Debunking "Chifukwa Chiyani Tilikudandaula Kwambiri Kuwona Zolaula?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause)

Marty Klein

Introduction

Kuwunika kumeneku kuli ndi magawo awiri: Gawo 1 likuwonetsa momwe Nicole Prause , Marty Klein ndi Taylor Kohut adanenera molakwika "umboni" wawo wokha wochirikiza bodza lalikulu la nkhaniyi - kuti "kuonera zolaula mokakamiza" sikunatchulidwe mu ICD-11 yatsopano ya "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder". Gawo 2 likuwonetsa zosiyidwa zodabwitsa, zonena zabodza, zolakwika zofufuza, ndi zambiri zomwe zidasankhidwa zomwe zimafalitsa nkhani ya Prause/Klein/Kohut. (Zindikirani: Zambiri mwa zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi zolakwika za nkhaniyi zidabwezerezedwanso kuchokera ku "Kalata kwa mkonzi" wa 2016 yomwe YBOP idachotsa kwathunthu zaka 2 zapitazo: Kutsutsa kwa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zabodza zaposachedwa za maulosi okhudzana ndi chizolowezi" , 2016 .)

Kodi ndani amene ali olemba a izi? nkhani?

Musanayang'anenso tsatanetsatane womwe uli pansipa, ndibwino kuganizira zomwe mawu ofotokozera nkhani zabodza mu Slate amanena. Olemba ake si owonera mopanda tsankho. Cholinga chawo cholimbikitsa zolaula n'chosavuta.

Nicole Prause ndi katswiri wakale wa maphunziro yemwe kale anali ndi mbiri yayitali yozunza ndi kunyoza olemba, ofufuza, akatswiri azachipatala, atolankhani, amuna omwe akuchira, akonzi a magazini, mabungwe angapo, ndi ena omwe amayesa kunena umboni wa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Akuwoneka kuti ali bwino kwambiri ndi makampani opanga zolaula , monga momwe tikuonera pachithunzichi cha iye (kumanja) pa kapeti wofiira wa mwambo wopereka mphoto wa X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) . (Malinga ndi Wikipedia, Mphotho za XRCO zimaperekedwa ndi American X-Rated Critics Organisation chaka chilichonse kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zosangalatsa za akuluakulu ndipo ndi chiwonetsero chokhacho cha mphoto za akuluakulu chomwe chimasungidwa kwa mamembala amakampani okha. [1] ).

Zikuonekanso kuti Prause mwina adapeza ochita zisudzo zolaula ngati mitu kudzera mu gulu lina lochita chidwi ndi makampani opanga zolaula, Free Speech Coalition . Anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali pa FSC akuti adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wake wobwereka mfuti pa ndondomeko yodetsedwa kwambiri komanso yogulitsa kwambiri ya "Orgasmic Meditation" (yomwe tsopano ikufufuzidwa ndi FBI ). Prause waperekanso zonena zosatsimikizika za zotsatira za maphunziro ake ndi njira zake zophunzirira . Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: Kodi Nicole Prause Amakhudzidwa ndi Makampani Opanga Zolaula?

Marty Klein nthawi ina adadzitamandira ndi tsamba lake lawebusayiti pa Hall of Fame ya AVN pozindikira kuti amachirikiza zolaula pothandiza makampani opanga zolaula (kuyambira pomwe adachotsedwa).

Taylor Kohut ndi wofufuza wa ku Canada amene amafalitsa kafukufuku wokondera komanso wopangidwa mosamala monga: “ Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zilidi Zokhudza ‘Kudana ndi Akazi’? ” zomwe zingapangitse owerenga oganiza molakwika kukhulupirira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ali ndi malingaliro ofanana kwa akazi ( iwo sachita ), ndi “ Zotsatira Zodziwika za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ubale wa Awiri ,” zomwe zimayesa kutsutsa maphunziro opitilira 75 omwe akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudza maubwenzi. (Nayi nkhani ya Vimeo yotsutsa maphunziro a Kohut ndi Prause okayikitsa kwambiri .) Webusaiti yatsopano ya Kohut ndi kuyesa kwake kusonkhetsa ndalama zikusonyeza kuti mwina ali ndi cholinga. Tsankho la Kohut linawululidwa momveka bwino muchidule cholembedwa cha Komiti Yokhazikika ya Zaumoyo Ponena za Motion M-47 (Canada). Muchidulechi, monga momwe zilili m'nkhani ya Slate, Kohut ndi olemba anzake anali ndi mlandu wosankha maphunziro angapo akunja pomwe akuwonetsa molakwika momwe kafukufukuyu alili pakadali pano pa zotsatira za zolaula.

GAWO 1: Debunking kudai ICD-11 kupatula "kuwonera zolaula" kuchokera ku "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder"

Anthu okana chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula akukhumudwa chifukwa buku laposachedwa la World Health Organization lofufuza matenda amisala, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), lili ndi matenda atsopano oyenera kuzindikira zomwe zimatchedwa 'chizolowezi chogonana' kapena 'chizolowezi chogonana'. Amatchedwa "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder " (CSBD). Komabe, mu kampeni yodabwitsa ya "Tataya, koma tapambana", anthu okana akhala akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti afotokoze matendawa ngati kukana "chizolowezi chogonana" komanso "chizolowezi chogonana."

Osakhutira ndi nkhani yabodza yonena kuti "akukana chizolowezi chogonana," Nicole Prause, Marty Klein ndi Taylor Kohut, omwe ndi akale otsutsa chizolowezi chogonana, akweza mawu awo okopa chidwi pa nkhani ya Slate ya pa Julayi 30, 2018 : "N'chifukwa Chiyani Tikuda nkhawabe ndi Kuonera Zolaula? " Popanda kupereka umboni uliwonse kupatula malingaliro okha, Prause/Klein/Kohut triumvirate akunena kuti bungwe la WHO lachotsa mwalamulo kuonera zolaula mu matenda a "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder":

Popanda thandizo, komanso popanda mfundo zomveka, Prause/Klein/Kohut angatipangitse kukhulupirira kuti khalidwe lofala kwambiri la kugonana - kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza - lachotsedwa mu buku latsopano la WHO lothandizira matenda (ICD-11). Kupanda pake kwa kampeni ya olemba kukuwonekera pazifukwa zambiri, zina mwa zoonekeratu ndi izi:

  • Izo zikudziwonekera kuti a Chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha CSBD limagwira ntchito kwa iwo omwe akuvutika ndi zolaula amachita. (Onani pansipa.)
  • CSBD sinafotokoze (kapena ayi) aliyense zochitika zogonana.
  • Kafukufuku wamaphunziro ambiri kuti osachepera 80% a anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana (chiwerewere) amanena zolaula zolaula pa intaneti.
  • Zambiri mwaposachedwapa Zotsatira za 50 za sayansi (yomwe WHO inadalira pa chisankho chake kuti ikhale ndi CSBD) yapangidwa oonera zolaula pa intaneti - kotero ndi zopusa kuti awonetsere kuti WHO inaletsa kuonera zolaula koma anaiwala kuti adziwone.

Tisanapite ku kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa zomwe otsutsawo ananena, tiyeni timveke bwino: Palibe kulengeza kapena kunena kosamveka bwino m'mabuku aliwonse a WHO komwe kungatanthauzidwe ngati kuchotsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mofananamo, palibe wolankhulira wa WHO amene adatchulapo kuti matenda a CSBD amachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Nayi matenda a CSBD onse otengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku buku la ICD-11:

Khalidwe logonana lokakamiza limadziwika ndi njira yosalephera yolamulira mwamphamvu, yobwereza chilimbikitso kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimabweretsa kubwereza. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo zochitika zobwerezabwereza zakugonana kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu mpaka kunyalanyaza thanzi komanso chisamaliro chake kapena zofuna zina, ntchito ndi udindo; zoyeserera zingapo zomwe sizinaphule kanthu kuti muchepetse kubwerezabwereza kogonana; ndinapitilizabe kuchita zogonana ngakhale panali zotsatilapo kapena kusakhutira pang'ono kapena ayi.

Njira yolephera kuwongolera mwamphamvu, chikhumbo chogonana kapena zokakamiza ndikuchita zakubwereza zimawonekera nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo), ndipo zimayambitsa kuvutika kwakukulu kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu muwemwini, banja, pagulu, maphunziro, pantchito, kapena mbali zina zofunikira zogwira ntchito. Mavuto omwe akukhudzana kwathunthu ndi malingaliro komanso kusagwirizana pazakukakamiza, zogonana, kapena machitidwe sizokwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Kodi mukuona chilichonse chokhudza kusayang'ana zolaula? Bwanji nanga potsutsa kumangoyendayenda maulendo opitilira chiwerewere? Kodi pali khalidwe lina lililonse la kugonana losasankhidwa? Inde sichoncho. Nyuzipepala ya Prause / Klein / Kohut imatchula palibe kuyankhulana kwa WHO, ndipo imatchula woimira W WHO kapena gulu la ogwira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ndi yongopeka chabe pofalitsidwa ndi zochepa za maphunziro a chitumbuwa omwe mwina amavomerezedwa kapena osati zomwe zimawonekera. (Zowonjezera pansipa).

Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse za mtundu weniweni wa kampeni ya atolankhani ya Prause/Klein/Kohut, werengani mosamala nkhaniyi yokhudza vuto la khalidwe logonana (CSBD) . Mosiyana ndi nkhani yawo ya Slate , nkhani iyi ya pa Julayi 27, 2018 mu " SELF " ikupita mwachindunji ku gwero. Imagwira mawu a wolankhulira wa WHO Christian Lindmeier. Lindmeier ndi m'modzi mwa akuluakulu anayi okha omwe amalankhula ndi WHO omwe atchulidwa patsamba lino: Olankhulana ndi anthu ku likulu la WHO - ndipo wolankhulira wa WHO yekhayo amene adapereka ndemanga yovomerezeka za CSBD! Nkhani ya SELF idafunsanso Shane Kraus, yemwe anali pakati pa gulu logwira ntchito la ICD-11 la Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). Chidule cha mawu a Lindmeir chikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti WHO sinakane "chizolowezi chogonana":

Ponena za CSBD, mfundo yaikulu kwambiri yothetsa mikangano ndi yakuti kapena ayi vutoli liyenera kugawidwa ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "Pali zotsutsana za sayansi zokhudzana ndi kugonana," kapena "ayi". "WHO sagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti chizoloŵezi chogonana chifukwa sitingatenge ngati ndi physiologically mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena ayi."

Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut amanenera molakwika chidutswa chawo chimodzi chokhacho chotchedwa "umboni"

M'ndime yotsatirayi Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut asocheretsa owerenga za "chizolowezi" m'mabuku azachipatala ndikunama za "umboni" wawo umodzi wokha wokhudzana ndi zolaula umachotsedwa pakuwunika kwa ICD-11 CSBD:

Timazoloweranso kudabwa atolankhani akadziwa kuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" sichidziwika ndi buku lililonse la matenda mdziko kapena padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kufalitsidwa kwa International Classification of Diseases (version 11) yaposachedwa mu June , World Health Organization idaganizanso kuti isavomereze kuonera mafilimu ogonana ngati vuto . "Kuonera zolaula" kunaganiziridwa kuti kuphatikizidwa mu gulu la "kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti movutikira", koma WHO idaganiza kuti isaphatikizidwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni womwe ulipo wa vutoli. ("Kutengera ndi deta yochepa yomwe ilipo, chifukwa chake zingawoneke ngati msanga kuiphatikiza mu ICD-11," bungweli lidalemba.) Muyezo wamba waku America, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, udapanga chisankho chomwecho mu mtundu wawo waposachedwa; palibe mndandanda wa chizolowezi choonera zolaula mu DSM-5.

Choyamba, ICD-11 kapena APA's DSM-5 sizigwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kuledzera" pofotokoza kuledzera - kaya ndi kuledzera kutchova juga, kuledzera kwa heroin, kuledzera kwa ndudu, kapena kungotchula dzina lanu. Mabuku onse awiri ofufuza matenda amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "matenda" m'malo mwa "kuledzera" (monga "vuto la kutchova juga," "vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito nicotine," ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa chake, " kuledzera kugonana " ndi " kuledzera zolaula" sizikanakanidwa, chifukwa sizinaganizidwepo mwalamulo m'mabuku akuluakulu ofufuza matenda. Mwachidule, sipadzakhala matenda a "kuledzera zolaula", monganso momwe sipadzakhala matenda a "kuledzera kwa meth". Komabe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi "kuledzera zolaula" kapena "kuledzera kwa methamphetamine" amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe ICD-11 ikupereka.

Chachiwiri, ulalo wa olembawo ukupita ku pepala la 2014 lolembedwa ndi Jon Grant, Impulse control disorders and “behavioural addictions” mu ICD-11 (2014) . Ndisanaulule momwe Nicole Prause adagwiritsira ntchito molakwika pepala la Jon Grant lakale, nazi mfundo zosatsutsika:

(1) Pepala la Jon Grant lili ndi zaka zoposa 4. Ndipotu, maphunziro 39 mwa 45 a mitsempha pa nkhani za CSB omwe alembedwa patsamba lino adasindikizidwa kuyambira pepala la Jon Grant la 2014.

(2) Ndi masenti awiri a Grant, osati pepala lovomerezeka ndi World Health Organisation kapena gulu logwira ntchito la CSBD.

(3) Chofunika kwambiri, palibe paliponse m'nyuzipepala pomwe pamati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyenera kuchotsedwa mu CSBD. Ndipotu, Grant akunena zosiyana: kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndi mtundu wa CSB! Mawu oti "zolaula" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha m'nyuzipepala ndipo nayi zomwe Grant akunena za izi:

Mkangano wachitatu waukulu m'mundawu ndi wakuti ngati kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika ndi vuto lodziyimira pawokha. Gulu Logwira Ntchito linanena kuti iyi ndi vuto losiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungakhale njira yoperekera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa zinthu (monga kusewera masewera kapena kuonera zolaula ). Chofunika kwambiri, kufotokozera za kutchova juga kwa matenda ndi vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza kuyenera kuzindikira kuti machitidwe oterewa akuwoneka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma forum a pa intaneti , kuwonjezera pa malo achikhalidwe, kapena kokha 22 , 23.

Pamenepo, Prause/Klein/Kohut adafotokoza molakwika "umboni" wokhawo womwe akanatha kupeza (fufuzani zoona zake Slate ?).

Komabe, kufotokozedwa molakwika kwa pepala la Grant la 2014, lolembedwa ndi Prause , kwakhala kukuchitika kwa chaka chimodzi. Prause adapanga chithunzi chotsatirachi, chomwe chafalikira pa maakaunti ochezera a pa Intaneti olimbikitsa zofalitsa zolaula . Ndi chithunzi chosinthidwa cha ndime yoyamba ya Jon Grant yomwe yatengedwa pamwambapa. Potengera nthawi yochepa yowonera zomwe zachitika pa Twitter, ofalitsa nkhani amayembekezera kuti muwerenge zomwe zili m'mabokosi ofiira okha, akuyembekeza kuti munyalanyaza zomwe ndimeyo ikunena :

Klein

Ngati munagwa chifukwa cha chinyengo cha bokosi lofiira, mumasemphana ndondomeko yapamwambayi monga:

... zolaula zikuwona ... zokayikitsa ngati pali umboni wa sayansi wokwanira pa nthawi ino kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kuti zikhale ngati matenda. Malinga ndi deta yamakono yamakono, ziwoneke msanga kuziyika mu ICD-11.

Tsopano werengani ndime yonse , ndipo muwona kuti Jon Grant akunena za "vuto la masewera a pa intaneti," osati zolaula. Grant ankakhulupirira kuti zinali zokayikitsa ngati panali umboni wokwanira wa sayansi panthawiyo wotsimikizira kuti Internet Gaming Disorder ili ngati vuto. (Komanso, patatha zaka 4 Gaming disorder ili mu ICD-11 ndipo chithandizo cha sayansi chilipo kwambiri.)

Mkangano wachitatu waukulu m'mundawu ndi wakuti ngati kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika ndi vuto lodziyimira pawokha. Gulu Logwira Ntchito linanena kuti iyi ndi vuto losiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungakhale njira yoperekera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa zinthu (monga kusewera masewera kapena kuonera zolaula). Chofunika kwambiri, kufotokozera za kutchova juga kwa matenda ndi vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza kuyenera kuzindikira kuti machitidwe oterewa akuwoneka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma forum a pa intaneti, kuwonjezera pa malo achikhalidwe, kapena kokha 22 , 23.

DSM-5 yaphatikiza vuto la masewera a pa intaneti mu gawo lakuti “Mikhalidwe yophunzirira mozama”. Ngakhale kuti mwina ndi khalidwe lofunika kulimvetsa, ndipo ndithudi lili ndi mbiri yabwino m'maiko ena 12 , n'zokayikitsa ngati pali umboni wokwanira wasayansi panthawiyi wotsimikizira kuti lili ngati vuto. Kutengera ndi deta yochepa yomwe ilipo, chifukwa chake zingawoneke ngati msanga kuliphatikiza mu ICD-11.

Popanda kuwerenga ma red squares okha , gawo lomwe lili pamwambapa likuwonetsa kuti Jon Grant amakhulupirira kuti kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kungakhale vuto lolamulira malingaliro lomwe lingagwere pansi pa matenda a "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder" (CSBD). Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chinyengo cha "red square" chomwe chidalembedwa pa Twitter ndi ofalitsa nkhani.

Kodi Jon Grant akunena chiyani patatha zaka 4? Grant anali wolemba nawo pa pepala la 2018 lomwe likulengeza (ndipo likuvomereza) kuphatikizidwa kwa CSBD mu ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera: Matenda okhudzana ndi khalidwe logonana mwachisawawa mu ICD-11 . Mu nkhani yachiwiri ya 2018, " Makhalidwe ogonana mwachisawawa: Njira yosaweruza ," Grant akunena kuti Machitidwe Ogonana Mwachisawawa amatchedwanso "chizolowezi chogonana" kapena "hypersexuality" (zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito m'mabuku owunikidwa ndi anzawo ngati mawu ofanana ndi machitidwe aliwonse ogonana mwachisawawa, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza):

Khalidwe lokakamiza kugonana (CSB), lomwe limatchedwanso kuti chizolowezi chogonana kapena hypersexuality, limadziwika ndi kuganizira kwambiri maloto, zilakolako, ndi makhalidwe omwe amavutitsa munthuyo komanso/kapena amachititsa kuti maganizo ake asokonezeke.

Nzosadabwitsa kuti anthu ofalitsa nkhani monga Prause akukumbukira zaka 4 zapitazo kuti afotokoze molakwika za pepala la Jon Grant . Pepala laposachedwa la Grant la 2018 likunena m'chiganizo choyamba kuti CSB imatchedwanso chizolowezi chogonana kapena hypersexuality!

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ICD-11, onani nkhani yaposachedwa ya The Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health (SASH): “Compulsive Sexual Behaviour” yatchulidwa ndi World Health Organization kuti Mental Health Disorder. Imayamba ndi:

Ngakhale mphekesera zochepa zabodza zotsutsana ndi izi, sizowona kuti WHO yakana "zolaula" kapena "chizolowezi chogonana". Khalidwe lokakamiza lakhala likutchulidwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana pazaka zambiri: "chiwerewere", "chizolowezi cholaula", "chizolowezi chogonana", "machitidwe ogonana osalamulirika" ndi zina zotero. M'ndandanda waposachedwa kwambiri wamatenda a WHO amatenga njira yololeza matendawa povomereza "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" (CSBD) ngati matenda amisala. Malinga ndi katswiri wa WHO a Geoffrey Reed, matenda atsopanowa a CSBD "amalola anthu kudziwa kuti ali" ndi thanzi labwino "ndipo atha kupita kuchipatala."

GAWO 2: Kuwonetsa zifukwa zabodza, zonenedwa zonama, maphunziro a chitumbuwa, ndi zolakwika zodabwitsa

Nkhani yotsalira ya Prause / Klein / Kohut imapangitsa kuti owerenga awerenge kuti zolaula ndi nthano komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sikungabweretse mavuto. Kuonjezera apo, amatanthawuza kuti "zolaula" zokhazokha zimatha kunena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kungabweretse zotsatira zoipa. M'chigawo chino timapereka ndondomeko yoyenera ya Prause / Klein / Kohut yomwe ikutsatiridwa ndi kufufuza zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa komanso zowonjezera zomwe zatchulidwa kuti zithandizire. Ngati kuli koyenera ife timapereka maphunziro omwe amatsutsana ndi zomwe akunena.

Chitsanzo cha zomwe zidasungidwa m'nkhaniyi:

Tisanalankhule chilichonse mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu za nkhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti tidziwitse zomwe Prause / Klein / Kohut adasankha kusiya maginito opus awo. Mndandanda wamaphunziro uli ndi zolemba zofunikira komanso maulalo pamapepala oyambilira.

  1. Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 55 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, matenda opatsirana pogonana, mahomoni). Amapereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene zofukufuku zawo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo.
  2. Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 32 zaposachedwa & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  3. Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
  4. Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
  5. Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumagwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kukhutira ndi chibwenzi. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.
  6. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
  7. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe? Onani maphunziro aumwini - Phunziro la 40 limagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana - kapena chidule cha mndandanda wa 2016: Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015. Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga kafukufuku woyeserera zotsatira za kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini owunikiranso a Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachigololo komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu.

“Koma kodi zolaula sizinagwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa?” Ayi, kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwakhala kukukwera m'zaka zaposachedwa: “ Kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kukukwera, choncho musanyalanyaze nkhani zolimbikitsa zolaula .” Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani Debunking the realyourbrainonporn (pornographyresearch.com) “Section Sex Offender”: Mkhalidwe weniweni wa kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, kukakamiza & chiwawa.

  1. Nanga bwanji za chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula? Kufufuza kwina: Kuwunikira kwa Meta of Kudziwitsa za Zolaula ndi Zochita Zomwe Zimachitika muzochita Zakugonana mu General Population Study (2015). Chidule:

Kafukufuku 22 wochokera kumayiko 7 osiyanasiyana adawunikidwa . Kudya mopitirira muyeso kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zogonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso a nthawi yayitali. Mayanjano anali olimba kwambiri pa nkhanza zolankhulidwa kuposa zogonana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zinali zofunika. Kachitidwe ka zotsatira kakusonyeza kuti zachiwawa zitha kukhala chinthu chowonjezera.

“Koma kodi zolaula sizinagwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa?” Ayi, kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwakhala kukukwera m'zaka zaposachedwa: “ Kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kukukwera, choncho musanyalanyaze nkhani zolimbikitsa zolaula .” Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze maphunziro opitilira 100 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, kukakamiza & chiwawa komanso kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula kwapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chichepe.

  1. Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi achinyamata? Onani mndandanda wa pa maphunziro a achinyamata a 280, kapena ndemanga izi zazinthu: ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15. Kuyambira pamapeto a 2012 kafukufuku wa kafukufuku - Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kupenda kafukufuku:

Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wopeza intaneti kwa achinyamata kwapanga mwayi wosayerekezeka wophunzitsa za kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka chomwe chikuwonekera m'mabukuwa chapangitsa ofufuza kufufuza za achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula pa intaneti pofuna kufotokoza ubale umenewu. Pamodzi, maphunzirowa akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula akhoza kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro ndi malingaliro osayenera okhudza kugonana. Pakati pa zomwe zapezeka, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro ogonana olekerera, kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana, komanso kuyesa koyambirira kwa kugonana kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi…. Komabe, zomwe zapezeka nthawi zonse zapezeka zikugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata zomwe zikuwonetsa zachiwawa ndi kuchuluka kwa khalidwe lankhanza la kugonana.

Zolemba zimasonyezanso ubale wina pakati pa achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Atsikana akuti amadziona kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi azimayi omwe amawaona pazolaula, pomwe anyamata amawopa kuti mwina sangakhale ovutitsidwa kapena otha kuchita ngati abambo pazosezi. Achinyamata amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepa pamene kudzidalira kwawo komanso chitukuko cha anthu zikuchulukirachulukira. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka omwe amapezeka pa intaneti, ali ndi magawo ocheperako ogwirizanitsidwa ndi anzawo, amawonjezeka pamavuto azikhalidwe, machitidwe apamwamba onyenga, kuchuluka kwa zisonyezo zokhumudwitsa, ndikuchepetsa mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi omwe akuwasamalira.

Pembedzero, Ley ndi Klein sananene molakwika momwe kafukufuku waposachedwapa wazaka zingapo zapitazi. Tsopano, adasungitsa bwino maphunziro onse akutali, osankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa omwe amatchula kawirikawiri m'nkhaniyi. Tikuulula chowonadi pansipa. Malembedwe oyenera a Prause / Klein / Kohut omwe atchulidwa pano ndi ofanana ndendende munkhaniyi.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #1: Bweretsani pambuyo panga: "DSM-5 kapena ICD-11 sazindikira kuvuta kulikonse, koma zovuta zokha"

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: "Timazoloweranso kudabwa atolankhani akamadziwa kuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" sichidziwika ndi buku lililonse ladziko lonse kapena lapadziko lonse lapansi lothandizira matenda."

Ndi bwino kuyesa kupusitsa owerenga, koma, kachiwiri, ICD-11 kapena APA's DSM-5 sizigwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kuledzera" pofotokoza kuledzera - kaya ndi kuledzera kutchova juga, kuledzera kwa heroin, kuledzera kwa ndudu kapena kungotchula dzina. Mabuku onse awiri ofufuza matenda amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "matenda" m'malo mwa "kuledzera" (monga "vuto la kutchova juga" "vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito nicotine", ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa chake, " kuledzera kugonana " ndi " kuledzera zolaula" sizikanakanidwa, chifukwa sizinaganizidwepo mwalamulo m'mabuku akuluakulu ofufuza matenda. Mwachidule, sipadzakhala matenda a "kuledzera zolaula", monganso momwe sipadzakhala matenda a "kuledzera kwa meth". Komabe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi "kuledzera zolaula" kapena "kuledzera kwa methamphetamine" amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe ICD-11 ikupereka.

Mwa kuzindikira zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi kupanga njira yodziwira zizolowezi zogonana mopitirira muyeso , Bungwe la World Health Organization likugwirizana ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Mu Ogasiti, 2011 akatswiri apamwamba a zizolowezi ku America ku ASAM adatulutsa tanthauzo lawo lalikulu la chizolowezi . Kuchokera ku lipoti la atolankhani la ASAM :

Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kudabwera chifukwa cha ntchito yayikulu, yazaka zinayi yokhala ndi akatswiri opitilira 80 akugwira ntchito molimbika, kuphatikiza oyang'anira osokoneza bongo, asing'anga azachipatala komanso ofufuza otsogola mdziko lonselo. … Patadutsa zaka makumi awiri kupita patsogolo m'maganizo a sayansi kunatsimikizira ASAM kuti kusuta kumayenera kufotokozedwanso ndi zomwe zimachitika muubongo.

Mneneri wa ASAM anafotokoza kuti :

Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kukusiya mosakayikira kuti zizolowezi zonse-kaya ndi mowa, heroin kapena kugonana, amati-ndizofanana. Dr Raju Haleja, Purezidenti wakale wa Canadian Society for Addiction Medicine komanso wapampando wa komiti ya ASAM yomwe idapanga tanthauzo latsopanoli, adauza The Fix, "Tikuyang'ana kuzolowera ngati matenda amodzi, mosiyana ndi omwe amawawona kuti ndi osiyana matenda. Kuledzera ndikoledzera. Zilibe kanthu kuti ubongo wanu ukugundana ndi njira yotani, ukasintha, umakhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zonse. ” … Kugonana kapena kutchova juga kapena kuledzera [ndizomwe] ndizovomerezeka kuchipatala monga kumwa mowa kapena heroin kapena crystal meth.

Pazifukwa zonse zothandiza, tanthauzo la 2011 limathetsa mkangano wokhudza ngati kugonana ndi zizolowezi zolaula ndi " zoledzeretsa zenizeni ." ASAM inanena momveka bwino kuti zizolowezi zogonana zilipo ndipo ziyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi kusintha komweko kwa ubongo komwe kumapezeka mu zizolowezi zoledzeretsa. Kuchokera ku Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri a ASAM:

FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthauza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi chiwerewere. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?

YANKHO: Tanthauzo latsopano la ASAM likusintha kuchoka pa kuyerekeza chizolowezi ndi kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pofotokoza momwe chizolowezi chimagwirizanirananso ndi makhalidwe omwe amapindulitsa. … Tanthauzo ili limati chizolowezi ndi chokhudza kugwira ntchito ndi kayendedwe ka ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi zimasiyanirana ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi. … Chakudya ndi machitidwe ogonana ndi machitidwe a juga zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi 'kufunafuna mphotho' komwe kwafotokozedwa mu tanthauzo latsopanoli la chizolowezi.

Ponena za DSM, bungwe la American Psychiatric Association (APA) mpaka pano lakhala likuchepetsa mphamvu zake zogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ogonana mokakamiza m'buku lake lodziwitsa matenda. Pamene linasintha bukuli komaliza mu 2013 (DSM-5 ) , silinaganizire mwalamulo za "chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti," m'malo mwake linasankha kukambirana za "vuto la hypersexual." Mawu omalizawa a khalidwe lovuta la kugonana adalimbikitsidwa kuti alowetsedwe ndi gulu la DSM-5 la Sexuality Work Group pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zowunikira. Komabe, mu gawo la "nyenyezi chamber" la ola la khumi ndi limodzi (malinga ndi membala wa Work Group), akuluakulu ena a DSM-5 adakana kugonana mopitirira muyeso, ponena zifukwa zomwe zafotokozedwa kuti sizomveka.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa udindo umenewu, DSM-5 inanyalanyaza umboni wovomerezeka, mauthenga ofala a zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe omwe akugwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi kuledzera kwa odwala ndi madokotala awo, komanso ndondomeko ya zikwi zambiri za akatswiri azachipatala ndi kafukufuku ku American Society of Addiction Mankhwala.

Momwemonso, DSM yapeza otsutsa osiyana omwe amatsutsa njira yake yonyalanyaza ziphunzitso zenizeni ndi zachipatala kuti zitha kuwonetsa zizindikiro zake zokha. Otsatirawa amalola zolakwika, zosankha zandale zomwe zimatsutsa zoona. Mwachitsanzo, DSM kamodzi mwachindunji inasankha kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga matenda a maganizo.

DSM-5 isanatulutsidwe mu 2013, Thomas Insel, yemwe panthawiyo anali Mtsogoleri wa National Institute of Mental Health, anachenjeza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti gawo la zaumoyo wamaganizo lisiye kudalira DSM . " Kufooka kwake ndi kusowa kwake kovomerezeka ," anafotokoza, ndipo " sitingapambane ngati tigwiritsa ntchito magulu a DSM ngati "muyezo wagolide. " Anawonjezera kuti, " Ndicho chifukwa chake NIMH idzasintha kafukufuku wake kuchoka ku magulu a DSM ." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, NIMH idzasiya kupereka ndalama zofufuzira kutengera zilembo za DSM (ndi kusakhalapo kwawo).

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona zomwe zikuchitika ndi ndondomeko yotsatira ya DSM. (Zindikirani: DSM-5 adayambitsa chikhalidwe choledzera)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #2: Misozi ya nyanga

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Asayansi ndi madokotala omwe akupereka umboni wotsutsa nkhani zowononga izi—ndipo ifenso timadziona kuti ndife m'gulu limenelo—amakumana ndi chitsutso chachikulu pa kafukufuku wawo pa chikhalidwe ndi ndale. Zingakhale zovuta kuti uthengawu ufike kwa anthu onse.

Olemba awa amanena kuti ochirikiza zolaula "amakumana ndi kutsutsidwa kwakukulu kwa anthu ndi ndale ndi kafukufuku wawo" ndipo "zingakhale zovuta kuti izi zidziwike kwa anthu onse." Sizili choncho. Ndipotu, ochirikiza zolaula amaimiridwa mopitirira muyeso m'manyuzipepala , ndipo achita zambiri, nthawi zambiri mseri, kuti aletse umboni wotsutsana wa kuvulaza zolaula m'mabuku otchuka komanso amaphunziro. ( Zitsanzo )

Chotsatira, olemba awa sapereka umboni wa zovuta zawo zandale ndi za ndale. Ziŵerengero zochepa zidzatithandiza kuwulula zinthu zenizeni.

Kusaka pa Google kwa "Nicole Prause" + zolaula kwabweretsa zotsatira 16,600 pazaka zochepa chabe. Kuwonetsedwa kwa Prause m'manyuzipepala akuluakulu kumaphatikizapo mawu a malingaliro ake olimbikitsa zolaula/zotsutsana ndi zolaula m'manyuzipepala ena otchuka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo Slate, Daily Beast, The Atlantic, Rolling Stone, CNN, NPR, Vice, The Sunday Times , ndi manyuzipepala ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Mwachionekere Prause amapeza zomwe amalipira kuchokera ku kampani yake yokongola yolumikizirana ndi anthu. Onani https://web.archive.org/web/20221006103520/http://media2x3.com/category/nikky-prause/

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mnzake wapamtima wa Prause, David Ley, amalandira chithandizo chofanana ndi cha atolankhani. Kusaka pa Google kwa "David Ley" + zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira 18,000 - makamaka chifukwa chakuti analemba buku lotchedwa The Myth of Sex Addiction (popanda kuphunzira mozama za chizolowezi). Kusaka pa Google kwa "Marty Klein" + zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira 41,500 kwa zaka zambiri.

Sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala ndi maganizo a olemba awa a 3, komanso zimatenga mbiri ya okhulululirawa pamtengo wapatali - popanda kufunafuna maganizo otsutsa a akatswiri akuluakulu omwe asindikiza maphunziro ambiri a zamaganizo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akuwonetsa umboni wa zolaula zotsatira. Ena mwa iwo ndi Marc Potenza, Matthias Brand, Valerie Voon, Christian Laier, Simone Kühn, Jürgen Gallinat, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken, Ji-Woo Seok, Jin-Hun Sohn, Mateusz Gola ndi ena.

Nayi chitsanzo choyerekeza. Kusaka pa Google kwa "Matthias Brand" + zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira 2,200 zokha. Kusiyana pakati pa nkhani za Brand wamaphunziro odziwika bwino ndi omwe si a maphunziro apamwamba. Prause, Ley ndi Klein kukuvumbula zambiri. Brand walemba maphunziro opitilira 340 , ndiye mkulu wa Dipatimenti ya Psychology: Cognition, ku University of Duisburg-Essen , ndipo wafalitsa maphunziro ambiri ozikidwa pa neuroscience pa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula kuposa wofufuza wina aliyense padziko lapansi. (Onani mndandanda wake wa maphunziro ake okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zolaula apa: maphunziro 20 a mitsempha ndi ndemanga 4 za mabuku .)

Mwachionekere, ndi ofufuza ozama kwambiri omwe amasankhidwa m'manyuzipepala. Chifukwa chake, owerenga akulangizidwa kuti atenge nkhani ya olemba zolaula awa yokhudza mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pofalitsa malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi zolaula ndi kukayikira koyenera. Atolankhani ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wodalirika komanso wosakondera m'munda woswekawu komanso wosweka.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #3: Cholemba cha blog Playboy wolemba ndizo zonse zomwe muli nazo?

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: Amauzidwanso kuti pali mliri wa vuto la kugonana lomwe limayamba mwa anyamata ndipo kuti zolaula ndiye chifukwa chake (ngakhale umboni weniweni ukusonyeza kuti palibe ).

Prause/Klein/Kohut akuyesera mopanda kukhutiritsa kukwera kwa vuto la kugonana kwa achinyamata ndi nkhani ya blog ya Epulo, 2018 yolembedwa ndi Justin Lehmiller, yemwe nthawi zonse amalipidwa ku Playboy Magazine . Siziyenera kudabwitsa aliyense kuti Lehmiller ndi mnzake wapamtima wa Prause, atamuwonetsa m'ma blog ake osachepera khumi . Ma blog awa ndi ena ambiri a Lehmiller amapitiliza nkhani zabodza zomwezo: kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikubweretsa mavuto ndipo chizolowezi cha zolaula/zovuta zogonana zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula sizilipo. Tisanalankhule za chinyengo cha Lehmiller chokhudza vuto la kugonana lomwe limayambitsa zolaula, tiyeni tiwone umboni.

Chiwerengero cha ED m'mbiri: Kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa erectile kunayesedwa koyamba mu 1940s pamene lipoti la Kinsey linatsimikiza kuti kufalikira kwa ED kunali kochepera 1% mwa amuna osakwana zaka 30, ochepera 3% mwa amuna azaka 30-45. Ngakhale kuti maphunziro a ED pa anyamata ndi ochepa, kusanthula kwa 2002 kwa maphunziro 6 apamwamba a ED kunanena kuti 5 mwa 6 adanena kuti kuchuluka kwa ED kwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 ndi pafupifupi 2% . Kafukufuku wachisanu ndi chimodzi adanenanso ziwerengero za 7-9%, koma funso lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito silingafanane ndi maphunziro ena asanu, ndipo silinayese vuto la erectile losatha : " Kodi munali ndi vuto losunga kapena kukwaniritsa kukhazikika nthawi iliyonse chaka chatha ?" (Komabe kafukufuku wosadziwika bwino uyu ndi womwe Lehmiller amagwiritsa ntchito mosasamala poyerekeza.)

Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2006, mawebusayiti aulere owonera zolaula adapezeka pa intaneti ndipo adatchuka nthawi yomweyo. Izi zidasintha kwambiri momwe anthu amaonera zolaula . Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, owonera amatha kukwera mosavuta panthawi yogonana popanda kudikira.

Maphunziro asanu ndi anayi kuyambira 2010: Maphunziro khumi omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2010 akuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa zovuta za erectile. Izi zalembedwa m'nkhaniyi komanso mu pepala lowunikidwa ndi anzawo lokhudza madokotala 7 a US Navy - Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016) . Mu maphunziro 10, kuchuluka kwa zovuta za erectile kwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 kunayambira pa 14% mpaka 37%, pomwe kuchuluka kwa libido yochepa kunayambira pa 16% mpaka 37%. Kupatula kubwera kwa zolaula zowonera (2006) palibe kusintha kokhudzana ndi ED ya achinyamata komwe kwasintha kwambiri m'zaka 10-20 zapitazi (kusuta kwatsika, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuli kokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa amuna azaka 20-40 kwakwera ndi 4% yokha kuyambira 1999 - onani kafukufukuyu ).

Kukwera kwaposachedwa kwa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana kukugwirizana ndi kufalitsidwa kwa maphunziro pafupifupi 40 omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "chizolowezi chogonana" ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana . Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti maphunziro 7 oyamba omwe ali pamndandandawu akuwonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa , pomwe ophunzira adachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa zovuta zogonana (pazifukwa zachilendo nkhani ya Slate sinatchule maphunziro aliwonse 30 awa). Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa, tsamba lino lili ndi nkhani ndi makanema a akatswiri oposa 140 (aphunzitsi a urology, akatswiri a urology, akatswiri amisala, akatswiri a zamaganizo, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, akatswiri a MD) omwe amavomereza ndipo apambana pochiza ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula komanso kutaya chilakolako chogonana komwe kumayambitsa zolaula.

Katswiri wa Lehmiller: Lehmiller anasankha mosamala maphunziro awiri osagwirizana, omwe deta yake inalekanitsidwa ndi zaka 18, pofuna kutsimikizira owerenga kuti kuchuluka kwa ED nthawi zonse kwakhala pafupifupi 8% kwa amuna osakwana zaka 40:

1) "Momwe zinthu zinaliri zophunzirira" kuyambira mu 1992 ndi yomwe inafunsa kuti: " Kodi munali ndi vuto lokhala ndi pakati kapena kukwaniritsa cholinga chokhazikika nthawi ina iliyonse chaka chatha ?" Chiwerengero cha inde pa funsoli chinali pakati pa 7-9%.

2) "Kafukufuku wamakono" wokhala ndi deta ya 2010-12 yomwe idafunsa ngati amuna anali ndi vuto lopeza kapena kusunga chigololo kwa miyezi itatu kapena kuposerapo chaka chatha ." Kafukufukuyu adafotokoza zotsatirazi za mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 16-21:

  • Kusakhudzidwa ndi kugonana: 10.5%
  • Zovuta kufika pachimake: 8.3%
  • Kuvuta kukwaniritsa kapena kusunga erection: 7.8%

Lehmiller "adafotokozera mwachidule" izi zomwe adapeza kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la masomphenya poyesa kuwasokeretsa:

"Ngakhale kuti nkhanizi zidasonkhanitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana akumadzulo ndipo mayankho amafunsidwe anali osiyana, zikuwonetsa kuti ziwerengerozi zikufanana potengera kuti zatchulidwazi zidasiyana zaka 20. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mwina kuchuluka kwa ED sikukukwera kumene mwa anyamata. ”

Pepani Justin, koma mafunsowa sali "olembedwa mosiyana"; ndi mafunso osiyana kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa mu 1992 adafunsa ngati chaka chatha nthawi ina iliyonse munali ndi vuto lodzuka . Izi zikuphatikizapo pamene munali oledzera, odwala, ongosamba katatu motsatizana, omwe munali ndi nkhawa yochita zinthu, kapena china chilichonse. Ndikudabwa kuti ndi 7-9% yokha. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wa mu 2010 adafunsa ngati munali ndi vuto losatha la erectile dysfunction kwa miyezi itatu kapena kuposerapo: izi zinali za ana azaka zapakati pa 16-21, osati amuna azaka 39 ndi kupitirira apo!

Monga ananenera munthu wina wothandizira anthu odwala matendawa, “kusanthula kwasayansi” kwa Justin Lehmiller sikunasinthidwe kwenikweni ngati utolankhani.

Koma mungafunse kuti: Chifukwa chiyani ma ED ED okhudzana ndi 8% mu phunziro la 2010-2012, komabe 14-37% mu maphunziro ena a 9 adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2010?

  1. Choyamba, 8% si otsika, monga momwe zingatanthauzire kuwonjezeka kwa 600% -800% kwa amuna pansi pa 40.
  2. Chachiwiri, sanali amuna pansi pa 40 - anali 16 kwa zaka za 21, choncho pafupifupi palibe a iwo ayenera kukhala ndi ED osatha. Mu 1940s, a Nkhani ya Kinsey inatha kuti kufalikira kwa ED kunali zosakwana 1% mwa amuna aang'ono kuposa zaka 30.
  3. Chachitatu, mosiyana ndi maphunziro ena 9 omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wosadziwika, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito zoyankhulana kunyumba. (Ndizotheka kuti achinyamata sangakhale odziwika bwino pamikhalidwe yotere.)
  4. Phunzirolo linasonkhanitsa deta yake pakati pa August, 2010 ndi September, 2012. Zofukufuku zomwe zikufotokoza kukula kwakukulu kwa pansi pa 25 ED poyamba zinapezeka mu 2011. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa 25 ndi pansi pa gulu la anthu amanenera mitengo yoposa (onani izi Kafukufuku wa 2014 pa achinyamata a ku Canada).
  5. Maphunziro ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito IIEF-5 kapena IIEF-6, yomwe imayesa mavuto a kugonana pamlingo wosiyana, kusiyana ndi wophweka inde or ayi (m'miyezi itatu yapitayi) omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito papepala losankhidwa ndi Lehmiller.

Maphunziro awiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwewo: 2001 vs. 2011 : Musanachoke pamutuwu, ndibwino kuyang'ana kafukufuku wina wosatsutsika womwe ukuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa ED kwa zaka khumi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri (zomwe zimawonjezera kudalirika). Amuna onse adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito funso lomwelo (inde/ayi) lokhudza ED, monga gawo la Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behavior (GSSAB), lomwe linaperekedwa kwa amuna 13,618 ochita zogonana m'maiko 29. Izi zinachitika mu 2001-2002.

Patatha zaka khumi, mu 2011, funso lomwelo la "mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana" (inde/ayi) lochokera ku GSSAB linaperekedwa kwa amuna 2,737 ochita zogonana ku Croatia, Norway ndi Portugal . Gulu loyamba, mu 2001-2002, linali la zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 80. Gulu lachiwiri, mu 2011, linali la zaka 40 ndi kuchepera.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu, munthu anganene kuti amuna achikulire adzakhala ndi zigoli zambiri za ED kuposa anyamata achichepere, omwe zigoli zawo sizikanayenera kukhala zochepa. Sizinali choncho. M'zaka khumi zokha, zinthu zinasintha kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha ED cha 2001-2002 cha amuna azaka zapakati pa 40-80 chinali pafupifupi 13% ku Europe. Pofika mu 2011, chiŵerengero cha ED ku Ulaya, azaka zapakati pa 18-40, chinali kuyambira 14-28%!

Kodi n’chiyani chinasintha m’malo ogonana a amuna panthawiyi? Kusintha kwakukulu kunali kulowa pa intaneti ndi mwayi wopeza makanema olaula (kutsatiridwa ndi mwayi wowonera zolaula mu 2006, kenako mafoni a m’manja kuti azionere). Mu kafukufuku wa 2011 pa anthu aku Croatia, aku Norway ndi aku Portugal, Apwitikizi anali ndi chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha ED ndipo aku Norway anali ndi chiwerengero chokwera kwambiri. Mu 2013, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amalowa pa intaneti ku Portugal kunali 67% yokha, poyerekeza ndi 95% ku Norway.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira wolemba Chithunzi cha Nicole ali maubale oyandikana ndi zolaula ndipo wamangika chifukwa cha PIED yolemetsa, atapumira a Nkhondo ya zaka 3 pa pepala ili la maphunziro, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amazunza komanso kupusitsa anyamata omwe achira ku zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Onani zolemba: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Mpingo wa Nowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10, Alex Rhodes # 11, Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes pamodzi # 12, Alexander Rhodes # 13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem # 4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #4: Nanga bwanji ngati meme ikuthandizidwa mokwanira ndi mabuku owonetsedwa ndi anzawo?

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Anthu amauzidwa kuti zolaula ndizoopsa m'mabanja ndipo kuzionera kungawononge chilakolako chanu chogonana.

Ngati anthu akuuzidwa izi, mwina chifukwa kafukufuku aliyense wokhudza amuna wanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana kapena ubale. Ponseponse, maphunziro opitilira 75 amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusakhutira pang'ono ndi kugonana. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa kusanthula uku kwa maphunziro ena osiyanasiyana Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kukhutira ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Kusanthula kwa Meta (2017) :

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu m'mafukufuku osiyanasiyana, kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndi zoyeserera . Kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu sikunayang'aniridwe ndi chaka chomwe adatulutsidwa kapena momwe adafalitsidwira.

Ponena za kuwononga chilakolako chogonana, maphunziro 37 amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana ndi chilakolako chogonana . Monga zitsanzo, tikupereka maphunziro 5 mwa 37 omwe ali pansipa:

1) Chitsanzo Cholamulira Zinthu Ziwiri - Udindo wa Kuletsa Kugonana & Chisangalalo Mu Chilakolako ndi Khalidwe Logonana (2007) - Uwu unali kafukufuku woyamba pa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula (ndi Kinsey Institute). Mu kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zamavidiyo wamba zomwe "zidagwira ntchito" kale, 50% ya anyamata tsopano sakanatha kudzuka kapena kuchita chigololo ndi zolaula (zaka zapakati zinali 29). Ofufuza odabwa adapeza kuti vuto la kugonana kwa amuna linali,

zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe anali ndi vuto la kugonana anali atakhala nthawi yayitali m'mabala ndi m'mabafa komwe zolaula zinali " ponseponse " komanso " kusewera nthawi zonse. " Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi nkhaniyi kunalimbikitsa lingaliro lathu kuti ena mwa iwo anali ndi chidwi chokwanira kufooka kwawoneka kuti zakhala zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ochepa kwambiri pa "vanilla kugonana" komanso kuti chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zachikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo kusowa kwachindunji mitundu ya zokakamiza kuti awutse.

2) Kapangidwe ka Ubongo ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula (2014) - Kafukufuku wofufuza ubongo wa Max Planck womwe unapeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo kokhudzana ndi chizolowezi komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimadyedwa. Unapezanso kuti zolaula zambiri zikamadya kwambiri, ntchito yocheperako ya dera lolandira mphotho poyankha kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kochepa (masekondi .530) ku zolaula za vanila. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn akunena mu nkhani yofalitsa nkhani ya Max Planck anati :

“Timalingalira kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi zolaula kwambiri amafunikira kukulitsidwa kuti alandire mphotho yomweyo. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti kuonerera zolaula nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti mulandire mphoto. Zingafanane ndi malingaliro akuti mabungwe awo olipira amafunikira kukulitsidwa. ”

3) Achinyamata ndi zolaula pa intaneti: nthawi yatsopano yogonana (2015) - Kafukufuku waku Italyyu adasanthula zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti pa omaliza maphunziro a sekondale, wolembedwa ndi pulofesa wa urology Carlo Foresta , purezidenti wa Italian Society of Reproductive Pathophysiology. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndichakuti 16% ya omwe amaonera zolaula kangapo pa sabata amanena kuti chilakolako chogonana chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi 0% mwa omwe sagula - zomwe ndi zomwe mungayembekezere kwa amuna azaka 18.

4) Makhalidwe a Odwala Malinga ndi Mtundu wa Kutumiza kwa Hypersexual: Kuwunikanso Tchati Chochuluka cha Milandu 115 Yotsatizana ya Amuna (2015) - Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna (azaka zapakati pa 41.5) omwe ali ndi matenda a hypersexual, monga paraphilias, kuseweretsa maliseche kosatha kapena chigololo. Amuna 27 adatchulidwa kuti ndi "odziteteza ku maliseche," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adaseweretsa maliseche kwa ola limodzi kapena angapo patsiku, kapena maola opitilira 7 pa sabata. Zomwe zapezeka: 71% ya amuna omwe adaseweretsa maliseche nthawi zonse adanena kuti ali ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, ndipo 33% adanenanso kuti adachedwa kutulutsa umuna (nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula).

5) “Ndikuganiza kuti zakhala ndi vuto lalikulu m'njira zambiri koma nthawi yomweyo sindingathe kusiya kuzigwiritsa ntchito”: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika pakati pa achinyamata aku Australia (2017) – Kafukufuku wa pa intaneti wa anthu aku Australia, azaka zapakati pa 15-29. Anthu omwe adaonerapo zolaula (n=856) adafunsidwa funso lotseguka: 'Kodi zolaula zakhudza bwanji moyo wanu?'

"Pakati pa omwe adayankha funsoli (n = 718), kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kunali kudzizindikiritsa ndi omwe adayankha 88. Amuna omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe anena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula movutikira kunawonetsa zotsatirapo zitatu: pakugonana, kukondweretsedwa komanso maubale.

Mutu wa gawo lino, mobwerezabwereza mu nkhaniyi, ndi Prause / Klein / Kohut kupanga mauthenga olimbitsa mtima osagwirizana ngakhale kuti akutsutsana ndi umboni wodabwitsa.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #5: Phunziro lina la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito deta ndikuika zowonjezera

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kafukufuku woyamba wowunikira anzawo mdziko lonse wokhudza kuonera mafilimu ogonana unangofalitsidwa mu 2017 ku Australia. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 84 peresenti ya amuna ndi 54 peresenti ya akazi adawonerapo zinthu zogonana. Ponseponse, 3.69 peresenti ya amuna (144 mwa 3,923) ndi 0.65 peresenti ya akazi (28 mwa 4,218) mu kafukufukuyu ankakhulupirira kuti anali "okonda" zolaula, ndipo theka lokha la gululi linanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa miyoyo yawo.

Popeza Alan McKee, wofufuza za zolaula, ndiye wolemba kafukufukuyu, adatchulidwa pano, sizodabwitsa kuti mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi unabisika m'matebulo a kafukufukuyu, pomwe chidule cha mawu anzeru chimasiya owerenga ndi lingaliro lakuti ochepa okha mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhulupirira kuti zolaula zili ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. McKee wakhala ndi mbiri yayitali yoteteza zolaula. Iye analemba " The Porn Report ", yomwe kafukufuku wa ABC adati inali " yolinga cha malingaliro kuti apereke kupepesa kwa makampani ogonana ".

Ndipotu, ABC inavumbulutsa kuti: “ Ntchito yomwe bukuli lachokera inathandizidwa ndi Australian Research Council kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2004, ndipo inachitidwa mogwirizana ndi, komanso mothandizidwa ndi, bungwe lalikulu la zamalonda ogonana ku Australia , Eros Association, pamodzi ndi mabizinesi olaula monga Gallery Entertainment ndi Axis Entertainment .” (kugogomezera kwaperekedwa)

Ndiye ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zinapezeka mu kafukufuku wa ku Australia? 17% ya amuna ndi akazi azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 30 adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunawakhudza kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti detayi ndi ya zaka 6 (2012), ndipo mafunsowa amachokera pa kudziona okha. Kumbukirani kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri samadziona ngati osokoneza bongo. Ndipotu, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ambiri sadziwa ngati angagwiritse ntchito zolaula pokhapokha atasiya kwa nthawi yayitali. Nayi chithunzi cha Gome 5 (zotsatira):

Kodi mitu yankhani kuchokera ku kafukufukuyu ikanakhala yosiyana bwanji ngati olembawo akanagogomezera zomwe adapeza kuti pafupifupi wachinyamata m'modzi mwa asanu amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali ndi "zotsatira zoyipa pa iwo" ? Nchifukwa chiyani anayesa kuchepetsa izi mwa kuzinyalanyaza ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za magawo osiyanasiyana - m'malo mongoyang'ana gulu la anthu azaka za m'ma 1900 omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto pa intaneti?

Nazi zifukwa zina zoonjezera kuti mutenge mutuwu ndi tirigu wamchere:

  1. Ichi chinali chiwerengero choyimira magawo a zaka zapakati pazaka 16-69, amuna ndi akazi. Zimatsimikizirika kuti anyamata ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti. Choncho, 25% ya amuna ndi 60% ya amayiwo sankawone zolaula kamodzi pamwezi yomaliza ya 12. Momwemo ziwerengerozi zimasonkhanitsa kuchepetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ngozi.
  2. Funso limodzi, lomwe lidafunsa ophunzira ngati agwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'miyezi yapitayi ya 12, silimatanthauza tanthauzo pakuwona zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe adakumana ndi pulogalamu yolaula amakhala pagulu ndi munthu amene amadziseweretsa maliseche katatu patsiku kuti azichita zolaula.
  3. Komabe, kafukufukuyu atafunsira kwa omwe "adawonapo zolaula" zomwe adawona zolaula m'chaka chatha, chiwerengero chachikulu chinali achinyamata gulu. 93.4% ya iwo adawonera chaka chatha, ndi zaka 20-29 omwe ali kumbuyo kwawo pa 88.6.
  4. Zambiri zidasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa Okutobala 2012 ndi Novembala 2013. Zinthu zasintha kwambiri mzaka 4 zapitazi chifukwa chololeza kwama smartphone - makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito achichepere.
  5. Mafunso adafunsidwa pakompyuta telefoni zoyankhulana. Ndi chibadwa chaumunthu kukhala omveka bwino pamafunso osadziwika bwino, makamaka akafunsidwa pazokhudza nkhani zovuta monga zolaula komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula.
  6. Mafunsowa amachokera podziona okha. Kumbukirani kuti oledzera kawirikawiri amadziona ngati oledzera. Ndipotu, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawoneka kuti sangagwirizane ndi zolaula pokhapokha atasiya nthawi yaitali.
  7. Kafukufukuyu sanagwiritse ntchito mafunso amafunso (osadziwika), zomwe zikanatha kuwunika zolaula komanso zomwe zimakhudza ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi deta yochokera ku maphunziro aposachedwapa yomwe ophunzira onse adawonera mwadala zolaula pa intaneti kamodzi komaliza, tinene, miyezi 3-6, kapena chaka chatha ndi yotani?

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #6: Phunziro limasonyeza kuti kudzipusitsa kwafala ku Canada

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa omwe amakhulupirira kuti "ali ndi chizolowezi" cha zolaula, kukhululuka kungakhale kodzidzimutsa: Kafukufuku wotsatira anthu pakapita nthawi adapeza kuti akazi 100 pa 100 ndi amuna 95 pa 100 omwe amada nkhawa ndi machitidwe awo ogonana nthawi zambiri (kachiwiri, osawunikidwa kuchipatala) sanamvenso kuti anali ndi chizolowezi chogonana mkati mwa zaka zisanu ngakhale kuti palibe cholembedwa chovomerezeka.

Kuzungulira koyamba: Mosiyana ndi chigawochi, kafukufuku waku Canada sanafunse ophunzirawo ngati “ankakhulupirira kuti ndi oledzera.” M’malo mwake, kamodzi pachaka (2006 mpaka 2011) ophunzirawo anafunsidwa “ngati kuchita nawo kwambiri khalidweli kunawabweretsera mavuto aakulu m’miyezi 12 yapitayi”. Makhalidwe asanu ndi limodziwo anali: kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugula zinthu, kucheza pa intaneti, kusewera masewera apakanema, kudya kapena kuchita zogonana. Chigawo cha Slate chikunena za kuchuluka kwa ophunzira omwe ankaganiza kuti anali ndi vuto lalikulu m’zaka ZONSE 5.

Kuzungulira kwachiwiri: Mosiyana ndi gawo lachidule, machitidwe onse ovuta okhudzana ndi kugonana adagawidwa m'gulu limodzi - monga momwe ICD-11 idachitira ndi CSBD. Panalibe "kukhululukidwa ku chizolowezi cha zolaula" chifukwa palibe amene adafunsidwa ngati amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula.

Kuzungulira kwachitatu: Mosiyana ndi kuzungulira, machitidwe ovuta ogonana anali vuto lokhazikika kwambiri, zomwe ndizodabwitsa chifukwa zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti kwa ambiri chilakolako cha kugonana chimayamba kuchepa ndi ukalamba. Chidule cha kafukufukuyu:

Deta yathu inasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri machitidwe a vuto omwe adanenedwa anali osakhalitsa (Gome 3 ). M'chitsanzo chachiwiri cha omwe adayankha omwe adanena za khalidwe la vuto linalake, ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adanenanso za khalidwe lopitirira muyeso lomwe laperekedwa kamodzi kokha mkati mwa nthawi ya kafukufuku wazaka 5. Ngakhale khalidwe lokhazikika kwambiri la vuto (khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso) linanenedwa kasanu kokha ndi 5.4% ya amuna omwe adanenanso kuti ali ndi vuto ndi khalidwe la vutoli.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto kuposa momwe amaonera kuti ali ndi vuto: Mu chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha kudzinyenga, anthu 38 okha mwa anthu 4,121 omwe adatenga nawo mbali adaganiza kuti ali ndi vuto la kudya (kuyankha 'inde' m'zaka 4 mwa 5). Mwanjira ina, anthu osakwana 1% aku Canada amakhulupirira kuti zizolowezi zawo zodyera zimawabweretsera mavuto kapena ali ndi vuto la chisokonezo . Kodi izi zingatheke bwanji pamene 30% ya akuluakulu aku Canada ndi onenepa kwambiri, pomwe ena 43% ndi onenepa kwambiri ? Tisaiwale kuti 27% otsala a aku Canada omwe si onenepa kwambiri, koma mwina akukumana ndi vuto la kudya, monga anorexia nervosa kapena bulimia.

Kodi anthu oposa 99% a ku Canada angakhulupirire bwanji kuti kudya kwawo kulibe nkhawa, pamene ambiri a iwo amaoneka kuti ali ndi vuto? Ndipo kodi chidziwitsocho chimatiuza chiyani za phunziro ili? Mwinamwake sikuti anthu kawirikawiri amakhala ndi makhalidwe ovuta, kapena makhalidwe awo ovuta amatha. Mwinamwake, zikuwonetsa zomwe zimavomerezedwa: ife anthu ndife okonzeka kunama.

Kafukufuku wa 2018 pa osewera pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kudzinyenga komweko komweko. 44% ya osewera omwe adakwaniritsa zofunikira za chizolowezi adaganiza kuti alibe mavuto: Kusagwirizana pakati pa kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi kuzindikira matenda amasewera pa intaneti mwa achinyamata.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #7: "Palibe kafukufuku m'modzi wowonedwa ndi anzawo amene amachirikiza zonena zathu, chifukwa chake ndilemba nkhani yosasanthulidwa ndi anzawo ... mu Chidatchi"

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Koma kodi mafilimu ogonana ndi oipa pa maubwenzi? Mu chitsanzo cha dziko lonse cha ku Dutch, kuonera mafilimu ogonana sikunali kogwirizana ndi mavuto a kugonana muubwenzi.

M'malo angapo Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kutsimikizira owerenga kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungakhudze ubale wapamtima. Ayenera kuti akugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera komanso zowona zandale kuti "amenyane ndi adani anu," koma sizigwira ntchito. Tidzatchula mobwerezabwereza momwe zinthu ziliri ndi anzawo ndikuwonetsa zomwe akuchita. M'nkhaniyi yomwe ikusonyeza kuti zolaula "sizoyipa maubwenzi" amangotchula nkhani imodzi yokha, mu Chidatchi, chomwe sichimayang'aniridwa ndi anzawo.

Ngati akanachita kafukufuku wowunikidwa ndi anzawo kuti athandizire mfundo yakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikukhudza maubwenzi, akanatha kunena zimenezo. Monga tanenera kale, maphunziro opitilira 75 amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana ndi ubale . Monga momwe tikudziwira , maphunziro onse okhudza amuna (omwe ndi ambiri mwa maphunziro) anena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kosayenera kwa kugonana kapena ubale. Ngakhale maphunziro ochepa ofalitsidwa akugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi ndi kukhutitsidwa kosayenera (kapena kwabwinoko) kwa kugonana, ambiri mwa iwo sanatero. Onani mndandanda uwu wa maphunziro 35 okhudzana ndi akazi omwe akufotokoza zotsatira zoyipa pa chilakolako cha kugonana, kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana, ndi maubwenzi.

Pofufuza kafukufukuyu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi ogwirizana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zonse (ndipo motero amatha kunena za zotsatira zake) ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Deta yayikulu, yoyimira dziko lonse lapansi ndi yochepa, koma General Social Survey inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi onse aku US adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Funsoli linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Pornography and Marriage , 2014) . Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi akazi achichepere mwina kwawonjezeka kuyambira 2004. Komabe, maphunziro omwe akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu mwa akazi akunena za akazi ochepa (mwina 1-2% yokha ya akazi). Mwachitsanzo, pansipa pali graph kuchokera ku kafukufuku wochepa wonena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu mwa akazi.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mawu akuti "Full" amatanthauza amuna ndi akazi pamodzi. Popeza mawu akuti "Full" ndi "Amuna" ndi ofanana kwambiri, izi zikutiuza kuti pafupifupi onse ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna. Mwanjira ina, akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kawiri kapena katatu pamwezi kapena kuposerapo mwina ndi 1-2% yokha ya akazi onse. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa 2004 woimira dziko lonse womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa pomwe 2.4% yokha ya akazi adapita patsamba la zolaula mwezi watha.

Klein

Izi zikubweretsa mafunso angapo osayankhidwa: Kodi ndi zikhalidwe zotani zomwe 1% -2% ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito, komabe zokhutira kwambiri? Kodi ali mu BDSM kapena makina ena? Kodi ali mu mgwirizano wa polyamorous? Kodi akaziwa ali ndi ma libidos okwera kwambiri kapena amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cholaula? Zirizonse zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula mumagulu ang'onoang'ono a akazi, kodi izi zikutiuza ife za zotsatira za zolaula nthawi zonse pa 98-99% ya amayi achikulire?

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #8: Zotsatira za 3 zomwe tazitchula sizigwirizana ndi zomwe adanena

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Malingaliro ofananawo angapezekenso kuchokera ku kafukufuku wosamala wa labotale, womwe wapeza kuti anthu omwe akuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafilimu ogonana omwe amaonera nthawi zambiri samavutika ndi kulamulira chilakolako chawo chogonana kapena kugwira ntchito kwawo kwa maliseche.

Chidule chomwe chili pamwambapa chikugwirizana ndi maphunziro atatu omwe sakugwirizana ndi zomwe akunena (maphunziro awiri mwa atatuwa ndi a Prause). Mapepala atatu omwewo ndi zomwe akunena ziwirizi zabwezeretsedwanso kuchokera ku kalata ya Prause ya 2016 (yomwe idatsutsidwa bwino apa: Kutsutsa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zabodza zaposachedwa za maulosi okhudzana ndi chizolowezi" ).

Maphunziro Awiri Oyamba: Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 ndi Moholy, Pembedzero, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015

Tiyamba ndi maphunziro awiri oyamba omwe atchulidwa kuti athandizire mfundo yakuti, " anthu omwe akuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafilimu ogonana omwe amaonera nthawi zambiri savutika ndi kuletsa chilakolako chawo chogonana."

Kafukufuku awiriwa sanawone ngati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso anali ndi vuto lolamulira kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula - monga momwe gawoli likunenera molakwika. M'malo mwake, maphunziro awiriwa anali ndi anthu omwe amaonera zolaula pang'ono, zomwe zimawalangiza kuti ayesere kuchepetsa chilakolako chawo chogonana. Kafukufukuyu anayerekeza zigoli za anthu omwe amaonera zolaula pa mayeso okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi luso la anthu omwe amalamulira chilakolako chawo chogonana pamene akuonera kanema waufupi wa zolaula za vanilla. Zotsatira za maphunziro onse awiriwa zinali paliponse, popanda kugwirizana komveka bwino pakati pa mayeso okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi kuthekera koletsa chilakolako cha kugonana.

Chikhulupiriro cha Prause / Klein / Kohut ndichakuti maphunziro omwe amapambana kwambiri pamayeso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere ayenera kukhala otsika kwambiri poletsa kudzutsa kwawo. Popeza panalibe mgwirizano wowoneka bwino pamaphunziro a 2 ndiye kuti "zolaula siziyenera kukhalapo." Ichi ndichifukwa chake izi ndi zopanda pake:

1) Monga tafotokozera, maphunzirowa sanawone "kuthekera kwa munthuyo kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngakhale zotsatira zake zoyipa," koma kudzuka kwakanthawi kochepa m'malo ochitira labu ndi gulu la alendo ovala malaya oyera akubisala.

2) Kafukufukuyu sanawone kuti ndi ophunzira ati omwe anali "okonda zolaula" kapena omwe sanali "okonda zolaula" - chifukwa ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso oti "okonda kugonana". Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa Prause adadalira CBSOB, yomwe ilibe mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Imangofunsa za "zochita zogonana," kapena ngati anthu akuda nkhawa ndi zochita zawo (monga, "Ndikuda nkhawa kuti ndili ndi pakati," "Ndinapatsa wina kachilombo ka HIV," "Ndinakumana ndi mavuto azachuma"). Chifukwa chake kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa zigoli pa CBSOB ndi kuthekera kolamulira chilakolako cha kugonana sikuli kofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

3) Chofunika kwambiri : Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku amene adazindikira kuti ndi anthu ati omwe anali okonda zolaula, Prause/Klein/Kohut akuwoneka kuti akunena kuti "okonda zolaula" enieni sayenera kulamulira chilakolako chawo chogonana akamaonera zolaula. Komabe n'chifukwa chiyani angaganize kuti okonda zolaula ayenera kukhala ndi "chilakolako chachikulu" pomwe Prause et al. , 2015 adanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali ndi ubongo wochepa wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za vanilla kuposa momwe amalamulira? (Mwanjira ina, kafukufuku wina wa EEG adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa ubongo wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.) Zomwe Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zikugwirizana ndi Kühn & Gallinat (2014) , zomwe zidapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa ubongo poyankha zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla, komanso ndi Banca et al. 2015 , zomwe zidapeza kuti zithunzi zogonana mwa okonda zolaula zimazolowera mwachangu.

Sizachilendo kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi akhale ndi kulekerera, komwe kumafunika kulimbikitsira kwambiri kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chomwecho. Zithunzi zolaula za vanila zimatha kukhala zosasangalatsa. Chochitika chofananachi chimachitika mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amafuna "kumenyedwa" kwakukulu kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chomwecho. Ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulimbikitsira kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pofika pamitundu yatsopano kapena yoopsa ya zolaula. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adapeza kuti kukwera kotereku ndikofala kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti masiku ano. 49% ya amuna omwe adafunsidwa adawona zolaula zomwe " sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kale kapena zomwe amaona kuti ndi zonyansa ." Ndipotu, maphunziro ambiri awonetsa zomwe zapezeka kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi chokhazikika kapena kukwera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri - zomwe zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi.

Mfundo yofunika: Zomwe olemba onse amanena zimadalira pa zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe kuti "okonda zolaula" ayenera kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana kwambiri kuti aone zithunzi zosasintha za zolaula za vanilla, motero sangathe kulamulira chilakolako chawo . Komabe, kulosera kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso adzasangalala kwambiri ndi zolaula za vanilla komanso chilakolako chachikulu chogonana kwatsutsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana:

  1. Pa maphunziro a 25 kutsutsa zonena kuti kugonana ndi anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "amakhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana."
  2. Pa maphunziro a 35 Gwiritsani ntchito zolaula kugwilitsa kugonana kapena kugonana ndi anthu ogonana.
  3. Pazowonjezera zofufuza za 75 Kugonana kumagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kugonana.

Zofunikira: Mu chitsanzo china cha tsankho lozikidwa pa zolinga, Prause adati zotsatira zake za 2015 za kuyambitsidwa kwa ubongo wotsika poyankha zolaula za vanila "zinathetsa chizolowezi chogonana ." Mapepala 10 owunikidwa ndi anzawo sagwirizana ndi Prause . Onse amati Prause et al., 2015 adapezadi desensitization/habituation mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi): Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Prause et al ., 2015

Phunziro lachitatu (Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015):

Pepala limodzi, lolembedwa ndi Nicole Prause, linatchulidwa kuti lithandizire kunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikukhudza kugonana ("... kapena kugonana kwawo . ") Tisanalankhule za pepala lotsutsidwa kwambiri ili ( Prause & Pfaus ) , tiyeni tiwone umboni wochirikiza zovuta zogonana zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula.

Monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Chidule #3 pamwambapa , maphunziro asanu ndi anayi omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2010 akuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa vuto la erectile dysfunction. Izi zalembedwa m'nkhaniyi komanso mu pepala lowunikidwa ndi anzawo lokhudza madokotala 7 a US Navy: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016) . Zisanafike chaka cha 2001, kuchuluka kwa erectile dysfunction kwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 kunali pafupifupi 2-3%. Kuyambira mu 2010, kuchuluka kwa erectile dysfunction kwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 kunali pakati pa 14% ndi 37%, pomwe kuchuluka kwa libido yochepa kunali pakati pa 16% ndi 37%. Kupatula kubwera kwa kuonera zolaula, palibe chosinthika chokhudzana ndi ED yaunyamata chomwe chasintha kwambiri m'zaka 10-20 zapitazi.

Kukwera kwaposachedwa kwa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana kukugwirizana ndi kufalitsidwa kwa maphunziro 28 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "chizolowezi chogonana" ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana . Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti maphunziro 5 oyamba pamndandandawu akuwonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa , chifukwa ophunzirawo adachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa zovuta zogonana. Pazifukwa zachilendo nkhani ya Slate siinatchule maphunziro aliwonse mwa 26 awa.

Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa, tsamba lino lili ndi nkhani ndi makanema olembedwa ndi akatswiri oposa 130 (aphunzitsi a urology, akatswiri a urology, akatswiri a maganizo, akatswiri a zamaganizo, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, MDs) omwe amavomereza, ndipo achita bwino pochiza, ED yomwe imayambitsa zolaula komanso kutaya chilakolako chogonana komwe kumayambitsa zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, anyamata zikwizikwi anena kuti akuchiritsa vuto lalikulu la kugonana pochotsa chosintha chimodzi: zolaula. (Onani masamba awa kuti mupeze nkhani zikwizikwi zochira: Kubwezeretsanso maakaunti 1 , Kubwezeretsanso maakaunti 2 , Kubwezeretsanso maakaunti 3 , Nkhani zazifupi zobwezeretsa PIED .)

Prause & Pfaus sanachirikize zomwe akunena: Ine ndikupereka ndemanga yovomerezeka ya Richard Isenberg, MD komanso ndemanga yozama kwambiri ya anthu wamba, kutsatiridwa ndi ndemanga zanga ndi mavesi ochokera ku ndemanga ya Dr. Isenberg:

Prause & Pfaus 2015 sinali kafukufuku wokhudza amuna omwe ali ndi ED. Sizinali kafukufuku konse. M'malo mwake, Prause adati adasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku maphunziro anayi omwe adaphunzira kale, omwe palibe omwe adakambirana za vuto la erectile dysfunction. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pepala ili lolembedwa ndi Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus lidapambana ndemanga ya anzawo chifukwa deta yomwe ili mu pepala lawo sinagwirizane ndi deta yomwe ili mu maphunziro anayi omwe pepalalo lidati idachokera. Kusiyana kumeneku si mipata yaying'ono, koma mabowo otseguka omwe sangatsegulidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pepalalo lidapereka zifukwa zingapo zomwe zinali zabodza kapena zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi deta yawo.

Timayamba ndi mabodza omwe Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus adanena. Nkhani zambiri za atolankhani zokhudza kafukufukuyu zinati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunapangitsa kuti munthu azitha kukhwima bwino , koma si zomwe pepalalo linapeza. Mu kuyankhulana komwe kunalembedwa, Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus adanama kuti adayesa kukhwima bwino mu labu, ndipo amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi kukhwima bwino. Mu kuyankhulana kwa pa TV kwa Jim Pfaus, Pfaus anati:

Tinayang'ana pa mgwirizano wa luso lawo lokhazikitsa labu.

Tapeza chiyanjano chofanana ndi zolaula zomwe amaziwona panyumba, ndi ma latency omwe mwachitsanzo amapeza kukonza mofulumira.

Mu kuyankhulana kwa wailesiyi, Nicole Prause adati kukhwima kwa chiberekero kumayesedwa mu labu. Mawu enieni ochokera mu pulogalamuyo:

Anthu ambiri akamayang'ana pakhomo amakhala ndi mayankho amphamvu a erectile mububu, osati kuchepetsedwa.

Komabe pepalali silinayang'ane ubwino wa kukhwima kwa kugonana mu labu kapena "liwiro la kukhwima kwa kugonana." Pepalali linangonena kuti linapempha anyamata kuti ayese "kukondana" kwawo atangoonera zolaula mwachidule (ndipo sizikudziwika bwino kuchokera m'mapepala omwe ali pansi pake kuti lipoti losavuta ili linafunsidwa ngakhale kwa anthu onse). Mulimonsemo, chigawo china kuchokera mu pepalalo chinavomereza kuti:

Palibe chiwerengero cha machitidwe okhudzana ndi chiwerewere chophatikizapo chiwalo cha thupi chophatikizidwa kuti chichirikizire zochitika zomwe anthu adanena "

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe zowonongeka zenizeni zomwe zinayesedwa kapena kuyesedwa mu labu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe deta yoteroyo kapena zosankhazo zinali zowonongeka ndi anzawo!

Mu umboni wachiwiri wosatsimikiziridwa, wolemba wamkulu Nicole Prause adalemba pa Twitter kangapo za kafukufukuyu, kudziwitsa dziko lonse kuti anthu 280 anali nawo, ndipo "analibe mavuto kunyumba." Komabe, maphunziro anayi ofunikira anali ndi amuna 234 okha, kotero "280" ndi yosiyana kwambiri.

Mfundo yachitatu yosachirikizidwa: Kalata ya Dr. Isenberg kwa Mkonzi (yolumikizidwa pamwambapa), yomwe idadzutsa nkhawa zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa zolakwika mu Prause & Pfaus , idadzifunsa momwe zingathekere kuti Prause & Pfaus ayerekezere kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha anthu osiyanasiyana pomwe mitundu itatu yosiyana ya zolimbikitsa kugonana idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maphunziro anayi oyambira. Maphunziro awiri adagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya mphindi zitatu, kafukufuku wina adagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya masekondi 20, ndipo kafukufuku wina adagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosakhazikika. Zatsimikizika bwino kuti mafilimu ndi okopa kwambiri kuposa zithunzi , kotero palibe gulu lofufuza lovomerezeka lomwe lingagwirizanitse mitu iyi kuti inene za mayankho awo. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti m'mapepala awo olemba Prause ndi Pfaus amanena mosakayikira kuti maphunziro onse anayi adagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ogonana:

"VSS yomwe inapezeka mu maphunzirowo inali mafilimu onse."

Mawu awa ndi onyenga, monga momwe akuwonekera momvekera muzofufuza za Prause mwiniwake. Ichi ndi chifukwa choyamba chomwe Pemphero ndi Pfaus silinganene kuti mapepala awo akuyesa "kudzutsa." Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofanana zomwezo pa phunziro lirilonse poyerekeza maphunziro onse.

Chiganizo chachinayi chosachirikizidwa: Dr. Isenberg adafunsanso momwe Prause & Pfaus 2015 ingayerekezere kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha anthu osiyanasiyana pomwe 1 yokha mwa maphunziro anayi oyambira idagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya 1 mpaka 9. Limodzi lidagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya 0 mpaka 7, lina lidagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya 1 mpaka 7, ndipo kafukufuku wina sananene kuti chilakolako chogonana chikukula. Apanso Prause ndi Pfaus amanena mosamveka kuti:

"Amuna adafunsidwa kuti asonyeze kuchuluka kwawo kwa" kugonana "kuchokera ku 1" osati konse "ku 9" kwambiri. "

Mawu awa nawonso ndi abodza, monga momwe mapepala oyambira akusonyezera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe Prause ndi Pfaus sanganene kuti pepala lawo lidayesa kuchuluka kwa "kudzuka" mwa amuna. Kafukufuku ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso womwewo pa mutu uliwonse kuti ayerekeze zotsatira za omwe akhudzidwa. Mwachidule, mitu yonse yopangidwa ndi Prause ndi zonena zokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chilakolako chogonana kapena chilakolako chogonana, kapena china chilichonse, sizikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wake.

Olemba Prause ndi Pfaus adanenanso kuti iwo sapeza mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zambiri za erectile ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa mwezi wathawu. Monga Dr. Isenberg adanenera:

Chododometsa kwambiri ndi kulephera kwathunthu kwa chiwerengero cha zotsatira za erectile ntchito zotsatira measure. Palibe zotsatira zowerengetsera zomwe zilipo. M'malo mwake olemba amafunsa owerenga kuti akhulupirire mawu awo osatsutsika kuti panalibe kugwirizana pakati pa maola olaula omwe amawoneka ndi erectile. Chifukwa cha zomwe olemba amatsutsana nazo kuti erectile amagwira ntchito ndi wokondedwa akhoza makamaka kupindula mwa kuyang'ana zolaula kuti kusawerengedwa kwa chiŵerengero ndizovuta kwambiri.

Monga mwachizolowezi kalata yotsutsa kafukufuku ikasindikizidwa, olemba kafukufukuyu adapatsidwa mwayi woyankha. Yankho la Prause lodzitukumula lotchedwa " Red Herring: Hook, Line, and Stinker " silimangopeŵa mfundo za Isenberg (ndi za Gabe Deem ), lili ndi malingaliro atsopano angapo olakwika komanso mawu angapo abodza. Ndipotu, yankho la Prause ndi utsi, magalasi, mawu onyoza opanda maziko, ndi mabodza. Kutsutsa kwakukulu kumeneku kwa Gabe Deem kukuwonetsa yankho la Prause ndi Pfaus monga momwe lilili: Kutsutsa yankho la Prause & Pfaus ku kalata ya Richard Isenberg.

Chidule: Mfundo zowonjezereka za 2 zopangidwa ndi Klein / Kohut / Prause sizikuthandizidwa:

  1. Pembedzero & Pfaus sanathe kupereka chidziwitso cha chidziwitso chachikulu chakuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sikunali kofanana ndi zolemba pa erection questionnaire (IIEF).
  2. Pembedzero & Pfaus adalephera kufotokoza momwe olemba ake angawunikire moyenera "kudzutsa" pomwe 4 yoyambira kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito zoyambitsa zosiyanasiyana (mafano akadali motsutsana ndi makanema), osagwiritsa ntchito sikelo kapena manambala osiyanasiyana (1-7, 1-9, 0 -7, palibe mulingo).

Ngati Prause ndi Pfaus anali ndi mayankho a nkhawa zomwe takambirana pamwambapa, akanawathandiza poyankha Dr. Isenberg. Iwo sanatero.

Potsirizira pake, Jim Pfaus ali pa bwalo lolemba Journal of Sexual Medicine ndipo amatha khama lalikulu lomwe likuukira lingaliro la zolaula-linayambitsa zovuta zogonana. Wolemba-Co Chithunzi cha Nicole akudandaula ndi debunking PIED, atapanga Nkhondo ya zaka 3 pa pepala ili la maphunziro, uku ndikuzunza pamodzi ndi anyamata omwe achira zomwe zapangitsa kuti achite zachiwerewere. Onani zolembedwa: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Mpingo wa Nowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10,  Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes pamodzi, Alexander Rhodes # 11, Alexander Rhodes #12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #9: Mukayang'anizana ndi mafukufuku ambiri okhudzana ndi zolaula mumagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoipa, mungofuula kuti "kugwirizana sikumayambitsa"

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndi kafukufukuyu ndikuti kafukufuku wambiri ndi wokhudza magawo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amangofunsa za moyo wanu momwe ulili pano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangasonyeze chifukwa. Mukukumbukira mfundo yakale yakuti "kugwirizana si chifukwa" kuchokera ku kalasi ya sayansi? Ngati ukwati wanu sukuyenda bwino kapena munasiya kukhala pachibwenzi zaka zapitazo, pali mwayi wabwino kuti wina amene ali pachibwenzicho akuseweretsa maliseche kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chake chogonana chomwe sichinakwaniritsidwe.

Kumasulira : “Mukuyamba kugona tulo tofa nato kwambiri…zikope zanu zikulemera… ziribe kanthu zomwe maphunziro 58 okhudza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito maubwenzi akuwonetsa, ndi maliseche enieni…. Tsopano mwagona… sizingakhale zolaula…. zolaula ndi zabwino kwa inu…. ziyenera kukhala maliseche…. Gonani tulo tofa nato, tulo tofa nato.”

Monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo #14 , njira yomwe Prause ndi David Ley adapangira ndiyo kudzudzula kuseweretsa maliseche chifukwa cha mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Pano komanso mu #14 pansipa, Prause/Klein/Kohut akutenga mfundo yongopeka iyi ndikuyesera kudzudzula kuseweretsa maliseche chifukwa cha zotsatira za maphunziro opitilira 60 omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana komanso ubale . Prause ndi Ley atapanga njira yakuti "zolaula sizili vuto" pofotokoza ED yosatha mwa anyamata athanzi, mnzake wawo wapamtima, Jim Pfaus, adanenanso mobwerezabwereza kuti ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula ndi nthano, ndipo nthawi zotsutsana ndi umuna pambuyo pa umuna ndiye chifukwa chenicheni cha ED ya anyamatawa . Atafunsidwa za mfundo yakuti zimatenga miyezi 6-24 kuti anyamatawa asagonenso, Pfaus amakhala chete. Imeneyo ndi " nthawi yotsutsa," eti? (Onani nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kampeni ya "kudzudzula kwawo kulikonse koma zolaula": Akatswiri ogonana amakana ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula ponena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndiye vuto (2016) .)

Ponena za mawu akuti "kulumikizana sikufanana ndi kuchititsa" omwe wophunzira aliyense wa giredi 7 anganene . Akakumana ndi maphunziro mazana ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zoyipa, njira yodziwika bwino ya PhDs yotsutsa zolaula ndikunena kuti "palibe chifukwa chomwe chawonetsedwa." Zoona zake n'zakuti pankhani ya maphunziro a zamaganizo ndi zamankhwala, kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri amavumbula kuchititsa mwachindunji . Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro onse okhudza ubale pakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta fodya mwa anthu ndi ogwirizana. Komabe chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake tsopano zikumveka bwino kwa aliyense kupatulapo malo olandirira fodya.

Pazifukwa zamakhalidwe abwino, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amaletsedwa kupanga mapangidwe ofufuza oyesera omwe angawulule momveka bwino ngati zolaula zimayambitsa mavuto ena. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogwirizana . Pakapita nthawi, pamene maphunziro ofunikira okhudzana ndi mgwirizano asonkhanitsidwa m'dera lililonse lofufuza, pamakhala nthawi yomwe umboni unganenedwe kuti ukuwonetsa mfundo inayake, ngakhale kuti palibe maphunziro abwino, koma nthawi zambiri osavomerezeka.

Mwanjira ina, palibe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubale womwe ungapereke "mfuti yosuta" m'dera lophunzirira, koma umboni wogwirizana wa maphunziro angapo okhudzana ndi ubale ukhoza kutsimikizira chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake. Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, pafupifupi kafukufuku aliyense wofalitsidwa ndi wogwirizana.

Kuti "mutsimikizire" kuti zolaula zimayambitsa vuto la erectile, mavuto amgwirizano, mavuto am'maganizo kapena kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayenera kukhala ndi magulu awiri akulu amapasa ofanana atabadwa. Onetsetsani kuti gulu limodzi silimayang'ana zolaula. Onetsetsani kuti aliyense mgulu lomwelo akuwonera zolaula zofananira, kwa maola omwewo, pamsinkhu womwewo. Ndipo pitilizani kuyesa kwa zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikutsatiridwa ndikuwunika kwakusiyanako.

Mwinanso, kufufuza kuyesa kusonyeza kuwonetsa kungachititsidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

  1. Chotsani zosinthika zomwe mukufuna kuziyeza. Makamaka, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amaima, ndikuyesa kusintha kulikonse masabata, miyezi (zaka?) Mtsogolo. Izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamene anyamata ambiri amasiya zolaula kuti athe kuchepetsa vuto lopanda matenda la erectile losagwira ntchito komanso zizindikiro zina (chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula).
  2. Pangani kafukufuku wautali, zomwe zikutanthauza maphunziro otsatirawa kwa nthawi kuti aone momwe kusintha kwa zolaula (kapena zochitika zolaula) zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chiwerengero cha kusudzulana kwa zaka zambiri (kufunsa mafunso ena kuti athetse mavuto osiyanasiyana).
  3. Awonetseni omwe akufuna kuchita zolaula ndikuwona zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, onaninso kuthekera kwamaphunziro kuti muchepetse kukhutiritsa musanachitike komanso mukakhala ndi zolaula pamalo ochezera.

Pansipa tilembere maphunziro omwe agwiritsira ntchito njirazi: XIUMX: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, maphunziro a nthawi yaitali, kuonera zolaula mu labata. Zotsatira zonse zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira zoipa.

Gawo # 1: Fufuzani komwe ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Maphunziro 7 oyamba m'gawoli akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa mavuto osatha okhudzana ndi kugonana. Chifukwa chake, mkangano wokhudza ngati mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula akhala akuthetsedwa kwa nthawi ndithu tsopano.

1) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016) : Ndemanga yozama ya mabuku okhudzana ndi mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Yolembedwa ndi madokotala 7 a US Navy (madokotala a urology, madokotala amisala, ndi MD wokhala ndi PhD mu neuroscience), ndemangayi imapereka zambiri zaposachedwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa mavuto ogonana a achinyamata. Ikuwunikiranso maphunziro a mitsempha okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula komanso kugonana kudzera pa intaneti. Olembawo akupereka malipoti atatu azachipatala a amuna omwe adayamba matenda ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Awiri mwa amuna atatuwa adachiritsa mavuto awo ogonana pochotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwamuna wachitatu sanasinthe kwenikweni chifukwa sanathe kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

2) Zizolowezi zodziseweretsa maliseche za amuna ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana (2016) : Yolembedwa ndi dokotala wa zamaganizo waku France komanso purezidenti wa European Federation of Sexology . Pepalali likukhudza zomwe adakumana nazo kuchipatala ndi amuna 35 omwe adayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso/kapena anorgasmia, komanso njira zake zochiritsira powathandiza. Wolembayo akunena kuti odwala ake ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo kotala la iwo anali okonda zolaula. Chidule cha nkhaniyi chikusonyeza kuti zolaula za pa intaneti ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha mavuto a odwala. Amuna 19 mwa 35 adawona kusintha kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito mogonana. Amuna enawo adasiya kulandira chithandizo kapena anali kuyesetsabe kuchira.

3) Kuchita maliseche kosazolowereka monga chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa anyamata (2014) : Chimodzi mwa maphunziro anayi omwe ali mu pepalali chimafotokoza za mwamuna yemwe ali ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula (kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha kugonana, fetishes, anorgasmia). Kugonana kumeneku kunafuna kuti apewe zolaula kwa milungu 6 komanso kudziseweretsa maliseche. Patatha miyezi 8 mwamunayo adanenanso kuti chilakolako chogonana chawonjezeka, kugonana bwino komanso kugona mokwanira, komanso kusangalala ndi "machitidwe abwino ogonana. Iyi ndi nkhani yoyamba yowunikidwa ndi anzawo yokhudza kuchira ku zovuta zogonana chifukwa cha zolaula.

4) Kodi n'kovuta bwanji kuchiza kuchedwa kwa umuna mkati mwa chitsanzo cha nthawi yochepa cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha? Kuyerekeza kwa kafukufuku wa nkhani (2017) : Iyi ndi lipoti la "milandu iwiri yophatikizana" yomwe ikuwonetsa chifukwa chake ndi mankhwala a kuchedwa kwa umuna (anorgasmia). "Patient B" ikuyimira anyamata angapo omwe adathandizidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo. "Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa Patient B kwakhala kovuta kwambiri," "monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri." Nyuzipepalayi ikunena kuti kuchedwa kwa umuna chifukwa cha zolaula sikwachilendo, ndipo kukuchulukirachulukira. Wolembayo akupempha kuti pakhale kafukufuku wowonjezereka pa zotsatira za zolaula pa kugonana. Kuchedwa kwa umuna kwa Patient B kunachiritsidwa patatha milungu 10 osachita zolaula.

5) Kusagonana ndi Munthu Pankhani ya Zamaganizo: Kafukufuku wa Nkhani (2014) : Tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyi ukuwonetsa nkhani ya kusamba m'mimba chifukwa cha zolaula. Chomwe mwamunayo anakumana nacho asanakwatirane chinali maliseche pafupipafupi (komwe adatha kutulutsa umuna). Ananenanso kuti kugonana sikunamupangitse munthu kusangalala kwambiri ngati maliseche. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti "kuphunzitsidwanso" ndi psychotherapy sizinamuthandize kuthetsa kusamba m'mimba. Pamene njira zimenezi zinalephera, akatswiri a zamaganizo adapereka lingaliro loletsa kwathunthu maliseche. Pomaliza pake kuletsa kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti kugonana bwino komanso kutulutsa umuna ndi mnzake kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake.

6) Zithunzi Zolaula Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kugonana Pakati pa Anyamata Achinyamata (2019) - Pepalali likufufuza za vuto la zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa kugonana (PIED), ndi maphunziro 12. Amuna angapo adachiritsa ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula pochotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

7) Zobisika mu Manyazi: Zomwe Amuna Osagonana Nawo Akumana Nazo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta (2019) - Mafunso a amuna 15 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Angapo mwa amunawa adanena kuti ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana. M'modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso adasintha kwambiri ntchito yake yogonana panthawi yogonana pochepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

8) Momwe Kudziletsa Kumakhudzira Zokonda (2016) [zotsatira zoyambirira]. Zotsatira za Mafunde Achiwiri - Zomwe Zapezeka:

- Kupewa zolaula ndi maliseche kumawonjezera mwayi wochedwetsa mphotho

- Kuchita nawo gawo lodziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala okonzeka kuchita zoopsa

- Kudziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osasangalala

- Kudziletsa kumapangitsa kuti anthu azidandaula, azichita zinthu mosamala, komanso asamachite mantha

9) Chikondi Chosatha: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kudzipereka Kofooka kwa Mnzanu Wachikondi (2012) : Anthu omwe adazunzidwa adayesa kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (masabata atatu okha). Poyerekeza gululi ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali pakulamulira, omwe adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanena kuti anali ndi kudzipereka kochepa kuposa momwe amalamulira. Kodi chikanachitika n'chiyani ngati akanayesa kudziletsa kwa miyezi itatu m'malo mwa milungu itatu?

10) Kugulitsa Mphoto Pambuyo Pake Kuti Musangalale Pakalipano: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kuchepetsa Kuchedwa (2015) : Anthu ambiri omwe adatenga zithunzi zolaula, sankatha kuchedwa kukhutira. Kafukufuku wapaderayu adawonetsanso kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anayesa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mobwerezabwereza kunkagwirizana ndi kulephera kuchedwa kukhutira (dziwani kuti kuthekera kochedwa kukhutira ndi ntchito ya prefrontal cortex ya ubongo).

Gawo # 2: Maphunziro a kutalika:

Zonse koma zowerengera ziwiri za nthawi yaitali zimayang'ana zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito ubale wapamtima

1) Kuwonekera kwa anyamata achichepere ku zolaula pa intaneti: Ubale ndi nthawi yopuma, kufunafuna zinthu zokopa chidwi, ndi magwiridwe antchito amaphunziro (2014) : Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunatsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito amaphunziro patatha miyezi 6.

2) Kuwonetsedwa kwa Achinyamata ku Zinthu Zogonana Pa Intaneti ndi Kukhutira ndi Kugonana: Kafukufuku Wautali (2009) . Chidule: Pakati pa Meyi 2006 ndi Meyi 2007, tinachita kafukufuku wa mafunde atatu pakati pa achinyamata 1,052 aku Dutch azaka zapakati pa 13-20. Kuyerekeza kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu kunawonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa ku SEIM nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana kwa achinyamata. Kusakhutitsidwa pang'ono pogonana (mu Wave 2) kunawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM (mu Wave 3).

3) Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Ubwino wa Ukwati Pakapita Nthawi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016) . Chidule: Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito deta yoyimira dziko lonse, ya nthawi yayitali (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) kuti aone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula pafupipafupi kumakhudza ubwino wa ukwati pambuyo pake komanso ngati izi zimasinthidwa malinga ndi jenda. Kawirikawiri, anthu okwatirana omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 adanena kuti khalidwe la ukwati ndi lotsika kwambiri mu 2012, zomwe sizinkayang'anira khalidwe la ukwati ndi zinthu zina zogwirizana nazo. Zotsatira za zolaula sizinali kungosonyeza kusakhutira ndi moyo wogonana kapena kupanga zisankho zaukwati mu 2006. Ponena za mphamvu yeniyeni, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 kunali kwachiwiri kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa khalidwe la ukwati mu 2012.

4) Mpaka Zolaula Zitisiye? Zotsatira Zautali za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula pa Kusudzulana, (2016) . Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito deta ya General Social Survey yoimira dziko lonse yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu aku America zikwizikwi. Chidule: Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa mafunde a kafukufuku kudachulukitsa mwayi wa munthu wosudzulana pofika nthawi yotsatira ya kafukufuku, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 11 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi katatu kwa akazi, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 16 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula, m'mikhalidwe ina ya anthu, kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa bata la banja.

5) Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kafukufuku wautali wa zotsatira za kusintha kwa kugonana, kukhutira ndi kugonana ndi zinthu zogonana pa intaneti pakati pa okwatirana kumene (2015) . Chidule: Deta yochokera ku zitsanzo zambiri za okwatirana kumene yasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kuli ndi zotsatirapo zoipa kuposa zabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwa amuna kunachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM pakapita nthawi ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kunachepetsa kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhutira kwambiri ndi kugonana mwa amuna kunaneneratu kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi awo chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi sikunasinthe kukhutira kwa kugonana kwa amuna awo.

6) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kulekana kwa Banja: Umboni wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017) . Chidule: kusanthula kunawonetsa kuti anthu okwatirana aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kuti akumane ndi kulekana pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atalamulira chisangalalo cha m'banja cha 2006 komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Komabe, ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kulekana kwa m'banja unali wozungulira.

7) Kodi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Angakhale Ndi Chibwenzi Chachikulu? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017) . Chidule: Kusanthula kunawonetsa kuti aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kunena kuti adakumana ndi chibwenzi pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atayang'anira zinthu zofunika monga momwe ubale wawo ulili mu 2006 ndi zina zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kusanthula kunawonetsanso ubale wolunjika pakati pa momwe aku America amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 ndi mwayi wawo wokumana ndi chibwenzi pofika chaka cha 2012.

8) Ubale pakati pa Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Pa Intaneti, Ubwino wa Maganizo ndi Kulola Kugonana pakati pa Achinyamata a ku Hong Kong aku China: Kafukufuku Wautali Wa Ma Wave Atatu (2018) : Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitaliyu adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kogwirizana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kuchepetsa kukhutira ndi moyo komanso malingaliro ogonana ololeza.

Gawo #3: Kuyesera kuwonetsa zolaula:

1) Zotsatira za Erotica pa Kukongola kwa Anyamata Achichepere pa Akazi Awo Ogonana (1984) . Chidule: Pambuyo pokumana ndi akazi okongola, kukongola kwa akazi kunatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuyesedwa komwe kunapangidwa pambuyo pokumana ndi akazi osakongola; kukongola kumeneku kunatenga malo apakati pambuyo pokumana ndi kulamulira. Komabe, kusintha kwa kukongola kwa akazi sikunagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kukhutira ndi akazi.

2) Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Kwanthawi Yaitali pa Makhalidwe Abanja (1988) . Chidule: Kuwonetsedwa kunayambitsa, pakati pa zinthu zina, kuvomereza kwambiri kugonana asanakwatirane ndi kunja kwa banja komanso kulekerera kwambiri mwayi wogonana ndi anthu okwatirana okhaokha. Kuwonetsedwa kunachepetsa kuwunika kwa ukwati, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti bungweli liwoneke losafunika kwenikweni komanso losagwira ntchito mtsogolo. Kuwonetsedwa kunachepetsanso chilakolako chokhala ndi ana ndikulimbikitsa kuvomereza ulamuliro wa amuna ndi akazi. Kupatulapo zochepa, zotsatira izi zinali zofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe anayankha komanso kwa ophunzira ndi omwe si ophunzira.

3) Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Kukhutitsidwa ndi Kugonana (1988) . Chidule: Ophunzira aamuna ndi aakazi komanso osaphunzira adawonetsedwa makanema okhala ndi zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa kapena zinthu zopanda vuto. Kuwonetsedwa kunali mu magawo ola limodzi m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ophunzira adachita nawo kafukufuku wosagwirizana pankhani ya mabungwe azachikhalidwe ndi kukhutitsidwa kwaumwini. [Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziyesa kwa zomwe adakumana nazo pakugonana. Ataonera zolaula, ophunzirawo adanenanso kuti sakukhutira ndi anzawo apamtima—makamaka, ndi chikondi cha anzawowa, mawonekedwe awo, chidwi chawo chogonana, ndi momwe amachitira zogonana moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzirawo adapereka kufunika kwakukulu kwa kugonana popanda kutenga nawo mbali m'maganizo. Zotsatirazi zinali zofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso anthu ambiri.

4) Chikoka cha chilakolako chogonana chodziwika bwino pa ziweruzo za alendo ndi okwatirana (1989) . Chidule: Mu Kuyesera 2, amuna ndi akazi adakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana chosiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, panali kuyanjana kwa kugonana kwa munthu ndi chikhalidwe cha chilakolako chogonana pa ziwerengero za chilakolako chogonana. Zotsatira zochepa za kuwonetsedwa pakati pa kugonana zinapezeka kwa amuna okha omwe adakumana ndi akazi amaliseche. Amuna omwe adapeza kuti maliseche a mtundu wa Playboy anali abwino kwambiri adadziona kuti sakonda akazi awo.

5) Kujambula zithunzi zolaula kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kukumbukira (2013) : Asayansi aku Germany apeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti zimatha kuchepetsa kukumbukira ntchito . Mu kafukufukuyu wa zithunzi zolaula, anthu 28 athanzi adachita ntchito zokumbukira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi 4 zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi mwa izo chinali zolaula. Ophunzirawo adavoteranso zithunzi zolaula ponena za chilakolako chogonana komanso chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche asanayambe, komanso atangomaliza, kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kukumbukira ntchito kunali koyipa kwambiri panthawi yowonera zolaula ndipo kuti chilakolako chachikulu chidawonjezera kuchepa.

6) Kujambula Zithunzi Zogonana Kumasokoneza Kupanga Zisankho Mosamveka (2013) : Kafukufuku adapeza kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumasokoneza kupanga zisankho panthawi yoyeserera yokhazikika. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo, omwe ndi luso lamaganizo lomwe limakuthandizani kuchita zinthu. Maluso awa amalamulidwa ndi gawo la ubongo lotchedwa prefrontal cortex.

7) Kukakamira kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za kugonana pa intaneti mukakhala ndi nthawi yambiri kumakhudzana ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (2015) : Anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chachikulu choonera zolaula sankachita bwino kwambiri pa ntchito zoyang'anira (zomwe zili pansi pa prefrontal cortex).

8) Kugwira Ntchito kwa Akuluakulu a Amuna Okonda Kugonana ndi Osakonda Kugonana Asanayambe ndi Ataonera Kanema Wolaula (2017) : Kuonera zolaula kunakhudza magwiridwe antchito a akuluakulu mwa amuna omwe ali ndi "makhalidwe okakamiza kugonana," koma osati olamulira abwino. Kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu akakumana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo (zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwa ma prefrontal circuits ndi sensitization ).

9) Kukumana ndi Zolimbikitsa Zogonana Kumabweretsa Kutsika Mtengo Kwambiri Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuti Amuna Azitenga Nawo Mbali Kwambiri pa Kusakhulupirika pa Intaneti ( Cheng & Chiou , 2017) : Mu maphunziro awiri, kuwonetsedwa ndi zolimbikitsa zogonana zomwe zimaoneka kunachititsa kuti: 1) kuchepetsedwa mtengo kwambiri (kulephera kuchedwa kukhutira), 2) chizolowezi chachikulu chochita zachinyengo pa intaneti, 3) chizolowezi chachikulu chogula zinthu zabodza ndikubera akaunti ya Facebook ya munthu wina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera chilakolako ndipo kungachepetse ntchito zina zoyang'anira (kudziletsa, kuweruza, kuoneratu zotsatira zake, kuwongolera chilakolako).

Mwa njira, maphunziro opitilira 80 okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika agwiritsa ntchito njira za "longitudinal" ndi "kuchotsa zosinthika" . Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungayambitse mavuto amisala/maganizo, kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha chizolowezi, ndi zotsatirapo zina zoyipa mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #10: Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut chisamaliro cha 5% mwa maphunziro ochokera ku 1 a maphunziro a 58 omwe akugwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwirizano osowa kwambiri

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali wotsatira anthu pakapita nthawi akuwonetsa ngati kuonera mafilimu ogonana kunachitika asanayambe zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kusonyeza kuti mafilimu ogonana ndi omwe adayambitsa zotsatira zake. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wa nthawi yayitali adawonetsa kuti, pafupifupi, kuonera mafilimu ogonana kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutayika kwa ubale pambuyo pake. Mpaka Zolaula Zitisiyanitse? Kufufuza Kwambiri kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kusudzulana. Komabe, kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu okwatirana aku America omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ogonana pafupipafupi anali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotaya ubale wawo (zotsatira zosalunjika).

Njira imeneyi ndi kunyenga owerenga kuti aganize kuti kafukufuku wofufuza zotsatira za zolaula pa maubwenzi ndi wotsutsana. Amachita izi povomereza kuti pali kafukufuku mmodzi wogwirizanitsa zolaula ndi mavuto a maubwenzi (mwa maphunziro 75 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi ubale wosauka) , kutsatiridwa ndi kusankha kafukufuku yekhayo amene akunena zotsatira zosiyana - pa chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwe amaphunzira (5% ya anthu omwe amaphunzira).

Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adapeza kuti anthu osakwana 5% mwa anthu omwe adafunsidwawo anali “ Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kulekana kwa Banja: Umboni wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017) ” – Chidule cha nkhaniyi:

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera mu 2006 ndi 2012 ya Portraits of American Life Study yodziwika bwino mdziko lonse, nkhaniyi idafufuza ngati anthu aku America okwatirana omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006, kaya nthawi zonse kapena pafupipafupi, anali ndi mwayi wopeza kulekana kwa mabanja pofika chaka cha 2012. Kusanthula kwa binary logistic regression kunawonetsa kuti anthu aku America okwatirana omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kuti apeze kulekana pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atalamulira chisangalalo cha m'banja cha 2006 komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Komabe, ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kulekana kwa mabanja unali wozungulira. Mwayi woti anthu apatukane pofika chaka cha 2012 unakula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 mpaka kufika pamlingo wokwera kwambiri kenako unachepa pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kwambiri.

Zotsatira zenizeni . Atasonkhana pamodzi, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kaya amuna kapena akazi) anali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri wopatukana m'banja patatha zaka 6. Makamaka, kwa 95% ya anthu omwe adazunzidwa , kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 kunali kogwirizana ndi mwayi wopatukana m'banja mu 2012. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kukafika kangapo pa sabata kapena kuposerapo ( 5% yokha ya anthu omwe adazunzidwa ) mwayi wopatukana unali wofanana ndi wa omwe sanagwiritse ntchito zolaula.

Monga tafotokozera m'gawo #7, maubwenzi omwe ali kumapeto kwa belu sanganene zotsatira za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri. Mu gulu losakanikirana ili la ogwiritsa ntchito 2-5% nthawi zambiri tingapeze chiwerengero chachikulu cha maanja omwe amadziwika kuti ndi okonda swing kapena polyamorous. Akhoza kukhala ndi maukwati otseguka. Mwina awiriwa akumvetsa kuti mnzanuyo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri momwe angafunire, koma kusudzulana si njira yabwino. Kaya chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mochuluka bwanji mwa m'modzi kapena onse awiri, zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku kafukufukuyu ndi ena onse, kuti anthu osakonda kugonana sakugwirizana ndi maanja ambiri.

Mwa njira, maphunziro ena onse a nthawi yayitali amatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zaubwenzi.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #11: Eya. Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut mosadziwika ponena za phunziro lomwe limathandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Kukhala ndi mphamvu mu ubongo ku mafilimu ogonana omwe amawonetsedwa mu labu kumatanthauzanso kuti munthu adzakhala ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.

Momwe kafukufukuyu amagwirizanirana ndikuthandizira mfundo yolankhulirayi ndikulingalira kwa wina aliyense. Mwinanso akuganiza kuti owerenga sangawerenge izi molondola chifukwa "kuwonera zolaula kumabweretsa chikhumbo chachikulu chogonana ndi munthu weniweni yemwe amakhala kwa miyezi ingapo." Koma sizomwe kafukufukuyu adanena.

Uwu unali kafukufuku wokhudza njira zomwe zimayambitsa machitidwe okakamiza (kudya mopitirira muyeso ndi machitidwe okakamiza kugonana). Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi zolaula kumagwirizana ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana ndi kuseweretsa maliseche patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kafukufukuyu sanawunike "chilakolako chokhala ndi mnzanu". Anangowunika chilakolako chofuna kuseweretsa maliseche ndi kugonana, zomwe sizinali za mnzanu m'modzi yekha. Kafukufukuyu adapeza zotsatira zofanana pa chakudya: anthu omwe ali ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi zithunzi za chakudya chokopa adapeza kulemera kwakukulu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira. Kuchokera mu chidule cha kafukufukuyu:

Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti mphotho yowonjezereka yokhala ndi ubwino mu ubongo kuti idye chakudya ndi kugonana imakhudzana ndi kudya kwambiri ndi kugonana, motero, ndi kupereka umboni wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha nthenda zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zilakolako zamaganizo.

Kafukufukuyu akuchirikiza chitsanzo cha chizolowezi, chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha cue-reactivity (zochita zapakati pa mphoto) poyankha zolaula adakhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chochita zinthu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Zikuwoneka kuti anthuwa adayamba kukhudzidwa ndi zolaula, zomwe zimaonekera ngati chidziwitso cha cue-reactivity komanso chilakolako chogwiritsa ntchito. Ofufuza za chizolowezi amawona chidziwitso ngati kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumabweretsa kumwa mopitirira muyeso komanso chizolowezi. (Onani " Chiphunzitso cha chizolowezi cholimbikitsa chizolowezi ")

Njira zothandizira akhoza kuganiziridwa monga Machitidwe a Pavlovian pa turbos. Atayikidwa ndi maganizo kapena zokopa, njira zowonongeka zimawombera dera la mphoto, kuthamangira mwakufuna kusasamala zolakalaka. Maphunziro angapo aposachedwapa a ubongo owonetsa zolaula anawonetsa kuwalimbikitsa, ndipo onse anafotokoza momwe ubongo umayankhira mofanana ndi momwe anthu amamwa mowa ndi zidakwa. Monga cha 2018 zofufuza zina za 25 zanena Zotsatirazi zimakhudzana ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ogonana ndi zolaula ndi omwe amanyansidwa ndi zolaula amawadziwitsa kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kukhudzidwa ndi chilakolako si chizindikiro cha chilakolako chenicheni cha kugonana kapena chikhumbo chofuna kukhala pafupi ndi mnzanu. M'malo mwake, ndi umboni wa kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zokumbukira kapena zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi khalidweli. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro - monga kuyatsa kompyuta, kuwona pop-up, kapena kukhala wekha - zingayambitse chilakolako chachikulu, chovuta kunyalanyaza chowonera zolaula. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso akhoza kukhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha cue-reactivity kapena chilakolako cha zolaula, komabe amakhala ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa erectile ndi okondedwa enieni. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wa ubongo wa Cambridge University pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula, anthuwa anali ndi ubongo wochita zinthu zolaula, koma ambiri adanena kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana ndi okondedwa awo. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa Cambridge wa 2014:

[Khalidwe lokakamiza] nkhani zanenedwa kuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula ... .. adakumana ndi kuchepa kwa libido kapena ntchito ya erectile makamaka mu ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale sanali ogwirizana ndi zolaula).

Kenako tili ndi kafukufuku wa Nicole Prause 2013 EEG womwe adaulengeza m'manyuzipepala ngati umboni wotsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula: Chilakolako Chogonana, osati Hypersexuality, Chimagwirizana ndi Mayankho a Neurophysiological Omwe Amachokera ku Zithunzi Zogonana ( Steele et al. , 2013). Sizili choncho . Steele et al. 2013 kwenikweni amalimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika. Kodi zingatheke bwanji? Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti ma EEG ambiri amawerengedwa (poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera) pamene anthu adawonetsedwa mwachidule pazithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti P300 yokwera imachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo (monga momwe zilili mu kafukufukuyu wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha cocaine ).

Mawu a Prause omwe amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza akuti anthu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito “ ubongo wawo sunayankhe ngati anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli ” alibe chithandizo , ndipo sapezeka mu kafukufuku weniweni. Amapezeka mu zokambirana zake zokha. Popereka ndemanga pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Psychology Today kwa Prause, pulofesa wamkulu wa zamaganizo John A. Johnson adadzudzula Prause chifukwa chofotokoza molakwika zomwe adapeza:

"Maganizo anga akupitilizabe kunena za Pembedzero kuti ubongo wa omvera ake sunayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga bongo la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalabadira mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa lipoti lokwanira P300 pazithunzi zogonana. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa ma P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha. Kodi angaganize bwanji zosemphana ndi zotsatira zenizeni? ”

Mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa ubongo wa Cambridge University , Steele et al. 2013 adanenanso kuti zolaula zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi anthu okwatirana. Kunena kwina, anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakonda kudziseweretsa maliseche m'malo mogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, wolankhulira kafukufukuyu Prause adati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu," koma zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikunena zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha anthu ogonana ndi anthu okwatirana chinachepa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula). Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikidwa ndi anzawo akufotokoza zoona: Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Steele et al. , 2013. Onaninso ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP.

Mwachidule, munthu wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana komanso amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi mnzake . Kudzuka chifukwa cha zolaula si umboni wa "kuyankha kugonana" kapena kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kugonana ndi mnzanu.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #12: Ngakhale David Ley akuganiza kuti mawu anu ndi okayikitsa

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Kafukufuku woyesera angasonyeze ngati kuonera zolaula kumayambitsadi mavuto muubwenzi mwa kuphatikiza zowongolera. Kuyesa koyamba kwakukulu, kolembetsedwa kale kunapeza kuti kuonera zithunzi zogonana sikunachepetse chikondi kapena chikhumbo cha wokondedwa wamakono.

Choyamba, n’zosamveka kunena kuti “Kafukufuku woyesera angasonyeze ngati kuonera zolaula kumayambitsadi zotsatira zoyipa za ubale.” Mayesero omwe anyamata azaka za koleji amaonera zithunzi zochepa za Playboy (monga momwe zilili mu kafukufuku wolumikizidwa ndi olemba ) sangakuuzeni chilichonse chokhudza zotsatira za mwamuna wanu kuseweretsa maliseche ndi makanema olimba tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka zambiri. Mayesero okhawo a ubale omwe "angawonetse ngati kuonera zolaula kumayambitsadi zotsatira zoyipa za ubale" ndi maphunziro a nthawi yayitali omwe amawongolera zosintha kapena maphunziro omwe anthu amapewa zolaula. Mpaka pano maphunziro asanu ndi awiri a ubale wautali afalitsidwa omwe akuwonetsa zotsatira zenizeni za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse. Onse anena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za ubale/kugonana:

  1. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009).
  2. Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012).
  3. Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015).
  4. Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016).
  5. Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016).
  6. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017).
  7. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017).

Kupita ku kafukufuku wa 2017 Prause/Klein/Kohut adalumikizidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake sizingatchulidwe mosavuta: Kodi kuonera zolaula kumachepetsa kukopa ndi chikondi kwa amuna okondana? Kubwerezabwereza kwa Kenrick, Gutierres, ndi Goldberg (1989).

Kafukufuku wa 2017 anayesa kubwereza kafukufuku wa 1989 womwe unawonetsa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pachibwenzi kuti ali ndi zithunzi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kafukufuku wa 1989 adapeza kuti amuna omwe adawonetsedwa zithunzi za Playboy zamaliseche pakati adawona akazi awo ngati osakongola kwenikweni ndipo adanenanso kuti chikondi chawo sichichepa kwa anzawo. Popeza 2017 idalephera kubwereza zomwe zidapezeka mu 1989, tauzidwa kuti kafukufuku wa 1989 adalakwitsa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungachepetse chikondi kapena chilakolako. Eya! Osati mwachangu kwambiri.

Kutengera "kulephera" chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chakhala "zolaula". Ofufuza a 2017 sanapemphe ophunzira aku koleji a 1989 omwe anakulira akuwonera MTV pambuyo pa sukulu. M'malo mwake omvera awo adakulira pazithunzi za PornHub zamagulu achifwamba komanso makanema oonera.

Mu 1989, ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji omwe adawonera kanema wojambulidwa ndi X? Osati ambiri. Ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji a 1989 omwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse yodziseweretsa maliseche, kuyambira paunyamata, kudziseweretsa maliseche mpaka ma clip angapo olimba pa nthawi imodzi? Palibe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za 2017 n'chodziwikiratu: kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwa chithunzi chosasunthika cha Playboy pakati ndi kudabwa kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe amuna aku koleji mu 2017 akhala akuonera kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale olembawo adavomereza kusiyana kwa mibadwo ndi chenjezo lawo loyamba:

1) Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti phunziro lapachiyambi linasindikizidwa mu 1989. Panthawiyo, kufotokozera zachiwerewere sikungakhalepo, koma lero, kufanana ndi zithunzi zopanda phokoso kuli kofala kwambiri, ndipo kotero kuti kuwonetsedwa pakati pa malo osasangalatsa sikungakhale kokwanira kuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kunayambika poyamba. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za maphunziro omwe akupezeka pano akusiyana ndi phunziro lapachiyambi chifukwa chosiyana, kufikako, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa ndi zochitikazo tsopano.

Ngakhale David Ley, nthawi zina ankalemba nkhani mopanda tsankho, ankaona kuti ndi bwino kufotokoza mfundo yodziwikiratu:

Mwina chikhalidwe, amuna, ndi kugonana kwasintha kwambiri kuyambira mu 1989. Amuna ochepa achikulire masiku ano sanawonere zolaula kapena akazi amaliseche—maliseche ndi zithunzi zogonana ndizofala m'manyuzipepala otchuka, kuyambira pa Game of Thrones mpaka kutsatsa mafuta onunkhira, ndipo m'maiko ambiri, akazi amaloledwa kuvala zovala zoyera. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti amuna mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa aphunzira kuphatikiza maliseche ndi kugonana komwe amawona mu zolaula ndi makanema atsiku ndi tsiku mwanjira yomwe siikhudza kukopa kwawo kapena chikondi chawo kwa okondedwa awo. Mwina amuna mu kafukufuku wa 1989 anali osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana, maliseche, ndi zolaula.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesera kumeneku sikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sikunakhudze kukopa kwa amuna kwa okondedwa awo. Kumangotanthauza kuti kuyang'ana "malo ozungulira" sikukhudza nthawi yomweyo masiku ano. Amuna ambiri amanena kuti kukopana kwa amuna awo kwawonjezeka kwambiri atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti . Ndipo, ndithudi, palinso umboni wautali womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa womwe ukuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kuonera zolaula pa maubwenzi.

Apanso, Prause / Klein / Kohut amapereka zotsatira zopanda pake, zotengera chitetezo poyesera kuthetsa kusokonezeka kwa maphunziro owonetsa zolaula omwe amachititsa kuti athetse banja, kusokoneza, komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti olemba pepalali omwe adalumikizidwa ndi anzawo ndi a Taylor Kohut ku University of Western Ontario. Gulu la ofufuzali, lotsogozedwa ndi William Fisher, lakhala likufalitsa maphunziro okayikitsa, omwe nthawi zonse amapanga zotsatira zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsa mabuku ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Kohut ndi Fisher onse adasewera gawo lalikulu pakugonjetsedwa kwa Motion 47 ku Canada.

Pano pali maphunziro awiri atsopano kuchokera ku Kohut, Asodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku Western Ontario omwe anapeza mitu yoyamba ndi yosocheretsa:

1) Zotsatira Zodziwika za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ubale wa Okwatirana: Zomwe Zapezeka Poyamba pa Kafukufuku Wotseguka, Wodziwa Bwino, "Woyambira" (2017), Taylor Kohut, William A. Fisher, Lorne Campbell

Pakafukufuku wawo wa 2017, Kohut, Fisher ndi Campbell akuwoneka kuti adasokoneza mtunduwo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Pomwe maphunziro ambiri akuwonetsa kuti ocheperako azimayi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu phunziroli 95% ya azimayi adadzigwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha (85% ya azimayi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi). Mitengoyi ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa amuna azaka za koleji, ndipo ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa kafukufuku wina aliyense wolaula! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asokoneza mtundu wawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Zoona zake: Kafukufuku wopangidwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri ku US (General Social Survey) adanenanso kuti ndi azimayi 2.6% okha omwe adayendera "tsamba lachiwerewere" mwezi watha.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa Kohut adafunsa mafunso "otseguka" okhawo omwe anthu angakambirane za zolaula. Ofufuzawo adawerenga zomwe zidachitika ndipo adaganiza, pambuyo pake, kuti ndi mayankho ati omwe anali "ofunikira" (ogwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe akufuna?). Mwanjira ina, kafukufukuyu sanagwirizanitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuwunika kulikonse koyenera, kwasayansi kosiyanasiyana pakukhutira ndi kugonana kapena ubale (monga momwe adachitira maphunziro opitilira 75 omwe akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pokhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa paubwenzi) . Chilichonse chomwe chidanenedwa mu pepalalo chidaphatikizidwa (kapena kuchotsedwa) malinga ndi malingaliro a olemba.

2) Kutsutsa kwa “Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zikutanthauzadi “Kudana ndi Akazi”? Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Ali ndi Maganizo Ofanana Kwambiri Pakati pa Akazi ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Kuposa Osagwiritsa Ntchito mu Chitsanzo Choyimira cha ku America” (2016) ,

Olemba anzake a Taylor Kohut adalemba za kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi monga: Kuthandizira (1) Kuchotsa Mimba, (2) Kuzindikira akazi, (3) Akazi omwe ali ndi maudindo apamwamba, (4) Kukhulupirira kuti moyo wabanja umasokonekera pamene mkazi ali ndi ntchito yanthawi zonse, komanso modabwitsa (5) Kukhala ndi malingaliro oipa kwambiri pa banja lachikhalidwe. Anthu akunja, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka, ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Posankha izi ndikunyalanyaza zinthu zina zosatha, wolemba wamkulu Kohut ndi olemba anzake adadziwa kuti adzathera ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adapeza zambiri pa chisankho chosankhidwa mosamala cha kafukufukuyu cha zomwe zimapanga " kufanana. " Kenako olembawo adasankha mutu womwe unapanga zonse. Zowonadi, zomwe zapezekazi zikutsutsidwa ndi kafukufuku wina aliyense wofalitsidwa. (Onani mndandanda uwu wa maphunziro opitilira 25 omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro osankha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kutsutsa komanso kusalingana pang'ono .)

Zindikirani: Nkhani iyi ya 2018 ikuwonetsa chowonadi cha maphunziro 5 okayikitsa komanso osokeretsa, kuphatikiza maphunziro awiri omwe angokambirana kumene: Kafukufuku wa Zolaula: Zoona Kapena Zongopeka?

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #13: Kuwonera zolaula kumakupangitsani kuyamwa ndi kumwa kumawongolera maganizo anu, kotero sipangakhale zovuta kumbali

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Mu kafukufuku wina wa m'ma laboratories, maanja omwe adaonera mafilimu ogonana, kaya m'chipinda chimodzi kapena padera, adawonetsa chikhumbo chachikulu chogonana ndi wokondedwa wawo wapano.

Pepala lina la Nicole Prause. Kuonera zolaula, kukhala ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, kenako n’kuyamba kuzisiya, si chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. "Kupeza kwa labotale" kumeneku sikutiuza chilichonse chokhudza zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa maubwenzi (kachiwiri, maphunziro opitilira 75 - ndi kafukufuku aliyense wokhudza amuna - amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana ndi ubale) . Kuyesera kumeneku kuli ngati kuwunika zotsatira za mowa mwa kufunsa makasitomala a m’malo ogulitsira mowa ngati akumva bwino atatha kumwa mowa woyamba. Kodi kuwunika kumeneku kumatiuza chilichonse chokhudza momwe amamvera m’mawa wotsatira kapena zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za kumwa mowa nthawi yayitali?

N'zosadabwitsa kuti Dr. Prause anasiya zonse zomwe adafufuza:

Kuwona mafilimu okhudzana ndi chiwerewere kunapangitsanso mauthenga akuluakulu a zosokoneza, kudziimba mlandu, ndi nkhawa

Kusokoneza kumatanthauza kusokonezeka maganizo. Pemphero lakhala likugwiritsira ntchito chitumbuwa chotsatira zotsatira zake.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #14: Pofuna kuteteza zolaula, tiyeni tiimbe mlandu maliseche pazovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi zolaula

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: Ngakhale kafukufuku wina adanena kuti kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kudzipereka kwa mnzanu , palibe kafukufuku amene wasonyeza kuti izi zinachitika chifukwa cha mafilimu ogonana okha osati chinthu china chosokoneza, monga kusiyana kwa maliseche komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosintha zizolowezi zowonera. M'malingaliro mwathu, palibe deta yotsimikizika yotsimikizira kuti chilakolako chogonana kudzera m'mafilimu ogonana nthawi zonse chimachepetsa chilakolako cha mnzanu wogonana nthawi zonse; ndithudi, pansi pazifukwa zina, mafilimu ogonana amawoneka kuti akuyatsa moto kunyumba.

Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwa umboni kukuwonetsa motsimikiza kuti pamene kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezeka, ubale ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana kumachepa. Izi sizili choncho pa kafukufuku wina "kunena inde" ndipo maphunziro ena "kunena ayi", chifukwa kafukufuku aliyense wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna ndi zolaula ( maphunziro 70 ) amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana kapena ubale. Ndipotu, kafukufuku waposachedwapa adawonetsa kuti kwa amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komwe kunali kochulukira kuposa kamodzi pamwezi kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana. (Kwa akazi, kudulidwa kunali kotsika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kunali kochulukira kuposa "kangapo pachaka" kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana.)

Komanso, kafukufuku wokhudza kudzipereka pa zolaula womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa wasonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula ndiko komwe kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kudzipereka kwa iwo omwe amaonera zolaula zambiri. Ndi imodzi mwa maphunziro ochepa omwe amapempha anthu kuti (ayese) kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kwa milungu itatu) kuti ayerekezere zotsatira zake ndi gulu lolamulira. Mwachionekere, ofufuza ena omwewo adasindikiza kafukufuku wina woyerekeza kuchotsera pang'onopang'ono kwa iwo omwe anayesanso kusiya zolaula kwakanthawi. Adapeza kuti ochita nawo zolaula ambiri amawona kuti sangathe kuletsa kukhutira.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri ofufuza za kugonana monga Klein, Prause ndi Kohut ali ofunitsitsa kuteteza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kotero kuti ali okonzeka kunena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumayambitsa mavuto muubwenzi! (Prause ndi mnzake Ley adanenanso kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumayambitsa ED yosatha mwa anyamata - popanda umboni uliwonse wa zachipatala kapena wina )

Komabe nthawi yomweyo, Prause wakhala akunena poyera kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndi phindu losayerekezeka. Ndiye, ndi chiyani? Apa olemba awa akunena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndi chifukwa cha mavuto a m'banja, koma sapereka umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira lingaliro lawo. Zikuwoneka kuti kunena kwawo kuti "kuseweretsa maliseche" ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri pamene umboni weniweni wa sayansi ukuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto.

Mwa njira, mu 2017 asayansi anayesa chiphunzitso cha "maliseche ofiira a herring", ndipo sanapeze umboni uliwonse. Onani " Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zingakhale Zosokoneza? Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa Amuna Ofuna Chithandizo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Movuta " Kuzindikira zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kunali kogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kuchuluka kwa maliseche. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa kuonera zolaula kumafanana ndi maliseche :

Tenga chitsanzo cha zolaula. Kulingalira za njira zopezera, kapena kuyesetsa mwakhama kufunafuna, komanso mwina kukhala ndi chilakolako panthawiyi, imatengedwa kuti ikufuna kugonana. Kuwonera zolaula zosankhidwa, ngakhale popanda kugonana, kungatengeke ngati "kugonana" pamene mukugonana.

Anthu amafunikira mwamsanga akatswiri ofufuza omwe angagwiritse ntchito sayansi yeniyeni (ndi sayansi) kuti afufuze za kugonana kwaumunthu ndi zotsatira za chikhalidwe chogonana cha masiku ano. Osati olengeza propagandists akutumikira zitsamba zofiira.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #15: Pepani ana, Phunziro limodzi lokha limagwirizanitsa "kudzidzidzimutsa ngati munthu wodetsa zolaula" pogwiritsa ntchito maola ambiri, kupembedza komanso kukana khalidwe la zolaula

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Polankhula za vuto lalikulu lomwe lilipo, vuto lalikulu lomwe anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi manyazi. Manyazi okhudza kuonera mafilimu ogonana amachulukitsidwa ndi makampani ochiza anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana (kuti apeze phindu), atolankhani (ofuna kudina), komanso magulu achipembedzo (kuti alamulire kugonana). Tsoka ilo, kaya mukukhulupirira kuti kuonera zolaula n'koyenera kapena ayi, kunyoza anthu omwe amaonera mafilimu ogonana kungakhale kukuthandizira vutoli. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira akuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "okonda zolaula" saonera mafilimu ogonana kuposa anthu ena. Amangomva manyazi kwambiri ndi machitidwe awo, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula m'gulu lachipembedzo kapena loletsa kugonana.

Yankho la chigawo #15 laphatikizidwa ndi yankho la chigawo #19 chomwe chili pansipa , popeza zonse ziwiri zikufotokoza za mafunso okhudza zolaula (CPUI-9) ndi nthano zozungulira izi ndi maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zindikirani: Mfundo yaikulu yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi yabodza chifukwa pali kafukufuku mmodzi yekha amene amagwirizanitsa mwachindunji kudzizindikiritsa ngati munthu wokonda zolaula ndi maola ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito, kupembedza komanso kukana kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zomwe zapezekazi zikutsutsana ndi nkhani yolembedwa mosamala yokhudza "chizolowezi chodziwika bwino" (kuti "chizolowezi chogonana ndi manyazi/kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino") - zomwe zimachokera ku maphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito chida cholakwika chotchedwa CPUI-9. Mu kafukufuku wokhawo wogwirizana mwachindunji, mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri ndi kudzizindikira ngati munthu wokonda zolaula unali ndi maola ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula . Kupembedza sikunali kofunikira, ndipo ngakhale kuti panali mgwirizano wina pakati pa kudzizindikira ngati munthu wokonda zolaula ndi kusagwirizana kwa makhalidwe pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, unali pafupifupi theka la mgwirizano wa maola ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #16: Kukakamizidwa sikofanana ndi matenda a "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" mu ICD-11

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira kuti kukakamiza si mawu ofunikira omwe akuphatikizapo kuledzera. Kuledzera, kukakamiza, ndi kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhira zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo za kuledzera zimaneneratu zizindikiro zosiya kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, koma zitsanzo za kukakamiza sizineneratu kusiya kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Zitsanzo za kukakamiza zimaneneratu kukana kwakukulu kuchedwetsa zisankho kapena kuchedwetsa chisangalalo chomwe chikuyembekezeka, pomwe zitsanzo za kukakamiza zimaneneratu kupirira kolimba komanso kokhazikika.

Apanso Prause/Klein/Kohut amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yanzeru. Akufuna kuti mukhulupirire kuti "kukakamiza" kumagwirizana ndi matenda a Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder , ndipo chifukwa chake ICD-11 cholinga chake chinali kuletsa opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kuti asagwiritse ntchito izi pozindikira omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula. Komabe, mawu awa si ofanana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tinganyalanyaze gawo #17 ndi zoyesayesa zake zosokoneza zosokoneza owerenga.

Komabe tikufuna kufotokozera izi chifukwa ena omwe amatsutsa monga Prause / Klein / Kohut ndi anzawo akuwoneka kuti ali ndi zokakamiza iwowo. Amalimbikira kubweza zolaula monga "kukakamiza" - kutanthauza kuti sizingakhale "chizolowezi".

RE: “kukakamiza si mawu ofunikira omwe amaphatikizapo kuledzera.” Zimatengera amene mukufunsa, koma funso lotere silikugwirizana ndi matenda a ICD-11 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder . Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “Compulsive” mu matenda atsopano a ICD-11 sikutanthauza maziko a mitsempha ya CSBD: “ kupitirizabe kuchita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza ngakhale zotsatira zake zoipa. ” M’malo mwake “Compulsive,” monga momwe yagwiritsidwira ntchito mu ICD-11, ndi mawu ofotokozera omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi “kuledzera.” (Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa akatswiri a Google kwa kukakamiza + kuledzera kumabwezera mawu 130,000.)

Chidule #17 chikuwonetsa kusadziwa konse kwa mfundo yodziwika bwino: Machitidwe a ICD ndi DSM ndi machitidwe ofotokozera , makamaka osagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso . Amadalira kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zinazake kuti atsimikizire matenda. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ICD ndi DSM amapewa kuvomereza chiphunzitso chilichonse cha zamoyo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda amisala, kaya ndi kuvutika maganizo, schizophrenia, uchidakwa, kapena CSBD.

Choncho, chilichonse chimene inu kapena wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala mukufuna kuchitcha - "kugonana kwambiri," "chizolowezi chogonana," "chizolowezi chogonana," "khalidwe logonana losalamulirika," "chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti" - ngati makhalidwewo akugwera mu kufotokozera kwa "Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder", vutoli likhoza kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-11 CSBD diagnosis.

Mwa njira, monga momwe bungwe la Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health linafotokozera, vuto la Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder lili pansi pa "mavuto olamulira kugwedezeka" pakadali pano koma izi zitha kusintha monga momwe zidasinthira ndi Gambling Disorder.

Pakadali pano, gulu lalikulu la matenda atsopano a CSBD ndi Impulse Control Disorders, lomwe limaphatikizapo matenda monga Pyromania [6C70], Kleptomania [6C71] ndi Intermittent Explosive Disorder [6C73]. Komabe kukayikira kulipobe pa gulu loyenera. Monga momwe katswiri wa sayansi ya mitsempha ya ku Yale Marc Potenza MD PhD ndi Mateusz Gola PhD, wofufuza ku Polish Academy of Sciences ndi University of California San Diego akunenera, "Lingaliro lamakono logawa matenda a CSB ngati matenda oletsa kusinthasintha ndi lotsutsana chifukwa mitundu ina yaperekedwa ... Pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi ." 7

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ICD-11 imaphatikizapo matenda a Gambling Disorder pansi pa Matenda Omwe Amachitika Chifukwa cha Addictive Behaviors komanso pansi pa Impulse Control Disorders. Chifukwa chake, kugawa matenda sikuyenera kukhala kosiyana nthawi zonse . 5 Kugawa kungasinthenso pakapita nthawi. Gambling Disorder poyamba idayikidwa m'gulu la matenda osokoneza bongo mu DSM-IV ndi ICD-10, koma kutengera kupita patsogolo kwa kumvetsetsa kwamphamvu, Gambling Disorder yasinthidwa kukhala "Matenda Okhudzana ndi Zinthu ndi Addictive" (DSM-5) ndi "Matenda Omwe Amachitika Chifukwa cha Addictive Behaviour" (ICD-11). N'zotheka kuti matenda atsopano a CSBD awa atsatire njira yofanana ndi ya Gambling Disorder.

Ngakhale kuti CSBD imawoneka ngati chizolowezi ndipo imawoneka ngati chizolowezi, imayamba mu "Impulse Control Disorders" pazifukwa zandale. Kupatula ndale, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo omwe amafalitsa maphunziro a ubongo pa nkhani za CSB amakhulupirira mwamphamvu kuti ndi kwawo koyenera kwa zizolowezi zina. Kuchokera ku ndemanga ya Lancet , Kodi khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto loledzera? (2017) :

KleinMatenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi kugonana akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuperekedwa kwa ICD-11, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepetsera kugonana yomwe ikufunidwa pofuna kusokoneza vuto la kugonana pa tsamba la ICD-11. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

Mwa njira, ngakhale "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" pamapeto pake itasunthidwira ku gawo la "Disorder Chifukwa cha Khalidwe Loyeserera" litchulidwabe kuti "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder." Apanso, "kukakamira" sikofanana ndi matenda a CSBD.

RE: Kuledzera, kukakamizidwa, ndi kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhira zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chosiyana.

Choyamba, ulalowu umapita ku pepala losokonezeka lomwe limapereka chitsanzo cha "chizolowezi chogonana" chomwe chimangofanana ndi machitidwe abwinobwino a kugonana monga kumva chilakolako, kuchita chiwerewere, komanso kusamva chilakolako chogonana kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsanzo:

Kwenikweni, kugonana kumasonyeza kuti kuyendetsa khalidwe la kugonana kumaphatikizapo magawo anayi osiyana komanso osiyana omwe akufotokozedwa monga chilakolako cha kugonana, khalidwe la chiwerewere, kugonana, komanso kugonana kwachiwerewere.

Ndi zimenezo. Izi zandilimbikitsa kulengeza njira yanga yophunzirira kudya, yokhala ndi magawo anayi otsatizana: kumva njala, kufuna kudya, kudya, kumva kukhuta ndi kusiya. Magaziniyi inapempha ndemanga pa "kugonana komwe kukufunidwa." Ndikupangira iyi: Kusiyanitsa Ma Models Kumabisa Maziko a Sayansi a Kugonana Monga Matenda.

Chachiwiri, kafukufuku wokhudza chizolowezi choledzera amanena mobwerezabwereza kuti chizolowezi chimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso mokakamiza. (Kusaka kwa Google Scholar kwa chizolowezi + kusafuna kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso + kukakamiza kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumabwezera mawu 22,000 .) Nazi matanthauzo osavuta a kusafuna kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndi kukakamiza kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso :

  • Kusakhudzidwa: Kuchita mofulumira popanda kulingalira kapena kukonzekera mokwanira poyankha zochitika zamkati kapena zakunja. Kukonzekera kovomerezeka kulandira malipiro ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kubwezeretsedwa ndikulephera kuletsa khalidwe lokhutira mutangoyamba.
  • Kukhwima: Akulozera kubwereza khalidwe limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malamulo ena kapena mwatsatanetsatane. Zizoloŵezi zimenezi zimapirira ngakhale pamene zikukumana ndi zotsatira zovuta.

Mosakayikira, ofufuza za chizolowezi choledzera nthawi zambiri amanena kuti chizolowezicho chimayamba chifukwa cha khalidwe lofunafuna zosangalatsa mosaganizira bwino mpaka kuchita zinthu zobwerezabwereza kuti apewe kusasangalala (monga kupweteka chifukwa chosiya). Chifukwa chake, chizolowezicho chimakhala ndi zinthu ziwirizi , pamodzi ndi zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake kusiyana pakati pa "zitsanzo" za kusaganizira bwino ndi kukakamiza monga momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi CSBD sikunathetsedwe.

Chachitatu, nkhawa yokhudza zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za chithandizo cha mtundu uliwonse ndi nkhani yoopsa chifukwa ICD-11 sivomereza chithandizo chilichonse cha CSBD kapena matenda ena aliwonse amisala kapena akuthupi. Zimenezo zili kwa katswiri wa zaumoyo. Mu pepala lake la 2018, “ Compulsive sexual behavior: A non judgmental approach , membala wa gulu la CSBD Jon Grant (katswiri yemweyo amene Prause/Klein/Kohut adamunenera molakwika kale) adafotokoza za matenda olakwika, matenda osiyanasiyana, matenda ena ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zokhudzana ndi matenda atsopano a CSBD. Mwachidule, Grant akunena kuti Compulsive Sexual Behavior imatchedwanso “sex addiction” mu pepala limenelo!

“ Si chizolowezi, ndi chikakamizo. ” Izi zikutifikitsa ku nkhani ya ‘kukakamiza’ ndi ‘kuledzera’. Kuledzera ndi kukakamiza ndi mawu omwe alowa m'chilankhulo chathu cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Monga mawu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika komanso kumvedwa molakwika.

Potsutsana ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi zizolowezi, makamaka zolaula, okayikira nthawi zambiri amati zolaula ndizo 'kukakamiza' osati 'chizolowezi' chowona. Ena amalimbikira kunena kuti kuledzera kuli ngati "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Atafotokozedwanso kuti 'kukakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito X' kumasiyana bwanji ndimitsempha ndi 'chizolowezi cha X', kubwerera komwe anthu osadziwawa ndikuti "zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi mtundu chabe wa OCD." Sizowona.

Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti zizolowezi zimasiyana ndi OCD m'njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusiyana kwa mitsempha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake DSM-5 ndi ICD-11 ali ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ozindikira matenda ovutika maganizo komanso matenda osokoneza bongo . Kafukufuku sapereka kukayikira kulikonse kuti CSBD si mtundu wa OCD. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha anthu a CSB omwe ali ndi OCD yogwirizana ndi yofanana ndi chochepa modabwitsa. Kuchokera ku Conceptualization and Assessment of Hypersexual Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2016)

Matenda osokoneza bongo amalingalira kuti kugonana kumakhala kovuta (40) chifukwa kafukufuku wina apeza anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere ali pa zovuta zowonongeka (OCD). OCD chifukwa cha khalidwe lachiwerewere sichigwirizana ndi matenda a DSM-5 (1) omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangodziwa. Ngakhale malingaliro okhudzidwa a mtundu wa OCD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugonana, kugwirizanitsidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapeto pa obsessions sikupangidwira zosangalatsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi lipoti la OCD amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso amanyazi m'malo mofuna chilakolako cha kugonana kapena kudzuka pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta ndi zobakamiza, ndipo izi zimangokhala kuti zisawonongeke maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamvetse. (41)

Kuchokera mu kafukufuku wa June, 2018: Kubwerezanso Udindo wa Kusachita Zinthu Mosaganizira ndi Kukakamizika M'makhalidwe Ovuta Ogonana :

Kafukufuku wochepa wafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kukakamiza ndi kugonana mopitirira muyeso. Pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual losagwiritsa ntchito paraphilic [CSBD], kufalikira kwa matenda okakamiza—matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi kukakamiza—kumayambira pa 0% mpaka 14%.

Kuganizira kwambiri—komwe kungagwirizane ndi khalidwe lokakamiza—mwa amuna ofuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana kwambiri kwapezeka kuti kuli kokwera poyerekeza ndi gulu loyerekeza, koma kukula kwa kusiyana kumeneku kunali kofooka. Pamene mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa khalidwe lokakamiza kwambiri—komwe kunayesedwa ndi gawo laling'ono la Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II)—ndi kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chogonana kwambiri kunafufuzidwa pakati pa amuna ofuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kwambiri, chizolowezi chofuna kugwirizana bwino komanso kofooka chinapezeka. Kutengera zotsatira zomwe zatchulidwazi, kukakamiza kumawoneka kuti kumathandizira pang'ono kwambiri ku chilakolako chogonana kwambiri [CSBD].

Mu kafukufuku wina, kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kunafufuzidwa pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta pakati pa amuna, zomwe zinawonetsa ubale wabwino koma wofooka. Atafufuzidwa mu chitsanzo chovuta kwambiri, ubale pakati pa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta unayambitsidwa ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi chizolowezi cha pa intaneti, komanso chizolowezi choledzera kwambiri. Ponseponse, mgwirizano pakati pa kukakamizidwa ndi kugonana kwambiri ndi kukakamizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta umawoneka wofooka.

Pali mkangano womwe ulipo pakali pano wokhudza momwe mungaganizire bwino machitidwe ovuta okhudzana ndi kugonana (monga hypersexual ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta), ndi mitundu yopikisana yomwe ikupereka magulu monga matenda oletsa kukhudzidwa ndi chilakolako, matenda okhudzidwa ndi kukakamizidwa, kapena zizolowezi zamakhalidwe. Ubale pakati pa zizindikiro za transdiagnostic za kusakhazikika ndi kukakamizidwa ndi machitidwe ovuta okhudzana ndi kugonana uyenera kuyambitsa malingaliro otere, ngakhale kuti kusakhazikika ndi kukakamizidwa kwakhala kukuphatikizidwa mu zizolowezi.

Kupeza kuti kutengeka maganizo kumakhudzana pang'ono ndi kugonana kwa anthu ambiri kumapereka chithandizo pa kugawa matenda osokoneza bongo (monga momwe ICD-11 ikunenera; World Health Organization ngati matenda oletsa kutengeka maganizo kapena ngati chizolowezi chochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ). Poganizira matenda ena omwe akunenedwa pano ngati matenda oletsa kutengeka maganizo (monga, matenda ophulika nthawi zina, pyromania, ndi kleptomania) komanso zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la khalidwe logonana komanso matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha makhalidwe osokoneza bongo (monga kutchova juga ndi matenda amasewera), kugawa matenda osokoneza bongo m'gulu lomalizali kukuwoneka kuti kwathandizidwa bwino. (Kutsindika kwaperekedwa)

Pomaliza, maphunziro onse okhudza thupi ndi ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa CSB) amanena kuti zomwe zapezeka zikugwirizana ndi njira yoledzera (monga momwe maphunziro amanenera za kukwera kapena kulekerera ).

Mu 2016 George F. Koob ndi Nora D. Volkow adasindikiza ndemanga yawo yofunika kwambiri mu The New England Journal of Medicine : Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction . Koob ndi Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), ndipo Volkow ndi mkulu wa National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Pepalali likufotokoza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe, pomwe likunena m'ndime yake yoyamba kuti zizolowezi za kugonana zilipo:

Tikunena kuti sayansi ya ubongo ikupitirizabe kuthandizira chitsanzo cha matenda a ubongo cha chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya ubongo m'derali samangopereka mwayi watsopano wopewera ndi kuchiza zizolowezi zoledzeretsa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (monga chakudya, kugonana , ndi kutchova juga)….

Pepala la Volkow & Koob linafotokoza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi, komwe ndi: 1) Kuzindikira , 2) Kuchepetsa chidwi , 3) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino (kusaganizira bwino), 4) Kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la nkhawa . Kusintha konseku kwa ubongo kwapezeka pakati pa maphunziro ambiri okhudza thupi ndi ubongo omwe alembedwa patsamba lino :

  • Kafukufuku wolimbikitsa kulimbikitsa (kukonda-kuyambiranso & kulakalaka) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • Zofukufuku zomwe zimafotokoza kufunika kwa chilakolako kapena chizoloŵezi (zomwe zimapangitsa kulekerera) anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Maphunziro omwe amafotokoza zaoperewera oyang'anira (osatulutsa vuto) kapena omwe adasinthiratu kuchita zachiwerewere / ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
  • Zofukufuku zomwe zimasonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Kuponderezedwa kwa umboni wokhudzana ndi CSBD kumaphatikizapo njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #17: Owerenga zithunzi amatha kudzipatula komanso kulekerera

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: Mwachitsanzo, anthu okonda zinthu mopitirira muyeso amalosera zizindikiro zosiya kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso , koma anthu okonda zinthu mopitirira muyeso salosera kuti zinthu zidzasiya kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Anthu okonda zinthu mopitirira muyeso amalosera kuti zinthu zidzasintha kwambiri kapena kuchedwetsa chisangalalo chomwe akuyembekezera, pomwe anthu okonda zinthu mopitirira muyeso amalosera kuti zinthu zidzasintha mopitirira muyeso.

RE: zizindikiro zosiya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, zizindikiro zosiya sizikufunika kuti munthu adziwe ngati ali ndi chizolowezi choledzera. Choyamba, mupeza kuti mawu akuti "kulekerera kapena kusiya sikofunikira kapena kokwanira kuti munthu adziwe ngati ali ndi chizolowezi choledzera ..." mu DSM-IV-TR ndi DSM-5. Chachiwiri, kunena kuti zizolowezi "zenizeni" zimayambitsa zizindikiro zazikulu zosiya zomwe zimaika moyo pachiswe kumatanthauza molakwika kudalira thupi ndi kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi . Chidule cha ndemanga iyi ya 2015 ya mabuku chimapereka kufotokozera kwaukadaulo ( Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update ):

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa gawoli ndi yakuti kusiya mankhwala sikukhudza zotsatira za thupi kuchokera ku chinthu china. M'malo mwake, chitsanzochi chimayesa kusiya mankhwala kudzera mu zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha njira yomwe ili pamwambapa. Malingaliro olakwika monga nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo, dysphoria, ndi kukwiya ndi zizindikiro za kusiya mankhwala mu chitsanzo ichi cha chizolowezi [ 43 , 45 ]. Ofufuza omwe amatsutsa lingaliro la makhalidwe omwe ali osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza kapena kusamvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku, kusokoneza kusiya mankhwala ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi [ 46 , 47 ].

Palibe Prause, Klein, kapena Kohut amene adafalitsapo kafukufuku wokhudza chizolowezi choledzera, ndipo izi zikusonyeza. Ponena kuti zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kulekerera kuyenera kukhalapo kuti munthu adziwe chizolowezi choledzera, amalakwitsa munthu watsopanoyo posokoneza kudalira thupi ndi chizolowezi choledzera . Mawu awa si ofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amamwa mankhwala ambiri monga ma opioid a ululu wosatha, kapena prednisone pa matenda a autoimmune. Ubongo ndi minofu yawo yakhala imadalira iwo, ndipo kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kungayambitse zizindikiro zazikulu zosiya kumwa. Komabe sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala oledzera. Kuledzera kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumadziwika bwino komwe kumabweretsa chomwe timachidziwa kuti "chizolowezi". Ngati kusiyana sikukudziwika bwino, ndikupangira kufotokozera kosavuta kwa NIDA :

Kuledzera — kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosasamala kanthu za zotsatirapo zake zoipa — kumadziwika ndi kulephera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala; kulephera kukwaniritsa ntchito, chikhalidwe, kapena banja; ndipo, nthawi zina (kutengera mankhwala), kulolerana ndi kusiya. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kudalira kwakuthupi komwe thupi limasinthira mankhwalawo, kumafuna zochulukirapo kuti likwaniritse zina (kulolerana) ndikulimbikitsa zizindikiritso zakuthupi kapena zamaganizidwe ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kutha mwadzidzidzi (kusiya). Kudalira kwakuthupi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosalekeza-kuphatikiza mankhwala ambiri, ngakhale atatengedwa monga momwe adalangizira. Chifukwa chake, kudalira thupi pakokha sikutanthauza kusuta, koma nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi kuledzera.

Komabe, kafukufuku wa zolaula pa intaneti ndi malipoti ambiri odziwonetsa okha zikusonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ena amakumana ndi vuto la kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso/kapena kulolerana - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro cha kudalira thupi. Ndipotu, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amanena kuti zizindikiro zazikulu zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo , zomwe zimawakumbutsa za kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo: kusowa tulo, nkhawa, kukwiya, kusintha kwa maganizo, mutu, kusakhazikika, kusaganizira bwino, kutopa, kuvutika maganizo, kufooka kwa anthu komanso kutaya mwadzidzidzi chilakolako cha kugonana chomwe anyamata amachitcha kuti 'flatline' (chomwe chikuwoneka kuti ndi chosiyana ndi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula). Chizindikiro china cha kudalira thupi chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanena ndi kufuna kuti zolaula zikhazikike kapena kuti zifike pachimake.

Kusintha chizindikiro (CSBD) kapena "chitsanzo" (kutanthauza kusakhudzidwa) komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito awa sikusintha zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe amanena. (Onani Kodi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawoneka bwanji? ndi PDF iyi yokhala ndi malipoti a " zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ."

Thandizo lodalirika? Kafukufuku aliyense amene anavomereza, anafotokoza zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: Kafukufuku 10 amene anafotokoza zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula . Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chithunzi ichi kuchokera mu kafukufuku wa 2017 chomwe chikufotokoza za chitukuko ndi kuyesa kwa mafunso ovuta okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula . Dziwani kuti umboni wokwanira wa "kulekerera" ndi "kusiya" unapezeka mwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa.

Klein

Pepala la 2018 lomwe linanena za The Development and Validation of the Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale With a Large National Sample linayesanso kusiya ndi kulekerera. Zigawo zodziwika kwambiri za "chizolowezi chogonana" zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthuwa zinali kulimba mtima/kukhumba ndi kulekerera, koma zigawo zina, kuphatikizapo kusiya, nazonso zinawonekera. Kafukufuku wowonjezera wonena za umboni wa kusiya kapena kulekerera wasonkhanitsidwa pano.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #18: Nkhani ya "Business Insider" ndiyomwe muyenera kungogwirizira zomwe mumanena?

CHIDULE CHA SLATE: "Chizolowezi chogonana" sichinatchulidwe mwachindunji mu ICD-11 chifukwa cha umboni wosakwanira. Chisankhochi chikugwirizana ndi malingaliro a mabungwe asanu ndi limodzi aukadaulo omwe ali ndi ukatswiri wazachipatala komanso kafukufuku , omwe adapezanso umboni wosakwanira wotsimikizira lingaliro lakuti kugonana kapena zolaula ndizoledzeretsa.

Ponena za kunena kuti, "Kugonana ndi chizolowezi" sikunatchulidwe mwachindunji mu ICD-11 chifukwa cha umboni wosakwanira , kwenikweni, ayi, sizinali choncho. Monga tafotokozera kwina, ICD-11 kapena APA's DSM-5 sanagwiritsepo ntchito mawu oti "chizolowezi" pofotokoza chizolowezi - kaya ndi chizolowezi chotchova juga, kapena chizolowezi cha heroin. Mabuku onse awiri ofufuza matenda amatchula matenda otere kuti "matenda". (Tsatanetsatane wokhudza kuchotsedwa kwapadera kwa "Hypersexual Disorder" kuchokera ku DSM-5 wapezeka pamwambapa pansi pa Chidule #1.) Chifukwa chake, "chizolowezi chogonana" sichinaganizidwepo mwalamulo kuti chiphatikizidwe mu buku lililonse (ndipo chifukwa chake sichinakanidwenso).

Ponena za ulalo woyamba, ukupita ku nkhani yayifupi ya Business Insider , osati ku mawu ovomerezeka a WHO. Ndi zoona. Nkhani yotchuka ndiyo yokha yomwe Slate ikupereka kuti ithandizire malingaliro a olemba. Ngakhale zili choncho, Prause/Klein/Kohut ayenera kuti anawerenga nkhaniyi asanaidalire, chifukwa wasayansi yekhayo amene anatchula mawuwo akunena kuti pali zizolowezi zogonana:

Katswiri wa za endocrinologist Robert Lustig adauza Business Insider koyambirira kwa chaka chino kuti zochita zambiri zomwe zingabweretse chisangalalo, monga kugula zinthu, kudya, kusewera masewera apakanema, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti zonse zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoledzeretsa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. "Zimachita chimodzimodzi ndi dongosolo lanu la mitsempha monga momwe mankhwala onsewa amachitira," adatero. "Sizimachita gawo la dongosolo la mitsempha ya m'mphepete. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti si chizolowezi. Ndi chizolowezibe, koma kungoti ndi chizolowezi chopanda zotsatira zake."

N’chifukwa chiyani nkhani ya Slate sinagwirizane ndi magazini ya sayansi, monga ndemanga ya Lancet ya 2017 , yolembedwa ndi membala wa gulu la CSBD Shane Kraus, Ph.D? Chifukwa ndemanga ya Lancet imati umboni wovomerezeka umathandizira kuti CSBD iikidwe m’gulu la matenda osokoneza bongo:

Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

Matenda a ICD-11 okhudza Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ali pansi pa "mavuto olamulira kugwedezeka" pakadali pano, koma izi zitha kusintha mtsogolo, monga momwe zidachitikira ndi Gambling Disorder. Munkhaniyi yokhudza udindo uwu , Kraus akusiya mwayi woti CSBD idzayikidwa mu gawo la "Matenda Omwe Amachitika Chifukwa cha Khalidwe Losokoneza Bongo" m'buku la World Health Organization lothandizira odwala.

Ndipo monga Kraus akunena, "Izi sizitanthauza kuthetsa komaliza, koma ndi malo oyambira kufufuza ndi chithandizo kwa anthu."

Kaya inu kapena wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala mukufuna kutcha chiyani - "kugonana kwambiri," "chizolowezi chogonana," "chizolowezi chogonana," "khalidwe logonana losalamulirika," "chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti" - ngati machitidwewo ali mkati mwa kufotokozera kwa "Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder", vutoli likhoza kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-11 CSBD code.

Yankho: “mabungwe asanu ndi limodzi a akatswiri.” Kwenikweni, nkhani ya Slate inapereka maulalo atatu ku “mabungwe a akatswiri” ndi ulalo umodzi ku positi ya blog ya David Ley ya 2012 yokhudza DSM-5 yochotsa Hypersexual Disorder (yomwe idakambidwa pansi pa gawo #1 ). Tiyeni tiwone bwino chithandizo chomveka bwino ichi.

Ulalo #1: Ulalo ukupita ku chilengezo chodziwika bwino cha AASECT cha 2016. AASECT si bungwe lasayansi ndipo silinatchulepo chilichonse chochirikiza zomwe akunenazo mu lipoti lake la atolankhani - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maganizo ake akhale opanda tanthauzo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti chilengezo cha AASECT chinapititsidwa patsogolo ndi Michael Aaron ndi mamembala ena angapo a AASECT pogwiritsa ntchito "njira za zigawenga" zopanda makhalidwe abwino monga momwe Aaron adavomerezera mu positi iyi ya blog ya Psychology Today : Kusanthula: Momwe Chiganizo cha Kugonana kwa AASECT Chinapangidwira . Chidule cha kusanthula uku Kuzindikira "Malo Okhudza Kugonana kwa AASECT ," chikufotokoza mwachidule positi ya blog ya Aaron:

Poona kuti AASECT ikulekerera "chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana" ndi "chinyengo chachikulu," mu 2014 Dr. Aaron adaganiza zochotsa kuchirikiza lingaliro la "chizolowezi chogonana" m'magulu a AASECT. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, Dr. Aaron akuti adabzala dala mkangano pakati pa mamembala a AASECT kuti awulule omwe ali ndi malingaliro omwe sagwirizana ndi ake, kenako adatseka malingaliro amenewo pomwe akuwongolera bungweli kuti likane "chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana." Dr. Aaron adalungamitsa kugwiritsa ntchito "njira zopanduka, zaupandu " izi poganiza kuti anali kutsutsana ndi "makampani opindulitsa" a otsatira "chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana" omwe zolimbikitsira zachuma zingamulepheretse kuwabweretsa kumbali yake ndi nzeru ndi chifukwa. M'malo mwake, kuti achite "kusintha mwachangu" mu "mauthenga" a AASECT, adayesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti mawu olimbikitsa chizolowezi chogonana sanaphatikizidwe kwambiri pakukambirana za kusintha kwa njira ya AASECT.

Kudzitama kwa Dr. Aaron kumadutsa mopanda pake. Nthawi zambiri anthu samanyadira, makamaka kufalitsa, kupondereza mkangano wa maphunziro ndi sayansi. Ndipo zikuwoneka zosamvetsetseka kuti Dr. Aaron anathera nthawi ndi ndalama kuti akhale CST chovomerezedwa ndi bungwe lomwe adawona "chinyengo kwambiri" patatha chaka chimodzi atalowa nawo (ngati si kale). Ngati zili choncho, ndi Dr. Aaron amene amawoneka achinyengo pamene akutsutsa "kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere" opaleshoni pokhala ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito mu "chizoloŵezi chogonana", pamene, mwachiwonekere, ali ndi ndalama zofananamo pofuna kulimbikitsa maganizo ake otsutsa

Ndemanga zambiri ndi ndemanga zimasonyeza kufotokoza kwa AASECT pa zomwe ziri zenizeni: ndale zogonana:

Ulalo #2: Ulalo umapita ku chiganizo cha Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA). Palibe paliponse pomwe chiganizo cha udindo chikusonyeza kuti chizolowezi chogonana sichilipo. M'malo mwake ATSA imatikumbutsa kuti chiwerewere chosavomerezedwa ndi nkhanza zogonana (monga Harvey Weinstein) ndipo "mwina ... si chifukwa cha chizolowezi chogonana." Nzoonadi.

Ulalo #3 : Ulalowu ukupita ku chiganizo cha udindo cha Novembala, 2017 choperekedwa ndi mabungwe atatu osachita phindu. 'Umboni' womwe adatchulawo unathetsedwa mwachidule mzere ndi mzere mu ndemanga iyi: Kuthetsa pepala la "gulu" lotsutsa zolaula ndi chizolowezi chogonana (Novembala, 2017).

Mwa njira, zikuwoneka kuti AASECT ndi mabungwe atatuwa adapereka zilengezo zawo pofuna kuletsa matenda atsopano a "CSBD" kuti asalowe mu ICD-11. Mwachionekere, akatswiri a World Health Organization sanatengeke ndi kambuku wa pepalayu wopangidwa pamodzi, chifukwa matenda atsopanowa akuwonekera mu mtundu wa ICD-11.

Ulalo #4: Ulalo ukupita ku Sex Addiction: Rejected Yet Again ndi APA. Hypersexual Disorder SIZIDZAPHATIKIZIKA MU DSM5 . Nkhani iyi ya David Ley ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa ikuwonetsa njira yozungulira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito munkhani yonse ya Slate ndi anzawo apafupi a Ley. Pamene DSM-5 inakana matenda a "Hypersexual Disorder" Ley ndi anzake adalemba kuti akukana " Sex Addiction ." Komabe pamene ICD-11 idaphatikizapo matenda a "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder" adalemba kuti akuchotsa " Sex Addiction ." Bwanji mukuda nkhawa ndi kusagwirizana kwamkati, eti? Ingonenani kuti wakuda ndi woyera, ndikubwerezanso mu ma tweets, pa mndandanda ndi Facebook ndi nkhani ngati iyi ya Klein/Kohut/Prause.

Chotsatira, bwererani kumayendedwe anu pogwiritsa ntchito kampani yodula ya PR. Itha kukupangitsani inu ndi mabodza anu kuyikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana owulutsa, kukuwonetsani ngati akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zilibe kanthu ngati simuli wophunzira, simunakhale ndi yunivesite kwazaka zambiri, kapena mutalandira PhD yanu kuchokera ku bungwe losavomerezeka la kugonana.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

ZOCHITIKA # 15 & # 19: The Kuphunzira kokha kumagwirizanitsa "kudzidzidzimutsa ngati munthu wodetsa zolaula" pogwiritsa ntchito maola ambiri, chipembedzo ndi kukana makhalidwe anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndiko njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwiritsira kuti mumakonda kwambiri zolaula

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Polankhula za vuto lalikulu lomwe lilipo, vuto lalikulu lomwe anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi manyazi. Manyazi okhudza kuonera mafilimu ogonana amachulukitsidwa ndi makampani ochiza anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana (kuti apeze phindu), atolankhani (ofuna kudina), komanso magulu achipembedzo (kuti alamulire kugonana). Tsoka ilo, kaya mukukhulupirira kuti kuonera zolaula n'koyenera kapena ayi, kunyoza anthu omwe amaonera mafilimu ogonana kungakhale kukuthandizira vutoli. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira akuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "okonda zolaula" saonera mafilimu ogonana kuposa anthu ena. Amangomva manyazi kwambiri ndi machitidwe awo, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula m'gulu lachipembedzo kapena loletsa kugonana.

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Chisankho chophatikizapo kukakamizidwa kugonana mu ICD-11 chimatidabwitsa chifukwa njira zenizeni zodziwira matenda zomwe zidasankhidwa sizinayesedwepo. Makamaka, ICD-11 imanena kuti aliyense amene akuda nkhawa ndi machitidwe ake ogonana nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha "maganizo abwinobwino komanso kusavomereza zilakolako za kugonana, zilakolako, kapena machitidwe" sayenera kuchotsedwa pa matenda. Komabe, zigamulo zamakhalidwe abwino ndi kusavomereza ndizomwe zimawonetsa kwambiri kuti munthu akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula poyamba.

Zotsatirazi zikuphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi zolemba zina 15 ndi 19 onse awiri akugwirizana ndi zojambula zolaula (CPUI-9) ndi maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zindikirani: Chidziwitso chachikulu chomwe chikufotokozedwa muzinthu zonsezi ndi zabodza monga momwe zilili Phunziro limodzi lokha lomwe linagwirizanitsa kudzidzidzimutsa monga chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe choletsera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zotsatira zake zikutsutsana ndi nkhani yomangidwa mosamala yonena za "chizolowezi chomwa chizolowezi" (kuti "zolaula ndizachipembedzo chabe / kunyalanyaza kwamakhalidwe abwino") - zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamaphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito
Chida chopanda pake chotchedwa CPUI-9. Mu phunziro lokha lokhazikitsidwa molunjika, kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi kudzidzimva nokha monga chidakwa kunali Maola owonetsera zolaula. Chipembedzo sichinali chopanda phindu, ndipo ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana pakati pa kudzidzimva monga chizoloŵezi ndi chizoloŵezi cha makhalidwe okhudza zolaula, chinali pafupifupi theka maola ogwiritsirana ntchito.

Pano ife tikupereka mwachidule mndandanda wa Yoswa Grubbs questionnaire (CPUI-9), nthano ya "kuwonetsa zolaula zolaula," ndi zomwe deta yoyenera ikuwulula. Popeza izi zimaphatikizapo intaneti yovuta komanso yokhala ndi zigawo zambiri, nkhani zitatu ndi mafotokozedwe amapangidwa kuti afotokoze momveka bwino maphunziro a CPUI-9:

Kuti mumvetse momwe kafukufuku wokhawo wokhudzana ndi kugonana mwachindunji umawonongera maphunziro onse a CPUI-9 , zambiri zokhudza nkhaniyi n'zothandiza. Mawu akuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" sakusonyeza china chilichonse koma chiwerengero chimodzi: chiwerengero chonse pa mafunso 9 otsatirawa okhudza zolaula ndi mafunso atatu owonjezera. Chidziwitso chofunikira ndichakuti CPUI-9 ili ndi mafunso atatu akuti "kudzimva chisoni ndi manyazi/kuvutika maganizo" omwe nthawi zambiri sapezeka mu zida zoledzera . Izi zimasokoneza zotsatira zake , zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza manambala apamwamba komanso osapembedza kuti apeze manambala otsika kuposa omwe amaphunzira pazida zoyezera chizolowezi. Sichimasiyanitsa tirigu ndi mankhusu malinga ndi chizolowezi chodziwika ndi chizolowezi chenicheni . Komanso CPUI-9 simayesa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula molondola.

Gawo Loyamba Kukakamizidwa

  1. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa Intaneti.
  2. Ndikumva kuti sindingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.
  3. Ngakhale pamene sindikufuna kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ndimamva kuti ndikuyandikira

Gawo la Mayesero Opeza

  1. Nthaŵi zina, ndimayesetsa kukonza ndondomeko yanga kuti ndikhale ndekha kuti ndione zolaula.
  2. Ndakana kukakhala ndi anzanga kapena kupita kuntchito zina kuti ndipeze zolaula.
  3. Ndaika zofunikira kwambiri kuti ndiziona zolaula.

Kusokonezeka Maganizo Section

  1. Ndimachita manyazi ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.
  2. Ndimaona kuti ndikuvutika maganizo chifukwa choona zolaula pa intaneti.
  3. [Ndipo] ndimadwala ndikamaonera zolaula pa intaneti.

Anthu omwe amaphunzira za Grubbs samadzitcha okha kuti ndi oledzera zolaula : Amangoyankha mafunso 9 omwe ali pamwambapa, ndikupeza chigoli chonse.

Mawu akuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" akusocheretsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi chigoli chopanda tanthauzo pa chida chomwe chimapereka zotsatira zolakwika. Koma anthu amaganiza kuti amvetsetsa tanthauzo la "chizolowezi choonera zolaula". Iwo amaganiza kuti zikutanthauza kuti wopanga CPUI-9, Grubbs, adapeza njira yosiyanitsira "chizolowezi" chenicheni ndi "kukhulupirira chizolowezi." Sanatero. Anangopereka dzina lachinyengo ku "zolemba zake zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula," CPUI-9. Grubbs sanayesere kukonza malingaliro olakwika okhudza ntchito yake omwe adafalikira m'manyuzipepala, olimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso anzawo atolankhani.

Otsutsa osocheretsa mwachidule anafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za CPUI-9 monga:

  • Kukhulupirira zolaula ndizo zimayambitsa mavuto anu, osati zolaula.
  • Owerenga zolaula sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ngakhale atapanga ma Grubbs CPUI-9) - amakhala ndi manyazi basi.

Chinsinsi: Mafunso okhudza Mavuto a Maganizo (7-9) amachititsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza zigoli zambiri komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza zigoli zochepa kwambiri, komanso kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa "kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino" ndi chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chodziwika"). Mwanjira ina, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuchokera ku mafunso a CPUI-9 1-6 (omwe amayesa zizindikiro za chizolowezi chenicheni ), mgwirizanowo umasintha kwambiri - ndipo nkhani zonse zokayikitsa zomwe zimati manyazi ndi chifukwa chenicheni cha chizolowezi cha zolaula sizikanalembedwapo.

Kuti tiwone maubwenzi angapo owulula, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito deta kuchokera mu pepala la 2015 la Grubbs (“ Kuchimwa monga Chizolowezi: Chipembedzo ndi Kusavomerezeka kwa Makhalidwe Abwino monga Oneneratu za Chizolowezi Chodziwika cha Zolaula ”). Lili ndi maphunziro atatu osiyana ndipo mutu wake wotsutsa ukusonyeza kuti chipembedzo ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino “zimayambitsa” kukhulupirira chizolowezi cha zolaula.

Malangizo omvetsetsa chiwerengero patebulo: Zero amatanthawuza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiri; 1.00 imatanthauza mgwirizano wathunthu pakati pa mitundu iwiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa 2.

Mu mgwirizano woyambawu tikuwona momwe makhalidwe oipa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi 3 kuweruzidwa ndi mafunso amanyazi (Chisokonezo Chakumtima), komabe zofooka ndi zigawo zina ziwiri zomwe zimayesa zowonongeka (mafunso 1-6). Mafunso Ovutika maganizo amachititsa kuti munthu asavomereze makhalidwe abwino kuti akhale ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha CPUI-9.

Koma ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mafunso enieni okhaokha okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6), mgwirizano ndi wokongola kwambiri ndi Kusayenerera Khalidwe (mwa kulankhula-sayansi, Kusayenerera Khalidwe ndizovuta kuwonetsa zolaula).

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi ndi momwe 3 Emotional Distress yofananayo imagwirizanirana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito a zolaula, pomwe mafunso enieni okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6) amagwirizana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito olaula.

Umu ndi momwe mafunso atatu a Emotional Distress amasinthira zotsatira. Amachepetsa ubale pakati pa "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" ndi zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chodziwika"). Kenako, chiwerengero chonse cha magawo atatu a mayeso a CPUI-9 chimatchedwanso "chizolowezi chodziwika" ndi Grubbs. Kenako, m'manja mwa omenyera ufulu wotsutsa zolaula, "chizolowezi chodziwika" chimasanduka "kudzizindikiritsa ngati munthu wokonda zolaula." Olimbikitsa ufuluwo agwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, komwe CPUI-9 imapanga nthawi zonse , ndipo tsopano akunena kuti, "kukhulupirira chizolowezi chogonana ndi manyazi chabe! "

Ndi nyumba ya makadi omangidwa pa 3 kumlandu komanso funso losautsa lomwe silinapezepo muyeso ina iliyonse yowonongeka, kuphatikizapo nthawi yosokoneza yomwe wolemba mafunso akugwiritsa ntchito poyesa mafunso ake a 9 (monga chiwerengero cha "kuwonetsa zolaula").

Nyumba ya makadi ya CPUI-9 inagwa ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 womwe unapangitsa kuti CPUI-9 ikhale yopanda ntchito ngati chida chowunikira "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" kapena chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Ziwerengero za Inventory-9 Zimasonyeza Kukakamizidwa Kwenikweni mu Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti? Kufufuza Udindo wa Kudziletsa . Inapezanso kuti 1/3 ya mafunso a CPUI-9 ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti abweretse zotsatira zenizeni zokhudzana ndi "kukana makhalidwe abwino," "chipembedzo," ndi "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula." Mukuwona zigawo zonse zofunika apa , koma Fernandez et al., 2018 akufupikitsa zinthu:

Chachiwiri, zomwe tinazipeza zimakayikira za kuyenerera kwa kuphatikiza kwa Emotional Distress subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9. Monga momwe nthawi zonse anapezera maphunziro ambiri (mwachitsanzo, Grubbs et al., 2015a, c), zomwe tinazipeza zinasonyezanso kuti nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito IP sikunali mgwirizano ndi zovuta za mumtima. Chofunika kwambiri, kudzikakamiza kwenikweni monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito phunziroli (kusayesayesa kuyesa kudziletsa) kusakhala ndi ubale ndi zovuta za mumtima.

Mavuto Akumtima Ambiri amatsutsika kwambiri ndi makhalidwe oipa, mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo omwe adapezekanso pakati pa awiri (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016) .... Zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo Chisokonezo cha Emotional subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9 kungapangitse zotsatira mwazimene zimasokoneza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP omwe samatsutsa zolaula, ndipo amachititsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a IP Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zovuta zodzikakamiza, koma khalidwe loipa la zolaula.

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa Chisokonezo cha Emotional Distcale chinachokera pachiwerengero cha "Chilungamitso" choyambirira chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka ndi anthu achipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2010), ndipo ntchito yake ndi anthu omwe si achipembedzo sichidziwika chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatira zokhudzana ndi izi.

Nayi mfundo yaikulu: Mafunso atatu a "Mavuto Amaganizo" alibe malo mu CPUI-9 , kapena mafunso aliwonse okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Mafunso awa odzimva ndi manyazi sayesa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika kapena "malingaliro a chizolowezi." Mafunso atatuwa amangowonjezera zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 kwa anthu achipembedzo pomwe akuchepetsa zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 kwa anthu omwe sali achipembedzo omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana.

Mwachidule, mfundo ndi zomwe CPUI-9 inanena ndi zosalondola. Joshua Grubbs adapanga mafunso omwe sangasankhidwe, ndipo sanatsimikizidwepo, posankha "zodziwika" kuchokera ku chizolowezi chenicheni : CPUI-9. Popanda zifukwa zasayansi, adalembanso CPUI -9 yake ngati mafunso "odziwika ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula".

Popeza CPUI-9 inali ndi mafunso atatu osafunikira oyesa kudzimva kuti ndi wolakwa komanso wamanyazi, zigoli za CPUI-9 za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo nthawi zambiri zimakokedwa . Kupezeka kwa zigoli zapamwamba za CPUI-9 kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kunaperekedwa kwa atolankhani ngati chonena kuti, " anthu achipembedzo amakhulupirira zabodza kuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula ." Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi maphunziro angapo ogwirizana ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino ndi zigoli za CPUI-9 . Popeza anthu achipembedzo monga gulu amapeza zigoli zambiri pakusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, ndipo (motero) CPUI-9 yonse, zinanenedwa (popanda chithandizo chenicheni) kuti kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino kozikidwa pa chipembedzo ndiye chifukwa chenicheni cha chizolowezi choonera zolaula. Ndi kudumphadumpha kwakukulu, ndipo sikuli koyenera ngati nkhani ya sayansi.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++

EXCERPT #20: Kafukufuku wonenedwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi zolaula monga ndalama zake ndipo amalipiridwa ndi kampani yotsutsana yomwe ikuyesa kutsimikizira njira zake zogulira mtengo kwambiri ... eya, zomwe zingawonongetse zolaula

CHIDULE CHA SALATE: Chofunika kwambiri, tilibe kafukufuku wa labotale wokhudza machitidwe enieni ogonana mwa iwo omwe anena za vutoli. Kafukufuku woyamba wa machitidwe ogonana ogwirizana mu labotale, womwe umayesa chitsanzo cha kukakamizidwa, pakadali pano ukuwunikidwa ndi anzawo mu magazini yasayansi. (Kuulula: Mmodzi mwa olemba nawo nkhaniyi, Nicole Prause, ndiye wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu.) Bungwe la World Health Organization liyenera kudikira kuti lione ngati sayansi iliyonse ikuthandizira matenda awo atsopano asanayambe kuyika pachiwopsezo anthu mamiliyoni ambiri athanzi.

“Tilibe maphunziro a labotale?” Ayi. Pali maphunziro ambiri a labotale omwe amafalitsidwa pa zotsatira za zolaula pa wowonera (zomwe zalembedwa mu Chidule #9 ). Chofunika kwambiri, pali “maphunziro a labotale” 50 omwe amayesa ntchito za ubongo ndi kapangidwe kake mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso omwe ali ndi CSB.

Tilinso ndi maphunziro mazana ambiri okhudza akuluakulu omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zenizeni ndi zotsatira zoyipa zosiyanasiyana monga kukhutitsidwa kochepa muubwenzi, kukhutitsidwa kochepa muubwenzi, kusudzulana, kulekana kwaukwati, kusweka kwaubwenzi, kudzipereka kochepa, kulankhulana koipa kwambiri, kugonana kochepa, kusokonekera kwa erectile, anorgasmia, libido yochepa, kuchedwa kutulutsa umuna, kuganizira moperewera, kukumbukira kosakhala bwino pantchito, kusungulumwa, kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kukhudzidwa ndi anthu, kupsinjika maganizo, kuganiza mopanda nzeru, psychoticism, chizolowezi, kudzikuza, chimwemwe chochepa, mavuto muubwenzi, kudalirana kochepa muubwenzi, kuchepa kwa mtengo wa kulankhulana pogonana komanso nkhawa yachikondi.

Mofananamo, maphunzirowa akugwirizanitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zenizeni ndi malingaliro oipa a thupi, kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi minofu, mafuta m'thupi ndi kutalika, kupsinjika kwakukulu, nkhawa zambiri zogonana, kusasangalala pang'ono ndi machitidwe apamtima, kutopa kwambiri pogonana, kulankhulana kosasangalatsa kwa onse awiri, kuchepa kwa malingaliro a luso/makhalidwe abwino/umunthu wa akazi, kutaya chifundo kwa akazi ngati ogwiriridwa, kukhulupirira kwakukulu kuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana, malingaliro ochepa okhudza udindo wa amuna ndi akazi, kudana kwambiri ndi amuna kapena akazi, kutsutsa kuchitapo kanthu kovomerezeka, kusamvera nkhanza zogonana, kuganiza za akazi ngati zinthu zomwe zilipo kuti amuna azisangalala ndi kugonana, kutsatira kwambiri chikhulupiriro chakuti mphamvu pa akazi ndizofunikira, kuyankha kochepa ku zolaula za "vanilla sex", kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zatsopano komanso zosiyanasiyana .... ndi zina zambiri.

Tili ndi maphunziro oposa 270 okhudza achinyamata omwe akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi zinthu monga maphunziro osauka, malingaliro osankhana mitundu, nkhanza zambiri, thanzi losauka, maubwenzi osauka, kukhutitsidwa pang'ono, kuona anthu ngati zinthu, kutenga chiopsezo chogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu pang'ono, nkhanza zogonana kwambiri, nkhawa yosamveka bwino, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kugonana, kukhutitsidwa pang'ono, chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana, malingaliro olekerera kwambiri, kusakhazikika pagulu, kudziona kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri, thanzi lochepa, khalidwe loipa la kugonana, chizolowezi, mikangano yayikulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, njira zopewera komanso zodetsa nkhawa, machitidwe osagwirizana ndi anthu, kumwa mowa kwambiri, ndewu, zizindikiro za ADHD, kusowa chidziwitso, kuvomereza kwambiri kugonana asanakwatirane ndi kunja kwa ukwati, kuwunika pang'ono ukwati, kulimbikitsa kuvomereza ulamuliro wa amuna ndi akazi, kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kukhulupirira nthano zogwiririra ndi uhule…. ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi Pemphero la "Prayatory" lomwe likubweralo lidzayambe "kupatulapo maphunziro ambirimbiri omwe adachitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi? Zomwe sizingatheke monga tikudziwira kale za kafukufuku yemwe akubwera pa "zizoloŵezi zogonana zogonana." Zonsezi ndi zolemba zamalonda zopindulitsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kafukufukuyu akhala akulira kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi okwatiranawo adzachita chiyani mu labu? Kodi awiriwa azionera zolaula? Ayi. Kodi kafukufukuyu adzakhala ndi gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula omwe ayesedwa mosamala komanso gulu lowongolera kuti ayerekezeredwe? Ayi. Awa ndi mafunso ofunikira, chifukwa kafukufuku wotchuka kwambiri wa Prause wa EEG anali ndi zolakwika zingapo zoopsa: 1) anthu anali osiyana (amuna, akazi, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) ; 2) anthu sanayang'anitsidwe matenda amisala kapena zizolowezi ; 3) kafukufukuyu analibe gulu lowongolera kuti ayerekezere ; 4) mafunso sanatsimikizidwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito zolaula kapena zizolowezi zolaula . 5) Ambiri mwa omwe amatchedwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula mu kafukufukuyu sanali anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula kwenikweni . Ngakhale izi, Prause adalemba molakwika zomwe adapeza mu kafukufukuyu, monga momwe pulofesa wa zamaganizo John A. Johnson adavumbulutsira mu ndemanga ziwiri zosiyana pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Nicole Prause pa Psychology Today ( ndemanga #1 , ndemanga #2 {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/542939#comment-542939}).

M'malo mwake, zisonyezo zonse zomwe zilipo ndikuti anthu omwe amagwirizana nawo sangachite chilichonse chogwirizana ndi nkhaniyi ndi Prause / Kohut / Klein. Izi ndi zomwe tikudziwa za izi zomwe sizinasindikizidwebe: Pembedzero lidatumizidwa ndi kampani yaku California kuti tsamba lake la webusayiti ndi lomwe limapeza ndalama zambiri, Orgasmic Meditation (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 'OM' ndi 'OneTaste'), kuti aphunzire maubwino am'magulu am'magazi . Kuchokera pa tsamba la Prause's Liberos:

"Zotsatira za mitsempha ndi ubwino wa thanzi la kusinkhasinkha kwa orgasmic" Wofufuza Wamkulu, Ndalama zachindunji: $350,000 , Kutalika: Zaka 2, OneTaste Foundation, Ofufuza anzake: Greg Siegle, Ph.D.

OneTaste imalipiritsa ndalama zambiri kuti akapezeke pamisonkhano yomwe ophunzira amaphunzira "kusinkhasinkha kwa orgasmic" (momwe angagwirire akazi ndi clitorises). Kampaniyi posachedwapa yalandira nkhani zosasangalatsa komanso zovumbulutsa (ndipo tsopano ikufufuzidwa ndi FBI ). Nazi nkhani:

Kampani ya OM/OneTaste ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a Prause omwe akubwera kuti "akweze" malonda awo kufika pamlingo watsopano. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Bloomberg ya The Dark Side of the Orgasmic Meditation Company ,

Mtsogoleri watsopanoyu akulonjeza kuti kafukufuku wa OneTaste wokhudza ubwino wa OM pa thanzi, womwe watenga ziwerengero za ubongo kuchokera ku ma stroker ndi ma stroke 130, udzakopa anthu ambiri. Motsogozedwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Pittsburgh, kafukufukuyu akuyembekezeka kupereka pepala loyamba mwa mapepala angapo chaka chino. "Sayansi yomwe ikubwera kutsimikizira izi ndi ubwino wake idzakhala yayikulu pankhani ya kukula," akutero Van Vleck.

Ngakhale kuti bizinesi yofufuza ya Prause ya OM ikukamba za kuponderezedwa kwa clitoral, iye akunena kale (monga apa) kapena akunena poyera ( kwina ) kuti izi zimachepetsa matenda atsopano a ICD-11 a "Compulsive sexual behavior disorder" (CSBD). (Ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake zotsutsana kwambiri mu maphunziro ake a 2013 ndi 2015 zonse zinatsutsa chizolowezi chogonana.) Mwachidule, kafukufuku uliwonse womwe wasayansi uyu walemba ntchito kuti achite, mutha kunena kuti atsutsa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula, komanso CSBD yatsopano yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira zonse ziwiri!

Mwa njira, kodi Prause adapeza kuti anthu omwe adamufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito clitoral-stroking? Malinga ndi ma tweets a munthu wamkulu, Prause adapeza anthu ochita zolaula ngati anthu omwe amaphunzira za OM , kudzera mu bungwe lamphamvu kwambiri lolimbikitsa anthu ochita zolaula, Free Speech Coalition . Onani kusinthana kwa Twitter pakati pa Prause ndi munthu wamkulu, Ruby the Big Rubousky , yemwe ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Adult Performers Actors Guild (Prause wachotsa ulusiwu)

Pembedzero limayankha pa tweet ya Ruby ndikuti munthu akhoza kukhala wokonda zolaula

Nkhaniyo ikupitiliza:

Pemphero lakhala likuimba ena mlandu mwachangu kuti ndi okonda tsankho popanda kupereka umboni uliwonse womveka bwino, koma kafukufuku wake wa OM ndi chitsanzo champhamvu cha mkangano waukulu wa chidwi: kutenga mazana ambiri a madola kuti apeze phindu la chizolowezi chokayikitsa, choyendetsedwa ndi malonda ... ndipo mwina kupeza anthu kudzera mu gawo lamphamvu kwambiri la makampani opanga zolaula. Ponseponse akutumikira makampani opanga zolaula mosavuta ponena kuti kafukufukuyu akulepheretsa matenda atsopano a CSBD omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa iwo omwe ali ndi machitidwe okakamiza kugonana ( oposa 80% omwe amanena kuti ali ndi mavuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti).

Mu mkangano wina wokhudzana ndi OM, Prause ndi CEO wa OneTaste Nicole Daedone adalipiritsa ndalama zokwana $1,900 pa munthu aliyense pa msonkhano wa masiku atatu wotchedwa “Flow & Orgasm.” Monga Prause, Nicole Daedone ali ndi mbiri yakale ya khalidwe lokayikitsa. Chidule cha nkhani ya The Dark Side of the Orgasmic Meditation Company chinajambula chithunzi chovuta:

Mu mbiri yake ya 2009, Times inatchula mamembala akale kuti Daedone, yemwe kale anali CEO wa OneTaste, anali ndi "mphamvu zonga zachipembedzo pa otsatira ake" ndipo "nthawi zina ankanena mwamphamvu kuti ndani ayenera kukhala naye pachibwenzi mwachikondi."

Msonkhano wa yuppies ukhoza kusankhidwa kuti ndiwosemphana ndi chidwi kwa a Dr. Prause: Amalipira koyamba masauzande mazana angapo kuti "atsimikizire" maubwino osawerengeka a Kusinkhasinkha Kwa Orgasmic, kenako amalipidwanso pomupereka OM zomwe zapezedwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo wam'badwo watsopano ndi OneTaste CEO yemwe anali atamulipira kale kuti avomereze OM. The bwalo la moyo.

Ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya Prause. Komabe, izi zikukayikitsa ngati zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku maphunziro a OM a Prause zili zovomerezeka. Tiyenera kufunsa kuti: Kodi maphunziro a OM a Prause angakhale bwanji osakondera ? Izi sizikusiyana ndi Eli Lilly kulipira wofufuza kuti "aphunzire" ubwino wa Prozac, kenako n’kulipira wofufuza yemweyo ndalama zambiri kuti apereke za Prozac pamisonkhano yachipatala.

Lingaliro lina pa "Debunking "Chifukwa Chiyani Tilikudandaula Kwambiri Kuwona Zolaula?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause)"

  1. Pingback: "UBONGO WAKO PA PORN". Los Efectos de la Pornografía en el Cerebro. - Punto Crítico Derechos Humanos

Comments atsekedwa.