MAFUNSO: Sikuti kokha phunziroli likugwirizanitsa zolaula kugwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi, komanso kunanena kuti nthawi zambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunakhudzana ndi kusankha (kapena kusowa) zolaula kuti zikwaniritse zogonana. Zowonjezera zokhutira kugonana:
Kutsogoleredwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kugonana, kulingalira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kufotokoza kafukufuku wapamtima pa zolaula, kugwirizanitsa anthu, ndi kukhutira pa kugonana, kufufuza komweku komweku akufufuza za anthu okhwima okhaokha anayesa njira yowonetsera zolaula zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kugonana kwabwino poganiza kuti zolaula chitukuko chachikulu cha chidziwitso cha kugonana, kukonda zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana, komanso kugonana kwa kugonana.
Zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsa ndi kuona zithunzi zolaula kukhala gwero lalikulu la chidziwitso cha kugonana, chomwe chinali chokhudzana ndi zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana chogonana komanso kuwonetseratu kugonana. Kusankha zolaula kuti zikhale zosangalatsa za kugonana komanso kuyankhulana ndi kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa pang'ono ndi kugonana.
Mogwirizana ndi malipoti ochokera kwa akatswiri azamisala azachipatala omwe alangiza anthu omwe amadalira zolaula pazakugonana (Brooks, 1995; Levant & Brooks, 1997; Schneider & Weiss, 2001; Stock, 1997), tazindikira kuti mwayi womwe anali nawo unali woti amuna anali ndipo amayi amadalira zolaula kuti azisangalala ndi kugonana m'malo mochita nawo zibwenzi, m'munsi mwake anali gawo lawo lokhutira ndi kugonana.
Zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi kukonda (mwina kufunikira) zolaula kuti zikwaniritse zokhudzana ndi kugonana:
Pomaliza, tinapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kunkagwirizananso mwachindunji ndi wachibale wokonda zolaula m'malo mokondwerera kugonana. Ophunzira pa phunziroli akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula kuti achite maliseche. Motero, kupeza izi kungakhale chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa mimba (Cline, 1994; Malamuth, 1981; Wright, 2011). Kaŵirikaŵiri zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chotsitsimutsa chiwerewere, makamaka munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha zolaula mosiyana ndi zowonjezera zokhuza kugonana.
Kuchokera pa gawo la zokambirana:
Mu kafukufuku wa mafunde atatu a Peter ndi Valkenburg (2009), kusakhutira ndi kugonana pamafunde oyamba sikunaneneratu zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pambuyo poyang'anira zolaula pa funde loyamba, koma kusakhutira pogonana pamafunde awiri kunaneneratu za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pamafunde atatu. Zotsatirazi zinali zogwirizana ndi mtundu "wotsika", momwe kugwiritsa ntchito media kumasintha malingaliro amakasitomala ndi zosankha zawo m'njira zoyipa, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wawo wogwiritsa ntchito makanemawa (Slater, Henry, Swaim, & Anderson, 2003). Mwachitsanzo, zikuwoneka kuti mayanjano pakati pa zolaula amafala, amakonda kugonana ndi chilakolako chogonana, komanso kusakhutira ndi kugonana kumagwirizana. Monga tafotokozera poyamba, kugwiritsira ntchito mchitidwe wogonana kungachititse ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti azikonda kugonana kuti azigonana, ndipo pamapeto pake amachititsa kugonana pakati pawo ndi anzawo komanso kuchepetsa kugonana. Akakhala osakhutira ndi kugonana ndi zibwenzi, amatha kuona kuti zithunzi zolaula komanso maliseche okha ndizobwino kuti azigonana ndi anzawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuona zolaula.
Paul J. Wright, Chyng Dzuwa, Nicola J. Steffen & Robert S. Tokunaga
Masamba 1-18 | Analandira 08 Nov 2016, Yolandiridwa 18 Apr 2017, Yoperekedwa pa Intaneti: 09 May 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1323076
ZOKHUDZA
Akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi azachipatala akupitirizabe kufufuza zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Chofunika kwambiri cha thanzi labwino chomwe akatswiri ena amanena kuti chikuwoneka ndi zolaula ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana. Kutsogoleredwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kugonana, kulingalira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kufotokoza kafukufuku wapamtima pa zolaula, kugwirizanitsa anthu, ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana, kufufuza komweku komweku akufufuza anthu achikulire omwe anagonana akuyesa njira yowonetsera zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuti achepetse kukondweretsa kugonana poganiza kuti zolaula chiyambi chachikulu cha chidziwitso cha kugonana, kukonda zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana, komanso kugonana kwa kugonana. Chitsanzocho chinathandizidwa ndi deta kwa amuna ndi akazi. Zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuona zithunzi zolaula kukhala gwero lalikulu la chidziwitso cha kugonana, chomwe chimakhudzana ndi zokonda zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana chogonana komanso kuwonongeka kwa kugonana. Kusankha zolaula kukondana ndi kugonana pakati pa kugonana ndi kuyankhulana ndi kugonana kumagwirizanitsa ndi kugonana kosakwanira.
MAFUNSO: Zithunzi zolaula, kukhuta, zolemba zogonana, chilakolako cha kugonana, Kugonana
;
