Debunking "Chifukwa Chiyani Tilikudandaula Kwambiri Kuwona Zolaula?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause)

Marty Klein

Introduction

Izi zikuwunika magawo awiri: Gawo 1 limafotokoza momwe zingakhalire Chithunzi cha Nicole, Marty Klein ndi Taylor Kohut akunamizira zabodza "umboni" wawo wokha kuti athandizire zabodza zenizeni za nkhaniyi - kuti "kuwonera zolaula" sanatengeredwe ku matenda a ICD-11 "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder". Gawo 2 limawulula zomwe zatulutsidwa modabwitsa, zonama, zonama, komanso zosankha zomwe zidasungidwa mu nkhani ya Prause / Klein / Kohut. (Chidziwitso: Zambiri zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa ndikuwonetsera zabodza zimasindikizidwanso kuchokera mu 2016 Prause "Letter to the editor" yomwe YBOP idasokoneza zaka 2 zapitazo: Mtsutso wa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za ", 2016.)

Kodi ndani amene ali olemba a izi? nkhani?

Musanayambe kukumbukira zomwe zili m'munsizi, ndi bwino kuganiziranso zofunikira za ntchito yofalitsa Slate. Olemba ake si anthu opanda tsankho. Zochita zawo zolaula zimakhala zomveka.

Chithunzi cha Nicole ndi kale maphunziro ndi a mbiri yakale olemba mabuku, olemba mabuku, olemba nkhani, olemba mabuku, olemba mabuku, mabungwe ambiri, ndi ena omwe amafunitsitsa kupereka umboni wolakwira pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Iye akuwoneka kuti ali osangalatsa kwambiri ndi makampani oonera zolaula, monga momwe tingawonere pa izi Chithunzi cha iye (kumanja) pamphepete wofiira wa mwambo wa mpikisano wa Critics Organization (XRCO) X-Rated (XRCO). (Malinga ndi Wikipedia the XRCO Awards amaperekedwa ndi American X-Rated Critics Organisation chaka ndi chaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zosangalatsa zachikulire ndipo ndizopadera zokha zotsatsa malonda zomwe zikuwonetseratu zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogulitsa ntchito.[1]).

Zikuwonekeranso kuti Prause angakhale adapeza ochita zolaula ngati mutus kudzera mu gulu lina lokonda zolaula Mgwirizanowu waulere. Maphunziro a FSC akuti adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa iye kuphunzira aganyu pa wodetsedwa kwambiri ndi Kusinkhasinkha Kwambiri ” chiwembu (chomwe tsopano chiri kufufuzidwa ndi FBI). Kuthekera kwapanganso Zosagwirizana zosagwirizana za zotsatira za maphunziro ake ndi iye njira zophunzirira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: Kodi Nicole Anagwiritsira Ntchito Pulogalamu Yolimbikitsa Zogulitsa Zojambulajambula?.

Marty Klein nthawi ina adadzikuza yekha pa tsamba la AVN la Hall of Fame pozindikira kuti amalimbikitsa zolaula pochita malonda a zolaula (kuchotsedwapo).

Taylor Kohut ndi wofufuza wina wa ku Canada amene akufalitsa mosasamala, kufufuza mosamala kwambiri monga: "Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimakhudzadi 'Kudana ndi Akazi'?"Omwe angakhale owerenga osasangalatsa amakhulupirira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyana pa akazi (satero), ndi "Zotsatira Zomwe Zachithunzi Zolaula Pa Ubale Wachibale, "Yomwe ikuyesera kulimbana nayo pa maphunziro a 75 kuwonetsa kuti zolaula zimakhudza maubwenzi. (Pano pali Vimeo akutsutsa kwambiri maphunziro a Kohut ndi a Prause omwe amakayikira.) A Kohut webusayiti yatsopano ndipo lake yesetsani kusonkhanitsa ndalama onetsani kuti atha kukhala ndi zolinga. Kukondera kwa a Kohut kudawululidwa momveka bwino mwachidule kwa Komiti Yoyang'anira Zaumoyo Ponena za Motion M-47 (Canada). Mwachidule, monga Slate Nkhani, Kohut ndi olemba nawo milandu anali ndi mlandu wosankha chitumbuwa pang'ono pomwe amanamizira zomwe zikuchitika pakufufuza zolaula.

GAWO 1: Debunking kudai ICD-11 kupatula "kuwonera zolaula" kuchokera ku "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder"

Anthu amene amadana ndi zolaula amasokonezeka chifukwa chakuti buku la World Health Organisation, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano oyenera kudziwa zomwe zimadziwika kuti 'zolaula' kapena 'chizolowezi chogonana'. Amatchedwa "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere"(CSBD). Komabe, mochititsa chidwi "Tinatayika, koma tapambana" pulogalamu yachinyengo, otsutsa akhala akuchotsa zonsezi kuti athetse vutoli. kukanidwa za "kugonana" komanso "kuledzera."

Osakhutitsidwa ndi nkhani yabodza yonena kuti "kukana kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa," omwe amatsutsa zolaula omwe amatsutsa Nicole Prause, Marty Klein ndi Taylor Kohut atenga zabodza zawo mu Julayi 30, 2018 Slate Nkhani: "Chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe Pankhani Yolaula?"Popanda kupereka umboni uliwonse wopitilira malingaliro awo, a Prause / Klein / Kohut triumvirate akutsimikizira kuti WHO idaletsa mwapadera kuwonera zolaula kuchokera ku matenda a" Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder ":

Popanda kuthandizidwa, ndi zero logic, Prause / Klein / Kohut amafuna kuti ife tikhulupirire zimenezo chizolowezi chogonana chodziwika kwambiri - zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito - zatulutsidwa kuchokera ku buku latsopanoli la WHO (ICD-11). Kulephera kwa kampeni ya olemba kumawonekera pazifukwa zambiri, zina mwazodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:

  • Izo zikudziwonekera kuti a Chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha CSBD limagwira ntchito kwa iwo omwe akuvutika ndi zolaula amachita. (Onani pansipa.)
  • CSBD sinafotokoze (kapena ayi) aliyense zochitika zogonana.
  • Kafukufuku wamaphunziro ambiri kuti osachepera 80% a anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana (chiwerewere) amanena zolaula zolaula pa intaneti.
  • Zambiri mwaposachedwapa Zotsatira za 50 za sayansi (yomwe WHO inadalira pa chisankho chake kuti ikhale ndi CSBD) yapangidwa oonera zolaula pa intaneti - kotero ndi zopusa kuti awonetsere kuti WHO inaletsa kuonera zolaula koma anaiwala kuti adziwone.

Tisanafike pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane zonena za omwe akukana, tiyeni tiwone bwino: Palibe chilengezo kapena malingaliro osamveka m'mabuku aliwonse a WHO omwe angatanthauzidwe kuti kupatula ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mofananamo, palibe mneneri wa WHO amene adanenapo kuti matenda a CSBD samaphatikizaponso zolaula. Nayi fayilo ya Dongosolo la CSBD lonse atengedwa kuchokera ku Buku la ICD-11:

Khalidwe logonana lokakamiza limadziwika ndi njira yosalephera yolamulira mwamphamvu, yobwereza chilimbikitso kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe zimabweretsa kubwereza. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo zochitika zobwerezabwereza zakugonana kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu mpaka kunyalanyaza thanzi komanso chisamaliro chake kapena zofuna zina, ntchito ndi udindo; zoyeserera zingapo zomwe sizinaphule kanthu kuti muchepetse kubwerezabwereza kogonana; ndinapitilizabe kuchita zogonana ngakhale panali zotsatilapo kapena kusakhutira pang'ono kapena ayi.

Njira yolephera kuwongolera mwamphamvu, chikhumbo chogonana kapena zokakamiza ndikuchita zakubwereza zimawonekera nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo), ndipo zimayambitsa kuvutika kwakukulu kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu muwemwini, banja, pagulu, maphunziro, pantchito, kapena mbali zina zofunikira zogwira ntchito. Mavuto omwe akukhudzana kwathunthu ndi malingaliro komanso kusagwirizana pazakukakamiza, zogonana, kapena machitidwe sizokwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Kodi mukuona chilichonse chokhudza kusayang'ana zolaula? Bwanji nanga potsutsa kumangoyendayenda maulendo opitilira chiwerewere? Kodi pali khalidwe lina lililonse la kugonana losasankhidwa? Inde sichoncho. Nyuzipepala ya Prause / Klein / Kohut imatchula palibe kuyankhulana kwa WHO, ndipo imatchula woimira W WHO kapena gulu la ogwira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ndi yongopeka chabe pofalitsidwa ndi zochepa za maphunziro a chitumbuwa omwe mwina amavomerezedwa kapena osati zomwe zimawonekera. (Zowonjezera pansipa).

Ngati muli ndi kukayikira za mtundu weniweni wa polojekiti ya Prause / Klein / Kohut, werengani mosamala Nkhani yokhudza nkhaniyi yokhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana (CSBD). Mosiyana ndi awo Slate nkhani, ino ya Julayi 27, 2018 mu "SELF”Imapita molunjika ku gwero. Imagwira mawu Mneneri wa bungwe la WHO a Christian Lindmeier. Lindmeier ndi m'modzi mwa olankhula anayi a WHO omwe atchulidwa patsamba lino: Othandizira olankhulana ku likulu la WHO - ndipo wothandizira yekha amene ali ndi ndemanga za CSBD! The SELF Shane Kraus, yemwe anali pakati pa ICD-11's Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) ogwira ntchito. Zolemba za Lindmeir zikufotokozera momveka bwino kuti WHO sankakana "kugonana":

Ponena za CSBD, mfundo yaikulu kwambiri yothetsa mikangano ndi yakuti kapena ayi vutoli liyenera kugawidwa ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "Pali zotsutsana za sayansi zokhudzana ndi kugonana," kapena "ayi". "WHO sagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti chizoloŵezi chogonana chifukwa sitingatenge ngati ndi physiologically mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena ayi."

Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut amanenera molakwika chidutswa chawo chimodzi chokhacho chotchedwa "umboni"

M'ndime yotsatirayi Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut asocheretsa owerenga za "chizolowezi" m'mabuku azachipatala ndikunama za "umboni" wawo umodzi wokha wokhudzana ndi zolaula umachotsedwa pakuwunika kwa ICD-11 CSBD:

Timazoloŵeranso mantha pamene atolankhani amadziwa kuti "zolaula" sizidziwika ndi buku lililonse ladzikoli kapena lachidziwitso. Ndi kutuluka kwa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wamatenda (version 11) mu June, Bungwe la World Health Organization linaganiziranso kuti asadzazindikire kugonana kwa mafilimu ngati matenda. "Kuwonera zolaula" kunkawoneka kuti akulowetsedwa mu "ntchito yovuta ya intaneti," koma WHO inaganiza motsutsana ndi kulowetsedwa kwake chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni wopezeka pa matendawa. ("Mogwirizana ndi zochepa zomwe zilipo panopa, zikhoza kuoneka kuti zisanafike nthawiyi kuzilemba izo mu ICD-11," bungwe linalemba.) Common American standard, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, anapanga chisankho chimodzimodzi mu malemba awo atsopano komanso ; Palibe ndondomeko yowononga zolaula ku DSM-5.

Choyamba, ngakhale ICD-11 ngakhalenso DSA-5 ya APA sigwiritsidwe ntchito liwu loti "chizolowezi" pofotokoza zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito - kaya ndizotheka kutchova juga, chizolowezi cha heroin, kusuta fodya, kapena mumatchula dzina. Mabuku onsewa azidziwitso amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chisokonezo" m'malo mwa "kuzolowera" (kutanthauza "vuto la kutchova juga," "chikumbumtima chogwiritsa ntchito chikumbumtima," ndi zina). Chifukwa chake, "kugonana osokoneza"Komanso" zolaula kuledzera " sakanakhoza kukanidwa, chifukwa iwo anali asanamangidwe konse m'mabukhu akuluakulu opatsirana. Mwachidule, sipadzakhalanso "zolaula" zotengera matenda, monga momwe sipadzakhalanso "mankhwala osokoneza bongo". Komabe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi "zolaula" kapena "methamphetamine" akhoza kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-11 zofunikira.

Chachiwiri, ulalo wa olembawo umapita ku pepala la 2014 lolembedwa ndi a Jon Grant, Kusokoneza kusokoneza maganizo ndi "zizoloŵezi za khalidwe" mu ICD-11 (2014). Ndisanawulule kuti a Nicole Prause akhala akugwiritsa ntchito molakwika pepala lakale la Jon Grant, nazi mfundo zosatsimikizika:

(1) Pepala la Jon Grant lapitirira zaka 4. Ndipotu, 39 ya maphunziro a 45 m'maganizo a CSB zomwe zili patsamba lino adafalitsidwa kuyambira pepala la 2014 Jon Grant.

(2) Ndi masenti awiri a Grant, osati pepala lovomerezeka ndi World Health Organisation kapena gulu logwira ntchito la CSBD.

(3) Chofunika koposa, palibe papepala lomwe likunena kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchoka ku CSBD. Ndipotu, Grant akunena zosiyana: zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito intaneti is mawonekedwe a CSB! Mawu oti "zolaula" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi papepala ndipo izi ndi zomwe Grant akunena za izi:

Mtsutso wachitatu wachinsinsi m'mundawu ndi ngati kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti movutikira ndi vuto lodziimira. Gulu logwira ntchito linanena kuti izi ndizosiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungakhale njira yoperekera njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsetsa (mwachitsanzo, masewero owonetsa masewero kapena zolaula). Chofunika kwambiri, zofotokozera za kutchova njuga ndi kusokoneza khalidwe la kugonana ayenera kuzindikira zimenezo zizoloŵezi zoterozo zikuwoneka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maofesi a intaneti, mwina kuphatikiza pa zochitika zambiri zachikhalidwe, kapena pokhapokha 22, 23.

Kumeneko muli nawo, Prause / Klein / Kohut mobwerezabwereza ankanena za "umboni" wokhawokha womwe angapangire Slate?).

Komabe, kufotokoza molakwika kwa pepala la Grant la 2014, ndi Pemphero, wakhala akuchitika kwa chaka chimodzi. Pemphero limapanga chithunzi chotsatira, chomwe chadutsa pozungulira ma pro-zolaula omwe amafalitsa zolaula. Ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa cha gawo la Jon Grant lomwe ndalongosola pamwambapa. Powerengera pazomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha Twitter kupitilira apo, ofalitsa nkhani akuyembekeza kuti muwerenge zokhazo zomwe zili m'mabokosi ofiira, akuyembekeza kuti musanyalanyaze ndimeyo kwenikweni limati:

Klein

Ngati munagwa chifukwa cha chinyengo cha bokosi lofiira, mumasemphana ndondomeko yapamwambayi monga:

... zolaula zikuwona ... zokayikitsa ngati pali umboni wa sayansi wokwanira pa nthawi ino kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kuti zikhale ngati matenda. Malinga ndi deta yamakono yamakono, ziwoneke msanga kuziyika mu ICD-11.

Tsopano werengani lonse ndime, ndipo mudzawona kuti Jon Grant akukamba za "Vuto lamasewera pa intaneti," osati zolaula. Perekani kuti zikanakhala zomveka ngati pali umboni wa sayansi wokwanira panthawi imeneyo kutetezera kuphatikizidwa kwa Internet Gaming Disorder ngati vuto. (Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zaka 4 pambuyo pake Matenda a masewera is mu ICD-11 ndipo chithandizo cha sayansi kwa icho ndi chachikulu.)

Mtsutso wachitatu wachinsinsi m'mundawu ndi ngati kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti movutikira ndi vuto lodziimira. Gulu logwira ntchito linanena kuti izi ndizosiyana kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungakhale njira yoperekera njira zosiyanasiyana zoletsa kusokoneza (mwachitsanzo, masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kusewera zolaula). Chofunika kwambiri, kufotokozera za kutchova njuga ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kumazindikira kuti makhalidwe oterewa akuwonekera kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maofesi a pa intaneti, kuphatikizapo machitidwe ena achikhalidwe, kapena 22,23.

DSM-5 yaphatikizapo Matenda a pa Intaneti pamutu wakuti "Zophunzirira zopitilira". Ngakhale kuti kungakhale khalidwe lofunika kumvetsetsa, ndipo ndithudi liri ndi mbiri yapamwamba m'mayiko ena 12, ndizosamvetseka ngati pali umboni wa sayansi wokwanira pa nthawi ino kuti ukhale wolondola kuphatikiza kwake monga matenda. Malinga ndi deta yamakono yamakono, ziwoneke msanga kuziyika mu ICD-11.

Popanda kuwerenga okha malo ofiira, zomwe zili pamwambazi zimasonyeza kuti Jon Grant amakhulupirira kuti kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti mungathe khalani osokoneza bongo omwe angagwe pansi pa ambulera yodziwika ndi "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" (CSBD). Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chinyengo cha "malo ofiira" omwe adatumizidwa ndi otsutsa.

Kodi Jon Grant akunena chiyani zaka 4? Grant anali mlembi wothandizira pa pepala ili la 2018 kulengeza (ndi kuvomereza ndi) kulowetsedwa kwa CSBD mu ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera: Kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe la kugonana mu ICD-11. Munkhani yachiwiri ya 2018, "Mchitidwe wogonana mwachangu: Njira yopanda chilango, ”Grant akuti Compulsive Sexual Behaeve amatchedwanso" chizolowezi chogonana "kapena" chiwerewere "(zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito m'mabuku owunikiridwa ndi anzawo ngati mawu ofanana ndi machitidwe aliwonse okakamiza kugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula):

Khalidwe lochita zachiwerewere (CSB), amatchedwanso kugonana kapena kugonana, amadziwika ndi kubwerezabwereza ndi kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana, zolimbikitsa, ndi makhalidwe omwe akumuvutitsa munthuyo kapena / kapena chifukwa cha kufooketsa maganizo.

Palibe zodabwitsa otsatsa malonda monga Prause akufika kumbuyo kwa 4 zaka kuti awononge mapepala a Jon Grant. Pepala laposachedwa la Grant la 2018 likuti mu chiganizo choyamba kuti CSB imatchedwanso kuti chizolowezi chogonana kapena chiwerewere!

Kuti mupeze mbiri yeniyeni ya ICD-11, onani nkhani yatsopanoyi ndi Sosaiti Yopititsa patsogolo Kugonana Kwabwino (SASH): "Kuchita Zogonana Mwakugonjetsa" kwasankhidwa ndi World Health Organization monga Mental Health Disorder. Iyamba ndi:

Ngakhale mphekesera zochepa zabodza zotsutsana ndi izi, sizowona kuti WHO yakana "zolaula" kapena "chizolowezi chogonana". Khalidwe lokakamiza lakhala likutchulidwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana pazaka zambiri: "chiwerewere", "chizolowezi cholaula", "chizolowezi chogonana", "machitidwe ogonana osalamulirika" ndi zina zotero. M'ndandanda waposachedwa kwambiri wamatenda a WHO amatenga njira yololeza matendawa povomereza "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" (CSBD) ngati matenda amisala. Malinga ndi katswiri wa WHO a Geoffrey Reed, matenda atsopanowa a CSBD "amalola anthu kudziwa kuti ali" ndi thanzi labwino "ndipo atha kupita kuchipatala."

GAWO 2: Kuwonetsa zifukwa zabodza, zonenedwa zonama, maphunziro a chitumbuwa, ndi zolakwika zodabwitsa

Nkhani yotsalira ya Prause / Klein / Kohut imapangitsa kuti owerenga awerenge kuti zolaula ndi nthano komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sikungabweretse mavuto. Kuonjezera apo, amatanthawuza kuti "zolaula" zokhazokha zimatha kunena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kungabweretse zotsatira zoipa. M'chigawo chino timapereka ndondomeko yoyenera ya Prause / Klein / Kohut yomwe ikutsatiridwa ndi kufufuza zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa komanso zowonjezera zomwe zatchulidwa kuti zithandizire. Ngati kuli koyenera ife timapereka maphunziro omwe amatsutsana ndi zomwe akunena.

Chitsanzo cha zomwe zidasungidwa m'nkhaniyi:

Tisanalankhule chilichonse mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu za nkhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti tidziwitse zomwe Prause / Klein / Kohut adasankha kusiya maginito opus awo. Mndandanda wamaphunziro uli ndi zolemba zofunikira komanso maulalo pamapepala oyambilira.

  1. Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 55 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, matenda opatsirana pogonana, mahomoni). Amapereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene zofukufuku zawo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo.
  2. Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 32 zaposachedwa & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  3. Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
  4. Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
  5. Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumagwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kukhutira ndi chibwenzi. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.
  6. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
  7. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe? Onani maphunziro aumwini - Phunziro la 40 limagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana - kapena chidule cha mndandanda wa 2016: Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015. Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga zofufuza zoyenera za zotsatira zoyezetsa zolaula. Cholinga chake chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'mabuku a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Zonse za 109 zolemba zomwe zili ndi maphunziro a 135 zinayankhidwa. Zomwe anapezazi zinapereka umboni wosatsutsika wakuti ma laboratory komanso maulendo onse, zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira thupi, kudzikonda kwambiri, kuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi zikhulupiliro za kugonana komanso zikhulupiliro zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso Kulekerera kwambiri chiwawa chogonana kwa amayi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera mwachidziwitso ku zinthu izi kumapangitsa amayi ndi abambo kukhala ndi lingaliro lochepa la luso la amai, chikhalidwe, ndi umunthu.

"Koma kodi zolaula sizigwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chogwirira kugwiriridwa?" Ayi, zaka zambiri zapitazo chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chawonjezeka: "Kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezeka, choncho samanyalanyaza zofalitsa zowonongeka. ”Zambiri, onani Kubwereketsa realyourbrainonporn (zolaularesearch.com) "Gawo laogonana Achinyamata": leni momwe kafukufuku amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso zachiwerewere, kukakamiza & chiwawa.

  1. Nanga bwanji za chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula? Kufufuza kwina: Kuwunikira kwa Meta of Kudziwitsa za Zolaula ndi Zochita Zomwe Zimachitika muzochita Zakugonana mu General Population Study (2015). Chidule:

Maphunziro a 22 ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana a 7 adasanthuledwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwawa cha kugonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyana siyana. Mabungwe anali amphamvu kwambiri pa mawu kuposa kugonana kwachiwerewere, ngakhale onse awiri anali ofunika. Zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti zachiwawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.

"Koma kodi zolaula sizigwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chogwirira kugwiriridwa?" Ayi, zaka zambiri zapitazo chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chawonjezeka: "Kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezeka, choncho samanyalanyaza zofalitsa zowonongeka. ” Onani tsamba ili Kufufuza kwa 100 komwe kumalumikiza zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza, kukakamiza & chiwawa komanso chitsutso chambiri chofotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kwatsitsa mitengo yachiwawa.

  1. Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi achinyamata? Onani mndandanda wa pa maphunziro a achinyamata a 280, kapena ndemanga izi zazinthu: ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15. Kuyambira pamapeto a 2012 kafukufuku wa kafukufuku - Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kupenda kafukufuku:

Kuwonjezeka kwa intaneti kwa achinyamata kumapanga mwayi wapadera wa maphunziro a kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zoopsa zomwe zimachitika m'mabukuzi zachititsa akatswiri kufufuza achinyamata kuti aziona zolaula pa Intaneti kuti athetse ubale umenewu. Pamodzi, maphunzirowa akusonyeza wachinyamata amene amaonera zolaula atha kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro zosagwirizana ndi kugonana. Mwa zomwe zapezazi, kuchuluka kwakusaloleza zakugonana, kutengeka ndi zachiwerewere, komanso zoyeserera zakugonana koyambirira zakhala zikugwirizana ndi zolaula zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi…. Komabe, zopeza zosasintha zalumikizana ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata zomwe zikuwonetsera zachiwawa ndi milingo yowonjezereka ya mchitidwe wogonana.

Zolemba zimasonyezanso ubale wina pakati pa achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Atsikana akuti amadziona kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi azimayi omwe amawaona pazolaula, pomwe anyamata amawopa kuti mwina sangakhale ovutitsidwa kapena otha kuchita ngati abambo pazosezi. Achinyamata amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepa pamene kudzidalira kwawo komanso chitukuko cha anthu zikuchulukirachulukira. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka omwe amapezeka pa intaneti, ali ndi magawo ocheperako ogwirizanitsidwa ndi anzawo, amawonjezeka pamavuto azikhalidwe, machitidwe apamwamba onyenga, kuchuluka kwa zisonyezo zokhumudwitsa, ndikuchepetsa mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi omwe akuwasamalira.

Pembedzero, Ley ndi Klein sananene molakwika momwe kafukufuku waposachedwapa wazaka zingapo zapitazi. Tsopano, adasungitsa bwino maphunziro onse akutali, osankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa omwe amatchula kawirikawiri m'nkhaniyi. Tikuulula chowonadi pansipa. Malembedwe oyenera a Prause / Klein / Kohut omwe atchulidwa pano ndi ofanana ndendende munkhaniyi.

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EXCERPT #1: Bweretsani pambuyo panga: "DSM-5 kapena ICD-11 sazindikira kuvuta kulikonse, koma zovuta zokha"

SLATE KUCHITA: "Timazolanso kumva kuti atolankhani akamva kuti" zolaula "sizimavomerezedwa ndi buku lililonse ladziko lonse kapena mayiko ena."

Ndikuyesera kupusitsa owerenga, koma, kachiwiri, ngakhale ICD-11 kapena APA's DSM-5 sagwiritsapo ntchito liwu loti "chizolowezi" pofotokoza za chizolowezi - kaya kutchova juga, chizolowezi cha heroin, kusuta ndudu kapena mumangotchula. Mabuku awiri ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chisokonezo" m'malo mwa "chizolowezi" (mwachitsanzo, "vuto la kutchova juga" "vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga", ndi zina zambiri). Chotero, “kugonana osokoneza"Komanso" zolaula kuledzera " sakanakhoza kukanidwa, chifukwa iwo anali asanamangidwe konse m'mabuku akuluakulu azidziwitso. Mwachidule, sipadzakhalanso matenda okhudzana ndi "zolaula", monganso momwe sipadzakhalanso matenda a "meth bongo". Komabe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zosagwirizana ndi "zolaula" kapena "methamphetamine bongo" amatha kupezeka kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ICD-11 imapereka.

Pozindikira zizoloŵezi zamakhalidwe ndi kupanga chithandizo cha ambulera zizoloŵezi zakugonana, World Health Organization ikuyendera mogwirizana ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Mu August, akatswiri opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo a 2011 America ku ASAM adawamasula kufotokoza kwakukulu kwa kusokoneza bongo. Kuchokera ku ASAM:

Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kudabwera chifukwa cha ntchito yayikulu, yazaka zinayi yokhala ndi akatswiri opitilira 80 akugwira ntchito molimbika, kuphatikiza oyang'anira osokoneza bongo, asing'anga azachipatala komanso ofufuza otsogola mdziko lonselo. … Patadutsa zaka makumi awiri kupita patsogolo m'maganizo a sayansi kunatsimikizira ASAM kuti kusuta kumayenera kufotokozedwanso ndi zomwe zimachitika muubongo.

An Wowankhulana ndi ASAM anafotokoza:

Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kukusiya mosakayikira kuti zizolowezi zonse-kaya ndi mowa, heroin kapena kugonana, amati-ndizofanana. Dr Raju Haleja, Purezidenti wakale wa Canadian Society for Addiction Medicine komanso wapampando wa komiti ya ASAM yomwe idapanga tanthauzo latsopanoli, adauza The Fix, "Tikuyang'ana kuzolowera ngati matenda amodzi, mosiyana ndi omwe amawawona kuti ndi osiyana matenda. Kuledzera ndikoledzera. Zilibe kanthu kuti ubongo wanu ukugundana ndi njira yotani, ukasintha, umakhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zonse. ” … Kugonana kapena kutchova juga kapena kuledzera [ndizomwe] ndizovomerezeka kuchipatala monga kumwa mowa kapena heroin kapena crystal meth.

Pazifukwa zonse, tanthauzo la 2011 limathetsa mkangano wokhudza ngati kugonana ndi zolaula "zowonongeka kwenikweni. ” ASAM idafotokoza momveka bwino Zizolowezi za kugonana zilipo ndipo ziyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi ubongo womwewo umasintha zomwe zimapezeka mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kuchokera ku ASAM FAQs:

FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthauza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi chiwerewere. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?

YANKHO Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa ASAM kumapangitsa kuti munthu asafanane zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi kungodalira mankhwala, pofotokozera momwe kusuta kumakhudzananso ndi machitidwe omwe amapindulitsa. … Kutanthauzira uku kumanena kuti kuledzera ndikumagwira ntchito komanso kuzungulira kwa ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ka ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo amasiyanirana ndi kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa. … Chakudya ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere ndikutchova njuga zikhalidwe zingathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi "kufunafuna malipiro" omwe akufotokozedwa mu ndondomekoyi yatsopano.

Ponena za DSM, American Psychiatric Association (APA) yakhala ikuyendetsa mapazi kuphatikizapo makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana. Pamene idasinthira bukuli mu 2013 (DSM-5), sizinaganizirepo za "zolaula za intaneti," m'malo momangokhalira kukambirana za "matenda opatsirana pogonana." Maambulera omaliza omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azigonana amatsutsika kuti adzilowetsedwe ndi DSM-5's Sexuality Work Group pambuyo pa zaka zowerengera. Komabe, mu ola limodzi la khumi ndi chimodzi "chipinda cham'nyumba" gawo (molingana ndi membala wa Work Group), akuluakulu ena a DSM-5 anakana kugonana kwachiyanjano, kutchula zifukwa zomwe zafotokozedwa ngati zopanda pake.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa udindo umenewu, DSM-5 inanyalanyaza umboni wovomerezeka, mauthenga ofala a zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe omwe akugwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi kuledzera kwa odwala ndi madokotala awo, komanso ndondomeko ya zikwi zambiri za akatswiri azachipatala ndi kafukufuku ku American Society of Addiction Mankhwala.

Momwemonso, DSM yapeza otsutsa osiyana omwe amatsutsa njira yake yonyalanyaza ziphunzitso zenizeni ndi zachipatala kuti zitha kuwonetsa zizindikiro zake zokha. Otsatirawa amalola zolakwika, zosankha zandale zomwe zimatsutsa zoona. Mwachitsanzo, DSM kamodzi mwachindunji inasankha kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga matenda a maganizo.

Zisanayambe kusindikizidwa kwa DSM-5 ku 2013, Thomas Insel, ndiye Mtsogoleri wa National Institute of Mental Health, adachenjeza kuti inali nthawi yoti munda wa matenda a maganizo uleke kudalira DSM. Ake "Kufooka ndiko kusowa kwake kweniyeni, "Adatero," ndi "sitingapambane ngati tigwiritsa ntchito magulu a DSM ngati "mulingo wagolide.Ananenanso, "Ndicho chifukwa chake NIMH idzayambiranso kufufuza kwake kutali ndi DSMs. ” Mwanjira ina, NIMH iyimitsa ndalama zofufuzira kutengera zolemba za DSM (komanso kupezeka kwawo).

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona zomwe zikuchitika ndi ndondomeko yotsatira ya DSM. (Zindikirani: DSM-5 adayambitsa chikhalidwe choledzera)

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EXCERPT #2: Misozi ya nyanga

SLATE KUCHITA: Asayansi ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amasonyeza kuti akutsutsana ndi zochitika zowopsya-ndipo timadziona kuti tili pakati pa gululo-tikutsutsidwa kwambiri ndi ndale ndi ndale pa kafukufuku wawo. Zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha mfundoyi kuti iziperekedwe kwa anthu.

Olembawa akuwombera nsalu zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula "zimatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi zandale komanso zandale zafukufuku wawo" ndipo zingakhale "zovuta kuti izi zidziwike kwa anthu." Osati choncho. Ndipotu, olankhula zolaula amalimbikitsa kwambiri akuyimiridwa m'makina osindikizira, ndipo achita zambiri, nthawi zambiri pamasewero, kuti athetse umboni wosatsutsika wa zolaula zolaula m'mabuku onse otchuka ndi ophunzira. (zitsanzo)

Chotsatira, olemba awa sapereka umboni wa zovuta zawo zandale ndi za ndale. Ziŵerengero zochepa zidzatithandiza kuwulula zinthu zenizeni.

A Kusaka kwa Google kwa "Nicole Prause" + zolaula imabweza zotsatira 16,600 pazaka zochepa chabe. Pempho lazamagetsi lazamagetsi limaphatikizaponso mawu ake owonetsa zolaula / zotsutsana ndi zolaula m'malo ena otchuka kwambiri, kuphatikiza Slate, Daily Beast, Atlantic, Rolling Stone, CNN, NPR, Wachiwiri, The Sunday Times, ndi malo ang'onoang'ono osawerengeka. Zachidziwikire kuti Prause amapeza zomwe amalipira kuchokera kukampani yake yolumikizana ndi anthu. Onani https://web.archive.org/web/20221006103520/http://media2x3.com/category/nikky-prause/

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mnzake wapamtima wa a Prause a David Ley amalandila mofananamo, atolankhani owolowa manja. A Kusaka kwa Google kwa "David Ley" + zolaula amabwezera zotsatira za 18,000 - makamaka chifukwa adalemba buku lolembedwa Nthano ya Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (osaphunzirapo mowa mozama). A Kusaka kwa Google kwa "Marty Klein" + zolaula amabwezera zotsatira za 41,500 kwa zaka zambiri.

Sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala ndi maganizo a olemba awa a 3, komanso zimatenga mbiri ya okhulululirawa pamtengo wapatali - popanda kufunafuna maganizo otsutsa a akatswiri akuluakulu omwe asindikiza maphunziro ambiri a zamaganizo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akuwonetsa umboni wa zolaula zotsatira. Ena mwa iwo ndi Marc Potenza, Matthias Brand, Valerie Voon, Christian Laier, Simone Kühn, Jürgen Gallinat, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken, Ji-Woo Seok, Jin-Hun Sohn, Mateusz Gola ndi ena.

Pano pali chitsanzo chofanizira. A Kusaka kwa Google kwa "Matthias Brand" + zolaula zimabweretsa zotsatira 2,200 zokha. Kusiyana pakati pakuphunzira kwa Brand wakudziwika bwino wamaphunziro ndi osakhala ophunzira Pruse, Ley ndi Klein ndikuwululira. Brand adalemba Zotsatira za 340, ndi mkulu wa Dipatimenti ya Psychology: Cognition, ku yunivesite ya Duisburg-Essen, ndipo wasindikiza maphunziro ambiri okhudza ubongo okhudza zolaula kuposa wofufuza wina aliyense padziko lapansi. (Onani mndandanda wa maphunziro ake okhudzana ndi zolaula apa: Maphunziro a 20 ndi mauthenga a 4 a mabukuwa.)

Mwachiwonekere, ndio akatswiri ofufuza maphunziro omwe amatsutsidwa m'nyuzipepala. Chifukwa chake, owerenga amalangizidwa kutenga zolemba za olemba zolaula zokhudzana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo pofalitsa malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi zolaula ndi kukayikira. Olemba nkhani ayenera kuchita zambiri, mochepa kunyozeka Kulimbikira mwakhama m'munda woswekawu, womwe unang'ambika.

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EXCERPT #3: Cholemba cha blog Playboy wolemba ndizo zonse zomwe muli nazo?

SLATE KUCHITA: Amauzidwa kuti pali mliri wa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amawoneka mwa anyamata komanso kuti zolaula ndizo chifukwa (ngakhale umboni weniweni umasonyeza kuti palibe).

Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut amayesetsanso kuti asasokoneze bwino chitsimikizo chokwera chachinyamata chosagwirizana ndi erectile. April, post ya blog ya 2018 ndi Justin Lehmiller, yemwe amapereka ndalama zowonjezera nthawi zonse Makanema a Playboy. Sitiyenera kudabwa ndi wina kuti Lehmiller ndi mnzake wapamtima wa Pembedzero, atamuikapo zolemba zake khumi zosachepera. Izi ndi zina zambiri za Lehmiller blogs zimapititsa patsogolo nkhani zabodza zomwezo: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikumabweretsa mavuto komanso zolaula / zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula kulibe. Tisanayankhe dzanja la Lehmiller pankhani yokhudzana ndi zolaula, tiyeni tiwone umboni.

Mbiri ya ED ED: Kulephera kwa Erectile kunayesedwa koyamba mu 1940s pamene Nkhani ya Kinsey inatha kuti kufalikira kwa ED kunali zosakwana 1% mwa amuna aang'ono kuposa zaka 30, zosakwana 3% mu 30-45. Pamene maphunziro a ED omwe ali anyamata ndi ochepa, awa 2002 Kusanthula meta ya 6 yopambana kwambiri ED maphunziro adanena kuti 5 ya 6 inalengeza ED mitengo ya amuna pansi pa 40 pafupifupi 2%. The 6th Kufufuza kunabwereza ziwerengero za 7-9%, koma funso limene linagwiritsidwa ntchito silingathe kufanana ndi maphunziro ena a 5, ndipo sanayese osatha Kusokonekera kwa erectile: "Kodi muli ndi vuto lokhazikika kapena kukhala ndi erection? nthawi iliyonse chaka chatha? "(Komabe phunziro ili losasangalatsa ndilo limene Lehmiller akugwiritsa ntchito mosaganizira poyerekezera.)

Kumapeto kwa 2006 kwaulere, kusonkhanitsa mavidiyo owonetserako zolaula kunayambira pafupipafupi ndipo kunayamba kutchuka. Izi anasintha mtundu wa zolaula mowa kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, owona akhoza kuwonjezeka mosavuta patsiku la maliseche popanda kudikirira.

Maphunziro asanu ndi atatu kuyambira 2010: Maphunziro khumi anafalitsidwa kuyambira pamene 2010 imasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa erectile dysfunctions. Izi ndizo Zinalembedwa m'nkhaniyi komanso pamapepala owonetsedwa ndi anzako a madokotala a 7 US Navy - Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Malipoti a Clinic (2016). Mu maphunziro a 10, machitidwe osokonekera a erectile a amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40 adachokera ku 14% mpaka 37%, pamene mitengo ya low libido inachokera ku 16% mpaka 37%. Zina kusiyana ndi kubwera kwa zolaula (2006) zosagwirizana zokhudzana ndi achinyamata a ED zasintha kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi za 10-20 (kusuta fodya kuli pansi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepa kwa amuna amuna 20-40 ndi 4% kuchokera 1999 - onani phunziro ili).

Zotsatira zam'tsogolo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimagwirizana ndi kufalitsa pafupifupi maphunziro a 40 omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "zolaula" pazovuta za kugonana ndikuchepetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kugonana. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mundandanda wawonetsera zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana (chifukwa chachilendo china Slate Nkhani sizinatchulepo zina mwa maphunzirowa a 30). Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa, Tsamba ili lili ndi nkhani ndi mavidiyo ndi akatswiri a 140 (urology aphunzitsi, a urologists, a mafupa a maganizo, a psychologists, a sexologists, a MDs) omwe amavomereza ndipo achita bwino kupembedza zolaula-anachititsa ED ndi zolaula-zomwe zinachititsa kuti asayambe kugonana.

Dzanja lamanja la Lehmiller: Lehmiller anasankha mosamalitsa maphunziro awiri osalongosoka, ndi deta yolekanitsidwa ndi zaka 18, pofuna kuyesa wowerenga kuti ED akuwonetsa akhala akuzungulira 8% kwa amuna pansi pa 40:

1) "Njira za njira zinali phunziro" kuchokera ku 1992 ndi amene anafunsa kuti: "Kodi muli ndi vuto lokhazikika kapena kukhala ndi erection? anthawi yam chaka chatha? "Mayankho a inde ku funso ili anali pakati pa 7-9%.

2) "Maphunziro a masiku ano" ndi data 2010-12 amene anafunsa ngati Amuna anali ndi vuto lopeza kapena kusunga erection nthawi ya miyezi itatu kapena yoposa chaka chatha. ” Kafukufukuyu adanenanso zotsatirazi pamavuto azogonana amuna azaka 16-21:

  • Kusakhudzidwa ndi kugonana: 10.5%
  • Zovuta kufika pachimake: 8.3%
  • Kuvuta kukwaniritsa kapena kusunga erection: 7.8%

Lehmiller "adafotokozera mwachidule" izi zomwe adapeza kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la masomphenya poyesa kuwasokeretsa:

"Ngakhale kuti nkhanizi zidasonkhanitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana akumadzulo ndipo mayankho amafunsidwe anali osiyana, zikuwonetsa kuti ziwerengerozi zikufanana potengera kuti zatchulidwazi zidasiyana zaka 20. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mwina kuchuluka kwa ED sikukukwera kumene mwa anyamata. ”

Pepani Justin, koma mafunso sali "otchulidwa mosiyana"; ndi mafunso osiyana kotheratu. Kafukufuku wa 1992 adafunsa ngati pa chaka chatha nthawi iliyonse yomwe munalephera kuimvetsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo mukadamwa, kudwala, kungozunguliridwa katatu motsatana, nkhawa yantchito, chilichonse. Ndikudabwa kuti ndi 7-9% yokha. Mosiyana ndi izi, kafukufuku wa 2010 adafunsa ngati muli ndi vuto losalekeza za erectile malingaliro kwa nthawi ya miyezi itatu kapena kuposerapo: izi zinali za zaka za 16-21, osati amuna 39 ndi pansi!

Monga ananenera munthu wina wothandizira anthu odwala matendawa, “kusanthula kwasayansi” kwa Justin Lehmiller sikunasinthidwe kwenikweni ngati utolankhani.

Koma mungafunse kuti: Chifukwa chiyani ma ED ED okhudzana ndi 8% mu phunziro la 2010-2012, komabe 14-37% mu maphunziro ena a 9 adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2010?

  1. Choyamba, 8% si otsika, monga momwe zingatanthauzire kuwonjezeka kwa 600% -800% kwa amuna pansi pa 40.
  2. Chachiwiri, sanali amuna pansi pa 40 - anali 16 kwa zaka za 21, choncho pafupifupi palibe a iwo ayenera kukhala ndi ED osatha. Mu 1940s, a Nkhani ya Kinsey inatha kuti kufalikira kwa ED kunali zosakwana 1% mwa amuna aang'ono kuposa zaka 30.
  3. Chachitatu, mosiyana ndi maphunziro ena 9 omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wosadziwika, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito zoyankhulana kunyumba. (Ndizotheka kuti achinyamata sangakhale odziwika bwino pamikhalidwe yotere.)
  4. Phunzirolo linasonkhanitsa deta yake pakati pa August, 2010 ndi September, 2012. Zofukufuku zomwe zikufotokoza kukula kwakukulu kwa pansi pa 25 ED poyamba zinapezeka mu 2011. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa 25 ndi pansi pa gulu la anthu amanenera mitengo yoposa (onani izi Kafukufuku wa 2014 pa achinyamata a ku Canada).
  5. Maphunziro ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito IIEF-5 kapena IIEF-6, yomwe imayesa mavuto a kugonana pamlingo wosiyana, kusiyana ndi wophweka inde or ayi (m'miyezi itatu yapitayi) omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito papepala losankhidwa ndi Lehmiller.

Maphunziro awiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwewo: 2001 vs. 2011: Musanachoke pamutu uwu, ndibwino kuyang'ana kafukufuku wosatsutsika omwe amasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ED kwa zaka 10 pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zazikulu (zomwe zikuwonjezeka kukhulupilika). Amuna onsewa anayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito funso lomwelo (inde / ayi) ponena za ED, monga mbali ya Global Study of Sexual Attitude and Conduct (GSSAB), Amuna a 13,618 akugonana m'mayiko a 29. Izi zinachitika mu 2001-2002.

Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, mu 2011, funso lomweli la "zovuta zakugonana" (inde / ayi) lochokera ku GSSAB lidaperekedwa Amuna a 2,737 akugonana ku Croatia, Norway ndi Portugal. Gulu loyamba, mu 2001-2002, linali wazaka 40-80. Gulu lachiwiri, mu 2011, linali 40 ndi pansi.

Malingana ndi zomwe anapeza pa maphunziro apitalo, wina anganeneratu kuti akuluwo adzakhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri ED kusiyana ndi anyamata achichepere, omwe mawerengero awo ayenera kukhala opanda pake. Osati choncho. Zaka khumi zokha, zinthu zinali zitasintha kwambiri. The 2001-2002 ED mitengo ya amuna 40-80 inali pafupi 13% ku Ulaya. Ndi 2011, ED madera a ku Ulaya, zaka za 18-40, kuyambira 14-28%!

Nchiyani chomwe chidasintha mchigololo cha abambo munthawi imeneyi? Zosintha zazikulu ndikulowa pa intaneti komanso makanema olaula (kutsatira kutsata zolaula mu 2006, kenako mafoni omwe angawonere). Pakafukufuku wa 2011 pa ma Croatia, Norwegians ndi Portuguese, Apwitikizi adali ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri ya ED ndipo anthu aku Norwegiya anali okwera kwambiri. Mu 2013, malonda a intaneti ku Portugal ndi 67% yokha, poyerekeza ndi 95% ku Norway.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira wolemba Chithunzi cha Nicole ali maubale oyandikana ndi zolaula ndipo wamangika chifukwa cha PIED yolemetsa, atapumira a Nkhondo ya zaka 3 pa pepala ili la maphunziro, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amazunza komanso kupusitsa anyamata omwe achira ku zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Onani zolemba: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Mpingo wa Nowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10, Alex Rhodes # 11, Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes pamodzi # 12, Alexander Rhodes # 13, Alexander Rhodes #14, Gabe Deem # 4, Alexander Rhodes #15.

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EXCERPT #4: Nanga bwanji ngati meme ikuthandizidwa mokwanira ndi mabuku owonetsedwa ndi anzawo?

SLATE KUCHITA: Anthu amauzidwa kuti zolaula ndizoopsa kwa mabanja ndipo kuti kuziwona zidzasokoneza chilakolako chanu chogonana.

Ngati anthu akuuzidwa izi, mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti phunziro lililonse la amuna limanenanso kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana. Mulimonse, zopitilira 75 zimalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pazosakwanira kugonana komanso kukondana. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa kusanthula kwa meta kwamaphunziro ena osiyanasiyana Zithunzi zolaula Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwanitsa: Meta-Analysis (2017):

Komabe, Kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutira pazomwe zimachitika pamagulu osiyanasiyana, kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuyesera. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhutira zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo sizinayendetsedwe ndi chaka chawo chomasulidwa kapena zolemba zawo.

Ponena za kuwononga chilakolako cha kugonana, Zotsatira za 37 zimagwiritsira ntchito zolaula kapena zolaula zolimbana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepetsa kugonana. Monga zitsanzo timapereka 5 za maphunziro a 37 pansipa:

1) Dual Control Model - Udindo Wogonana & Kukondweretsa Pazakugonana Ndi Khalidwe (2007) - Ichi chinali phunziro loyamba pa zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana (ndi Kinsey Institute). Poyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zakanema zomwe "zidagwira" m'mbuyomu, 50% ya anyamatawa tsopano sakanatha kudzutsidwa kapena kukwaniritsa zosankha ndi zolaula (zaka zapakati ndi 29). Akatswiri ofufuza anapeza kuti vuto la erectile la amuna linali,

zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe anali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka muzipinda ndi malo osambira kumene zithunzi zolaula zinali "kulikonse” ndi “kupitilira kusewera.”Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi nkhaniyi kunalimbikitsa lingaliro lathu kuti ena mwa iwo anali ndi chidwi chokwanira kufooka kwawoneka kuti zakhala zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ochepa kwambiri pa "vanilla kugonana" komanso kuti chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zachikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo kusowa kwachindunji mitundu ya zokakamiza kuti awutse.

2) Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Ogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Porn (2014) - Kafukufuku wamaubongo a Max Planck omwe adapeza ubongo wambiri wa 3 wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chosintha womwe umagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe amadya. Zinapezanso kuti zolaula zimadya ndalama zochepa pantchito yoyang'anira madera poyang'ana kuwonetsa mwachidule (.530 sekondi) zolaula za vanila. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn akukamba nkhani ya Max Planck:

“Timalingalira kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi zolaula kwambiri amafunikira kukulitsidwa kuti alandire mphotho yomweyo. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti kuonerera zolaula nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti mulandire mphoto. Zingafanane ndi malingaliro akuti mabungwe awo olipira amafunikira kukulitsidwa. ”

3) Achinyamata komanso zithunzi zolaula: nthawi yatsopano yogonana (2015) - Kafukufukuyu waku Italiya adasanthula zovuta za intaneti pa okalamba akusukulu yasekondale, yolembedwa ndi pulofesa wa urology Carlo Kunena, pulezidenti wa bungwe la Italy lotchedwa Pathophysiology. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti 16% ya anthu omwe amadya zolaula kamodzi pa sabata amavomereza chilakolako chosafuna kugonana, poyerekeza ndi 0% mwa osagwiritsa ntchito - zomwezo ndi zomwe mungathe kuziyembekezera kwa amuna akuluakulu a 18.

4) Makhalidwe Oleza Mtima Ndi Mtundu Wokhudza Kugonana kwa Ogonana: Kukambirana Kwambiri kwa Zithunzi za 115 Zokhudza Milandu Amuna (2015) - Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna (azaka zapakati pa 41.5) omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere, monga paraphilias, kuseweretsa maliseche kapena chigololo. 27 mwa amunawa adadziwika kuti ndi "oletsa kuseweretsa maliseche," kutanthauza kuti amadziseweretsa maliseche kwa ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo patsiku, kapena kupitilira maola 7 pasabata. Zotsatira: 71% ya amuna omwe amachita maliseche zolaula amawonetsa zovuta zakugonana, pomwe 33% amafotokoza kuti achedwa kuthamangitsidwa (nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku ED).

5) "Ndikuganiza kuti zakhala zolakwika m'njira zosiyanasiyana koma nthawi imodzi sindingathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito": Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimadziwika bwino zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha achinyamata a ku Australia (2017) - Kafukufuku wapaintaneti wa aku Australia, azaka 15-29. Iwo omwe adawonera zolaula (n = 856) adafunsidwa funso lotseguka: 'Kodi zolaula zakhudza bwanji moyo wanu?'

"Pakati pa omwe adayankha funsoli (n = 718), kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kunali kudzizindikiritsa ndi omwe adayankha 88. Amuna omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe anena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula movutikira kunawonetsa zotsatirapo zitatu: pakugonana, kukondweretsedwa komanso maubale.

Mutu wa gawo lino, mobwerezabwereza mu nkhaniyi, ndi Prause / Klein / Kohut kupanga mauthenga olimbitsa mtima osagwirizana ngakhale kuti akutsutsana ndi umboni wodabwitsa.

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EXCERPT #5: Phunziro lina la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito deta ndikuika zowonjezera

SLATE KUCHITA: Chodabwitsa, choyambirira choyang'ana pafupipafupi kuwonetsedwa pazithunzi zokhudzana ndi kugonana chinali chabe inangosindikizidwa ku 2017 ku Australia. Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti 84 peresenti ya amuna ndi a 54 peresenti ya amayi adayang'anapo zachiwerewere. Powonjezera, 3.69 peresenti ya amuna (144 ya 3,923) ndi a 0.65 mwa amayi (28 a 4,218) mu phunziroli amakhulupirira kuti iwo "adakonda" zolaula, ndipo theka la gululi linanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunalibe vuto miyoyo.

Ndi katswiri wofufuza zolaula Alan McKee monga mlembi wa kafukufukuyu pano sizosadabwitsa kuti mutu wankhondowo udayikidwa m'matawuni, pomwe cholembedwa chanzeru chimasiya owerenga ali ndi lingaliro loti owerengeka okha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhulupirira zolaula zikuwonongeka. McKee wakhala ndi mbiri yakale yoteteza zolaula. Adalemba kutiNkhani Yoipa" zomwe kafukufuku wa ABC ananena "pa cholinga chofuna kupepesa pempho la kugonana".

Ndipotu ABC inati: "Pulojekiti yomwe bukuli limakhazikitsidwa idalipiridwa ndi a Australia Research Council kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2004, ndipo idachitika mu mgwirizano ndi, ndi chithandizo kuchokera ku, chiwerengero chachikulu cha bungwe la kugonana la Australia, Association Eros, pamodzi ndi malonda oonera zolaula monga Gallery Entertainment ndi Axis Entertainment. "(Kutsindika kumaperekedwa)

Kotero ndi kupeza kotani komwe kunayikidwa mu kuphunzira kwa Australia? 17% ya amuna ndi akazi wazaka 16-30 adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunakhudza iwo. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti deta ili ndi zaka 6 (2012), ndipo mafunsowa amangotengera kudzidalira. Kumbukirani kuti osokoneza bongo samadziona ngati osokoneza bongo. M'malo mwake, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri pa intaneti sangathe kukhudzana ndi zolaula pokhapokha atasiya kwa nthawi yayitali. Nayi chithunzi cha Table 5 (zotsatira):

Kodi mitu yoyamba yochokera ku phunziroli idzakhala yotani ngati olemba adatsindika mfundo zawo zofunika pafupifupi 1 mwa achinyamata 5 amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kumawasokoneza"? Chifukwa chiyani adayesa kunyalanyaza izi posazinyalanyaza ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pazotsatira - osati gulu lazaka chikwi lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chazovuta zapaintaneti?

Nazi zifukwa zina zoonjezera kuti mutenge mutuwu ndi tirigu wamchere:

  1. Ichi chinali chiwerengero choyimira magawo a zaka zapakati pazaka 16-69, amuna ndi akazi. Zimatsimikizirika kuti anyamata ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti. Choncho, 25% ya amuna ndi 60% ya amayiwo sankawone zolaula kamodzi pamwezi yomaliza ya 12. Momwemo ziwerengerozi zimasonkhanitsa kuchepetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ngozi.
  2. Funso limodzi, lomwe lidafunsa ophunzira ngati agwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'miyezi yapitayi ya 12, silimatanthauza tanthauzo pakuwona zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe adakumana ndi pulogalamu yolaula amakhala pagulu ndi munthu amene amadziseweretsa maliseche katatu patsiku kuti azichita zolaula.
  3. Komabe, kafukufukuyu atafunsira kwa omwe "adawonapo zolaula" zomwe adawona zolaula m'chaka chatha, chiwerengero chachikulu chinali achinyamata gulu. 93.4% ya iwo adawonera chaka chatha, ndi zaka 20-29 omwe ali kumbuyo kwawo pa 88.6.
  4. Zambiri zidasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa Okutobala 2012 ndi Novembala 2013. Zinthu zasintha kwambiri mzaka 4 zapitazi chifukwa chololeza kwama smartphone - makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito achichepere.
  5. Mafunso adafunsidwa pakompyuta telefoni zoyankhulana. Ndi chibadwa chaumunthu kukhala omveka bwino pamafunso osadziwika bwino, makamaka akafunsidwa pazokhudza nkhani zovuta monga zolaula komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula.
  6. Mafunsowa amachokera podziona okha. Kumbukirani kuti oledzera kawirikawiri amadziona ngati oledzera. Ndipotu, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawoneka kuti sangagwirizane ndi zolaula pokhapokha atasiya nthawi yaitali.
  7. Kafukufukuyu sanagwiritse ntchito mafunso amafunso (osadziwika), zomwe zikanatha kuwunika zolaula komanso zomwe zimakhudza ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi ndi deta yotani kuchokera ku maphunziro atsopano kumene onse omvera mwachangu amawona zolaula pa intaneti kamodzi pamapeto, amati, miyezi 3-6, kapena chaka chatha?

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EXCERPT #6: Phunziro limasonyeza kuti kudzipusitsa kwafala ku Canada

SLATE KUCHITA: Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ngakhale pakati pa ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito omwe amakhulupirira kuti ali "osokoneza" zolaula, kukhululukidwa kungakhale kosavuta: kafukufuku Otsatira anthu nthawi ina adapeza kuti 100 peresenti ya amayi ndi a 95 peresenti ya amuna omwe amawaganizira za khalidwe lawo lachiwerewere (nthawi zambiri, osayesedwa kuchipatala) sanakhalenso ndi chizoloŵezi chogonana pasanathe zaka zisanu ngakhale kuti palibe zolembedwera.

Choyamba: Mosiyana ndi ndemanga, phunziro la Canada sanatero Funsani ophunzira ngati "akukhulupirira kuti ali osokoneza bongo." M'malo mwake, kamodzi pachaka (2006 mpaka 2011) omwe adatenga nawo mbali adafunsidwa "ngati kutenga nawo mbali kwambiri pamakhalidwewo kudawabweretsera mavuto m'miyezi 12 yapitayi". Makhalidwe asanu ndi limodzi anali: kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugula, kucheza pa intaneti, kusewera makanema, kudya kapena machitidwe ogonana. Slate excerpt ikunena za kuchuluka kwa omwe amatenga nawo gawo omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu mzaka 5 ZONSE.

Chachiwiri: Mosiyana ndi zovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana zidapangidwa pamodzi mu gulu limodzi - monga ICD-11 yachita ndi CSBD. Panalibe "kukhululukidwa kwa zizolowezi zolaula" popeza palibe amene adafunsidwa ngati akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi vuto loonera zolaula.

Thiratu: Mosiyana ndi zobwereza, zovuta zogonana ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe ziri zodziwika bwino kuti zambiri za libido zimakhala zokalamba. Chidule cha kuphunzira:

Deta yathu inanena kuti nthawi zambiri machitidwe omwe anali ndi vutoli anali ochepa (Table 3). M'malo mwa owerengera omwe amafunsapo za khalidwe lovuta, ambiri mwa omwe adawafotokozera amavomereza khalidwe loipa kwambiri kamodzi pa nthawi ya phunziro la 5. Ngakhale khalidwe lovuta kwambiri (khalidwe lotayirira la kugonana) linalowedwa kasanu ndi 5.4% chabe la amuna omwe adanena kuti ali ndi vuto ndi khalidweli.

Phunziroli likuwonetsanso kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto kusiyana ndi kuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto: Mwa chitsanzo chomveka chodzinyenga okha 38 mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali 4,121 adaganiza kuti ali ndi vuto ndi kudya (kuyankha 'inde' mzaka 4 pazaka 5). Mwanjira ina, zosakwana 1% a ku Canada amakhulupirira kuti kudya kwawo kumawabweretsera mavuto kapena sakusokonezeka. Zingakhale bwanji pamene 30% ya anthu achikulire a ku Canada ali ochepa, pamene ena 43% ali olemera kwambiri? Tisaiwale a 27% otsala a anthu a ku Canada amene sali olemera kwambiri, komabe akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kudya, monga anorexia nervosa kapena bulimia.

Kodi anthu oposa 99% a ku Canada angakhulupirire bwanji kuti kudya kwawo kulibe nkhawa, pamene ambiri a iwo amaoneka kuti ali ndi vuto? Ndipo kodi chidziwitsocho chimatiuza chiyani za phunziro ili? Mwinamwake sikuti anthu kawirikawiri amakhala ndi makhalidwe ovuta, kapena makhalidwe awo ovuta amatha. Mwinamwake, zikuwonetsa zomwe zimavomerezedwa: ife anthu ndife okonzeka kunama.

Kuphunzira kwa 2018 pa masewera a intaneti kumawonekera pamwambamwamba wodzidzimva. 44% ya osewera omwe adasokoneza chizoloŵezi choledzera adaganiza kuti alibe mavuto:  Kusagwirizana pakati pa kudzipangira nokha ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti achinyamata.

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EXCERPT #7: "Palibe kafukufuku m'modzi wowonedwa ndi anzawo amene amachirikiza zonena zathu, chifukwa chake ndilemba nkhani yosasanthulidwa ndi anzawo ... mu Chidatchi"

SLATE KUCHITA: Koma mafilimu okondana kwenikweni ndi oipa kwa maubwenzi? Muchitsanzo cha Dutch Dutch, kuyang'ana mafilimu pa kugonana kunali osagwirizana ndi zovuta zogonana mu ubale.

M'malo angapo Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kutsimikizira owerenga kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungakhudze ubale wapamtima. Ayenera kuti akugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera komanso zowona zandale kuti "amenyane ndi adani anu," koma sizigwira ntchito. Tidzatchula mobwerezabwereza momwe zinthu ziliri ndi anzawo ndikuwonetsa zomwe akuchita. M'nkhaniyi yomwe ikusonyeza kuti zolaula "sizoyipa maubwenzi" amangotchula nkhani imodzi yokha, mu Chidatchi, chomwe sichimayang'aniridwa ndi anzawo.

Ngati iwo anali ndi kafukufuku woonerera anzawo kuti athe kutsimikizira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sikukhala ndi zotsatira za ubale, iwo ndithudi akananena izo. Monga tafotokozera kale, pa Zofufuza za 75 zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukhutira ndi chibwenzi. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira maphunziro onse okhudza amuna (omwe ali ambiri a maphunziro) awonetsa zochitika zambiri zolaula zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana. Ngakhale kuti zofalitsa zochepa zofalitsidwa zimagwirizanitsa ntchito zolaula zazikulu kwa akazi kuti asakhudze (kapena bwino) kugonana, ambiri omwe alibe. Onani mndandanda wa Maphunziro a 35 okhudza nkhani za amai zomwe zimawonetsa zotsatira zowononga, kukondweretsa kugonana, ndi maubwenzi.

Mukamayesa kufufuza, nkofunika kudziwa kuti akazi ophatikizana omwe zonse gwiritsani ntchito zolaula pa intaneti (ndipo zitha kulongosola za zotsatira zake) ndizochepa peresenti ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Deta yaikulu, yovomerezeka kudziko lonse ili yochepa, koma General Social Survey inanena kuti Only 2.6% mwa amayi onse a ku US adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha. Funso linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati, 2014). Zowona, zolaula zomwe amayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi ang'onoang'ono zakhala zikuwonjezeka kuyambira 2004. Ngakhale zili choncho, kufufuza malipoti kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi amayi poyerekezera ndi aang'ono peresenti ya amayi (mwina 1-2% ya akazi). Mwachitsanzo, m'munsimu muli grafu kuchokera ku maphunziro ochepa omwe amanena kuti zolaula zambiri zimakhutira ndi akazi.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti "Wokwanira" amatanthauza amuna ndi akazi ophatikizidwa. Popeza mizere "Yathunthu" ndi "Amuna" ndiyofanana, izi zimatiuza kuti pafupifupi onse omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumapeto kwenikweni anali amuna. Mwanjira ina azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito 2-3 pamwezi kapena kupitilira apo amaphatikizapo 1-2% ya akazi onse. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku woimira dziko lonse la 2004 omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa pomwe azimayi 2.4% okha ndi omwe adachezera zolaula mwezi watha.

Klein

Izi zikubweretsa mafunso angapo osayankhidwa: Kodi ndi zikhalidwe zotani zomwe 1% -2% ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito, komabe zokhutira kwambiri? Kodi ali mu BDSM kapena makina ena? Kodi ali mu mgwirizano wa polyamorous? Kodi akaziwa ali ndi ma libidos okwera kwambiri kapena amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cholaula? Zirizonse zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula mumagulu ang'onoang'ono a akazi, kodi izi zikutiuza ife za zotsatira za zolaula nthawi zonse pa 98-99% ya amayi achikulire?

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EXCERPT #8: Zotsatira za 3 zomwe tazitchula sizigwirizana ndi zomwe adanena

SLATE KUCHITA: Zomwezo zikhoza kutengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wogwira ntchito mosamala, omwe apeza kuti anthu omwe akuda nkhaŵa za kuchuluka kwa mafilimu awo owonetsera kugonana kwenikweni musavutike nazo malamulo okhudzana ndi kugonana kwawo kapena ndi ntchito yawo erectile.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro atatu omwe sagwirizana ndi zifukwa (2 ya maphunziro a 3 ndi Prause). Mapepala omwewo a 3 ndi madandaulo omwewo a 2 amachotsedwanso ku kalata ya 2016 ya Prause (yomwe idasankhidwa pano: Mtsutso wa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za ").

Maphunziro Awiri Oyamba: Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 ndi Moholy, Pembedzero, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015

Tidzayamba ndi maphunziro awiri oyamba omwe adatchulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe akuti, "anthu omwe amadandaula za kuchuluka kwa mafilimu awo owonana nawo musavutike nazo malamulo okhudza zilakolako zawo zakugonana. ”

Kafukufuku wa 2 sanayese kuyesa ngati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amalephera kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula - monga momwe akunenera zabodza. M'malo mwake, maphunziro awiriwa anali ndi owonera zolaula, kuwalangiza kuti ayese kuchepetsa chilakolako chawo chogonana. Kafukufukuyu anayerekezera zambiri za maphunziro pa a chizolowezi chogonana yesani ndi kuthekera kwamaphunziro kuti muzitha kudziletsa pogonana mukamaonera zolaula zazifupi za vanila. Zotsatira zamaphunziro onsewa zinali ponseponse, popanda kulumikizana momveka bwino pakati pa mayeso okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuthana ndi chidwi chodzutsa munthu.

Chikhulupiriro cha Prause / Klein / Kohut ndichakuti maphunziro omwe amapambana kwambiri pamayeso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere ayenera kukhala otsika kwambiri poletsa kudzutsa kwawo. Popeza panalibe mgwirizano wowoneka bwino pamaphunziro a 2 ndiye kuti "zolaula siziyenera kukhalapo." Ichi ndichifukwa chake izi ndi zopanda pake:

1) Monga tafotokozera, maphunzirowa sanawone kuti "kuthekera koletsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ngakhale zotsatira zovuta," kukangokhala kanthawi kochepa mu labata yokhala ndi gulu la alendo omwe amavala zovala zoyera.

2) Kafukufukuyu sanayese omwe anali nawo kapena sanali "oledzera" - monga momwe ofufuzawo amangogwiritsa ntchito mafunso a "zolaula". Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa Prause adadalira CBSOB, yomwe ili ndi mafunso zero pazokhudza zolaula pa intaneti. Zimangotifunsa za “zogonana,” kapena ngati anthu akuda nkhawa ndi zochita zawo (monga, “Ndikudandaula kuti ndili ndi pakati,” “Ndinamupatsa wina kachilombo ka HIV,” “Ndinakumana ndi mavuto azachuma”). Chifukwa chake kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pazambiri pa CBSOB ndi kuthekera kowongolera kwadzutsa sikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

3) Chofunika koposa: Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku yemwe adazindikira kuti ndi ndani omwe adachita zachiwerewere, a Prause / Klein / Kohut akuwoneka kuti akunena kuti "zolaula" ziyenera kukhala osachepera amatha kuwongolera kukondana kwawo akamaonera zolaula. Nanga ndichifukwa chiyani angaganize kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ayenera kukhala ndi "chidwi chachikulu" pomwe Prause et al., 2015 adanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali nazo Zochepa Kodi ubongo umagwiritsira ntchito zolaula kuposa vutolo? (Zodabwitsa, maphunziro ena a EEG mofananamo anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu pakati pa akazi ogwirizana ndi Zochepa ubongo wachinsinsi ku zolaula.) Zofufuza za Prause et al. 2015 agwirizane ndi Kühn & Gallinat (2014), yomwe inapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Zochepa kusinthika kwa ubongo poyang'ana zithunzi za zojambula zolaula, ndi Banca et al. 2015, yomwe idapeza nthawi yowonongeka kwa zithunzi zolaula zolaula.

Si zachilendo kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri azikhala ololera, zomwe ndizofunikira zolimbikitsira kwambiri kuti athe kukwaniritsa zomwezo. Zolaula za Vanilla zimatha kukhala zosasangalatsa. Chochitika chofananachi chimachitika mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amafuna "kugunda" kwakukulu kuti achite chimodzimodzi. Ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kukondoweza kwakukulu kumakwaniritsidwa pakukulitsa zolaula zatsopano kapena zoopsa. A kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapezeka kuti kuchuluka kotereku kuli kofala kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti lero. 49% mwa amuna omwe anafunsidwa anawona zolaula "sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti iwo ankaona kuti zonyansa. ” Pamenepo, maphunziro ambiri awonetsa zomwe apeza monga chizolowezi chizolowezi kapena kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi - zomwe zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo.

Mfundo yaikulu: Zolemba zonse za olemba zidalira ulosi wosagwirizana kuti "zolaula" ayenera zinachitikira kukondana kwakukulu kuti azijambula zithunzi za vilala zolaula, ndipo motero osakwanitsa kuthetsa kuukitsa kwawo. Komabe ulosi wonena kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhalira kukondweretsa zolaula za vanilla komanso chilakolako chachikulu chogonana mobwerezabwereza amatsutsidwa ndi mayankho angapo:

  1. Pa maphunziro a 25 kutsutsa zonena kuti kugonana ndi anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "amakhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana."
  2. Pa maphunziro a 35 Gwiritsani ntchito zolaula kugwilitsa kugonana kapena kugonana ndi anthu ogonana.
  3. Pazowonjezera zofufuza za 75 Kugonana kumagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kugonana.

Zofunika: Mu chitsanzo china chazinthu zoyeserera, Prause adati zotsatira zake za 2015 zakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa ubongo chifukwa cha zolaula za vanilla zinali zonse "debunked zolaula. " Mapepala 10 owunikiridwa ndi anzawo sagwirizana ndi a Prause. Onse amati Prause et al., 2015 amapeza kupeza chilakolako / chizoloŵezi cha anthu ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula (zomwe ziri zogwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo): Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015

Phunziro lachitatu (Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015):

Pepala limodzi, lolembedwa ndi Nicole Prause, lidatchulidwa kuti lithandizire zonena kuti zolaula sizikhala ndi vuto lililonse pakugonana ("… ..kapena ndi ntchito yawo erectile."Tisanalankhule pepala lotsutsidwa kwambiri (Pembedzero & Pfaus), tiyeni tiwone umboni wotsimikizira zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula.

Monga mwatsatanetsatane Ndemanga #3 pamwambapa, maphunziro asanu ndi anayi omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2010 akuwonekera kukula kwakukulu kwa erectile. Izi ndizo Zinalembedwa m'nkhaniyi komanso pamapepala owonetsedwa ndi anzako a madokotala a 7 US Navy: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Malipoti a Clinic (2016). Asanakhale ndi 2001 malingaliro osagwira ntchito a amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40 amapezeka pafupi ndi 2-3%. Popeza 2010 ED mitengo imachokera ku 14% mpaka 37%, pomwe mitengo yafupi ya libido inachokera ku 16% mpaka 37%. Zina kusiyana ndi kubwera kwa zolaula zosagwirizana ndi achinyamata a ED zasintha kwambiri zaka zomaliza za 10-20.

Zotsatira zam'tsogolo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimagwirizana ndi kufalitsa Maphunziro a 28 akugwirizanitsa ntchito zolaula ndi "chizoloŵezi chogonana" ku zochitika zogonana ndikupangitsa kuti anthu azigonana. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zoyambirira za 5 mu mndandanda wawonetsera zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana. Chifukwa china chachilendo a Slate Nkhani imalephera kutchula maphunziro awa a 26.

Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa, Tsamba ili lili ndi nkhani ndi mavidiyo ndi akatswiri a 130 (urology aphunzitsi, a urologists, a maganizo, a psychologists, a sexologists, a MDs) omwe amavomereza, ndipo achita bwino, kuwonetsa zolaula-kukopa ED ndi zolaula-zomwe zinachititsa kuti asayambe kugonana. Kuwonjezera apo anyamata ambirimbiri adanena kuti akuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa kuchotsa zosiyana: zolaula. (Onani masamba awa kwa nkhani zochepa zowonongeka: Kubwezeretsanso ma akaunti 1, Kubwezeretsanso ma akaunti 2, Kubwezeretsanso mauthenga 3, Nkhani Zokonzanso za PIED.)

Pembedzero & Pfaus sanagwirizane ndi zomwe akunena: Ndimapereka chithandizo cha Richard Isenberg, MD komanso ndondomeko yowonjezera, ndikutsatiridwa ndi ndemanga zanga ndi zolemba za Dr. Isenberg.

Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 sanali kuphunzira kwa amuna omwe ali ndi ED. Sipanali kuphunzira konse. Mmalo mwake, Prause adanena kuti asonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku maphunziro ake anayi oyambirira, palibe imodzi yomwe inalembera zovuta za erectile. Zosokoneza kuti nyuzipepala ya Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus idapitiliza kafukufuku wa anzanu ngati mapepala awo sanagwirizane ndi deta mu maphunziro anayi omwe mapepalawo adanena kuti akuchokera. Zosagwirizana sizeng'onoting'ono zochepa, koma mabowo omwe sangathe kuwombedwa. Kuphatikizanso apo, pepalayi inanena zowonjezera zomwe zinali zabodza kapena zosagwirizana ndi deta yawo.

Timayamba ndi zifukwa zabodza zopangidwa ndi Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus. Nkhani zambiri za atolankhani za phunziroli zinanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunatsogolera bwino zolemba, komabe si zomwe pepalalo linapeze. Pa zofunsidwazo, Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus ananamizira kuti anayeza zoyezera mu labata, komanso kuti amuna omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ankachita bwino kwambiri. Mu Pemphero la Jim Pfaus Pfaus anati:

Tinayang'ana pa mgwirizano wa luso lawo lokhazikitsa labu.

Tapeza chiyanjano chofanana ndi zolaula zomwe amaziwona panyumba, ndi ma latency omwe mwachitsanzo amapeza kukonza mofulumira.

In kuyankhulana kwa radiyo iyi Nyuzipepala ya Nicole inanenanso kuti mayendedwe amawerengedwa mu labu. Ndemanga yeniyeni yochokera kuwonetsero:

Anthu ambiri akamayang'ana pakhomo amakhala ndi mayankho amphamvu a erectile mububu, osati kuchepetsedwa.

Komabe pepala ili silinaphunzire khalidwe la erection mu labu kapena "kuthamanga kokwanira." Pepala lokha ankadzinenera kuti afunse anyamata kuti awonetsere "kuwukweza" kwawo atangoyang'ana mwachiwerewere zolaula (ndipo sizikuwonekera pa mapepala apansi omwe mapepala odziwika okhawa anafunsidwa ngakhale pa maphunziro onse). Mulimonsemo, gawo lina la pepalalololo linavomereza kuti:

Palibe chiwerengero cha machitidwe okhudzana ndi chiwerewere chophatikizapo chiwalo cha thupi chophatikizidwa kuti chichirikizire zochitika zomwe anthu adanena "

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe zowonongeka zenizeni zomwe zinayesedwa kapena kuyesedwa mu labu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe deta yoteroyo kapena zosankhazo zinali zowonongeka ndi anzawo!

Pachifukwa chachiwiri chosagwirizana, mlembi wamkulu Nicole Prause tweeted maulendo angapo ponena za phunziroli, kulola dziko kudziwa kuti nkhani za 280 zimakhudzidwa, komanso kuti "alibe mavuto kunyumba." Komabe, maphunzirowa anayi ali ndi nkhani za amuna 234 okha, choncho "280" ili kutali.

Chidziwitso chachitatu chosamutsimikiziridwa: Dr. Isenberg's Letter to the Editor (yokhudzana ndi pamwamba), yomwe inakweza nkhawa zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa zolakwika Pembedzero & Pfaus , anadabwa kuti zingatheke bwanji Pembedzero & Pfaus kuti afotokoze nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokopa ngati zitatu zosiyana mitundu yonyansa yogonana idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 4 yopitiliza maphunziro. Maphunziro awiri omwe anagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya 3-imodzi, kafukufuku wina anagwiritsa ntchito filimu yachiwiri ya 20, ndipo phunziro limodzi linagwiritsabe ntchito zithunzi. Zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti Mafilimu amaukweza kwambiri kuposa zithunzi, kotero palibe gulu lofufuza lovomerezeka lomwe lingagwiritse ntchito mfundozi palimodzi kuti zisonyeze za mayankho awo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti m'mapepala awo omwe analemba Prause ndi Pfaus sanena kuti maphunziro onse a 4 amagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ogonana:

"VSS yomwe inapezeka mu maphunzirowo inali mafilimu onse."

Mawu awa ndi onyenga, monga momwe akuwonekera momvekera muzofufuza za Prause mwiniwake. Ichi ndi chifukwa choyamba chomwe Pemphero ndi Pfaus silinganene kuti mapepala awo akuyesa "kudzutsa." Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofanana zomwezo pa phunziro lirilonse poyerekeza maphunziro onse.

Chigamulo chachinayi chosamutsimikiziridwa: Dr Isenberg adafunsanso kuti Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 ikhoza kufanizitsa masewera osiyanasiyana okhudzidwa pamene kokha 1 za 4 zomwe zimayambira maphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito 1 ku 9 msinkhu. Chimodzi chinagwiritsa ntchito 0 ku 7, imodzi imagwiritsa ntchito 1 ku 7, ndipo phunziro limodzi silinafotokoze kuwonetsera kwa kugonana. Apanso Pemphero ndi Pfaus amanena momveka bwino kuti:

"Amuna adafunsidwa kuti asonyeze kuchuluka kwawo kwa" kugonana "kuchokera ku 1" osati konse "ku 9" kwambiri. "

Mawu awa, nawonso, ndi abodza, monga mapepala apansi akuwonetsera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe Pemphero ndi Pfaus sangathe kunena kuti mapepala awo akuyesa "kuwukweza" kwa amuna. Phunziro liyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mlingo womwewo pa phunziro lirilonse poyerekeza zotsatira zake. Mwachidule, nkhani zonse zopangidwa ndi Prause ndi zomwe zimanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zowonjezera kusintha kapena kuukitsa, kapena china chirichonse, ndizo osagwiriridwa ndi kafukufuku wake.

Olemba Prause ndi Pfaus adanenanso kuti iwo sapeza mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zambiri za erectile ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa mwezi wathawu. Monga Dr. Isenberg adanenera:

Chododometsa kwambiri ndi kulephera kwathunthu kwa chiwerengero cha zotsatira za erectile ntchito zotsatira measure. Palibe zotsatira zowerengetsera zomwe zilipo. M'malo mwake olemba amafunsa owerenga kuti akhulupirire mawu awo osatsutsika kuti panalibe kugwirizana pakati pa maola olaula omwe amawoneka ndi erectile. Chifukwa cha zomwe olemba amatsutsana nazo kuti erectile amagwira ntchito ndi wokondedwa akhoza makamaka kupindula mwa kuyang'ana zolaula kuti kusawerengedwa kwa chiŵerengero ndizovuta kwambiri.

Monga mwambo pamene kalata yotsutsa zafukufuku imafalitsidwa, olembawo amapatsidwa mpata woti ayankhe. Yankho lachinyengo la Prause lotchedwa "Herring Red: Hook, Line, ndi Stinker"Sikuti amangotuluka m'mipingo ya Isenberg (ndi Gabe Deem's), ili ndi angapo yatsopano ziwonetsero zopanda pake ndi maumboni ambiri onama amodzi. Ndipotu, pempho la Prause siliposa kungosuta, magalasi, kunyansidwa, ndi zonama. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa Gabe Deem kumatulutsa pempho la Prause ndi Pfaus pa zomwe ziri: Chitsutso cha Pembedzero & Pfaus yankho kalata ya Richard Isenberg.

Chidule: Mfundo zowonjezereka za 2 zopangidwa ndi Klein / Kohut / Prause sizikuthandizidwa:

  1. Pembedzero & Pfaus sanathe kupereka chidziwitso cha chidziwitso chachikulu chakuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sikunali kofanana ndi zolemba pa erection questionnaire (IIEF).
  2. Pembedzero & Pfaus adalephera kufotokoza momwe olemba ake angawunikire moyenera "kudzutsa" pomwe 4 yoyambira kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito zoyambitsa zosiyanasiyana (mafano akadali motsutsana ndi makanema), osagwiritsa ntchito sikelo kapena manambala osiyanasiyana (1-7, 1-9, 0 -7, palibe mulingo).

Ngati Prause ndi Pfaus anali ndi mayankho a nkhawa zomwe takambirana pamwambapa, akanawathandiza poyankha Dr. Isenberg. Iwo sanatero.

Potsirizira pake, Jim Pfaus ali pa bwalo lolemba Journal of Sexual Medicine ndipo amatha khama lalikulu lomwe likuukira lingaliro la zolaula-linayambitsa zovuta zogonana. Wolemba-Co Chithunzi cha Nicole akudandaula ndi debunking PIED, atapanga Nkhondo ya zaka 3 pa pepala ili la maphunziro, uku ndikuzunza pamodzi ndi anyamata omwe achira zomwe zapangitsa kuti achite zachiwerewere. Onani zolembedwa: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Mpingo wa Nowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10,  Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes pamodzi, Alexander Rhodes # 11, Alexander Rhodes #12, Alexander Rhodes #13, Alexander Rhodes #14.

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EXCERPT #9: Mukayang'anizana ndi mafukufuku ambiri okhudzana ndi zolaula mumagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoipa, mungofuula kuti "kugwirizana sikumayambitsa"

SLATE KUCHITA: Komabe, vuto lenileni ndi kafukufukuyu ndilokuti kuchuluka kwa maphunziro ndi gawo, kutanthauza kuti amangopempha za moyo wanu monga momwe ziliri tsopano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kuwonetsa zinthu. Kumbukirani kuti "mgwirizano wakale siwongopeka" kuchokera ku sukulu ya sayansi? Ngati banja lanu silikuyenda bwino kapena mutasiya kukhala pachibwenzi zaka zambiri zapitazo, mwayi ndi wabwino kuti munthu amene ali pachibwenzicho akulakwitsa kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chawo chogonana chosakwaniritsidwe.

Translation: "Mukugona kwambiri, tulo tanu ... zikope zanu zikulemera… mosasamala kanthu za maphunziro 58 pazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimawululidwa, ndizoseweretsa maliseche…. Tsopano mukugona… sizingakhale zolaula .... .zakudya zabwino ndi inu…. kuyenera kukhala maliseche…. Ugone tulo tofa nato. ”

Monga momwe anafotokozera pansi pa gawo #14, ndondomeko yotengedwa ndi Prause ndi David Ley ndilo kulakwa maliseche chifukwa cha mavuto ambirimbiri okhudzana ndi zolaula. Pano ndi #14 pansipa, Prause / Klein / Kohut atengere mfundo yolankhulidwayi ndipo yesetsani kuimba mlandu maliseche pa zotsatira Phunziro la 60 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana. Pambuyo popemphera ndi Ley anamanga "zolaula sizingathetsere" njira yolongosolera matenda aakulu ED omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, omwe amagwirizana nawo, Jim Pfaus, adanena mobwerezabwereza kuti zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa ED kukhala nthano, Zotsatila posintha nthawi ndizo kwenikweni chifukwa cha ED achinyamata awa. Mukafunsidwa za zomwe zimatenga 6-24 miyezi ya zolaula kuti zibwezeretsenso, Pfaus samangokhala chete. Ndizo ena "Nyengo yotsutsa," eh? (Onani nkhaniyi kuwulula kampeni yawo "pachilichonse kupatula zolaula": Azimayi oletsa kugonana amatsutsa zolaula-amachititsa ED kupempha kuti azigonana ndi vuto (2016).)

Kupita ku "mgwirizano sikumayenderana ndi" mantra imene 7 iliyonseth grader amatha kuwerengera. Tikakumana ndi mazana a kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pazotsatira zoyipa, njira yodziwikiratu ya ma PhD omwe amatsutsa zolaula ndikuti "palibe chifukwa chomwe chawonetsedwa." Chowonadi ndichakuti zikafika pamaphunziro azamisala ndi zamankhwala, kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri amaulula zovuta mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro onse pa mgwirizano pakati pa khansa yamapapu ndi kusuta ndudu kwa anthu ndi ofanana. Komabe, kuyambitsa ndi zotsatira tsopano ndi zomveka kwa aliyense koma fodya.

Pazifukwa zomveka, kafukufuku amalephera kumanga kuyesera zopanga zofukufuku zomwe zidzatsimikizire mosatsimikizika ngati zolaula zimayambitsa zoipa zina. Choncho, amagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana zitsanzo. Pambuyo pake, pamene maphunziro ofunikira ambiri amasonkhanitsidwa m'dera lililonse lofufuzira, pamakhala mbali yomwe umboni waumboni unganene kuti ukuwonetseratu mfundo, ngakhale kuti palibe choyenera, koma nthawi zambiri sichiyenera kuchita, maphunziro oyesera.

Ikani njira ina, palibe phunziro limodzi lothandizira lingapereke "mfuti yosuta fodya" mmalo mwa maphunziro, koma umboni wosinthika wa maphunziro ochuluka angagwire ntchito ndi zotsatira. Pankhani ya kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, pafupifupi kuwerenga kulikonse komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi kugwirizana.

Kuti "mutsimikizire" kuti zolaula zimayambitsa vuto la erectile, mavuto amgwirizano, mavuto am'maganizo kapena kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayenera kukhala ndi magulu awiri akulu amapasa ofanana atabadwa. Onetsetsani kuti gulu limodzi silimayang'ana zolaula. Onetsetsani kuti aliyense mgulu lomwelo akuwonera zolaula zofananira, kwa maola omwewo, pamsinkhu womwewo. Ndipo pitilizani kuyesa kwa zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikutsatiridwa ndikuwunika kwakusiyanako.

Mwinanso, kufufuza kuyesa kusonyeza kuwonetsa kungachititsidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

  1. Chotsani zosinthika zomwe mukufuna kuziyeza. Makamaka, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amaima, ndikuyesa kusintha kulikonse masabata, miyezi (zaka?) Mtsogolo. Izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamene anyamata ambiri amasiya zolaula kuti athe kuchepetsa vuto lopanda matenda la erectile losagwira ntchito komanso zizindikiro zina (chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula).
  2. Pangani kafukufuku wautali, zomwe zikutanthauza maphunziro otsatirawa kwa nthawi kuti aone momwe kusintha kwa zolaula (kapena zochitika zolaula) zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chiwerengero cha kusudzulana kwa zaka zambiri (kufunsa mafunso ena kuti athetse mavuto osiyanasiyana).
  3. Awonetseni omwe akufuna kuchita zolaula ndikuwona zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, onaninso kuthekera kwamaphunziro kuti muchepetse kukhutiritsa musanachitike komanso mukakhala ndi zolaula pamalo ochezera.

Pansipa tilembere maphunziro omwe agwiritsira ntchito njirazi: XIUMX: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, maphunziro a nthawi yaitali, kuonera zolaula mu labata. Zotsatira zonse zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa zotsatira zoipa.

Gawo # 1: Fufuzani komwe ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

The zoyambirira za 7 muchigawo chino, chisonyezerani kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Choncho, kutsutsanako ngati zovuta zogonana zolaula zilipo zathetsedwa kwa kanthawi ndithu tsopano.

1) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapadera (2016): Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa zofalitsa zokhudzana ndi zolaula-zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a kugonana. Olembedwa ndi a 7 a US Navy madokotala (urologists, psychiatrists, ndi MD ndi PhD mu sayansi), ndemangayi imapereka mauthenga atsopano akuwulula kukula kwakukulu kwa mavuto achinyamata ogonana. Kumaphunziranso za ubongo zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula pa intaneti. Olembawo amapereka ndondomeko zachipatala za 3 za amuna amene adayambitsa zolaula zogonana. Awiri mwa amuna atatuwa adachiza zovuta zawo zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwamuna wachitatu adasintha pang'ono pokhapokha atalephera kusiya zolaula.

2) Zizoloŵezi za kugonana ndi ziwalo zogonana (2016): Wovomerezedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku France ndi purezidenti wa European Federation of Sexology. Pepalali limakhudza zochitika zake zachipatala ndi amuna a 35 omwe adayamba kukanika kugwira ntchito ndi / kapena anorgasmia, ndi njira zake zothandizira kuwathandiza. Wolembayo akuti ambiri mwa odwala ake adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo kotala la iwo anali osokoneza bongo. Zomwe zimawonetsa zolaula pa intaneti ndiye zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a odwala. 19 mwa amuna 35 adawona kusintha kwakukuru pakugwira ntchito zachiwerewere. Amuna enawo mwina adasiya chithandizo kapena amayesetsabe kuchira.

3) Zovuta zachilendo kuchita monga chidziwitso cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi chithandizo cha kugonana kwa anyamata (2014): Imodzi mwa maphunziro a 4 mu pepalayi imanena za munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana ndi zolaula (low libido, fetishes, anorgasmia). Kugonana kumeneku kunkafuna kudziletsa kwa sabata la 6 pa zolaula ndi maliseche. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 8 mwamunayo adafotokoza chilakolako chogonana, kugonana bwino komanso kugonana, komanso akusangalala ndi "zachiwerewere zabwino. Uwu ndiwo nkhani yoyamba yowonongeka ndi anzako za zolaula zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugonana.

4) Zimakhala zovuta bwanji kuchepetsa kuthamangitsidwa kochedwa mkati mwachitsanzo chochepa cha kugonana ndi kugonana? Kuyerekeza kwa kafukufuku wamakono (2017): Ili ndi lipoti la "milandu ingapo" yosonyeza zamatsenga ndi chithandizo chothamangitsa umuna (anorgasmia). "Wodwala B" amayimira anyamata angapo omwe amathandizidwa ndi wodwalayo. "Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa Odwala B kudakulirakulira," "monga zimakhalira nthawi zambiri." Nyuzipepalayi inanena kuti zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimachedwa kuthamangitsidwa sizachilendo, ndipo zikukwera. Wolembayo akufuna kuti afufuze zochulukira pazokhudzana ndi zolaula pakugonana. Kuchedwa kwa kuleza mtima kwa wodwala B kudachiritsidwa pambuyo pa masabata a 10 opanda zolaula.

5) Mkhalidwe Wathunthu Wopangika Maganizo: Nkhani Yophunzira (2014): Zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimawulula mulandu wokhudzidwa ndi zolaula. Zomwe amuna amagonana asanakwatirane nthawi zambiri zimakhala maliseche (pomwe iye anali wokhoza kutulutsa umuna). Ananenanso kuti kugonana ndi kosavuta kuposa kuseweretsa maliseche. Chidziwitso chofunikira ndichakuti "kuphunzitsanso" komanso psychotherapy yalephera kuthana ndi vuto lake. Zomwezo zidalephera, othandizira adati kuletsa zolaula kwathunthu. Potsirizira pake kuletsa kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti agonane bwino ndikumasulidwa ndi mnzake kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake.

6) Zithunzi Zolaula Zinayambitsa Kulephera kwa Erectile pakati pa Achinyamata (2019) - Pepala ili likufufuza zochitika za zolaula zinapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke (PIED), ndi maphunziro a 12 milandu. Amuna angapo anachiritsa ED-kupangitsa ED kupititsa patsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

7) Zobisika Zamanyazi: Zomwe Amuna Achikhalidwe Amachita Pakakhala Kovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (2019) - Mafunso a 15 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Ambiri mwa amunawa adanenanso zakumwa zolaula, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito komanso mavuto azakugonana. Mmodzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adakulitsa kwambiri magwiridwe ake a erectile panthawi yogonana poletsa kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula.

8) Mmene Kudziletsa Kumakhudzira Zokonda (2016) [zotsatira zoyambirira]. Zotsatira za Wave Yachiwiri - Kupeza Kwakukulu:

- Kupewa zolaula ndi maliseche kumawonjezera mwayi wochedwetsa mphotho

- Kuchita nawo gawo lodziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala okonzeka kuchita zoopsa

- Kudziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osasangalala

- Kudziletsa kumapangitsa kuti anthu azidandaula, azichita zinthu mosamala, komanso asamachite mantha

9) Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012): Ophunzira akuyesera kupewa zolaula (masabata okha a 3). Poyerekeza gululi ndi otsogolera, omwe adagwiritsabe ntchito zolaula adanena kuti kudzipereka kulibe malire. N'chiyani chingachitike ngati atayesa kuti asiye miyezi 3 m'malo mwa masabata a 3?

10) Kugulitsa Pambuyo Panthawi Zokondweretsa: Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito ndi Kutaya Kupeza (2015): Kuonera zolaula zomwe anthu adzidya, sakanatha kuchepetsa kukondweretsa. Phunziro lapaderali linalinso ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pofuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa masabata a 3. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kupitilirapo kunali causally zokhudzana ndikulephera kwakuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa (zindikirani kuti kutha kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa ndi ntchito ya preortalal cortex).

Gawo # 2: Maphunziro a kutalika:

Zonse koma zowerengera ziwiri za nthawi yaitali zimayang'ana zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito ubale wapamtima

1) Anyamata akunyamata akuyang'ana pa zolaula pa intaneti: Maubwenzi kuti atchule nthawi, kufunafuna, ndi kuphunzitsa maphunziro (2014): Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunatsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwa maphunziro a 6 patapita miyezi.

2) Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009). Chidule: Pakati pa May 2006 ndi May 2007, tinayambitsa kafukufuku wamagulu atatu pakati pa achinyamata a 1,052 Dutch omwe ali ndi zaka 13-20. Mchitidwe wogwirizanitsa ziwonetsero zowonetsa kuti kuwonetsa kwa ZOYENERA kunachepetsa kuchepetsa kugonana kwa achinyamata. Kugonjetsa kugonana kwabwino (mu Wave 2) kunachulukitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito ZOONA (mu Wave 3).

3) Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016). Chidule: Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kujambula pazoyimira dziko lonse lapansi, zotalikirapo (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) kuti awone ngati zolaula zomwe zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito zimayambitsanso banja pambuyo pake komanso ngati zotsatirazi ziziwongoleredwa ndi jenda. Mwambiri, anthu okwatirana omwe nthawi zambiri amawonera zolaula mu 2006 adanenanso zakutsika kwambiri muukwati mu 2012, njira zowongolera zoyambilira zaukwati ndi ma correlates oyenera. Zotsatira zolaula sizimangoyimira kukhutira ndi moyo wakugonana kapena kupanga chisankho muukwati mu 2006. Pazomwe zimakhudza kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 kudali chiwonetsero chachiwiri champhamvu chaukwati mu 2012.

4) Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016). Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito gulu lomwe likuyimira gulu la General Social Survey lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu masauzande akulu ku America. Chidule: Kuyambira zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde owerengeka pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri mwayi wakusudzulana ndi nthawi yotsatira, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 11 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi katatu kuwirikiza kwa akazi, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 16 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti kuonera zolaula, pamikhalidwe ina, kumatha kukhala ndi mavuto m'banja.

5) Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015). Chidule: Deta kuchokera ku chitsanzo chochuluka cha okwatirana kumene inasonyeza kuti KUKHALA ntchito kuli ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa zotsatira zabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwa amuna kunachepetsanso ntchito YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA PAKATI pa nthawi ndipo ntchito ya SEIM inachepetsa kusintha. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kukhutira ndi kugonana kwa amuna omwe amaloledwa kuchepa kwa Akazi awo amatha chaka chimodzi, pomwe akazi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito sanagwirizane ndi kugonana kwa amuna awo.

6) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017). Chidule: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu a ku America okwatirana omwe ankaona zolaula konse ku 2006 anali oposa awiri oposa omwe sankaona zolaula kuti asiyanitsidwe ndi 2012, ngakhale atatha kuyang'anira chisangalalo cha 2006 komanso kugwirizana kwa kugonana komanso anthu ogwirizana. Chiyanjano pakati pa zolaula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso kupatukana kwa banja, komabe, inali yodziwika bwino.

7) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017). Chidule: zofufuza zinawonetsa kuti anthu a ku Amerika amene ankaona zolaula konse ku 2006 anali ochepa kawiri ngati omwe omwe sanaonepo zithunzi zolaula kuti adziwe kuti akugonana ndi 2012, ngakhale atayang'ana zinthu zowoneka monga 2006 chiyanjano ndi anthu ena. Kufufuza komweku kunasonyezanso mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa momwe America amawonera zolaula ku 2006 komanso zovuta zawo zogonana ndi 2012.

8) Kugwirizana pakati pa Kuwonetsera Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti, Maphunziro a Paganizo ndi Chilolezo Chogonana pakati pa achinyamata a ku Hong Kong Achinyamata Achichepere: Kuphunzira Kwambiri Kwambiri Kwambiri (2018): Kuphunzira kotalika kotereku kunapezeka kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunakhudzana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kuchepetsa moyo wokhutira ndi kugonana.

Gawo #3: Kuyesera kuwonetsa zolaula:

1) Zotsatira za Kusungunuka kwa Amuna Achichepere Kuwoneka Kwambiri kwa Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna (1984). Chidule: Pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi okongola, kukongola kwa okwatirana kudatsika kwambiri pamayeso omwe adapangidwa atawonekera kwa akazi osakopa; mtengowu umakhala pakatikati pambuyo pakuwonekera. Kusintha kwa chidwi cha okwatirana sikunafanane ndi kusintha kokhutira ndi okwatirana, komabe.

2) Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zambiri Pakati pa Makhalidwe Abanja (1988). Chidule: Kuwonetsetsa kunayambitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa kugonana koyambirira kapena kosakwatirana komanso kulekerera kwambiri kugonana kosagwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Chiwonetsero chimachepetsa kuyesa kwaukwati, kupanga chionetsero ichi kukhala chosafunika kwambiri komanso chosatheka kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Kuwonetsetsa kunachepetsanso chilakolako chokhala ndi ana komanso kulimbikitsa kuvomereza kulamulidwa kwa amuna komanso ukapolo wazimayi. Ndi zochepa zochepa, zotsatirazi zinali zunifolomu kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe anafunsidwa komanso kwa ophunzira komanso osaphunzira.

3) Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988). Chidule: Ophunzira achimuna ndi achikazi komanso osaphunzitsidwa adakumana ndi matepi amajambulidwe omwe amakhala ndi zolaula zolaula, zosachita zachiwawa kapena zachiwerewere. Chiwonetsero chake chinali magawo a ola limodzi m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adatenga nawo gawo pophunzira mosagwirizana pamabungwe azachuma komanso kukhutira ndi zomwe akuchita. [Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziyesa wekha pakugonana. Ataonera zolaula, omvera adanenanso kuti sakukhutira ndi anzawo apamtima-makamaka, okondedwa awo, mawonekedwe awo, chidwi chawo chogonana, komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro omwe amapatsidwa kufunika kogonana popanda kukhudzidwa. Izi zinali yunifolomu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

4) Chikoka cha anthu ambiri otchuka pa ziweruzo za alendo komanso okwatirana (1989). Ndemanga: IN Kuyesera 2, nkhani zamwamuna ndi zazimayi zimawonetsedwa kuti ndizosiyana. Phunziro lachiwiri, panali kugwirizana kwa kugonana ndi chikhalidwe chokhudzidwa pa zokopa za kugonana. Zowonongeka zowonongeka kwapakati zimapezeka kwa amuna okhaokha omwe amawonekera kwa nkhono zazimayi. Amuna omwe adapeza malo a Playboy omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri amadziona okha ngati osakondana ndi akazi awo.

5) Kusinkhasinkha kwa zithunzi zojambula zithunzi kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yosamvetsetsa ikugwira ntchito (2013): Asayansi a ku Germany apeza zimenezo Internet erotica ikhoza kuchepetsa kukumbukira ntchito. Muyeso lojambula zolaula, anthu odwala 28 ankagwira ntchito zokumbukira pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosiyana za 4, zomwe zinali zolaula. Ophunzirawo adavotera zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi zilakolako zakugonana asanakhalepo, komanso pambuyo pake, kufotokozera zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti kukumbukira ntchito kunali koipitsitsa panthawi yowonera zolaula ndipo kuti kukweza kwakukulu kunachepetsa dontho.

6) Zosakaniza Zojambula Zogonana Ndizochita Zosankha Zokhumudwitsa (2013): Kafukufuku adapeza kuti kuwonera zithunzi zolaula kunasokoneza chisankho popanga mayeso ozindikira. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito, omwe ndi maluso amisala omwe amakuthandizani kuti muchite bwino. Maluso awa amalamulidwa ndi gawo laubongo lotchedwa preortal cortex.

7) Kupitirizabe kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsira ntchito mosamala kapena kusasamala za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pazinthu zambirimbiri zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (2015): Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira pa zolaula amachititsa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito (zomwe zili pansi pa kampani yamakono).

8) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwakhama kwa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna Osagonana Amuna Asanayambe ndi Atatha Kuonera Video Yowopsya (2017): Kuwonetsa zolaula kunakhudza oyang'anira omwe ali ndi "zizolowezi zakugonana," koma osawongolera bwino. Ogwira ntchito zosauka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito atakumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo ndichizindikiro cha zovuta zamankhwala (zomwe zikuwonetsa zonsezi kusintha maulendo oyendetsa ndi kulimbikitsa).

9) Kuwonetsera Kulimbikitsa Kugonana Kumapangitsa Kulipira Kwambiri Kwambiri Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri mu Kugonjetsedwa Kwachinyengo pakati pa Amuna (Cheng & Chiou, 2017): M'maphunziro awiri omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zakugonana zidapangitsa kuti: 1) kuchotsera kwakukulu (kulephera kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa), 2) chidwi chachikulu chofuna kuchita zachiwerewere, 3) chidwi chachikulu chogula zinthu zabodza ndikubera akaunti ya Facebook ya wina. Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi izi zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kukhudzika ndipo kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito zina zazikulu (kudziletsa, kuweruza, kuwoneratu zotsatira zake, kudziletsa).

Mwa njira, kudutsa Kafukufuku wa 80 ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti agwiritsa ntchito "kotenga nthawi" ndikuchotsa njira zosinthira. Onse akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungathe chifukwa mavuto okhudza maganizo / maganizo, kusintha kwa ubongo, ndi zotsatira zina zoipa kwa ena ogwiritsa ntchito.

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EXCERPT #10: Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut chisamaliro cha 5% mwa maphunziro ochokera ku 1 a maphunziro a 58 omwe akugwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwirizano osowa kwambiri

SLATE KUCHITA: Maphunziro a kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali akutsatila anthu nthawi ndi nthawi kusonyeza ngati kugonana kwa mafilimu kumachitika musanachitike zotsatira, zomwe ziyenera kuonetsa kuti mafilimu achiwerewere amachititsa zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali kotereku kunasonyeza kuti, pafupipafupi, kuwonera kanema kuwonjezera chiopsezo za chibwenzi pambuyo pake. Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Kufufuza Kwambiri kwa Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Kusudzulana. Komabe, kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti anthu a ku America omwe ali pabanja omwe ali ndi mafilimu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kugonana pa ngozi yochepa kwambiri chifukwa chotaya chibwenzi chawo (zotsatira zosagwirizana ndi zina).

Njirayi ndi kupusitsa wowerenga kuti aganizire kuti kafukufuku wopeza zotsatira za zolaula pazoyanjana ndizosiyana. Amachita zimenezi povomereza kuti pali phunziro limodzi logwirizanitsa zolaula ndi mavuto omwe ali nawo Zotsatira za 75 kulumikiza zolaula ndi ubale wosauka), ndikutsatira kusankha kwa cherry okha kuwerenga lipoti lazotsatira zakunja - kwa ochepa peresenti ya omvera ake (5% ya maphunziro).

Kafukufuku amene wapeza kunja kwa maphunziro osapitilira 5% ndi "Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017)" - Ndemanga yochokera kumabuku:

Kujambula pa deta kuchokera ku ma 2006 ndi 2012 mafunde a zithunzi zoimira dziko la American Life Study, nkhaniyi inafotokoza ngati anthu okwatirana a ku America amene ankawona zolaula ku 2006, kaya nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zambiri, amakhala osiyana ndi 2012. Kusanthula kwazinthu zamagulu zolimbitsa thupi zasonyezedwa tchipewa chokwatira Anthu a ku America amene ankaona zolaula konse ku 2006 anali oposa awiri oposa omwe sankaona zithunzi zolaula kuti azisiyanitsidwe ndi 2012, ngakhale atatha kuyang'anira chisangalalo cha 2006 komanso kugwirizana kwa kugonana komanso anthu ogwirizana. Chiyanjano pakati pa zolaula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso kupatukana kwa banja, komabe, inali yodziwika bwino. Mkwati wopatukana m'banja ndi 2012 ukuwonjezeka ndi zolaula za 2006 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakana pa zochitika zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zotsatira zenizeni. Ophatikizana pamodzi, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kaya amuna kapena akazi) ali ndi mwayi wopeza kusiyana kwa zaka 6 zaka ziwiri. Makamaka, kwa 95% ya nkhanizo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ku 2006 kunalumikizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwaukwati ku 2012. Komabe, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunkapezeka kangapo pamlungu kapena kuposa (Only 5% ya maphunziro) mwayi wopatukana unali wofanana ndi omwe sanagwiritse ntchito zolaula.

Monga tawonetsera pansi pa gawo #7 Kugwirizana kumapeto kwa bello la belu sikunganeneratu zotsatira za ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mu thumba losakaniza la 2-5% la ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri omwe tingapezeko kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha maanja omwe amadziwika kuti akungolowa kapena akusangalatsa. Angakhale ndi maukwati otseguka. Mwinamwake banjali limamvetsa kuti mnzanuyo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula monga momwe akufunira, koma kusudzulana sizomwe mungachite. Zirizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithunzi zolaula zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'modzi kapena onse awiri, zikuwonekera kuchokera ku phunziro ili ndi zina zonse, kuti ogulitsa sagwirizana ndi mabanja ambiri.

Mwa njira, zonse ena maphunziro a nthawi yaitali kutsimikizira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi zotsatira zovuta za ubale.

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EXCERPT #11: Eya. Pembedzero / Klein / Kohut mosadziwika ponena za phunziro lomwe limathandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

SLATE KUCHITA: Kukhala ndi ubongo wamphamvu ku mafilimu achiwerewere mu labu komanso akulosera galimoto yamphamvu kuti agone ndi miyezi yotsatira.

Momwe kafukufukuyu amagwirizanirana ndikuthandizira mfundo yolankhulirayi ndikulingalira kwa wina aliyense. Mwinanso akuganiza kuti owerenga sangawerenge izi molondola chifukwa "kuwonera zolaula kumabweretsa chikhumbo chachikulu chogonana ndi munthu weniweni yemwe amakhala kwa miyezi ingapo." Koma sizomwe kafukufukuyu adanena.

Ichi chinali phunziro la njira zomwe zimachokera kumakhalidwe oipa (kudya mopitirira muyeso ndi chilakolako chogonana). Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti chizoloŵezi chachikulu chowonera zolaula chikugwirizana ndi zilakolako zogonana ndi ndikuchita maliseche miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Phunziroli silinawone ngati "kukhala ndi bwenzi". Zimangoyesa kukhumba maliseche ndikugonana, zomwe sizimangokhala kwa okwatirana okha. Kafukufukuyu adapeza zotsatira zofanana ndi chakudya: maphunziro omwe adapangidwanso kwambiri pazithunzi zakopeka ndi chakudya adapeza cholemera kwambiri m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira. Kuchokera pazophunzirira:

Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti mphotho yowonjezereka yokhala ndi ubwino mu ubongo kuti idye chakudya ndi kugonana imakhudzana ndi kudya kwambiri ndi kugonana, motero, ndi kupereka umboni wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha nthenda zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zilakolako zamaganizo.

Kafukufukuyu amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala osokoneza bongo, monga maphunziro omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi zolaula. Zikuwoneka kuti anthu awa adakhalapo adalimbikitsidwa zolaula, zomwe zinkasonyeza kuti zonsezi ndizofunika komanso zofuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ochita kafukufuku wodetsedwa amawona kulimbikitsa monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumayambitsa kusokoneza bongo ndikumapeto kwa chizolowezi choledzeretsa. (Onani "Chilimbikitso cholimbikitsira chizolowezi choledzera")

Njira zothandizira akhoza kuganiziridwa monga Machitidwe a Pavlovian pa turbos. Atayikidwa ndi maganizo kapena zokopa, njira zowonongeka zimawombera dera la mphoto, kuthamangira mwakufuna kusasamala zolakalaka. Maphunziro angapo aposachedwapa a ubongo owonetsa zolaula anawonetsa kuwalimbikitsa, ndipo onse anafotokoza momwe ubongo umayankhira mofanana ndi momwe anthu amamwa mowa ndi zidakwa. Monga cha 2018 zofufuza zina za 25 zanena Zotsatirazi zimakhudzana ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ogonana ndi zolaula ndi omwe amanyansidwa ndi zolaula amawadziwitsa kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kulimbikitsa sikutanthauza chizindikiro chenicheni cha libido kapena kufuna kuyandikira mnzanu. M'malo mwake, ndi umboni wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zokumbukira kapena zomwe zimagwirizana ndi khalidweli. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimachitika - monga kutsegula kompyuta, kuwona popu, kapena kukhala nokha - zimatha kuyambitsa chidwi chovuta kunyalanyaza zolakalaka zolaula. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chachikulu-kukonzanso kapena kulakalaka zolaula, komabe amakhala ndi chilakolako chogonana komanso kusokonekera kwa erectile ndi anzawo enieni. Mwachitsanzo, mu Ubongo wa University of Cambridge umapenda kafukufuku wokhudza zolaula nkhanizi zinalimbikitsa ubongo kwambiri, koma ambiri adanena mavuto okhwima / erectile ndi anzawo. Kuchokera pa phunziro la 2014 Cambridge:

[Khalidwe lokakamiza] nkhani zanenedwa kuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula ... .. adakumana ndi kuchepa kwa libido kapena ntchito ya erectile makamaka mu ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale sanali ogwirizana ndi zolaula).

Kenaka tili ndi phunziro la Nicole Prause 2013 EEG limene adalemba m'ma TV monga umboni wotsutsa kuwonetsa zolaula / kugonana: Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chikugwirizana ndi mauthenga okhudza matenda opatsirana pogonana Ochitidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana (Steele et al., 2013). Osati choncho. Steele et al. 2013 kwenikweni imapereka chithandizo kuti pakhale zochitika zolaula komanso zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa kugonana. Mwanjira yanji? Phunzirolo linalemba mawerengedwe apamwamba a EEG (zosiyana ndi zithunzi zosaloŵerera) pamene nkhanizo zinkawonekera mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti P300 yakwatuka imachitika pamene anthu oledzeredwa amadziwika ndi zizindikiro (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo (monga phunziro ili pa cocaine oledzera).

Pembedzero lomwe limanenedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti nzika zake "ubongo sunayankhe ngati zina zotayika”Ilibe chithandizo, ndipo palibe paliponse mu kafukufuku weniweni. Amapezeka pamafunso ake okha. Kuyankhapo pansi pa Psychology Today kuyankhulana la Pemphero, Pulofesa wamkulu wa maphunziro a maganizo, John A. Johnson, anatchula Prause kuti amuneneza zomwe adazipeza:

"Maganizo anga akupitilizabe kunena za Pembedzero kuti ubongo wa omvera ake sunayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga bongo la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalabadira mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa lipoti lokwanira P300 pazithunzi zogonana. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa ma P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha. Kodi angaganize bwanji zosemphana ndi zotsatira zenizeni? ”

Mogwirizana ndi Ubongo wa University of Cambridge umaphunzirira maphunziro, Steele et al. 2013 inanenanso kuti pali zovuta zowonongeka pa zolaula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofuna za kugonana pakati pawo. Kuti azinena mwanjira ina, anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wambiri kuti azichita zolaula amangochita zolaula kuposa kugonana ndi munthu weniweni. Chodabwitsa, woyankhulana Pembedzero adanena kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi "libido," komabe zotsatira za phunzirolo zimati zosiyana kwambiri (nkhani ya anthu ofuna kugonana pakati pawo adagwa mogwirizana ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula). Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikiridwa akufotokoza zoona: Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Steele et al., 2013. Onaninso YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa.

Mwachidule, wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kawirikawiri amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chodzikweza (zolakalaka) koma amakhalanso ndi mavuto okhwima ndi wokondedwa. Kudzuka poyankha zolaula si umboni woti "kuyankha zogonana" kapena kugwira ntchito bwino kwa erectile ndi mnzanu.

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EXCERPT #12: Ngakhale David Ley akuganiza kuti mawu anu ndi okayikitsa

SLATE KUCHITA: Maphunziro ozama angasonyeze ngati kuona zithunzi zolaula kwenikweni zimayambitsa Kugonana kwabwinoko kuphatikizapo kulamulira. The Chiyeso chachikulu choyamba, kuyesedwa koyambirira anapeza kuti kuyang'ana zithunzi zachiwerewere sikunachepetse chikondi kapena chikhumbo cha wokondedwa wapamtima.

Choyamba, ndizosamveka kunena kuti "Kufufuza kozama kungasonyeze ngati kuona zithunzi zolaula kwenikweni zimayambitsa Zotsatira zolakwika zoipa. "Zofufuza komwe anyamata a ku koleji amawona ochepa Playboy zozizwitsa (monga momwe mukuwerengera zogwirizana ndi olemba) sangakuuzeni kanthu za zotsatira za mwamuna wanu maliseche ku mavidiyo ovuta kwambiri patsiku tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka kumapeto. Maphunziro okhawo omwe angathe "onetsani ngati kuona zolaula kwenikweni zimayambitsa zotsatira zolakwika " Maphunziro a kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali amawunikira pa zosiyana kapena maphunziro omwe amapewa zolaula. Pakadali pano maphunziro asanu ndi awiri omwe akhala akutalika kwa nthawi yaitali akhala akufalitsidwa. onse adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhudza ubale wosauka / zotsatira za kugonana:

  1. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009).
  2. Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012).
  3. Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015).
  4. Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016).
  5. Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016).
  6. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017).
  7. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017).

Kupita ku phunziro la 2017 Prause / Klein / Kohut yogwirizana ndi, ndi zotsatira zake zosawoneka bwino: Kodi kusokonezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumachepetsa kukopa ndi kukonda amuna omwe ali ndi zibwenzi? Kenrick, Gutierres, ndi Goldberg (1989).

Phunziro la 2017 linayesa kufotokoza phunziro 1989 zomwe zimawululira abambo ndi amai muubwenzi wokhulupirika ndi zithunzi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Kafukufuku wa 1989 adapeza kuti amuna omwe adakumana ndi maliseche Playboy Zowonongeka zapakati zimakweza zibwenzi zawo ngati zochepetsetsa ndipo zimapereka chikondi chochepa kwa wokondedwa wawo. Pamene 2017 inalephera kufotokoza zofufuza za 1989, timauzidwa kuti phunziro la 1989 linali lolakwika, ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sikungachepetse chikondi kapena chilakolako. Omwe! Osati mofulumira kwambiri.

Kutengera "kulephera" chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chakhala "zolaula". Ofufuza a 2017 sanapemphe ophunzira aku koleji a 1989 omwe anakulira akuwonera MTV pambuyo pa sukulu. M'malo mwake omvera awo adakulira pazithunzi za PornHub zamagulu achifwamba komanso makanema oonera.

Mu 1989 ophunzira angapo a koleji adawona kanema ya X? Osati ochuluka kwambiri. Ndi angati ophunzira a koleji a 1989 amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu iliyonse yotsutsa maliseche, kuyambira msinkhu, kulakwitsa kuzipangizo zovuta zowonongeka mu gawo limodzi? Palibe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za 2017 zikuwonekera: kufotokozera mwachidule ku chithunzi chodalirika cha Playboy Phokoso lalikulu ndikulumidwa kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe amuna aku koleji ku 2017 akhala akuyang'anira zaka. Ngakhale olemba adavomereza kusiyana kwadziko ndi malo awo oyambirira:

1) Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti phunziro lapachiyambi linasindikizidwa mu 1989. Panthawiyo, kufotokozera zachiwerewere sikungakhalepo, koma lero, kufanana ndi zithunzi zopanda phokoso kuli kofala kwambiri, ndipo kotero kuti kuwonetsedwa pakati pa malo osasangalatsa sikungakhale kokwanira kuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kunayambika poyamba. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za maphunziro omwe akupezeka pano akusiyana ndi phunziro lapachiyambi chifukwa chosiyana, kufikako, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa ndi zochitikazo tsopano.

Nthaŵi yosawerengeka ya ndondomeko yopanda tsankho ngakhale David Ley ankadzikakamiza kuwonetsa momveka bwino:

Zitha kukhala kuti chikhalidwe, amuna, komanso zachiwerewere zasintha kwambiri kuyambira 1989. Ndi amuna achikulire ochepa masiku ano omwe sanawonepo zolaula kapena akazi amaliseche - maliseche komanso zachiwerewere ndizofala m'ma media ambiri, kuyambira Game ya mipando kutsitsa mafuta, komanso m'maiko ambiri, amayi amaloledwa kupita pamwamba. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti amuna omwe aphunzira posachedwapa aphunzira kuphatikiza zamaliseche komanso zachiwerewere zomwe amaziwona pa zolaula komanso media zatsiku ndi tsiku m'njira zomwe sizimakhudza kukopa kwawo kapena kukonda anzawo. Mwinanso amuna omwe anali mu kafukufuku wa 1989 sanadziwidwe kwambiri za kugonana, maliseche, komanso zolaula.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesera sikukutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sanatero zokopa za amuna zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi okondedwa awo. Zimangotanthawuza kuti kuyang'ana pa "centerfolds" sikungakhudze mwamsanga masiku ano. Amuna ambiri amavomereza kuti ndi ovuta Kuwonjezeka kwa kukopa kwa okondedwa pambuyo posiya zolaula pa intaneti. Ndipo, ndithudi, palinso umboni wautali wotchulidwa pamwambapa ukuwonetsa zotsatira zosokoneza za kuonera zolaula pa maubwenzi.

Apanso, Prause / Klein / Kohut amapereka zotsatira zopanda pake, zotengera chitetezo poyesera kuthetsa kusokonezeka kwa maphunziro owonetsa zolaula omwe amachititsa kuti athetse banja, kusokoneza, komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano.

Pomaliza, ndizofunika kudziwa kuti olemba a pepala omwe akugwirizana nawo ndi a Taylor Kohut ku yunivesite ya Western Ontario. Gulu ili la akatswiri, loyendetsedwa ndi William Fisher, lakhala likufalitsa kafukufuku wokayikitsa, omwe nthawi zonse amabala zotsatira zomwe zikuoneka kuti pamwamba pazomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi mabuku akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ku zotsatira zoipa zambiri. Komanso, onse awiri a Kohut ndi Fisher adagwira ntchito zazikuru pakugonjetsedwa Chigamulo 47 ku Canada.

Pano pali maphunziro awiri atsopano kuchokera ku Kohut, Asodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku Western Ontario omwe anapeza mitu yoyamba ndi yosocheretsa:

1) Zotsatira Zowonera Zolaula Paubwenzi Wapabanja: Zoyambira Zakale za Open-Ended, Ophunzira-Ophunzira, "Under-Up" Kafukufuku (2017), Taylor Kohut, William A. Fisher, Lorne Campbell

Pakafukufuku wawo wa 2017, Kohut, Fisher ndi Campbell akuwoneka kuti adasokoneza mtunduwo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Pomwe maphunziro ambiri akuwonetsa kuti ocheperako azimayi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu phunziroli 95% ya azimayi adadzigwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha (85% ya azimayi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi). Mitengoyi ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa amuna azaka za koleji, ndipo ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa kafukufuku wina aliyense wolaula! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asokoneza mtundu wawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Zoona zake: Kafukufuku wopangidwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri ku US (General Social Survey) adanenanso kuti ndi azimayi 2.6% okha omwe adayendera "tsamba lachiwerewere" mwezi watha.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa Kohut adangofunsa mafunso "otseguka" pomwe maphunziro amatha kutsutsana pazokhudza zolaula. Ofufuzawo adawerenga mayimbidwewo ndipo adaganiza, pambuyo pake, ndi mayankho ati omwe anali "ofunikira" (agwirizane ndi nkhani yomwe amafuna?). Mwanjira ina, kafukufukuyu sanagwirizanitse kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi cholinga chilichonse, kusanthula kwakusintha kwa kugonana kapena kukhutira ndiubwenzi (monga adachitira pa maphunziro a 75 omwe akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molumikizidwa ndi zovuta pamaubwenzi). Chilichonse chofotokozedwacho chidaphatikizidwa (kapena kupatula) pazosavomerezeka za olemba.

2) Critique of "Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimakhudzadi" Kudana ndi Akazi "? Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Amakhala Ndi Maganizo Osiyanasiyana Amuna Kapena Akazi Osiyanasiyana M'malo Oimira American Sample ”(2016),

Olemba a Taylor Kohut anapanga zosiyana monga: Thandizo kwa (1) Kuchotsa mimba, (2) Chizindikiritso chachikazi, (3) Amayi omwe ali ndi maudindo amphamvu, (4) Chikhulupiriro chakuti moyo wa banja umakhalapo pamene mkazi ali ndi ntchito yanthawi zonse, komanso osakwanira (5) Maganizo oipa pa banja lachikhalidwe. Anthu ambiri, omwe amakhala ophweka, amakhala kutali miyeso yapamwamba yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi ndi kunyalanyaza zosiyana siyana, wolemba woyambitsa Kohut ndi olemba anzake adadziwa kuti adzathera ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula polemba mwatsatanetsatane kuti phunziroli ndilo "zosiyana."Ndiye olembawo anasankha dzina limene linayipeza izo zonse. Zoona, izi zotsutsana zikutsutsana ndi pafupifupi zofalitsa zina zofalitsidwa. (Onani Mndandanda wa maphunziro oposa 25 okhudzana ndi zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ogonana, zovuta komanso zochepa zosiyana.)

Zindikirani: Phunziroli la 2018 likuwonetsa choonadi kumbuyo kwa maphunziro a 5 okayikitsa komanso osocheretsa, kuphatikizapo maphunziro awiri omwe takambiranapo: Kafukufuku Wosaka: Zoona Kapena Zopeka?

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EXCERPT #13: Kuwonera zolaula kumakupangitsani kuyamwa ndi kumwa kumawongolera maganizo anu, kotero sipangakhale zovuta kumbali

SLATE KUCHITA: Mu kafukufuku wina wa ma laboratori, maanja omwe ankawona mafilimu ogonana, kaya ali m'chipinda chimodzi kapena padera, analongosola chilakolako chofuna kugonana ndi wokondedwayo.

Pepala lina lopempherera la Nicole. Kuwonera zolaula, kukhala zowawa, ndiyeno nkufuna kuchoka, sizingakhale zovuta kupeza. "Bwalo lapeza" limeneli silitiuza kanthu za zotsatira za nthawi yaitali zolaula pa maubwenzi (kachiwiri, pa maphunziro a 75 - ndi kafukufuku aliyense wamwamuna - zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito zochepetsera kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale). Kuyesaku ndikofanana ndi kuwunika momwe mowa umathandizira pofunsa ogula ngati akumva bwino atamwa mowa wawo woyamba. Kodi kuyesa kamodzi kokha kumatiuza chilichonse chokhudza momwe angakhalire m'mawa mwake kapena zotsatira zakumwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi?

N'zosadabwitsa kuti Dr. Prause anasiya zonse zomwe adafufuza:

Kuwona mafilimu okhudzana ndi chiwerewere kunapangitsanso mauthenga akuluakulu a zosokoneza, kudziimba mlandu, ndi nkhawa

Kusokoneza kumatanthauza kusokonezeka maganizo. Pemphero lakhala likugwiritsira ntchito chitumbuwa chotsatira zotsatira zake.

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EXCERPT #14: Pofuna kuteteza zolaula, tiyeni tiimbe mlandu maliseche pazovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi zolaula

SLATE KUCHITA: Pamene phunziro lina linanena izo kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunapangitsa kudzipereka kwa wokondedwa, palibe phunziro lomwe lawonetseratu kuti izi zinali chifukwa cha mafilimu achiwerewere komanso osati kusintha kwina kosiyana, monga kusiyana kwa maliseche komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha kusintha zizoloŵezi zoyang'ana. Malingaliro athu, palibe deta yosakanikiritsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kugonana kudzera pa mafilimu ogonana kumachepetsa chilakolako cha wokwatirana naye nthawi zonse; Inde, pansi pa zochitika zina, mafilimu akugonana amaoneka ngati akuwotcha moto kunyumba.

Ndipotu, kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa umboni zikuwonetseratu kuti monga kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumawonjezeka, ubale ndi kukhutira kugonana zimachepa. Izi sizili choncho pa maphunziro ena "inde" ndipo maphunziro ena "sanene", monga phunziro lililonse pa amuna ndi zolaula (Zotsatira za 70) zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zowonjezereka kugwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa kugonana kapena kukhutirana ndi chibwenzi Ndipotu, a kafukufuku adanena kuti kwa amuna, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komwe kunkachitika kamodzi pamwezi mogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kugonana. (Kwa amayi, kudulidwa kunali kochepa kwambiri. Kugwiritsira ntchito zomwe zinali kawirikawiri kuposa "kangapo pachaka" kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana.)

Ndiponso, a phunziro lodzipereka pa zolaula zomwe tatchula pamwambapa anachita asonyeze kuti kuonerera zolaula ndiko chifukwa chachikulu cha kudzipereka kwa anthu omwe ankawona zolaula. Ndi imodzi mwa maphunziro ochepa omwe amapempha anthu kuti ayesetse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kwa masabata a 3) poyerekeza zotsatira ndi gulu lolamulira. Mwachidziwikire ena mwa ofufuza omwewo adafalitsa phunziro lina poyerekeza kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja mwa iwo omwe anayesera kusiya zolaula kwa kanthawi. Iwo adapeza kuti anthu omwe akuonerera zolaula amawona kuti sangakwanitse kukondweretsa. The

N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ogonana monga Klein, Prause ndi Kohut ali okonzeka kuteteza zolaula zomwe akufuna kuti maliseche zimayambitsa mavuto a ubale! (Pemphero ndi mnzanga Ley adanenanso kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumayambitsa matenda aakulu ED kwa anyamata - popanda chithandizo cha mankhwala kapena umboni wina)

Komabe pa nthawi yomweyi Pemphero lakhala likutsindika poyera kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndi chopindulitsa. Kotero, ndi chiani? Pano olemba awa amanenapo chala pa chiwerewere monga chifukwa cha mavuto a ubale, koma sakupereka umboni uliwonse wothandizira mfuti wawo. Zikuwoneka kuti zomwe akunena kuti "ndizolasala" ndi msuzi wofiira wokhazikika nthawi iliyonse leni Umboni wa sayansi umasonyeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mavuto osiyana.

Mwachidziwitso, mu asayansi a 2017 anayesera "chilakolako chofiira-khungu lofiira", ndipo sanapeze chithandizo cha izo. Onani "Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zingakhale Zosintha? Phunziro la FMRI la Amuna Amene Akufuna Chithandizo cha Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito"Kukhala wokhudzidwa ndi zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zoledzera kunkagwirizana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chiwerewere nthawi zambiri. Izi zimakhala zomveka, monga kuyang'ana zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa ndi kugonana:

Tenga chitsanzo cha zolaula. Kulingalira za njira zopezera, kapena kuyesetsa mwakhama kufunafuna, komanso mwina kukhala ndi chilakolako panthawiyi, imatengedwa kuti ikufuna kugonana. Kuwonera zolaula zosankhidwa, ngakhale popanda kugonana, kungatengeke ngati "kugonana" pamene mukugonana.

Anthu amafunikira mwamsanga akatswiri ofufuza omwe angagwiritse ntchito sayansi yeniyeni (ndi sayansi) kuti afufuze za kugonana kwaumunthu ndi zotsatira za chikhalidwe chogonana cha masiku ano. Osati olengeza propagandists akutumikira zitsamba zofiira.

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EXCERPT #15: Pepani ana, Phunziro limodzi lokha limagwirizanitsa "kudzidzidzimutsa ngati munthu wodetsa zolaula" pogwiritsa ntchito maola ambiri, kupembedza komanso kukana khalidwe la zolaula

SLATE KUCHITA: Kulankhula ndi mtima wa vutoli, vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi manyazi. Zonyansa zokhudza mafilimu opatsirana pogonana zimatengedwa pagulu ndi makampani ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (chifukwa cha phindu), ndi ofalitsa (chifukwa cha clickbait), ndi magulu achipembedzo (kuti azilamulira kugonana). Mwamwayi, kaya mumakhulupirira kuonera zolaula n'koyenera kapena ayi, kuwonetsa kugonana ndi mafilimu kungayambitse vutoli. Ndipotu, a kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maphunziro onetsani kuti anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti "olaula" samayang'ana mafilimu achiwerewere kuposa anthu ena. Amangomva manyazi kwambiri chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo, omwe akukhudzana ndi kukula mu chipembedzo kapena chikhalidwe chogonana.

Yankho la #15 laperekedwa pamodzi yankho ku #19 pansipa, onse awiri akugwirizana ndi zojambula zolaula (CPUI-9) ndi nthano zozungulira izo ndi maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zindikirani: Chidziwitso chapamwamba pa ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yonyenga ngati ilipo Phunziro limodzi lokha lomwe linagwirizanitsa kudzidzidzimutsa monga chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe choletsera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zotsatira zake zikutsutsana ndi nkhani yomangidwa mosamala yonena za "chizolowezi chodziwika bwino" (kuti "zolaula ndizachipembedzo / kunyalanyaza kwamakhalidwe abwino") - zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamaphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito chida cholakwika chotchedwa CPUI-9. Pakafukufuku wokha wolumikizana mwachindunji, kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwambiri ndikudziyesa nokha monga chidakwa chinali nacho Maola owonetsera zolaula. Chipembedzo sichinali chopanda phindu, ndipo ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana pakati pa kudzidzimva monga chizoloŵezi ndi chizoloŵezi cha makhalidwe okhudza zolaula, chinali pafupifupi theka maola ogwiritsirana ntchito.

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EXCERPT #16: Kukakamizidwa sikofanana ndi matenda a "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" mu ICD-11

SLATE KUCHITA: Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kukakamiza si ambulera yomwe imaphatikizapo kuledzera. Kuledzera, kukakamiza, ndi kukhudzidwa ndizosiyana mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yankho yomwe imafuna chithandizo chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zizolowezi zoledzera kulosera zizindikiro zodzipatula, koma zowonongeka sizimangosonyeza kuti sizingatheke. Zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti ndi zonyansa kulosera chikhumbo champhamvu chochedwa kuchepetsa zisankho kapena kuchepetsa zosangalatsa zomwe akuyembekezerapo, pamene zitsanzo zamakakamiza zimalosera kusagwedera, kupirira koyenera.

Apanso Prause / Klein / Kohut amayesa kuika dzanja labwino. Akufuna kuti inu mukhulupirire kuti "kukakamiza" kumagwirizana ndi Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana matenda, ndi chifukwa chake ICD-11 imafuna kuteteza anthu opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kuti asagwiritse ntchito izo kuti azindikire omwe ali ndi zolaula ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Komabe, mawu awa sali ofanana, kutanthauza kuti tinganyalanyaze gawo #17 ndi mayesero ake osokoneza kuti asokoneze wowerenga.

Komabe tikufuna kufotokozera izi chifukwa ena omwe amatsutsa monga Prause / Klein / Kohut ndi anzawo akuwoneka kuti ali ndi zokakamiza iwowo. Amalimbikira kubweza zolaula monga "kukakamiza" - kutanthauza kuti sizingakhale "chizolowezi".

RE: "Kunyengerera si ambulera yomwe imaphatikizapo kuledzera. " Zimadalira amene mumamufunsa, koma funso losafunikira ndi ICD-11 Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana matenda. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa "Compulsive" mu chidziwitso chatsopano cha ICD-11 sikutanthawuza kutanthauza zokhudzana ndi ubongo wa CSBD: "anapitiriza kubwereza khalidwe la kugonana ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake zinali zovuta.”M'malo mwake“ Wokakamiza, ”monga momwe agwiritsidwira ntchito mu ICD-11, ndi mawu ofotokozera omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndi" chizolowezi ". (Mwachitsanzo katswiri wa Google amafufuza kukakamiza + kusuta kubwezeretsa zilembo za 130,000.)

Chidule #17 chimaonetsa kusadziŵa kwathunthu kwa mfundo yokhazikitsidwa bwino: The ICD ndi DSM machitidwe ali zofotokoza, makamaka machitidwe osagwirizana ndi ena. Amadalira kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zina pofuna kukhazikitsa matenda. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ICD ndi DSM sizikugwirizana ndi mfundo zina zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maganizo, kaya ndi kuvutika maganizo, schizophrenia, uchidakwa, kapena CSBD.

Choncho, zilizonse inu kapena wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala akufuna kuitcha - "kugonana," "chizolowezi chogonana," "chizoloŵezi chogonana," "kugonana kosalekeza," "kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti" - ngati zizoloŵezi zimalowa mkati mwa "Compulsive Sexual Disorder" kufotokozera, chikhalidwechi chingathe kupezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito matenda a ICD-11 CSBD.

Mwachidziwikiratu, momwe bungwe la Sosaiti Yopititsira patsogolo Kugonana kwa Umoyo Wogonana likufotokozedwa, a Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana ali pansi pa "kusokonezeka maganizo" kwa tsopano koma zomwe zingasinthe monga momwe zinachitira ku Gamchova Matenda.

Pakali pano, gulu la makolo la HIV / AIDS ndi Impulse Control Disorders, lomwe limaphatikizapo matenda monga Pyromania [6C70], Kleptomania [6C71] ndi Intermittent Explosive Disorder [6C73]. Komabe kukayikira kumakhalabe pa gulu loyenera. Monga Yale katswiri wa sayansi ya zaumoyo Marc Potenza MD PhD ndi Mateusz Gola PhD, wofufuzira pa Polish Academy of Sciences ndi University of California San Diego anati, "Njira yatsopano yothetsera matenda a CSB monga vuto lodzidzimutsa ndilotsutsana ndondomeko ...Pali deta yosonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi zoledzeretsa. " 7

Zingakhale zofunikira kudziwa kuti ICD-11 imaphatikizaponso matenda a Kutchova Juga pamavuto onsewa Chifukwa cha Ma Addictive Behaviors komanso pansi pa Impulse Control Disorder. Chifukwa chake, kugawa kwamagulu m'magulu azovuta Sitiyenera nthawi zonse kukhala ogwirizana.5 Magulu amatha kusintha nthawi. Kutchova Juga koyambirira kumadziwika kuti ndi vuto lazovuta mu DSM-IV komanso ICD-10, koma kutengera kupita patsogolo pakumvetsetsa kwamphamvu, Kutchova Juga kwatchulidwanso kuti "Matenda Okhudzana ndi Zinthu Zosokoneza Ubongo" (DSM-5) ndi "Kusokonezeka Chifukwa Chazomwe Zimachitika" (ICD-11). Ndizotheka kuti chatsopano Kufufuza kwa CSBD kungathenso njira yofanana yomwe ikukula monga Kutchova njuga kuli.

Ngakhale kuti CSBD ikuwoneka ngati mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, imayambira mu "Impulse Control Disorders" chifukwa cha ndale. Ndale pambali, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amene amafalitsa maphunziro a ubongo pa nkhani za CSB amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti nyumba yake ndi yoyenera. Kuchokera ku Lancet ndemanga, Kodi kugonana koopsa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo? (2017):

KleinMatenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi kugonana akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuperekedwa kwa ICD-11, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepetsera kugonana yomwe ikufunidwa pofuna kusokoneza vuto la kugonana pa tsamba la ICD-11. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

Mwa njira, ngakhale "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" pamapeto pake itasunthidwira ku gawo la "Disorder Chifukwa cha Khalidwe Loyeserera" litchulidwabe kuti "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder." Apanso, "kukakamira" sikofanana ndi matenda a CSBD.

RE: Kuledzera, kukakamiza, ndi kukhudzidwa ndizosiyana mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yankho yomwe imafuna chithandizo chosiyana.

Choyamba, chiyanjano chimapita ku pepala losokonezeka lomwe limatanthawuza "kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo" omwe amangochitika poyera zachibadwa zochitika za kugonana zowopsya, kuchita zochitika, komanso osamva kutentha kwambiri. Chitsanzo:

Kwenikweni, kugonana kumasonyeza kuti kuyendetsa khalidwe la kugonana kumaphatikizapo magawo anayi osiyana komanso osiyana omwe akufotokozedwa monga chilakolako cha kugonana, khalidwe la chiwerewere, kugonana, komanso kugonana kwachiwerewere.

Ndichoncho. Izi zimandilimbikitsa kulengeza mtundu wanga wazakudya, ndimagawo anayi otsatizana: kumva njala, kufuna kudya, kudya, kumva kukhuta komanso kuima. Magaziniyi inapempha anthu kuti afotokoze za “mchitidwe wogonana.” Ndikupangira izi: Kusiyanitsa Zithunzi Zowonongeka Zokhudza Sayansi za Kugonana Monga Chisokonezo.

Chachiwiri, maphunziro oledzera mobwerezabwereza amafotokoza kuti kuledzera kumaphatikizapo zigawo za onse kutengeka ndi kukakamiza. (Kusaka kwa Google Scholar kuledzeretsa + kusagwirizana + kumabwereza kubwereza 22,000.) Apa pali tanthauzo lophweka la kukhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza:

  • Kusakhudzidwa: Kuchita mofulumira popanda kulingalira kapena kukonzekera mokwanira poyankha zochitika zamkati kapena zakunja. Kukonzekera kovomerezeka kulandira malipiro ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kubwezeretsedwa ndikulephera kuletsa khalidwe lokhutira mutangoyamba.
  • Kukhwima: Akulozera kubwereza khalidwe limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malamulo ena kapena mwatsatanetsatane. Zizoloŵezi zimenezi zimapirira ngakhale pamene zikukumana ndi zotsatira zovuta.

Oyamba, ochita kafukufuku kawirikawiri zimasonyeza kuledzera monga kukula kuchokera zosafuna khalidwe lofunafuna zosangalatsa zizoloŵezi zobwerezabwereza zobwerezabwereza kupewa kupezeka (monga kupweteka kwa kuchotsa). Choncho, Kuledzera kumaphatikizapo zina mwa zonsezi, pamodzi ndi zinthu zina. Kotero kusiyana pakati pa "zitsanzo" za kukhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza monga momwe zimakhudzira CSBD zilibe kanthu koma kudulidwa.

Chachitatu, kuda nkhawa pazithandizo zosiyanasiyana pamtundu uliwonse ndi hering'i ofiira pomwe ICD-11 sivomereza chithandizo chilichonse cha CSBD kapena matenda aliwonse amisala kapena amthupi. Izi ndi zaumoyo. Mu pepala lake la 2018, "Mchitidwe wogonana mwachangu: Njira yopanda chilango, Membala wa gulu la CSBD a Jon Grant (katswiri yemweyo yemwe Prause / Klein / Kohut adamufotokozera koyambirira) adafotokoza za kusazindikira, kusiyanasiyana, zovuta zamankhwala komanso njira zingapo zamankhwala zokhudzana ndi matendawa a CSBD. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, Grant akuti Compulsive Sexual Behaeve amatchedwanso "chizolowezi chogonana" papepalalo!

"Sichizoloŵezi, ndikukakamiza." Izi zimatifikitsa ku kukakamiza 'kukakamiza' ndi 'kukakamiza' kukambirana. Bongo ndi kukakamizidwa ndi malemba onse omwe alowa m'chinenero chathu cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Mofanana ndi mawu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa komanso samamvetsetsedwa.

Potsutsana ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi zizolowezi, makamaka zolaula, okayikira nthawi zambiri amati zolaula ndizo 'kukakamiza' osati 'chizolowezi' chowona. Ena amalimbikira kunena kuti kuledzera kuli ngati "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Atafotokozedwanso kuti 'kukakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito X' kumasiyana bwanji ndimitsempha ndi 'chizolowezi cha X', kubwerera komwe anthu osadziwawa ndikuti "zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi mtundu chabe wa OCD." Sizowona.

Kafukufuku wambiri amasonyeza kuti kuledzera kumasiyana ndi OCD m'njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusiyana kwa maganizo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake DSM-5 ndi ICD-11 ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana owonetsera mavuto osadziletsa ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo. Maphunziro amatsimikizira kuti CSBD ili osati mtundu wa OCD. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi CSB omwe ali ndi OCD ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kuchokera Kulingalira ndi Kuunika kwa Matenda a Hypersexual: Kuwunika Mwadongosolo kwa Zolemba (2016)

Matenda osokoneza bongo amalingalira kuti kugonana kumakhala kovuta (40) chifukwa kafukufuku wina apeza anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere ali pa zovuta zowonongeka (OCD). OCD chifukwa cha khalidwe lachiwerewere sichigwirizana ndi matenda a DSM-5 (1) omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangodziwa. Ngakhale malingaliro okhudzidwa a mtundu wa OCD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugonana, kugwirizanitsidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapeto pa obsessions sikupangidwira zosangalatsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi lipoti la OCD amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso amanyazi m'malo mofuna chilakolako cha kugonana kapena kudzuka pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta ndi zobakamiza, ndipo izi zimangokhala kuti zisawonongeke maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamvetse. (41)

Kuyambira mu June, phunziro la 2018: Kuwonanso Udindo Wopanda Chidziwitso ndi Kumangokhalira Kukakamiza Kugonana:

Kafukufuku wochepa chabe adafufuza mayanjano pakati pa kukakamizidwa ndi chiwerewere. Amuna omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo [CSBD] osagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pokhapokha, nthawi yowonjezereka ya matenda osokoneza bongo-matenda opatsirana maganizo omwe amadziwika ndi kukakamiza-amachokera ku 0% mpaka 14%

Kusamala-komwe kungayambane ndi chizoloŵezi chokakamiza-mwa amuna ofunafuna mankhwala omwe ali ndi chiwerewere amapezeka kuti ali pamwamba pa gulu lofananitsa, koma kukula kwake kwa kusiyana kumeneku kunali kofooka. Pamene mgwirizano pakati pa msinkhu wotsutsana ndi chidziwitso cha DSM-IV (SCID-II) -ndipo chiwerengero cha kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chimafufuzidwa pakati pa amuna ofunafuna mankhwala omwe ali ndi matenda a hypersexual, gulu labwino, lofooka linapezedwa. Malingana ndi zotsatira zomwe tatchulazi, kukakamizidwa kumawoneka kuti kumawathandiza m'njira yocheperako kugonana [CSBD].

Phunziro lina, kukakamizidwa kwa anthu ambiri kunayesedwa potsutsana ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa amuna, kusonyeza mayanjano abwino koma ofooka. Pofufuza mu njira yovuta kwambiri, chiyanjano pakati pa chilakolako chachikulu ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizolowezi chogonana komanso kuledzera, komanso mowa kwambiri. Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, mayanjano pakati pa kukakamizidwa ndi kugonana ndi chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovuta zimaoneka ngati ofooka.

Pali kutsutsana kwamakono pa momwe mungaganizire zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana (monga kugonana ndi kugonana ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula), ndi zitsanzo zovuta zotsatizana zomwe zimapereka zigawo monga zovuta zowonongeka, zovuta zowonongeka, kapena zoledzeretsa. Ubale pakati pa transdiagnostic ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chilakolako ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana ziyenera kudziwitsa zoganizira, ngakhale zovuta komanso kukhudzidwa kwazinthu zakhala zikuphatikizidwa ndi kuledzera.

Kupeza kuti kusakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana kwachiwerewere kumapereka chithandizo ku magulu a chikhalidwe chogonana (monga momwe bungwe la ICD-11 linapangidwira; World Health Organization monga vuto loletsa kugonana kapena kukhala oledzera. Pokumbukira mavuto ena omwe akukambidwa posachedwapa monga vuto lakuthamanga (mwachitsanzo, matenda osokoneza bongo, pyromania, ndi kleptomania) ndi zigawo zofunikira kwambiri zokhudzana ndi khalidwe la kugonana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana chifukwa cha makhalidwe oipa (mwachitsanzo, njuga ndi mavuto a masewera), chikhalidwe cha matenda osokoneza bongo mu gawo lomaliza ikuwoneka bwinoko. (Kutsindika kumaperekedwa)

Pomalizira, maphunziro onse a thupi ndi a ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso osowa zolaula (omwe amatchulidwa kuti CSB) amafotokoza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga momwe amachitira kufufuza malipoti owonjezeka kapena kulekerera).

mu 2016 George F. Koob ndi Nora D. Volkow  adafalitsa zolemba zawo zovomerezeka The New England Journal of Medicine: Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Neurobiologic kuchokera ku ubongo wa ubongo. Koob ndiye Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol (NIAAA), ndipo Volkow ndiye mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Abuse (NIDA). Papepalali limalongosola kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumagwiridwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe, pamene akunena mu ndime yoyamba kuti zizoloŵezi za kugonana ziripo:

Timagwirizana kuti sayansi ya ubongo imapitirizabe kuchirikiza matenda a ubongo. Kafukufuku wa sayansi m'dera lino sikuti amapereka mwayi watsopano wopewa ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa ndi zoledzeretsa zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (mwachitsanzo, ku chakudya, kugonana, ndi njuga) ....

Pepala la Volkow & Koob lidalongosola kusintha kwamachitidwe anayi okhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo, omwe ndi: 1) Kusintha, 2) Kusintha, 3) Maulendo osayenerera operewera (chinyengo), 4) Kusokonezeka maganizo. Zonse za 4 za kusintha kwa ubongozi zakhala zikudziwika pakati pa maphunziro ambiri a zaumoyo ndi a m'maganizo otchulidwa pa tsamba ili:

  • Kafukufuku wolimbikitsa kulimbikitsa (kukonda-kuyambiranso & kulakalaka) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • Zofukufuku zomwe zimafotokoza kufunika kwa chilakolako kapena chizoloŵezi (zomwe zimapangitsa kulekerera) anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Maphunziro omwe amafotokoza zaoperewera oyang'anira (osatulutsa vuto) kapena omwe adasinthiratu kuchita zachiwerewere / ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
  • Zofukufuku zomwe zimasonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Kuponderezedwa kwa umboni wokhudzana ndi CSBD kumaphatikizapo njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

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EXCERPT #17: Owerenga zithunzi amatha kudzipatula komanso kulekerera

SLATE KUCHITA: Mwachitsanzo, zizolowezi zoledzera kulosera zizindikiro za kuchotsa, koma zowonongeka sizimangotchula kuti zidzatha. Zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti ndi zonyansa kulosera chikhumbo champhamvu chochedwa kuchepetsa zisankho kapena kuchepetsa zosangalatsa zomwe akuyembekezerapo, pamene zitsanzo zamakakamiza zimalosera kusagwedera, kupirira koyenera.

RE: zizindikiro zochotsera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, zizindikiritso zakusiyidwa sizifunikira kuti munthu azindikire kuti ali ndi vuto losuta. Choyamba, mupeza chilankhulo kuti "kulekerera kapena kusiya ndizofunikira kapena kokwanira kuti munthu adziwe matenda ake" mu DSM-IV-TR ndi DSM-5. Chachiwiri, kunena kuti zizolowezi "zenizeni" zimayambitsa zoopsa zochotsa matenda mwanjira yolakwika kudalira thupi ndi ubongo wokhudzana ndi mowa umasintha. Chidule cha zolembazi za 2015 izi zimapereka ndondomeko yowonjezera (Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso):

Mfundo yofunikira pazomweyi ndikuti kuchotsa sikutanthauza kuti thupi limachokera ku chinthu china. M'malo mwake, chitsanzochi chimasintha kuchoka pambali yolakwika chifukwa cha zomwe tatchulazi. Maganizo osokoneza maganizo monga nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, matenda a dysphoria, ndi kukhumudwa ndi zizindikiro za kuchotsa muzolowera [43,45]. Ochita kafukufuku amene amatsutsa malingaliro a khalidwe lakumwa nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza kapena samvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku, kusokoneza kusuta ndi kuchotsa mankhwala [46,47].

Ngakhalenso Prause, Klein, kapena Kohut sanatulukepo kafukufuku, ndipo amasonyeza. Ponena kuti zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi kulekerera ziyenera kukhalapo kuti apeze matenda omwe amachititsa kuti vutoli lisokonezeke kudalira thupi ndi osokoneza. Mawu awa sakufanana.

Mwachitsanzo, mamiliyoni a anthu amatenga mankhwala azambiri monga ma opioid a ululu wosatha, kapena prednisone yamatenda amthupi. Ubongo wawo ndi ziwalo zawo zakhala zikudalira pa iwo, ndipo kusiya kwantchito nthawi yomweyo kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zazikulu. Komabe samakhala osokoneza bongo. Kuledzera kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwamaubongo komwe kumadziwika bwino komwe kumabweretsa zomwe timadziwa kuti ndi "bongo phenotype". Ngati kusiyana sikudziwikiratu, ndikupangira izi Ndondomeko yosavuta ya NIDA:

Kuledzera — kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosasamala kanthu za zotsatirapo zake zoipa — kumadziwika ndi kulephera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala; kulephera kukwaniritsa ntchito, chikhalidwe, kapena banja; ndipo, nthawi zina (kutengera mankhwala), kulolerana ndi kusiya. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kudalira kwakuthupi komwe thupi limasinthira mankhwalawo, kumafuna zochulukirapo kuti likwaniritse zina (kulolerana) ndikulimbikitsa zizindikiritso zakuthupi kapena zamaganizidwe ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kutha mwadzidzidzi (kusiya). Kudalira kwakuthupi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosalekeza-kuphatikiza mankhwala ambiri, ngakhale atatengedwa monga momwe adalangizira. Chifukwa chake, kudalira thupi pakokha sikutanthauza kusuta, koma nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi kuledzera.

Izo zinati, kufufuza zolaula pa intaneti ndi ambiri odzimva Onetsani kuti anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawona achire ndi / kapena kulolerana - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodalira thupi. M'malo mwake, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amafotokoza modabwitsa zizindikiro za kuchotsa, zomwe zimakumbukira zochotsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo: kusowa tulo, nkhawa, kukwiya, kusinthasintha maganizo, kupweteka mutu, kupuma, kusautsika, kutopa, kukhumudwa, kufooka kwaumphawi komanso kutaya mwadzidzidzi kwa libido zomwe anyamata amachitcha 'flatline' (zooneka ngati zosiyana ndi zochotsa zolaula). Chisonyezero china cha kudalira mwathupi komwe amauzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafuna kuti zolaula zikhale ndi erection kapena kukhala ndi mtundu.

Kusintha chizindikiro (CSBD) kapena "mtundu" (mwachitsanzo, kutengeka mtima) komwe kwawagwiritsa ntchito sikusintha zomwe akunena. (Onani Kodi kuchotsa zolaula kumaoneka bwanji? ndi PDF iyi ndi malipoti a "zizindikiro za kuchotsa. "

Thandizo lamphamvu? Kafukufuku aliyense yemwe amatsutsana, adanenanso za zomwe achotsedwe: Kafukufuku 10 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani zajambulazi kuchokera ku kafukufuku wapa 2017 yemwe akunena za chitukuko ndi kuyesedwa kwa a zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito mafunso. Onani kuti umboni wokhudzana ndi "kulekerera" ndi "kuchotsa" umapezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pangozi komanso ogwiritsa ntchito pangozi.

Klein

Papepala la 2018 lomwe linanenedwa Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kutsimikizirika kwa Bergen-Yale Kugonjetsa Kugonana Kwachidule Ndi Chitsanzo Chachikulu Chachidziko adayesanso kusiya ndi kulekerera. Zowonjezeka kwambiri za "chizolowezi chogonana" zomwe zimawoneka m'maphunzirowa zinali zolimba mtima / zolakalaka komanso kulolerana, koma zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kusiya, zidawonetsanso. Kafukufuku wowonjezera wonena za kuchotsedwa kapena kulolerana ndi anasonkhanitsidwa pano.

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EXCERPT #18: Nkhani ya "Business Insider" ndiyomwe muyenera kungogwirizira zomwe mumanena?

SLATE KUCHITA: "Kugonana ndi kugonana" kunali mwachindunji osatulutsidwa ku ICD-11 chifukwa cha umboni wosakwanira. Chisankho ichi chikugwirizana ndi maganizo a akatswiri asanu ndi limodzi mabungwe ali nawo kuchipatala komanso akatswiri ofufuza, zomwe zinapezanso umboni wosakwanira wovomereza lingaliro lakuti kugonana kapena zolaula kumamwa.

Ponena za kutsimikizira kuti, "Kugonana ndi kugonana" kunali mwachindunji osatulutsidwa ku ICD-11 chifukwa cha umboni wosakwanira, kwenikweni, ayi, sizinali choncho. Monga tafotokozera kwina kulikonse, ngakhale ICD-11 kapena APA's DSM-5 sanagwiritsepo ntchito liwu loti "kuledzera" pofotokoza za chizolowezi - kaya ndikutchova juga, kapena bongo. Mabuku awiriwa amatenga matenda monga "zovuta" m'malo mwake. (Zambiri zakusiyidwa kwapadera kwa "Hypersexual Disorder" kuchokera ku DSM-5 zikupezeka pamwambapa pamutu wa Excerpt # 1.) Chifukwa chake, "chizolowezi chogonana" sichinaganiziridwepo kuti chiziphatikizidwa mu bukuli (ndipo chifukwa chake sanakane) mwina).

Koyamba koyamba, ikupita mwachidule Business Insider Nkhani, osati ku lipoti la boma la WHO. Ndichoncho. Mauthenga otchuka ndi onse Slate Nkhaniyi ikuthandizira malingaliro a olemba. Ngakhale zili choncho, a Prause / Klein / Kohut amayenera kuti adawerenga nkhaniyi asadalire, monga wasayansi yekhayo amene ananena kuti zizolowezi zakugonana zilipo:

Robert Lustig wazamasayansi adanena Business Insider kumayambiriro chaka chino Zinthu zambiri zomwe zingabweretse chisangalalo, monga kugula, kudya, kusewera masewera apakanema, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti zonse zimakhala ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. "Imachita zomwezo ku mitsempha yanu yapakati monga mankhwala onsewa," adatero. "Sizimangokhala mbali ya manjenje yotumphukira. Izi sizimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta. Zimangokhala chizolowezi chomangogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma ndikuti umangokhala chizolowezi chopanda phindu. ”

Chifukwa chiyani sanatero Slate Nkhani ikugwirizana ndi magazini ya sayansi, monga 2017 iyi Lancet ndemanga, wovomerezedwa ndi membala wa gulu la a CSBD, Shane Kraus, Ph.D? Chabwino, chifukwa Lancet ndemanga imanena umboni wovomerezeka zogwiriziza CSBD ikuwerengedwa ngati matenda osokoneza bongo:

Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

Ma ICD-11 Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana Matendawa ali pansi pa "kusokoneza maganizo" pakalipano, koma izi zingasinthe mtsogolomu, monga momwe zinakhalira ku Gambling Disorder. Mu Nkhani yodalirikayi ikugwira ntchito oimira WHO, Masamba a Kraus amatsegula mwayi woti CSBD pamapeto pake idzaikidwa mgulu la "Disorders Because of Addictive Behaeve" m'buku lofufuza za World Health Organisation.

Ndipo monga Kraus akunena, "Izi sizitanthauza kuthetsa komaliza, koma ndi malo oyambira kufufuza ndi chithandizo kwa anthu."

Mulimonse inu kapena wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala akufuna kutchula izi - "chiwerewere," "zolaula," "chizolowezi chogonana," "machitidwe ogonana osalamulirika," "chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti" - ngati zikhalidwezo zigwera mu "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" malongosoledwe, matendawa amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-11 nambala ya CSBD.

Re: "mabungwe asanu ndi amodzi ogwira ntchito." Kwenikweni, a Slate Nkhaniyi inapereka mauthenga a 3 ku "mabungwe ogwira ntchito" ndipo imodzi imagwirizanitsa ndi post ya 2012 David Ley za DSM-5 yosiya Hypersexual Disorder (yomwe inakambidwa pansi ndemanga #1). Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane thandizo lochititsa chidwi ili.

Lumikizanani #1: Liwu likupita ku chidziwitso chosaneneka cha 2016 AASECT. AASECT si bungwe la sayansi ndipo silinatchulidwe kanthu kuti zithandizire zowonjezera pamasulidwe ake - kutembenuza maganizo ake opanda pake.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chidziwitso cha AASECT chinasunthidwa ndi Michael Aaron ndi anthu ena a AASECT omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "njira zamatsenga" monga Aroni adavomerezera Psychology Today positi pa blog: Kusanthula: Momwe AASECT Kugonjetsera Kugonana Kwadongosolo Kunalengedwa. Chidule chakufotokozera izi Kujambula AASECT "Udindo pa Zolakolako Zogonana, afotokozera mwachidule chikhomo cha blog:

Kupeza kulekerera kwa AASECT "chizolowezi chogonana" kukhala "wachinyengo kwambiri," mu 2014 Dr. Aaron adayamba kuthetseratu kuchirikiza lingaliro la "chizolowezi chogonana" pagulu la AASECT. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake, a Dr. Aaron akuti adafesa dala mikangano pakati pa mamembala a AASECT kuti awulule omwe ali ndi malingaliro omwe amatsutsana ndi ake, kenako kuti athetse malingaliro amenewo poyendetsa bungweli kuti likane "chizolowezi chogonana lachitsanzo. ” Dr. Aaron adalungamitsa kugwiritsa ntchito "zigawenga, zigawenga [Sic] njira "poyesa kuti anali kutsutsana ndi" makampani opindulitsa "omwe amatsatira" njira yogwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere "zomwe zimamulepheretsa kuti asapititse kumbali yake ndi malingaliro ndi chifukwa. M'malo mwake, pofuna kusintha "mwamsanga" mu "mauthenga" a AASECT, adafuna kuonetsetsa kuti mauthenga okhudzana ndi kugonana osagwirizana nawo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pazokambirana za kusintha kwa AASECT.

Kudzitama kwa Dr. Aaron kumadutsa mopanda pake. Nthawi zambiri anthu samanyadira, makamaka kufalitsa, kupondereza mkangano wa maphunziro ndi sayansi. Ndipo zikuwoneka zosamvetsetseka kuti Dr. Aaron anathera nthawi ndi ndalama kuti akhale CST chovomerezedwa ndi bungwe lomwe adawona "chinyengo kwambiri" patatha chaka chimodzi atalowa nawo (ngati si kale). Ngati zili choncho, ndi Dr. Aaron amene amawoneka achinyengo pamene akutsutsa "kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere" opaleshoni pokhala ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito mu "chizoloŵezi chogonana", pamene, mwachiwonekere, ali ndi ndalama zofananamo pofuna kulimbikitsa maganizo ake otsutsa

Ndemanga zambiri ndi ndemanga zimasonyeza kufotokoza kwa AASECT pa zomwe ziri zenizeni: ndale zogonana:

Lumikizanani #2: Lumikizoli lipita ku zomwe a Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA). Palibe paliponse pomwe mawuwa akuti chiwerewere kulibe. M'malo mwake ATSA ikutikumbutsa kuti kugonana kosagwirizana ndi kuchitira nkhanza (monga Harvey Weinstein) ndipo "mwina ... osati chifukwa cha chizolowezi chogonana." Zowona zenizeni.

Lumikizanani #3: Liwu likupita ku November, chiganizo cha udindo wa 2017 ndi mabungwe atatu omwe sali opindulitsa a kink. 'Umboni' umene iwo adatchula unali mzere wokhutira mwachindunji ndi mndandanda wa zotsatirazi: Kusokoneza pepala la "pepala la gulu" loletsa zolaula ndi kugonana (November, 2017).

Pomwepo, zikuwoneka kuti mabungwe onse a AASECT ndi 3 kink adatulutsa zilengezo zawo poyesetsa kwambiri kuti athetse matenda a "CSBD" atsopano kuti asalowe mu ICD-11. Mwachiwonekere, akatswiri a World Health Organisation sanatengeredwe ndi kambuku wamtunduwu wopangidwa mogwirizana, monga matenda atsopanowa imapezeka muzitsulo zothandizira ya ICD-11.

Lumikizanani #4: Ulalo umapita Kusokoneza Ubongo: Wotsutsidwa Komabe ndi APA. Matenda Ogonana Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito Amodzi Sadzaphatikizidwa mu DSM5. Ichi David Ley post ndi chochititsa chidwi chifukwa chimapereka njira yothandizira yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse Slate Nkhani ya Ley's close partners. Pamene DSM-5 inakana kuti ambulera yodwala matenda a "Hypersexual Disorder" Ley ndi chums yake ankajambula ngati "Kugonana kwachiwerewere. ” Komabe pamene ICD-11 idaphatikizapo ambulera yodziwika kuti "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" adazijambula monga kupatulapo "Kugonana kwachiwerewere. "Bwanji mukudandaula za kusagwirizana kwa mkati, chabwino? Tangonena kuti wakuda ndi woyera, ndi kubwereza mu tweets, pamndandanda ndi Facebook ndi nkhani ngati izi ndi Klein / Kohut / Prause.

Chotsatira, bwererani kumayendedwe anu pogwiritsa ntchito kampani yodula ya PR. Itha kukupangitsani inu ndi mabodza anu kuyikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana owulutsa, kukuwonetsani ngati akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zilibe kanthu ngati simuli wophunzira, simunakhale ndi yunivesite kwazaka zambiri, kapena mutalandira PhD yanu kuchokera ku bungwe losavomerezeka la kugonana.

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ZOCHITIKA # 15 & # 19: The Kuphunzira kokha kumagwirizanitsa "kudzidzidzimutsa ngati munthu wodetsa zolaula" pogwiritsa ntchito maola ambiri, chipembedzo ndi kukana makhalidwe anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndiko njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwiritsira kuti mumakonda kwambiri zolaula

SLATE KUCHITA: Kulankhula ndi mtima wa vutoli, vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi manyazi. Zonyansa zokhudza mafilimu opatsirana pogonana zimatengedwa pagulu ndi makampani ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (chifukwa cha phindu), ndi ofalitsa (chifukwa cha clickbait), ndi magulu achipembedzo (kuti azilamulira kugonana). Mwamwayi, kaya mumakhulupirira kuonera zolaula n'koyenera kapena ayi, kuwonetsa kugonana ndi mafilimu kungayambitse vutoli. Ndipotu, a kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maphunziro onetsani kuti anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti "olaula" samayang'ana mafilimu achiwerewere kuposa anthu ena. Amangomva manyazi kwambiri chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo, omwe akukhudzana ndi kukula mu chipembedzo kapena chikhalidwe chogonana.

SLATE KUCHITA: Chigamulo chophatikiza chiwerewere ku ICD-11 chikutipangitsa kukhala osamvetsetseka chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko yeniyeni yomwe idasankhidwa siinayesedwepo. Makamaka, ICD-11 imanena kuti aliyense amene akuvutika maganizo chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo lachiwerewere kawirikawiri chifukwa cha "ziweruzo za makhalidwe abwino ndipo amadana nazo zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zolimbikitsa, kapena khalidwe" sayenera kupezeka. Komabe, ziweruziro za makhalidwe ndi kusayamika ndizo zowoneka bwino kwambiri za munthu amene amakhulupirira kuti akuledzera ku zolaula poyamba.

Zotsatirazi zikuphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi zolemba zina 15 ndi 19 onse awiri akugwirizana ndi zojambula zolaula (CPUI-9) ndi maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zindikirani: Chidziwitso chachikulu chomwe chikufotokozedwa muzinthu zonsezi ndi zabodza monga momwe zilili Phunziro limodzi lokha lomwe linagwirizanitsa kudzidzidzimutsa monga chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe choletsera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zotsatira zake zikutsutsana ndi nkhani yomangidwa mosamala yonena za "chizolowezi chomwa chizolowezi" (kuti "zolaula ndizachipembedzo chabe / kunyalanyaza kwamakhalidwe abwino") - zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamaphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito
Chida chopanda pake chotchedwa CPUI-9. Mu phunziro lokha lokhazikitsidwa molunjika, kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi kudzidzimva nokha monga chidakwa kunali Maola owonetsera zolaula. Chipembedzo sichinali chopanda phindu, ndipo ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana pakati pa kudzidzimva monga chizoloŵezi ndi chizoloŵezi cha makhalidwe okhudza zolaula, chinali pafupifupi theka maola ogwiritsirana ntchito.

Pano ife tikupereka mwachidule mndandanda wa Yoswa Grubbs questionnaire (CPUI-9), nthano ya "kuwonetsa zolaula zolaula," ndi zomwe deta yoyenera ikuwulula. Popeza izi zimaphatikizapo intaneti yovuta komanso yokhala ndi zigawo zambiri, nkhani zitatu ndi mafotokozedwe amapangidwa kuti afotokoze momveka bwino maphunziro a CPUI-9:

Kuti mumvetse momwe Kafukufuku wokhayokha amalepheretsa maphunziro onse a CPUI-9, maziko ena ndi othandiza. Mawu akuti "kuwonetsa zolaula" sakusonyeza china choposa chiwerengero: chiwerengero chonse cha zithunzi zolaula zomwe zili m'kati mwa 9-chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwe ali ndi mafunso atatu osiyana nawo. Kuzindikira kwakukulu ndikuti CPUI-9 imaphatikizapo 3 mafunso "olakwa ndi manyazi / maganizo" osati kawirikawiri amapezeka mu zida zoledzera. Izi zimalepheretsa zotsatira zake, kuwonetsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti azigwiritsira ntchito apamwamba ndi osagwiritsa ntchito zipembedzo kuti azichepera mmunsi kusiyana ndi nkhani zomwe zimachitika pazowonongeka zowonongeka. Sizimasiyanitsa tirigu ndi mankhusu anazindikira vs. chenicheni kuledzera. Kapena CPUI-9 siyiyesa leni zolaula moyenera.

Gawo Loyamba Kukakamizidwa

  1. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa Intaneti.
  2. Ndikumva kuti sindingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.
  3. Ngakhale pamene sindikufuna kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ndimamva kuti ndikuyandikira

Gawo la Mayesero Opeza

  1. Nthaŵi zina, ndimayesetsa kukonza ndondomeko yanga kuti ndikhale ndekha kuti ndione zolaula.
  2. Ndakana kukakhala ndi anzanga kapena kupita kuntchito zina kuti ndipeze zolaula.
  3. Ndaika zofunikira kwambiri kuti ndiziona zolaula.

Kusokonezeka Maganizo Section

  1. Ndimachita manyazi ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.
  2. Ndimaona kuti ndikuvutika maganizo chifukwa choona zolaula pa intaneti.
  3. [Ndipo] ndimadwala ndikamaonera zolaula pa intaneti.

Ophunzira sayenera "kudziyesa okha ngati olaula" muphunziro lililonse la Grubbs: Iwo amangoyankha mafunso a 9 pamwambapa, ndi kupeza chiwerengero chonse.

Mawu oti "zolaula zolaula" akusocheretsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mphotho yopanda tanthauzo pachida chomwe chimabweretsa zotsatira zosokonekera. Koma anthu atero akuganiza amamvetsetsa tanthauzo la "chizolowezi choledzeretsa". Iwo amaganiza kuti zikutanthauza kuti wopanga CPUI-9, Grubbs, adapeza njira yosiyanitsira "chizolowezi" chenicheni ndi "kukhulupirira kuledzera." Iye anali asanatero. Anali atangopereka kumene chinyengo ku "zolaula zake," CPUI-9. Grubbs sanayesetse kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza ntchito yake yomwe idafalikira munyuzipepala, kukakamizidwa ndi odana ndi zolaula omwe amagonana ndi anzawo komanso atolankhani awo.

Otsutsa osocheretsa mwachidule anafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za CPUI-9 monga:

  • Kukhulupirira zolaula ndizo zimayambitsa mavuto anu, osati zolaula.
  • Owerenga zolaula sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ngakhale atapanga ma Grubbs CPUI-9) - amakhala ndi manyazi basi.

Msewu: Mafunso okhumudwitsa (7-9) amachititsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula azipeza apamwamba kwambiri komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula azitsika kwambiri, komanso kupanga kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa "kukana kwamakhalidwe" ndi kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chodziwika") . Kuyika mwanjira ina, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuchokera ku mafunso a CPUI-9 1-6 (omwe amawona zizindikiro za leni kuledzera), mgwirizano umasintha kwambiri - ndi nkhani zonse zopanda pake zomwe zimanena kuti manyazi ndizo "zenizeni" zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula sizikanalembedwa.

Kuti tiyang'ane mgwirizano wochepa wowulula, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito deta kuchokera pa pepala la 2015 Grubbs ("Kupepesa Monga Chizolowezi: Kukhulupirira Zipembedzo ndi Kusayendetsa Makhalidwe Monga Otsutsa a Kulimbana Ndi Zolaula"). Limaphatikiza maphunziro osiyana a 3 ndi dzina lake lodzudzula likusonyeza kuti chipembedzo ndi chisokonezo cha makhalidwe "chifukwa" chikhulupiliro cha zolaula zolaula.

Malangizo omvetsetsa chiwerengero patebulo: Zero amatanthawuza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiri; 1.00 imatanthauza mgwirizano wathunthu pakati pa mitundu iwiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa 2.

Mu mgwirizano woyambawu tikuwona momwe makhalidwe oipa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi 3 kuweruzidwa ndi mafunso amanyazi (Chisokonezo Chakumtima), komabe zofooka ndi zigawo zina ziwiri zomwe zimayesa zowonongeka (mafunso 1-6). Mafunso Ovutika maganizo amachititsa kuti munthu asavomereze makhalidwe abwino kuti akhale ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha CPUI-9.

Koma ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mafunso enieni okhaokha okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6), mgwirizano ndi wokongola kwambiri ndi Kusayenerera Khalidwe (mwa kulankhula-sayansi, Kusayenerera Khalidwe ndizovuta kuwonetsa zolaula).

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi ndi momwe 3 Emotional Distress yofananayo imagwirizanirana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito a zolaula, pomwe mafunso enieni okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6) amagwirizana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito olaula.

Izi ndi momwe vuto la 3 lachisoni likufunsa mafunso. Zimayambitsa kugwirizanitsa pakati pa "maola olaula" ndi ma CPUI-9 onse ("kuyerekezedwa"). Kenaka, chiwerengero cha zigawo zonse za 3 za mayeso a CPUI-9 amanyengedwanso mwatsatanetsatane monga "chizoloŵezi chowoneka" ndi Grubbs. Pomwepo, ndi anthu omwe amatsutsa zolaula, "chizoloŵezi chodziletsa" chimakhala "kudziwonetsera ngati chiwerewere." Otsutsawo athandizira kuti pakhale mgwirizano wolimba ndi khalidwe losavomerezeka, lomwe CPUI-9 nthawizonse amapanga, ndi chotsani! iwo tsopano amati, "chikhulupiliro cha zolaula zolaula sizonyansa chabe!"

Ndi nyumba ya makadi omangidwa pa 3 kumlandu komanso funso losautsa lomwe silinapezepo muyeso ina iliyonse yowonongeka, kuphatikizapo nthawi yosokoneza yomwe wolemba mafunso akugwiritsa ntchito poyesa mafunso ake a 9 (monga chiwerengero cha "kuwonetsa zolaula").

Nyumba ya CPUI-9 ya makhadi inagwa pansi ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 omwe amawononga kwambiri CPUI-9 ngati chida choyesa "kuona zolaula zolaula" kapena chizoloŵezi chenicheni chowonetsa zolaula: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera-Zithunzi za 9 Zimasonyeza Kukhumudwa Kwenizeni pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito? Kufufuza Ntchito Yodziletsa. Inapezanso kuti 1 / 3 ya mafunso a CPUI-9 sayenera kubwezeretsanso zotsatira zokhudzana ndi "kukana makhalidwe," "zipembedzo," komanso "maola olaula." Mukuwona mbali zonse zofunikira panokoma Fernandez et al., 2018 zowerengera zinthu:

Chachiwiri, zomwe tinazipeza zimakayikira za kuyenerera kwa kuphatikiza kwa Emotional Distress subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9. Monga momwe nthawi zonse anapezera maphunziro ambiri (mwachitsanzo, Grubbs et al., 2015a, c), zomwe tinazipeza zinasonyezanso kuti nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito IP sikunali mgwirizano ndi zovuta za mumtima. Chofunika kwambiri, kudzikakamiza kwenikweni monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito phunziroli (kusayesayesa kuyesa kudziletsa) kusakhala ndi ubale ndi zovuta za mumtima.

Mavuto Akumtima Ambiri amatsutsika kwambiri ndi makhalidwe oipa, mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo omwe adapezekanso pakati pa awiri (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016) .... Zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo Chisokonezo cha Emotional subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9 kungapangitse zotsatira mwazimene zimasokoneza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP omwe samatsutsa zolaula, ndipo amachititsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a IP Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zovuta zodzikakamiza, koma khalidwe loipa la zolaula.

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa Chisokonezo cha Emotional Distcale chinachokera pachiwerengero cha "Chilungamitso" choyambirira chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka ndi anthu achipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2010), ndipo ntchito yake ndi anthu omwe si achipembedzo sichidziwika chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatira zokhudzana ndi izi.

Nazi pano ndi Kupeza maziko: Mafunso a 3 "Mavuto Akumtima" musakhale nawo mu CPUI-9, kapena mafunso aliwonse okhudza zolaula. Mafunso olakwa ndi manyazi amachitanso osati Kufufuza zovuta zowononga zolaula kapena "kuganizira zauchidakwa." Mafunso awa a 3 amangotenga ziwerengero zonse za CPUI-9 kwa anthu achipembedzo potsutsa ziwerengero zonse za CPUI-9 chifukwa cha anthu osakonda zachiwerewere.

Mwachidule, ziganizo ndi zonena zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi CPUI-9 ndizosafunikira kwenikweni. Joshua Grubbs anapanga funso loti silingathe, ndipo sizinayambe zitsimikizirika, poyang'ana "zodziwika" kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi chenicheni: CPUI-9. Ndi zero sayansi yolingalira he alembedwanso CPUI-9 yake ndi "kafukufuku wovuta kuonera zolaula".

Chifukwa CPUI-9 imaphatikizapo mafunso osokoneza bongo a 3 owona za kudziimba ndi manyazi, Owerenga zolaula za CPUI-9 amawoneka pamwamba. Kukhalapo kwa mapepala apamwamba a CPUI-9 kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula achipembedzo kenaka kudyetsedwa kwa wailesi monga chonena kuti, "anthu achipembedzo amakhulupirira kuti amamwa zolaula"Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi maphunziro angapo Kugwirizana ndi makhalidwe a CPUI-9. Popeza kuti anthu achipembedzo monga gulu amalephera kukonda makhalidwe, ndipo (motero) CPUI-9, ilo linatchulidwa (popanda chithandizo chenichenicho) chotsutsana ndi makhalidwe achipembedzo ndicho koona chifukwa cha zolaula zolaula. Izi ndizomwe zimatuluka, ndipo sizinayesedwe ngati za sayansi.

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EXCERPT #20: Kafukufuku wonenedwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi zolaula monga ndalama zake ndipo amalipiridwa ndi kampani yotsutsana yomwe ikuyesa kutsimikizira njira zake zogulira mtengo kwambiri ... eya, zomwe zingawonongetse zolaula

SLATE KUCHITA: Chofunika kwambiri, tilibe kafukufuku wa ma laboratory pazochitika zenizeni za kugonana kwa iwo omwe amafotokoza vutoli. Phunziro loyamba la zochitika zogonana zogonana pakati pa labotale, zomwe zimayesa njira yokakamiza, ndizo zowonongeka ndi anzawo pa magazini ya sayansi. (Kuwululidwa: Mmodzi mwa olemba mabukuwa, Nicole Prause, ndiye mlembi wamkulu wa phunziroli.) Bungwe la World Health Organization liyenera kuyembekezera kuona ngati sayansi ina imapereka chidziwitso chodziwika bwino asanayambe kupha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

“Tilibe maphunziro a labotale?” Ayi sichoncho. Pali maphunziro ambiri a labotale omwe amafalitsidwa pazomwe zolaula zimakhudza owonera (zomwe zalembedwa Ndemanga #9). Chofunika kwambiri, pali 50 "maphunziro a labotale" kuyesa ntchito za ubongo ndi zomangamanga mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso omwe ali ndi CSB.

Tili nawo mazana a maphunziro pa akuluakulu kulumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zenizeni pazotsatira zoyipa zosiyanasiyana monga kukondana kochepera, chisudzulo, kupatukana, kusokonekera kwaubwenzi, kulumikizana kwambiri, kulumikizana kochepera, kugonana pang'ono, kusokonekera kwa erectile, anorgasmia, libido yochepa, kuyimitsidwa , kuperewera pang'ono, kukumbukira kukumbukira ovutika, kusungulumwa, kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kulumikizana, kukhumudwa, malingaliro osagwirizana, kukondana, kuchepa kwa ubale, kukhudzika kwa kulumikizana ndi kugonana komanso kuda nkhawa.

Mofananamo, a kafukufuku Zimagwirizanitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zenizeni pamalingaliro amthupi olakwika, kusakhutira kwambiri ndimisala, mafuta amthupi ndi kutalika, kupsinjika kopitilira muyeso, nkhawa zambiri zakugonana, kusasangalala pang'ono ndi machitidwe apamtima, kuwonjezeka kwanyengo yakugonana, kulumikizana kwabwino kwa onse awiri, kuchepa kwa malingaliro azimayi kuthekera / chikhalidwe / umunthu, kutaya mtima kwa amayi ngati omwe agwiriridwa, kukhulupirira kwambiri kuti azimayi ndi zinthu zogonana, malingaliro opitilira muyeso pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, nkhanza zogonana, kutsutsa kuchitapo kanthu, nkhanza ku nkhanza zakugonana, kuganiza za amayi monga zinthu zomwe zilipo pofuna kukhutiritsa chilakolako cha abambo, kutsatira kwambiri chikhulupiliro chakuti mphamvu pa akazi ndiyofunika, kutsata pang'ono "kugonana kwa vanila", kufunika kowonjezeka kwatsopano komanso kosiyanasiyana…. ndi zina zambiri.

Tili ndi pa maphunziro a 270 pa achinyamata Kuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi zinthu monga ophunzirira osauka, malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana, chiwawa, umphawi, ubale wosauka, kuchepetsa moyo, kuona anthu ngati zinthu, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu, chiwawa chachikulu cha kugonana, nkhaŵa yosadziwika , kugwirizanitsa kugonana, kuchepetsa kugonana, kuchepetsa kugonana, kudziletsa, kudziletsa, kudziletsa, khalidwe laukali, kusokoneza maganizo, kusiyana maganizo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, zowonjezereka komanso zosayirira, makhalidwe osayenera, olemera kumwa, kumenyana, zizindikiro za ADHD, kuperewera kwa chidziwitso, kugonana kwakukulu, komanso kuchepetsa chiwerewere, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwaukwati, kulimbikitsa kuvomereza kwa amuna ndi ukapolo wa akazi, kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi, okhulupilira nkhanza zachigololo komanso zachigololo .... ndi zambiri zambiri.

Kodi Pemphero la "Prayatory" lomwe likubweralo lidzayambe "kupatulapo maphunziro ambirimbiri omwe adachitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi? Zomwe sizingatheke monga tikudziwira kale za kafukufuku yemwe akubwera pa "zizoloŵezi zogonana zogonana." Zonsezi ndi zolemba zamalonda zopindulitsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kafukufukuyu akhala akulira kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi abwenziwo azichita chiyani mububu? Kodi awiriwa adzaonera zolaula? Ayi. Kodi phunzirolo liri ndi kagulu ka anthu owonetsa zithunzi zolaula komanso gulu lotsogolera? Ayi. Izi ndi mafunso ofunika, chifukwa Prause EEG yophunzira kwambiri anali ndi zolakwika zingapo zolakwika: 1) maphunziro anali osagwirizana (amuna, akazi, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha); Zithunzi za 2) zinali osayang'aniridwa ndi matenda kapena matenda oledzera; Kuphunzira kwa 3) kunali palibe gulu lolamulira poyerekezera; Mayankho a 4) anali zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula kapena zolaula. 5) Ambiri mwa maphunzirowa omwe amatchedwa ozunguza bongo amaliseche sanali kwenikweni zolaula. Ngakhale izi zidanenedwa molakwika pazomwe apeza, monga pulofesa wa maphunziro a psychology a John A. Johnson akufotokozera ndemanga ziwiri zosiyana poyankhulana ndi a Nicole Prause pa Psychology Today (ndemanga #1, ndemanga #2 {https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/542939#comment-542939}).

M'malo mwake, zisonyezo zonse zomwe zilipo ndikuti anthu omwe amagwirizana nawo sangachite chilichonse chogwirizana ndi nkhaniyi ndi Prause / Kohut / Klein. Izi ndi zomwe tikudziwa za izi zomwe sizinasindikizidwebe: Pembedzero lidatumizidwa ndi kampani yaku California kuti tsamba lake la webusayiti ndi lomwe limapeza ndalama zambiri, Orgasmic Meditation (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 'OM' ndi 'OneTaste'), kuti aphunzire maubwino am'magulu am'magazi . Kuchokera pa tsamba la Prause's Liberos:

Zotsatira zamitsempha ndi maubwino azaumoyo posinkhasinkha pamalingaliro ”Wofufuza Wamkulu, Zowongolera mwachindunji: $350,000, Kutalika: zaka 2, OneTaste Foundation, Co-Ofufuza: Greg Siegle, Ph.D.

OneTaste imalipira chindapusa chambiri popita kumisonkhano yomwe ophunzira amatenga nawo mbali "kusinkhasinkha" (momwe angapwetekere makutu azimayi). Kampaniyi idalandira posachedwa, kuwulula mbiri (ndipo ikupezeka kufufuzidwa ndi FBI). Nayi nkhani:

Kampani ya OM / OneTaste ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito maphunzilo amtsogolo a Prause kuti "athandize" malonda awo kumalo atsopano. Malingana ndi nkhani ya Bloomberg Mdima Wofiira wa Company Orgasmic Meditation,

Mkulu wa bungwe la news akuonetsa kuti maphunziro a OneTaste athandizidwa pa zaumoyo za OM, zomwe zawerengedwa m'magulu a 130 a strokers ndi strokees, zidzatulutsa makamu atsopano. Okonzedwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku yunivesite ya Pittsburgh, a phunziro akuyembekezeredwa kupereka kalata yoyamba pamapepala pamapeto chaka chino. "Sayansi yomwe ikubwera kuti ibwerere zomwe izi ndi zomwe phindu lidzakhale lalikulu pakukula," Van Vleck akuti

Mosasamala kanthu kuti bizinesi yofufuza ya OM ya Prause ikulankhula za kupwetekedwa kwachilengedwe, akutanthauza kale (monga pano) kapena kunena poyera (kwina) kuti imalepheretsa matenda a ICD-11 atsopano a "Compulsive Behaeveal Disorder" (CSBD). (Zomwe zimatsutsana kotheratu mu maphunziro ake a 2013 ndi 2015 onse mwanjira inayake yovuta kugonana.) Mwachidule, kufufuza kulikonse kumene wasayansi akulemba kuti achite, mungathe kubetcha kuti adzalankhula zachipongwe komanso kugonana, komanso CSBD yatsopano yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira zonsezi!

Pomwepo, Prause adapeze kuti maphunziro oti afufuze? Malinga ndi ma tweets ndi munthu wamkulu wamkulu, Prause adalandira Ochita zolaula monga maphunziro a OM, pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja lamphamvu kwambiri la malonda a zolaula, a Mgwirizanowu waulere. Onani kusintha kwa Twitter pakati pa Prause ndi wamkulu wamkulu, Ruby the Big Rubousky, ndi ndani Vice Purezidenti wa Adult Performers Actors Guild (Prause wachotsa ulusiwu)

Pembedzero limayankha pa tweet ya Ruby ndikuti munthu akhoza kukhala wokonda zolaula

Nkhaniyo ikupitiliza:

Pemphero likufulumira kutsutsa ena chifukwa cha kusakondweretsa popanda kupereka umboni uliwonse wovuta, koma kufufuza kwake kwa OM kuli chitsanzo cholimba chakumenyana kochititsa chidwi: kutenga madola masauzande ambiri kuti athandizidwe ndi ntchito yosautsa, yogulitsa malonda ... ndipo mwina kulandira maphunziro kudzera mu dzanja lamphamvu kwambiri lopangira zolaula. Nthawi yonseyi khalani ogwirira ntchito malonda a zolaula pofunanso kuti kafukufukuyu akuthandizani kupeza kachilombo ka HIV kamene kadzagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa iwo omwe akukumana ndi chilakolako chogonana (oposa 80% mwa iwo vuto la lipoti ndi zolaula zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti).

Mu mkangano wina wokhudzana ndi OM, chidwi cha a Prause ndi a OneTaste a Nicole Daedone adalipira $ 1,900 pamunthu pamsonkhano wamasiku atatu wotchedwa "Flow & Orgasm." Monga Pembedzero, Nicole Daedone wakhala ndi mbiri yakale yazikhalidwe zokayikitsa. Chidule cha nkhaniyi Mdima Wofiira wa Company Orgasmic Meditation kujambula chithunzi chovuta:

Mu mbiri yake ya 2009, a Times anatchula omwe kale anali mamembala akuti a Daedone, wamkulu wakale wa OneTaste, anali ndi "mphamvu ngati zachipembedzo pa otsatira ake" ndipo "nthawi zina amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu yemwe ayenera kukhala pachibwenzi naye."

Msonkhano wa yuppies ukhoza kusankhidwa kuti ndiwosemphana ndi chidwi kwa a Dr. Prause: Amalipira koyamba masauzande mazana angapo kuti "atsimikizire" maubwino osawerengeka a Kusinkhasinkha Kwa Orgasmic, kenako amalipidwanso pomupereka OM zomwe zapezedwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo wam'badwo watsopano ndi OneTaste CEO yemwe anali atamulipira kale kuti avomereze OM. The bwalo la moyo.

Gig yabwino yopemphera. Komabe, izi zikukaikira kukhulupirika kwa zomwe zanenedwa kuti zapezeka chifukwa cha maphunziro a Prause a OM. Tiyenera kufunsa: Kodi maphunziro a OM a Prause angatani? osati kukondera? Izi sizosiyana ndi Eli Lilly kulipira wofufuza kuti "aphunzire" maubwino a Prozac, ndikulipira wofufuza yemweyo ndalama zazikulu kuti afotokozere za Prozac pamisonkhano yazachipatala.

Lingaliro lina pa "Debunking "Chifukwa Chiyani Tilikudandaula Kwambiri Kuwona Zolaula?" (By Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause)"

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