ICD-11 ya World Health Organisation: Kugonana Kwachiwerewere

ICD-11

Tsambali likufotokoza za njira yomwe Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder idavomerezedwa ndi World Health Organisation ku ICD-11. Onani pansi pa tsamba la mapepala otsutsana ndi magulu a CSBD.

Zolaula Zimazindikirika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Buku la WHO's Diagnostic Manual (ICD-11)

Monga momwe mwakhalira, mu 2013 olemba a Buku Lophatikiza ndi Kuwerenga (DSM-5), yomwe imalembetsa matenda a maganizo, inakana kuwonjezera matenda omwe amatchedwa "Hypersexual Disorder." Kudziwa koteroko kukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira za chizolowezi chogonana. Akatswiri amanena kuti izi zachititsa mavuto aakulu kwa iwo omwe akuvutika:

Kulekerera kumeneku kwaletsa kuletsa, kufufuza, ndi kuyesa, ndikusiya asing'anga opanda chidziwitso chothetsera vuto la chiwerewere.

Bungwe la World Health Organization kuti lipulumutse

The World Health Organization imafalitsa buku lake lothandizira, lomwe limadziwika kuti Mitundu Yonse ya Matenda (ICD), zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za matenda omwe amadziwika, kuphatikizapo matenda a m'maganizo. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo imasindikizidwa pansi pa chilolezo chotseguka.

Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani DSM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States? APA imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito DSM mmalo mwa ICD chifukwa APA imalandira madola mamiliyoni ambiri kugulitsa zida zake zokhudzana ndi DSM. Koma kwinakwake padziko lapansi, akatswiri ambiri amadalira ICD yaulere. Ndipotu, nambala za chikhomo m'mabuku onse awiri zimagwirizana ndi ICD.

Kusindikiza kotsatira kwa ICD, ICD-11, idalandiridwa mu Meyi, 2019, ndipo pang'onopang'ono idzafalitsidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nachi chilankhulo chomaliza.

Nawa mawu a matenda:

6C72 Kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe la kugonana Amadziwika ndi chizolowezi cholephera kuwongolera zilakolako zogonana zamphamvu, mobwerezabwereza kapena zilakolako zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita chiwerewere. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kugonana mobwerezabwereza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa munthuyo mpaka kunyalanyaza thanzi ndi chisamaliro chaumwini kapena zofuna zina, zochita ndi maudindo; kuyesayesa kochuluka kosatheka kuchepetsa kwambiri khalidwe logonana mobwerezabwereza; ndi kupitiriza kuchita chiwerewere mobwerezabwereza ngakhale zotsatirapo zake zoipa kapena zosakhutitsidwa pang'ono kapena osakhutira nazo. Mchitidwe wolephera kuwongolera zilakolako zogonana kapena zolakalaka zobwerezabwereza zimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo), ndipo zimayambitsa kupsinjika kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamunthu, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena magawo ena ofunikira ogwirira ntchito. Kukhumudwa komwe kumakhudzana kwathunthu ndi kuweruza kwamakhalidwe abwino komanso kusagwirizana ndi zilakolako zakugonana, zilakolako, kapena machitidwe sikukwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Zofunikira (zofunikira):

  • Mchitidwe wosalekeza wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zamphamvu, zobwerezabwereza kapena zilakolako zomwe zimabweretsa chizolowezi chogonana, chowonetsedwa mu chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

    • Kugonana mobwerezabwereza kwakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa munthu mpaka kunyalanyaza thanzi ndi chisamaliro chaumwini kapena zofuna zina, zochita ndi maudindo.
    • Munthuyo wayesetsa kambirimbiri kosatheka kuwongolera kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri machitidwe ogonana obwerezabwereza.
    • Munthuyo akupitirizabe kuchita chiwerewere mobwerezabwereza ngakhale zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoipa (monga mikangano ya m’banja chifukwa cha khalidwe logonana, mavuto azachuma kapena malamulo, kusokoneza thanzi).
    • Munthuyo amapitirizabe kuchita zachiwerewere mobwerezabwereza ngakhale pamene munthuyo sakhutira kwenikweni ndi zimenezo.
  • Mchitidwe wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zobwerezabwereza, zobwerezabwereza kapena zolakalaka komanso zotsatira zake zobwerezabwereza zogonana zimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo).

  • Mchitidwe wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zobwerezabwereza kapena kubwerezabwereza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogonana mobwerezabwereza sizimaganiziridwa bwino ndi vuto lina lamalingaliro (mwachitsanzo, Manic Episode) kapena matenda ena ndipo sichifukwa cha zotsatira za chinthu kapena mankhwala.

  • Mchitidwe wobwerezabwereza wa kugonana umabweretsa kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwaumwini, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena mbali zina zofunika za kachitidwe. Kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumakhudzana kwathunthu ndi kuweruza kwamakhalidwe komanso kusagwirizana ndi zilakolako zakugonana, zilakolako, kapena machitidwe sikukwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Latsopano "Kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe la kugonana” (CSBD) matenda akuthandiza anthu kupeza chithandizo ndi kuthandiza ofufuza kufufuza mokakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Komabe, nkhaniyi ndi yandale kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri ena okhudzana ndi kugonana apitirizabe kukana kuti matendawa amakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza. Uku ndi kukangana kwaposachedwa kwambiri mu a kampeni yayitali kwambiri. Kuti mumve zambiri za zoyeserera zaposachedwa, onani Olemba Propagandists amanyoza mapepala owonetsedwa ndi anzawo ndi zofufuza za ICD-11 kuti afotokoze zabodza kuti ICD-11 ya WHO "inakana kugonana ndi zolaula".

Mu 2022, ICD-11 idayesetsa kuthetsa zoyesayesa zabodza zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri okhudzana ndi kugonana pokonzanso "Zowonjezera Zachipatala” kutchula “kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula” makamaka.

Vuto Lokakamiza Logonana Litha kuwonetsedwa m'makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza machitidwe ogonana ndi ena, kuseweretsa maliseche, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, cybersex (kugonana pa intaneti), kugonana patelefoni, ndi machitidwe ena obwerezabwereza ogonana.

Pakalipano, ICD-11 yatenga njira yowonetsetsa, yodikira ndikuwona ndipo yayika CSBD m'gulu la "Impulse control disorders" (kumene njuga inayambira isanasamutsidwe ku gulu lotchedwa "Kusokonezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi zoyipa.” Kufufuza kwina kudzatsimikizira malo ake omalizira. (Panthawiyi, DSM yolamulidwa ndi sexology yasinthidwa popanda kuphatikiza CSBD konse! Zodabwitsa.

Mkangano wamaphunziro uli pachimake, monga mukuwonera pansi pa tsamba ili. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamaganizo ndi oledzeretsa amapitiliza sayansi yawo yoyambira pakusintha kwaubongo komwe kumafanana ndi zizolowezi zonse (makhalidwe ndi zinthu). Ofufuza za kugonana akupitirizabe kuteteza zachiphamaso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi ndondomeko ("zolaula sizingakhale vuto") kufufuza ndi zofalitsa zabodza.

Njira zoyambira

Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti zizolowezi zoipa (kuledzera kwa zakudya, kutchova njuga, masewera a kanema, Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti ndi zolaula) ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhala zambiri zofanana njira zofunikira kutsogolera ku Kusonkhanitsa kwa kusinthidwa komwe mu anatomy ubongo ndi chemistry.

Potengera kupita patsogolo kwasayansi kwaposachedwa, zotsutsa za chizolowezi chogonana ndizovuta komanso zachikale (ndipo palibe maphunziro omwe adakayikirabe zolaula zolaula). Kuwongolera chitsanzo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, alipo tsopano kuposa maphunziro a minyewa a 60 pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / okonda kugonana. Kupatulapo chimodzi chokha, amawulula kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumawonetsa zomwe zimachitika mwa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ndi ndemanga zambiri zochokera ku neuroscience m'mabuku). Kuphatikiza apo, Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa zomwe zapezedwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kulolera), chizolowezi chowonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale zizindikiro zosiya kusiya. - zomwe zonse ndizizindikiro zazikulu zosokoneza bongo.

Nkhani zaumishonale

ICD imathandizidwa ndi World Health Organisation. Malinga ndi cholinga cha ICD's Purpose, “Imalola dziko kuyerekeza ndi kugawana chidziwitso chaumoyo pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chofala. ICD imatanthauzira chilengedwe cha matenda, zovuta, kuvulala ndi zina zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Mabungwewa amalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti zonse zitheke. ” (World Health Organization, 2018). Choncho, cholinga chake ndi kuphimba vuto lililonse lovomerezeka la thanzi, kotero kuti likhoza kuwonedwa ndi kuphunziridwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Madokotala onse (akatswiri amisala, akatswiri amisala, akatswiri azamisala azachipatala, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omwe amagwira ntchito zopewera) amakonda kwambiri kuzindikirika kwa ICD kwa CSBD.

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti pali maphunziro ena. Ambiri omwe siachipatala, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi zolinga zawo. Angakhalenso ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kupeza odwala chithandizo chomwe akufunikira, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawu okweza kwambiri m'manyuzipepala. Magulu omwe nthawi zina amagwera m'gulu losakhala lachipatala ili atha kupezeka m'ma media odziwika bwino a psychology, mafakitale amasewera ndi zolaula (ndi ofufuza awo), akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu, akatswiri ena okhudzana ndi kugonana, ndi ofufuza atolankhani.

Si zachilendo kuti mafakitole akulu azilipira “atsogoleri amalingaliro” olimbikira kuti alankhule mokomera maudindo omwe mafakitale oterowo angafune kuti akhale / akhalebe mfundo. Chifukwa chake, mukamawerenga zolemba m'manyuzipepala ambiri, kumbukirani kuti maphunziro osiyanasiyana mwina ali ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri. Ndikwanzeru kukayikira ngati zolinga za olankhula ena zimapititsa patsogolo ubwino wa anthu, kapena kusokoneza ubwino wa anthu.


Mkangano wa Classification: Mapepala okhudza momwe mungasankhire bwino CSBD mu ICD-11 (ndi mawu ochokera kwa ena):

Mogwirizana ndi njira zamakono zopangira malingaliro oledzera (mwachitsanzo, Brand et al., 2019Perales et al., 2020), timatsutsa kuti kuwunika momwe zimakhalira kumathandizira kudziwa ngati CSBD ikhoza kuganiziridwa bwino pamalingaliro okonda chizolowezi.

Mu ndemanga iyi, ikukambidwa ngati Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) ili bwino m'gulu la Impulse Control Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder kapena chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi Masewero ndi Kutchova Njuga monga chizolowezi chosokoneza bongo. Zomwe zikutsatizanazi ndi izi: kulephera kudziletsa pa khalidwe lopambanitsa, kupereka patsogolo khalidwe lochulukitsitsa lomwe likufufuzidwa ndi kulimbikitsa khalidwe lotere ngakhale zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa. Kupatula umboni wotsimikizika wokhudzana ndi njira zoyambira, phenomenology imakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyika bwino CSBD. Zochitika za phenomenological za CSBD zimalankhula momveka bwino ya kuyika CSBD pansi pa ambulera yamakhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

kuwonjezera pa udindo wa zolimbikitsa zoipa kuti Gola et al. (2022) fotokozani ngati njira yayikulu pakukula kwa CSBD, kuchipatala, osachepera kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. zabwino zolimbikitsa zolimbikitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Izi zikusintha m'kupita kwa chitukuko4Chithunzi 1 ikuwonetsa momwe izi zingatsogolere kuzizindikiro za "zosokoneza bongo" zomwe zimakhala ndi chidwi, kukakamizidwa, komanso kuzolowera.

Ngakhale kuti Brand ndi ogwira nawo ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri ngati malingaliro ndi njira zomwe zimathandizira kuti anthu azikhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa ndizomveka, titha kuyembekezera ndipo tiyenera kulimbikitsa mkangano wokhudzana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi zizolowezi…

..kufunika kwa njira yolumikizirana yazaumoyo wa anthu pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zinthu zina zosokoneza bongo ndizofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa zovulaza. Kumene maphunziro ochokera kuntchito yokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu okhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vuto la kutchova njuga, ali okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zina zomwe akufuna kuchita, izi zitha kukhala zifukwa zomveka zophatikizidwira pansi pa rubriki iyi.

Ndemanga iyi ikuyang'ana zomwe Brand et al. (2022) ponena za chimango chofotokoza njira zoyenera zoganizira zomwe zingachitike m'gulu la World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) la 'mavuto ena odziwika chifukwa cha zizolowezi'. Timavomereza ndondomekoyi pamene ikuwonetseratu zochitika zachipatala zomwe zimafuna magulu omwe amavomerezana ndi ndondomeko kuti apange njira zodziwira matenda komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuganiza kuti tiwonjezere kufunikira kozindikira zomwe zitha kukhala zosokoneza bongo mwa kuphatikiza muyeso wachinayi wa meta-level: 'umboni wa mabuku otuwa'.


Sintha. Onani nkhani izi za 2 pazinthu: