Maphunziro a Ubongo pa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula & Kugonana

Tsambali lili ndi mindandanda iwiri (1) ndemanga zokhudzana ndi maubongo ndi kuwunika kwa mabuku, ndipo, (2) maphunziro a mitsempha yowunika momwe ubongo amagwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso zolaula / zolaula (Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana).

Mpaka pano, onse kupatula awiri mwa maphunziro a 62 a ubongo omwe adasindikizidwa amapereka chithandizo chachizoloŵezi choledzeretsa (palibe maphunziro omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamawononge zolaula). Zotsatira za izi ~60 maphunziro a ubongo (ndi maphunziro akubwera) ndizogwirizana ndi mazana azolowera pa intaneti “Ubongo maphunziro ”, zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Zonsezi zimatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungayambitse ubongo wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere, monga momwe amachitira kafukufuku wopitilira 60 wonena za kukwera / kulekerera (malo okhalitsa) ndi Zizindikiro zosiya.

Tsamba limayamba ndi 34 yotsatira posachedwa zotengera neuroscience ndemanga & ndemanga za zolembedwazo (zolembedwa ndi tsiku lofalitsa):

Ndemanga za Literature & Commentaries:

1) Sayansi ya Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso (Love et al., 2015). Kufufuza kwathunthu zolemba zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo zokhudzana ndi machitidwe ozunguza bongo pa intaneti, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Kuwongosoledwanso kumatsutsanso awiri Kusanthula mutu wa EEG ndi magulu otsogoleredwa ndi Chithunzi cha Nicole (ndani kunena zabodza zomwe zapezazo zimayambitsa kukayikira pazokonda zamaliseche). Zolemba:

Ambiri amadziwa kuti zizolowezi zingapo zomwe zingakhudze mphotho yoyendayenda mu ubongo waumunthu zimayambitsa kutaya mphamvu ndi zizindikiritso zina za chizoloŵezi mwa anthu ena. Ponena za kuledzera kwa intaneti, kafukufuku wamaganizo amatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti machitidwe a neural ali ofanana ndi kusokoneza bongo ... Pakati pa ndemanga iyi, timapereka mwachidule mfundo zomwe zimapangidwira kusokoneza bongo ndikupereka mwachidule za kafukufuku wa sayansi pa intaneti ndi vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti. Komanso, tinayang'ana zofalitsa zopezeka m'magazi pa zolaula zolaula pa intaneti ndikugwirizanitsa zotsatirapo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuwongolera kumatsimikizira kuti kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti zikugwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa ndipo zimagawana njira zofanana ndizo zowonongeka.

2) Kugonana ndi Matenda monga Matenda: Umboni Wowunika, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuyankha kwa Otsutsa (Phillips ndi al., 2015), yomwe imapereka tchati yomwe imakhala ndi zovuta zowononga zolaula / kugonana, kupereka zotsutsana nazo. Zowonjezera:

Monga tawonera m'nkhaniyi, zotsutsa zofala za kugonana monga chizoloŵezi chovomerezeka sizigwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kayendetsedwe ka magulu a zachipatala ndi asayansi pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Pali umboni wokwanira wasayansi ndi chithandizo cha kugonana komanso6 monga machitidwe ena oti avomerezedwe ngati chizolowezi. Thandizoli likuchokera m'machitidwe angapo ndipo limapereka chiyembekezo chodabwitsa cholandiriradi kusintha pamene tikumvetsetsa bwino vutoli. Zaka makumi angapo za kafukufuku ndi zomwe zikuchitika pazamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi neuroscience zimawulula momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Asayansi azindikira njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa komanso kusiyana pakati paubongo wa anthu omwe ali oledzera komanso omwe sali oledzeretsa, kuwulula zinthu zomwe zimakonda kusokoneza bongo, mosasamala kanthu za chinthu kapena khalidwe. Komabe, padakali kusiyana pakati pa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa anthu wamba, mfundo za anthu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo.

3) Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (Mtundu & Laier, 2015). Zowonjezera:

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula. Anthu ena amalephera kuthetsa machitidwe awo pa Intaneti komanso amawauza kuti sangagwiritse ntchito njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti ngakhale atakumana ndi mavuto. M'nkhani zam'mbuyo zatsopano, kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti pa Intaneti kumatengedwa ngati mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wina wamakono akufufuzira kufanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a cybersex ndi zizoloŵezi zina za makhalidwe, monga Internet Gaming Disorder. Kukonzekera-kukwaniritsa ndi kukhumba kumaonedwa kuti kumachita mbali yaikulu pa kugonana kwa kugonana ndi kugonana. Komanso, njira zogwirira ntchito za chitukuko ndi kukonzanso kuyanjana kwa cybersex makamaka zimakhudza kukhumudwa pakupanga chisankho ndi ntchito zogwira ntchito. Maphunziro a Neuroimaging amachirikiza kuganiza kwa zochitika zogwirizana pakati pa kugonana kwa ma cybersex ndi zina zoledzera komanso kukhala wodalirika.

4) Nthenda ya Neurobiology ya Kugonana Kwachinyengo: Sayansi Yowonjezera (Kraus et al., 2016). Zowonjezera:

Ngakhale kuti sali m'gulu la DSM-5, khalidwe lochita chiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) lingapezedwe ku ICD-10 ngati vuto lodziletsa. Komabe, mkangano ulipo ponena za mtundu wa CSB. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunika kuti amvetsetse momwe zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizanirana ndi zofunikira zogonana monga zotsatira za mankhwala a CSB. Kuika chiwerengero cha CSB monga 'chizolowezi chochita chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe' kungakhale ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa zoyendetsera ndondomeko, zopewera ndi zachipatala ... .. Kupatsidwa zofanana pakati pa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zowonongeka zingakhale ndi lonjezano la CSB, motero zimapereka chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wopita kukafufuza mwayi uwu mwachindunji.

5) Kodi khalidwe lachiwerewere liyenera kuonedwa kuti ndiledwe? (Kraus et al., 2016). Zolemba:

Pokhala kumasulidwa kwa DSM-5, vuto lakutchova njuga linakhazikitsidwa ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo. Kusintha kumeneku kunatsutsa zikhulupiliro kuti kuledzera kumachitika mwa kungowonjezera zinthu zomwe zimasintha maganizo ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri njira za ndondomeko, zothandizira ndi zothandizira. Deta imasonyeza kuti kuchita zinthu mopitirira muzochita zina (mwachitsanzo, kusewera, kugonana, kukakamiza kugula) kungagwiritse ntchito zachipatala, zam'thupi, za neurobiological ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zikufanana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Gawo lina lomwe likusowa kufufuza zambiri limaphatikizapo kulingalira momwe kusintha kwazamakono kungakhudzire makhalidwe a kugonana kwaumunthu. Popeza kuti deta imasonyeza kuti khalidwe la kugonana limathandizidwa kudzera pa intaneti ndi ma foni yamakono, kufufuza kwina kuyenera kulingalira momwe matekinoloje a digito amagwirizanirana ndi CSB (mwachitsanzo, kupanikiza maliseche kumalo oonera zolaula pa Intaneti kapena kugonana) komanso kuchita nawo zolaula zowononga (mwachitsanzo, kugonana kosakwatirana, ogonana ndi amuna ambiri pa nthawi ina).

Zikuphatikizana zilipo pakati pa CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a neurotransmitter athe kuthandizira CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono omwe akuchitika posachedwapa akusonyeza kufanana komwe kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako ndi kukonda. Mankhwala ofanana ndi mankhwala ndi psychotherapeutic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

6) Mfundo Zogwirizana ndi Zogonana Zaumuna (Neurobiological)Kuhn & Gallinat, 2016). Zowonjezera:

Zizolowezi za makhalidwe komanso makamaka kugonana kwabwino ziyenera kutikumbutsa kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limadalira moyo wathu wachilengedwe. Kugonana ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri populumuka zamoyo chifukwa ndi njira yoberekera. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kugonana kumaonedwa kuti kosangalatsa komanso kulipindulitsa, ndipo ngakhale kuti zingakhale zosokoneza panthawi yomwe kugonana kungayambidwe mwa njira yoopsa komanso yopanda phindu, nthendayi yokhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ingakhale yofunikira kwambiri Cholinga chachikulu chofuna anthu .... Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zikuoneka kuti umboniwu umatanthauza kuti kusintha kwapadera, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, ndi ubongo zomwe zimapanga mphoto zimathandiza kwambiri pa chiwerewere. Kafukufuku wa mafupa ndi njira za njira zachipatala zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa zimasonyeza kuti dopaminergic imagwira ntchito.

7) Mchitidwe Wogonana Wokakamiza Monga Khalidwe Lodalirika: Zotsatira za intaneti ndi Mavuto Ena (Griffiths, 2016). Zowonjezera:

Ndayesetsa kufufuza njira zamakono zosiyana siyana (kutchova njuga, kujambula mavidiyo, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugonana, ntchito, ndi zina zotero) ndipo ndatsutsa kuti njira zina zovuta zogonana zingatchulidwe monga chizolowezi chogonana, malinga ndi malingaliro oledzera ogwiritsidwa ntchito ....

Kaya vuto la chiwerewere limakhala ngati chilakolako chogonana (CSB), chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi / kapena vuto la hypersexual, palinso masauzande ambiri opatsirana maganizo padziko lonse lapansi amene amachititsa mavuto oterowo. Chifukwa chake, umboni wothandiza anthu omwe akuthandiza ndi kuwachitira anthu oyenerawo ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu wambiri ndi anthu odwala matenda a maganizo ....

Mosakayikira chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri m'munda wa CSB komanso chizolowezi chogonana ndi momwe intaneti ikusinthira ndikuwongolera CSB. Izi sizinatchulidwe mpaka gawo lomaliza, komabe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (pomwe pali zida zazing'ono) zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kuphatikiza zitsanzo za anthu pafupifupi 10 000. M'malo mwake, pakhala kuwunikiridwa kwaposachedwa kwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pazakugonana pa intaneti komanso chithandizo. Izi zafotokozera zambiri pa intaneti zomwe zitha kuyambitsa ndikulimbikitsa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere (kupezeka, kuthekera, kusadziwika, mwayi, kuthawa, kudziletsa, etc.).

8) Kufunafuna Makhalidwe Oyera M'madzi a Muddy: Zomwe Zidzachitike M'tsogolomu Pofotokoza Kugonana Kwachidakwa Monga Chidakwa (Kraus et al., 2016). Zowonjezera:

Posachedwapa tafufuza umboni wosiyanitsa khalidwe lachiwerewere (CSB) monga chizoloŵezi chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kuwunika kwathu kunapeza kuti CSB inagwirizana ndi matenda, neurobiological ndi zochitika zofanana ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ....

Ngakhale kuti American Psychiatric Association inakana matenda a hypersexual kuchokera ku DSM-5, matenda a CSB (kugonana kwambiri) akhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10. CSB ikuyang'aniranso ndi ICD-11, ngakhale kuti kumapeto kwake kulibe umboni. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa chidziwitso ndi kulimbitsa dongosolo lomvetsa bwino CSB ndikumasulira mfundozi kuti zikhale ndi ndondomeko yowonjezereka, kupewa, kupatsirana, komanso njira zamankhwala zochepetsera zotsatira zoipa za CSB.

9) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala Zapamalonda (Park et al., 2016). Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa mabuku okhudzana ndi zolaula-kunachititsa mavuto a kugonana. Pogwiritsa ntchito madokotala a Navy a US Navy ndi Gary Wilson, ndemangayi imapereka mauthenga atsopano omwe amasonyeza kukula kwakukulu kwa mavuto aunyamata achinyamata. Limaphunziranso za ubongo zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula pa intaneti. Madokotala amapereka ndondomeko zachipatala za 7 za amuna omwe adayambitsa zolaula-zowononga zovuta zogonana. Pepala lachiwiri la 3 la Gary Wilson likukamba za kufunika kophunzira zotsatira za zolaula pokhala ndi anthu opewera zolaula: Kuthana ndi Mavuto Osavuta Kuonera Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kuulula Zotsatira Zake (2016). Zolemba:

Zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe poyamba zinalongosola zovuta za kugonana kwa amuna zimawoneka zosakwanira kuti ziwerengere chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa erectile, kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa, kuchepetsa kugonana kwachigonjetso, ndi kuchepetsa kukhumudwa pakati pa kugonana pakati pa amuna pansi pa 40. Ndemanga iyi (1) imalingalira deta kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchipatala, matenda (uledzere / urology), maganizo (kugonana), zachikhalidwe; ndipo (2) imapereka malipoti okhudzana ndi zachipatala, onse ndi cholinga chopangira njira yothetsera kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Kusinthika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka ubongo kumafufuzidwa ngati njira yothetsera malingaliro okhudzana ndi zolaula.

Ndemanga iyi ikuwunikiranso zaumboni wosonyeza kuti zolaula za intaneti zitha kupezeka paliponse (zopanda malire, zitha kupezeka mosavuta pazinthu zowonjezereka, makanema amakanema, ndi zina zambiri) zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondana ndi zolaula zapa intaneti zomwe sizimasinthika kukhala zenizeni -Amunthu wokhala pachibwenzi, kuti zogonana ndi omwe akukondana nawo asalembetse monga ziyembekezo zamisonkhano zikukhalira. Malipoti azachipatala amati kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zina kumakhala kokwanira kusintha zolakwika, kutsimikizira kufunika kofufuzidwa kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

3.4. Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Mafilimu Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula-Mavuto Okhudza Kugonana: Timaganiza kuti zolaula-zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto okhudza kugonana zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa komanso kusakhudzidwa muchitidwe cha ubongo [72, 129] ndi neural correlates ya aliyense, kapena zonsezi, zapezeka mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa oonera zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Kugwirizanitsa Maganizo ndi Maganizo Okhudza Pulogalamu Yokhudza Kusintha ndi Kusamalira Mavuto Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito pa Intaneti: Kuyanjanitsa kwa Munthu-Kuzindikira-Mchitidwe wochitidwa (Brand et al., 2016). Kuwunika njira zothandizira ndikukonzekera mavuto ena ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, kuphatikizapo "Internet-zolaula-kuyang'ana matenda". Olemba amanena kuti kuonera zolaula (ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mowa mwauchidakwa) kumatchulidwa ngati vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikuikidwa ndi zizoloŵezi zina zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osokoneza bongo. Zowonjezera:

Ngakhale kuti DSM-5 imayang'ana pa maseŵera a pa intaneti, olemba ambiri amasonyeza kuti anthu ofunafuna chithandizo angagwiritsenso ntchito ma intaneti ena kapena malo addictively ....

Kuchokera mu kafukufuku wamakono, tikupempha kuti tigwiritse ntchito mavuto a intaneti pa ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuposa vuto la intaneti, masewera ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito movuta. Njira imodzi ingaphatikizepo kutsegula nthawi yowonongeka kwa intaneti, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa poganizira ntchito yoyamba yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, vuto la masewera a pa intaneti, vuto la kutchova njuga pa intaneti, zolaula pa Intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito matenda, Kusokoneza mauthenga pa intaneti, ndi kugula malonda pa intaneti).

11) The Neurobiology of Sexual Abuse: Chaputala cha Neurobiology of Addictions, Oxford Press (Hilton et al., 2016) - Zolemba:

Timakumbukira chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha matenda ozunguza bongo, kuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chachilengedwe kapena kukakamizidwa, ndikukambirana momwe izi zikukhudzira kumvetsa kwathu tsopano za kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe ingakhale yogwira ntchito "yosamvetseka" pamoyo wa munthu.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kutanthauzira kwatsopano ndi kumvetsetsa kwa chizolowezi chakumwa kwasintha chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ubongo umaphunzirira ndi zikhumbo. Ngakhale kuti kugonana kwapadera kunkafotokozedwa kale motsatira ndondomeko ya makhalidwe, tsopano ndikuwonanso kudzera mu lens of neuromodulation. Anthu omwe sangathe kumvetsetsa mfundozi akhoza kupitirizabe kugwirizana ndi maganizo awo, koma iwo omwe amatha kumvetsa khalidwe la biology, paradigm yatsopanoyi imapereka tanthawuzo lophatikizana ndi lothandiza la kugonana komwe kumalongosola onse asayansi ndi chipatala.

12) Katswiri wa Sayansi Akuyandikira Kuonera Zolaula pa IntanetiStark & ​​Klucken, 2017) - Zolemba:

Kupezeka kwa zolaula kwakula kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha intaneti. Chifukwa cha izi, abambo amapempha chithandizo nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti zolaula zawo mofulumira sizitha kulamulira; Mwachitsanzo, iwo sangathe kuima kapena kuchepetsa khalidwe lawo lovuta ngakhale kuti akukumana ndi zotsatira zoipa .... Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, maphunziro angapo omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a sayansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afufuze zithunzi za zithunzi zolaula pansi pa zochitika zowonongeka ndipo zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zammbuyo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula mochuluka kungagwirizane ndi njira zodziŵika bwino za sayansi ya ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kulumikiza kwa mankhwala oledzera.

Pomalizira, tinalongosola mwachidule maphunzirowo, omwe adafufuzira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula pamtundu wa neural. Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndizomveka kuti zomwe zimaoneka mwa amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zotsatira sizingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa zimapereka mphamvu zowonongeka mu dera la mphoto zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa zomwe zikulamulidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa zochitika zowonongeka ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa zolaula zomwe zimakhala zochepa pazochitika ndi zolaula zingathe kumasuliridwa ngati chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso cha khalidwe lachiwerewere.

13) Kodi kugonana koopsa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo? (Potenza et al., 2017) - Zolemba:

Matenda osokoneza bongo (ogwiritsidwa ntchito monga vuto la hypersexual) ankaonedwa kuti alowetsedwa mu DSM-5 koma pamapeto pake sanatulukidwe, ngakhale kuti anali ndi mayeso oyenerera ndi kuyesedwa. Kulekerera kumeneku kwaletsa kuletsa, kufufuza, ndi kuyesa, ndikusiya asing'anga opanda chidziwitso chothetsera vuto la chiwerewere.

Kafukufuku mu neurobiology yokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumakhudzidwa kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chidwi cha anthu, malingaliro othandizira, komanso kubwereza komwe kumachokera mu ubongo komwe kumapangitsa kufanana kwakukulu ndi zizolowezi. Kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe azakugonana kukufunidwa ngati vuto loteteza anthu ku ICD-11, yogwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe akukhumba, kupitilizabe chibwenzi ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa, kuchitapo kanthu mokakamizidwa, ndikuchepetsedwa kwa chiwonetsero kumayimira zochitika zazikulu zamavuto-oyendetsa.

Kuwona kumeneku kungakhale koyenera kwa zovuta zina za DSM-IV zothetsera, makamaka njuga zamatenda. Komabe, zinthuzi zidaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira pazokonda, ndipo pakusintha kuchokera ku DSM-IV kupita ku DSM-5, gawo la Impulse Control Disways Not Pese Pomwe Gulu Lophatikizidwa lidakonzedwanso, pomwe njuga zam'magazi zidasinthidwa ndikusinthidwanso ngati vuto losokoneza bongo. Pakadali pano, tsamba la ICD-11 lolemba beta limatchulapo zovuta zoletsa, ndipo limaphatikizapo kukakamiza kugona mchitidwe wogonana, pyromania, kleptomania, ndi vuto lophulika pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi kugonana akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuperekedwa kwa ICD-11, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepetsera kugonana yomwe ikufunidwa pofuna kusokoneza vuto la kugonana pa tsamba la ICD-11. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

14) Nthenda ya Neurobiology ya Zolaula Kuledzera - Kupenda kwachipatala (De Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Zolemba:

Kuwunika kumayang'ana koyambirira pa zoyenera zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo ndi dera lopindulitsa komanso zochitika zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto lililonse. Chotsatiracho chimasinthira ku zolaula zolaula ndi maphunziro omwe amachitika pa matenda a ubongo wa mkhalidwewo. Udindo wa dopamine mu zolaula zolaula umawerengedwa pamodzi ndi udindo wa ziwalo zina za ubongo monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera pa maphunziro a MRI. Maphunziro a FMRI okhudzana ndi kugonana kwachiwonetsero akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti aphunzire za sayansi yotsalira ntchito zowonongeka komanso zomwe zafukufukuwa zikufotokozedwa. Zotsatira za chizoloŵezi cholaula zolaula pazochita zapamwamba zoganizira komanso ntchito yoyendetsera ntchito ikugogomezedwanso.

Zonsezi, zida za 59 zinazindikiranso zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndemanga, ndemanga za mini ndi zolemba zoyambirira zofufuza pa zolaula, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda a ubongo. Mapepala a kafukufuku omwe anawongosoledwa apa anali okhudzana ndi zomwe zinawonekera kuti zikhale zovuta zolaula. Tinaphatikizapo maphunziro omwe anali ndi kukula kwakukulu kwazitsanzo ndi njira zogwira ntchito ndi kufufuza koyenera. Panali maphunziro ena ndi ocheperapo ophunzira, zochitika zowonjezera, malipoti a nkhani ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adawerengedwanso pa pepala ili. Olemba onsewo adayang'ana mapepala onse ndi omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri adasankhidwa kuti apindule. Izi zinaonjezeredwa ndi zochitika zachipatala za olemba omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi odwala kumene kuwonetsa zolaula ndi kuwona ndi chizindikiro chowopsya. Olembawo ali ndi zochitika za psychotherapeutic ndi odwala awa omwe awonjezera phindu la kumvetsa kwa ubongo.

15) Umboni wa Pudding Ndi Wotsekemera: Deta Ndizofunika Kuyesera Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Kwachinyengo (Gola & Potenza, 2018) - Zolemba:

Monga tafotokozera kwina kulikonse (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), pali chiwerengero chowonjezeka chofalitsa pa CSB, chofika pa 11,400 mu 2015. Komabe, mafunso ofunikira pakukambirana kwa CSB sanayankhidwe (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Zingakhale zofunikira kulingalira momwe DSM ndi Mitundu Yonse ya Matenda (ICD) ikugwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko ndi magawo. Pochita zimenezi, tikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira kuganizira za vuto lakutchova njuga (komanso kutchedwa kutchova njuga) komanso momwe zinaganiziridwira mu DSM-IV ndi DSM-5 (komanso ICD-10 ndi ICD-11). Mu DSM-IV, kutchova njuga kumatchulidwa kuti "Kusokonezeka kwa Matenda-Osokoneza Bwino." Mu DSM-5, adatchulidwanso kuti "Kulimbana ndi Matenda Okhudzidwa ndi Matenda Aakulu.". Njira yofananayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa CSB, yomwe tsopano ikuganiziridwa kuti ikhalepo monga matenda osokoneza maganizo mu ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018) ....

Zina mwa maudindo omwe angasonyeze kuti kufanana pakati pa CSB ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi maphunziro okhudza ubongo, ndi maphunziro angapo aposachedwapa omwe sanathenso ndi Walton et al. (2017). Kafukufuku woyambirira nthawi zambiri amayesa CSB pokhudzana ndi mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo (zowunikidwa ku Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b). Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino - chiphunzitso cholimbikitsana (Robinson & Berridge, 1993) - akunena kuti mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, zomwe zimayenderana ndi nkhanza zimatha kukhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri ndikulakalaka. Izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa zigawo zamaubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa pakupanga mphotho, kuphatikiza ventral striatum. Ntchito zowunika kuyambiranso kwazinthu ndikukonzanso mphotho zitha kusinthidwa kuti zifufuze za zomwe zingachitike (mwachitsanzo, ndalama zotsutsana) ndi magulu ena (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013), ndipo posachedwa takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kuti tiphunzire chitsanzo cha mankhwala (Gola et al., 2017).

Tidapeza kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo chamankhwala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, poyerekeza ndi zaka (zaka, jenda, ndalama, chipembedzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi, zogonana), ziwonetsero zoyenera, zawonetsa kukhudzidwanso kwakukulu kwa zochitika zolaula. mphotho, koma osati zolumikizana nazo osati za ndalama ndi mphotho. Njira yodabwitsanso ubongo imagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa chidwi ndipo chikuwonetsa kuti gawo lofunikira la CSB likhoza kukhudzanso kubwereza kapena kulakalaka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi malingaliro andale omwe amayambitsidwa poyambira zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana.

Zowonjezera zimawonetsa kuti maubongo ena a ubongo ndi machitidwe ena akhoza kukhala nawo mu CSB, ndipo izi zitha kuphatikiza anterior cingulate, hippocampus ndi amygdala (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, ndi Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Mwa izi, tazindikira kuti gawo lalitali la amygdala lomwe limakhudzana ndi kuyambiranso koopsa pazowopseza komanso nkhawa zitha kukhala zofunikira pachipatala (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola & Potenza, 2016) pogwiritsa ntchito kuona kuti ena a CSB ali ndi nkhawa yaikulu (Gola et al., 2017) ndi zisonyezo za CSB zitha kuchepetsedwa limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa nkhawa zamankhwala (Gola & Potenza, 2016) ...

16) Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro, magawo, chithandizo, ndi ndondomeko za ndondomeko Ndemanga pa: Kukhumudwa kwa khalidwe la kugonana mu ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018) - Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. "Zolemba:

Kwa anthu ambiri omwe akukumana ndi zovuta kapena zolephera polamulira zofuna zakugonana, zobwerezabwereza kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimabweretsa mchitidwe wogonana womwe umakhudzana ndi kupsinjika kapena kufooka kwamunthu, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena zina zofunikira pakugwira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutchula mayina ndikuzindikira vuto lawo. Ndikofunikanso kuti operekera chisamaliro (mwachitsanzo, asing'anga ndi alangizi) omwe anthu atha kufunafuna thandizo akudziwa ma CSB. Pakati pa maphunziro athu opitilira 3,000 omwe akufuna chithandizo cha CSB, takhala tikumva kuti anthu omwe ali ndi CSB amakumana ndi zopinga zingapo akafuna thandizo kapena polumikizana ndi azachipatala (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016).

Odwala akuti othandizira atha kupewa mutuwo, anene kuti mavutowo kulibe, kapena anganene kuti wina ali ndi vuto lalikulu logonana, ndipo akuyenera kuvomera m'malo mochiza (ngakhale kuti anthuwa, ma CSB akhoza kumverera kuti ali ndi vuto ndi kutsogolera) Zotsatira zingapo zoyipa). Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zofotokozedwera bwino za vuto la CSB zimalimbikitsa kuyesayesa kwamaphunziro kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ophunzitsira momwe angayesere ndi kuchitira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la CSB. Tikukhulupirira kuti mapulogalamu ngati awa akhale gawo la maphunziro othandizira azachipatala, azamisala, komanso othandizira ena othandizira odwala matenda amisala, komanso othandizira ena ophatikiza othandizira oyambira, monga madokotala a generalist.

Mafunso oyambirira pa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito matenda a CSB ndikupereka mankhwala othandiza ayenera kuthandizidwa. Zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha matenda a CSB monga vuto lakutetezera ndizovuta monga zitsanzo zina zomwe zasankhidwa (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Pali deta yosonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi zoledzera (Kraus et al., 2016), kuphatikizapo deta zam'tsogolo zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa machitidwe a ubongo okhudzana ndi mphoto poyankhidwa ndi zovuta zowononga (Mtundu, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014).

Kuphatikiza apo, zidziwitso zoyambirira zikusonyeza kuti naltrexone, mankhwala omwe ali ndi zisonyezo zamavuto osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opioid, akhoza kukhala othandiza pochiza ma CSB (Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010). Ponena za chiwerengero cha matenda a CSB monga vuto lodziletsa, pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe akuchiritsira matenda a CSB amodzi, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, sizimasiyana ndi anthu ambiri. Iwo m'malo mwake amaperekedwa ndi nkhawa yowonjezereka (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola et al., 2017), komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za nkhawa zingakhale zothandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina za CSB (Gola & Potenza, 2016). Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kuti tipeze zenizeni zokhudzana ndi magawo, deta zambiri zimawoneka kuti zikuthandizira magawo monga matenda osokoneza bongo poyerekeza ndi matenda odziteteza (Kraus et al., 2016), komanso kufufuza kwina kuli kofunika kuti muyambe kugonana ndi ena omwe ali ndi matenda (psychiatric conditions)Potenza et al., 2017).

17) Mchitidwe Wogonana Wosakanikirana ndi Anthu Ndiponso Zitsanzo Zogonana (2018) - Zolemba:

Khalidwe lachiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) likuwoneka kuti ndi "khalidwe loledzera," ndipo ndilo vuto lalikulu kwa moyo wa umoyo komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, CSB yachedwa kuchepetsedwa ngati matenda opatsirana. CSB imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana komanso mavuto osokoneza bongo, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono akusonyeza kuti matenda a neural pathologies ndi ogawanirana kapena ophatikizana, makamaka m'madera a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala olimbikitsana komanso oletsa kulamulira. Maphunziro a kachipatala akuyang'anitsitsa akutsatiridwa omwe atha kusintha kayendedwe kake ndi / kapena ntchito ku prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus mwa anthu omwe akudwala CSB. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha maphunziro a CSB pa makoswe amphongo akukambidwa ndikupanga ndondomeko ya chiwopsezo kuti ayesetse kufunafuna khalidwe la chiwerewere ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake siziwoneka bwino.

Chifukwa chakuti CSB imagawana makhalidwe ndi zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyerekezera kwa masewero a CSB, ndi maphunziro osokoneza bongo, zingakhale zothandiza kuzindikira kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zoonadi, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza njira zofanana zogwiritsira ntchito maukonde ndi zogwirizanitsa mkati mwazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku CSB komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo [87-89].

Pomalizira, ndemangayi inafotokozera mwachidule maphunziro ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pa CSB komanso kusokonezeka ndi mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pamodzi, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti CSB imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kugwirizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex. Komanso, chitsanzo choyenera cha CSB mu makoswe aamuna chidafotokozedwa, kuphatikizapo umboni watsopano wa kusintha kwa neural mu mPFC ndi OFC zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutayika koletsa kugonana. Chitsanzo chokhazikikachi chimapereka mpata wapadera woyesera malingaliro ofunikira kuti azindikire zowonongeka ndi zifukwa zenizeni za CSB ndi kuyanjana ndi mavuto ena.

18) Mavuto Ogonana pa Intaneti Nthawi (2018) - Ndemanga:

Chikhumbo chochepa chogonana, kukhutitsidwa kocheperako pakugonana, ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile (ED) kukuchulukirachulukira mwa achinyamata. Pakafukufuku waku Italy kuyambira 2013, mpaka 25% ya odwala omwe anali ndi ED anali osakwana zaka 40 [1], ndipo kafukufuku wofananira yemwe adalembedwa mu 2014, woposa theka la abambo aku Canada azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 21 anali ndi vuto linalake lachiwerewere [2]. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa moyo wopanda thanzi womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi organic ED sikunasinthe kwambiri kapena kuchepa m'zaka makumi zapitazi, ndikuwonetsa kuti psychogenic ED ikukwera [3].

DSM-IV-TR imatanthauzira mikhalidwe ina yokhala ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, monga kutchova njuga, kugula malonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema, ngati "vuto losalamulirika lomwe silinafotokozeredwe kwina" - ngakhale zambiri izi zimawonetsedwa ngati zikhalidwe zosokoneza bongo [4 ]. Kafukufuku waposachedwa apereka lingaliro lamakhalidwe azokakamiza pakugonana: kusintha kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuyankha kugonana zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zoyambitsidwa mobwerezabwereza, zoyambira zazikulu zosiyanasiyana.

Pakati pa zizoloŵezi zoipa, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika ndi kuwonetsa zolaula pa Intaneti zimatchulidwa kuti zingakhale zovuta zowononga kugonana, nthawi zambiri popanda malire enieni pakati pa zochitika ziwirizi. Ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti amakopeka ndi zolaula pa intaneti chifukwa cha kudziwika kwake, kukwanitsa, ndi kukwaniritsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kungapangitse owerenga kugwiritsa ntchito chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu pa Intaneti: M'mabuku amenewa, ogwiritsa ntchito amaiwala kwambiri "kusintha" kwa kugonana, kupeza chisangalalo chochulukira pa zosankha zofuna kugonana zofuna kugonana kusiyana ndi kugonana.

M'mabuku, ofufuza sagwirizana ndi ntchito zabwino ndi zoipa zolaula pa Intaneti. Kuchokera kumbali yolakwika, imayimira chikonzero chachikulu cha khalidwe lachinyengo, chizoloŵezi chogonana, komanso erectile dysfunction.

19) Njira zokhudzana ndi kugonana mwachisawawa (2018) - Zolemba:

Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere wakhala akupereka njira zowonongeka zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azigonana komanso asamadwale. Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, kuzoloŵera, kusokoneza maganizo, ndi kupindula mphoto muzochitika ngati zinthu, kutchova juga, ndi zizoloŵezi zosewera. Zigawo zazikulu za ubongo zogwirizana ndi zigawo za CSB zikuphatikizapo ma cortices oyang'anizana ndi am'mbuyo, amygdala, ndi striatum, kuphatikizapo nucleus accumbens.

CSBD yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu machitidwe omwe alipo tsopanoICD-11 monga matenda osokoneza maganizo [39]. Monga momwe WHO inanenera, 'Matenda oletsa kuponderezedwa amadziwika ndi mobwerezabwereza kulephera kuganiza, kuyendetsa galimoto, kapena kukakamiza kuchita chinthu chomwe chimapindulitsa munthuyo, panthawi yochepa, ngakhale zovuta monga nthawi yaitali -kupweteka munthu kapena ena, kuvutika maganizo pa khalidwe, kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu payekha, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena mbali zina zofunika pakugwira ntchito [39]. Zofukufuku zamakono zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika okhudza chigawo cha CSBD. Matenda ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto lotha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika amagawidwa m'madera ena ICD-11 (mwachitsanzo, kutchova njuga, masewera, ndi vuto la kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda osokoneza bongo) [123].

20) Kumvetsetsa Kwambiri za Khalidwe Lopanda Nzeru za Kugonana Kwachidakwa ndi Zovuta Zolaula Gwiritsani ntchito (2018) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo posachedwapa wavumbula kuti kugonana kosayenera kumagwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kugonana ndi kusiyana kwa ubongo ndi ntchito.

Zomwe taphunzira mwachidule muzowonjezera zathu zimaphatikizapo zofanana ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi zakuthupi, zomwe zimagawana zambiri zolakwika zomwe zapezeka kwa CSBD (monga momwe zikuwonzedwera mu [127]). Ngakhale kuti silingathe kufotokozedwa ndi lipoti laposachedwapa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwachidwi komwe kumawongolera mwachindunji, zoyenera kuchita, ndi zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo (zochitika mwachidule ndi ndemanga: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; mowa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; fodya: [138, 139]; njuga: [140, 141]; masewera: [142, 143]). Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimasonyeza kufanana pakati pa CSBD ndi zina zoledzeretsa [144, 145].

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ofufuza a khungu la CSBD akhala akuchitidwa mpaka pano, deta yomwe ilipo imasonyeza kuti vuto la nthenda ya sayansi limagwirizana nawo ndi zina zowonjezera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga. Motero, deta yomwe ilipo ikusonyeza kuti zigawo zake zingakhale zoyenera monga chizolowezi chogonana m'malo mwa vuto lodziletsa.

21) Ventral Striatal Kuchita Zowonongeka M'zochita Zogonana Zogonana (2018) - Zowonjezera:

Zochita Zogonana Zokakamiza (CSB) ndi chifukwa chofuna chithandizo. Chifukwa cha izi, chiwerengero cha maphunziro a CSB chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka 10 zapitazi ndipo World Health Organization (WHO) inaphatikizapo CSB muzomwe akufuna kuitanitsa ICD-11 ...... Kuyambira panjira yathu, tiyenera kufufuza ngati CSB zikhoza kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi: (1) makhalidwe akuluakulu ogonana, komanso (2) khalidwe lalikulu logonana komanso zolaula zoonera (48, 49).

Chiwerengero cha maphunziro omwe alipo pa CSB (ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu aziwonetsa zolaula nthawi zambiri) akuwonjezeka nthawi zonse. Pakati pa maphunziro omwe alipo, tinapeza mabuku asanu ndi anayi (Table 1) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito maginito opanga masomphenya. Zinayi zokha (36-39) adafufuzidwa mosamalitsa kutsata ndondomeko zowonongeka ndi / kapena mphotho ndipo adawonetsa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi ventral striatum activations. Kafukufuku katatu akuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo chogonjetsa kuti chikhale choyambitsa chisokonezo (36-39) kapena kutchula zowonongeka (36-39). Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi Mfundo Yotsitsimula (IST) (28), imodzi mwa machitidwe otchuka kwambiri kufotokozera ubongo kugwira ntchito moledzeretsa. Chithandizo chokhacho chokhazikitsira chingwe china chimene chimalosera kusokoneza kwa ventral striatum mowa, nkhani ya RDS (29, 30), amadza pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku phunziro limodzi (37), kumene anthu omwe ali ndi CSB amapereka chitsimikizo chochepa chotsutsa poyerekeza ndi maulamuliro.

22) Kugonjetsa Kwachinyamata pa Intaneti: Zimene Timadziwa ndi Zimene Sitikuzidziwa-Kusanthula Kwambiri (2019)- Zolemba:

M'zaka zochepa zapitazi, pakhala pali funde lazinthu zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zikhalidwe; ena mwa iwo amayang'ana kwambiri zolaula za pa intaneti. Komabe, ngakhale kuyesetsa konse, tikulephera kudziwa pomwe kuchita izi kukuchitika. Mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi monga: kukondera mwachitsanzo, kusaka zida zothandizira kuzindikira, kutsutsana koyenerana ndi nkhaniyi, komanso kuti chinthuchi chitha kuzunguliridwa mkati mwa njira yayikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) omwe amatha kupezeka ndi chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri. Zokonda zamakhalidwe ophunzitsira zimakhala gawo lopanda maphunziro, ndipo nthawi zambiri limawonetsa mtundu wamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito: kuwongolera, kuwonongeka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ngozi.

Hypersexual disc imakwanira pamfanizoli ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi zochitika zingapo zogonana, monga zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (POPU). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kukukulira, ndipo kukhoza kutengera vuto la "katatu" "(kupezeka, kuthekera, kudziwika). Kugwiritsa ntchito kovuta kumeneku kukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mukulimbikitsa kugonana komanso kuchita zogonana, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, kafukufuku wina wam'mbuyomu akuthandizira gululi kukhala chidakwa ndi mawonetseredwe ofunikira ofunikira monga kusokonezeka kwa kugonana ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikupezekapo zimachokera ku kafukufuku wofanana ndi wochitidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro owonetsa zithunzi zolaula monga "supranormal stimulus" mofanana ndi chinthu chenichenicho chomwe, kupyolera mukudya, chingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo. Komabe, malingaliro monga kulekerera ndi kudziletsa sizinakhazikitsidwe mokwanira kuti ziyenera kulemba kuledzeretsa, ndipo motero ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Pakali pano, gulu lachidziwitso lomwe limaphatikizapo khalidwe la kugonana laphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 chifukwa cha zomwe akufunikira panopa, ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza kuthetsa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe amapempha madokotala kuti awathandize.

23) Zochitika ndi chitukuko cha kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti: zifukwa zomwe munthu angagwiritsidwe nazo, kulimbitsa njira ndi njira zodzikongoletsera (2019) - Zolemba:

Kuyamba ndi kukulitsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex chili ndi magawo awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe othandizira. Choyamba, anthu nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti chifukwa cha zosangalatsa ndi chidwi. Pa siteji iyi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti kumapangidwa mozikondweretsa pogonana ndipo Zotsatira mumawonekedwe apakale, zimawonjezeranso chidwi cha zomwe zimalumikizana ndi cybersex zomwe zimayambitsa kulakalaka kwambiri. Mavuto omwe amakumana nawo payekha amakonzanso chidwi cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi cybersex. Pachigawo chachiwiri, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito cybersex pafupipafupi kukhutiritsa zilakolako zawo zogonana kapena Pazinthu izi, mkati mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi cybersex monga kuyembekezera kwabwino kwa cybersex ndi njira zopirira ngati kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa ndizolimbikitsidwa. ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex monga narcissism, kufunafuna chilakolako chogonana, chisangalalo chogonana, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagonana kumagwiranso bwino ntchito, pomwe zovuta zaumunthu wamba monga mantha, kudziona wotsika ndi psychopathologies monga kukhumudwa, nkhawa ndizolimbikitsidwa.

Zofooka zogwira ntchito zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pa cybersex. Kuchita kwa mkulu ntchito zoperewera ndi kukhumba kwambiri kumalimbikitsa kukulitsa ndi kukonza Kwa cybersex. Ofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamaubongo makamaka kuphunzirira chizolowezi cha cybersex adapeza kuti zizolowezi za cybersex zimatha kukulira kulakalaka kwamphamvu kwa cybersex ikakumana ndi zilonda zokhudzana ndi cybersex, koma zimamva kucheperachepera komanso zosasangalatsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku amapereka umboni wa kulakalaka kwambiri komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi miyambo yokhudzana ndi cybersex komanso ntchito yodwala.

Pomaliza, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti sangathe kuyimitsa chilakolako chogonana pa intaneti mwachidwi chifukwa chofuna kuchita zogonana pa intaneti komanso operewera, koma samakhutira ndikamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikufufuza zolaula zambiri pa intaneti pakuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri. Akachepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito intaneti kapena kungosiya, amatha kudwala mavuto osiyanasiyana monga kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kusokonekera, kusowa chilakolako chogonana.

24) Malingaliro, kupewa, ndi kuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo (2019)- Zolemba:

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, aphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 ngati chisokonezo cholamulira chisokonezo. Njira zodziwitsira za matendawa, komabe, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka chifukwa cha zizolowezi zoipa, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zachiwerewere zobwereza zimakhala gawo lalikulu pamoyo wamunthu, zoyesayesa zopanda pake zakuchepetsa machitidwe abwenzi ogonana ndikupitilizabe kuchita zadama. mukukumana ndi zoyipa (WHO, 2019). Ofufuza ambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kumatha kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi chakhalidwe.

Kuchita zofanananso ndi kukhumba kophatikizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kudziwongolera, kuzindikira zodziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, zizolowezi) ndi kukhutitsidwa ndikulipidwa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwawonetsedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wa Neurosciology amatsimikizira kukhudzidwa kwa magawo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bongo, kuphatikiza ma ventral striatum ndi mbali zina za fronto-striatal loops, pakukonza ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta. Malipoti a milandu ndi kafukufuku wotsimikizira-za malingaliro akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kulowererapo kwa zamankhwala, mwachitsanzo, opioid antagonist naltrexone, pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso vuto lokakamiza pa kugonana.

Kulingalira kwa malingaliro ndi umboni wamphamvu kumawonetsa kuti njira zamaganizidwe ndi mitsempha zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zowonjezereka ndizothandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

25) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zazovuta - Zolemba

Kugwiritsa ntchito mwazovuta zolaula kumawoneka ngati kogwirizana ndi magawo angapo osanthula ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana munyama. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka mkati mwa RDoC paradigm zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana omwe magawo osiyanasiyana a kusanthula amakhudzana wina ndi mzake (mkuyu. 1). Zikuwoneka kuti ma dopamine okwera kwambiri, omwe amapezeka pakachitidwe kwachilengedwe kwa mphotho yokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana ndi orgasm, amasokoneza kayendedwe ka VTA-NAc mwa anthu omwe anena lipoti la SPPPU. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku kumabweretsa kuyambitsa kwakukulu kwa njira yamalipiro ndikuwonjezereka kwamachitidwe okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulimbikitsa njira yothandizira pazinthu zolaula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dopamine mu nucleus accumbens.

Kuwonetserabe zolaula zomwe zikuchitika mwachangu komanso zosavuta kuzipeza zikuwoneka kuti kumayambitsa kusamvana mu mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Dopamine yochulukirayi imayambitsa njira zotulutsira GABA, ndikupanga dynorphin ngati chinthu, chomwe chimaletsa ma dopamine neurons. Dopamine ikachepa, acetylcholine imamasulidwa ndipo imatha kubweretsa vuto (Hoebel et al. 2007), ndikupanga mphotho yoyipa yomwe imapezeka mgawo lachiwiri la mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo. Kusiyanaku kumalumikizananso ndikusintha kuchoka ku njira zopewera kupewa, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi anthu omwe amafotokoza zolaula zovuta…. Kusintha uku kwamachitidwe amkati ndi machitidwe pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi SPPPU ndi ofanana ndi omwe amawonedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, ndipo amalemba mapangidwe azinthu zosokoneza bongo (Love et al. 2015).

26) Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cybersex: kuwunikira mwachidule za chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matenda omwe akungochitika kumene (2020) - Zolemba:

Kuledzera kwa cybersex ndichizolowezi chosagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugonana pa intaneti. Masiku ano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta kudzera pa intaneti. Ku Indonesia, zogonana nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zolaula koma achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi zolaula. Zimatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chokhala ndi zovuta zambiri pa ogwiritsa ntchito, monga maubale, ndalama, komanso mavuto amisala monga nkhawa yayikulu komanso nkhawa.

27) Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Tiyenera Kuziwona Monga Zovuta M'gulu Lapadziko Lonse La Matenda (ICD-11) Kutchulidwa kwa "Zovuta Zina Zina Zotchulidwa Chifukwa Cha Zovuta Zowonjezera"? (2020) - Ndemanga ya akatswiri ogwiritsa ntchito bongo kuti akuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi vuto lomwe likuyenera kupezeka ndi gulu la ICD-11 "zovuta zina chifukwa cha zizolowezi zoipa". Mwanjira ina, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza kumawoneka ngati zosokoneza zina. Zolemba:

35) Kuyankha kwa Mphotho, Kuphunzira, ndi Kuyamikira Zomwe Zimakhudzidwa ndi Vuto Logwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula - Maonedwe a Domain Domain Criteria (2022) - Zolemba:

Mwachidule, zotsatira za maphunziro a SID odziwa zambiri zimaloza kumayendedwe ndi neural mphotho zoyembekeza zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pakugonana ndi mphotho zandalama mwa omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino cholimbikitsira chizoloŵezi chimalimbikitsa [35]. Lingaliro ili likuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa chinthu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphotho zomwe zimayenderana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke zimawonjezera zolimbikitsa pazotsatirazi. Kusamutsidwa ku PPU, malipiro ozungulira anganene kuti kuwonjezereka kwachilimbikitso ku zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

36) Kodi khalidwe lovuta logonana liyenera kuwonedwa pansi pa chizolowezi choledzera? Kuwunika mwadongosolo kutengera DSM-5 mankhwala osokoneza bongo (2023)

Njira za DSM-5 zazovuta zosokoneza bongo zidapezeka kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zogonana omwe ali ndi vuto, makamaka kulakalaka, kulephera kudziletsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zogonana, ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana…. Maphunziro ochulukirapo akuyenera kuchitidwa [pogwiritsa ntchito] njira za DSM-5 [kuwunika] mawonekedwe omwe ali ngati chizolowezi chogonana ndizovuta m'magulu azachipatala komanso omwe siachipatala.

Onani Kafukufuku Wokayikitsa & Osokeretsa kwa mapepala omwe amalembedwa kwambiri omwe sali omwe iwo amati ndi iwo (pepala ili - Ley et al., 2014 - sikunali kuwerengera zolemba ndipo amanamizira kwambiri mapepala omwe adatchulapo). Onani tsamba ili pa maphunziro ochuluka omwe amalumikiza zolaula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto azakugonana ndikuchepetsa kukhutira ndi kugonana.

Maphunziro a ubongo (FMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi olowerera kugonana:

Maphunziro amitsempha omwe ali pansipa ali m'magulu awiri: (1) Ndi ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kusintha ubongo uliwonse wanena, ndipo (2) pofika tsiku lolemba.

1) Yolembedwa ndi Kusintha Kogwirizana Ndi Ubongo: Maubongo anayi akuluakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuledzera amafotokozedwa George F. Koob ndi Nora D. Volkow muzokambirana zawo zochititsa chidwi. Koob ndiye Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol (NIAAA), ndipo Volkow ndiye mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Abuse (NIDA). Linatulutsidwa mu New England Journal of Medicine: Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Neurobiologic Kuchokera ku ubongo wa ubongo Mtundu wa Zovuta (2016). Papepalali limalongosola kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi makhalidwe, pamene akunena ndime yoyamba kuti kugonana kulipo:

"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo imapitirizabe kuchirikiza matenda a ubongo. Kafukufuku wa sayansi m'dera lino sikuti amapereka mwayi watsopano wopewa ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa ndi zoledzera zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (mwachitsanzo, ku chakudya, kugonana, ndi njuga) .... "

Pepala la Volkow & Koob lidalongosola kusintha kwa zinthu zinayi zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwaubongo, zomwe ndi: 1) Kusintha, 2) Kusintha, 3) Maulendo osayenerera operewera (chinyengo), 4) Kusokonezeka maganizo. Zonse za 4 za kusintha kwa ubongozi zapezeka pakati pa maphunziro ambiri a ubongo olembedwa patsamba lino:

• Zofufuza zapoti kulimbikitsa (cue-reactivity & cravings) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / osokoneza bongo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Zofufuza zapoti deensitization kapena chizoloŵezi (chomwe chimapangitsa kulekerera) owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ozunguza kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Zofukufuku zomwe zimanena kuti ntchito yosauka ikuyenda bwino (chinyengo) kapena kusinthidwa ntchito yoyendetsa zolaula m'magwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana ndi anthu ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Zofufuza zosonyeza a matenda osayenerera owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) Yolembedwa ndi Date Of Publication: Mndandanda wotsatira uli ndi maphunziro onse a ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso oledzera. Phunziro lililonse lili pansipa likuphatikizidwa ndi ndondomeko kapena excerpt, ndipo limasonyeza kuti kusintha kwa ubongo wa 4 yokhudzana ndi chiwerewere kunangokambirana zomwe zapeza zikuvomereza:

1) Kafukufuku Woyamba wa Makhalidwe Omwe Amachita Zachiwerewere (Impulsive and Neuroanatomical)Miner et al., 2009) - [maseketi osagwira ntchito oyang'anira / oyang'anira osauka] - Kafukufuku wocheperako wa fMRI wokhudza makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto logonana (Compulsive Sexual Behaeve). Kafukufuku amafotokoza zamakhalidwe osakakamira pantchito ya Go-NoGo m'maphunziro a CSB poyerekeza ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Zofufuza zamaubongo zidawulula kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sanasokoneze zoyera za preortal preortal poyerekeza ndi zowongolera. Zolemba:

Zomwe zafotokozedwa papepalali zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti CSB imafanana kwambiri ndi zovuta zowongolera, monga kleptomania, kutchova juga mokakamiza, komanso zovuta zamadyedwe. Makamaka, tawona kuti anthu omwe amakwaniritsa njira zodzikakamizira kuti azichita zachiwerewere amapambana kwambiri pakudzifotokozera, kutengera kukhudzika kwathunthu komanso umunthu, cholepheretsa …… .. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, odwala a CSB adawonetseranso chidwi chachikulu pantchito yamakhalidwe, njira ya Go-No Go.

Zotsatira zimasonyezanso kuti odwala a CSB amasonyeza kuti apamwamba kwambiri kuposa dera lonselo amatanthauza kusiyana (MD) kuposa malamulo. Kuwonana kwa mgwirizano kunawonetsera mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa zochitika zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha m'madera ochepa omwe ali m'madera ozungulira omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (FA) ndi MD, koma palibe mabungwe omwe ali ndi magawo akuluakulu omwe akuyendera. Kuwonanso komweko kunasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa MD ndi mkulu wa zochitika za kugonana.

Chifukwa chake, kusanthula koyambirira kumeneku ndikulonjeza ndikuwonetsa kuti pali zina za neuroanatomical komanso / kapena neurophysiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kokakamiza. Zambirizi zikuwonetsanso kuti CSB imadziwika ndi kukakamizidwa, komanso imaphatikizanso zinthu zina, zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi kukhudzika mtima komanso nkhawa za OCD.

2) Kusiyanitsa kwadzidzidzi pazitsatila za machitidwe akuluakulu ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere muzitsanzo za odwala komanso zamtundu wa amuna (Reid et al., 2010) - [ntchito yopanda mphamvu] - An excerpt:

Odwala omwe amafunafuna chithandizo chamakhalidwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukhudzidwa, kusakhazikika, kuzindikira moperewera, kuchepa kwamalamulo am'maganizo, komanso kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizofala pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limakhudzana ndi kutha kwa ntchito. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakufufuzidwe pakadali pano kusiyana pakati pa gulu la odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (n = 87) ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (n = 92) azimuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Behaeve Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha linali logwirizana ndi ma indices apadziko lonse lapansi osagwira bwino ntchito komanso zolipira zingapo za BRIEF-A. Zotsatira izi zimapereka umboni woyamba wotsimikizira kuti kusokonekera kwa akuluakulu kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lachiwerewere.

3) Kuwonera Zithunzi Zolaula pa intaneti: Udindo wa Kugonana Kwachiwerewere ndi Maganizo a Paganizo - Maganizo a Psychiatric kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Pogonana Kwambiri (Brand et al., 2011) - [zikhumbo zazikulu / zolimbikitsana ndi ntchito zosauka kwambiri] - An excerpt:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti mavuto omwe amadziwika pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zogonana pa intaneti amanenedweratu ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana, chiwonongeko chachikulu cha zizindikiro zamaganizo, ndi chiwerengero cha kugonana komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala pa Intaneti pa malo ogonana, pamene nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito malo opatsirana pogonana pa intaneti (maminiti patsiku) sizinathandize kwambiri kufotokozera kusiyana kwa magawo a IATsex. Timawona zofanana pakati pa njira zamaganizo ndi ubongo zimene zingathandize kuti zisamalire pa Intaneti komanso zomwe zimafotokozedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidaliro chodalira.

4) Zithunzi Zojambula Zithunzi Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zojambula ndi Ntchito Yoyang'ana Kumbukirani (Laier et al., 2013) - [zikhumbo zazikulu / zolimbikitsana ndi ntchito zosauka kwambiri] - An excerpt:

Anthu ena amafotokoza mavuto panthawi yogonana pa intaneti ndi pambuyo, monga kusowa tulo ndikuiwala mayina, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zoipa za moyo. Njira imodzi yomwe ingabweretse mavuto amenewa ndikuti kugonana pa nthawi yogonana pa Intaneti kungasokoneze mphamvu ya kukumbukira ntchito (WM), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunyalanyaza zinthu zowonongeka kwazomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe komanso kusokoneza chisankho. Zotsatira zinawonetsa zovuta kwambiri za WM kuchithunzi cha zithunzi zolaula za ntchito ya 4-kumbuyo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zitatu zotsalira. Zakafukufuku zafotokozedwa potsata kuledzera kwa intaneti chifukwa chakuti kulephera kwa WM ndi zida zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala oledzeretsa zimadziwika bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka.

5) Zokambirana Zogonana Zogonana Ndizochita Zopanga Zopanda Pake (Laier et al., 2013) - [zikhumbo zazikulu / zolimbikitsana ndi ntchito zosauka kwambiri] - An excerpt:

Kuchita zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zachiwerewere zimagwiridwa ndi mapepala osokoneza mapepala poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene zithunzi zogonana zogwirizana ndi zopindulitsa. Kugonjera kugonana kwachangu kunayambitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi kupanga kupanga chisankho. Phunziroli likugogomezera kuti kukakamiza kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga chisankho, chomwe chikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti.

6) Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti: Kugonana kwachidziwitso pamene mukuwonera zolaula osati zogonana zenizeni zimapangitsa kusiyana (Laier et al., 2013) - [zikhumbo zazikulu / zolimbikitsana ndi ntchito zosauka kwambiri] - An excerpt:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizindikiro zogonana zimadzuka ndikulakalaka zolaula pa Intaneti zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa phunziro loyamba. Komanso, zinasonyezedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a pa Intaneti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ogonana amavomereza kuti akugonana kwambiri komanso akulakalaka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula. Mu maphunziro onsewa, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwenikweni zamoyo sizinayanjanitsidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha kugonana pa Intaneti. Zotsatirazi zimapereka chithunzithunzi chokhutiritsa, chomwe chimayambitsa kulimbikitsa, kuphunzira njira, ndikukhumba kukhala njira yoyenera pakukula ndi kukonzanso kuledzera kwa cybersex. Osauka kapena osakhutiritsa zokhudzana ndi zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana sangathe kufotokoza mokwanira za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti.

7) Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chikugwirizana ndi mauthenga okhudza matenda opatsirana pogonana Opangidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana (Steele et al., 2013) - [chidziwitso chachikulu chogwirizana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana: chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe] - Kuphunzira kwa EEG kunayambika m'ma TV monga umboni wotsutsa kuwonetsa zolaula / kugonana. Osati choncho. Steele et al. 2013 kwenikweni imapereka chithandizo kuti pakhale zochitika zolaula ndi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa kugonana. Mwanjira yanji? Phunzirolo linalemba mawerengedwe apamwamba a EEG (zosiyana ndi zithunzi zosaloŵerera) pamene nkhanizo zinkawonekera mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti P300 yakwatukuka imachitika pamene anthu oledzeredwa amadziwika ndi zizindikiro (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo.

Mogwirizana ndi Ubongo wa University of Cambridge umaphunzirira maphunziro, phunziro la EEG komanso adawonetsa zochitika zazikulu zowonongeka ndi zolaula Zochepa chilakolako chogonana. Kufotokozera njira ina - anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wambiri kuwonetsa zolaula amalowerera zolaula kuposa kugonana ndi munthu weniweni. Chodabwitsa, woyankhulana Chithunzi cha Nicole adanena kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi "libido," komabe zotsatira za phunzirolo zimati zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha phunziro la kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chinawonongeka poyerekezera ndi zolaula zawo).

Pamodzi, awa awiri Steele et al. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa zochitika zazikulu muubongo (zithunzi zolaula), koma zocheperako poyerekeza ndi mphotho zachilengedwe (kugonana ndi munthu). Kulimbikitsa ndi kukhumudwitsa, zomwe ndizizindikiro zakusuta. Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikiridwa ndi anzawo amafotokoza izi: Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Steele et al., 2013. Onaninso izi YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa.

Kupatula pazinthu zambiri zomwe sizinagwirizane muzofalitsa, zikudodometsa kuti phunziro la Prause la 2013 EGG lapititsa ndondomeko ya anzawo, monga momwe anavutikira ndi zolakwika zolakwika: 1) maphunziro osagwirizana (amuna, akazi, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha); Zithunzi za 2) zinali osayang'aniridwa ndi matenda kapena matenda oledzera; Kuphunzira kwa 3) kunali palibe gulu lolamulira poyerekezera; Mayankho a 4) anali zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula kapena zolaula. Steele at al. ili ndi zolakwika zazikulu kotero kuti 4 yokha mwawofotokozera pamwambapa 24 ndemanga ndi ndemanga Khalani ovuta kuti muzitchule: Awiri amatsutsa ngati sayansi yosavomerezeka, pamene awiri amanena kuti kugwirizana ndi chiyanjano ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu.

8) Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwira Ntchito Ophatikizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Porn (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [chisokonezo, chizoloŵezi, ndi maulendo osagwira ntchito]. Pulogalamuyi ya Max Planck Institute inafotokoza kuti 3 yapeza njira zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula: (1) yochepa mphoto (dorsal striatum), (2) yopanda malipiro ochepa poyang'ana zithunzi za kugonana, (3). pakati pa dorsal striatum ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ofufuzawa anatanthauzira zotsatira za 3 monga chiwonetsero cha zotsatira zowonongeka kwa nthawi yaitali. Phunzirolo linati,

Izi zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro akuti kukonda kwambiri zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira zowonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chachisanu ndi chiwonongeko chokhudzana ndi kugonana.

Ponena za kuwonetseratu kosauka pakati pa PFC ndi striatum phunzirolo linati,

Kulephera kwa oyendetsa mabungwewa kwagwirizana ndi zosayenera zosankha, monga kufunafuna mankhwala, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zake zoipa

Mlembi wamkulu Simone Kühn akukamba nkhani ya Max Planck:

Timaganiza kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula amafuna kuwonjezereka kuti alandire mphotho yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu. Izi zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira.

9) Neural Correlates of Reactivity Cac Reactivity Mwa Anthu omwe ali ndi popanda popanda chilakolako chogonana (Voon et al., 2014) - [kutsegula / kuchitapo kanthu-kuyanjanitsa ndi kukhumudwitsa] Choyamba pa maphunziro a yunivesite ya Cambridge anapeza zomwezo za ubongo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolaula (CSB nkhani) monga momwe zimayendera anthu osokoneza bongo ndi zakumwa zauchidakwa. Wotsatira wofufuza Valerie Voon Adati:

Pali kusiyana pakati pa ubongo pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana komanso odzipereka. Kusiyana kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zomwe zidakali mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Voon et al., 2014 inapezanso kuti zolaula zimagwirizana chitsanzo chololedwa kufuna "izo" mochuluka, koma osakondanso "izo" panonso. Chidule:

Poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, maphunziro a CSB anali ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana kapena akufuna kufotokozera momveka bwino ndipo anali ndi chidwi chochuluka kwambiri pazinthu zowonongeka, motero kusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa kufuna ndi kukonda

Ofufuzawo anafotokoza kuti 60% ya maphunziro (okalamba a zaka: 25) anali ndi vuto pochita zinthu zowonongeka / kukwatira ndi enieni, koma akhoza kukwaniritsa zolaula. Izi zimasonyeza kuwalimbikitsa kapena kuzoloŵera. Zolemba:

Masewera a CSB adanenedwa kuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zida zogonana ... ..wadziwitsidwa mochedwa libido kapena erectile ntchito makamaka mu ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale osagwirizana ndi zolaula) ...

Masewera a CSB poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino anali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kugonana kwaukwati komanso kukhala ndi mavuto ochulukirapo erectile mu chibwenzi chogonana koma osati zogonana.

10) Kupititsa patsogolo zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kulipo mwa anthu omwe alibe ndi zovuta zogonana (popanda kugonana)Mechelmans et al., 2014) - [kutsegula / cue-reactivity] - Phunziro lachiwiri la yunivesite ya Cambridge. Chidule:

Zomwe timapeza zowonjezera chidwi ... zimasonyeza kuti zingatheke kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino pofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa za neural reactivity kwa zilakolako za kugonana m'maseŵera ofanana ndi omwe akuphatikizidwa mu maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa chilakolako chogonana ku [ zolaula]. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe taona posachedwapa kuti mavidiyo owonetsa zakugonana akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu mumtundu wa neural womwe umakhala wofanana ndi umene umapezeka mu maphunziro a zida zowonongeka. Chikhumbo chachikulu kapena chofuna kukonda kukonda chinayanjaniranso ndi ntchito mu neural network. Maphunzirowa pamodzi amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana chiphunzitso cha chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamachite zachiwerewere ku CSB.

11) Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pogonana ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pa intaneti zolaula kungathe kufotokozedwa ndi kukondweretsa (Laier et al., 2014) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza kwakukulu] - An excerpt:

Tidasanthula akazi okwanira 51 a IPU ndi azimayi 51 osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (NIPU). Pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso, tinayang'ana kuwopsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex mwachidule, komanso kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi kugonana, zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso kutha kwa zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeseza koyeserera, kuphatikiza zithunzi zolaula zana limodzi, komanso zisonyezo zakukhumba, zidachitika. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti IPU idavotera zithunzi zolaula kuti zikukondweretsa ndikuti zikulakalaka kwambiri chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula poyerekeza ndi NIPU. Kuphatikiza apo, kulakalaka, zithunzi zokopa zogonana, chidwi cha kukopeka, kugonana pamavuto, komanso kuopsa kwa zisonyezo zam'maganizo kunaneneratu mtima wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere mu IPU.

Kukhala muubwenzi, kuchuluka kwa maubwenzi ogonana, kukhutitsidwa ndi mayanjano ogonana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pa intaneti sikugwirizana ndi vuto la cybersex. Zotsatira izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ndi amuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'misomo yapitayi. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu cha kugonana, kugonana, njira zophunzirira, komanso kufunikira kwa malingaliro ndi chidwi chofuna kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex ku IPU ziyenera kukambirana.

12) Umboni Wotsutsika ndi Zopeka Zokhudza Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kugonana kwa Ogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Osokonezeka Maganizo Kuchokera Kumalingaliro Olingalira Maganizo (Laier et al., 2014) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza kwakukulu] - An excerpt:

Chikhalidwe cha chochitika chomwe chimatchedwa kuti cyber sex (CA) ndi njira zake za chitukuko chikufotokozedwa. Ntchito yapitayi imasonyeza kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha CA, pomwe kulimbikitsana ndi kuyimitsa bwinoko kumaonedwa ngati njira zofunikira za chitukuko cha CA. Mu phunziro lino, amuna a amuna osakwatirana a 155 amavomereza zithunzi zolaula za 100 ndikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana kwawo. Komanso, zizoloŵezi za CA, kukhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo cha kugonana, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosagonana mwachisawawa zinawerengedwa. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikusonyeza kuti pali zifukwa za chiopsezo cha CA ndi kupereka umboni wa ntchito yokhutiritsa kugonana ndi kuthana ndi vuto losavomerezeka pa chitukuko cha CA.

13) Zachilendo, Zochitika ndi Zosamala Zopindulitsa Pogonana (Banca et al., 2015) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza / chizolowezi / deensitization] - Phunziro lina la Cambridge University fMRI. Poyerekezera ndi olamulira omwe amamenya zolaula amakonda kukondana ndi zolaula zomwe zimayenderana. Komabe, ubongo wa zolaula umafuna kuti uzikhala mofulumira kwa mafano ogonana. Popeza kuti kukonda zachilendo sikunalipo kale, amakhulupirira kuti zolaula zimayambitsa kufunafuna zachikhalidwe pofuna kuthana ndi chizoloŵezi chokhalira ndi chizoloŵezi chosowa mtendere.

Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo (CSB) unagwirizanitsidwa ndi zokonda zapamwamba zogonana, poyerekeza ndi kuwonetsa zithunzi, ndi zofuna zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi ndalama zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zotsutsana poyerekeza ndi odzipereka odzipereka. Anthu a CSB adakhalanso ndi zizoloŵezi zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza zogonana komanso zojambulajambula zapamwamba ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chogonana. Kuyanjana ndi zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere zosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachinyengo zinkakhudzidwa ndi chidwi choyambirira cha kugonana. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti anthu a CSB ali ndi zovuta zogwirizana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana chomwe chingakhale chogwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chachikulu chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika pamodzi ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikitsa mphoto. Chidule:

Chidule Kuchokera pazofalitsa zowonjezera:

Apeza kuti pamene anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiwerewere ankawona chifaniziro chomwecho mobwerezabwereza, poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe adakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo wodziwika kuti akugwiritsanso ntchito khungu lamtundu wina, omwe amadziwika kuti akukhudzidwa ndi kuyembekezera mphoto ndikuyankha zochitika zatsopano. Izi zimagwirizana ndi 'habituation', pomwe munthu amene amamwa mowa amapeza mphotho yofanana - mwachitsanzo, akumwa khofi akhoza kumwa khofi "kuchokera ku kapu yawo yoyamba, koma pakapita nthawi amamwa mowa kwambiri, buzz akukhala.

Chizoloŵezi chomwecho chimapezeka mwa amuna abwino omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma pamene ayang'ana kanema yatsopano, mlingo wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwukweza umabwereranso kuyambirira. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti, kupeŵa chizoloŵezi, chizolowezi chogonana chiyenera kufunafuna nthawi zonse zithunzi zatsopano. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizoloŵezi chikhoza kuyendetsa kufufuza kwa zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe timapeza zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolaula pa Intaneti," akutero Dr Voon. "Sizidziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa chizoloŵezi chogonana pachiyambi ndipo mwina anthu ena amayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi ena, koma kupezeka kwapadera kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere zopezeka pa intaneti kumathandizira kudwalitsa, kuzipangitsa kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuthawa. "

14) Zogonana za Neural za Chilakolako cha Kugonana Mwa Anthu Amene Ali ndi Mavuto Otsatira Maganizo (Hypersexual Conduct)Seok & Sohn, 2015) - [zikuluzikulu zowonongeka / kutsegulira ndi machitidwe osagwira ntchito] - Chiwerengerochi cha ku FMRI cha Korea chimaphatikizapo maphunziro ena a ubongo owonetsa zolaula. Monga maphunziro a University of Cambridge, iwo adapeza njira zochotsera ubongo zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro angapo a Chijeremani, iwo adapeza kusintha kwa kondomu yoyendetsa bwino yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kusintha komwe kunachitika m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chomwe chatsopano ndi chakuti zomwe zapezazo zikugwirizana ndi machitidwe oyendetsa makina opangidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Chidziwitso chochulukirapo-kuchiyanjanitsa ndi zithunzi zogonana koma chimalepheretsa mayankho ku zovuta zina zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino. Chidule:

Kuphunzira kwathu kunkafuna kufufuza zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zithunzithunzi zokhudzana ndi maginito (fMRI). Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi 22 ali ndi zaka zowonongeka zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anitsitsa anayesedwa panthawi yomwe adawona zolaula zogonana ndi zachiwerewere. Zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa potsatira njira iliyonse yogonana. Potsutsana ndi maulamuliro, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adzipeza nthawi zambiri ndikukwaniritsa chilakolako chogonana pakakhala zovuta zogonana. Kuwongolera kwakukulu kunkapezeka mu phokoso lochepetsetsa, loperetta loperetta, loponyedwa pansi pamtunda, thalamus, ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mu gulu la PHB kusiyana ndi gulu lolamulira. Kuphatikizanso apo, njira zowonjezera zachilengedwe m'madera ochitidwawo zimasiyana pakati pa magulu. Mogwirizana ndi zofukufuku za ubongo zoganizira zochitika za khalidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe, anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe a PHB ndi chikhumbo cholimbikitsidwa chiwonetsedwanso chosinthidwa kumadera okonda mapepala ndi amtendere

15) Kusinthasintha kwa Zomwe Zidzakhala Zosangalatsa Zomwe Zitha Kuchitika Zopangira Zithunzi Zogonana mu Vuto Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Machitidwe Osagwirizana ndi "Kuledzera Kwambiri" (Prause et al., 2015) - [habituation] - Phunziro lachiwiri la EEG kuchokera Gulu la Nicole Prause. Phunziroli linafanizira maphunziro a 2013 kuchokera Steele et al., 2013 kwa gulu lenileni lolamulira (komabe linayesedwa ndi zolakwika zofanana zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira: Poyerekezera ndi machitidwe "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa zolaula zawo" anali ndi ubwino wochepa wa ubongo kumbuyo kwachiwiri pa zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. The wolemba wamkulu amati zotsatira izi "debunk zolaula." Chani wasayansi wodalirika anganene kuti phunziro lawo lokha lauchidwi ladandaula a malo ophunziridwa bwino?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapeza Prause et al. 2015 iyanjana bwino ndi Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014), omwe adapeza kuti zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Prause et al. zofufuziranso zikugwirizana ndi Banca et al. 2015 lomwe liri #13 mndandanda uwu. Komanso, maphunziro ena a EEG adapeza kuti zolaula zambiri mwa amayi zimayenderana ndi zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo uzichita zolaula. Kuwerenga kotsika kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti maphunziro sanatengere chidwi ndi zithunzi. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri sanasangalale ndi zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Iwo anali otopetsa (ozolowera kapena osakhudzidwa). Onani izi YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa. Mapepala khumi obwereza anzawo amavomereza kuti kafukufukuyu adapeza kupsinjika / malo okhala mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (zogwirizana ndi chizolowezi): Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015

Pemphero linalengeza kuti malemba ake a EEG anayesedwa "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozoloŵera. Ngakhale kuti Prause anali wolondola iye amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lachinyengo mu "malingaliro" ake: Ngakhale Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 24 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Sayansi siikuyenda ndi kuphunzira kopanda nzeru kusokonezedwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira; sayansi imapita limodzi ndi umboni waumboni (pokhapokha ngati inu zimayendetsedwa).

16) HPA Axis Dysregulation mwa Amuna Odwala Matenda a Hypersexual (Chatzittofis, 2015) - [kusagwira ntchito molimbika] - Kuphunzira ndi amuna omwe akugonjetsa amuna ndi akazi a 67 komanso maulamuliro a 39. Pulogalamu ya Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) ndizofunikira pakati pa zovuta zathu. Zizoloŵezi kusintha kusintha kwa ubongo m'madera ozungulira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Phunziroli ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito kugonana (kugonana) limapeza kusintha kwa mayankho omwe amatsutsana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zithunzi zochokera kumasindikizidwe:

Phunziroli linaphatikizapo amuna a 67 ndi matenda a hypersexual ndi 39 omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwirizana. Ophunzirawo anapeza kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso ena omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka kapena kusokonezeka kwa ana. Ofufuzawa anawapatsa mlingo wochepa wa dexamethasone usiku madzulo asanayambe kuyesedwa kuti ateteze kuvutika maganizo kwawo, ndipo m'mawa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opweteka a cortisol ndi ACTH. Iwo adapeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual anali ndi mahomoni apamwamba kuposa machitidwe abwino, kusiyana komwe kunatsalira ngakhale atayesedwa kuti asokonezeke maganizo ndi kusokonezeka kwa ana.

Pulofesa Jokinen anati: "Aberrant akupanikiza malamulo kale anali ataonedwa ndi ovutika maganizo ndi odzipha okha komanso ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo." "M'zaka zaposachedwapa, cholinga chakhalapo kuti ngati kusokonezeka kwa ana kungapangitse kusokonezeka kwa machitidwe opanikizika a thupi kudzera mwa njira zotchedwa epigenetic njira, mwa kuyankhula kwina momwe malo awo amaganizo angakhudzire majini omwe amayendetsa machitidwewa." Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti njira yomweyi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi njira ina yothetsera nkhanza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hypersexual.

17) Kuteteza kwa Prefrontal ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti: njira yophunzitsira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kafukufuku wamaganizo ndi zokhudzana ndi ubongo (Brand et al., 2015) - [machitidwe osagwira ntchito oyendetsa bwino / ntchito yosauka yolimbikitsana ndi kuwalimbikitsa] - Ndemanga:

Zogwirizana ndi izi, zotsatira za magwiridwe antchito a neuroimaging ndi kafukufuku wina wamaubongo akuwonetsa kuti kuzindikira-kukonzanso, kulakalaka, ndikupanga zisankho ndi malingaliro ofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zosokoneza bongo za pa intaneti. Zotsatira zakuchepetsa kwa oyang'anira zimayenderana ndi zizolowezi zina, monga kutchova njuga kwamatenda. Amanenanso za kutsindika kwa chodabwitsachi ngati chizolowezi, chifukwa palinso zofananira zingapo ndi zomwe zidapezeka pakudalira mankhwala. Komanso, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano zikufanana ndi zomwe zapezedwa pakufufuza kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikugogomezera kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa cybersex ndi zizolowezi zakumwa kapena zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe.

18) Kucheza ndi anthu ogonana pa Intaneti pa Intaneti: Adaption of Implicit Association Test ndi zithunzi zolaula (Snagkowski et al., 2015) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza kwakukulu] - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti komanso zosokoneza bongo ndikukangana kuti azigwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati chizolowezi. Kudalira kwambiri zinthu, mabungwe omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi gawo lofunikira, ndipo mayanjano abwinowa sanaphunzirepo pazovuta zapa cybersex, mpaka pano. Pakafukufukuyu, amuna 128 amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adatenga nawo gawo adamaliza Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) yosinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta pamavuto azakugonana, chidwi chazakugonana, zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti, komanso kulakalaka kugonja chifukwa chakuwona zithunzi zolaula adayesedwa.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa mgwirizano wazithunzi zolaula zomwe zili ndi malingaliro abwino ndi zizoloŵezi zake zokhudzana ndi zolaula zamtaneti, zovuta pa kugonana, chidwi chogonana komanso chilakolako chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikira kosinthidwa kwakanenedwa kuti anthu omwe ananenetsa zolakalaka zapamwamba ndikuwonetsa kuyanjana ndi zithunzi zolaula zokhala ndi malingaliro abwino, makamaka amakonda kuchita zachiwerewere. Zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lingachitike pakuyanjana kopanda zithunzi zolaula pakukonza ndi kusamalira chizolowezi chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano ndizofanana ndi zomwe zapezeka kuchokera kuzofufuza zamaudzu amomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndikugogomezera kuyanjana pakati pazokonda zamtaneti ndi kudalira kwa zinthu kapena zikhalidwe zina.

19) Zizindikiro za kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo angagwirizane ndi onse omwe akuyandikira ndikupewa zolaula: zotsatira za chitsanzo cha analogi ya ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti pa Intaneti (Snagkowski, et al., 2015) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza kwakukulu] - Zolemba:

Njira zina zimagwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika kapena kupezeka ndi njira zofunikira. Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza adanena kuti pakakhala chisankho chogwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa, anthu angasonyeze zizoloŵezi zoyenera kukambirana kapena kupeŵa zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere. Mu phunziro la tsopano la 123 amuna okhaokha amatha kukwaniritsa Njira Yopewera (AAT; Sakanizani ndi Becker, 2007) asinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Pa otsogolera a AAT amayenera kukakamiza zolaula kapena kuwakopera okha ndi chimwemwe. Kukhalanso ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere, ndi zizoloŵezi zakugonana ndi kugonana ndi azinyalala zinayesedwa ndi mafunso.

Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zakugonana ndi kugonana kwa azimayi amakonda kugwiritsira ntchito kapena kupeŵa zolaula zolaula. Kuwonjezera apo, kufufuza koyendetsa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kunawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi khalidwe loipa la kugonana omwe amasonyeza njira zabwino zopezera / kupeŵa, adawonetsa zizindikiro zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti. Malingaliro okhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizoloŵezi zomwe zimayendera komanso kupeŵa zingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ozunguza bongo. Kuphatikizanso, kugwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa ndi zosangalatsa za kugonana ndi khalidwe loyambitsa chiwerewere kungakhale ndi kuwonjezereka kwa madandaulo omwe ali nawo tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti. Zomwe anapezazi zikupereka umboni wowonjezereka wofanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe opatsirana pogonana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala. Kufanana kotereku kungabwererenso kumtundu wina wa maukondwerero omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti.

20) Kupitirizabe kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kusasamala za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pazochitika zambiri zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kugwiritsira ntchito mowa pa Intaneti (Schiebener et al., 2015) - [zikhumbo zazikulu / zolimbikitsa ndi olamulira oyang'anira osauka] - Excerpt:

Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti, monga zolaula, mwauchidakwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu pamoyo wawo kapena ntchito. Njira imodzi yomwe ingatsogolere ku zotsatira zoipa zingakhale zochepetsedwa kuyang'anira ulamuliro pa kuzindikira ndi khalidwe zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kuti zitheke kusintha pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito cybersex ndi ntchito zina ndi maudindo a moyo. Kuti tithetse vutoli, tafufuza otsogolera amuna omwe ali ndi 104 ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu omwe akutsogolera maofesi awiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi zithunzi za anthu, ndipo ena anali ndi zithunzi zolaula. Zonsezi ziyika zithunzizo kuti zikhale zosiyana malinga ndi zofunikira zina. Cholinga chodziwikiratu chinali kugwira ntchito pazogawa zonse ndi ndalama zofanana, mwa kusintha pakati pa ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yoyenera.

Tinawona kuti ntchito zochepa zochepa pazithunzi zambirizi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chimenechi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza kugwira ntchito pa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuchepetsa ulamuliro wotsogolera pa ntchito zambiri, pamene akukumana ndi zolaula, kungayambitse makhalidwe osayenera komanso zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana ndi azinthu zakugonana. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zogonana ndi ogonana amaoneka ngati ali ndi chizoloŵezi chopewa kapena kufotokozera zolaula, monga momwe zanenedwa muzolimbikitsa zowonongeka.

21) Kugulitsa Patapita Mtsogolo Chifukwa cha Zosangalatsa Zamakono: Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kutaya Nthawi Yopereka (Negash et al., 2015) - [olamulira oyang'anira osauka: kuyesera] - Zolemba:

Phunziro 1: Ophunzira adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yochedwetsa ku Time 1 kenako milungu inayi pambuyo pake. Ophunzira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zolaula zoyambirira adawonetsa kuchotsera kotsika kwambiri pa Time 2, kuwongolera kuchotsera koyambirira. Phunziro 2: Ophunzira omwe adapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adawonetsa kuchotsera pang'ono kuposa omwe adadya chakudya chomwe amakonda.

Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi kumachita, ngakhale pamene kugwiritsa ntchito sikumangokakamizika. Kufufuza uku kumapereka chithandizo chofunikira, kusonyeza kuti zotsatira zimapita mopitirira kanthawi kochepa.

Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kungapangitse kugonana mwamsanga koma kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomwe zimakhudza ndi kumakhudza madera ena a moyo wa munthu, makamaka maubwenzi.

Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa Intaneti ndi mphotho ya chiwerewere yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zakuthupi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tione zolaula ngati zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tipindule, tipitirize kuphunziranso, komanso kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

22) Kukondweretsa Kugonana ndi Kulimbana Kwambiri Ndikoyenera Kuletsa Kugonana kwa Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (Laier et al., 2015) - [kukhumba / kudzikuza kwakukulu] - Zolemba:

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa zawonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa kuwuma kwa cyberSex Addiction (CA) ndi chizindikiro cha kusangalala kwakugonana, ndikuti kuthana ndi zochitika zogonana kwasokoneza ubale pakati pazosangalatsa zakugonana ndi zizindikiro za CA. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa kuyimira uku ngati anyamata amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mafunso amafufuza zizindikiro za CA, kuzindikira kukhudzidwa ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zoyambitsa kugonana, zovuta za malingaliro, ndi machitidwe ogonana m'moyo weniweni komanso pa intaneti. Komanso, onse adawonera makanema olaula ndikuwonetsa zodzionetsera kuti azigonana zisanafike komanso pambuyo pa kanema.

Zotsatira zinawonetsa kulumikizana mwamphamvu pakati pa zisonyezo za CA ndi zisonyezo za kusangalatsa kwakugonana ndi chisangalalo chogonana, kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana, ndi zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. CA sichinalumikizidwe ndi machitidwe azogonana osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana mosiyana gawo pakati pa chisangalalo chogonana ndi CA. Zotsatira zake zikufanana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi omwe amachita m'mabanja am'mbuyomu ndipo zimakambidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe ena amaganiza pa CA, zomwe zimawunikira gawo lolimbikitsa ndi losalimbikitsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito cybersex.

23) Udindo wa Neuroinflammation mu Pathophysiology ya Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2016) - [Kulephera kupanikizika kwa maganizo ndi kutupa kwaukali] - Phunziroli linalongosola maulendo apamwamba ozungulira Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) omwe amawagonjetsa kugonana poyerekeza ndi kulamulira bwino. Zowonjezera za TNF (chizindikiro cha kutupa) zapezedwanso mwa anthu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinyama (alcohol, heroin, meth). Panali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa magulu a TNF ndi miyeso yoyesa kugonana.

24) Mchitidwe Wogonana Wokakamiza: Prefrontal ndi Limbic Volume ndi Kuyanjana (Schmidt et al., 2016) - [maseketi osagwira ntchito oyeserera ndikulimbikitsa] - Ili ndi kafukufuku wa fMRI. Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi za CSB (zolaula) zidakulitsa kuchuluka kwa amygdala ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa amygdala ndi dorsolateral pre mbeleal cortex DLPFC. Kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwantchito pakati pa amygdala ndi preortalal cortex yolumikizana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Amaganiziridwa kuti kulumikizana kosauka kumachepetsa mphamvu ya preortalal cortex pazomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akuchita zosokoneza. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kuwopsa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kubweretsa kuzinthu zochepa ndipo motero kumachepetsa amygdala voliyumu ya omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amygdala imagwiranso ntchito nthawi zonse pakuwonera zolaula, makamaka mukamayamba kugonana. Mwina chizolowezi chogonana nthawi zonse komanso kusaka ndi kufunafuna kumabweretsa chidwi pa amygdala mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kapenanso, zaka zolaula komanso zovuta zoyipa ndizovuta kwambiri - ndipo cKusokonezeka maganizo pakati pa anthu ndizogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa amygdala volume. Phunzirani #16 pamwambapa anapeza kuti "kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo" amakhala ndi vuto lopanikizika kwambiri. Kodi kupanikizika kosayembekezereka kungagwirizanenso ndi zolaula / kugonana ndi kugonana, komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kugonana mosiyana, zimayambitsa amygdala volume? Chidule:

Zomwe tikupeza panopa zikuwunikira zowonjezereka mu dera lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi zolimbikitsana ndi zochepetsetsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsa makampani otsogolera otsogolera olamulira. Kusokonezeka kwa malo oterewa kungathe kufotokozera njira zowonongeka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu lachilengedwe likhale lopanda malipiro kapena kuti zikhale zolimbikitsa kuti zikhale zolimbikitsa. Ngakhale kuti zofuna zathu zapadera zikusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu SUD, izi zotsatilazi zingagwirizane ndi kusiyana kwa mankhwala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Umboni wotsutsa ukuwonetsa kuthekera komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya mowa makamaka kumathandizira ziphunzitso zolimbikitsa. Ife tawonetsa kuti ntchitoyi muzithunzithunzi zolimbazi ndizowonjezeredwa pambuyo poyang'ana kwa olemera kwambiri kapena osankhidwa kuti azifotokoza zogonana [Brand et al., 2016; Seok ndi Sohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014] komanso kukhala ndi chidwi chambiri [Mechelmans et al., 2014] ndikukhumba zokhudzana ndi kugonana koma osati chilakolako chogonana chogonana [Brand et al., 2016; Voon et al., 2014].

Kuwonetsetsa kwakukulu pamitu yachiwerewere kumalumikizananso ndi zokonda pazikhalidwe zachiwerewere zomwe zimatsimikizira mgwirizano pakati pa zikhalidwe zakugonana komanso chidwi cha anthu [Banca et al., 2016]. Zotsatira za ntchito zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimasiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zachitika (kapena zosangalatsa zosagonjetsedwa) zomwe zizoloŵezi zowonjezereka, mwinamwake zogwirizana ndi lingaliro la kulekerera, zimachulukitsa zokonda zogonana zogonana [Banca et al., 2016]. Zonsezi zomwe zapeza zikuthandizira kuthetsa vuto la sayansi ya sayansi ya chilengedwe la CSB kutsogolera kumvetsetsa kwambiri za matendawa ndi kuzindikira momwe angathere odwala.

25) Ntchito ya Ventral Striatum Pamene Kuonera Zojambula Zosangalatsa Zithunzi Zili Zogwirizana ndi Zizindikiro za Kuonera Zolaula za pa Intaneti (Brand et al., 2016) - [kukumbukira kwambiri / kuchititsa chidwi] - Chiwerengero cha German fMRI. Kupeza #1: Ntchito yapakatikati ya mphoto (ventral striatum) inali yapamwamba kwa zithunzi zolaula zosankhika. Kupeza #2: Ventral striatum reactivity yogwirizana ndi chiwerewere cha kugonana kwa intaneti. Zotsatira ziwirizi zikuwonetseratu kulimbikitsa ndikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Olembawo akunena kuti "Neural maziko a zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti zikufanana ndi zoledzeretsa zina." Chidule:

Mtundu wina wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti anthu azionera zolaula komanso amaonerera zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wa Neuroimaging anapeza zochitika zowonongeka pamene anthu adayang'ana zolaula zakugonana poyerekeza ndi zochitika zogonana zogonana. Ife tsopano tikuganiza kuti ventral striatum iyenera kuyankha pa zolaula zosakondedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizikukondedwa ndi kuti zochitika za ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zowononga zolaula za pa Intaneti. Tinaphunzira ophunzira a 19 amuna amodzi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi chithunzi paradigm kuphatikizapo zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizinafune.

Zithunzi zochokera m'gulu losankhika zinayesedwa ngati zowonjezera, zosasangalatsa, komanso zoyenera. Yankho la Ventral striatum linali lolimba kwa chikhalidwe chochepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosakondedwa. Ntchito yotchedwa Ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku inagwirizanitsidwa ndi zidziwitso zodzionetsera zolaula za pa Intaneti. Chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa chidziwitso chidali chokhacho chodziwika bwino pakuyesa kutsutsana ndi kuyanjana kwachidziwitso monga zokhudzana ndi zizoloŵezi zowononga zolaula, zachidwi zokhudzana ndi kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere, kupsinjika maganizo, kukhudzidwa kwachinsinsi, ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere m'masiku otsiriza monga otsogolera . Zotsatira zimathandizira udindo wa ventral striatum pokonzekera mphotho kuyembekezera ndi kukondweretsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi zofuna zolaula zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Njira zothandizira mphotho zowonongeka zowonjezereka zingathandize kuti pakhale mafotokozedwe a neural omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ena azikonda komanso kugonana ali pachiopsezo choti asayambe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.

26) Kukonzekera Kowonjezereka ndi Neural Kulumikizana M'maganizo Omwe Ali ndi Magwiridwe Ogonana (Klucken et al., 2016) - [zikuluzikulu zowonongeka / kutsegulira ndi machitidwe osagwira ntchito] - Chiwerengero ichi cha ku Germany cha FMRI chinafotokozera zotsatira ziwiri zazikulu kuchokera Voon et al., 2014 ndi Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Zotsatira Zazikulu: Ma neural correlates okhutira ndi kulumikizana kwa neural adasinthidwa mgulu la CSB. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, kusintha koyamba - kukulitsa kutsegulira kwa amygdala - kumatha kuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta ("kulumikizana" kwakukulu pamalingaliro omwe sanalowererepo akuneneratu za zolaula). Kusintha kwachiwiri -kuchepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa ventral striatum ndi preortal cortex - itha kukhala chodetsa cholephera kuthana ndi zikhumbo.

Ofufuzawo anati, "[Zosinthazi] zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wina wofufuza zamitsempha yolumikizana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto losokoneza bongo." Zotsatira zakuthandizira kwakukulu kwa amygdalar ku cues (kulimbikitsa) ndipo adachepetsa kugwirizanitsa pakati pa malo opatsa malipiro ndi prefrontal cortex (chinyengo) ndi ziwiri za ubongo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizovuta. Kuonjezerapo, 3 ya osuta zolaula za 20 amavutika ndi matenda a "orgasmic-erection".

Mwachidziwitso, ntchitoyi inachulukitsa ntchito ya amygdala ndipo kugwirizanitsa kwa PFC kumaphatikizapo mfundo zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi matenda a CSB. Anthu omwe ali ndi CSB amawoneka kuti amatha kukhala ndi mayanjano pakati pa machitidwe osalowerera ndale komanso zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe. Choncho, nkhanizi zikukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe loyandikira. Kaya izi zikutsogolera CSB kapena zotsatira za CSB ziyenera kuyankhidwa ndi kufufuza kobwerako. Kuonjezerapo, njira zowonongeka za malamulo, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi kugwirizanitsa kwazomwe zimakhala zovuta, zimathandizira kukonzanso khalidwe lovuta.

27) Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito mokakamizidwa Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Banca et al., 2016) - [kuwonjezeka kwakukulu / kuyanjanitsa, kuyanjanitsidwa kwabwino] - Kafukufukuyu wa Cambridge University fMRI akuyerekeza ndi zovuta za oledzera, odyera, ochita masewera a pakompyuta ndi ophwanya malamulo (CSB). Zolemba:

Mosiyana ndi zovuta zina, CSB poyerekeza ndi HV inasonyeza kupeza mwamsanga kwa zotsatira za mphotho pamodzi ndi chipiriro chachikulu mu chikhalidwe cha mphotho mosasamala za zotsatira. Nkhani za CSB sizinapangitse vuto linalake lokhazikika pa maphunziro osinthika kapena kusintha. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tafufuza kale kuti tipeze zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena zotsatira zachuma, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kulimbikitsidwa kwapindulitsa (Banca et al., 2016). Maphunziro ena pogwiritsa ntchito mphoto zofunikira amasonyezedwa.

28) Kukonda Kwambiri Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kuphunzira Kugwirizana Kulosera Zomwe Zimayendera Kulimbana ndi Kugonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Omwe Amagwiritsira Ntchito Kugonana ndi Anthu Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti pa Intaneti.Snagkowski et al., 2016) - [chidziwitso chochulukirapo / chidziwitso, kuyanjanitsidwa kwabwino] - Phunziro lapaderali linapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osalowerera ndale, zomwe zinaneneratu kuti zithunzi zolaulazo zidzawonekera. Zolemba:

Palibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito matendawa. Ena amayandikira kufanana ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphunzira ndizofunika kwambiri. Mu phunziro ili, amuna a 86 amodzi amamaliza kugonana ndi Standard Pavlovian kupita ku Chida Choyendetsa Chosakanizidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula kuti afufuze maphunziro oyanjana pa chiwerewere. Kuonjezerapo, chilakolako chofuna kugonana chifukwa choonerera zithunzi zolaula ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi machitidwe a zogonana ndi azimayi. Zotsatira zinasonyeza zotsatira za chilakolako chofuna kukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuphunzira.

Zambiri, izi zikuwunikira gawo lofunikira pakuphunzitsidwa kophatikizana ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex, pomwe zikuwunikira umboni winanso wamphamvu wofanana pakati pa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi vuto la cybersex. Mwachidule, zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti kuphunzira kophatikizana kumatha kutenga gawo lofunikira pokhudzana ndi kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex. Zomwe tapeza zimapereka umboni wina wofanana pakati pa kusuta kwa bongo la cybersex ndi kudalira zinthu chifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chofuna kuphunzira komanso kuyanjana ndi maphunziro.

29) Kusintha kwa thupi pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za pa Intaneti-zolaula-kuyang'ana matenda (Laier & Mtundu, 2016) - [kukhumba / kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, zosakondeka] - Zowonjezera:

Zotsatira zazikulu za kafukufukuyu ndikuti zizolowezi zowonera zolaula pa intaneti (IPD) zimalumikizidwa ndikumverera bwino, kudzuka, kukhazikika komanso kulimba mtima ndikudziwona kupsinjika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti potengera kufunafuna chisangalalo komanso kupewa kukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi za IPD zinali zokhudzana kwambiri ndi malingaliro asanafike komanso pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti komanso kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwakhazikika komanso bata.

Chiyanjano pakati pa zizolowezi za IPD ndi chisangalalo chofunafuna chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti chidawongoleredwa ndikuwunika kukhutira komwe kumachitika. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira za phunziroli zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti IPD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilimbikitso chofuna kukhutiritsa kugonana ndikupewa kapena kuthana ndi kukhumudwa komanso kuganiza kuti kusintha kosintha pakutsata zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 ndi Laier ndi Brand, 2014).

30) Achinyamata akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kugonana: Maubwenzi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, omwe amachititsa khalidwe lawo, komanso osadziŵa zamaganizo (2016) - [osowa ntchito oyendetsa bwino] - Anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana (PSB) anawonetsa zolakwika zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti ndi osauka mkulu wogwira ntchito (chinyengo) chimene chiri ubongo wamakono wochitika mumayendedwe osokoneza bongo. Zina mwazidule:

Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chomwe mwapeza ndikuti PSB ikuwonetsa mayanjano akuluakulu omwe ali ndi zinthu zosafunikira, kuphatikizapo kudzichepetsa, kuchepa kwa moyo, kukwera kwa BMI, ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mavuto ambiri ...

... N'zotheka kuti zigawo zachipatala zotchulidwa mu gulu la PSB kwenikweni zimakhala zotsatira za masukulu akuluakulu omwe amapangitsa onse awiriwa kukhala ndi ziwalo zina zachipatala. Chinthu chimodzi chimene chingathandize kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yochepa kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka mu gulu la PSB, makamaka zomwe zikukhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito, kukumbukira / kuwongolera, komanso kupanga chisankho. Kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ichi, ndizotheka kufufuza mavuto omwe amawoneka mu PSB ndi zina zowonjezereka, monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi ...

Ngati mavuto amalingaliro omwe atchulidwa mu ndondomekoyi ndizofunikira kwambiri za PSB, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri zachipatala.

31) Methylation ya HPA Axis Zobadwa Zina mwa Amuna Ndi Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen et al., 2017) - [kusokonezeka maganizo maganizo, kusintha kwa epigenetic] - Izi ndizotsatira #16 pamwambapa omwe anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito kugonana kuli ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo - chinthu chachikulu cha neuro-endocrine chosinthika chifukwa cha kuledzera. Kafukufuku wamakono anapeza kusintha kwa epigenetic pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a anthu komanso kuwonongera kwambiri. Ndi kusintha kwa epigenetic, Mndandanda wa DNA sukusinthika (monga zimachitikira ndi kusintha). M'malomwake, jini ndilo ndipo mawu ake akukwera kapena pansi (kanema yaifupi yomwe ikufotokoza epigenetics). Kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kunachitika mu phunziro lino kunapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa CRF ntchito. CRF ndi khunyu ndi mahomoni zomwe zimayambitsa makhalidwe oipa monga zokhumba, ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu mu zizindikiro zambiri za kuchotsedwa zomwe zakhudzana nazo katundu ndi zizoloŵezi zamakhalidwekuphatikizapo zolaula.

32) Kufufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa mawu ogonana pa gulu la anthu ogonana okhaokha (Albery ndi al., 2017) - [chidziwitso chochulukirapo / chidziwitso, kukhumudwa] - Phunziroli likufotokozera zomwe zapezeka phunziro la University of 2014 Cambridge, zomwe zimayerekezera chidwi chazolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisamalira bwino. Izi ndi zomwe zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adalumikiza "zaka zakugonana" ndi 1) kuchuluka kwa anthu ogonana komanso 2) zotsatira zakukondera.

Mwa iwo omwe amalimbirana kwambiri ndi zachiwerewere, zaka zochepa zakugonana zinali zogwirizana ndi kukondera kwambiri (ndondomeko yowonongeka). Kugonana kwakukulu kwambiri kumakhala ndi zaka zambiri zochepa zogonana / zizindikiro zazikulu zowonongeka (kutchuka kwambiri, kapena kusokoneza). Koma kusamalitsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kumatha zaka zambiri zogonana. Olembawo anatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti zaka zambiri za "kugonana mokakamiza" zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chochulukirapo. Chidule kuchokera kumapeto:

Kulongosola komwe kungachitike pazotsatira izi ndikuti pamene munthu yemwe akukakamiza kugonana agwiritse ntchito njira yokakamiza kwambiri, template yokondweretsa yomwe ikugwirizana imayamba [36-38] ndikuti pakapita nthawi, machitidwe owonjezereka amafunikira kuti gawo lomwelo likwaniritsidwe. Amanenanso kuti munthu akamachita zinthu mokakamiza kwambiri, ma neuropathways amakakamizidwa kukhala ndizolimbikitsa kapena zithunzi zokhazika mtima ndipo anthu amatembenukira ku zoyeserera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yowonetsa kuti amuna 'abwinobwino' amakhala ndi zokondweretsa pakapita nthawi ndipo izi zimadziwika ndi mayankho achilendo komanso kusangalatsa [39].

Izi zikusonyeza kuti omwe akukakamiza kwambiri, omwe akuchita zachiwerewere amakhala 'olobodoka' kapena alibe chidwi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kugonana mwakuthupi ndipo chifukwa cha izi adatsitsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamira kwambiri komanso omwe sazindikira zambiri chifukwa zoyambitsidwa zimawonetsa chidwi chodziwikiratu.

33) Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Yogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Osagonana Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo pa Kuonera Video Yowonongeka (Messina ndi al., 2017) - [Osauka bwino ntchito, okhumba / kukhudzidwa] - Kuwonetsa zolaula kunakhudza akulu omwe amagwira ntchito mwa amuna omwe ali ndi "chizoloŵezi chogonana," koma osati kulamulira bwino. Otsogolera osauka akamachita zinthu zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo (kutanthauza zonse kusintha maulendo oyendetsa ndi kulimbikitsa). Zolemba:

Zomwe akupezazi zikuwonetseratu kusinthika kwa chidziwitso pambuyo pa kukondana ndi kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu ogonana nawo. Deta iyi imachirikiza lingaliro lakuti amuna opondereza anzawo sagwiritse ntchito mwayi wophunzira kuchokera ku zochitika, zomwe zingachititse kusintha kusintha kwa khalidwe. Izi zikhoza kumvekanso monga kusowa kwa chidziwitso ndi gulu lochita zachiwerewere pamene adakakamizidwa kugonana, mofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya chiwerewere, zomwe zimayambira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana, potsatira chiwonetsero cha kugonana malemba komanso kenako, nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta.

34) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zingakhale Zosintha? Phunziro la FMRI la Amuna Amene Akufuna Chithandizo cha Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito (Gola et al., 2017) - [kuwonjezereka kwakukulu / kuyanjanitsa, kuyanjanitsidwa kwabwino] - Kufufuza kwa fMRI komwe kumaphatikizapo zochitika zosiyana-siyana zomwe poyamba sizinalowererepozo zinaneneratu kuti ziwonetsero zowonongeka zimachitika. Zolemba:

Amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula (popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala) (PPU) amasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe a ubongo pofuna kutchula zithunzi zolaula, koma osati mmaganizo a zithunzi zolaula okha, mogwirizana ndi chilimbikitso cha zizoloŵezi zoledzeretsa. Kukonzekera kwa ubongo uku kunaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa khalidwe kuti muwone zithunzi zolaula (zapamwamba 'zofuna'). Vuto loyambanso kugwiritsira ntchito vesili pofuna kufotokozera zithunzi zolimbitsa thupi zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi kuopsa kwa PPU, kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sabata ndi chiwerengero cha maliseche. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga kumayambitsa njira zodzikakamiza ndi khalidwe labwino zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chidziwitso cha ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimakhudza zofunika kwambiri ku PPU. Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti PPU ikhoza kuwonetsa khalidwe lachiwerewere komanso kuti njira zothandizira kuwongolera khalidwe labwino ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo zogwirizana ndi kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuthandiza amuna omwe ali ndi PPU.

35) Njira Zozindikira ndi Zopanda Kumvetsetsa: Kodi Zimathetsa Nthawi Zambiri Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito? (Kunaharan et al., 2017) - [chizolowezi kapena kukhumudwitsa] - Kafukufuku adawunika mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuwerengera kwa EEG & Kuyankha koyambira) kuzithunzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakopa chidwi - kuphatikiza kutulutsa zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kusiyana kwamitsempha pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi. Zolemba:

Zakafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti ntchito yowonongeka yowonongeka ikuwoneka kukhala ndi mphamvu pa ubongo wosadziŵa mayankho ku zokopa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamasonyezedwe ndi kudziwonetsera koyera.

4.1. Mafotokozedwe Owonetsa: Zokondweretsa, gulu lalikulu logwiritsira ntchito zolaula limaonetsa zithunzi zolaula ngati zosasangalatsa kuposa gulu logwiritsira ntchito. Olembawo amati izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha "zithunzi zolaula" zomwe zili m'mabuku a IAPS osapereka momwe angafunire, monga momwe adawonetseredwa ndi Harper ndi Hodgins [58] kuti ndikuwonera zolaula pafupipafupi, anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amakwera ndikuwonera zinthu zowonjezereka kuti akhale olimba mofananamo.

Gulu la "lokondweretsa" lidawona kuti magulu onse atatuwo ali ofanana ndipo gulu lalikulu limagwiritsa ntchito zithunzizo kukhala zosasangalatsa pang'ono kuposa magulu ena. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zithunzi "zabwino" zomwe zawonetsedwa kuti sizikulimbikitsa anthu omwe ali mgululi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza pafupipafupi kudzikongoletsa kwakuthupi pakukonzekera kukhutira kwamtundu chifukwa cha zochitika zokhala mwa anthu omwe amakonda kudziwa zolaula [3, 7, 8]. Ndizogwirizana ndi olemba kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kuwerengera zotsatira zomwe zachitika.

4.3. Sewerola la Reflective Reflex (SRM): Chiwerengero chokwanira cha amplitude startle effect chikuwonetsedwa m'magulu otsika ndi osakaniza omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito magulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi omwe ali mu gulu mwachindunji kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chifukwa angaone kuti ndi zosasangalatsa. Zotsatira zake zowonjezera, zotsatira zomwe zatulukanso zingakhale chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi, zomwe anthu m'magulu awa amawonera zolaula kuposa momwe adazifotokozera-mwina chifukwa cha manyazi pakati pa ena, monga momwe zizoloŵezi zimasonyezera kuwonjezera mayendedwe a maso osokoneza maganizo [41, 42].

36) Kuwonetsera Kulimbikitsa Kugonana Kumapangitsa Kulipira Kwambiri Kwambiri Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri mu Kugonjetsedwa Kwachinyengo pakati pa Amuna (Cheng & Chiou, 2017) - [ntchito zovuta zogwira ntchito, zovuta zowonongeka - kuyesa kuyesa] - Mu maphunziro awiri omwe amachititsa kuti: 1) yachedwetsedwe kuchepetsa (zosatheka kuchepetsa kukondweretsa), 2) chilakolako chachikulu chochita chiwerewere, 3) chachikulu Kufuna kugula katundu wonyenga ndi kusokoneza akaunti ya winawake. Kuphatikizidwa izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kukhumba mtima ndipo kungachepetse ntchito zina zapamwamba (kudziletsa, chiweruzo, zotsatira zowoneratu, kuwongolera). Chidule:

Nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukakamiza kugonjetsa kugonana kungachititse kuti munthu asamangokhalira kuchita chidwi ndi amuna, monga momwe amachitira poyerekeza ndi nthawi yambiri (mwachitsanzo, chizoloŵezi chofuna kuchepa, kuchepa msanga kwa anthu akuluakulu, amtsogolo).

Pomalizira, zotsatira zamakono zimasonyeza kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula (mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa zithunzi za akazi okongola kapena zovala zowononga zakugonana) ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa amuna pa zolakwika za cyber. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kusayirira ndi kudziletsa kwa amuna, monga kuwonetseredwa ndi kuchotsera nthawi, kumakhala kolephera kuthetsa chilakolako chogonana. Amuna angapindule ndi kuwunika ngati zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimakhudzana ndi zosankha zawo ndi khalidwe lawo loipa. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kukomana ndi kugonana kungayesetse amuna pamsewu wa kuphulika kwa cyber

Zotsatira zamakono zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa zolaula pa Intaneti kungakhale koyenderana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachinyengo la amuna kuposa momwe timaganizira poyamba.

37) Zotsatila za (Zosokoneza) Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti Kugonana mwachangu: Udindo wa khalidwe lolimbikitsa kugonana ndi njira yeniyeni Zomwe zimayendera pazogonana (Stark et al., 2017) - [zikuluzikulu zowonjezera / kukhudzidwa / zikhumbo] - Zowonjezera:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuzira ngati zofuna zogonana ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndizo zowonongeka za mavuto omwe SEM amagwiritsa ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana SEM. Poyesera, tinagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yopewera (AAT) pofuna kuyesa njira zogonana zogonana. Kulumikizana bwino pakati pa njira yoyenera yowonekera ku SEM komanso nthawi yomwe yakhala ikuwonetsetsa SEM ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zotsatira zake: Njira yodalirika yowonjezereka ingathe kutanthauzidwa ngati chisamaliro choyang'ana kwa SEM. Nkhani yomwe ili ndi chidwi chenicheni ichi ikhoza kukopeka kwambiri ndi kugonana pa intaneti yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo a SEM.

38) Zithunzi zolaula zolaula zogwiritsa ntchito njira ya neurophysiological computational approach (Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Chidule:

Papepala lino, njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha ubongo kuchokera kumbali yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito EEG ikufunsidwa kuti muwone ngati wophunzirayo akhoza kukhala ndi zizolowezi zolaula kapena ayi. Zimakhala ngati njira yowonjezera ya mafunso ovomerezeka a maganizo. Zotsatira zowonetsera zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi mafilimu otsika a alpha m'madera ozungulira ubongo poyerekeza ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitha kuwonetsedwa pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Bungwe la theta likuwonetsanso kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa addicted and non-addicted. Komabe, kusiyana kuli kosaoneka ngati alpha band.

39) Kusokonekera kwakukulu kwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndikusintha kugwirizana kwa boma mu grey yapamwamba pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere (Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [kuchepa kwa vuto la imvi pakatikati kathupi, kulumikizana kochita bwino pakati pa temportex ndi precuneus & caudate] - Kafukufuku wa fMRI poyerekeza kuyerekezera mozama omwe ali ndi vuto logonana ("zovuta zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere") kuti athe kuwongolera mitu yoyenerera. Poyerekeza ndi owongolera omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana anali ndi: 1) adachepetsa imvi m'masamba akanthawi kochepa (zigawo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zoletsa zogonana); 2) yochepetsera precuneus ku temporortortal yolumikizira yolumikizira (itha kuwonetsa zachilendo pakutha kusintha chidwi); 3) kuchepetsedwa kwa caudate mpaka temporortort yolumikizana yolumikizira (kungalepheretse kuwongolera kwapamwamba pazoyenda). Zolemba:

Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zowonongeka pakati pa gyrus ndi nthawi yothandizira pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonongeko cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka gyrus kungakhale mbali zina za PHB ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatiridwa ndi matenda a PHB.

Kukula kwakukulu kofunikira mu taniyoni yoyenera ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matayala a mbali ya kumanzere ndi STG yakumanzere anawonedwanso .... Choncho, nkotheka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa imvi nkhani ndi kuyanjana kwa ntchito mu cerebellum kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi cha anthu omwe ali ndi PHB.

Mwachidule, VBM yamakono ndi phunziro loyanjanitsa ntchito likuwonetsa zofooka zazikulu ndikusintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito mu grey ya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Chofunika kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa PHB. Zotsatirazi zimapereka ndondomeko yatsopano mu njira zowonongeka za mpweya wa PHB.

40) Zizolowezi zoonera zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito vuto: Zosiyana ndi amuna ndi akazi zokhudzana ndi zolaula (Pekal et al., 2018) - [cue reactivity / sensitization, zolimbikitsa]. Zolemba:

 Olemba angapo amaganiza kuti zolaula-paintaneti-kugwiritsa ntchito vuto (IPD) ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zaphunziridwa mwakhama pazovuta zamagulu osokoneza bongo komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chazinthu zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Zosokoneza chidwi zimafotokozedwa ngati njira zakuzindikira zamaganizidwe amunthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazomwe zimayambitsa chidwi cha zomwe zidachitikazo. Zimaganiziridwa mu mtundu wa I-PACE kuti mwa anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiritso za IPD kuzindikira konse komanso kuzindikira-kuyambiranso ndikukhumba kumawuka ndikuwonjezeka pakukonda. Kuti tifufuze zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha IPD, tidasanthula zitsanzo za amuna ndi akazi a 174. Kukonda chidwi kunayesedwa ndi Visual Probe Task, pomwe ophunzirawo amayenera kuchitapo kanthu pamivi yomwe imawonekera pambuyo pazithunzi zolaula kapena zosalowerera ndale.

Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzira adayenera kuwonetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achite zachiwerewere zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi zopita ku IPD zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwapafupi kwa Internetsex Addiction. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikuwonetsa ubale pakati pa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa IPD pang'ono pakati ndi zizindikiro za kukhumbira komanso kusilira. Ngakhale abambo ndi amayi nthawi zambiri amasiyana munthawi zoyenera chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula, kuwunika kosawerengeka kumawonetsera kuti kusamalana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono mwakugonana pogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za IPD. Zotsatirazi zimathandizira kulingalira kwa mtundu wa I-PACE pokhudzana ndi kupendekera kwazinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro omwe amafotokoza za kukonzanso komanso kufunafuna zovuta zamavuto osokoneza bongo.

41) Zosintha za Prefrontal ndi Zochepa Parietal Activity Pa Ntchito ya Stroop mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Vuto la Kusokonezeka kwa Hypersexual (Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [Woyang'anira wamkulu wosauka- magwiridwe antchito a PFC]. Zolemba:

Umboni wowonjezereka ukusonyeza mgwirizano pakati pamavuto oopsa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (PHB) ndikuchepetsa kuwongolera. Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB amawonetsa kusokonekera; Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi njira zamkati zomwe zimayendetsa utsogoleri wa PHB. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ma neural correlates aulamuliro wamkulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndikuwongolera athanzi pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zogwirizana ndi zochitika zamagetsi (fMRI).

Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi ochita nawo machitidwe oyendetsa bwino a 22 adachita fMRI akugwira ntchito ya Stroop. Nthawi yankho ndi zolakwika zinayezedwa ngati zisonyezo za oyang'anira. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ndi kutsitsa kuyendetsa kumanja kwa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ndi infariary parietal cortex wokhudzana ndi zowongolera zathanzi panthawi ya ntchito ya Stroop. Kuphatikiza apo, mayankho odalirika a okosijeni m'magawo awa anali ogwirizana ndi zovuta za PHB. DLPFC yoyenera ndi parietal cortex yotsika imalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chazidziwitso zapamwamba komanso chidwi chowonera, motsatana. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB achepetsa kuwongolera kwa chiwongolero ndikuchepa kwa ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera komanso parietal cortex yotsika, ndikupereka neural maziko a PHB.

42) Makhalidwe ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe pakati pa amuna ndi chizoloŵezi cha pa Intaneti-zolaula-ntchito matenda (Antons & Mtundu, 2018) - [zolakalaka zolimbikitsidwa, kusakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu]. Zolemba:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha intaneti-zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito matenda (IPD). Makamaka amuna omwe ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri komanso chikhalidwe chosafuna kudziwika pa zochitika zolaula za ntchito yoimitsa chizindikiro komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za IPD.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zonse zikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko zimakhala ndi mbali yofunikira pakukula kwa IPD. Malingana ndi mafanizo awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito osokoneza, zotsatira zingakhale zisonyezero za kusamvetseka pakati pa zochitika zosaoneka ndi zooneka zomwe zingayambitsidwe ndi zolaula. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti asayambe kugwiritsira ntchito Intaneti, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kuti zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

43) Makhalidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zosiyana zimasiyanitsa pakati pa zosangalatsa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti (Stephanie et al., 2019) - [zolakalaka zowonjezereka, kuchepetsedwa kocheperako (kudzipangamira), chizoloŵezi]. Zowonjezera:

Chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lopindulitsa kwambiri, zithunzi zolaula za pa Intaneti (IP) zimakonzedweratu chifukwa cha makhalidwe oipa. Zomangamanga zokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwadzidzidzi zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizo zopangitsa anthu kukhala ndi makhalidwe oipa. Phunziro ili, tinkafufuza zizoloŵezi zopanda chidwi (khalidwe lodzikonda, kuchepetsa kuchepetsa, ndi chizolowezi chozindikira), kukhumba ku IP, maganizo okhudza IP, ndi kugonjera mafashoni mwa anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito IP, nthawi zosangalatsa, komanso zosagwirizana. Magulu a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zosangalatsa (n = 333), zosangalatsa - kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi (n = 394), ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosalamulira (n = 225) ya IP idadziwika ndi zida zowunikira.

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosalamulirika adawonetsa zambiri zakulakalaka, chidwi, chidwi chochepetsera, komanso kuthana ndi zovuta, komanso zotsika kwambiri zothana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndikusowa kuzindikira. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti zina mwa zinthu zosakhudzidwa ndi zina monga kulakalaka komanso malingaliro olakwika ndizodziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito IP osalamulira. Zotsatira zake ndizofanananso ndi mitundu yazovuta zina zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso zizolowezi zawo ....

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito IP osagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika anali ndi malingaliro oyipa pa IP poyerekeza ndi ochita zosangalatsa. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti anthu omwe sagwiritsa ntchito IP yosagwirizana amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu kapena amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi malingaliro oyipa ogwiritsira ntchito IP, mwina chifukwa akumana ndi kale zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira yawo yogwiritsira ntchito IP. Izi ndizogwirizana ndi malingaliro olimbikitsaBerridge & Robinson, 2016), zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kuchoka kulakalaka kufunafuna nthawi yovuta.

Chotsatira china chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwake kwazomwe zimachitika poyesera nthawi yayitali pa mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito osangalala, anali oposa poyerekeza ndi mafupipafupi pa sabata. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IP osagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka amakhala ndi mavuto kusiya kuyang'ana IP panthawi ya gawo kapena akusowa nthawi yochuluka kuti akwaniritse mphoto yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mawonekedwe a kulekerera muzovuta za mankhwala. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zochokera ku ndondomeko ya diary, zomwe zasonyeza kuti zolaula zolaula ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ochizira anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zakugonana (Masewera a Wordecha et al., 2018).

44) Pezani zokonda za ana asukulu za ukoleji omwe amagonana amuna okhaokha omwe amagonana ndi zolaula (Skyler et al., 2019) - [kukondera kopitilira muyeso (kulimbikitsa)]. Zolemba:

Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti ophunzira achimuna aku koleji omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafulumira kuyandikira kuposa kupewa zoyeserera pa ntchito ya AAT… .. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito zingapo za SRC zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo amayamba kuchitapo kanthu m'malo mwake koposa kupewa zoyeserera (Bradley et al., 2004; Field et al., 2006, 2008).

Ponseponse, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti njira yothanirana ndi zosokoneza bongo ikhoza kukhala yankho mwachangu kapena lokonzekera kuposa kupewa, komwe kungafotokozeredwe ndimasewera azikhalidwe zina zosokoneza bongo .. .. Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri pa BPS zinali zogwirizana ndi njira zambiri zokondera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala kolimba, njira yolowera kukakamiza zolaula. Mgwirizanowu udathandizidwanso ndi zotsatira zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula, monga momwe adalembedwera ndi PPUS, adawonetsa zoposa 200% njira zoyeserera zolimbikitsa zolaula poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe zovuta zolaula.

Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zotsatira zimasonyeza kufanana pakati pa mankhwala ndi zizolowezi za makhalidwe (Grant et al., 2010). Zithunzi zolaula (makamaka ntchito zovuta) zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zofulumira zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere kusiyana ndi zosakhudzidwa, zosayanjanitsika zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabvuto ogwiritsa ntchito mowa (Field et al., 2008; Wiers et al., 2011), kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Cousijn et al., 2011; Field et al., 2006), ndi vuto la kugwiritsira ntchito fodya (Bradley et al., 2004). Zomwe zimagwirizana pakati pa zidziwitso ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito matenda a ubongo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinthu zonse zoledzeretsa ndi zovuta zolaula zikuwoneka zikuwoneka, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitayi (Kowalewska et al., 2018; Stark et al., 2018).

45) Hypermethylation -okhudzana ndi kukomoka kwa microRNA-4456 mu vuto la hypersexual ndi chiwonetsero chokwanira pa kusaina kwa oxytocin: Kuwunika kwa methylation ya DNA ya majini a miRNA (Bostrom neri Al., 2019) - [mwina vuto losagwira ntchito]. Phunzirani pamitu yomwe ili ndi vuto lachiwerewere (zolaula / zolaula) lipoti kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumafanana ndi zomwe zimachitika mwauchidakwa. Kusintha kwa epigenetic kunachitika m'mitundu yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosolo la oxytocin (lomwe ndilofunika mchikondi, kulumikizana, kuledzera, kupsinjika, magwiridwe antchito, etc.). Zolemba:

Mu kusanthula kwa DNA methylation m'magazi otumphukira, timazindikira ma CpG-malo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi MIR708 ndi MIR4456 omwe ali osiyana kwambiri ndi methylated mu hypersexuality disorder (HD) odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwonetsa kuti hsamiR- 4456 yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi methylation locus cg01299774 imasungidwa modabwitsa pakudalira kwa mowa, kuwonetsa kuti ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonetsedwa mu HD.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa njira yotsatsira oxytocin yomwe yadziwika mu phunziroli ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi chidwi kwambiri mu zambiri zomwe zimafotokozera HD monga momwe Kafka et al. [1], monga kukakamiza chilakolako chogonana, kukakamizidwa, kukakamizidwa komanso (kugonana).

Pomaliza, MIR4456 ili ndi mawu otsika kwambiri mu HD. Phunziro lathu limapereka umboni kuti DNA methylation ku cg01299774 locus imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwa MIR4456. MRR iyi imawunikira majini omwe amasonyezedwa mwapadera mu minyewa ya mu ubongo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu ma cell akuluakulu am'mitsempha yama cell omwe amaganiza kuti ndi othandiza pa pathogenesis ya HD. Zotsatira zathu kuchokera pakufufuza kosinthika mu epigenome kumathandizira kuwonjezera kuwunikira kwamabungwe obisika kusala kwa pathophysiology ya HD ndikutsindika kwapadera pa MIR4456 ndi udindo wake mu oxytocin regulation.

46) Makulidwe amtundu wamakulidwe amasiyana pakukhudzidwa kwamphamvu ndi zovuta zamavuto (Draps neri Al., 2020) - [hypofrontaility: adatsitsa preortalal cortex & anterior cingate cortex imvi). Zolemba:

Apa timasiyanitsa magwiridwe am'mutu (GMVs) m'magulu aanthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere (CSBD), vuto la kutchova njuga (GD), komanso vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito moledzera (AUD) ndi omwe alibe mavutowa (otenga nawo mbali oyendetsa bwino; HCs).

Anthu omwe akhudzidwa (CSBD, GD, AUD) poyerekeza ndi omwe anali nawo pa HC adawonetsa ma GMV ang'ono kumanzere kutsogolo kwa kanjira, makamaka mu orbitof mbeleal cortex. Kusiyana kotchulidwa kwambiri kunawonedwa m'magulu a GD ndi AUD, komanso ochepera pagulu la CSBD. Panali kusamvana pakati pa GMVs ndi kusokonezeka kwakali m'gulu la CSBD. Kukula kwambiri kwa zisonyezo za CSBD kunalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa GMV kumanzere kwakumaso kwa cingate girus.

Phunziroli ndi loyamba kuwonetsa ma GMV ang'onoang'ono m'magulu atatu azachipatala a CSBD, GD ndi AUD. Zomwe tapezazi zikuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa zovuta zina zowongolera kuwongolera ndi zosokoneza.

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) yakhala ikuwoneka bwino pakuwongolera, kusokoneza zoyipa [56], [57], kulosera zolakwika, kuphunzira mphotho [58], [59] ndi cue-reactivity [60], [34] . Pokhudzana ndi CSBD, zochitika za ACC poyankha zochitika zogonana zimalumikizidwa ndi chilakolako chogonana mwa amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD [61]. Amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD adawonetseranso zokonda zazatsopano zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi ACC habituation [62]. Motero, zomwe zapezedwa pano zimakulitsa maphunziro a ntchito asanachitike ndikuwonetsa kuti voliyumu ya ACC imakhudzana ndikofunika ndi CSBD dalili za amuna.

47) Miyezo Yaikulu ya Plasma Oxetocin mwa Amuna Omwe Ali Ndi Hypersexual Disorder (Jokinen neri Al., 2020) [dysfunctional stress reaction] .-- Kuchokera pagulu lofufuza lomwe linafalitsa maphunziro 4 ambuyomu a neuro-endocrine pa amuna “oopsa” (achiwerewere / okonda zolaula). Chifukwa oxytocin amatenga nawo mbali pamavuto athu, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatanthauziridwa ngati chisonyezo cha dongosolo lopanikizika kwambiri muzochita zogonana. Kupeza kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale wamaphunziro ndi kafukufuku wamitsempha popereka ndemanga yolakwika yamavuto omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chithandizo (CBT) chidachepetsa kuchuluka kwa oxytocin mwa odwala oopsa. Zolemba:

Matenda a Hypersexual (HD) ophatikiza ma pathophysiological monga kukakamira chilakolako chogonana, chizolowezi chogonana, kutengeka mtima ndikukakamizidwa adanenedwa kuti ndi matenda a DSM-5. "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder" tsopano yawonetsedwa ngati vuto lodziletsa ku ICD-11. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa cholakwika cha HPA axis mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD. Oxytocin (OXT) imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a HPA axis; palibe maphunziro omwe adayesa milingo ya OXT mwa odwala HD. Kaya chithandizo cha CBT chazizindikiro za HD chimakhudza magawo OXT sichinafufuzidwe.

Tidawunika kuchuluka kwa plasma OXT mkati Odwala 64 amuna a HD ndi amuna 38 odzipereka othandiza paumoyo wawo. Kupitilira apo, tidasanthula kuyanjana pakati pa milingo ya OXT ya plasma ndi mawonekedwe amitundu ya HD pogwiritsa ntchito milingo yoyesa yoyeza machitidwe oopsa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi HD anali ndi OXT kwambiri poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Panali zolumikizana zabwino pakati pa milingo ya OXT ndi milingo yoyeza yoyezera umunthu wamalingaliro. Odwala omwe anamaliza kulandira chithandizo cha CBT anali ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa milingo ya OXT kuchokera ku chithandizo chisanachitike. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa dongosolo la oxytonergic dongosolo mwa odwala amuna omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo lomwe lingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizira kupanikizika kwa nkhawa. Chithandizo chopambana cha gulu la CBT chitha kukhala ndi mphamvu pa hyperactive oxytonergic system.

48) Kuwongolera ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - Udindo wofunikira woyang'aniraAnton & Mtundu, 2020) - [kulolerana kapena chizolowezi] - Olemba akunena kuti zotsatira zawo zikuwonetsa kulekerera, chizindikiro chazomwe zimachitika pakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wathu wapano akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yoyamba yolimbikitsira kufufuzaku mtsogolo pokhudzana ndi mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta pa IP, kusintha kwa kusintha, komanso kudziletsa.

Kugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitawa (mwachitsanzo, Antons & Brand, 2018; Mtundu, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Laier et al., 2013), wtinapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kulakalaka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuopsa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwa IP m'magawo onse awiri. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa kulakalaka ngati cue-reactivity sikunaphatikizidwe ndi chizindikiro choopsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwa IP, izi zikugwirizana ndi kulekerera (cf. Wéry & Billieux, 2017) Popeza zithunzi zolaula zomwe zidawonetsedwa mu kafukufukuyu sizinapangidwe pamtundu uliwonse malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zolaula zofananira zokhazokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito sizingakhale zopanda mphamvu zokwanira kuchitira chidwi cha cue mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu logwirizana ndi zotsatira zochepa pamachitidwe osokoneza, owonetsa, komanso olankhula komanso luso lotha kuwongolera.

Zotsatira zakulekerera ndi zochitika zina zitha kufotokozera bwino kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizindikiritso chapamwamba chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa njira yamalingaliro ndi yowunikira. Kuwongolera kuwongolera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP mwina kumadza chifukwa cha kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi okakamiza, owonetsa, komanso olankhula.

Kuphatikizidwa, chikhazikitso monga gawo lalikulu lomwe likuyimira njira yolankhulirana imatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuletsa zinthu zolaula ngati zithunzi zolaula zilipo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito IP moyenera adachita bwino ntchitoyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito polongedza chithunzithunzi ndikuwonjezera ntchito yake pakuwongolera. Tmomwe amagwirira ntchito atha kukhala chifukwa cha kulolera, ndiye kuti, kuchepa mphamvu kwa dongosolo lomwe limayambitsa mavuto kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizikuwongolera bwino pazowunikira komanso zowunikira.

Chifukwa chake, kusunthika kuchoka pakukakamizidwa kupita kumakhalidwe olimbikira chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za IP kapena chifukwa chothandizira kupewa (zokhudzana ndi kupewa) kungakhale koyenera, kotero kuti zinthu zonse zimangoyang'ana pa ntchitoyi ndikupatuka pazithunzi zolaula. Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP komwe mwina sikuti kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana pakati pamagetsi apawiri koma komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi.

49) Testosterone Yabwinobwino koma Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Yambiri mwa Amuna Omwe Ali Ndi Hypersexual Disorder (2020) - [atha kuwonetsa kuyankha kwamankhwala osagwira ntchito] - Kuchokera pagulu lofufuzira lomwe lidasindikiza maphunziro 5 am'mbuyomu a neuro-endocrine okhudza amuna "amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" (ogonana / osokoneza bongo), kuwulula zosintha zamavuto, zomwe zimayambitsa kusuta (1, 2, 3, 4, 5.). Zolemba:

Phunziroli, tinapeza kuti odwala amuna omwe ali ndi HD analibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamlingo wa testosterone wa plasma poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. M'malo mwake, anali ndi LH yapamwamba kwambiri.

HD ikuphatikiza pamafanizo ake kuti mchitidwewu ungakhale chifukwa cha malo oledzera komanso kupsinjika,¹ ndipo tanena kale za kukomoka kwa Hypero la HPA¹³ komanso kusintha kwokhudzana ndi epigenetic mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD.

Pali zovuta pakati pa HPA ndi HPG axis, zonse zosangalatsa komanso zoletsa komanso zosiyana kutengera magawo a ubongo.²⁷ Zochitika zopsinjika kudzera mu zotsatira za axPA ya HPA zitha kuyambitsa kuponderezedwa kwa kuponderezedwa kwa LH komanso chifukwa cha kubereka.²⁷ Machitidwe a 2 ali ndi machitidwe obwereza, ndipo zovuta zoyambirira zimatha kusintha mayankho a neuroendocrine kudzera pakusintha kwa epigenetic.

Njira zomwe zikuphatikizidwazo zikuphatikiza kulumikizana kwa HPA ndi HPG, mphoto neural network, kapena kuletsa kwamalamulo kukakamiza zigawo za preortal cortex.³² Pomaliza, timapereka lipoti kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchuluka kwamapazi a LH mwa abambo okhathamiritsa poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Zotsatira zoyambirira izi zimathandizira kukulitsa mabuku pakukhudzidwa kwa machitidwe a neuroendocrine ndi kusokoneza kwa HD.

50) Pezani zokonda pakati pa ophunzira achisukulu achikazi omwe amachita zolaula (2020) [chidwi ndi deensitization] - Nkafukufuku wama euro ndi malingaliro pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akazi akuti amapanga zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi omwe amapezeka mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo. Njira zoyenera zolaula (kuchititsa chidwi) komanso malingaliro anenedonia (desensitization) zinali zogwirizana ndi zithunzi zolaula. Study inanenanso kuti: “tapezanso chiyanjano chabwino pakati pamasukulu ndi zolakwika za SHAPS, zomwe zimafotokoza za anhedonia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kulimba mtima kukakopa njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike, sangasangalale kwambiri ndi zomwe ananena". Mwachidule, chizindikiro cha neuropsychological cha njira yosokoneza bongo yolingana ndi kusasangalala ndi chisangalalo (anhedonia). Zolemba:

Njira yokonda, kapena chizolowezi chofuna kuchita zinthu zina kuti zisunthire thupi m'malo mopitikirako, ndichinthu chofunikira chazidziwitso zomwe zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe achizolowezi. Mitundu iwiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo imapangitsa kuti zizolowezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino chifukwa chamadongosolo, "osachita"
zoyendetsa ndi zowongolera. Kuchita zobwerezabwereza pamakhalidwe oluluzika kumatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chodziwikiratu chomwe anthu amatha kufikira m'malo mopewa kukopeka nazo. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati njira yolankhulirana zolaula yomwe ilipo pakati pa azimayi azaka zodziwika bwino a ku koleji omwe akuti amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Ophunzira adawonetsa njira yoyenera ya 24.81 ms yolimbikitsa yoyerekeza ndi kusakondera kosaloledwa, ndi tmachitidwe ake okondera kwathunthu ophatikizana ndi Mavuto a Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Scale. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndikuwonjezera zomwe zapezapo zomwe zikupereka lipoti la njira yolimbikitsira pakati pa amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro okondera anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi anhedonia posonyeza kuti kulimba kwa njira zoyeserera zolimbikitsa, ndi anhedonia yomwe idawonedwa.... ..Izi zikusonyeza kuti kulimba mtima kukakopa njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike, sangasangalale kwambiri ndi zomwe ananena.

51) Zida zakugonana zimasintha magwiridwe ogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera ubongo kwa amuna omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu chokakamira (2020) - [kulimbikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito yosauka] - Zolemba:

Pamachitidwe, odwala adachepetsedwa ndi zolaula malinga ndi zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula sabata yatha, zomwe zidawonetsedwa ndi kutsegukira kwapamwamba mu lingaliro la girisi. Kuphatikiza apo, gilus yonyengayo idawonetsa kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwa insulini pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu gulu la odwala. Mosiyana ndi izi, maphunziro azaumoyo adawonetsa kuyankha mwachangu mukakumana ndi zithunzi zolaula pokhapokha ali ndi katundu wambiri wazidziwitso. Komanso, odwala adawonetsa kukumbukira kwabwino zithunzi zolaula mu ntchito yodziwika modabwitsa poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, kuyankhula mozama kwambiri pazithunzi zolaula m'gulu la odwala. TZotsatira za hese zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe amalimbikitsa kulumikizana, makamaka kulumikizidwa kwakukulu pantchito yolumikizana ndi masisitiri ndi chinsinsi monga chinsinsi chofunikira komanso zochitika zapamwamba kwambiri pakukonza zithunzi zolaula malinga ndi zolaula zaposachedwa.

…. Izi zitha kutanthauziridwa momwe zinthu zolaula (makamaka chifukwa cha njira zophunzirira) ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala ndipo motero zimathandizira kuti salience (insula) ndi netiweki yosamalira (parietal yotsika), yomwe imadzetsa nthawi yocheperako ngati yofunika kwambiri zambiri sizothandiza pantchitoyo. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezazi, munthu angaganize kuti, pazinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa CSB, zolaula zimakhala ndizosokoneza kwambiri motero zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, idatha imathandizira IST ya kusuta mu CSB.

52) Mtengo woyipa wa zoyeserera zakugonana zimalembedwa mokhazikika mwa anthu komanso mu orbitofrontal cortex (2020) - [chidwi] - Zolemba:

Nkhani yayikulu idavotera VSS pa makondedwe olaukitsa, zochitika zapamwamba zomwe tidapeza mu NAcc, caudate nucleus ndi OFC panthawi yowonera VSS. Kuphatikiza apo, tmayanjano pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chogonana komanso NAcc komanso zochitika zam'kati mwa caudate zinali zolimba pamene maphunziro adanenanso zambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU) zoyesedwa ndi s-IATsex

Kusiyana kumeneku pakulemba makonda kumayimira njira yomwe imayimira kugwiritsa ntchito kwa VSS kwa anthu ena. Sitinangopeza chiyanjano cha NAcc ndi zochitika zokhala ndi malingaliro okondweretsa pakugonana pa VSS koma mphamvu ya mayanjanoyi idakulirapo pamene nkhaniyi idanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kwambiri (PPU). Zotsatira zake zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyankha kwamphamvu mu NAcc ndikuwoneka kusiyanitsa kwambiri pakati pa zokonda zosiyana, zomwe zimachitika PPU. Izi zikufutukula maphunziro apakale, pomwe PPU idalumikizidwa ndi kuyankha kwapamwamba ku VSS poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe chowongolera kapena chosakonda [29,38]. Kafukufuku wina, wogwiritsanso ntchito SID, adapeza ntchito zowonjezera za NAcc zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi PPU yowonjezereka panthawi yokhazikika yokhayo [41]. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zofananira, mwachitsanzo, zosinthika zolimbitsa thupi zolumikizidwa ndi PPU, zitha kupezekanso pagawo loperekera, koma pokhapokha ngati chidwi cha anthu payekha chikusamaliridwa. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiritso zamtengo wapatali mu NAcc zitha kuwonetsa kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa kufunafuna ndi kuzindikira VSS yomwe ikulakalaka panthawi ya chitukuko.

Popeza zotsatilazi zitha kuwerengedwa, zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mthupi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa chizindikiritso chamtengo wapatali kumatha kulumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kufunafuna zinthu zolimbikitsa kwambiri, zomwe pambuyo pake zimabweretsa zovuta m'moyo wa munthu kapena akatswiri komanso kuvutika chifukwa cha mchitidwewu.

53) Ma Neuroscience a Kuyankhulana Kwathanzi: Kuwunika kwa fNIRS kwa Prefrontal Cortex ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula mwa Akazi Achichepere Pachitukuko cha Mapulogalamu a Zaumoyo (2020) - Zolemba:

Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonera kopanira zolaula (vs. clip clip) kumapangitsa kuyambitsa kwa Brodmann kudera la 45 la hemisphere yolondola. Zotsatira zimawonekeranso pakati pamlingo wodziwonetsa nokha zakomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuyambitsa kwa BA 45 yolondola: kuchuluka kwa zomwe mumadzinena nokha, ndikochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mbali inayi, omwe sanatengepo zolaula sakuwonetsa zochitika za BA 45 yoyenera poyerekeza ndi clip clip (kuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa osagwiritsa ntchito ndi ogula). Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika pankhani yazokonda. Amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe am'galasi amatha kukhala nawo, kudzera munjira yachifundo, yomwe ingayambitse kukondera.

54) Zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zosankha ziwiri zosamvetseka zosokoneza bongo pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (2020) - Zolemba:

Kulephera kudziletsa (BIC) amadziwika kuti amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonda. Komabe, kafukufuku sanatsimikizire ngati izi zilinso vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kufufuza momwe BIC ikuyendera mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (TCA) pogwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kokhudzana ndi zochitika (ERPs) ndikupereka umboni wokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa BIC.

Anthu omwe anali ndi TCA anali opupuluma kuposa omwe amatenga nawo mbali HC ndipo adagawana za neuropsychological ndi ERP zokhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, zomwe zimathandizira lingaliro loti kuzolowera zolaula pa intaneti kumatha kuzindikirika ngati chizolowezi chamakhalidwe.

Zopeka, Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chimafanana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuwongolera kuwongolera chifukwa chazovuta zamagetsi ndi machitidwe. Zomwe tapeza zitha kuyambitsa kutsutsana kosalekeza kwakuti kuthekera kwa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ngati mtundu wachidziwitso cha matenda amisala.

55) Zoyipa zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zoyeserera zakugonana - Kafukufuku Woyeserera Woyeserera - BKufufuza kwa mvula kuyerekezera zoyera za zolaula / zolaula (CSBD) zowongolera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa zowongolera ndi maphunziro a CSB. Zolemba:

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofufuza zoyambirira za DTI zowunika kusiyana pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zogonana zogonana komanso kuwongolera koyenera. Kusanthula kwathu kwaulula kuchepa kwa FA m'magawo asanu ndi amodzi aubongo m'mitu ya CSBD, poyerekeza ndi zowongolera. Timapepala tosiyanitsa tidapezeka mu cerebellum (mwina panali magawo amtundu womwewo mu cerebellum), gawo lobwezeretsa mkati mwa kapisozi wamkati, corona radiata yapakati kapena yoyera ya occipital gyrus yoyera.

Zambiri zathu za DTI zikuwonetsa kuti ma neural correlates a CSBD amalumikizana ndi zigawo zomwe zidanenedwapo kale m'mabukuwa monga zogwirizana, kuledzera ndi OCD (onani malo ofiira Chith. 3). Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wapano adawonetsa kufanana kofunikira pakuchepetsa kwa FA pakati pa CSBD ndi onse OCD ndi zosokoneza.

56) Kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana pa scanner: Kugonana ndi kukonza mphotho, komanso kulumikizana ndi zovuta zolaula komanso chilakolako chogonana - Zomwe zapezazi sizikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo (cue-reactivity).

58) Aberrant orbitofrontal cortex reactivity kuzinthu zolaula mu Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder (2021)- [sensitization - cue-reactivity mu ventral striatum ndi anterior orbitofrontal cortex mwa anthu osokoneza bongo poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera athanzi] Zolemba:

Njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimawonetsedwa pamitu ya CSBD yokhala ndi ma parietal cortices, supramarginal gyrus, pre and postcentral gyrus, ndi basal ganglia atha kukhala owonetsa (poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera) chidwi, somatosensory, ndi kukonzekera kwamagalimoto njira yolipira mphotho ndi kumaliza (kufuna) mu CSBD yomwe imachotsedwa ndi zodziwikiratu (Locke & Braver, 2008; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018). Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakulimbikitsana pakukonda zosokoneza bongo (Robinson & Berridge, 2008) ndi zidziwitso zomwe zilipo pakudziwikanso pamachitidwe osokoneza bongo (Gola & Draps, 2018; Gola, Mawuecha, et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Kraus et al., 2016b; Potenza et al., 2017; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018; Voon et al., 2014) ....

Chofunika koposa, ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa ROI, ntchitoyi imakulitsa zotsatira zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale (Gola, Mawuecha, et al., 2017) posonyeza kuti ndi mayankho okwera pamayendedwe olandila mphotho zandalama mu CSBD zimachitika osati mu ventral striatum mu gawo lakuyembekezera mphotho komanso mu anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zikuchitika mdera lino zikuwonekeranso kuti zimadalira kuthekera kwa mphotho. Kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD kunali kwakukulu mwa anthu a CSBD kuposa kuwongolera koyenera, makamaka pamikhalidwe yotsika, yomwe ingawonetse kuti mwayi wocheperako wopeza mphotho yolandila anthu sizichepetsa chidwi chomwe chimakhalapo chifukwa chopezeka ndi mphotho zosokonekera.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tapeza, titha kunena kuti aOFC imagwira gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kuthekera kwamitundu ina yamalipiro yolimbikitsira machitidwe ofunafuna mphotho mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali CSBD. M'malo mwake, udindo wa OFC udakhudzidwa ndimitundu yazinthu zosokoneza bongo.

59) Umboni wa Electrophysiological wokulitsa chidwi chambiri pazithunzi zogonana mwa anthu omwe amakonda chizolowezi cha cybersex (2021) [Kulimbikitsa / kuwonetsetsa kuti tikuchitanso bwino ndi chizolowezi / kukhumudwa] Kafukufuku adawunika machitidwe a anthu okonda zolaula (nthawi zoyankhira) ndi mayankho aubongo (EEG) pazithunzi zolaula komanso zosalowerera ndale. Mogwirizana ndi Mechelmans et al. (2014) pamwambapa, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti okonda zolaula ali ndi zambiri oyambirira tcheru ku zisonkhezero zakugonana. Chatsopano ndikuti kafukufukuyu adapeza umboni wa neurophysiological wa izi oyambirira chidwi chokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi kuledzera. Mawu Ochokera:

Lingaliro lachilimbikitso lolimbikitsa anthu lagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza kukondera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto linalake lokonda chizolowezi choledzeretsa (Munda & Cox, 2008; Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Chiphunzitsochi chikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera kuyankha kwa dopaminergic, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta komanso yolimbikitsa. Izi zimayambitsa khalidwe la anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chofuna kumva zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Pambuyo pa kubwerezabwereza kwa chilimbikitso choperekedwa, zizindikiro zofananira zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zokopa, motero zimakopa chidwi. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti [okonda zolaula] adawonetsa kusokoneza kwakukulu pakuweruza kwa zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi zandale. Umboni uwu ndi wofanana ndi zotsatira zomwe zimanenedwa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala (Asmaro et al., 2014; Della Libera et al., 2019) ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo khalidwe logonana (Pekal et al., 2018; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019; Wegmann & Mtundu, 2020).

Chotsatira chathu chatsopano ndichakuti anthu omwe ali ndi [zolaula] adawonetsa kusinthika koyambirira kwa P200 pokhudzana ndi kusalowerera ndale poyankha zokopa zakugonana. Chotsatira ichi chikugwirizana ndi cha Mechelmans ndi al. (2014), yemwe adanenanso za anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lokakamiza logonana lomwe likuwonetsa kukondera kwambiri pa kugonana kusiyana ndi kusalowerera ndale, makamaka panthawi yofulumira (ie, kuyankha koyambirira). P200 imalumikizidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa zolimbikitsa (Crowley & Colrain, 2004). Chifukwa chake, zomwe tapeza pa P200 zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa zisonkhezero zogonana ndi kusalowerera ndale zitha kusalidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi [zolaula] atangotsala pang'ono kuyang'anitsitsa panthawi yochepetsera zokopa. Kupititsa patsogolo P200 ku zisonkhezero zogonana mu gulu la [zolaula] zimawoneka ngati kukulitsa chidwi chambiri chifukwa mphamvu zazinthu izi zimawonjezeka. Kafukufuku wina wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha ERP awulula zomwe zapeza zofananira, mwachitsanzo, tsankho muzochita zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zimayamba koyambirira koyambitsa zolimbikitsa (mwachitsanzo, Nijs et al., 2010; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015).

Pambuyo pake, gawo lowongolera komanso lodziwika bwino la kukondera, kafukufukuyu adapeza matalikidwe otsika a LPP mwa omwe adakonda zolaula (gulu la TCA lalitali). Ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kukhazikika / kukhumudwa momwe zingathere pakupeza izi. Kuchokera pazokambirana:

Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, omwe amakonda kugonana pa intaneti amatha kukhala ndi chizolowezi chowonera zithunzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolaula pa intaneti, ogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi zolaula pa intaneti amatha kuwonera makanema olaula ndi mavidiyo afupiafupi kusiyana ndi zithunzi. Popeza kuti mavidiyo olaula amapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike kwambiri pogonana, ndipo zithunzi zolaula zimachititsa kuti anthu asamavutike kwambiri pogonana. (Onse, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Chachiwiri, kukondoweza kwambiri kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa neuroplastic (Kühn & Gallinat, 2014). Makamaka, kuwonera zolaula pafupipafupi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa imvi mu dorsal striatum, dera lomwe limakhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana. (Arnow et al., 2002).

60) Kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi vasopressin mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula zolaula: Udindo wachifundo. [Kuyankha kwapang'onopang'ono] Magawo:

zomwe zapezedwa zikuwonetsa kusintha kangapo pakugwira ntchito kwa neuropeptide mu PPU ndikuwonetsa maulalo awo kuti achepetse chifundo komanso zizindikiro zowopsa zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa maubwenzi enieni pakati pa matenda amisala, AVP, oxytocin, chifundo komanso zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso kumvetsetsa maubwenzi amenewa kungathandize kutsogolera chithandizo chamankhwala….

Ngakhale preclinical Kafukufuku akuwonetsa mobwerezabwereza kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi magwiridwe antchito a AVP pazitsanzo za nyama zoledzeretsa, palibe kafukufuku wa anthu wam'mbuyomu yemwe adayesa kuyanjana kwawo ndi anthu omwe ali ndi PPU. Zotsatira zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi AVP mwa amuna omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe zimasonyezedwera m'magawo oyambira, machitidwe a reactivity, kuchuluka kwa neuropeptide, ndi maulalo okhudzana ndi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha..

61) Ma Neural and Behavioral correlates of Sexual Stimus kuyembekezera kutengera njira zosokoneza bongo muzovuta zamakhalidwe ogonana (2022) [chidziwitso] Kafukufuku wa fMRI adapeza kuti okonda zolaula / ogonana (odwala a CSBD) amakhala ndi machitidwe achilendo komanso zochitika zaubongo panthawi kuyembekezera kuwonera zolaula, makamaka mu ventral striatum. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapezanso zolaula / zogonana "kufuna" zolaula zambiri, koma sanatero "ngati" ndizoposa zowongolera zathanzi. Mawu Ochokera:

Chofunika kwambiri, kusiyana kwa khalidwe kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti njira zomwe zimakhudzira kuyembekezera zowonongeka komanso zosasangalatsa zingasinthidwe mu CSBD ndikuthandizira lingaliro lakuti kupereka mphotho zokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zizoloŵezi zamakhalidwe zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri mu CSBD. monga momwe adanenera kale (Chatzittofis et al., 2016; Gola et al., 2018; Jokinen et al., 2017; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Politis et al., 2013; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020; Voon et al., 2014). Izi zinathandizidwanso ndi mfundo yakuti sitinawone kusiyana kwa ntchito zina zachidziwitso zoyesa kutenga chiopsezo ndi kulamulira mopupuluma, kutsutsa lingaliro lakuti machitidwe okhudzana ndi kukakamiza akusewera (Norman et al., 2019; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022). Chochititsa chidwi, khalidwe la khalidwe la ΔRT limagwirizana molakwika ndi zizindikiro za kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kukakamiza kugonana, kusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa khalidwe loyembekezeka kumawonjezeka pamodzi ndi kuopsa kwa chizindikiro cha CSBD ....

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwamakhalidwe omwe amayembekeza, omwe amagwirizananso ndi zochitika za VS poyembekezera zokopa. Zomwe zapezazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti njira zofananira ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo zimagwira ntchito mu CSBD ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti kugawa kwa CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa kutha kutsutsidwa potengera zomwe zapezeka mu neurobiological.

62) Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito mu Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder - Kuwunika Mwadongosolo Zolemba ndi Kuphunzira pa Amuna Osiyanasiyana (2022) [chidziwitso]

Tidapeza fc yowonjezereka pakati pa gyrus yakumanzere yakumanzere ndi pulane yakumanja ndi polare, insula yakumanja ndi kumanzere, kumanja kwa Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA), parietal operculum yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa supramarginal gyrus ndi planum polare yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa orbitofrontal cortex ndi kumanzere kumtunda poyerekeza CSBD ndi HC. Kutsika kwa fc kunawonedwa pakati pa gyrus yapakati yakumanzere ndi insula ya mayiko awiri ndi parietal operculum yakumanja.

Kafukufukuyu anali kafukufuku wamkulu woyamba wowonetsa maukonde aubongo a 5 omwe amasiyanitsa odwala a CSBD ndi HC.

Maukonde ogwira ntchito muubongo amasiyanitsa CSBD ndi HC ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsira ngati njira yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro za CSBD.

63) Kusiyana kwaubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi vuto lokakamiza kugonana (2023)

CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo, komwe kumathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa CSBD ndikulimbikitsa kufotokozeranso njira za neurobiological zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Zizindikiro za CSBD zinali zowopsa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa cortical.

Zotsatira za maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndi kafukufuku wapano zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti CSBD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwaubongo m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kulimbikitsa, chizolowezi, kuwongolera, ndi kukonza mphotho.

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo. Kafukufukuyu amapereka zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali mu gawo lomwe silinadziwike kwambiri la kufunikira kwachipatala ndipo limalimbikitsa kumveketsa bwino kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zili pansi pa CSBD, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chamtsogolo. Zomwe zapezazi zingathandizenso kukambirana kosalekeza ngati gulu lamakono la CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa ndiloyenera.

Pamodzi kafukufuku wamanjenje awa adati:

1. Ubongo waukulu wa 3 woledzera umasintha: kulimbikitsa, deensitizationndipo chinyengo.
2. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosauka mu deraal striatum).
3. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera mphindi zowonongeka kwa dera pamene mukuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana.
4. Ndipo ntchito zambiri zolaula chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi akusokoneza kugwirizana ubongo pakati pa dera mphoto ndi prefrontal kotekisi.
5. Addicts anali ndi ntchito yoyenera kugonana, koma zochepetsetsa ubongo kuti zikhale zovuta (zimayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumayesetseratu kuchepetsa kuchepetsa (kusatheka kuchepetsa kukondweretsa). Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito yogwira ntchito yosauka.
7. 60% ya zolaula zomwe zidawasokoneza mu kafukufuku wina adakumana ndi ED kapena otsika kwambiri ndi anzawo, koma osati ndi zolaula: onse adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumayambitsa ED / low libido.
8. Kupititsa patsogolo chisokonezo yofanana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amasonyeza kutengeka (mankhwala a DeltaFosb).
9. Kufuna kwambiri & kulakalaka zolaula, koma osakukondani kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi - kulimbikitsana.
10. Zizoloŵezi zoipa zimakonda kwambiri zachiwerewere koma ubongo wawo umakhala mofulumira kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere. Osatipo kale.
11. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika m'zipatala.
12. EEG yapamwamba (P300) imawerengedwa pamene ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amadziwika ndi zolaula (zomwe zimachitika mu zovuta zina).
13. Zopanda zofuna kugonana ndi munthu amene akugwirizana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka-kukwaniritsa zolaula.
14. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulamuliro apansi a LPP pakuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana: zikuwonetsa chizoloŵezi kapena chilakolako chofuna kugonana.
15. Majekesi osayenerera a HPA komanso kusintha maulendo a ubongo, omwe amapezeka m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (komanso amygdala voliyumu, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi vuto lachikhalidwe).
16. Kusintha kwa Epigenetic pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamapanikizidwe komanso kuwonongeke kwambiri.
17. Maseŵera apamwamba a Matenda a Necrosis Factor (TNF) - omwe amapezeranso mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso oledzeretsa.
18. Chosowa mu nkhani yamtundu wakuda; kuyanjana kosasokonezeka pakati pa mgwirizano wa nthawi ndi zigawo zina zambiri.
19. Kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa boma.
20. Yachepetsedwa preortalal cortex ndi anterior cingulate grey nkhani ya imvi poyerekeza ndi yoyendetsa bwino.
21. Kuchepetsa kwa zinthu zoyera poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera.

Zolemba zomwe zikulembetsa maphunziro ofunikira ndi maumboni olakwika a debunking:

Kusokoneza zabodza:

1. Gary Wilson akuwulula zowona pamaphunziro a 5 omwe amafalitsa mabodza amanena kuti zithandizira kunena kuti zolaula zilibe komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumapindulitsa kwambiri: Gary Wilson - Kafukufuku Wolaula: Zoona Kapena Zopeka (2018).
2. Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Momwe mungazindikire nkhani zotsutsana: Amanena Prause et al. 2015 (kunena zabodza kuti imayambitsa chizolowezi cha zolaula), pomwe ikusiya maphunziro opitilira 40 aubongo omwe amathandizira kuti azichita zolaula.
4. Ngati mukufuna kusanthula kafukufuku yemwe simungapeze patsamba lino la "Critiques of Questionable & Misleading Study", onani tsamba ili: Pulogalamu ya Porn Science Deniers (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ndi "PornographyResearch.com"). Imawunika a YBOP olowa nawo malonda'"Tsamba lofufuzira," kuphatikizapo maphunziro ake osankhidwa bwino, kukondera, kusiyanasiyana, ndi chinyengo.
5. Kodi Yoswa Grubbs akukoka ubweya m'maso mwathu ndi kufufuza kwake "kolaula"? (2016)
6. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Review Reid ndizosavomerezeka ("Zithunzi Zolaula Chifukwa cha Kusayendetsa Makhalidwe Abwino: Njira Yophatikizira Yopenda Mwadongosolo ndi Kufufuza Meta") 2018.
7. Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zopanda Pang'ono Pang'ono Ndiponso Sakanakhalanso Zokhulupilira Kuti Amakhala Osokonezeka (2017)
8. Mtsutso wa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zolakwika zatsopano maulosi oledzeretsa"
9. Op-ed: Ndani kwenikweni amene amanyoza sayansi pa zolaula? (2016)
10. Wolemba Justin Lehmiller "Kodi Kusokonezeka kwa Erectile Kumene Kumayambira pa Amuna Achichepere?"(2018)
11. Wolemba Kris Taylor "Zoonadi zovuta zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi erectile dys function"(2017)
12. ndipo Debunking "Kodi muyenera kuda nkhaŵa za erectile zosokonekera? ” - wolemba The Daily Dot a Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Kutulutsa nkhani ya "Men's Health" yolembedwa ndi Gavin Evans: "Kodi Kuonera Zambiri Zolaula Zimakupatsani Erectile Dysfunction?"(2018)
14. Momwe zolaula zimasokonekera ndi umuna wanu, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Marichi, 2016)
15. Zambiri pa zolaula: sungani ubale wanu-yankho la Marty Klein, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo & Gary Wilson (Epulo, 2016)
16. Kudandaula David Ley anayankha Philip Zimbardo kuti: "Tiyenera kudalira sayansi yabwino mu zokambirana za zolaula"(March, 2016)
17. Yankho la YBOP kwa Jim Pfaus "Khulupirirani wasayansi: kuledzera kugonana ndi nthano"(January, 2016)
18. Yankho la YBOP kuzineneza mu David Ley ndemanga (January, 2016)
19. Azimayi oletsa kugonana amatsutsa zolaula-amachititsa ED kupempha kuti azigonana ndi vuto (2016)
20. David Ley akuukira kayendetsedwe ka Nofap (May, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & pro-porn allies amapanga tsamba lokonda kutsatsa komanso mawayilesi ochezera kuti athandizire zokambirana za zolaula (kuyambira Epulo, 2019).
22. Zoyeserera za Prause kuti athetse Wilson zidasokonekera; Lamulo lake loletsa linawakana ngati lopanda pake ndipo ali ndi ngongole yayikulu ya loya pamlandu wa SLAPP.
23. Kodi Kudziyesa Kuti Ndizovuta Pazakugonana? Kanema debunking Madita Oeming's "Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kuleka Kuzitchula Zolaula".

Mndandanda wamaphunziro oyenera (okhala ndi mawu ochepa):

• Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
• Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumalumikiza zolaula kumachepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale.
• Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimakhudza zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi machitidwe? Kafukufuku wapamwamba wa 40 amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "malingaliro osakondera" kwa amayi komanso malingaliro ogonana.
• Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
• Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana".