubongo" kuyenera: 1) kukhala ndi mitu yofananira ndikuwongolera, 2) mawonekedwe azovuta zina zamisala ndi zosokoneza, 3) kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ovomerezeka ndi zoyankhulana kuti mutsimikizire kuti anthuwo ali osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wa EEG wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula sanachite izi. Izi zokha zimachotsera zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Kufufuza kwa Steele et al. kuchokera pazowunikiridwa ndi anzanu za zolembazo - Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso (2015)

Kufufuza kwa EEG pa omwe akudandaula za mavuto owonetsa maonekedwe awo pa zolaula za pa intaneti wanena kuti neural reactivity ku zofuna za kugonana [303]. Phunziroli linalinganizidwa kuti liyang'ane mgwirizano pakati pa ERP amplitudes pakuwona zochitika zamaganizo ndi zachiwerewere komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana. Olembawo anatsimikiza kuti kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa zifukwa zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere komanso kuganiza kuti P300 amplitudes pakuwona zithunzi za kugonana "kulepheretsa kupereka chithandizo cha zitsanzo za kugonana kosagonana" [303] (p. 10). Komabe, kusowa kwa mgwirizano kungakhale bwino kufotokozedwa ndi zolakwika zomveka mu njira. Mwachitsanzo, phunziroli linagwiritsa ntchito dziwe lopanda ntchito (amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha). Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubongo poyerekeza ndi ubongo wa chizolowezi chowongolera thanzi labwino kumafuna maphunziro omvera (kugonana komweko, mibadwo yofanana) kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Malinga ndi maphunziro a zizolowezi zolaula, zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mozama mu ubongo ndi kuyankha mozizwitsa ku zofanana zogonana zogonana [304,305,306]. Kuonjezera apo, mayankho awiri owonetsetsa sakuvomerezedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a IP osokonezeka, ndipo nkhanizi sizinawonedwe kuti ziwonetsedwe zina zowonongeka kapena vuto la maganizo.

Ndipotu, zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, "Zotsatira za kugonana kwachiwerewere ndizolakalaka kwambiri, osati zosokonezeka, zikufotokozedwa" [303] (p. 1) zikuoneka kuti palibe malo omwe akuwona kuti phunziroli likupeza kuti P300 matalikidwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi wokondedwa. Monga tafotokozera ku Hilton (2014), kupeza izi "kumatsutsana ndikutanthauzira kwa P300 monga chikhumbo chachikulu" [307]. Kufufuza kwa Hilton kukuwonetsanso kuti kupezeka kwa gulu lolamulira ndi kulephera kwa teknoloji ya EEG kuyesa pakati pa "chilakolako chogonana" ndi "kugwiriridwa" kumapereka Steele et al. zovuta zosatheka [307].

Potsiriza, pepala lalikulu (mapepala apamwamba a P300 kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere, zokhudzana ndi zithunzi zopanda ndale) zimapatsidwa chidwi chochepa mu gawo la zokambirana. Izi siziyembekezereka, monga momwe anthu ambiri amapezera ndi mankhwala ndi intaneti akuwonjezeka P300 matalikidwe okhudzana ndi zosakhudzidwa pokhapokha ngati akuwonekera pazithunzi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo choledzera [308]. Ndipotu, Voon, et al. [262] anapereka gawo la zokambirana zawo pofufuza zofufuza za P300 izi zisanachitike. Voon et al. Kupereka kufotokozera kufunika kwa P300 yomwe sinalembedwe mu pepala la Steele, makamaka ponena za kukhazikitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo,

Choncho, ntchito yonse ya DACC mu maphunziro a CSB ndi ntchito ya P300 yomwe inafotokozedwa mu kafukufuku wa CSB wapitawo [303] angasonyeze njira zofananamo zofanana ndi zofunikira kwambiri. Mofananamo, maphunziro awiriwa amasonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa izi ndi chikhumbo chochuluka. Apa tikusonyeza kuti ntchito ya DACC ikugwirizana ndi chilakolako, chomwe chingasonyeze chiwerengero cha chilakolako, koma sichigwirizana ndi malingaliro okondweretsa omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. [262] (p. 7)

Kotero pamene olemba awa [303] adanena kuti kuphunzira kwawo kunatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa CSB, Voon et al. adalemba kuti olemba awa amapereka umboni wothandizira chitsanzo.

VERSION YAKALE

Zotsatira Zikunena Chinthu Chimodzi, Pomaliza Pomaliza ndi Olemba Amatanthauza Zotsutsana

Mutu wa kafukufukuyu, komanso mitu yambiri, imanena kuti ubale (ubale) unapezeka pakati pa "chilakolako chogonana" monga momwe kuyerekezera ndi Kufuna Kugonana Mwachidziwitso ndi ma EEG. Malinga ndi zonse zomwe tingapeze, SDI ndi Mayankho a 14. Mafunso asanu ndi anayi mwa mafunso ake amayankha pakati pa "dyadic") chilakolako chogonana komanso ma adilesi anayi ("payekha") chilakolako chogonana. Kuti mumveke, kafukufukuyu zoipa Chigwirizano chinafikira ndi osagwirizana mafunso okhudza kugonana kuchokera ku SDI. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuwerenga kwa P300 ndi onse mafunso omwe ali pa SDI. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidatengedwa kuchokera pazolemba:

 ZINTHU: "Kukula kwakukulu kwa matalikidwe a P300 pakukondweretsedwa kosangalatsa pakukhudzana ndi kugonana, zinali zogwirizana ndi zochitika za chilakolako cha kugonana, koma osagwirizana ndi zogonana. "

Kutanthauzira: Omwe ali ndi chidwi chodziwikiratu-kuchitanso zolaula (ma EEG apamwamba) adatsitsa chikhumbo chawo chogonana ndi mnzake (koma osati kufunitsitsa kwawo kuseweretsa maliseche). Kunena kwina, cue-reactivity zogwirizana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana (komabe akulakalaka kugonana zolaula). Komabe chiganizo chomwechi chikutembenuzidwa chilakolako chakugonana ndi wokondedwa mkulu chilakolako chogonana:

POMALIZA: Zotsatira zake kumvetsetsa zachiwerewere monga chikhumbo chachikulu, m'malo mopweteka, akufotokozedwa.

Kodi Steele et al tsopano akunena kuti adapezadi chilakolako chakugonana kugwirizana ndi mawerengedwe apamwamba a P300? Izi sizinachitike, monga a John Johnson PhD adalongosolera izi zowonongeka ndi anzako:

'Chiwerengero chimodzi chodziŵika chodziŵika bwino sichinena kanthu za kuledzera. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kupeza kwakukulu ndi Kusagwirizana pakati pa P300 ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu (r = -0.33), kusonyeza kuti kukula kwa P300 kumagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana; Izi zimatsutsana ndikutanthauzira kwa P300 monga chikhumbo chachikulu. Palibe kusiyana kwa magulu ena osokoneza bongo. Palibe kusiyana kwa magulu olamulira. Zotsatira zomwe ochita kafukufuku anapeza zokhudzana ndi chiwerengerochi, zomwe sizimanena kuti anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti ayambe kuona zithunzi zogonana kapena alibe ubongo amayankha mofanana ndi cocaine kapena mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chifukwa chiyani a John Johnson ayenera kukumbutsa olemba ndi ena onse, kuti Steel et al. anapeza "chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi wokondedwa", osati "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana"? Chifukwa ambiri a Steele et al. ndipo zofalitsa zofalitsa nkhani zimatanthauza kuti kugwiritsanso ntchito zolaula kumayenderana ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana. Mapeto omwe adatengedwa kuchokera pazolemba:

Kutsiliza: Zotsatira zake kumvetsetsa chiwerewere monga chikhumbo chachikulu, M'malo mokhumudwa, akufotokozedwa.

Mwati bwanji? Koma phunziro linanena kuti nkhani zomwe zili ndi cue-reactivity zinali zazikulu chilakolako chakugonana ndi mnzanu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mawu oti "chilakolako chogonana" abwerezedwa nthawi 63 mu phunziroli, ndipo mutu wa kafukufukuyu (Chilakolako Cha Kugonana, Osati Kugonana Kwachiwerewere….) Umatanthawuza kuti kukwezedwa kwa ubongo pazinthu zina kumalumikizidwa ndi chikhumbo chakugonana. Werengani kafukufukuyu zonse mapeto ndipo inunso mungaganize kuti olembawo apeza apamwamba m'malo moletsa kugonana:

Pomalizira, miyeso yoyamba ya neural reactivity ku zolaula zogonana ndi zosagonana pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chofotokozera mavuto omwe akuwonetsa momwe akuwonera zovuta zofanana ndizo zimapereka chithandizo cha zitsanzo za kugonana kosagonana, monga momwe zilili ndi mafunso. Makamaka, kusiyana pakati pawindo la P300 pakati pa zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi ndale kunali ananenedwa ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, koma osati ndi (kapena zitatu) zogonana zogonana. Ngati chilakolako cha kugonana Ambiri amatsutsa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi nkhanza zokhudzana ndi kugonana, kusamalira chilakolako cha kugonana, popanda kulembera zokambirana zina zokhudzana ndi kugonana, kungakhale njira yothandiza kuchepetsa kuganizira zofuna kugonana kapena makhalidwe okhumudwitsa.

Palibe pamene tikuwona m'munsi chilakolako chogonana. M'malo mwake tapatsidwa - "ananeneratu za chilakolako cha kugonana ” ndi "Kuwongolera chilakolako chogonana" ndi “Kuchepetsa malingaliro okhumudwitsa kapena zikhalidwe zogonana.” Phunziroli silinangokhala kotsutsa owerenga kuti akhulupirire zolaula ndizovuta kwambiri, Pempheroli linalimbikitsanso izi. mu zokambirana zake: (onani mawu)

Kodi chofunikira chachikulu mu phunziro lanu ndi chiyani?

"Tidapeza kuti mayankho aubongo pazithunzi zachiwerewere sananenedweratu ndi mafunso atatu mwapadera okhudzana ndi chiwerewere. Kuyankha kwa ubongo kunanenedwa kokha ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kugonana kwachiwerewere sikukuwoneka kuti kufotokoza kusiyana kwa ubongo kuchitapo kanthu pa kugonana Zina zoposa kungokhala ndi libido yamwamba."

Pembedzero linanenedwa ndi "muyeso”Zakukhumba zogonana, osati ndi" Chiwerewere chonse ". Pamene mafunso onse a 14 adawerengedwa panalibe kulumikizana, ndipo palibe mutu womwe ungatembenuzidwe. Pembedzero limanenanso chimodzimodzi mwa iye UCLA akusindikizidwa:

"Kuyankha kwaubongo pazithunzi zogonana sikunanenedweratu ndi mafunso aliwonse atatu okhudzana ndi chiwerewere," adatero. "Kuyankha kwa ubongo kunangogwirizana ndi kukula kwa chilakolako cha kugonana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kugonana kwachiwerewere sikuwoneka kuti kufotokoza kuyankha kwa ubongo ku zithunzi zogonana monga kungokhala ndi libido yokha."

M'mafunso onse awiriwa akuti kuwerengedwa kwa P300 kwakukulu kunali kokhudzana ndi "libido yayikulu". Aliyense mwa atolankhani adagula. Poganizira zomwe zapezeka, Steele et al. amayenera kutchedwa - "Kusagwirizana kolakwika ndi mafunso okhudza kugonana kwadongosolo, koma palibe mgwirizano pamene mafunso onse a SDI amawerengedwa".

Zambiri: Cue-reactivity (kuwerenga kwa P300) kunali zoipa Zolumikizana (r = -. 33) ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwachidule: chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana chimagwirizana kwambiri-kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula. Ponseponse, palibe kulumikizana komwe kunalipo pakati pa kuwerengera kwa EEG ndi mndandanda wonse wamafunso okhudzana ndi kugonana wa 14. Ngakhale kulumikizana kwabwino kungakhalepo, kunena kuti "kulakalaka kwakukulu" ndi kutengera "chizolowezi" ndichachinyengo.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kafukufukuyu ali ndi zolakwika ziwiri pokhudzana ndi SDI. Kugwira mawu phunziroli:

"Magulu a SDI miyezo yogonana pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso iwiri wopangidwa ndi zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri."

Ndipotu, a Kufuna Kugonana Mwachidziwitso lili ndi mafunso asanu ndi anayi oyanjana, funso limodzi lokhas, ndi funso limodzi zomwe simungathe kuzigawa (#14).

Cholakwika chachiwiri: Gulu 2 akuti mulingo woyesera payekha ndi "3-26," komabe tanthauzo la chachikazi limadutsa. Ndi 26.46 – kwenikweni pamndandanda. Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Mafunso anayi ogonana payekha (10-13) amaphatikiza mpaka 31 ".

Bitsulo yamafilimu, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusindikiza phunziroli, imayambira pamutu pazochitika zadongosolo la SDI. Komabe kuwerenga kulembedwa kumaphatikizapo zolakwika za SDI zokha, zomwe sizilimbikitsa anthu ochita kafukufuku.

Kulakalaka Kwakukulu Kumagwirizana Ndi Kuledzera?

Ngakhale Steele et al. zanenedwa Zochepa Chikhumbo chogonana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chofananira ndi kuchitapo kanthu, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zonena zosakhulupirika zakuti "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" chimagwirizana ndi zolaula. Kupanda nzeru kwake kumawonekera bwino ngati munthu angaganizire zabodza potengera zosokoneza zina. (Kuti mumve zambiri onani ndemanga iyi ya Steele et al. - Kulakalaka kwambiri ', kapena' kungokhala 'chidakwa? Yankho kwa Steele et al., Wolemba Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD *.)

Mwachitsanzo, kodi lingaliro limeneli limatanthauza kuti kukhala ochepa kwambiri, osakhoza kulamulira kudya, komanso kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri ndi izi, ndi "chilakolako chofuna kudya?" Kuwonjezera apo, wina ayenera kuganiza kuti oledzera amakhala ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa mowa, kulondola? Mwachidule, onse oledzera amakhala ndi "chilakolako chachikulu" pa zinthu zawo zolimbitsa thupi (zomwe zimatchedwa "kulimbikitsidwa"), ngakhale pamene kusangalala kwawoko kumawonongeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo (maganizo).

Akatswiri ambiri oledzera amaganiza kuti "akupitirizabe kugwiritsira ntchito ngakhale zotsatira zovuta" kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu choledzera. Ndiponsotu, wina angakhale ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti erectile ayambe kugwira bwino ntchito ndipo sangathe kupita kunja kwa kompyuta yake pansi pa mayi ake. Komabe, malinga ndi ochita kafukufukuwa, malinga ngati akusonyeza "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana," alibe vuto. Paradigm iyi imanyalanyaza zonse zomwe zimadziwika za kuledzera, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe adagawidwa ndi oledzera onse, monga zotsatira zoipa zoipa, kusakhoza kulamulira ntchito, zikhumbo, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi phunziroli ndi gawo la kufulumira kwamaphunziro kutengera lingaliro lodziwika bwino loti mulingo uliwonse wa "kukhumba kwakukulu," ngakhale kukayikira, umapereka chitetezo chazovuta? Katswiri wazakugonana waku Canada adayesayesa kujambula chithunzi chomwechi mu pepala la 2010 lotchedwa, Kugonana kosavomerezeka ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana: zomangidwa bwino? Podziwa kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo cha chizolowezi chogonana amavomereza kugonana kosagwirizana ndi chikhumbo chachikulu, adatsiriza molimba mtima kuti:

"Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti kugonana kosalamulirika, monga momwe timaganizira pakadali pano, kulembedwa, ndikuyerekeza, kumatha kungokhala chizindikiritso chofuna kugonana kwambiri komanso kupsinjika komwe kumadza chifukwa chothana ndi malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi zosowa zambiri zakugonana."

Apanso, chizolowezi chogonana chimatulutsa zikhumbo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati "malingaliro azakugonana, malingaliro, ndi zosowa." Ndikungolakalaka chabe kunena kuti "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" chimathetsa kupezeka kwa chizolowezi. M'munsimu muli maphunziro omwe amatsutsa mwachindunji "zolaula ndizofunika kwambiri":

Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti: Kuchita zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri poona zolaula osati zogonana zenizeni zimapangitsa kusiyana (2013)

amagwira: "Komanso, zinawonetsedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti omwe ali ndi vuto lofotokoza zolaula amadzutsa chilakolako chofuna kugonana. M'maphunziro onse awiriwa, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe adachita zogonana zenizeni sizinagwirizane ndi vuto logonana pa intaneti. ”

Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Ogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Porn (2014).

Kufufuza kwa fMRI kunapeza kuti maola apamwamba pa sabata / zaka zambiri zolaula zikuwoneka zosiyana ndi zochitika zochepa za ubongo zikapezeka pa zithunzi zolaula za vanilla. Ofufuzawo anati:

"Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti kuwonetsa kwambiri zolaula kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisokonezeke pazomwe zimachitika pakugonana.. "

Kühn & Gallinat adanenanso kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mphotho zochepa za dera loyera komanso kusokonekera kwa madera omwe amakhala ndi ziwopsezo. Mu m'nkhaniyi wofufuza wina Simone Kühn, anati:

"Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthaŵi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu."

Kühn akuti mabuku omwe alipo, asayansi amasonyeza kuti ogulitsa zithunzi zolaula amafufuza zinthu zatsopano ndi maseŵera oopsa kwambiri.

"Izo zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira."

Mwachidule, amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula angafunikire kulimbikitsa kwambiri magulu omvera omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi ogula, ndipo zithunzi zojambula zolaula sizingatheke kulembetsa monga zosangalatsa zonse. Zosasangalatsa kwenikweni, zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zimachepetsa kuwerenga kwa EEG. Mapeto a nkhani.

Neural Correlates of Reactivity Cac Reactivity Mwa Anthu omwe ali ndi popanda popanda chilakolako chogonana (2014)

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala ndi ubongo wofanana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ofufuzawo ananenanso kuti maphunziro a 60% (azaka zapakati: 25) anali ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa zosokoneza / kudzutsa ndi anzawo enieni, komabe amatha kukwaniritsa zolaula. Izi zikuwonetseratu kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana kuposa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Nchifukwa chiyani palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mafunso ndi mayankho a EEG?

Chidziwitso chachikulu cha Steele et al., 2013 ndi kuti kusowa mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro a EEG (P300) ndi mafunso ena amafotokozera kuti zolaula sizipezeka. Zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zakusowa kwamgwirizano:

  1. Ofufuzawa anasankha nkhani zosiyana (amayi, amuna, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osagonana amuna okhaokha), koma anawawonetsa onse zithunzi zovomerezeka, zosakondweretsa, zachikazi. Mwachidule, zotsatira za phunziroli zimadalira kuti amuna, akazi, ndi amuna omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sali osiyana poyankhidwa ndi zithunzi zachiwerewere. Izi siziri choncho (pansipa).
  2. Mafunso awiri Steele et al. kudalira maphunziro onse a EEG kuti aone "zolaula" sizitsimikiziridwa kuti ziwonetse zolaula / kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Mu nyuzipepala, Pemphero linanena mobwerezabwereza za kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa ziwerengero za EEG ndi mamba a "hypersexuality", koma palibe chifukwa choyembekezera mgwirizano mu zolaula.

Kusiyanasiyana Kosavomerezeka Kwambiri: Ofufuzawa anasankha nkhani zosiyana (amayi, amuna, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osagonana amuna okhaokha), koma anawawonetsa zonse zolimbitsa thupi, zosakondweretsa, zachiwerewere. Izi ndizofunika, chifukwa zimaphwanya ndondomeko yoyendetsera maphunziro osokoneza bongo, omwe ochita kafukufuku amasankha zofanana maphunziro malinga ndi msinkhu, jenda, malingaliro, ngakhale ma IQ ofanana (more gulu logwirizana) kuti tipewe kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kotere.

Izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa maphunziro ngati awa, omwe amayeza kuti amaukakamiza zogonana, monga momwe kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti abambo ndi amai ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana. Cholakwika ichi chokha chimalongosola kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa zolemba za EEG ndi mafunso. Kafukufuku wammbuyo amatsimikizira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi poyankha zogonana. Onani, mwachitsanzo:

Kodi tingakhale otsimikiza kuti a osati kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi chidwi chomwecho kwa abambo achikazi monga amwamuna kapena akazi okhaokha? Ayi, ndipo kulowetsedwa kwake kungathe kusokoneza magawo a EEG omwe amapereka mgwirizano wogwirizana mosayembekezeka. Onani, mwachitsanzo, Zisokonezo za Neural zotsutsidwa chifukwa cha kugonana kwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: phunziro la fMRI.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, Prause mwiniwake adalowamo kuphunzira koyambirira (2012)  kuti anthu amasiyana mosiyana kwambiri poyankhidwa ndi zithunzi zachiwerewere:

"Mafilimu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusiyana komwe kulipo chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), zokonda zazomwe zili (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) kapena mbiri yazachipatala yomwe imapanga magawo ena achisangalalo ( Wouda et al., 1998). "

"Komabe, anthu amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsa kukopeka ndi kugonana kwa iwo (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

mu Phunzilo la kupemphera adafalitsa milungu ingapo izi zisanachitike iye anati:

"Kafukufuku wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi mu zitsanzo zawo."

Mwinamwake Pembedzero iyenera kuwerenga mawu ake kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake mawerengedwe ake a EEG omwe alipo tsopano ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu koyenera kuyembekezera ndi magulu osiyanasiyana okhudza kugonana.

Mafunso Osafunikira: SCS (Kugonjetsedwa Kwachiwerewere) sangathe kuonerera zolaula za pa Intaneti. Linapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo linapangidwa ndi kugonana kosadzitetezedwa kugona m'maganizo (pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi). The SCS imati:

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Kuphatikiza apo, wopanga SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichikuwonetsa psychopathology mwa akazi:

"Mayanjano omwe amapezeka pakati pazakugonana ndi zina zokhudzana ndi psychopathology zidawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abambo ndi amai; Kuchita zachiwerewere kumalumikizidwa ndi ma index a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi."

Kuwonjezera apo, SCS imaphatikizapo mafunso okhudzana ndi azimayi omwe amawagonjetsa pa Intaneti akutha msinkhu mosiyana ndi ogonana, podziwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali chilakolako chachikulu cha cyber erotica kuposa kugonana kwenikweni.

Monga SCS, funso lachiwiri lachiwerewere (CBSOB) alibe mafunso okhudza zolaula pa intaneti. Linapangidwa kuti liwonetsere nkhani za "hypersexual", komanso zikhalidwe zosagonana - osati kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti.

Funso lina lomwe ofufuza adachita ndi PCES (Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu), yomwe yatchedwa "zovuta maganizo, ”Ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti zitha kuwonetsa chilichonse chokhudza zolaula za pa intaneti or chizolowezi chogonana.

Chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa kuwerengera kwa EEG ndi mafunso awa sikungathandizire pazomaliza za kafukufukuyo kapena zonena za wolemba.

Palibe Kuwunika Kwambiri: Omwe adapemphera sanawunikiridwe. Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amawunika anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yomwe idalipo kale (kukhumudwa, OCD, zizolowezi zina, ndi zina zambiri). Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ofufuza omwe ali ndiudindo angazindikire za kusuta. Onani fayilo ya Kuphunzira kwa Cambridge mwachitsanzo pakuwunika moyenera & njira.

Ophunzira a Prause nawonso sanayang'aniridwepo zolaula. Njira zoyeserera zamaphunziro osokoneza bongo ndikuwunika mitu yoyeserera kuti tifananize omwe amayesa kuti ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo ndi omwe satero. Ofufuzawa sanachite izi, ngakhale an Kuyezetsa zolaula pa intaneti kulipo. M'malo mwake, ochita kafukufuku ankachita zokhuza kugonana pambuyo ophunzira adasankhidwa kale. Monga tafotokozera, SCS siilondola pa zolaula kapena kwa amayi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachiwerewere Chachi Generic Kwa Anthu Osiyanasiyana: Steele et al. ikuvomereza kuti zosankha zawo "zosakwanira" zitha kusintha zotsatira. Ngakhale zitakhala bwino, kusankha zolaula ndizovuta, chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (makamaka omwe ali osokoneza bongo) amakula nthawi zambiri kudzera pazokonda zingapo. Ambiri amavomereza kukhala ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi zolaula zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zolaula-du-jour-Kuphatikiza mitundu yomwe adapeza kuti idawakulitsa kale pantchito zawo zowonera zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, zolaula zambiri zamasiku ano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera m'mavidiyo otanthauzira kwambiri, ndipo zotumphukira zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano sizingapangitse yankho lomwelo.

Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zofananira kumatha kukhudza zotsatira. Ngati wokonda zolaula akuyembekeza kuwonera zolaula, mphotho yoyang'anira dera ikuwonjezeka. Komabe ngati zolaula zimakhala zithunzi zosasangalatsa za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtundu wake wapano kapena zotsalira m'malo mwa makanema otanthauzira otsogola, wogwiritsa ntchito sangayankhe pang'ono kapena sangayankhe, kapena ngakhale kusokonezeka. "Chomwe chinali kuti? "

Izi ndizofanana ndi kuyesa kuyambiranso kwa gulu la omwe amakonda kudya mwa kupatsa aliyense chakudya chimodzi: mbatata zophika. Ngati wophunzira sakonda mbatata zophika, sayenera kukhala ndi vuto lodya mopambanitsa, sichoncho?

Kuledzera koyenera "kuphunzira kwamaubongo" kuyenera: 1) kukhala ndimitu yofananira ndikuwongolera, 2) kuwunika zovuta zina zamaganizidwe ndi zina, ndi 3) kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ovomerezeka ndi kuyankhulana kuti mutsimikizire kuti anthuwo ndi osokoneza bongo. Steele et al. sanachite chilichonse cha izi, komabe anapeza mfundo zazikulu ndikuzifalitsa.

Palibe Gulu Lolamulira, Komabe Zofunikirako Zidayenera Mmodzi

Ofufuzawo sanafufuze gulu lolamulira la osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Izi sizinaimitse olembawo kuti anene pazofalitsa zomwe zimafunikira kuyerekezera kwamagulu. Mwachitsanzo:

UCLA akusindikizidwa:

"Ngati nawonso ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere, kapena chizolowezi chogonana, momwe ubongo wawo ungachitikire ndi ziwonetsero zakugonana zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zikhala zazikulu, mofananamo momwe ubongo wa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine awonetsedwa kuti amachitapo kanthu pazithunzi za mankhwalawa m'maphunziro ena. ”

Kuyankhulana kwa pa TV:

Reporter: "Anawonetsedwa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zolaula, ndipo ubongo wawo unayang'aniridwa."

Pembedzero: "Ngati mukuganiza kuti mavuto azakugonana ndi chizolowezi, titha kuyembekezera kuwona kuyankhidwa kwamphamvu, mwina, kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere. Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndi vuto lofuna kutengeka mtima, tikadakhala tikuyembekeza kuwona mayankho ochepera pazithunzi zogonana. Ndipo chifukwa choti sitinawone ubale uliwonse ukuwonetsa kuti palibe chithandizo chilichonse chothandizira kuthana ndi mavutowa ngati chizolowezi chogonana. ”

Zoonadi, Steele et al. adalemba kuwerengera kwa P300 kwazithunzi zolaula kuposa zandale. Izi mwachidziwikire ndi "kuyankhidwa kwamphamvu“. Kuyankhapo pansi pa Kuyankhulana kwa Psychology Today la Pemphero, pkatswiri wa sychology John A. Johnson adati:

"Maganizo anga akupitilizabe kunena za a Pembedzero kuti ubongo wa anthu ake sunayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga bongo la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalabadira mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa lipoti lokwanira P300 pazithunzi zachiwerewere. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa ma P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha. Kodi angapeze bwanji lingaliro lomwe lili losiyana ndi zotsatira zake zenizeni? Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kuchitika m'maganizo ake-zomwe amayembekeza kuti apeza. "

Mwachidule, zomwe Prause analengeza molimbika mu zokambirana zake zambiri zosiyidwa sizitsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira. Chidziwitso china kuchokera ku zoyankhulana chomwe chinafuna gulu lolamulira:

Mustanski: Kodi cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiyani?

Pemphero: Kuphunzira kwathu kunayesa ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto amenewa amawoneka ngati ena osokonezeka kuchokera ku ubongo wawo ku zithunzi za kugonana. Zofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine, zasonyeza njira yogwirizana ya ubongo ku mafano a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kotero tinaneneratu kuti tiyenera kuona chitsanzo chomwecho mwa anthu omwe amafotokoza zolimbana ndi kugonana ngati kwenikweni, kuledzera.

Pemphero la Prause kwa Mustanski likuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku wake adapangidwa kuti awone ngati kuyankha kwamaubongo pazithunzi zogonana kwa anthu omwe amafotokoza zovuta zogonana kunali kofanana ndi kuyankha kwaubongo kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akakumana ndi zithunzi za mankhwala omwe adawaledzera.

Kuwerenga kafukufuku wa cocaine amanena (Dunning, et al., 2011), komabe, zikusonyeza kuti mapangidwe a Steele et al. zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi phunziro la Dunning, ndipo Steele et al. sanayang'ane ngakhale mtundu wa mayankho a ubongo olembedwa mu phunziro la Dunning.

Phunziro la Dunning linagwiritsa ntchito magulu atatu: 27 osagwiritsa ntchito cocaine ogwiritsa ntchito, 28 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito cocaine, ndi 29 osagwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro. Steele et al. amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chokha cha anthu: omwe amafotokoza mavuto omwe amachititsa kuona kwawo zogonana. Ngakhale kuti maphunziro a Dunning anatha kufanizitsa zomwe zimachititsa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine akhale oyenera
Kuwongolera, kufufuza kwapemphero sikukufanizitsa zotsatira za chitsanzo chovutitsa ndi gulu lolamulira.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kafukufuku wa Dunning anayerekezera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zochitika zokhudzana ndi chochitika (ERPs) mu ubongo, chifukwa kafukufuku wakale anali atasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu m'malingaliro a maganizo omwe amasonyeza mu ERPs. Phunziro la Dunning lija linadziyeza mofulumira kumbuyo kwa kusayanjanitsika (EPN), kulingalira kusonyeza chidwi cham'mbuyomu, ndi luso labwino (LPP), kulingalira kuti likuwonetseratu kukonzanso kwa mfundo zofunikira. Phunziro la Dunning linapitiriza kusiyanitsa zoyambirirazo
chigawo cha LPP, kuganiziridwa kuti chiyimire chidwi choyambako, kuchokera ku chigawo china cha LPP, chomwe chikulingalira kuti chikuwonetseratu. Kusiyanitsa ma ERP osiyanawa ndikofunikira chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa anthu osadziletsa, ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi osagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe akudalira kuti ERP inali kuyesedwa.

Mosiyana, Steele et al. ankayang'ana pa ERP yotchedwa P300, yomwe Dunning ikufanizira kuwindo loyambirira la LPP. Mwa kuvomereza kwawo, Pemphero ndi anzake akumuuza kuti izi sizinali njira yabwino kwambiri:

“Kuthekera kwina ndikuti P300 si malo abwino kuzindikira maubwenzi omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana. LPP pambuyo pake imawoneka yolumikizidwa kwambiri yolimbikitsidwa."

The upshot ndikuti Steele et al. sanatero ndikufufuza whether ubongo umayankha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana "adawonetsa zomwezo”Monga mayankho omwe ali ndi vuto. Sanagwiritse ntchito zomwezi za ERP zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa cocaine ndipo sanagwiritse ntchito gulu lodziletsa komanso gulu lowongolera, chifukwa chake samayenera kufananiza zotsatira zawo ndi kafukufuku wa Dunning akuti kuyerekezerako kunali "maapulo ndi maapulo."

Zofooka za EEG Technology

Pomaliza, ukadaulo wa EEG sungayese zotsatira zomwe ofufuza akuti atha. Ngakhale ochita kafukufukuwo akuti, "Chitsanzo cha nthenda yokhudzana ndi kugonana mwachitsanzo mwa anthu omwe amagonana ndi amuna okhaokha amatha kusiyanitsa zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro [zowonongeka motsutsana ndi chikhumbo chachikulu cha kugonana],”Kwenikweni sizokayikitsa kuti ma EEG atha kuchita izi konse. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa EEG wakhalapo kwa zaka 100, mkangano ukupitilizabe pazomwe zimayambitsa mafunde aubongo, kapena kuwerengera kwenikweni kwa EEG kumatanthauzanji. Zotsatira zake, zotsatira zoyeserera zitha kutanthauziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwawona Chikumbumtima: Kuyang'ana kwa Seductive ya Mindless Neuroscience kuti mukambirane momwe ma EEG angagwiritsire ntchito molakwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mfundo zolakwika.

EEG imayeza ntchito zamagetsi kunja kwa chigaza, ndipo ochita kafukufuku amene amagwiritsa ntchito EEG amayang'ana zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri za zizolowezi zoledzera. Mwachitsanzo, izi zochitika zaposachedwapa za EEG pa zovuta za intaneti ikuwonetsa momwe asayansi omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo pa intaneti amachita izi. Dziwani kuti ofufuza amadzipatula pazinthu zochepa zaubongo, monga kungokakamira, ndikupewa kudzineneranso mopitilira muyeso wa SP Lab Lab. Onaninso gulu lolamulira ndikuwonetseratu kusuta, zomwe zonse sizipezeka mu kuyeserera kwa Lab Lab.

Mwinanso olembawo sakudziwa kuti ukadaulo walephera kusiyanitsa pakati pazidziwitso zomwe zikuphatikizana:

"P300 [muyeso wa EEG] amadziwika bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyambiranso kwa neural pakukhudzidwa, nthawi zina zogonana, zowonera. Chovuta pakulemba gawo lalikulu, lochedwa ERP ndichikhalidwe chazinthu zodziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa gawo loterolo. Mu lipoti laposachedwa, P300 itha kukhala, ndipo mwina, ndikuwonetsa njira zingapo zamaganizidwe zomwe zikuchitika. ”

Musaganize kuti, mwa kuvomereza kwawo, P300 ikhoza kukhala yosankha bwino pa maphunziro a ERP a mtundu umenewu. Musaganize kuti kuyendetsa zowerengetsera zowerengera ndi zosiyana zosiyana kwazindikiritsidwa kuti ndizovuta kwa zaka zoposa 50, kotero kuti njira zina tsopano zoperekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (onani http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/edwardsj/Edwards2001b.pdf). Osadandaula kuti sitikudziwa kuti matalikidwe a P300 pazithunzi zinazake zokhudzana ndi zithunzi zosaloledwa amatanthauzanji. P300 imakhudzanso chidwi chazomwe zimakhudza mtima, koma monga a Prause ndi anzawo amavomereza, sakanatha kudziwa ngati P300 poyankha zithunzi zachiwerewere idzakwezedwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana (chifukwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zogonana) kapena P300 ikanakhala yopanda pake (chifukwa ankakonda kujambulidwa).

Ngakhalenso sangathe kufotokoza pakati pa (P300 yapamwamba) yochitidwa ndi kukakamiza kugonana, kapena chidwi chochuluka chochokera kwa amphamvu zolakwika, monga kunyansidwa. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa EEG sungathe kulongosola pakati pa kuwerenga kwapamwamba kwa P300 komwe kumabwera chifukwa chodzutsa chilakolako chotsutsana ndi mantha / kudabwa. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa EEG sunganatiuze ngati mphotho zoyendetsa ubongo zidakhazikitsidwa kapena ayi.

Pali vuto lina lalikulu apa: Steele et al. Zikuwoneka kuti zikufuna kutenga / kapena kuyang'ana kuwonerera zithunzi zachiwerewere-kuti mayankho a EEG mwina chifukwa cha chilakolako chogonana kapena vuto linalake losokoneza bongo - ngati kuti chilakolako chitha kupatukana kotheratu ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo. Kodi pali aliyense amene angaganize kuti mayankho a EEG omwe ali ndi zidakwa kapena omwe amamwa mankhwala a cocaine atha kukhala chifukwa chofuna kwawo mankhwala osokoneza bongo or ku vuto lawo losokoneza bongo?

Zinthu zina zitha kukopa kuwerengera kwa EEG. Bwanji ngati chithunzi chikugwirizana ndi mtundu womwe mumakonda, koma zolaula zimakukumbutsani za munthu yemwe simumamukonda / mumamuopa / sasamala kuti awone wamaliseche. Ubongo wanu umakhala ndi mayanjano otsutsana pazotere. Mikangano iyi itha kukhala yovuta kwambiri pankhani yazithunzi kuposa momwe zimachitikira, titi, zowonera za cocaine za ufa ndi mphuno (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa omwe amamwa mankhwala a cocaine).

Mfundo ndi yakuti maubwenzi angapo ndi zovuta monga zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zikhoza kusokoneza kuwerenga kwa EEG.

Komanso, Steele et al. kuyerekezera kuti kuchuluka kwa EEG kumawonetsa kukwezedwa kwakukulu kwakugonana, koma magawo a EEG a maphunziro anali kwenikweni pamapu onse. Kodi ndichifukwa choti ena mwa iwo anali osokoneza bongo pomwe ena sanali? Kapena kuwonera zolaula zomwe zimawasiya. Zinthu zambiri zimatha kukhudza kuwerenga kwa P300. Taganizirani izi, kuchokera Phunziro lina la P300:

Ngakhale kuti P300 imatanthawuzabe ntchitoyi1, 2, matalikidwe ake amaloza kagawidwe kazinthu zogwiritsa ntchito poyeserera zokopa….Kuchepetsa P300 matalikidwe amadziwika mu matenda ambiri a maganizo, kuphatikizapo schizophrenia4, maganizo5, ndi uchidakwa6.

Mwachidule, lingaliro la wolemba kuti ubongo wa omwe ali osokoneza bongo udzawonetsa umboni wosokoneza kapena umboni wa "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" sichidziwika. Komabe cholembedwacho chimapangitsa owerenga kuganiza kuti zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zitiwonetsa kuti achiwerewerewa akuwonetsa (1) umboni wosokoneza bongo (2) mgwirizano wabwino ndi "chilakolako chofuna kugonana." Ndipo mutu wa kafukufukuyu kenako umalengeza molakwika "chilakolako chogonana" wopambana.

Zimayesedwa ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere

Vuto lina pamapangidwe a kafukufukuyu ndikuti SPAN Lab imasokoneza machitidwe okhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo ndi chizolowezi (machitidwe). Phunziroli, ofufuzawo akuti kuwonera zolaula ndichizindikiro, osati mosiyana ndi chidakwa chomwe chimayang'ana chithunzi cha botolo la vodka, ndikuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndichizolowezi choledzeretsa. Izi sizolondola.

Kuonera zolaula, ndi zomwe ofufuza adafunsa nkhani izi, ndi ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera cha intaneti. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amawonera ngakhale kuseweretsa maliseche sikungakhale kotheka (mwachitsanzo, mukakwera basi, pamakompyuta a library, kuntchito, muzipinda zodikirira, etc.). Kuwona zolaula kuti zongokakamiza is khalidwe lawo losalamulirika.

Mosiyana ndi izi, zowona zenizeni za anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zitha kukhala monga kuwona zikwangwani zamalo omwe amakonda kwambiri zolaula, kumva mawu kapena kuwona chithunzi chomwe chimawakumbutsa za zolaula zawo zomwe amakonda kapena nyenyezi zolaula, mwayi wapaintaneti wambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Kunena zowona, kuwona chithunzi chomwe chimatanthauzira feteleza kumatha kukhala ngati chinsinsi kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto lokonda zolaula, koma apa ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, osati zolaula zogwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda.

Malingaliro akuti kafukufukuyu "ali ngati" maphunziro a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi amodzi mwamaganizidwe osakhazikika Steele et al. zimapangitsa Kumbukirani kuti chithunzi cha tebulo la blackjack sichitchova juga; chithunzi cha mbale ya ayisikilimu sichikudya. Kuwona zolaula, mosiyana, is ntchito yovuta. Palibe amene ali ndi lingaliro lomwe mawerengedwe a EEG ayenera onetsani zolaula zomwe zikuchitika mu ntchito yawo yoledzera.

Pokambirana zotsatira zawo chifukwa chofufuza zenizeni zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo, ofufuzawo akutanthauza kuti akuyerekeza "maapulo ndi maapulo." Iwo sali. Choyamba, maphunziro ena osokoneza bongo Steele et al. amatchulapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizolowezi zolaula sizivuta kuyesa mu labu pazifukwa zomwe zafotokozedwa kale. Chachiwiri, mamangidwe a Steele et al. Ndizosiyana kotheratu ndi maphunziro omwe amatchulidwa (palibe magulu owongolera, ndi zina zambiri).

Kafukufuku wamtsogolo pazoyeserera-kuchitanso zolaula kapena makanema olaula ayenera kukhala osamala potanthauzira zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo kuchepa kwa mayankho muubongo kumatha kuwonetsa kukhumudwa kapena chizolowezi, m'malo mongokhala "osamwa".

Kutsiliza

Choyamba, munthu akhoza kupanga mtsutsano wamphamvu kuti phunziro ili silinayambe lafalitsidwa. Mitu yake yosiyanasiyana, mafunso omwe sangakwanitse kuyesa kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti, kusowa kuyang'ana kusemphana, komanso kusowa kwa gulu lotsogolera kunayambitsa zotsatira zosadalirika.

Chachiwiri, kulumikizana kwayekha - chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana ndi zibwenzi zogwirizana ndi P300 - akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa chidwi chachikulu (zolakalaka zolaula), koma kufunitsitsa kugona ndi munthu weniweni. Mwachidule: Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ankalakalaka zolaula, koma chilakolako chawo chogonana kwenikweni chinali chochepa kusiyana ndi omwe ankawona zochepa. Osati kwenikweni zomwe mitu yankhaniyo idanena kapena olembawo atolankhani (kuti zolaula zambiri zimayenderana ndi chikhumbo chachikulu "chilakolako chogonana").

Chachitatu, kupeza "zakuthupi" kwa apamwamba P300 akamaonera zolaula imasonyeza kuwalimbikitsa (kuyimitsa zolaula), zomwe zimakhala zoledzeretsa.

Pomaliza, tili ndi olemba akunenetsa atolankhani omwe ali zaka zopepuka kutali ndi zidziwitso. Kuchokera pamitu yankhani, zikuwoneka kuti atolankhani adagula sapota. Izi zikuloza mkhalidwe wofooka wa utolankhani wasayansi. Olemba mabulogu asayansi komanso malo ogulitsira nkhani amangobwereza zomwe adadyetsedwa. Palibe amene atolankhani adawerenga phunziroli, adafufuza zowona, kapena adafunsa lingaliro lachiwiri kuchokera kwa asayansi omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Ngati mukufuna kulimbikitsa pulogalamu inayake, zonse muyenera kuchita ndikupanga njira yanzeru yofalitsa. Zilibe kanthu zomwe kafukufuku wanu adazipeza, kapena kuti njira zanu zolakwika zimangopanga saladi yosokonekera.

Onaninso zotsatizana za phunziro lomwelo:

Mofananamo Steele et al, kafukufuku wachiwiri wa SPAN Lab kuchokera ku 2013 adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazowongolera ndi "zolaula" - "Palibe Umboni Wokhumudwa Kusokonezeka Kwambiri pa "Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Magulu Ogonana Maganizo" Kufotokozera Maganizo Awo ku Mafilimu Ogonana (2013). ” Monga tafotokozera ndemanga iyi, mutuwo umabisa zomwe zapezeka. M'malo mwake, "zolaula" anali nazo Zochepa Maganizo akamagwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe. Izi sizodabwitsa monga ambiri Anthu okonda zolaula amafotokoza mmene akumvera ndi zotengeka. Olembawo adalungamitsa mutuwo ponena kuti akuyembekeza "kuyankha kwakukulu", komabe sanatchulepo za "chiyembekezo" chodabwitsachi. Mutu wolondola ukadakhala kuti: "Ophunzira omwe amavutika kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zawo samasonyeza zochepa zowonongeka pa mafilimu ogonana“. Iwo anali atasokonezeka

Onani Kafukufuku Wokayikitsa & Osokeretsa kwa mapepala otchuka kwambiri omwe sali omwe amadziyesa kuti ali.