MAFUNSO: Kafukufuku wamawu awa amawonjezeredwa mndandanda wathu wamaphunziro a mitsempha pa omwe amaletsa kugonana komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wa fMRI poyerekeza omwe adawonetsedwa mosamala omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana ("zovuta zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere") pamitu yoyendetsa bwino. Omwe ali ndi vuto logonana adachepetsa imvi m'matumba anthawi yayitali - zigawo zomwe olemba amati zimakhudzana ndikuletsa zikhumbo zakugonana:
Zotsatira za VBM, kuchepa kwa gyrus volume kunapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB poyerekeza ndi kulamulira bwino. Makamaka, imvi nkhani yolembedwa kumanzere STG inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi kuuma kwa PHB. Kuchotsedwa kwa zovala zapakati pa nyengo zakonzedwa kuti zitsogolere kusankhana mwachisawawa (Baird et al., 2002). Maphunziro okhudza zojambula zojambula pazokhudzana ndi kugonana nawonso awonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa madera osokonezeka a zachilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokakamiza kugonana (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti madera akumidzi akukhudzana ndi chiwonongeko cha chitukuko cha chiwerewere komanso kuti kulepheretsa chiwonongeko chimenechi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zochitika zamtunduwu kungayambitse kugonana kwambiri (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Tinawona kuti kuchepa kwa mutu wa grey m'kati mwa gyrus kungathandize kuti munthu akhale ndi PHB yowonjezereka
Kafukufuku adanenanso kulumikizana kosavomerezeka pakati pa gyrus wakanthawi yakumanzere (STG) ndi caudate yoyenera. Kuhn & Gallnat, 2014 adanenanso zotere:Kugwirizanitsa ntchito kwadongosolo labwino kumalo otsekedwa kumbali ya kumanzere kunagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi maola ambiri owonetsa zolaula“. Kafukufukuyu akupeza:
Poyerekeza ndi nkhani zathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adachepetsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito pakati pa STG ndi phokosoli. Mgwirizano wolakwika unayambanso pakati pa kukula kwa PHB ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito pakati pa malowa. Mwachibadwa, STG imagwirizana kwambiri ndi phokoso lalikulu (Yeterian ndi Pandya, 1998). Phokoso lachidziwitso ndilo gawo lalikulu lachidziwitso, ndipo ndizofunika kuti tiphunzire zofuna zapadera, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zosangalatsa ndi zolimbikitsa, komanso zokhudzana ndi kusamalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Kugonjetsa kugonana kunasonyezeranso kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa kogwirizanitsa ntchito. Papepalali limafotokoza kuti:
Kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti mbali ya kumanzere ikuphatikizidwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa chidziwitso kuchokera ku zosiyana siyana, ndipo imakhala ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yokhudza kusuntha ndi kusamalitsa (Cavanna ndi Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Kuonjezera apo, maphunziro oledzera adanena kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa amakhala ndi vuto ndi kusuntha, komanso kuti khalidweli limagwirizana ndi kusintha kwachangu (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Chifukwa cha udindo wathu, zotsatira zathu zimapereka umboni wa zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu PHB, momwe zingagwirizane ndi zovuta zogwira ntchito posintha
Olembawo akufotokozera tanthauzo la maulendo awiri ogwirizanitsa ntchito:
Mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa phokoso labwino ndi STG yomwe imapezeka mu phunziro lino ili ndi zotsatira za kuchepa kwa ntchito monga mphotho yopereka ndi kuyembekezera mu PHB (Seok ndi Sohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Zofukufukuzi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gyrus ya nyengo ndi kusinthasintha kwapakati pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonetsero cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ntchito ndi gyrus ka nthawi zina kungakhale PHBspecific ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatila zizindikiro za PHB.
Mwachidule, maphunziro angapo akale okhudzana ndi kugonana / zolaula amapeza kulumikizana kosauka pakati pa kotekisi ndi mphotho. Popeza ntchito imodzi ya kotekisi ndi kuyika mabuleki azomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mphotho zathu zakuya - izi zitha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kuwongolera "pamwamba". Kuperewera kotereku ndi komwe kumadziwika ndi mitundu yonse ya zosokoneza bongo. Chidule cha phunziro:
Mwachidule, VBM yamakono ndi phunziro loyanjanitsa ntchito likuwonetsa zofooka zazikulu ndikusintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito mu grey ya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Chofunika kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa PHB. Zotsatirazi zimapereka ndondomeko yatsopano mu njira zowonongeka za mpweya wa PHB.
Phunzirolo linanenanso kuwonjezeka kwa nkhani zakuda zogonana:
Kukula kwakukulu kofunika mu toni yoyenera bwino ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matayala a mbali ya kumanzere ndi STG yakumanzere anawonanso. Chochititsa chidwi, kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zigawo izi sikunasungidwe pambuyo polamulira pofuna zotsatira za kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB.
Olembawo anadabwa ngati zingati zogonana zimasintha kugwirizana pakati pa cortex ndi cerebellum:
Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti kulumikizaku kumayenderana kwambiri ndi zochitika zogonana m'malo mochita zachiwerewere kapena chiwerewere ....
Resin ya ubongo. 2018 Feb 5. pii: S0006-8993 (18) 30055-6. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035.
Kudalirika
Maphunziro a neuroimaging onena za matenda a hypersexual akhala akuwonjezeka, komabe kusintha kwa ziwalo za ubongo ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lauchiwerewere (PHB) wangophunzira kumene. Phunziroli linapangitsa kufufuza zofooka zapachirepa ndi kupumula-zolakwika za anthu omwe ali ndi PHB pogwiritsa ntchito voxel-based morphometry ndi kugwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka boma. Anthu sevente omwe ali ndi mphamvu za PHB ndi 19 omwe ali ndi zaka zowonjezera adagwira nawo phunziroli. Grey nkhani yaikulu ya ubongo ndi kupumula-boma kugwirizanitsa anayesedwa pogwiritsa 3T maginito resonance imaging. Poyerekeza ndi nkhani zathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB anali ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mutu wa imvi pamtundu wamanzere wamtundu wa grey (STG) ndi gyrus yomwe ili pakatikati. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetseranso kuchepa kwa mgwirizano wogwira ntchito pakati pa STG yotsalira ndi kumanzere komweko komanso pakati pa STG ya kumanzere ndi kuwona koyenera. Mutu wautali wa STG yakumanzere ndi mpumulo wake wogwirizanitsa ntchito ndi chidziwitso choyenera choonetsera ziwonetsero zazikulu zosiyana ndi kukula kwa PHB. Zofukufukuzo zikusonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe kake ndi kupumula kwa boma kumtundu wa STG kumalumikizidwa ndi PHB ndi kupereka zatsopano m'magwiridwe atsitsi a PHB.
ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Nucleus yofunika; Kugwirizanitsa ntchito; Kusokoneza maganizo kwa hypersexual; Grey wamkulu wam'nyengo; Voxel-based morphometry
PMID: 29421186
DOI: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035
ZOKAMBIRANA GAWO
Zotsatira za VBM, kuchepa kwa gyrus volume kunapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB poyerekeza ndi kulamulira bwino. Makamaka, imvi nkhani yolembedwa kumanzere STG inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi kuuma kwa PHB. Kuchotsedwa kwa zovala zapakati pa nyengo zakonzedwa kuti zitsogolere kusankhana mwachisawawa (Baird et al., 2002). Maphunziro okhudza zojambula zojambula pazokhudzana ndi kugonana nawonso awonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa madera osokonezeka a zachilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokakamiza kugonana (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti madera akumidzi akukhudzana ndi chiwonongeko cha chitukuko cha chiwerewere komanso kuti kulepheretsa chiwonongeko chimenechi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zochitika zamtunduwu kungayambitse kugonana kwambiri (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Tinawona kuti kuchepa kwa mutu wa grey m'kati mwa gyrus kungathandize kuti munthu akhale ndi PHB, ndipo zotsatirazi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti STG yotsalira ndi mbali ya dera loyenera lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi PHB. Kuti mudziwe zotsatira za kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu ya STG yotsalira pa dera loyendetsa ntchitoyi, kupuma kwa boma kumagwirizanitsa ntchito.
Zotsatira zathu zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adachepetsako kuseri kwa STG ndi kumbuyo kwa STG kulumikizana kumeneku. Madera amenewa, pamodzi ndi malo owonetsera a occipital, amakhala ndi cortex ya temporo-parieto-occipital (Leichnetz, 2001; Cavanna ndi Trimble, 2006). Kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti mbali ya kumanzere ikuphatikizidwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa chidziwitso kuchokera ku zosiyana siyana, ndipo imakhala ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yokhudza kusuntha ndi kusamalitsa (Cavanna ndi Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Kuonjezera apo, maphunziro oledzera adanena kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa amakhala ndi vuto ndi kusuntha, komanso kuti khalidweli limagwirizana ndi kusintha kwachangu (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Chifukwa cha udindo wathu, zotsatira zathu zimapereka umboni wa zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu PHB, momwe zingagwirizane ndi zovuta zogwira ntchito posintha
Poyerekeza ndi nkhani zathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adachepetsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito pakati pa STG ndi phokosoli. Mgwirizano wolakwika unayambanso pakati pa kukula kwa PHB ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito pakati pa malowa. Mwachibadwa, STG imagwirizana kwambiri ndi phokoso lalikulu (Yeterian ndi Pandya, 1998). Phokoso lachidziwitso ndilo gawo lalikulu lachidziwitso, ndipo ndizofunika kuti muphunzire mwakhama kuti mukhale ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, mwakukhudzana kwambiri ndi zosangalatsa ndi zolimbikitsa, komanso zokhudzana ndi kusamalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo
makhalidwe (Ma et al., 2012; Vanderschuren ndi Everitt, 2005). Zochita za Neuronal mu statum mu nyani zasonyezedwa kuti zimayankhidwa pa kupereka zopereka ndi kuyembekezera (Apicella et al., 1991, 1992). Nthenda za m'mimba zimakhudza zolinga zomwe zisanachitike komanso panthawi yopanga zochitikazo mwa kulembetsa mphamvu zolimbikitsa, kupatsa malipiro, komanso kupatsa malipiro (Hassani et al., 2001). Kafukufuku wa Neuroimaging wa anthu osokoneza khalidwe adanena kuti kusintha kosasintha kwapadera, monga kuchepa kwa machitidwe ogwirizana ndi zomangamanga komanso kuchepetsa ntchito yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi (BOLD) (Hong et al., 2013a, b; Jacobsen et al., 2001; Lin et al., 2012; Seok ndi Sohn, 2015). Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amanena kuti kusintha kwa striatum kungasonyeze kusintha kwa mapulasitiki a neural chifukwa cha kukondweretsa kwakukulu kwa mphoto (Kühn ndi Gallinat, 2014). Mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa phokoso labwino ndi STG yomwe imapezeka mu phunziro lino ili ndi zotsatira za kuchepa kwa ntchito monga mphotho yopereka ndi kuyembekezera mu PHB (Seok ndi Sohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Zofukufukuzi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gyrus ya nyengo ndi kusinthasintha kwapakati pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonetsero cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Motero, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ntchito ndi gyrus ya nthawi zina kungakhale PHBspecific ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatila zizindikiro za PHB.
Kukula kwakukulu kofunika mu toni yoyenera bwino ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matayala a mbali ya kumanzere ndi STG yakumanzere anawonanso. Chochititsa chidwi, kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zigawo izi sikunasungidwe pambuyo polamulira pofuna zotsatira za kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti kugwirizana kumeneku kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana m'malo mogonana kapena kugonana. Matendawa amathandiza kwambiri kuvutika maganizo kwambiri, makamaka pothandizana ndi corticostriatal neuronal (Middleton ndi Strick, 2000; Brooks et al., 2016). Kafukufuku wakale pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amasonyeza mabala akuluakulu a cerebellar poyerekeza ndi kulamulira bwino (Peng et al., 2012; Rotge et al., 2010). Anthu ena omwe ali ndi PHB amapereka mankhwala omwe amawoneka ngati opanikizika kwambiri, monga chilakolako chogonana ndi makakamizo kuti achite zogonana (Fong, 2006). Choncho, nkotheka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa imvi nkhani ndi mphamvu zogwirizanitsa ntchito mu cerebellum zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lodzikakamiza mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB.
Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zowonongeka pakati pa gyrus ndi nthawi yothandizira pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonongeko cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka gyrus kungakhale mbali zina za PHB ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatiridwa ndi matenda a PHB.
Pakhala pali zochepa zofufuza pa ubongo zomwe zimasintha pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB pogwiritsa ntchito VBM ndi rs-fMRI. Malipoti am'mbuyo apeza kuti kugonana kowonjezereka kungasinthe ubongo ndikugwira ntchito, ndipo zotsatirazi zakhala zikutsutsana ndi chiphunzitso cha matenda opatsirana pogonana (Schmidt et al., 2017). Komabe, phunzirolo silinasokoneze chikhalidwe cha khalidwe pa ubale pakati pa PHB ndi kusintha kwa ubongo. Choncho, tinayimiranso zomwe taphunzira kale kuti tipeze kusintha kwa ubongo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB (Schmidt et al., 2017), ndipo adafufuza mozama kuti athetse zogonana kuti afotokoze zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kugonana kwabwino.
Mwachidule, VBM yamakono ndi phunziro loyanjanitsa ntchito likuwonetsa zofooka zazikulu ndikusintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito mu grey ya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Chofunika kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa PHB. Zotsatirazi zimapereka ndondomeko yatsopano mu njira zowonongeka za mpweya wa PHB.
PHB idatanthauzidwa ndi madokotala awiri oyenerera omwe akugwira ntchito pa chipatala pogwiritsa ntchito PHB njira zozindikiritsira zomwe zaikidwa m'maphunziro apitalo (Carnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010) (Table S1). Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, zakale, maphunziro, ndi machitidwe ofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi omwe sanagwirizane ndi zizindikiro za PHB zinalembedwera mu phunziroli. Tagwiritsira ntchito njira zotsatirazi zoletsera PHB ndikuwongolera gulu: zaka za 35 kapena 18; zoledzeretsa zina monga kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kutchova njuga, zam'mbuyomu kapena zamakono, zamaganizo, zamankhwala, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala tsopano, mbiri ya kuvulaza mutu, komanso kulephera kwa MRI kutsutsana (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi chitsulo m'thupi, astigmatism, kapena claustrophobia).
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