Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ndi "ScienceOfArousal.com")

Berger, JH, Kehoe, JE, Doan, AP, Crain, DS, Klam, WP, Marshall, MT, & Christman, MS (2019). SUfulu wa Ntchito Yogonana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula. Military Medicine. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Kafukufuku wa madokotala ambiri omwe amapezeka ku US Navy omwe anali pa ndondomeko yotchulidwa kwambiri ya mabukuwa: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapadera (2016). Nchifukwa chiyani Alliance mwachindunji anasiya pepala ili lapitayi (pambuyo pake, ndilo kubwereza kwa mabukuwa)? Eya, chifukwa zimawerengera kwathunthu zolankhula za RealYBOP ndi zitsimikiziro zosagwirizana.

Pakafukufukuyu, ofufuza amayang'ana kulumikizana pakati pa ED ndi zikhalidwe za zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso "okhumba". Ngakhale kulibe kulumikizana koteroko (mwina chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito sawunika molondola momwe amakhumbira mpaka atayesa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito), kulumikizana kwina kosangalatsa kunawonekera pazotsatira zawo, zomwe Alliance idasiya (monga tikuyembekezera ). Zowonjezera zochepa:

McKee, A. (2005). Kugonjera akazi mu mavidiyo oonera zolaula ku Australia. Journal of Research Research, 42 (4), 277-290. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Izi zimasiyanitsa momveka bwino zomwe Winters et al anapeza pankhani ya chikhumbo chachikulu pakati pa kugonana ndi chiwerewere chosagwirizana [5]. Chinthu chimodzi chotheka chifukwa cha zovuta zopezekazo ndi zosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kugonana pakati pa maphunziro awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu phunziro lino, zotsatira zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wambiri. Komanso, Winters et al. amagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kwachangu [36], yomwe yaperekedwa kuti iwonetsetse kusiyana pakati pa kugonana ndi kuvomereza kugonana ndi kuyesera [4,37].

Creswell, JD, Pacilio, LE, Denson, TF, & Satyshur, M. (2013). TZotsatira zake zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwapadera pazokakamiza za kortisol ku nkhawa za maganizo m'mabambo. Mankhwala a Psychosomatic, 75 (4), 397-403. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera. Papepalali silikugwirizana ndi "malamulo," kapena zotsatira za zolaula kwa wowonayo. Komabe, idafotokoza zomwe zapezedwa ndipo Alliance idalongosola molondola. Mwachidule, kuwona zolaula kumachepetsa cortisol (kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa mayankho) ndikuchita bwino pamayeso a masamu. Ngakhale sizikugwirizana ndi mutu wa Alliance (kapena wina uliwonse), kuphatikiza kwake kuyenera kuyikidwiratu.

Choyamba, olembawo akunena kuti kuyang'ana zolaula ndi "mphoto yaikulu". Nicole Prause amati nthawi zonse kuona zolaula ndizo osati mphoto yaikulu, ndi izo Kugonana ndi zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyang'ana ana achichepere. N'zosadabwitsa kuti phunziroli limapanga mabowo m'maganizo a Prause.

Chachiwiri, maphunziro ena ambiri omwe amatsata maliseche panthawi yoonera zolaula amawonetsa zotsatira zosiyana za mahomoni kuposa pepala ili losankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa. Zitsanzo zochepa chabe: kuphunzira1, kuphunzira2, kuphunzira3, kuphunzira4, kuphunzira5.

Chachitatu, pamene zolaula zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale mayeso abwino pamasewero a masamu, maphunziro ena ambiri amafotokoza zotsatira zosamvetsetseka ndi zophunzira zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula (zonse zoyamba komanso zofunikira, nthawi yaitali):

Zotsatirazi zimapereka njira yowonetsera kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha abambo ku chiwonongeko cha cyber; ndiko kuti, kupyolera mu zovuta zochepa zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukondweretsa kuchedwa. Zotsatira zamakono zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa zolaula pa Intaneti kungakhale koyenderana kwambiri ndi khalidwe la anthu ochita zoipa kuposa momwe anthu ankaganizira kale.

2) Kugulitsa Pambuyo Panthawi Zokondweretsa: Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kutaya Nthawi Yopatsa (2015) - Kuonera zolaula komwe anthu adya, sakanatha kuchepetsa kukondweretsa. Phunziro lapaderalili linalinso ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa masabata a 3. Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kupitilizapo kunali causally zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kubwezeretsa (onani kuti kuthetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito ya correx ya prefrontal). Kuchokera pa phunziro loyamba (zaka zapakati pa zaka zapakati pa 20) zokhudzana ndi zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zawo pa ntchito yotsitsimula yochedwa:

Kuwonerera zolaula zomwe ophunzira adadya, ndipamene amawona zabwino zamtsogolo kukhala zotsika poyerekeza ndi zomwe amalandila pomwepo, ngakhale zabwinozo mtsogolo zinali zofunikira kwambiri ……. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kupitirizabe kukuwonetseratu zolaula zokhudzana ndi zolaula kumakhudzana ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu kotsirizira nthawi.

3)  Kuwona zithunzi zogonana kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa thupi kudzutsa kutchova njuga (2018) - Ndemanga:

Anthu ayenera kudziwa kuti kukonda kugonana kungachepetse chidwi chawo komanso mphamvu zawo zapadera kuwononga ndalama. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu ayenera kumvetsera mwatcheru kuwonongeka ndi kupindula kwa zosankha zachuma pamene akuukitsidwa.

4) Kodi makompyuta a ophunzira amagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba yokhudzana ndi masamu awo kusukulu? (2008) - Ndemanga:

Komanso, luso la kuzindikira za ophunzira limagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi kukwaniritsa kwawo masamu. Pomalizira, kuwonera kanema kanema ndikumayenderana ndi ntchito za ophunzira. Makamaka, kuyang'ana mantha, zochita, kapena Mafilimu oonera zolaula ankagwirizanitsidwa ndi mayeso apansi.

5) Kusinkhasinkha kwa zithunzi zojambula zithunzi kumapangitsa kugwira ntchito kukumbukira ntchito (2013) - Asayansi a ku Germany apeza kuti kusintha kwa intaneti kungachepetse kukumbukira ntchito. Muyeso lojambula zolaula, anthu odwala 28 ankagwira ntchito zokumbukira pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosiyana za 4, zomwe zinali zolaula. Ophunzirawo adavotera zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi zilakolako zakugonana asanakhalepo, komanso pambuyo pake, kufotokozera zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti kukumbukira ntchito kunali koipitsitsa panthawi yowonera zolaula ndipo kuti kukweza kwakukulu kunachepetsa dontho. Chidule:

Zotsatira zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsero zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimachokera Kusamalidwa kwa zithunzi zolaula kumalepheretsa ntchito kukumbukira ntchito. Zakafukufuku zafotokozedwa pazinthu zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa intaneti chifukwa kugwiritsira ntchito kukumbukira kusokonezeka ndi zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa kumadziwika bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zogonana.

6) Zosakaniza Zojambula Zogonana Ndizochita Zopanga Zopanda Pake (2013)- Phunziro linapeza kuti kujambula zithunzi zolaula kunasokoneza kupanga chisankho pamayesero ovomerezeka. Izi zikusonyeza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zingakhudze ogwira ntchito, zomwe ndizo malingaliro omwe amathandiza pokwaniritsa zolinga. Zowonjezera:

Kuchita zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zachiwerewere zimagwiridwa ndi mapepala osokoneza mapepala poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene zithunzi zogonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zopindulitsa. Kugonjera kugonana kwachangu kunayambitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi kupanga kupanga chisankho.Phunziroli likugogomezera kuti kukakamiza kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga chisankho, chomwe chikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti..

7) Kukweza, kugwiritsira ntchito luso la kukumbukira, ndi kupanga kupanga kugonana kwa amuna (2014)- Zolemba:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuzanso ngati kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamakono (WMC) kumachepetsa chiyanjano pakati pa kuukitsidwa kwa thupi ndi kugonana. Amuna onse a 59 ankawona zithunzi za 20 komanso zachiyanjano za 20 zosagwirizana ndi kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha pamene ziwalo zawo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito khungu. Ophunzirawo adamaliza kukambirana za WMC ndi ntchito yofanana ndi yomwe anayenera kugwiririrapo yomwe anayenera kudziwa kuti amuna ambiri a ku Australia amatha bwanji kupititsa patsogolo kugonana pofuna kuthana ndi kukana kapena kumenyana ndi amayi.

Ophunzira omwe adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndikukhala nthawi yayitali akuwona zachiwerewere zomwe sizinagwirizane zomwe zidasankhidwa pambuyo pake poyimitsa mfundo zantchito yofananira ya kugwiriridwa. Mogwirizana ndi kulosera kwathu, ubale wapakati pakukweza thupi ndi malo oyimilira omwe anali osankhidwa anali olimba kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi magulu otsika a WMC. Kwa omwe ali ndi WMC yokwanira, kukondweretsedwa kwakuthupi sikunagwirizane ndi malo oyimilira osankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa magwiridwe antchito (komanso WMC makamaka) zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zisankho za abambo pankhani yokhudza zachiwerewere.

8) Ana Achichepere Akuyang'ana pa Zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti: Maubale kuti atchule nthawi, kufunafuna, ndi kuphunzitsa (2015)- Izi zosawerengeka kafukufuku wautali (kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumachepetsa ntchito yophunzira. Chidule:

Komanso, kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula ku Intaneti kunachepetsa anyamata kuti azigwira ntchito patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

9) Kupitirizabe kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito mosayenera kapena kunyalanyaza mauthenga a pa Intaneti pazinthu zambirimbiri zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (2015) - Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira zolaula amachita zovuta kwambiri pa ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito (yomwe ili pansi pa kampani yamakono). Zina mwazidule:

Tinafufuza ngati chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi kugonana chimakhudzana ndi mavuto omwe amachititsa kuthetsa chidziwitso pazochitika zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zithunzi zolaula. Tinagwiritsira ntchito paradigm yambirimbiri yomwe ophunzirawo anali ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zofanana pazandale komanso zolaula. Tapeza kuti ophunzira omwe adafotokoza zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa machitidwe ogonana ndi anthu ogonana ndi azimayi omwe adasokoneza chiwerewere, amalephera kwambiri.

10) Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ophunzira a Sukulu Yapamwamba, Ghana (2016) - Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu anavumbula kuti ophunzira ambiri amavomereza kuti amaonera zolaula kale. Komanso, ambiri adavomereza kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira asamaphunzire bwino ...

11) Mafupipafupi ndi Nthawi Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito, Kukhumba ndi Maganizo Oipa pa Zovuta Zogonana pa Intaneti (2019)- Zolemba:

Mu chitsanzo cha ophunzira oposa 1,000 Chinese koleji, tinayesa chitsanzo chomwe chilakolako choonera zolaula chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa momwe ma OSA angagwiritsire ntchito poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA, komanso tndiye kuti amatha kukhumudwa. Chitsanzo chathu chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zolaula zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa ntchito za OSA ndi zochuluka, ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamaphunzire zolakwika zimayanjanitsidwa ndi OSA zovuta. Zotsatira zimayambanso ndi za maphunziro apitalo omwe amafotokoza zapamwamba kwambiri zolakalaka zolaula pokhudzana ndi matenda ena oipas.

12) Maganizo a Zithunzi Zolaula Zimakhudza Maphunziro a Anthu 'Ophunzira ku University of Jos, Nigeria (2019) - Ndemanga:

phunziro unapanikizidwira ndi mafunso kafukufuku anayi mchenga malingaliro awiri, kapangidwe kafukufuku anatengera kwa phunzirolo ndi kafukufuku kafukufuku ndipo anthu anali lonse maphunziro chikhalidwe ophunzira yunivesite ya Yos nacho okwana 244 anthu kukula ndi kumene 180 anali osankhidwa mwachisawawa monga chitsanzo cha phunzirolo. Kafukufuku uja adawulula kuti, ophunzira ambiri omwe amachita nawo zolaula samachita bwino m'masukulu komanso nthawi zambiri amasiya ntchito zawo.

Nchifukwa chiyani Otsutsa adalepheretsa maphunzirowa pamwambapa?

Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, KG (2019). Kafukufuku Wosasinthika wa Gulu Loyendetsedwa ndi Maganizo Othandizira Kuzindikira Matenda A Hypersexual Amuna. Magazini azachipatala. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chifukwa chiyani kafukufukuyu ali mgulu la "malamulo"? Izi sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe a Prause ananena zokhudzana ndi "malamulo". M'malo mwake, nkhanizi zinali zosokoneza bongo:

Anthu omwe anali okhudzidwa anali amayi achikulire komanso amuna omwe akudziwika kuti ali ndi vuto "khalidwe logonana," "khalidwe logonana," kapena "chizoloŵezi chogonana" omwe anali ndi chidwi chophunzira nawo zachipatala.

Kafukufukuyu akutsutsana ndi zomwe a Prause ananena pokhudzana ndi "malamulo," popeza omwe amaphunzirawo adakumana ndi zovuta kuwongolera machitidwe awo ogonana:

Kugonana kwa matendawa kumaphatikizapo kulephera kuthetsa malingaliro opatsirana pogonana, malingaliro, ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi matenda ovutika maganizo ndi mayendedwe komanso atsimikiziridwa ndi anthu odwala.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu? Cognitive Behaeveal Therapy (CBT) idapangitsa kuchepa kwamakhalidwe ogonana (kulephera kuwongolera machitidwe osafunikira ogonana):

Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Zolumikizana za Neural zodziletsa pakudziyendetsa nokha. Zolemba pa Neuroscience. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera. Chifukwa chiyani kafukufukuyu ali mgulu la "malamulo" (kapena gulu lina lililonse)? Sichizindikira kuti nkhani iliyonse ndiyomwe ndimakonda zolaula kapena CSB. Sichikugwirizana ndi zolaula zilizonse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chilichonse, kuphatikiza "malamulo". Zimachita, komabe, zimatsutsana ndi zomwe Pemphero limanena mobwerezabwereza kuti Kugonana ndi zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyang'ana ana achichepere.

Regnerus, M., Gordon, D., & Price, J. (2016). Kulemba zolaula ku America: Kuwunika kofananira kwa njira. Journal of Kafukufuku Wogonana, 53 (7), 873-881. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: RealYBOP imalongosola molondola chimodzi mwazomwe zidalemba papepalalo: "sKulemba deta kuchokera ku 2014 kumasonyeza kuti 46% ya amuna ndi 16% ya akazi pakati pa zaka za 18 ndi 39 zolaula mwachindunji sabata lapadera. Ziwerengerozi ndizowonjezereka kuposa momwe anthu ambiri akuyendera m'mbuyomu akugwiritsa ntchito mafunso osiyanasiyana.”Chodabwitsachi: pomwe izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe YBOP yakhalapo kale yonena kuti zolaula zadumpha chifukwa cha intaneti, debunks adanena ndi Deniers David Ley, Nicole Prause, ndi Peter Finn, omwe adalowamo Ley et al., 2014 Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikukuwonjezeka kuyambira koyambirira kwa ma 1970, (Iyitu iyenera kuti idazembedwa ndi ma checkers omwe amatola zipatso ku Alliance.)

Chikondi ndi Chibwenzi Chaputala

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Choyamba, Alliance inasiya zonse koma ziwiri Phunziro la 75 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana. Chachiwiri, Alliance inanyenga wowerenga pa maphunzirowa a 2 (omwe amapezeka mu gulu ili) osauka chikhutiro cha ubale kapena kusakhulupirika kwambiri: Maddox, et al., 2011 ndi Miller et al., 2019. Chachitatu, 4 ya maphunzirowo inalembedwa ndi mamembala a Alliance ndipo palibe mwa iwo omwe akuwonekera. Chachinayi, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, Alliance inalephera kunena kuti maphunziro onse okhudza amuna adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana osauka zokhuza kugonana kapena chiyanjano (za maphunziro a 65). Pomaliza, Mgwirizanowu sunaperekenso ndemanga pa zolembedwazo kapena meta-analytics kuti zithandizire pazanema zawo kuti "Palibe zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolaula mu maubwenzi. "

Monga momwe tikudziwira, kusanthula meta -wiri ndi kuwunika kumodzi kwasindikizidwa, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zomwe a Deniers akuti. Mgwirizanowu udasiya zonse 3:

1) Zithunzi zolaula Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwanitsa: Meta-Analysis (2017) - Kusanthula kafukufuku wa maphunziro ena osiyanasiyana owona za kugonana ndi chiyanjano ndi chiyanjano kunanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunkagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa kugonana ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano (kukhutira kwa wina ndi mnzake). Chidule:

Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutira payekha pakati pa zofukufuku, magawo a kafukufuku wa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuyesera. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhutira zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo sizinayendetsedwe ndi chaka chawo chomasulidwa kapena zolemba zawo. Koma zowonongeka ndi kugonana zinatsutsa zotsatira zofunikira kwa amuna okha.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wochepa amasonyeza kuti zolaula za amayi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kukhutira kwa kugonana ndi chiyanjano cha amayi, kwambiri do zotsatira zolakwika zapoti. Poyesa kufufuza, ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti peresenti yochepa ya akazi ophatikizana zonse amawononga zolaula pa intaneti. Deta yaikulu, yovomerezeka kudziko lonse ikusowa, koma General Social Survey inanena kuti 2.6% mwa amayi onse a ku US adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha. Funso linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati, 2014).

2) Malingaliro a amayi pa zofuna zawo zolaula komanso kugonana, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi: (2017) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wa mapepalawa omwe amachitidwa mpaka lero akuwathandiza kuganiza kuti amayi ambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maganizo awo akuti wokondedwa wawo ndi wonyansa. Kufufuza kwakukulu kuphatikizapo maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kuzindikira ogonana monga ogula zithunzi zolaula zinkakhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana kosayenera, kugonana, ndi thupi. Chiyanjano cha kukhutira nokha sichinali choipa. Zotsatirazo zanenanso kuti kukhutira kwa amayi kumachepetsedwa mwa makalata ndi lingaliro loti abwenzi awo akuwononga zolaula kawirikawiri.

Kuzindikira kuti amuna omwe amagonana nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana komanso kugonana.

Pomalizira, kuthekera kwa bukhu losindikizidwa kunayambanso kufufuza. Zowonongeka, zotsatira sizinawononge kuti zokopa zofalitsa ndizofunika kwambiri m'mabuku awa.

3) Zowonjezera kuchokera ku 2018 kubwereza kwa mabuku (Zithunzi Zolaula, Zosangalatsa, ndi Kugonana: Kwa Hedonic Njira Yowonjezera Zogonana pa Intaneti Internet Media Use), kufotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula pa kukhutira kugonana:

Mosiyana ndi madera ambiri omwe adakambidwa kale omwe akugwirizana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula (IPU) ndi zolimbikitsa, momwe kafukufuku akupitirirabe, ubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana kwawerengedwa mozama, ndi zolemba zambiri zokhudzana ndi mutuwo. M'malo mofufuza mwatsatanetsatane mndandanda wa kafukufuku wa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana, zomwe zafukufukuzi zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1.

Mwambiri, monga zikuwonedwera Gulu 1, maubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana ndizovuta, koma zogwirizana ndi lingaliro loti IP ingalimbikitse zolimbikitsa zogonana, makamaka momwe ntchito ikuwonjezera. Pakati pa okwatirana, ndizochepa kuthandizira lingaliro loti IPU itha kulimbikitsa kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma pokhapokha ikaphatikizidwa muzochita zogonana. Payekha, pali umboni wosatsutsika wakuti IPU imaneneratu zakukhutira kwakugonana mwa amuna, ndimagawo azigawo zazitali komanso zazitali zomwe zikulozera mabungwe azomwe amagwiritsa ntchito osakwanira kukhutira ndi amuna. Ponena za akazi, umboni wobalalika umanena kuti IPU itha kukulitsa kukhutira ndi kugonana, isakhale ndi tanthauzo pakukhutira, kapena kuchepetsa kukhutira pakapita nthawi.

Ngakhale izi zapezedwa mosiyanasiyana, kutha kwa zotsatira zosafunikira za IPU pakukhutitsidwa kwakugonana mwa azimayi ndizofala kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zatsimikizidwanso ndikuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma meta (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Kuwunikiranso maphunziro a 50 okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zotsatira zakukhutira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo, kukhutitsidwa ndimunthu, kukhutira ndi ubale, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana), kuwunika kwa meta kumeneku kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (osati intaneti) kunali kogwirizana nthawi zonse komanso kuneneratu zakukhutira pakati pa anthu zosintha, kuphatikizapo kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma kwa amuna okha. Palibe zofunikira zomwe zidapezeka kwa azimayi. Pamodzi, zotsatirazi zosakanikirana zimalepheretsa mfundo zomveka bwino pantchito ya IP pakukhutiritsa chisangalalo cha amayi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pazofufuza zaposachedwa pakuwunika IPU ndikukhutitsidwa ndi zakugonana ndikuti zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukhutira, kotero kuti kukhutira kumachepa kwambiri popeza IPU imafala kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Dzuwa, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Tsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1. Popeza umboni wowoneka bwino pamitundu ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zikuwoneka zomveka kuvomereza lingaliro lakuti pamene IPU imakwera kupitilira kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutira ndi kugonana kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale maphunziro awa (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) anali osiyana magawo, atapatsidwa kuchuluka kwamaphunziro azitali (mwachitsanzo, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) yolumikiza IPU kuti ichepetse kugonana Kukhutira, ndizomveka kunena kuti mayanjanowa ndi achilengedwe. Pamene IPU ikuwonjezeka, kukhutira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawoneka kuchepa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe alipo pano akuti IPU imalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro azakugonana kwambiri.

Ndemanga yomwe ili pamwambayi imati zotsatira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa kukhutira kwa kugonana ndi chiyanjano cha amayi zimasakanizidwa. Zoona, pali maphunziro ochuluka kwambiri omwe amafotokoza zotsatira zoipa: mndandanda wa maphunziro a 30, ndi zolemba zina.

Pofika pachowonadi chokhudza mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance a Alliance:

Maphunziro a Alliance:

[Adasankhidwa] Balzarini, RN, Dobson, K., Chin, K., & Campbell, L. (2017). Kodi kusokonezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumachepetsa kukopa ndi kukonda amuna omwe ali ndi zibwenzi? Kuyankha kwaokha kwa Kenrick, Gutierres, ndi Goldberg (1989) kuphunzira 2. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 191-197. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa membala wa Alliance a William Fisher. Kufufuza kwa 2017 kuyesa kufotokoza phunziro 1989 zomwe zimawululira abambo ndi amai muubwenzi wokhulupirika ndi zithunzi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Kafukufuku wa 1989 adapeza kuti amuna omwe adakumana ndi maliseche Playboy malo apakatikati adavotera anzawo ngati ocheperako ndipo adanenanso kuti amakonda anzawo. Pamene 2017 yalephera kufotokoza zomwe zapezedwa mu 1989, timauzidwa ndi omwe anali pansi pa Fisher kuti kafukufuku wa 1989 adalakwitsa, ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungachepetse chikondi kapena chikhumbo. Ndani! Osati mwachangu kwambiri.

Kubwereza "kunalephereka" chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chakhala chimawonetsa "zolaula" panthawiyi. Ofufuza a 2017 sanafunse ophunzira a koleji a 1989 omwe anakulira akuyang'ana MTV sukulu. M'malo mwake omvera awo anakulira pa PornHub chifukwa cha zigawenga komanso mavidiyo.

Mu 1989 ophunzira angapo a koleji adawona kanema ya X? Osati ochuluka kwambiri. Ndi angati ophunzira a koleji a 1989 amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu iliyonse yotsutsa maliseche, kuyambira msinkhu, kulakwitsa kuzipangizo zovuta zowonongeka mu gawo limodzi? Palibe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za 2017 zikuwonekera: kufotokozera mwachidule ku chithunzi chodalirika cha Playboy Phokoso lalikulu ndikulumidwa kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe amuna aku koleji ku 2017 akhala akuyang'anira zaka. Ngakhale olemba adavomereza kusiyana kwadziko ndi malo awo oyambirira:

1) Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti phunziro lapachiyambi linasindikizidwa mu 1989. Panthawiyo, kufotokozera zachiwerewere sikungakhalepo, koma lero, kufanana ndi zithunzi zopanda phokoso kuli kofala kwambiri, ndipo kotero kuti kuwonetsedwa pakati pa malo osasangalatsa sikungakhale kokwanira kuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kunayambika poyamba. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za maphunziro omwe akupezeka pano akusiyana ndi phunziro lapachiyambi chifukwa chosiyana, kufikako, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa ndi zochitikazo tsopano.

Nthaŵi yosawerengeka ya ndondomeko yopanda tsankho ngakhale Denier David Ley ankadzikakamiza kuwonetsa momveka bwino:

Zitha kukhala kuti chikhalidwe, amuna, komanso zachiwerewere zasintha kwambiri kuyambira 1989. Ndi amuna achikulire ochepa masiku ano omwe sanawonepo zolaula kapena akazi amaliseche - maliseche komanso zachiwerewere ndizofala m'ma media ambiri, kuyambira Game ya mipando kutsitsa mafuta, komanso m'maiko ambiri, amayi amaloledwa kupita pamwamba. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti amuna omwe aphunzira posachedwapa aphunzira kuphatikiza zamaliseche komanso zachiwerewere zomwe amaziwona pa zolaula komanso media zatsiku ndi tsiku m'njira zomwe sizimakhudza kukopa kwawo kapena kukonda anzawo. Mwinanso amuna omwe anali mu kafukufuku wa 1989 sanadziwidwe kwambiri za kugonana, maliseche, komanso zolaula.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesera sikukutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sanatero zokopa za amuna zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi okondedwa awo. Zimangotanthawuza kuti kuyang'ana pa "centerfolds" sikungakhudze mwamsanga masiku ano. Amuna ambiri amavomereza kuti ndi ovuta Kuwonjezeka kwa kukopa kwa okondedwa pambuyo posiya zolaula pa intaneti. Ndipo, ndithudi, palinso umboni wautali wotchulidwa pamwambapa ukuwonetsa zotsatira zosokoneza za kuonera zolaula pa maubwenzi.

Zofufuza komwe achinyamata a ku koleji amawona ochepa Playboy zozizwitsa (monga momwe mukuwerengera zogwirizana ndi olemba) sangakuuzeni kanthu za zotsatira za mnzanu wokhala ndi maliseche pamasewero olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka kumapeto. Maphunziro okhawo omwe angathe "onetsani ngati kuona zolaula kwenikweni zimayambitsa zotsatira zolakwika " Maphunziro a kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali amawunikira pa zosiyana kapena maphunziro omwe amapewa zolaula. Pakadali pano maphunziro asanu ndi awiri omwe akhala akutalika kwa nthawi yaitali akhala akufalitsidwa. onse adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhudza ubale wosauka / zotsatira za kugonana:

1. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009).
2. Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012).
3. Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015).
4. Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016).
5. Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016).
6. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017).
7. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017).

Zindikirani - a Deniers sapereka maphunziro a kutalika kwa zolaula za achikulire komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana kapena ubale.

Kohut, T., Balzarini, RN, Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2018). Zithunzi zolaula zolimbana ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano choyanjana zimasiyanasiyana monga momwe ntchito zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pakati pa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Relationship and Social Relations, 35 (4), 655-676. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Wolemba mamembala a Alliance a Taylor Kohut & William Fisher, ndi gulu lonselo Yunivesite ya Western Ontario. Zomwe anazipeza: Mabanja omwe amaonera zolaula komanso amatha kukambirana momasuka kusiyana ndi maanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha, kapena mnzanu amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula yekha ndipo winayo satero. Pamwambapa mutha kuwerengera ngati kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula limodzi kungakhale kwabwino. Koma momwe Mgwirizano umafulumira kufotokozera, "kulumikizana sikungafanane."

Anthu ambiri amaonera zolaula okha. Amuna amene amaonera zolaula nthawi zonse amaimira kachigawo kakang'ono ka anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Deta kuchokera kufukufuku wamkulu wa dziko lonse (GSS) adanena kuti 2.6% mwa amayi onse a ku US adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha (funso linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004). Kodi chiwerengero cha mabanja okwatirana amene amakonda kuchita zolaula amachita chiyani? Apanso, tili ndi mutu ndi zochitika kuchokera ku (mwina) ochepa peresenti ya anthu ambiri (ochenjera kwambiri).

Maas, MK, Vasilenko, SA, & Willoughby, BJ (2018).Kuwonetsa zolaula kumagwiritsira ntchito komanso kukondana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha: Udindo wa kuvomereza zithunzi zolaula komanso nkhawa. Journal of Sex Research, 55 (6), 772-782. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance chinali cholondola, mpaka pomwepo. Zoonadi, mgwirizano wapadera umasonyeza kuti zolaula zambiri zogwirizana ndi Zochepa chikhutiro cha ubale onse Amuna ndi Akazi (makamaka kwa amuna, ndi omwe angagwiritse ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse):

Kohut, T., Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2017).Zotsatira zoonongeka za zolaula pa chiyanjano choyambirira: Kupeza koyambirira kwa kafukufuku wotseguka, wophunzirapo, "kufufuza pansi". Mbiri Zogonana, 46 (2), 585-602. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Wolemba mamembala a Alliance a Taylor Kohut & William Fisher. Kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino, wopanda kulumikizana, ndichitsanzo china cha matsenga a Kohut opanga mapangidwe omwe adapeza mitu yomwe akufuna. Kodi cholinga cha phunziroli ndi (kuyesa) kutsutsa pa maphunziro a 75 omwe amasonyeza ntchito zolaula ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa maubwenzi? Njira ziwiri zoyambirira za phunziroli ndi izi:

1) Phunziro silinakhale ndi chitsanzo choimira. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti akazi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pachibwenzi nthawi yayitali amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula, mu phunziro ili, 95% ya amayiwa ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha. Ndipo azimayi a 83% adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula chiyambireni chiyanjano (nthawi zina kwa zaka). Mapiri amenewo ndi apamwamba kuposa amuna akuluakulu a koleji! Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ochita kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti ataya chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe anali kufuna. Zenizeni? Deta kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu wa dziko lonse wa US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi okwatirana adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha. Deta kuchokera ku 2000 - 2004 (kwa zambiri mukuona Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati, 2014).

2) Phunziro silinagwirizanitse ntchito zolaula ndi kugonana kulikonse kapena kugonana komweko. Mmalo mwake, phunziroli linagwiritsidwa ntchito "mafunso otseguka" omwe nkhaniyo ingathe kugwedezeka ponena za zolaula (izo zinali zoyenera osati zowonjezereka). Kenaka, ochita kafukufukuwo adawerenga zolembazo ndipo adasankha, atatha kunena kuti, ndi mayankho ati "ofunika," komanso momwe angayankhire (pepala) m'mapepala awo. Onani "Kafukufuku Wokhudza Zolaula: Zoona Kapena Zopeka?"Kanema kanema omwe amatsutsa choonadi pamayambiriro a maphunziro a 5 amafalitsa kutsimikizira kuti zizolowezi zolaula sizipezeka kapena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumapindulitsa kwambiri (chimodzi ndi phunziro la Kohut).

Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zolakwika komanso ngakhale zotsatira zake zowonongeka zomwe zinawonetsedwa ndi zina mwazochita zawo, ochita kafukufuku adanena kuti zotsatira za zolaula zinali zabwino kwambiri. Zoonadi, Zowonjezera kuchokera pa kafukufuku wa Kohut zimawulula maanja ambiri omwe amafotokoza zovuta zoyipa zokhudzana ndi zolaula.

Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti labu ya William Fisher imasindikiza maphunziro okayikitsa kapena opangidwa mwaluso kuti asokoneze anthu ndi atolankhani kuti akhulupirire kuti pali umboni wofanana wotsutsana ndi kusokonekera kwa maphunziro omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolaula kukhala osakhutira pogonana komanso kukondana. Mawu oti chinyengo chamtundu uwu ndi "agnotology": kupanga dala zabodza zabodza kuti anthu azidya. Tikupangira a Linda Hatch PsychCentral nkhani yofufuza za agnotology pankhani yogonana: “Bungwe la Bogus Sex Addiction 'Controversy' ndi Purveyors of Inegnorance."

Staley, C., & Prause, N. (2013). Kuwonetsetsa kwa Erotica pa maubwenzi apamtima ndi kuyesa / kukambirana nawo. Zosungira zolaula, 42 (4), 615-624. Lumikizani ku intaneti.

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause. Kuwonera zolaula, kukhala zowawa, ndiyeno nkufuna kuchoka, sizingakhale zovuta kupeza. "Labotale" yomwe ili ndi labotale yopanda ntchito imatiuza kanthu za zotsatira za nthawi yaitali zolaula pa maubwenzi (kachiwiri, pa maphunziro a 75 - komanso phunziro lililonse pa amuna - kugwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukhutirana ndi chibwenzi). Kuyesaku ndikofanana ndi kuwunika momwe mowa umathandizira pofunsa ogula ngati ali bwino pambuyo pa mowa wawo woyamba. Kodi kuwunika kanthawi kamodzi kumatiuza chilichonse chokhudza momwe angakhalire m'mawa mwake kapena zotsatira zakumwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi? Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Alliance idasiya zomwe Prause adapeza:

"Kuwona mafilimu okhudzana ndi chiwerewere kunapangitsanso mauthenga akuluakulu a zosokoneza, kudziimba mlandu, ndi nkhawa"

Kusokoneza kumatanthauza kusokonezeka maganizo. Kugwirizana kukuwonekera.

Maddox, AM, Rhoades, GK, & Markman, HJ (2011).Kuwona zipangizo zofotokoza zakugonana zokha kapena palimodzi: Mabungwe ndi khalidwe la ubale. Mbiri Zogonana, 40 (2), 441-448. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Monga m'maphunziro ena omwe adatchulidwa Mgwirizano umasiya zomwe sizinachitike. Chidule chawo chidalephera kuwulula kuti anthu omwe sanawonepo zolaula (SEM) adalemba (1) "khalidwe lapamwamba la chiyanjano pa ziwerengero zonse kuposa iwo omwe ankawona SEM okha,"Ndi (2)"chiwerengero cha kusakhulupirika.”Chidule:

"Kafukufukuyu adasanthula mayanjano pakati pakuwona zolaula (SEM) ndi ubale womwe ukugwira ntchito mwa zitsanzo za anthu 1291 osakwatirana omwe ali pachibwenzi ... Anthu omwe sanamvepo SEM adanena kuti chikhalidwe chapamwamba pa chiyanjano chili chonse kuposa omwe anawona SEM okha. Anthu omwe anawona SEM okha ndi anzawo adalengeza kudzipatulira ndi kukweza kugonana kusiyana ndi omwe ankawona SEM okha. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa omwe sanayambe awonapo SEM ndi iwo amene amawawona okha ndi anzawo ndi awo amene sanachiwonepo anali ndi ziwerengero zochepa za kusakhulupirika. ”

Popeza anthu ambiri amaonera zolaula okha, izi zikutanthauza maanja ambiri. Pamene phunziroli linanena kuti maanja amene "anawona SEM okha ndi anzawo omwe adanena kuti adzipatulira komanso akukwanitsa kugonana", Gulu ili likuimira kachigawo kakang'ono ka anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi deta kuchokera kufukufuku wamkulu wa dziko lonse (GSS) womwe unanena kuti 2.6% mwa amayi onse a ku United States adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha. Funso linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati, 2014). Maddox et al., 2011 ikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wa YBOP Phunziro la 70 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana.

Zithunzi za Gawo la Hypersexuality

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Zikuwoneka kuti anthu onse a Alliance amatsutsa chitsanzo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Otsutsa ambiri amatsutsa mwamphamvu zolaula, mopanda malire kusokoneza zofukufuku, kuwombera ochita kafukufuku, kutemberera anthu amene amanena kuti zolaula zilipo, Amuna omwe akuzunza). Ndizachidziwikire kuti mapepala ochepa a Alliance apangidwa kuti apusitse omvera awo komanso atolankhani osadziwa. Zomwe amapereka ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa kuthandizira kukhalapo kwa zolaula.

choyamba, ndi "Kuchita Zinthu Zoyipa ”ndipo ili mu ICD-11 yatsopano ya WHO.  Wofotokozera molondola kwambiri "Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder" (CSBD) walowa m'malo mwa "Hypersexuality" m'mabukuwa. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso zovuta kuchita zogonana zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ambulera ya machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogonana omwe amadziwikanso kuti "chizolowezi chogonana," "chizolowezi chogonana," "chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti," ndi zina zambiri. ntchito Buku lachipatala Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano zoyenera kuchita zolaula kapena kugonana: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. "

Mwa kuzindikira zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndikupanga chidebe-diagnostic cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, World Health Organization ikuyendera mogwirizana ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Mu August, akatswiri opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo a 2011 America ku ASAM adawamasula kufotokoza kwatsopano kwowonongeka.

Chachiwiri, a Alliance anasiya mapepala onse othandiza mtundu wa mankhwala ozunguza bongo:

•  The Alliance anasiya zonse Maphunziro a 54 okhudza ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi maphunziro a CSB, kupatulapo Prause et al., 2015 (ndipo samauza alendo awo za Mapepala ofotokozedwa a 10 omwe amanena kuti mapemphero a EEG a Prause amathandizadi kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
•  The Alliance anasiya zonse Ndemanga za 29 zaposachedwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience & ndemanga, lolembedwa ndi akatswiri ena apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Mapepala onse a 29 amathandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• The Alliance anasiya zonse koma ziwiri za mapepala mndandanda wa pa zofufuza za 45 zofufuza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo). Maphunziro awiriwa ndi Deniers Nicole Prause ndi Aleksandro Štulhofer, omwe malemba awo olembedwa mosamala amasocheretsa wowerenga: phunzirani 1 (Prause et al., 2015 - kachiwiri); kuphunzira 2 ndi Štulhofer.

The Alliance anasiya maphunziro ena ambiri, ndemanga, komanso ndemanga zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, a Kusaka kwa Google Scholar ya "kugonana kwachisawawa" kumabwereza ziganizo za 23,000. Ngakhale ziwerengero zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhudzana ndi kugwidwa ndi ubongo.

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Krüger, TH, Schiffer, B., Eikermann, M., Haake, P., Gizewski, E., & Schedlowski, M. (2006). Mmene thupi limagwirira ntchito m'maganizo mwa mitsempha yambiri yamagulu pa nthawi yogonana. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (12), 3445-3452. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Kodi kafukufukuyu akuchita chiyani apa? Sichikuthandizira kapena kuwerengera mtundu womwewo. Kodi yatchulidwa chifukwa Nicole Prause & David Ley amakana nthawi zonse gawo lalikulu la dopamine pakukakamiza kugonana ndi chilimbikitso? Mwachitsanzo, Pemphero limasonyeza kuti kuonera ana aang'ono kumakhala kofanana ndi kugonana ndi maliseche. Ngakhale osasayansi, mfundoyi ikubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi otsatira, atolankhani ndi mamembala ena a Alliance. Mwinamwake Alliance ifunsane ndi anzawo Jim Pfaus, yemwe ali losindikizidwa kwambiri pa udindo wa dopamine mu chiwerewere. Mwina ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wa Google kufunafuna "dopamine" zomwe zimachitika kuti zibweretse mawu 48,000. Nkhani yotsatirayi ndiyankho la mawu osalimbikitsa a Prause: Kukonza Kusamvetsetsana Ponena za Neuroscience ndi Zovuta Kugonana (2017) ndi Don Hilton, MD.

Byers, LJ, Menzies, KS, & O'Grady, WL (2004). Zotsatira zakusintha kwamakompyuta pakuwona ndi kutumiza zolaula pa intaneti: kuyesa Cooper's "Triple-A Injini". Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 13 (3/4), 157. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Carvalho, J., Štulhofer, A., Vieira, AL, & Jurin, T. (2015).. Kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha komanso chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana: Kufufuza momwe zinthu zilili zovuta zogonana. Magazini yokhudza kugonana, 12 (6), 1356-1367. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer. Monga chidule cha Deniers chidanenera, "Phunziro lathu limathandiza kusiyanitsa kugonana ndi chilakolako chogonana.”Chidule:

Zowonongeka, zomwe zapeza zikudziwitsa zokambirana za kugonana pakati pa anthu ndi ziwerewere. Choyamba, chilakolako chachikulu chogonana komanso kugonana mobwerezabwereza sikunagwirizane ndi zotsatira zolakwika zokhudzana ndi kugonana. The Zotsatira zimathandizira kusiyana pakati pa chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi khalidwe lovuta la kugonana.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, a Štulhofer kuphunzira, pamodzi ndi maphunziro a 25, kuwonetsa mfundo zomwe anthu amalankhula mobwerezabwereza kuti kugonana ndi zolaula "zimangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana."

Winters, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2010). Kugonana kosavomerezeka ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chogonana: Kusiyanitsa kumapanga ?. Mbiri Zogonana, 39 (5), 1029-1043. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance Jason Winters. Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyo wa Štulhofer, uyu adati "Amuna ndi amai omwe amawauza kuti akufuna chithandizo adapeza kwambiri zapamwamba pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana.”Monga momwe kafukufuku wa Štulhofer adafotokozera, kafukufuku wa Winters anali wolakwika chifukwa adagwiritsa ntchito Sculsivity Scale (SCS)

Izi zimasiyanitsa momveka bwino zomwe Winters et al anapeza pankhani ya chikhumbo chachikulu pakati pa kugonana ndi chiwerewere chosagwirizana [5]. Chinthu chimodzi chotheka chifukwa cha zovuta zopezekazo ndi zosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kugonana pakati pa maphunziro awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu phunziro lino, zotsatira zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wambiri. Komanso, Winters et al. amagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kwachinyengo [36], yomwe yaperekedwa kuti ikhale yosiyana kwambiri pakati pa kukakamiza kugonana ndi kutseguka kwa zochitika zogonana ndi kuyesayesa [4,37]

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti Maphunziro ena a 25 amatsutsa zonena kuti kugonana ndi zolaula zimadetsa "kukhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana," Ndikofunika kuthana ndi malingaliro osaneneka akuti "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" chimagwirizana ndi zolaula. Kupanda nzeru kwake kumawonekera bwino ngati munthu angaganizire zabodza potengera zosokoneza zina. (Kuti mumve zambiri– Chikhumbo chapamwamba ', kapena' kungokhala 'chidakwa? Yankho kwa Steele et al., ndi Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD.)

Mwachitsanzo, kodi lingaliro limeneli limatanthauza kuti kukhala ochepa kwambiri, osakhoza kulamulira kudya, komanso kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri ndi izi, ndi "chilakolako chofuna kudya?" Kuwonjezera apo, wina ayenera kuganiza kuti oledzera amakhala ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa mowa, kulondola? Mwachidule, onse oledzera ali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu" kapena zolakalaka za mankhwala awo ozunguza bongo ndi ntchito (zomwe zimatchedwanso "kukulimbikitsani"), ngakhale pamene kusangalala kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha kulekerera kapena kuzoloŵera.

Kuledzera kumapangitsa kuti munthu asanyalanyaze zilakolako zomwe zimawoneka ngati "malingaliro azakugonana, malingaliro, ndi zosowa." Mwachitsanzo, zikhalidwe, monga kutsegula kompyuta, kuwona zomwe zachitika, kapena kukhala nokha, zimayambitsa zilakolako zolaula. Ena amafotokoza zolaula zomwe zimalimbikitsa "kulowa mumtsinje womwe umatha kuthawa kamodzi: zolaula." Pakadali pano pali maphunziro a 27 olimbikitsa kulimbikitsa (chidwi-reactivity, zikhumbo zogwiritsa ntchito) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Ndizolakalaka kuganiza kuti "chilakolako chogonana" chimachotsa kuledzera. Ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi maphunziro osakwanira oledzeretsa amene angatenge chitsimikizo chotere.

Oeming, M. (2018). Kodi matenda atsopano amachititsa mantha? Kugonjetsa zolaula mu nkhani yamakono ya US. Zojambula Zachilendo, 5 (2), 213-216. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance, ndipo khalani ophunzira, Madita Oeming. Zowonjezera zowonjezera. Sikochita kafukufuku ndipo sichimapereka chidziwitso cha mitundu "yazogonana," yomwe ndi gawo lomwe imatumizidwa. Mwakutero, ndi lingaliro lina losatchulidwa molondola kuchokera pagulu Zolemba Zophunzira Zophunzitsa, mu Nkhani yaposachedwa ya Vita ya Madita Oeming achipembedzo omwe amadzinenera zolaula ndipo amavomereza kuti sakudziwa chilichonse chokhudza kusuta, kapena ma neuroscience, kapena maphunziro amitsempha ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kapena maphunziro amiseche pa zolaula, ndi zina zambiri:

Sindine katswiri wa mitsempha kapena katswiri wamaganizidwe amisala, chifukwa chake ndilibe luso loti ndione ngati zolaula ndizolowerera. Koma choyamba, tikambirana pakati pa omwe ali ndi ukadaulo uwu. Ngakhale WHO tsopano yasankha "kuchita zachiwerewere mopitirira muyeso", kuphatikizanso "kumwa kwambiri zolaula" , kuchokera ku 2022 mpaka onjezerani m'ndondomeko zawo. Ndipo kachiwiri, ndikuchita ndi china chosiyana kotheratu. Monga wasayansi wazikhalidwe, wotanthauzira ndakatulo, ndimamvetsetsa zolaula ngati nkhani.

Wophunzira ndakatulo?

Chidule cha Alliance sichabwino kwenikweni, ndipo chimamveka ngati chalembedwa ndi MindGeek:

Pakati pa magulu achipembedzo, owonetsetsa, komanso odana ndi zolaula, ndalama zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zakhala zikuthandiza kwambiri ndipo zimapindula kwambiri ndi nkhani yolaula. [Umboni?] Palimodzi iwo amapanga malo olimbikitsa ambiri m'dziko lonse lapansi omwe sazengereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yofunikira kuti athetsere kufufuza kosagwirizana (Prause ndi Fong 2015, 439).

Lankhulani za spin. Oeming amatanthauza magulu obalalika a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana ngati 'makina akuluakulu azachipatala, ”pomwe amanyalanyaza ponseponse, makampani opanga zolaula mabiliyoni ambiri, omwe akutsutsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ngakhale atakhala ndi umboni wowunikiridwa ndi anzawo. Oeming amatchulanso Pembedzero, akunena kuti "malo olandirira alendo "wa amagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yothetsera kafukufuku yemwe angakhale wotsutsana.

M'malo mwake, ndi Prause yemwe wagwiritsa ntchito "njira zilizonse zofunika" kuzunza ndi kunyoza aliyense amene anganene kuti zolaula zitha kuyambitsa mavuto. Ndi Prause yemwe wagwira ntchito mobisa kuyesera (mopanda chilungamo) kuti kafukufuku atsekedwe, oyankhula asiyitsidwe, ndi maphunziro omwe akukanidwa kuti asafalitsidwe ndi / kapena kubwezeredwa. Zambiri zosavomerezeka za Prause komanso nthawi zina zosaloledwa zalembedwa pamasamba otsatirawa:

• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 2)
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 3)
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 4)
• Ozunzidwa ndi Lipoti Lankhanza la Nicole Prause ndi Njira Zoyipa Zoyipa.
• Nicole Prause & David Ley akunena zabodza kuti Gary Wilson adachotsedwa ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Oregon University
• Zopempherera kuti zikhale ndi mapepala owonetsera za Sayansi ya Chikhalidwe (Park et al., 2016) adabwezeretsedwa
• Nkhani ya University of Wisconsin yophunzitsa aphunzitsi (Racquet) yomwe imalengeza apolisi onyenga ndi Nicole Prause (March, 2019)
• Chidindo Chachidakwa Choletsedwa Chogonjetsedwa ndi Amuna Osokoneza Ubongo (www.realyourbrainonporn.com)
• Mbiri yakale ya Nicole Prause, David Ley & @ BrainOnPorn yovutitsa & kunyoza Alexander Rhode wa NoFap
• Nicole Prause & David Ley apanga chinyengo pamlandu wonyoza a Don Hilton.
• Kuyesetsa kwa a Freuse kuti alepheretse Wilson kufooka; Lamulo lake loti abwezeretsedwe linakanidwa ngati lovuta ndipo ali ndi ngongole yayikulu pakulamula kwa SLAPP

Komabe, zochitika zina zambiri zakhala zikuchitika kuti sitili omasuka kuwululira - monga ozunzidwa ndi a Prause amaopa kubwezeretsa.

Mfundo yofunikira: Ngakhale kuti Prause akupitiriza kunena zabodza kuti ndi "wozunzidwa," ndi Prause yemwe adayambitsa kuzunzika konse kwa anthu ndi mabungwe omwe ali pamasamba omwe tawalemba. Palibe m'masambawa amene wazunza Nicole Prause. Maso ake amatsutsa kuti "akuwombera" kapena "misogyny" ndi "otsutsa zolaula" alibe zolemba zofunikira.

Umboni wonse Pemphero limapereka luso lokhazikitsa: mafotokozedwe amodzi, maimelo angapo kuchokera kwa iye kupita kwa ena omwe amafotokoza kuti akuzunzidwa, ndipo asanu amatsutsa ndikusiya makalata okhala ndi zifukwa zonama. Mudzaonanso umboni wodandaula wonyansa wodandaula Pemphero lakhala ndi mabungwe olamulira osiyanasiyana - omwe achotsedwa mwatsatanetsatane kapena kufufuzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Akuwoneka kuti akunyalanyaza madandaulo amenewa kuti apite kukafunsira zolinga zake zonse "pofufuza."

Pemphero silipereka zitsanzo zabwino zopezeka pa cyber-stalking kaya ndi Twitter, Facebook, kapena kulumikizana ndi masamba pa YBOP. Koma, Pemphero la Twitter likudyetsa kamodzi kokha mazana ndi mazana za ma tweets osalongosoka komanso osalondola omwe akuwombera Wilson ndi ena ambiri (Pemphero likuchotsapo ma tweets a 3,000). Mwachidule, Pemphero lapanga nthano ndi umboni wosatsimikizirika, pokhalapo mwatsatanetsatane mukugwirizana ndi makampani olaula.

Pembedzero, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka. Psychology, 120, 159-161. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause. Zowonjezera zowonjezera monga sizophunzira, M'malo mwake, ndemanga yayifupi iyi imadzinyenga ngati chitetezo cha Phunziro la 2015 lomwe likutsutsidwa kwambiri ndi Prause la EEG (lofotokozedwera kwina). Sizomwe zimalephera kuthana ndi vuto lililonse pamapepala 9 owunikiridwa ndi anzawo: Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015 Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Prause et al., 2015, sizomwe zimawoneka ngati. Pamene Prause molimba mtima adanena kuti iye yekha, kuphunzira kwakukulu kolakwika EEG anali debunked zolaula, Masankhulidwe asanu ndi atatu owonetsedwa ndi anzako amatsutsana. Mapepala onse a 9 amavomereza kuti Prause et al., 2015 kwenikweni kupeza chilakolako kapena chizoloŵezi cha anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri (chinthu chophatikizapo chizoloŵezi choledzera).

Pembedzero adatchulanso maphunziro omwewo m'kalata yake yomwe adadula ndikulemba patsamba la "kafukufuku" lomwe latsutsidwa pano. Zonena zonse za Prause ndikugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mapepala omwe adasankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa (pomwe amanyalanyaza mazana omwe akutsutsana ndi zomwe akunena), zidasinthidwa apa: Chigamulo cha: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka "(2016), ndi Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.

Pembedzero, N., Janssen, E., Georgiadis, J., Finn, P., & Pfaus, J. (2017). Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana monga addictive. Lancet Psychiatry, 4 (12), 899. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliances Nicole Prause, Peter Finn, Erick Jansen & Janniko Georgiadis. Osati kuphunzira. Kalata iyi yolembedweramo Lancet, lolembedwa ndi alumikizi anayi (Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn ndi James Pfaus), anali yankho la kalata ina: Kodi kugonana koopsa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo? (Potenza et. al., 2017), olembedwa ndi akatswiri oledzera Marc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor ndi Shane Kraus.

Pano Pemphero likugwiritsanso ntchito mndandanda wa makalata ake kwa mkonzi monga "debunking" kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi kuwononga zolaula (kutchedwa "Kugonjetsedwa kwachisokonezo cha kugonana" m'tsogolo ICD-11). Komabe izo siziri. Izi Chidutswa cha maganizo a 240 (Prause et al., 2017) imatchula zero maphunziro kuti zitsimikizire zotsutsa zake, kupatsa chiganizo chimodzi chokha, chiganizo chophweka mosavuta monga "umboni" wokha wotsutsana ndi chizolowezi choledzera:

Komabe, maphunziro osayesa sagwirizana ndi zinthu zofunikira zowonongeka monga kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito, kuvutika kulimbikitsa zofuna, zoipa, kuperewera kwa malipiro, kuchepa kwa matenda, kutha kwachangu, kapena kupititsa patsogolo.

Izi zambiri, Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana ngati mankhwala" (Prause et al., 2017), adalitsiratu zozizwitsa zomwe zalembedwa mu kalatayi. Ikuwunikizitsanso chithandizo chochuluka chothandizira pazinthu zofunika kwambiri za kuledzera, zomwe Prause et al. Kunena zabodza sikusowa kafukufuku wamakono. Monga momwe muwonera, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, vuto lalikulu lokhazikitsa zofuna, zotsatira zoipa, kuperewera kwa mphotho, matenda ochotsera, ndi kulekerera / zizolowezi zonse zakhala zikudziwika mu maphunziro ambiri okhudza zolaula / maphunziro a CSB. Komanso, ziwalo zobvomerezeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mowa mwauchidakwa, monga kutsekemera, (kukhudzidwa-kuyanjanitsa / kulakalaka), kukonda zochepa, zosavomerezeka zopanda ntchito, ndi kuyankha kwapadera kwazinthu zonse zakhala zikudziwika mwazinthu izi Zotsatira za 42 za sayansi.

Mwachidziwitso, atatu a a Prause omwe ali olowa nawo Lancet Anaperekanso mayina awo ku 2016 yake yakale Salt Lake Tribune Nkhondo yowonongeka yotsutsana ndi mankhwala atsopano ndi malo ake pa zolaula pa intaneti. Icho Salt Lake Tribune Mawu a 600-Op-Ed anali ophwanyidwa ndi zitsimikizo zosagwirizana zomwe zinayesedwa kuti zisocheretse anthu omwe anali nawo. Ndipo olemba ake, Pembedzero ndi abwenzi, alephera kuthandizira zomwe adanena. Op-Ed inafotokoza mapepala a 4 okha - osagwirizana ndi zolaula, zolaula pa maubwenzi, kapena mavuto opatsirana pogonana. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti awonongeke pa Prause Op-Ed: Op-Ed: Ndani kwenikweni amene amanenera zabodza za sayansi pa zolaula? (2016). Mosiyana ndi "ma neuroscientists" a Op-Ed oyamba, olemba mayankho adatchulapo maphunziro mazana angapo ndi ndemanga zambiri za mabuku zomwe zinkalimbikitsa mawu awo.

Kutembenukira ku Prause Lancet khama, tiyenera kunena kuti palibe imodzi mwa asanu Prause et al., Osindikizira a 2017 adasindikizapo phunziro lophatikizapo atsimikiziridwa "zolaula kapena oledzera."Komanso, ena omwe anasaina Prause Lancet kalata ali nayo mbiri ya kukana mwadzidzidzi ndi kutsutsa lingaliro la zolaula ndi chizolowezi chogonana (motero kusonyeza kukondera kwapadera). Mosiyana, aliyense wa asanu Potenza et al. Olemba a 2017 (omwe analemba kalata yoyamba pa nkhaniyi Lancet) yasindikiza maphunziro ochuluka okhudza nkhani zokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (kuphatikizapo maphunziro apamwamba a ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi oledzera).

Walton, MT, & Bhullar, N. (2018). Chizolowezi chogonana monga vuto lachidziwitso: kuyembekezera deta ya dera. Zosungira zochitika zogonana, 1-5. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Osati kuphunzira. Ndi ndemanga ya akatswiri azakugonana awiri (ngakhale akatswiri asayansi) omwe nthawi zambiri amagawana mapepala ndi membala wa Alliance James Cantor. Zowonjezerapo kukwera kwamitengo ndi kusankha kwamatcheri. Ndemanga iyi yamasamba atatu imangotchula mapepala 3 okha: asanu ndi atatu awo ndi ena asanu ndi mamembala a Alliance. Ndemanga imalephera kutchula iliyonse ya Zotsatira za 43 za sayansi lofalitsidwa pamitu ya CSB kapena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. M'malo mongotchula ndemanga ya Walton yonena za "Khalidwe Lachiwerewere" chifukwa chiyani a Deniers sanapereke ndemanga zodalirika izi, zofalitsidwa mgazini yomweyi?

• Kusiyanitsa Zojambulazo Zowononga Zolemba za Sayansi za Kugonana Kwachiwerewere monga Matenda (2017)
• Umboni wa Pudding Ndi Wotsekemera: Deta Ndizofunika Kuyesera Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Kwachinyengo (2018)
  

Eya, sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe akukana.

Ley, DJ (2018). Pusudoscience pambuyo pa malamulo a zaumoyo. Zojambula Zachilendo, 5 (2), 208-212. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Ndi membala wa Alliance David Ley. Osati kuphunzira. Kuchita manyazi, zolakwika, zowonongeka zofalitsa zolaula zomwe zimawoneka ngati za Ley's Psychology Today zolemba pamabulogu. YBOP sanawone chifukwa chofunira mayankho a Ley omwe amafalitsidwa modabwitsa Zolemba Zophunzira Zophunzitsa. Kuti mumvetsetse mfundo iliyonse yolankhula, YBOP ikuwonetsa nkhaniyi - Kudandaula David Ley anayankha Philip Zimbardo kuti: "Tiyenera kudalira sayansi yabwino mu zokambirana za zolaula"(March, 2016), kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa Ley ndi kachilombo kopanda pake - Mvetserani wa "Emperor Alibe Zovala: Kubwereza za 'Zithunzi Zolaula'”(2014), David Ley, Nicole Prause & Peter Finn. Zowonjezeranso zamtengo wapatali.

Zindikirani: Ley et al., 2014 inafalitsidwa ndi nyuzipepala Mauthenga Amakono Akugonana Amagonana, mu gawo lawo la "Mikangano Yamakono." Mkonzi wa Gawo Lotsutsana, motero pepala la Ley, anali membala wa Alliance Charles Moser. Moser pambuyo pake adagwirizana ndi Ley ndi Prause ku "debunk" zolaula ku Msonkhano wa February 2015 a International Society for the Study of Women Sexual Health: Ley, Prause, Moser kenako Mauthenga Amakono Akugonana Amagonana mkonzi wamkulu Perelman anapereka ndemanga ya ola limodzi la 2: "Kugonana, Kugonana, kapena OCD wina? ” A Deniers awa akhala akugwira ntchito limodzi, ndi zolinga, kwazaka zambiri.

Pembedzero, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Kusinthasintha kwazomwe zingatheke posachedwa ndi zionetsero za kugonana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zovuta zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi "zolaula". Psychology, 109, 192-199. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Ndi membala wa Alliance Chithunzi cha Nicole. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Prause et al., 2015, sizomwe zimawoneka ngati, ndipo sizinamize chilichonse. Pamene Prause molimba mtima adanena kuti iye yekha, kuphunzira kwakukulu kolakwika EEG anali debunked zolaula, Mapepala owunikiranso a 8 samagwirizana. Mapepala onse asanu ndi atatu amavomereza zimenezo Prause et al., 2015 mwina idapeza chilolezo kapena malo okhala mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (chinthu chogwirizana ndi chizolowezi)Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015

Zotsatira: Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa zolaula zawo" anali ndi ubwino wochepa wa kuchitapo kanthu kwa kamodzi kamodzi pa zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. The wolemba wamkulu amati zotsatira izi "debunk zolaula." Chani wasayansi wodalirika anganene kuti phunziro lawo lokha lauchidwi ladandaula a malo ophunziridwa bwino?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapeza Prause et al. 2015 iyanjana bwino ndi Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014), omwe adapeza kuti zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Prause et al. zofufuziranso zikugwirizana ndi Banca et al. 2015 lomwe liri #13 mndandanda uwu. Komanso, maphunziro ena a EEG adapeza kuti zolaula zambiri mwa amayi zimayenderana ndi zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo uzichita zolaula. Kuwerenga kotsika kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti maphunziro sanatengere chidwi ndi zithunzi. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri sanasangalale ndi zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Iwo anali otopetsa (ozolowera kapena osakhudzidwa). Onani izi YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa.

Pemphero linalengeza kuti malemba ake a EEG anayesedwa "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozoloŵera. Ngakhale kuti Prause anali wolondola, iye amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lachinyengo chake mu "zonena zabodza": Ngati Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 24 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Sayansi sizimapita ndi phunziro lokhalo lokhalitsa lokhalokha lokhazikika chifukwa cha zolakwika zazikulu; sayansi ikupita ndi kusokonezeka kwa umboni (kupatula iwe zimayendetsedwa).

Mwina mukudabwa kuti chifukwa chiyani Phunziro loyamba komanso lotchuka kwambiri la EEG siliphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamaphunziro a Alliance: Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chikugwirizana ndi mauthenga okhudza matenda opatsirana pogonana Opangidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana (Steele et al., 2013). Pambuyo pake, zonsezi zinachitika m'ma TV monga umboni wotsutsa kuwonetsa zolaula / kugonana. Komanso, David Ley ndi wophunzira wowerenga Nicole Prause adayamba kulembera Psychology Today zolemba za blog Steele et al., 2013 yotchedwa "Ubongo Wanu pa Zolaula - SIMASULUTSA". (Apanso akutsutsa Gary Wilson ndi webusaiti yake).

Ndicho chifukwa chake: Steele et al. anapeza zotsatira zomwe zikutsutsana ndi a Prause et al., Zotsatira za 2015. Kapena mungaganize choncho ngati mukufanizira zochitika za maphunziro awiri a EEG. Zoonadi, Steele et al. - monga Prause et al. - Zimapereka chitsimikiziro kuti pali zovuta zowononga zolaula komanso zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa kugonana. Mwanjira yanji? Steele et al. adalemba ma EEG apamwamba (zosiyana ndi zithunzi zosaloŵerera) pamene nkhanizo zinkawonekera mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti P300 yakwezeka imachitika pamene anthu oledzera amawonekera (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo. Chodabwitsa, wolankhulira Prause adanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi "libido," komabe zotsatira za phunziroli zikunena zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha phunziro la kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chinawonongeka poyerekezera ndi zolaula zawo).

Pamodzi izi Steele et al. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa zochitika zazikulu muubongo (zithunzi zolaula), koma zocheperanso poyerekeza ndi mphotho zachilengedwe (kugonana ndi munthu). Ndiko kulimbikitsa ndi kukhumudwitsa, zomwe ndizizindikiro zakuledzera. Mapepala asanu ndi awiri owunikiridwa ndi anzawo amafotokoza izi: Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Steele et al., 2013

Kupatula pazinthu zambiri zomwe sizinagwirizane muzofalitsa, zikudodometsa kuti phunziro la Prause la 2013 EGG lapititsa ndondomeko ya anzawo, monga momwe anavutikira ndi zolakwika zolakwika: 1) maphunziro osagwirizana (amuna, akazi, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha); Zithunzi za 2) zinali osayang'aniridwa ndi matenda kapena matenda oledzera; Kuphunzira kwa 3) kunali palibe gulu lolamulira poyerekezera; Mayankho a 4) anali zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula kapena zolaula. Steele at al. ndi zolakwika kwambiri kuti 4 yokha ya zolemba za 21 zolemba ndi ndemanga Khalani ovuta kuti muzitchule: Awiri amatsutsa ngati sayansi yosavomerezeka, pamene awiri amanena kuti kugwirizana ndi chiyanjano ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu.

Ndikofunika kudziwa zimenezo Prause et al., 2015 AND Steele et al., 2013 anali nawo nkhani zomwezo. Nchifukwa chiyani phunziro lachiwiri pa gulu ili? Chifukwa Steele et al. analibe gulu lolamulira kuti lifanane! Kotero Prause et al., 2015 poyerekeza ndi maphunziro a 2013 kuchokera Steele et al., 2013 ku gulu lenileni lolamulira (ngakhale kuti izi zikutengera zolakwika zofanana zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira zake: Poyerekeza ndi zolamulira, "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa zolaula zawo" anali ndi ubongo wochepa kuchitapo kanthu kwachiwiri pa zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. Zotsatira za ZOCHITIKA za Prause awiri a EEG amaphunzira:

1. Steele et al., 2013: Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukira-zolaula zolaula anali nazo Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu, koma osati zofuna zodzikweza.
2. Prause et al., 2015: "Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" anali nawo Zochepa kugwiritsira ntchito ubongo kuti ziwononge zithunzi za vilonda zolaula. Mavesi a m'munsi a EEG amatanthauza kuti "zolaula" nkhani sizingasamalire zithunzizo.

Nayi ndemanga ya madokotala azakugonana ochokera ku labu lotsogola ku Spain lomwe likuwunika maphunziro a 2 EEG a Prause: Steele et al., 2013 & Prause et al., 2015: Kugonjetsa Kwachinyamata pa Intaneti: Zimene Timadziwa ndi Zimene Sitili-Kusanthula Mwadongosolo (2019). (Zindikirani: ndemanga 105 ndi Steele, ndemanga 107 ndi Pembedzero.)

Umboni wa chilakolako ichi chachisindikizo chachisudzo chapamwamba kwambiri chikuwonekera makamaka ku prefrontal cortex [101] ndi amygdala [102,103], pokhala umboni wolimbikitsa. Kugwira ntchito m'zigawo za ubongo uku kukumbukira za ndalama zapadera [104] ndipo zingakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana. Komanso, pali mawerengedwe apamwamba a EEG mwa ogwiritsira ntchitowa, komanso chilakolako chogonana ndi wokondedwa, koma osati kugonana ndi zolaula [105], chinachake chomwe chimasonyezanso kusiyana kwa khalidwe la erection [8]. Izi zitha kuonedwa ngati chisonyezo chakusalidwa.

Komabe, kafukufuku wa Steele ali ndi zolakwika zingapo zomwe angaganizire (kutengera kusagwirizana, kusowa kuwunika kwa zovuta zamaganizidwe kapena zosokoneza bongo, kusowa kwa gulu lolamulira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwe sanatsimikizidwe kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula) [106]. Phunziro la Prause [107], nthawi ino ndi gulu lolamulira, linayankhulanso zotsatirazi. Udindo wa chidziwitso chokhudzidwa ndi chilakolako cha chitukuko cha kugonana kwa azimayi ogonana ndi azimayi ogonana ndi abambo amathandizidwa kuti azigonana ndi amuna okhaokha [108] ndi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha [109].

Achinyamata Gawo

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Monga nthawi zonse, Denier's Alliance (RealYBOP) imangopereka zochepa chabe zamaphunziro aposachedwa kapena ma fillers kuti anyenge atolankhani komanso anthu kuti zolaula sizowopsa kwa achinyamata. Monga magawo ena, Alliance sinaperekenso ndemanga pazolemba kapena zofufuza za meta. Chifukwa chiyani Alliance idasiya ndemanga za 14 pazakuonera zolaula komanso "Achinyamata" (achinyamata): ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15, kuwunika # 16.

Chifukwa chiyani Alliance inasiya maphunziro onse a 280 mu mndandandanda wonse wa mapepala owonetseredwa ndi anzawo omwe amayang'ana zolaula zomwe zimakhudza achinyamata? Yankho lake ndi lomveka bwino: kuwunikiranso, monga ndimaphunziro ambiri, sikugwirizana ndi malingaliro a Alliance a zolaula. Apa tikupereka ndemanga zomwe Alliance idachotsamo ndi zina zofunikira:

Zotsatira za Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Ukwati ndi Banja: Kubwereza kafukufuku (2006) - Zolemba:

Kufufuza njira zowonongeka za zolaula za pa Intaneti, komabe, ndizosawerengeka ndipo gawo la kafukufuku wamakono ndilochepa. Kufufuza kwa kafukufuku komwe kulipo kunali kochitidwa ndipo zowonongeka zambiri zinawululidwa. Ngakhale zambiri sizikudziwika pokhudzana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti paukwati ndi mabanja, deta yomwe ilipo imapereka chidziwitso choyamba cha opanga ndondomeko, ophunzitsira, odwala, ndi ochita kafukufuku.

Zotsatira zachindunji kwa ana ndi achinyamata Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimaonedwa kuti zimakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapena kukumana ndi zolaula okha:

1. Ngakhale zili zoletsedwa, achinyamata amakhala ndi zovuta zolaula ndipo izi zingathe kukhumudwitsa, kusokoneza, kuzunza, ndi / kapena kusintha mankhwala.

2. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa, kunyengedwa, kusocheretsedwa, kapena "kugwedezeka" pofuna kuona zolaula pa Intaneti.

3. Kafufuzidwe amasonyeza kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula kungathandize achinyamata kukhala osakayikira komanso kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro monga kusekedwa, mantha, manyazi, mkwiyo, mantha, ndi chisoni.

4. Kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti ndi / kapena kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana za kugonana kungapweteke chikhalidwe cha achinyamata ndi kugonana kwa achinyamata komanso kuchepetsa kupambana kwawo mu ubale wam'tsogolo.

5. Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paunyamata zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kugonana koyambirira, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana ndi abambo komanso kugonana ndi anthu omwe sali nawo pachibwenzi.

Masewera a Misala pa Kugonana kwa Achinyamata Kuwonetsa Zomwe Zimayesedwa Chifukwa cha Causality (2011)

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi momwe anthu ambiri amaonera zokhudzana ndi kugonana akhala akuchedwa kuwonjezeka ngakhale kuti pali umboni wochuluka wokhudzana ndi kugonana muzofalitsa. Zomwe anthu akuchita zokhudzana ndi kugonana zakhala zikusintha kwambiri zaka zaposachedwapa, komabe, monga ofufuza azinthu zosiyanasiyana adayankha kuyitanira ku malo ofunikira a maphunziro a kugonana. Cholinga cha chaputala chino ndikuwongolera gawo la maphunziro ochulukirapo pa zotsatira za kugonana kuti mudziwe ngati ntchitoyi ikuthandizirani. TMakhalidwe abwino a Cook ndi Campbell (1979) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa cholinga chimenechi. Zili choncho kuti kachitidwe kafukufuku kameneka kamadutsa chiwerengero chazomwe zikuchitika komanso kuti mauthenga ambirimbiri amachititsa kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere la achinyamata la United States liwonongeke.

Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kupenda kafukufuku (2012) - Kuchokera pamapeto:

Kuwonjezeka kwa intaneti kwa achinyamata kumapanga mwayi wapadera wa maphunziro a kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zoopsa zomwe zimachitika m'mabukuzi zachititsa akatswiri kufufuza achinyamata kuti aziona zolaula pa Intaneti kuti athetse ubale umenewu. Pamodzi, maphunzirowa akusonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amawononga zolaula akhoza kukhala ndi zikhulupiliro zosagwirizana ndi kugonana. Mwa zomwe zapezazi, kuchuluka kwakusalolera zachiwerewere, kutengeka ndi zachiwerewere, komanso zoyeserera zakugonana kale zimayenderana ndi zolaula zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi….

Komabe, zotsatira zosasintha zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata zomwe zimasonyeza zachiwawa ndi machitidwe owonjezera achiwerewere. Mabukuwa akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata ndi malingaliro awo. Atsikana amati amadziona kuti ndi otsika kuposa azimayi omwe amawawona pazinthu zolaula, pomwe anyamata amawopa kuti sangakhale achichepere kapena okhoza kuchita ngati amuna atolankhaniwa. Achinyamata amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepa chifukwa chodzidalira komanso chitukuko chawo chikuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti, amakhala ndi mayanjano ocheperako, amachulukitsa pamakhalidwe, kuchuluka kwamakhalidwe olakwika, kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zachisoni, ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana kwamalingaliro ndi omwe amawasamalira.

Chibadwidwe Chatsopano Chogonana (2013) - Ngakhale sikunali kuwunika, inali imodzi mwa mapepala oyamba kusiyanitsa achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngati "apamwamba" a CSB. Mapeto:

Akuti chizolowezi chogonana chitha kusiyanitsidwa ndi ma etiologies awiri apadera. Wokonda "wamasiku ano" akuti ndiwosiyanako chifukwa chakuwonetsedwa kwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pazikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zachiwerewere, pomwe "chizolowezi" choyipa chimayendetsedwa ndi zoopsa, kuzunzidwa, kudzimva kosasunthika, kusokonekera kwa kuwongolera, manyazi, manyazi -zidziwitso zochokera, komanso zovuta zam'maganizo. Ngakhale onse atha kugawana zofananira (machitidwe okakamiza, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kuwonongeka kwa ubale), etiology ndi zina zamankhwala zitha kukhala zosiyana.

"Kugonana" kwachikale, pamene akukangana kwambiri, adayang'anitsitsa kwambiri mufukufuku, m'madera ogwira ntchito, komanso mu chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino. Njira zothandizira, ngakhale sizikufalikira, ziri zosiyanasiyana ndipo zilipo, ngakhale pokhapokha ngati maphunziro ovomerezeka okhudzana ndi kugonana akuchitidwa ku United States, omwe amachititsa odwala matendawa kukhala ogwira ntchito ndi "chikhalidwe" chogonana.

Kugonana kwamakono, komabe, ndichinthu chosadziwika, makamaka kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Kafukufuku ndi zolemba ndizochepa ndipo, chosangalatsa, zimasindikizidwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumayiko akunja kwa United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Kafukufuku wokhudza atsikana komanso chizolowezi chogonana sichipezeka. Chithandizo chapadera cha ana ndi achinyamata omwe amaphunzitsidwa zakugonana ndizachilendo kwambiri. Komabe ana ambiri, achinyamata, ndi achikulire akusowa chithandizo chamankhwala chotere, ndipo akatswiri akuchedwa kuyankha. Kafukufuku, zokambirana, ndi maphunziro amafunikira mwachangu kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa za achichepere kwambiri pakati pa anthu athu omwe akulimbana ndi mchitidwe wogonana.

Kodi kugonana ndizatsopano zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere ndi achinyamata? Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula meta (2016) - Kuchokera kumabuku:

Results: Maphunziro khumi ndi anai, onse opanga magawo osiyanasiyana, adakwaniritsa zofunikirazo. Kafukufuku asanu ndi mmodzi (otsogolera a 10 352) adafufuza kuti achinyamata adziwe kuti ali ndi SEWs ndi asanu ndi atatu (10 429) omwe adafunsidwa. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pa maphunziro pa kufotokozera ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira. Kafukufuku wa maeta adapeza kuti kusungidwa kwa SEW kunagwirizana ndi kugonana kosakondomu; Kutumizirana mauthenga okhudzana ndi kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugonana, kugonana komweko, kumwa mowa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo musanagonane, komanso anthu ambiri ogonana nawo posachedwapa. Maphunziro ambiri anali ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa zovuta zomwe zingakhale zovuta.

Mawuwo: Kafukufuku wamkati akuwonetsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kudziwonetsera kwadzidzidzi ku zochitika zogonana muzofalitsa zatsopano ndi khalidwe la kugonana kwa achinyamata. Maphunziro a kutalika kwapadera angapereke mpata wambiri wosinthira kukhumudwitsidwa, komanso kuzindikira bwino njira zowonongeka zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi mayanjano.

Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015 (2016) - Kuchokera pamabatani:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga zofufuza zoyenera za zotsatira zoyezetsa zolaula. Cholinga chake chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'mabuku a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Zonse za 109 zolemba zomwe zili ndi maphunziro a 135 zinayankhidwa. The zofukufuku zinapereka umboni wosatsutsika kuti ma laboratory onse amawonetsa komanso nthawi zonse, kufotokoza tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudzikonda kwambiri, kuthandizidwa kwakukulu ndi zikhulupiliro za kugonana komanso zikhulupiliro za kugonana, komanso kulekerera chiwawa chogonana kwa amayi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera mwachidwi pazinthu izi kumapangitsa amayi ndi abambo kukhala ndi lingaliro lochepa la luso la amayi, chikhalidwe, ndi umunthu.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Kubwereza Zaka Zakafukufuku za 20 (2016) - Kuchokera pamabatani:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi chinali kukhazikitsa kafukufuku wogwira ntchito omwe adafalitsidwa makanema a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pochulukirachulukira, kulosera zamtsogolo, komanso tanthauzo lakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana kwambiri. Achinyamata omwe ankaona zolaula kawirikawiri anali amuna, atapita patsogolo kwambiri, omwe ankafunafuna, ndipo anali ndi zofooka kapena zovuta m'banja. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zokhudzana ndi kugonana komweko. Zikuwoneka kuti zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi khalidwe logonana, komanso zachiwawa zogonana, zonse zokhudzana ndi chiwawa ndi kuzunzidwa.

Maubwenzi a kutalika pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi malingaliro ndi makhalidwe a achinyamata: Kuwerengera ndemanga kwa maphunziro (2017) - Zolemba:

Ndemanga iyi idawunikira kafukufuku wamtsogolo womwe umayang'ana zotsatira za zinthu zolaula pazikhalidwe za achinyamata, zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe awo.

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kupereka malingaliro owunikira a maphunziro ataliatali omwe amayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zolaula pa achinyamata. Magulu angapo apadera pakati pazinthu zolaula ndi malingaliro a achinyamata, zikhulupiliro ndi zomwe adachita zidafotokozedwa m'maphunzirowa. Zinthu zolaula zimawoneka kuti zimakhudza malingaliro angapo okhudzana ndi kugonana, zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi jenda, mwayi wokhala wogonana komanso wogonana.

Tadawunikanso kafukufuku yemwe adazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudza malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana za achinyamata, monga kutengeka ndi kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), kusatsimikizika pazakugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), the kukakamira azimayi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), malingaliro azisangalalo ndi zololera (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), malingaliro osiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (Brown & L'Engle, 2009) ndikuwunika thupi (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Zovuta Zakuwonetsedwa Pazokhudzana Ndi Nkhani Zogonana Pazaka Zapakati pa Achinyamata Ndi Achinyamata Omwe Akukumana Nawo Zachiwawa Zogonana Maganizo ndi Zosangalatsa: Kuwunikiranso Kwambiri Mabukuwa (2017) - Zosintha:

Chiwawa chokhala pachibwenzi (DV) ndi nkhanza zogonana (SV) ndizovuta zomwe zikuchuluka pakati pa achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe akutuluka. Gulu lokhala ndi mabuku likuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa pazowonera zolaula (SEM) ndi makanema olaula (SVM) atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha DV ndi SV. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikuwunikira komanso kuwunikira mabuku athu mwatsatanetsatane pa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pakuwonekera kwa SEM ndi SVM pa DV ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe a SV. Kafukufuku wofufuza 43 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achinyamata ndi omwe akutukuka adawunikiridwa, ndipo zonse pamodzi zapeza kuti:

(1) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndizogwirizana ndi nthano za DV ndi SV komanso kuvomereza kwambiri malingaliro a DV ndi SV;

(2) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuvutitsidwa kwa DV ndi SV, kufalikira, komanso kusayang'anira;

(3) SEM ndi SVM zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe amunthu a DV ndi SV kuposa machitidwe azikhalidwe za DV ndi SV; ndipo

(4) malingaliro owoneka bwino okhudzana ndi DV ndi SV ndi makonda azosinthasintha amasintha ubale womwe uli pakati pa SEM ndi SVM komanso DV ndi malingaliro a SV ndi machitidwe.

Zithunzi Zolaula Zagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Kufufuza Zowonongeka kwa Zotsatira za Kafukufuku 2000-2017. (2018) - Zambiri zochokera kumagawo okhudzana ndi zolaula pa wogwiritsa ntchito:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi yowonongeka ndikupanga mapepala a chidwi pa kafukufuku m'munda ndikuyang'ana ngati zotsatira zowonjezera zakhala zikuchokera m'madera ofufuza.

Maganizo a Anthu Ogonana - Kawirikawiri, maphunziro a 21 anafufuza momwe achinyamata akugonana ndi makhalidwe awo pa kugonana poyerekeza ndi PU. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zolinga zowononga zolaula zakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi maganizo oyenera kuganizira PU komanso zomwe zimawathandiza kuti achinyamata azigonana komanso azigonana..

Kukula - Kulimbana, Kuwona zolaula kwapezeka kuti zimakhudza kukula kwa makhalidwe, komanso makamaka omwe amapita ku chipembedzo paunyamata. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kuyang'ana zolaula kwasonyezedwa kuti kumachititsa kuti achinyamata azikhala okhulupilira pa nthawi, osagwirizana ndi amuna.

Kuthetsa - Kuwonetsa zolaula / zachiwerewere zikuwonekera kukhala kofala pakati pa achinyamata, omwe amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga chiopsezo, ndipo, makamaka kwa akazi, akugwirizana ndi mbiri ya chizunzo. Komabe, kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti zolaula sizinayambe kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogonana komanso kuti chilakolako choonera zolaula sichimawoneka kuti sichimayambitsa khalidwe logonana pakati pa achinyamata. Ngakhale izi, oZotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kuwonetsera mwachangu kwa PU kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto apamwamba pakati pa achinyamata, kugonjetsedwa kwapakati pachitetezo cha kugonana ndi kugonana pa Intaneti pachitetezo chogonana ndi chigwirizano cha anyamata cha chilakolako chogonana ndi chizunzo chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse.

Malingaliro Amaganizo Aumaganizo - Momwemo, komanso ngakhale maphunziro ena osatsimikizira kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa thanzi laumphaŵi ndi PU, zowonjezera zomwe zimawoneka pa PU yapamwamba paunyamata nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi zapamwamba (mwachitsanzo. kuvutika maganizo) ndi mavuto a khalidwe. Mu mzere umenewo, Luder Et al. analongosola kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa PU ndi mawonetseredwe opweteka ndi amuna omwe akupereka chiopsezo chachikulu. Zomwe anapezazi zinali zogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa nthawi yaitali zomwe zikuwulula kuti zikhalidwe zaumphaŵi zosautsa zaumphawi zinkakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko chogwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti pakati pa anyamata achichepere.

Zolemba Pamanja - Cacikulu, zikuoneka kuti pali kuvomereza kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsira ntchito Intaneti pa zolaula amasiyana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe la achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti adziŵe, kulankhulana kwabwino ndi zosangalatsa.

Makhalidwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito Pa intaneti - Machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti anafufuzidwa mu 15 kuchokera pa maphunziro a 57 omwe anaphatikizidwa mu ndemanga yangapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makhalidwe omwe achinyamata akuwonetsedwa pa zolaula pa Intaneti ndi kugwiriridwa ndi kugonana ndikuphatikizapo maulendo apamwamba a masewera a pa Intaneti, machitidwe oopsa a pa intaneti, kuwonetsa maganizo ndi mawonetseredwe opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a pakompyuta, ndi kudzigonjera paokha mwachindunji pa Intaneti.

Zochita Za Achinyamata Achinyamata - AKuchita zachiwerewere za achinyamata pa PU kunkafufuzidwa mu maphunziro a 11, ndi maphunziro onse akudziwitsa zotsatira zabwino. Phunziro lopangidwa ndi Doornward, Et al. anapeza kuti anyamata achichepere 'omwe amachita zachiwerewere, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito malonda a intaneti, amanena kuti anthu ambiri amadziona kuti ndi odzikuza, amadzidalira kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi chidwi chogonana kwambiri. Pachifukwachi, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anyamata omwe adapezeka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti adalandira chivomerezo cha anzawo ndipo amasonyeza zambiri zomwe akuganiza pogonana. Kuwonjezera apo, anyamata omwe amasonyeza kuti zolaula kawirikawiri amayamba kukhala ndi chiwerewere ali wamng'ono komanso kuti azigonana mosiyanasiyana.

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Hesse, C., & Pedersen, CL (2017). Kugonana kogonana motsutsana ndi chiwerewere chenicheni: Momwe zolaula zimapangidwira kumvetsetsa kwathu za thupi, mawonekedwe, ndi machitidwe. Kugonana & Chikhalidwe, 21 (3), 754-775. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Choyamba, zaka zapakati pazaka 24, ndiye kuti izi sizophunzira za "unyamata." Chachiwiri, maphunziro ake ambiri anali achikazi, chifukwa chake kafukufukuyu sanali woyimira. Chachitatu, kupeza kwakukulu kuti owonera zolaula amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zochepa paziwonetsero zakugonana & physiology sizodabwitsa. Mukamawona bwino kukumbukira kwanu. Zitha kuwoneka ngati zachikale, koma wina atha kungowerenga mosavuta zolemba za pa intaneti monga kuwonera zolaula kuti aphunzire zamatenda.

Koma "Ophunzirawo akufotokoza zotsatira zabwino zodzionetsera zokha za SEM kumwa kuposa zotsatira zoipa,"Izi ziyenera kuyembekezera pamene phunziroli likugwiritsa ntchito zolemba zojambula zolaula zomwe zimadziwika kuti Zojambula Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zolaula (PCES). Monga tafotokozera mu izi YBOP ndi pulofesa wa maganizo ndi kuphunzira kupanga PCES atha kukhala maphunziro owonetsa zolaula omwe adatulutsidwa (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

The PCES Mafunso apangidwa ndikupangidwa kotero kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwiritse ntchito phindu lalikulu. Ndipotu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kusowa kwa zolaula kumakhudza moyo wanu molingana ndi chida ichi. Izi sizowonjezereka monga maphunziro ochuluka a PCES kwanitsa zomwezo! Izi Ndemanga yamavidiyo ya 7 ya PCES kuwulula zotsatira zoyambirira za Hald & Malamuth kuchokera pazomwe pulofesa wokhumudwa wa psychology adatcha "zovuta maganizo":

• Kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi nthawi zonse kunali kopindulitsa - ndi zochepa, ngati zilizonse, zosokoneza, kwa aliyense.
• Kuwonetsa zolaula kwambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamoyo wanu. Mwachidule, "Kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino."
• Kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe mumakonda kwambiri kugonana, momwe mumakhulupirira kuti amaimira kugonana kwenikweni, ndipo mumakhala ndi maliseche kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo wanu.

Ma PCES nthawi zonse amafotokoza ubwino chifukwa:

1. Hald & Malamuth mwachisawawa adasankha zomwe "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa" zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo "kuwonjezera pazidziwitso zanu zakugonana kumatako" kumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse, pomwe "kuchepetsa malingaliro anu ogonana" kumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse.
2. PCES imapereka kulemera kofanana kwa mafunso omwe samafufuza zotsatira zofanana. Mwachitsanzo "Wonjezerani zomwe mumadziwa zokhudza kugonana kwa abambo?"Akhoza kuchotsa"Kodi zatsogolera mavuto ku moyo wanu wa kugonana?"Kaya mukuganiza kuti zotsatira zenizeni ndi zotsatira zabwino, sizili ngati zofanana ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito (kuthetsa ntchito, kusudzulana), kapena mavuto mu moyo wanu wa kugonana (erectile dys function, no sex drive).

M'mawu ena, ukwati wanu ukhoza kuwonongeka ndipo mutha kukhala ndi ED, koma mapiritsi anu a PCES angathe kusonyeza kuti zolaula zakhala zabwino kwa inu. Monga munthu akuchira wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adati atatha kuona Mafunso a 47 PCES: "Yeah, ndasiya maphunziro a yunivesite, ndinayambitsa mavuto ndi zizoloŵezi zina, sindinakhale ndi chibwenzi, ndataya abwenzi, ndinalowa ngongole, ndikukhala ndi ED komanso sindinayambe kugonana. Koma osachepera ndimadziwa za zochitika zonse zolaula zomwe ndikuchita ndipo ndikufulumira pa malo osiyanasiyana. Eya, makamaka zolaula zandipindulitsa moyo wanga wonse. "

Spišák, S. (2016). 'Kulikonse kumene akunena kuti ndizovulaza koma sakunena momwe, ndikufunsanso apa': achinyamata, zolaula ndi zokambirana ndi ziganizo za ngozi ndi zovulaza. Maphunziro a Pagonana, 16 (2), 130-142. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Chidule cha Alliance chidati, "VNdi ochepa mwa achinyamata omwe amakumana ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo amadziona ngati ovulaza. M'malo mwake, ndi nkhani yovuta yomwe imakhala yosokoneza. Kafukufuku sapeza umboni wosatsimikizirika wa zovulaza zomwe achinyamata amakumana nazo pa zolaula. "

Chidulechi chimasiya mfundo zofunika. Phunziroli likuchokera pa zosakanikirana ndi mafunso osadziwika omwe amaperekedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa intaneti zomwe achinyamata ndi achinyamata amakhulupirira (mu 2013). Mafunso ochepa okha ndi okhudza zolaula. Kuchokera pa phunziro:

Pepala ili limapanga pa deta yomwe ili ndi mafunso a 4212 okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe anatumizidwa ndi achinyamata ku Finland kwa akatswiri okhudzana ndi kugonana. 64 yokha (1.5%) ya zopereka izi ndizowonetsa zolaula.

Papepalali akupitiriza kuti:

Zoonadi, kusintha kwa thupi mu nthawi ya kutha msinkhu ndi zomwe zimaonedwa kuti 'zachibadwa' chitukuko mu thupi ndi kugonana ndi mafunso omwe kawirikawiri amafunsidwa. Nkhani zina zokhudzana ndi kugonana, mimba, matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso maubwenzi (onani Rinkinen 2012).

Wolemba akutiuza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikuyambitsa mavuto chifukwa ndi ochepa omwe amafunsa za izi. Zina mwazotheka zilipo: (1) ntchitozi sizingaganizidwe ngati njira yoyenera pamafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula, (2) zovuta za achinyamata zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zolaula, komabe amalephera kulumikizana, (3 Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala ponseponse - achinyamata amadziwa zambiri zolaula kuposa achikulire. Mulimonsemo, kafukufuku mazana ambiri amafotokoza zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zokhudzana ndi zolaula (onani mawu oyamba a gawo lino).

Chifukwa chakuti wachinyamata samagwirizanitsa zolaula zawo (kapena za amzake) ndi vuto silikutanthauza kuti zolaula sizigwira ntchito. Yembekezani zaka zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, a Kafukufuku wa 2019 BBC amasonyeza zimenezo 20% ya oonera zolaula 18-25 amati izi zakhudza luso lawo logonana. Pakati pa gawo limodzi la magawo khumi (24 peresenti) ya anthu omwe adafunsidwa adavomereza kuti adakakamizidwa kuti achite zinthu zomwe azimayi awona mu zolaula ndipo amodzi mwa asanu (19 peresenti) amavomereza kuti ayesa zinthu zomwe adaziwona pa zolaula ndipo adazidandaula . Oposa atatu (35 peresenti) amavomereza kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chogonana chifukwa cha zolaula. Pafupifupi kotala (23 peresenti) ya anthu a zaka zapakati pa 18-25 omwe amaonera zolaula amaganiza kuti akhoza kukhala osokoneza bongo.

Analysis: Wachiwiri ndi Alliance Alexander Štulhofer. Mofanana ndi maphunziro ena angapo omwe atchulidwa pano, maphunzirowa anali a Croatia a zaka zapakati pa 16 (Štulhofer akupitiriza kufunsa a zaka zapadera za 16 za iwo malingaliro za zolaula). Mu kafukufukuyu Štulhofer amafunsa azaka 16 zakubadwa za momwe amakhudzidwira ndi "kugonana," kupeza "palibe kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa zolaula za achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ndikukhutira ndi kugonana.”Osati mwachangu Stulhofer. Kafukufukuyu adanena kuti 90% ya amuna amawonera zolaula, pomwe ndi akazi ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Ganizirani zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza:

"Munthawi imeneyi, zolaula zomwe amuna amatenga nawo gawo kamodzi pamlungu. Mosiyana ndi izi, azimayi ambiri omwe atenga nawo gawo sananene kuti sanagwiritse ntchito zolaula. Poyerekeza ndi anzawo amtundu wawo, atsikana achikulire anali okhutira kwambiri ndi miyoyo yawo ya kugonana. "

Zosangalatsa, koma zonyalanyazidwa ndi The Deniers. Koma kodi phunziro lingayesetse molondola kugonana kwa anthu a zaka za 16? Kuchokera pa phunziro:

"Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo anali ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudzana ndi kugonana koyambirira ..."

Mafunso angapo: Ndili ndi zochepa zochepa, wamkulu wazaka 16 angaweruze bwanji kugonana kokwanira? Ndi angati a zaka za 16 omwe akugonana nthawi zonse? Mnyamata wamkulu wa 16 Sichoncho akunena kuti akugonana ndi zosangalatsa, osaganizira zogonana? Nanga bwanji zokhudzana ndi zolaula za zaka za 16 zomwe zikuwonera zolaula mmalo mwa kugonana - kodi ali kuti?

Monga tafotokozera kwina kulikonse, zotsatira zovulaza za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse zimawonekera patatha (makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu). Izi ndi zoona makamaka "kukhutira kugonana" komanso kukhutira ndi chiyanjano. Tidziwa bwanji? Kuphunzira kulikonse kwa amuna akuluakulu wanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana osauka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena ubale (onani Kufufuza kwa 70 kumagwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kukhutira ndi chibwenzi.)

Izi zati, a Denier adasiya maphunziro ena onse achichepere omwe amafufuza momwe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirira ntchito komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana (kuphatikiza kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali). Kudabwitsidwa - zolaula zonse zolumikizidwa ndizosakhutira pang'ono:

1. Zithunzi zolaula, kugonana, komanso kukhutira pakati pa anyamata (2008)
2. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009)
3. Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011)
4. Mauthenga Amayi Akazi Achikulire Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula za Amuna Awo Achikondi Amagwiritsira ntchito ngati Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubale Wawo, ndi Kugonana Kwaokha (2012)
5. Kawirikawiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikhulupiliro chochepa chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo ndi chiwawa pakati pa achinyamata achi China (2011)
6. Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011)

Mgwirizano wa Deniers udawululidwa.

Marengo, D., Settanni, M., & Longobardi, C. (2019). Mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana, kugonana, kugonana, komanso kuwonongeka pa intaneti m'zaka zachinyamata ku Italy: Kufufuza njira yothetsera mauthenga olaula ndi owonetsa zithunzi. Ntchito Yophunzitsa Ana ndi Achinyamata. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Zowonjezera zowonjezera kutsika, monga sichiwerengero cha zolaula zomwe zingatheke. Nchifukwa chiyani Otsutsa akulemba zolemba za sexting zomwe zinalephera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, liti maphunziro ena ambiri kodi awonanso mgwirizano pakati pa kutumizirana mameseji ndi zolaula? Eya, chifukwa kuponderezedwa kwa maphunziro kukugwirizanitsa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zolaula.

(Adasankhidwa) Rothman, EF, Adhia, A., Christensen, TT, Paruk, J., Alder, J., & Daley, N. (2018). Kalasi yophunzira zolaula za achinyamata: Zotsatira za phunziro loyendetsa bwino komanso lothandiza. Zolemba za American Sexual Education Education, 13 (1), 1-17. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Mmodzi mwa anthu a Alliance, Emily Rothman. Zowonjezera zowonjezera, popeza si kafukufuku wokhudza zolaula zomwe zingachitike. Iyenso ikuwoneka kuti ikulimbikitsa "Maphunziro a Kuwerenga Zolaula."

Kohut, T., & Štulhofer, A. (2018).Kodi zolaula zimayambitsa chiopsezo chachinyamata? Kupenda maubwenzi am'kati mwazigawo ziwiri zokha. PloS imodzi, 13 (8), e0202048. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ogwirizana ndi Alliance Taylor Kohut ndi Alexander Štulhofer. Avereji ya zaka 16, ndi ma Croatia okha (monga momwe ambiri amaphunzirira Štulhofer). Choyamba, monga tawonera pansipa, zovuta zoyipa zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo zaka zaunyamata. Chachiwiri, zomwe zidaphatikizidwazo zidaphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wa Kohut & Štulhofer pansipa, kotero titha kuwona maphunziro awiriwa ngati magawo awiri a kafukufuku m'modzi. Pomwe maphunziro onsewa akunena izi Kusintha zolaula sizinali zogwirizana Kusintha m'maganizo, onse apeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi umphawi wathanzi. Zowonjezera:

Komabe, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kudzidalira komanso zizindikiro za kupsinjika ndi nkhawa, ngakhale pakati pa akazi omwe ali achinyamata omwe ali m'gulu limodzi. Kuonjezera apo, kukhala ndi moyo wodzichepetsa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwowonongeka kwa ntchito zolaula, koma kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani maphunziro a Štulhofer akuwoneka kuti akupeza zovuta zochepa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, pomwe kusokonekera kwa kafukufuku kumapeza mavuto? Mwachitsanzo, tsambali lili ndi Kufufuza kwa 75 kumalumikiza zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito thanzi laumphawi wamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka. Ena mwa maphunzirowa ndi otenga nthawi yaitali ndipo ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amathetsa zolaula kwa nthawi ndithu.

Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., & Kohut, T. (2019).Mphamvu zakugonana kwa achinyamata zimagwiritsa ntchito komanso kukhala ndi thanzi lamaganizidwe: kukula kwakanthawi kwamitundu isanu ndi umodzi komanso njira yofananira. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-13. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ogwirizana ndi Alliance Taylor Kohut ndi Alexander Štulhofer. Choyamba, zomwe zafotokozedwazi zikuphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku yemwe ali pamwambapa wa Kohut & Štulhofer, chifukwa chake titha kuwona maphunziro awiriwa ngati magawo awiri a kafukufuku umodzi. Chachiwiri, azaka zapakati anali 2 (ma Croatia okha). Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo pake (zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu). Chachitatu, komanso chofunikira, chidule cha Alliance sichinapeze zotsatira zazikulu:

"Kuyanjana kwakukulu kwakupezeka pakati pa achinyamata ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula"

"Ochepa kwambiri komanso atakhala ndi nkhawa apezeka pakati pa achinyamata omwe anenapo zochepetsa zolaula"

Mwachidule, zolaula zambiri zimakhudzana ndi thanzi losauka mwa akazi, pomwe zolaula zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi kukhumudwa komanso nkhawa pakati pa amuna. Zotsatira za Štulhofer & Kohut zikuyimira zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi cherry, monga Kufufuza kwa 75 kumalumikiza zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito thanzi laumphawi wamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.

Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2011). TAmagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti komanso zizindikiro zake: Kuyerekezera kwa achinyamata ndi achikulire nthawi yaitali. Mbiri Zogonana, 40 (5), 1015-1025. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Nchifukwa chiyani pepala ili lidalembedwa? Zowonjezera zowonjezera, popeza si kafukufuku wokhudza zolaula zomwe zingachitike. Kafukufuku waku Dutch akuti amuna achikulire amakonda zolaula nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna achichepere, komabe izi sizigwirizana ndi maphunziro ena ambiri. Zaka zazambiri (kuchokera ku 2008), ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe m'dziko laling'ono, zitha kuwerengera zotsatira zoyipa. Kapenanso achinyamata achi Dutch amatha kunama pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zotsatira za 2008 sizikugwirizana ndi zambiri zaposachedwa -Achinyamata a ku Australia akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mayanjano ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere (2017). Phunziroli ku Australia, la zaka 15-29, linapeza kuti 100% ya amuna (82% ya akazi) adawona zolaula. Ndiponso, 69 peresenti ya amuna ndi 23 peresenti ya akazi poyamba ankawona zolaula pa zaka 13 kapena zazing'ono. Kuwonjezera apo phunziroli linanena kuti zolaula zambiri zomwe zimawonetseratu zikugwirizana ndi mavuto a thanzi la m'maganizo.

Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2014).Mayanjano omwe achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso makanema anyimbo komanso momwe amatumizirana zolaula. Cyberpsychology, Behaeve, ndi Social Networking, 17 (12), 772-778. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Monga chidule cha Alliance chidati "Zizolowezi zolaula zolaula zinkakhudzana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, polamulira zaka, chikhalidwe, sukulu, ndi intaneti."

Mafilimu kapena chiwerewere

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Deniers 'conundrum: chochita Zofufuza zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito zotsatira zoipa zambiri? Popeza kuti Otsutsa amatha kutulutsa maphunziro osokoneza bongo komanso maganizo ambirimbiri, iwo adakonza njira yatsopano yothandizira pulogalamu yawo yokhudzana ndi kugonana kwapadera: amatsutsa zolaula zonse pamaliseche m'malo mwake. (Nenani chani?)

In 2016 zingapo za Deniers (Ley & Prause) adakhala akatswiri oyamba kuyesa kutsimikizira dziko lapansi kuti maliseche, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zamagetsi, anali ndi udindo pa Kuthamanga kwakukulu muyezo wa erectile wosagwira ntchito mwa amuna pansi pa 40. "Phindu" la mfundo yolankhulirana imeneyi ndilo kuthekera kwake kuchititsa kukayikira maganizo a anthu pa zoopsa za zolaula. Ichi ndi chododometsa chodabwitsa kuchokera ku umboni wonse wonena za kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti zomwe zimavulaza.

Komabe, palibe maphunziro omwe a Deniers amatchulapo, kupatula chimodzi chokha, omwe samapereka chithandizo chochepa kwambiri cha hering'i yawo yofiira. Kupatula apo, pepala lolembedwa ndi katswiri wamagulu a anthu SL Perry, lomwe linalibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza kuseweretsa maliseche, sizongopeka chabe - monga tafotokozera pansipa.

Akatswiri owona za kugonana samanena kuti kugonana kumayambitsa achinyamata ED. Mwachidziŵikire urologists, akatswiri otsogolera kutsogolo kwaumoyo wa amuna, musatero. Chowonadi n'chakuti, palibe aliyense m'mbiri yamakono a masiku ano (kupatula anthu ochepa ogonana ndi amuna okhaokha) adayamba kunena kuti kusasula zolaula ndi chifukwa cha mavuto monga osatha Kusokonezeka kwa erectile mwa anyamata. Zoonadi, kudzionetsera maliseche kwakhala kopindulitsa kwa zaka zambiri. Physiologically, kukondweretsa kokoma kumadzitanthauzira bwanji kusintha kwa machitidwe ena ogwiritsira ntchito kugonana omwe ali ovuta kwambiri omwe amakumana nawo ndi enieni osakondanso? Kodi zikanakhoza bwanji kufotokozera nthawi zoopsya zomwe abambo ena akulemba pambuyo posiya zolaula? Kodi kuseweretsa maliseche kukufotokozera kutali? Phunziro la 70 likugwirizanitsa zolaula kugwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa kugonana ndi chiyanjano cha banja (kuphatikizapo maphunziro a 7 longitudinal)?

Ngakhale kuti Otsutsa ali osamveka mwachindunji pofotokoza chimodzimodzi momwe maliseche angapangitse ED kosatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, lingaliro lokhalo lomveka ndilokuti akuganiza kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumawopsya kwambiri kotero kuti iwo ovulala sangathe kukwanitsa. Vuto liri, vuto lotere ndilo mtundu wa organic ED (yosavuta kupeza ndi opereka chithandizo chaumoyo). Ngakhale pali maphunziro osiyanasiyana omwe amasonyeza a 500-1000% yowonjezera ED mwa amuna pansi pa 40, palibe phunziro lomwe limasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndikumbuyo kwakukula kwakukulu. Zoona zake n'zakuti, amuna ambiri omwe ali ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangidwira ED angathe kukwanitsa kuchita zinthu zowonongeka komanso kuti azichita maliseche pamapeto pake ... malinga ngati akuwona zolaula pa intaneti.

Mwachidule, mavuto osokonekera aumunthu kapena aumunthu, osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukondana ndi kugonana sizowonongeka ndi achinyamata ochita maliseche pokhapokha ngati akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zadijito. Mwambi wa Deniers 'Alliance ukuwoneka kuti ndi: "Sizingakhale zolaula .... china chilichonse koma zolaula."

Ponena za mapepala a Alliance, chimodzi chokha pepala amayesa kuwunika ngati "zolaula kapena maliseche ake", ndipo amalephera kutero chifukwa analibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza kuseweretsa maliseche (Perry, 2019). onse Mapepala otsala a Alliance alibe kanthu kochita ndi mutu wa nkhaniyi: "Kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche chifukwa cha zotsatira zolakwika?". RealYBOP akuyembekeza kuti palibe yemwe amayang'ana ntchito yake. Ife tinatero.

Mapepala a Alliance:

Carvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015).. Kuchita maliseche komanso zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana: Ndi maudindo angati okhudzana ndi maliseche? Zolemba pa zakugonana & maukwati, 41 (6), 626-635. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Wachiwiri ndi Alliance Alexander Štulhofer. Kutengera kutsika. Siziuza kalikonse za ngati "maliseche kapena makanema" (ngati kuti zolaula & maliseche zitha kupatulidwa moyenera m'maphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kokha). Maphunziro okha omwe amatsata ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe amasiya zolaula pakapita nthawi amatha kuyamba kuwunika zosiyana zakugonana ndi zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adawona kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso ubale wapansi. Zolemba pa kuphunzira:

Amuna omwe amadzidzudzula nthawi zambiri, 70% ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kamodzi pa sabata. Kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi kugonana, Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kugonana kwapafupi kwachuluka kunachulukitsa zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana komweko kawirikawiri pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana.

Mwa amuna [ndi chilakolako chogonana] amene ankaonera zolaula kamodzi pamlungu [mu 2011], 26.1% adanena kuti sangathe kulamulira zolaula zawo. Kuonjezera apo, amuna a 26.7% adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunakhudza kwambiri kugonana kwawo pakati pawo ndipo 21.1% adanena kuti ayesa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Owa - opitilira 25% adati zolaula zidasokoneza miyoyo yawo yogonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso kusungulumwa ndi omwe amagonana nawo. Simunapeze timadziti tating'onoting'ono pachidule cha Alliance.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NM (2008). Zomwe mumadziona nokha zakumwa zolaula. Zosungidwa zakale zakugonana, 37 (4), 614-625.

Kufufuza: Kutengera kutsika. Siziuza kalikonse za ngati ndi "maliseche kapena makanema". Kafukufukuyu adadziwika kuti Pornum Consumption Effect Scale (PCES). Monga tafotokozera mu izi YBOP ndi pulofesa wa maganizo ndi kuphunzira kupanga PCES atha kukhala maphunziro owonetsa zolaula omwe adatulutsidwa (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

The PCES Mafunso apangidwa ndikupangidwa kotero kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwiritse ntchito phindu lalikulu. Ndipotu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kusowa kwa zolaula kumakhudza moyo wanu molingana ndi chida ichi. Izi sizowonjezereka monga maphunziro ochuluka a PCES kwanitsa zomwezo! Izi Ndemanga yamavidiyo ya 7 ya PCES kuwulula zotsatira zoyambirira za Hald & Malamuth kuchokera pazomwe pulofesa wokhumudwa wa psychology adatcha "zovuta maganizo":

• Kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi nthawi zonse kunali kopindulitsa - ndi zochepa, ngati zilizonse, zosokoneza, kwa aliyense.
• Kuwonetsa zolaula kwambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamoyo wanu. Mwachidule, "Kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino."
• Kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe mumakonda kwambiri kugonana, momwe mumakhulupirira kuti amaimira kugonana kwenikweni, ndipo mumakhala ndi maliseche kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo wanu.

Ma PCES nthawi zonse amafotokoza ubwino chifukwa:

1. Hald & Malamuth mwachisawawa adasankha zomwe "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa" zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo "kuwonjezera pazidziwitso zanu zakugonana kumatako" kumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse, pomwe "kuchepetsa malingaliro anu ogonana" kumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse.
2. PCES imapereka kulemera kofanana kwa mafunso omwe samafufuza zotsatira zofanana. Mwachitsanzo "Wonjezerani zomwe mumadziwa zokhudza kugonana kwa abambo?"Akhoza kuchotsa"Kodi zatsogolera mavuto ku moyo wanu wa kugonana?"Kaya mukuganiza kuti zotsatira zenizeni ndi zotsatira zabwino, sizili ngati zofanana ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito (kuthetsa ntchito, kusudzulana), kapena mavuto mu moyo wanu wa kugonana (erectile dys function, no sex drive).

M'mawu ena, ukwati wanu ukhoza kuwonongeka ndipo mutha kukhala ndi ED, koma mapiritsi anu a PCES angathe kusonyeza kuti zolaula zakhala zabwino kwa inu. Monga munthu akuchira wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adati atatha kuona Mafunso a 47 PCES: "Yeah, ndasiya maphunziro a yunivesite, ndinayambitsa mavuto ndi zizoloŵezi zina, sindinakhale ndi chibwenzi, ndataya abwenzi, ndinalowa ngongole, ndikukhala ndi ED komanso sindinayambe kugonana. Koma osachepera ndimadziwa za zochitika zonse zolaula zomwe ndikuchita ndipo ndikufulumira pa malo osiyanasiyana. Eya, makamaka zolaula zandipindulitsa moyo wanga wonse. "

Baćak a, V., & Štulhofer, A. (2011). Maliseche pakati pa atsikana ogonana ku Croatia: Mayanjano ndi zachipembedzo komanso zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. International Journal of Health Health, 23 (4), 248-257. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Wogwirizanitsa ndi Alliance Alexander Stulhofer. Zowonjezera zowonjezera. Kafukufuku sakuuza chilichonse ngati ndi "maliseche kapena mafilimu". Alliance inali yolondola pachidule chawo:

60% ya amayi omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi akunena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche. Zithunzi zolaula zinali zamphamvu kwambiri, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi maliseche.

Kodi izi zikuti chiyani ngati "zolaula kapena maliseche" ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osangalala? Palibe.

Mthunzi, GM (2006). Kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi achiwerewere. Zosungira zolaula, 35 (5), 577-585. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera. Apanso, kafukufukuyu sanena chilichonse ngati ndi "maliseche kapena makanema". Mgwirizanowu unali wolondola, zaka zoyambirira zolaula zinali zokhudzana ndi zolaula monga anthu okalamba:

Poyerekeza ndi akazi, amuna amatha kuona zolaula ali aang'ono, amadya zolaula monga momwe zimayendera nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri pa nthawi yogonana okha.

Zotsatirazi zikhoza kutanthauziridwa mosavuta ngati kutulukira koyambirira koyambitsidwa kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha chizoloŵezi, kapena kuledzeretsa.

(Adasankhidwa) Ley D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014).Mfumuyo ilibe zovala: Kubwereza kwa 'zolaula zoipa'. Mauthenga okhudzana ndi kugonana amakono, 6 (2), 94-105. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Clark, CA, & Wiederman, MW (2000).Jenda komanso momwe zimachitikira ndi maliseche ogonana ndi anzawo. Zolemba Pakafukufuku Wogonana, 37 (2), 133-141. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera - popeza pepalali silikugwirizana ndi funso lomwe akuti: "kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche?"Izi zati, chidule cha Alliance chinapotoza zotsatirazi. Kuchokera kuzinthu zowoneka:

Poyerekeza ndi amuna, azimayi adawonetsa malingaliro okhumudwitsa okhudzana ndi kugonana komwe mnzawo amakhala nako. Kwa abambo ndi amai, momwe mnzake amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula zidayesedwa molakwika kuposa kuseweretsa maliseche za mnzake. Ponena za maudindo, panali kusiyana pankhani ya chikhulupiliro chokhudza kukhutirana ndi abwenzi. Omwe adayankha anali atawona momwe mnzake amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula m'malo mongoseweretsa maliseche ngati chizindikiro chosakhutira ndi mnzake wapamtima kapena kugonana..

Mwachidule, abambo ndi amai adakhala ndi malingaliro okhumudwitsa okhudzana ndi zolaula za anzawo kusiyana ndi kuseweretsa maliseche.

Miller, DJ, McBain, KA, Li, WW, & Raggatt, PT (2019).Zithunzi zolaula, kukonda zolaula monga kugonana, kuseweretsa maliseche, komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ubale Waumwini, 26 (1), 93-113. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Apanso, Mgwirizano umasiya zomwe sizinachitike. Papepalali pali zolemba zokayikitsa zomwe zimayang'ana kuwunika kokayikitsa kwa 'kukonda zolaula, ” ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zofunikira: Maphunziro awiriwa (osati kungophunzira 2) adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumakhudzana ndi kugonana kosachepera komanso kugonana. Papepalali akuyesera kudzudzula chilakolako, osati chilakolako cha kugonana, chifukwa chosakondana, koma palibe njira yovomerezeka yothetsera maliseche popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zowonjezera:

"Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana, kukonda kwambiri zolaula, komanso kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi m'maphunziro onsewa. Zithunzi zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kusakhutira ndiubwenzi mu Phunziro 2 lokha. ” [kwenikweni onse anali maphunziro]

Phunziroli linanamizira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunakhudzana ndi chiyanjano kusakhutira mu kuphunzira 2 okha. Onani matebulo ophunzirira choonadi. Miller et al., 2019 ikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wa YBOP Phunziro la 70 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana.

Pemphero, N. (2019). Zolaula Zimakhala Zosangalatsa. Mbiri Zogonana, 1-7. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause. Zowonjezera zowonjezera, popeza si kuphunzira. Ndi chidutswa chamalingaliro ndi kusonkhanitsa kozolowereka kwamaphunziro osankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa ndi zosagwirizana kapena zonama. Monga malingaliro ena onse a Deniers, ndemanga ya Prause imasiya kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa umboni kumutsutsa mishmash yake yachizoloŵezi cha zokambirana. Ndemanga ya Prause ndi kuyesayesa kuyesa kusokoneza zowonongeka zowonongeka bwino zogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Pembedzero limalimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala kopindulitsa ... kwa aliyense ... pa msinkhu uliwonse. Kuwonjezera pa ziganizo zokhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka kwa ana (m'munsimu), ndemanga ya Prause ndizochepa chabe ndi zidutswa zidakopedwa kuchokera ku zidutswa zitatu za Prause, zomwe YBOP yatsutsa:

1. Pofufuza za pafupifupi mfundo iliyonse yolankhulana komanso kuphunzira phokoso la Prause, Kohut ndi Ley nthawi zonse, onani zolembazi zazikulu za chidutswa cha 2018 chofalitsidwa mu SLATE magazini: Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause.
2. Kuti mupeze ndemanga zotsutsa mu liwu la Prause la mawu a 240 Lancet onani yankho lalikululi: Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana monga addictive"(Prause et al., 2017).
3. YBOP yayamba kale kutchula zambiri za maphunziro a chitumbuwa, omwe sakhala oyenera, komanso osayenerera, poyankhidwa ku Prague ya 2016 "Letter to the editor": Chigamulo cha: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za " (2016)

Chotsutsa ichi chimayankha maphunziro a chitumbuwa ndi zomwe sizinagwirizane zomwe sizipezeka muzifukwa zapamwambazi: Mutu wa "Nicole Prause" wa "Nicole Prause" (2019).

Perry, SL (2019). Kodi kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zolaula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimwemwe choyanjana kwenikweni ponena za maliseche? Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa dziko lonse. Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Mmodzi mwa anthu a Alliance, Samuel Perry. Wofufuza za chipembedzo Perry adafalitsa izi Kuwerenganso mozama za deta yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziro lake loyamba la zolaula. Pambuyo pa mawerengero apamwamba "owonetsera" Perry adanena kuti kugonana, osati kugonana, ndilo vuto lenileni la chiyanjano. Kulephera kwa kafukufuku watsopano wa Perry ndikutaya kwadzidzidzi, zodalirika deta pafupipafupi, pamene iye anafunsa "Ndi liti pamene mwakhala mukutsata maliseche? "Popanda chidziwitso chodziwika pafupipafupi, zomwe akunena sizongoganizira chabe. Kuyambira kuphunzira kwa Perry:

Kuchita Makhalidwe Ogonana. NFSS ndi RIA amafunsa mafunso ofanana omwewa ponena za maliseche omwe mlembiyo adagwirizanitsa ndi mchitidwe umodzi wodetsa maliseche kawiri kafukufuku. Ophunzira anayamba kufunsidwa ngati akhala akuchita maliseche (Inde kapena Ayi). Anthu omwe adayankha kuti iwo adakonzeratu, adafunsidwa kuti, "Ndi liti pamene mwakhala mukutsata maliseche? "Mayankho achokera ku 1 = lero ku 9 = chaka chapitacho.

Perry akupitiriza:

"Ngakhale funso ili silikufunsa zafupipafupi ... .."

Osataya. Ndipo komabe Perry, Prause, Ley, Grubbs ndi ena akupanga zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi phunziro ili lokhalokha, kudalira pa deta yovuta kwambiriyi. Makina opanga mauthenga a Alliance akuwonetseratu poyera poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wa Perry. Malingaliro a Perry akuwerengedwa ndi pa maphunziro a 70 omwe akugwirizanitsa zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa kugonana ndi chiyanjano - ndi kafukufuku wapano wa Perry yemwe adakwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri ndi chisangalalo chocheperako. Ndiko kulondola, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kumalumikizidwa Zochepa chisangalalo muubwenzi muzitsanzo zonse za Perry (A & B):

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Zomwe Perry amanena kuti akhoza kupasula magulu opanga maulamuliro pogwiritsa ntchito maliseche sangathe kuchitidwa mozama - makamaka popeza analibe deta yolondola yokhudzana ndi maliseche.

Walton, MT, Lykins, AD, & Bhullar, N. (2016).Kuwukakamiza kugonana ndi machitidwe ogonana: Zowonjezera kumvetsetsa kugonana kwachiwerewere. Zosungira zolaula, 45 (4), 777-782. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Osati kuphunzira kwenikweni. Pepalayi ikuwonanso ndondomeko yakale kuchokera ku Denier Alliance membala wa James Cantor. Pepalali linanena kuti kukakamiza kugonana (kukhumba, kumva chisoni) kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugonana. Kusokoneza. Kuchokera gawo la zokambirana:

Choncho, kukakamiza kugonana kungakhale kolimbikitsana kawirikawiri kusiyana ndi deta kuchokera kuzinthu zodzipangitsa kugonana, monga HBI.

Pepalali silikukhudzana ndi gawo ili lofunsidwa kuti: "kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche?"Komabe, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti ena omwe amalemba kwambiri" mafunso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere "samachita chidwi ndi kugonana kwenikweni:

Ngakhale zotsatira zikutanthauza kuti kukwatira kugonana kungakhale koyambitsa kugonana mobwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi kugonana, kutanthauzira deta kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chiwerewere chodziwika kuti chimagwirizanitsa chiwerewere chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri.

Zotsatira zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi anthu ambiri omwe amamwa zolaula, omwe samadzutsidwa ndi abwenzi enieni. Zimakambitsanso mfundo yosavomerezeka yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" chimalongosola zolaula kapena kugonana (monga momwe maphunziro osachepera 25 amapusitsira chonena kuti kugonana & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana").

van Rouen, JH, Slob, AK, Gianotten, WL, Dohle, GR, van Der Zon, ATM, Vreeburg, JTM, & Weber, RFA (1996).Kuukitsa kugonana ndi ubwino wa umuna wotulutsa maliseche. Kubereka kwa Anthu, 11 (1), 147-151.Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Pepalali silikukhudzana ndi gawo lomwe likufunsidwa kuti: "kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche?”Komabe, zomwe apeza zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro a YBOP akuti kuseweretsa maliseche amakanema ndikulimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa maliseche m'malingaliro:

Maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri anaperekedwa chifukwa cha 'kumverera mosasuka / kumasuka', 'kugonana kwachiwerewere', 'khalidwe la erection', 'kuthamanga kwa chilakolako', 'kukhutira pambuyo pake', ndi 'kutseguka ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi VES (zolaula kanema)

Ndipotu a Nkhani ya YBOP 'Yambani Apa' amayamba ndi phunziro laposachedwa ndi lofanana, lomwe likuwonetsa mphamvu yowonongeka ya kanema ndi kanema:

Izi zimatchedwa Coolidge zotsatira-Kumvetsera kotokha kwa okwatirana atsopano. Chochititsa chidwi, anthu Ejaculate umuna wambiri wa motile ndipo iwo amachita mwamsanga akawona nyenyezi yolaula. Izi zowonjezereka kuyankha ku zachilendo zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere ndi zomwe zinayambitsa iwe pamsewu kuti atengeke pa zolaula pa intaneti.

Malemba a RealYBOP apathengo amatsutsa malingaliro ovomerezeka a YBOP! Zikomo Kutaya. Mwa njira, maphunziro angapo amasonyeza mwachindunji momwe mafilimu oonera zolaula kapena zolaula pa intaneti ali osiyana kwambiri ndi zolaula zomwe zinachitika kale:

• Zigonana zogonana zimadzutsa njira zisanu zowonongeka (1988)
• Kugonana Kwamuna Kwachikazi Kunayikidwa ndi Mafilimu ndi Zopeka Mogwirizanitsa ndi Zinthu (1997)
• Kuzoloŵera kwa kugonana kwachikazi komwe kumadzutsa zithunzi ndi filimu (1995)
• Kugawidwa kwa Zowonongeka Pa Kuzoloŵera ndi Kukhumudwitsa Amuna Ogonana Amuna (1999)
• Khalidwe lachiwerewere ndi kuvomereza kugonana komwe kumayambitsa zokhudzana ndi kugonana (2004)
• Chidziwitso ndi Stimuli Zimapanga Mavuto a Akazi ndi Testosterone Mayankho Omwe Amasankhidwa Osowa (2015)
• Kusintha kwa kuyankhidwa kwa erectile kumakopeka mobwerezabwereza pogonana (1998)
• Kusintha kwa Kukula kwa Yankho la Yoyamba la Eyeblink Panthawi ya Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (2000)
• Kuzoloŵera ndi Kuonongeka kwa Kugonana Kwachikazi (1990)
• Kuzoloŵera ndi Kukhumudwitsa Amuna Ogonana Amuna (1993)
• Chizoloŵezi Chokhalitsa cha Kugonana kwa Anthu Amuna (1991)
• Kodi zolaula zonyansa zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman? (2013)
• Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mafilimu Panthawi Yoganizira Zogonana (2017)
• Zomwe zimakhudza kumizidwa pa malingaliro a zolaula: Kuphunzira kwenikweni (2018)
• Zotsatira za zowonongeka zogonana ndi 2D zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kukhalapo (2019)

Gawo lachiwerewere cha kugonana

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Zofanana ndi magawo ena, maphunziro angapo alibe chochita ndi mutu wagawoli (Ogonana Ogonana). Okakamizidwa kuganiza, tiyenera kuganiza kuti a Deniers akuyesera "kunamizira" kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra, chiwawa, nkhanza zogonana, kuzunzidwa, kapena kukakamizidwa. Pomwe kafukufuku amafotokoza zomwe zapezedwa, timakambirana kudalira kwa Alliance pamaphunziro angapo osankhidwa mosamala. Timaperekanso maphunziro angapo ofunikira omwe Alliance adasiya dala. Zolemba ziwiri zaposachedwa zikulankhula m'malo ambiri olankhula ku Alliance:

• YBOP - Kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kukuwonjezeka, kotero samanyalanyaza zofalitsa zowonongeka (2018)
• FTND - Kodi Zolemba Zolaula Zimachepadi Phindu la Kugonana? (2018) (yolembedwa ndi pulofesa yemwe wasindikiza maphunziro ochuluka a zolaula)

Mwachidziwitso, Alliance ikufotokoza zochepa za maphunziro zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa maiko omwe akugwiriridwa kuti akugwiriridwa ndi kusintha kwa kupezeka kwa zolaula. Pofotokoza maphunziro okhudza mayiko angapo osankhidwa, anthu osiyana ndi ena omwe amatsutsa amatsutsa kuti chiwawa chogonana chikuchepa poyera ngati zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta pakati pa anthu. Pansipa ife tikugwedeza mabowo mukulingalira uku.

# 1 - Nanga bwanji zosintha zina? Correlation silingafanane. Zotulutsa zina zambiri zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zachitika m'maiko osankhidwa. Kusintha kwakukulu kodziwika kwambiri ndikuti maiko otukuka akumana ndi kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu) mu a zaka zambiri omwe angachite zachiwerewere (12-34) monga anthu akulira. Monga momwe mukuonera mu graph, ma US US onse Zowawa zachiwawa zinayendetsa 1990, ndipo zinakana mpaka pafupi ndi 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chinayamba kuwuka. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugwiriridwa kwapakati kunacheperapo (pazogawenga) panthawiyi:

Kuchuluka kwa chiwawa chaukali kunaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu achikulire omwe anali okalamba, ndipo kuchepa kwapakati pa zaka zapakati pazochitika zachiwawa. Kusintha kumeneku kwachitika m'mitundu yambiri ya "dziko loyamba". Choyamba, kufalitsa kwa anthu a 1990 ndi zaka. Onani anthu mu zaka za 15-44.

Kenaka, kufalitsa kwa anthu a 2015 ndi zaka. Zindikirani kuchepa kwa magulu am'badwo omwe amakonda kwambiri kuchita zachiwawa, ndipo anthu okalamba amapanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu.

Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu pamwambapa kumatha kuchititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerewere (zomwe zimanenedwa "pa [X nambala] ya anthu"). Wofufuza Neil Malamuth adayankha pamndandanda waukulu wazakugonana pazolemba za Milton Diamond (zotchulidwa ndi Alliance ngati umboni wazodzinenera zawo):

The Aggregate Issue - Mwachidziwitso, zikuwoneka ngati zomveka bwino kuti "maziko" ovuta ndi omwe akuwoneka kuti akuchitika mu "dziko lenileni" (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwachiwawa) monga zachiwawa zapa media komanso / kapena zolaula zawonjezeka pazaka zambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti m'malo mwake, mavuto pakuyang'ana izi ndiabwino ndipo ndizosatheka kubwera pazifukwa zilizonse ndikumvetsetsa poyang'ana pazambiri. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mayanjano otsatirawa: Chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US komanso kuchuluka kwa umbanda.

Monga taonera m'nkhani yotsatira Pew: Misonkho Yodzipha Imadulidwa Pakati pa Zaka Zakale Zaka Zakale Zaka Zaka (Zomwe Zidakhala Zowonjezera Zatsopano) pamene chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US chawonjezeka modabwitsa pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu ophedwa kwatsika kwambiri. Ndi angati a ife omwe tili okonzeka kunena kuti kupezeka kwa mfuti ndichinthu chabwino kwambiri ndipo kwathandizira kuchepetsa kupha anthu, monga ena angafulumire kunena? Drew Kingston ndipo timakambirana bwino kwambiri za zotsatirazi: Mavuto ndi Aggregate Data ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwawo Pa Phunziro la Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana (2010).

Mndandanda wa chikhalidwe cha chilakolako chokhudzana ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi upandu (mwachitsanzo, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Mickey Diamond), podziwa kwanga, ku Denmark ndi ku Japan. M'mayiko awiriwa, anthu ambiri akhala akudziwika kuti ndi achiwawa. Titha kuyembekezera molingana ndi deta komanso mauthenga ena ambiri omwe ali m'mayikowa, pali anthu owerengeka omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochita chiwerewere (pakati pa chikhalidwe komanso nthawi zosagwirizana ndi nkhondo). Choncho, pa nkhani ya chitsimikiziro cha Confluence Model, m'mayiko ngati amenewa tikhoza kunena pang'ono za kuwonjezereka kwa chiwerewere pamene kupezeka kwa zolaula kumawonjezeka, monga Diamondi ndi abwenzi atsimikizira.

Kumbukirani, kuti amuna omwe taphunzira ku USA omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa sanawonetsere kukula kwina ngakhale ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Monga momwe ndayesera, monga momwe ndanenera poyamba, Marteni Hald ndi ine tinapeza kuti ngakhale ku Denmark, amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokwanira makamaka akuwonetsa malingaliro akuluakulu akuvomereza chiwawa kwa akazi ngati ntchito zonse zoyesedwa mu labata komanso " gulu "la padziko lapansi (onani buku la 2015). Ndikanakhala wokondwa kwambiri kuona chomwe chingachitike ngati kusintha kwakukulu kuchitika pakapezeka zolaula m'mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha amuna omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kugonana, kugonana, malingaliro ovomereza chiwawa kwa amayi, kuzunza akazi, ndi zina zotero. ).

Kuphatikiza apo, ziwengo zomwe zimadziwika sizingakhale "zodalirika" zokha (onani pansipa). Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa nkhanza kwa amayi ku Japan kuli kotsika kwambiri (ndipo zomwe ndidakumana nazo zaka zambiri zapitazo ndikuchezera ku Japan zidati azimayi amamva misewu yoyenda bwino usiku) ziwerengero zapamwamba kwambiri zogwiririra zomwe zidachitikapo tsiku limodzi ndi anthu aku Japan amuna (ku China mumzinda wa Nanking). Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe chikangololeza chiwawacho, kuwomboledwa komwe kungakhalepo kudawonekeratu.  Kuwonjezera apo, mu Japan panopo, zikuwoneka kuti pali zowonjezereka za zomwe zingaganizidwe kuti zida zogonana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amayi (mwachitsanzo, kubwerera ku 2000, magalimoto apamtunda apamtunda adayambitsidwa azimayi kuti athane ndi kuponda kwa amuna (chikan).

Magazini ya "Variable Variable"

Monga ndatchulira kale, Chitukuko cha Confluence chimayang'ana maganizo ndi zikhalidwe zaukondana pakati pa amuna, makamaka ophunzira a ku koleji. Pafupifupi palibe aliyense mwa ophunzira omwe taphunzirapo adakhululukidwa. Zomwe anthu amadziwika kuti ndi umbanda ndizosafunikira. Monga gawo la zokambirana zakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtunduwo, tapereka malingaliro pazaka zapitazi kuti zikafika kwa anthu omwe adapezeka olakwa, mtunduwo sukhala wofunikira kwenikweni chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti amunawa "zikhalidwe zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu" zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri .

Amuna omwe adatsutsidwa nthawi zambiri samakhala "akatswiri" koma amakhala ndi milandu yambiri. Njira zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa zofunikira zawo pakulosera kwa omwe amachita zachiwerewere, (kudana ndi azimayi, malingaliro omwe amathandizira kuchitira nkhanza azimayi, ndi zina zambiri) sanapezeke ngati olosera za zigawenga zodziwika bwino mderali.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha kugonana pakati pa ophunzira kungakhale kofunikira, sizikudziwikiratu ngati izi zawonjezeka kapena zacheperapo kwa zaka zambiri kapena ngati zangoganizira kwambiri nkhaniyo (Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi zofunika). Izi zikugwirizananso ndi "vuto lalikulu": Pamene kupezeka kwa zolaula kwawonjezeka kwambiri pazaka, panthawi yomweyi pakhala pali zambiri zowonjezera kuti kuchepetsa kugonana ndi kukulitsa kuzindikira koyenera.

Pafupifupi yunivesite iliyonse ya m'dziko lino yakhala ikulamula kuti anthu onse atsopano athe kuchita, zomwe sizinali choncho zaka zapitazo. Poganiza kuti zochitika zina zofalitsa mafilimu zingathandizire kuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa cha kugonana, tingatani kuti tisawonongeke kuwonjezereka kovomerezeka pagulu pankhani ya kugonana ndi zochitika zenizeni zomwe zikuchitika nthawi imodzimodzimodzi?

Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu kumayendetsa (mu) kulondola kwa ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi zolakwa za kugonana.

#2 - Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa kaŵirikaŵiri chimatchulidwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chigamulo chogwirira chigwirizano nthawi zonse. Ngakhale malipoti kwa apolisi angakhale ovuta, monga momwe nyuzipepala ya chipani cha United States imasonyezera kuti: Mmene Mungayendere ndi Mavuto Ogwirizanitsa: Mavuto a Chigwirizano cha America Chobisika (2014).

Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti mudziwe ngati mamembala ena amalephera kulemba chiwerengero chenicheni cha madandaulo operekera chigamulo, Ndikumvetsa kuti ndikugwiriridwa ndi maofesi apolisi m'dziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 22% a 210 anaphunzira dipatimenti ya apolisi yomwe imayang'anira anthu osachepera 100,000 ali ndi zowerengeka zosawerengeka pazogwiriridwa zawo zomwe zikuwonetsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Zowonjezereka, chiwerengero cha maboma opondereza awonjezeka ndi over 61% pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za maphunziro.

Kukonzekera deta kuchotsa apolisi akulimbana ndi chiwonetsero cha chiwerengero kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha kuphedwa kwa chiwerengero, phunziroli likuyesa kuti 796,213 ndi zifukwa za 1,145,309 za kugwiriridwa kwa akazi mwa amayi omwe anazunzidwa kudziko lonse zidatayika kuchokera ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, deta yolondola imasonyeza kuti nthawi yophunzira ikuphatikizapo khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zapakati pazomwe zikugwiriridwa chifukwa chotsatira chidziwitsochi chinayamba ku 1930. M'malo moona kuti anthu ambiri akunena za "kugwa kwakukulu" pakugwiriridwa, America ndi pakati pa vuto logwirira kugwiriridwa.

#3 - Maiko ambiri anena zakukwera kwamitengo yakugwiridwanso nthawi yomweyi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Spain ndi ku Norway akuti apeza zomwe zimasemphana ndi zomwe a Diamond (onse sanasiyidwe ndi Alliance):

• Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009) - Chidule: Pogwiritsira ntchito deta yolumikiza dera la Spain m'nthawi ya 1998-2006, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti pali kusintha pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula pa intaneti, pomwe zolaula zowonjezera pa intaneti zimayambitsa makhalidwe ena achiwerewere monga kugwiriridwa.
• Internet Broadband: Chidziŵitso Chokwanira Kugonana Kwachiwerewere? (2013) - Ndemanga: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumayambitsa umbanda? Timagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha Norway chakuphwanya malamulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti tipeze kuunika pa funso ili. Pulogalamu ya anthu yomwe ili ndi ndalama zopereŵera inayambitsanso zida zowonjezereka kwa 2000-2008, ndipo zimapereka kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana pa intaneti. Zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipoti onse, milandu ndi chigamulo cha kugwiriridwa ndi zolakwa zina zachiwerewere. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuwononga kwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu pa chiwerewere ndibwino komanso sikunyozeka, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kuwonongera kolaula.

Tione tebulo ili la chiwerengero cha kugwirira ndipo muwona kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yapadziko lonse (yosonyeza vuto pakupeza ziwerengero zolondola). Chowonadi ndichachidziwikire, Diamondi idachotsa maiko ambiri "amakono" momwe kupezeka kwa ziwonetsero zolaula ndi kugwiririra kwachulukana, monga Norway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Iceland, Italy, Argentina, Portugal, ndi zina zambiri.

#4 - Mitengo ya zilakolako za kugonana zikukwera ku US ndi United Kingdom (awiri ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri a Pornhub). Malinga ndi Ziŵerengero zatsopano zomwe FBI inatulutsa (onani grafu), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa 100,000 ya chiŵerengero cha anthu) chawonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe chiwerengero chiripo). Ku UK, panali zolakwa zogonana za 138,045, mpaka 23%, m'miyezi ya 12 isanafike pa September, 2017. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi:

• chiwerengero cha anthu chikapitirira zaka,
• Ma ED chifukwa amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40 adakwerandipo
• Chiwerengero cha chiwerewere chagonjetsedwa mofulumira, monga momwe ziliri chiwerengero cha chonde mu West.

#5 - Kafukufuku wofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amaonetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi kuwonjezereka chiwawa, kugwiriridwa ndi kukanikizidwa. M'malo mokhala ndi zovuta zambiri zofufuza m'mayiko ochepa osankhidwa, bwanji za maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito owona zolaula omwe amayang'anira zosiyana? Monga momwe zilili ndi gawo lina la Alliance, ichi chinasiya ndondomeko yoyenera ya zolemba ndi zofufuza, kotero apa pali ochepa. (Kumapeto kwa gawoli timaperekanso maphunziro ambiri omwe amaletsedwa ndi Alliance.)

Kufufuza meta kufotokoza zotsatira za zolaula II: Kuthamanga pambuyo poonekera (1995) - Ndemanga:

Kufufuza meta ya maphunziro a 30, osindikizidwa 1971-1985, kuti aone zotsatira za kuonera zolaula pa khalidwe laukali pansi pa ma laboratory, poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi kugonana, msinkhu wa kupsa mtima, mtundu wa zolaula, chikhalidwe cha S, chikhalidwe cha nkhanza, ndi sing'anga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani).

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chiwonetsero cha chiwonetsero chimayambitsa khalidwe lachiwawa pambuyo pake, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosonyeza kusagwirizana ndi kugonana kumawonjezera chiwawa, ndipo ziwonetsero zosonyeza zachiwerewere zimayambitsa zachiwawa kusiyana ndizo zachiwerewere zosagonana.. Palibe mtsogoleri wina wotere amene anapanga zotsatira zofanana.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi zachiwawa: kodi pali zotsatira zodalirika ndipo kodi tingathe kuzimvetsa? (2000)- Ndemanga:

Poyankha mavoti ena atsopano, ife (a) tafufuza zotsutsana ndi deta zomwe zimapezeka mu ndemanga zawo, (b) kuphatikiza zofufuza za mndandanda wa mafupikidwe angapo owona za experimental and naturalistic research; AZochitika zitatu izi zithandizira kukhala ndi mabungwe odalirika pakati pa zolaula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndi khalidwe laukali, makamaka pa zolaula zachiwawa komanso / kapena amuna omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chogonana. Timaonetsa kuti momwe anthu amanyeng'onong'ono amamasulira ndikuwonetsa zolaula zomwezo zingakhale zosiyana ndi za anthu osaganizira, zomwe zikuthandizira kuyanjanitsa zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano ndi kafukufuku oyerekeza ndi achigololo ndi osagwira ntchito komanso ndi kufufuza kwa chikhalidwe.

Kufufuza kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa zotsatira za zolaula (2000) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufuku wofufuza za 46 omwe adafalitsidwa adachitidwa kuti adziwe zotsatira za zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zochitika za kugonana, malingaliro okhudza maubwenzi apamtima, ndi malingaliro onena za kugwiriridwa. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa adachitidwa ku United States (39; 85%) ndipo adakhala kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1995, ndi 35% (n = 16) yofalitsidwa pakati pa 1990 ndi 1995, ndi 33% (n = 15) pakati pa 1978 ndi 1983. Kukula kwathunthu kwazithunzi za anthu a 12,323 ndi meta yowonetsera. Kukula kwa maonekedwe (d) kunawerengedwa pazomwe zimadalira zofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya maphunziro, zinali ndi kukula kwazithunzi za 12 kapena zazikulu, ndipo zinaphatikizapo gulu losiyana kapena loyerekeza.

Avereji opanda kulemera ndi olemera a d za chiwerewere (.68 ndi .65), zachiwerewere (.67 ndi .46), maubale apamtima (.83 ndi .40), komanso nthano yakugwiririra (.74 ndi .64) zimapereka umboni wowonekera kutsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha chitukuko cholakwika mukawonetsedwa zolaula. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku mderali atha kupitilira funso loti ngati zolaula zimakhudza zachiwawa komanso momwe mabanja amagwirira ntchito.

Kafufuzidwe ndi Zotsatira za Khalidwe Zogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula

Kwa Weaver (1993), kutsutsana kumachokera ku ziphunzitso zitatu za zotsatira zowonongeka ndi zolaula:

1. Chikhalidwe cha kugonana monga mtundu wa kuphunzira potengera chiphunzitso chomwe chimakhudzana ndi zomwe zakanidwa kale kapena zobisika (kumasula) - kuletsa, kudzimva wolakwa, malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana, zonse zomwe zitha kuthetsedwa mwa zolaula (Feshbach, 1955). 2 Kutchinsky (1991) anabwerezanso lingaliroli, nati kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiririra kunatsika pomwe zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta, monga chida chotetezera chomwe chimachepetsa zovuta zakugonana motero chimachepetsa milanduyi. Ngakhale zili zotsutsana, tanthauzo la izi ndikuti zolaula zimapereka mtundu wamaphunziro omwe, malinga ndi wolemba, amapangitsa ochita sewerowo.
   Ndizomveka chifukwa mfundo iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kumasulidwa kwa uhule ngati njira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiriridwa (McGowan, 2005; Vadas, 2005). Maganizo amenewa amanyoza ulemu waumunthu komanso tanthauzo la kukhala munthu. Chofunika ndikuti anthu sizinthu;
2. Kudetsedwa kwa munthu, mosiyana ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira, ndi zolaula zomwe ndizoyamba komanso chifaniziro cha amuna osadziwika bwino (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
3. Kusintha maganizo kudzera mu fano izo sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni. Mwachidule, zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ocheperako. Chifukwa chithunzicho sichinthu china koma zowonetsa zolaula, zobwerezabwereza komanso zosatheka, kuseweretsa maliseche ndi gawo la zosokoneza osati mbali ya zenizeni. Zosokoneza izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kosasintha kwa criminogenic. Kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kumam'khumudwitsa munthu posintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinthu zake momwe zimakhudzira chidwi (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Mwachidule, kafukufuku wopangidwa mpaka pano sanawonetsetse bwino chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka ndi kugonana, koma zoona zake n'zakuti ochita kafukufuku ambiri amavomereza chinthu chimodzi: Kuwonetsa nthawi yaitali zolaula zolaula adzayenera kulepheretsa munthuyo. Izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi Linz, Donnerstein ndi Penrod ku 1984, kenako Sapolsky chaka chomwecho, Kelley mu 1985, Marshall kenako Zillmann mu 1989, Cramer, McFarlane, Parker, Soeken, Silva, & Reel mu 1998 ndipo, posachedwapa, Thornhill ndi Palmer mu 2001, ndi Apanovitch, Hobfoll ndi Salovey mu 2002. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, onse ofufuzawa anapeza kuti kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi vutoli ndipo kumatsogolera anthu ochepetsetsa kuti achite zachiwawa.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa amayi: Kubwereza mgwirizano mu maphunziro osaphunzira (2010) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufuku wamakono anachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati maphunziro omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe adawonetsa zochitika zowononga zolaula komanso malingaliro awo akuthandizira chiwawa cha amayi. Kusanthula kwa meta kunakonza mavuto ndi kusanthula kwa meta komwe kunatulutsidwa kale ndi kuwonjezera zofufuza zatsopano. Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku woyamba, Zotsatira zamakono zikuwonetsera mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri pakati pa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa amayi mu maphunziro osaphunzira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malingaliro amenewa anapezeka kuti akugwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zowononga zachiwerewere kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zosachita zachiwerewere, ngakhale kuti chiyanjanochi chinapezedwanso kukhala chofunika.

Phunziroli likukonza zomwe zimaoneka ngati zosokoneza maganizo m'mabuku owonetsa zolaula komanso malingaliro achiwawa powonetsera kuti zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuchokera ku maphunziro osaphunzira m'derali zikugwirizanadi ndi zomwe aphunzira anzawo akufufuza. Kupeza izi kuli ndi zofunikira pa mabuku onse owonetsa zolaula ndi nkhanza.

Kafukufuku amene wasanthula zolaula amatha kukhumudwitsa. Komabe, palibe ntchito iliyonse yomwe yayesa ngati zochitika zina zamakono zogonana zimakhudza kuphwanya malamulo. Powonjezereka, zotsatira zowonjezera zaziwonetserozi sizidziwika. Mfundo yophunzirira za chikhalidwe cha anthu imaneneratu kuti kuwonetsetsa kuyenera kukulirakulira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya retrospective longitudinal, timayesedwa koyamba ngati kuwonetsa nthawi yaunyamata kumakhudzana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi; Timayang'ananso ngati kukhala munthu wamkulu kumagwirizanitsa ndifupipafupi.

Zakafukufuku zimasonyeza kuti mitundu yambiri ya kuwonetseredwa kwa achinyamata komanso kuwonetsera kwathunthu kunkagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi. Kuwonetseredwa pamene munthu wachikulire kunayanjananso ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugonana kolakwira, koma zotsatira zinadalira "mtundu".

Meta-Kusanthula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula ndi Zoona Zochitika Zogonana Mwachizolowezi Population Studies (2015). - Chidule:

Kafukufuku wamakono a maphunziro oyesera apeza zotsatira pa khalidwe laukali ndi malingaliro. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malingaliro achiwawa pa kufufuza kwachilengedwe. Komabe, palibe kufotokozera mndandanda womwe wachititsa funso lolimbikitsa ntchitoyi: Kodi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchita zenizeni zogonana? Maphunziro a 22 ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana a 7 adasanthuledwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwawa cha kugonana ku United States ndi kudziko lonse, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyana siyana. Mabungwe anali amphamvu kwambiri pa mawu kuposa kugonana kwachiwerewere, ngakhale onse awiri anali ofunika. Zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti zachiwawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Kubwereza Zaka Zakafukufuku za 20 (2016) - Ndemanga:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi chinali kukhazikitsa kafukufuku wogwira ntchito omwe adafalitsidwa makanema a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pa kuchuluka, olosera zamtsogolo, komanso zosowa zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kunali kosiyanasiyana. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna, pamalo opitilira patsogolo kwambiri, omasaka zamalingaliro, ndipo anali ndi mabanja ofooka kapena ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro olaula ogonana ndipo amayanjanitsidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zamphamvu zogonana. Zikuwoneka kuti zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi khalidwe logonana, komanso zachiwawa zogonana, zonse zokhudzana ndi chiwawa ndi kuzunzidwa.

Kulosera za Kukula kwa Zachiwawa Pakati pa Achinyamata (2017) - Ndemanga:

Pambuyo pokonzanso zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale zotchuka, pKuphatikizidwa kwachipongwe kwa makolo omwe akugonana komanso kuwonetsa zachiwawa zolaula zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchitika kwa SV kuchitapo kanthu-kuyesa kugwiriridwa kupatulapo zolaula zachiwawa. Khalidwe lamakonoli lidakhudzidwanso kwambiri pamitundu yonse yoyambirira ya SV kupatula kugwiriridwa. Kuzunzidwa m'mbuyomu chifukwa chakuzunzidwa komanso kuzunzidwa kwamakono pamaubwenzi kumaneneratu zoyipa zoyambirira za SV, ngakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mu kafukufuku wakale wamtunduwu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupindika kwa SV pakati pa amuna ndi akazi achichepere, zomwe zimachitika zimapereka zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingakwaniritsidwe, makamaka zolemba za nkhanza zapakati paokha zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi makolo ozunza m'mabanja a achinyamata komanso zolimbikitsidwa ndi zolaula.

Timatsimikiza ndi zolemba zina kuchokera kuzinthu zazikuluzikulu za kugonana zomwe zikufotokozera za zolaula komanso zolaula / zachiwawa. Monga momwe mudzaonera, wolembayo ndi wotsutsa kwambiri (komanso wofufuza za PhD).

Ndikuganiza kuti mawu omwe ndinapanga amaimira zachiwawa komanso zosiyana siyana. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwonjezera pa a) Dera lachiyanjano lowonetsa zolaula zambiri zogonana zogwirizana ndi mitundu yonse ya kugonana ndi zachiwerewere za makhalidwe ndi khalidwe, timakhalanso ndi:

b) Zambiri zoyesera kuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kumawonjezera nkhanza za amuna kapena akazi mu labu (zinthu monga zakuthupi, zakuthupi, kapena kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe monga kayendedwe ka magetsi) (Kafukufuku wa 33 wofufuza meta ku Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995);

c) Zambiri zoyesera kuwonetsa zolaula zimawonjezera malingaliro othandizira nkhanza zakugonana (kuvomereza zachiwawa pakati pa anthu, kuvomereza nthano zachiwerewere, komanso machitidwe azachipongwe) (Kafukufuku wa 16 wofufuza meta ku Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995);

d) Umboni wazaka zambiri zakuti kuwonera zolaula pa Time 1 kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zina zenizeni zakugonana pa Time 2 (Kafukufuku wa 5 wofufuzidwa ku Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), ngakhale atatha kuwongolera zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze, kuphatikiza Kugwiriridwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zambiri.

Malingana ndi umboni wonse uwu, ndizovuta komanso zopanda nzeru, malingaliro anga, kunena kuti zenizeni zenizeni zogwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi nkhanza sizinali zenizeni ndipo siziripo konse. Inde, kukayikira kuyenera kukhalabe, ndipo maphunziro apamwamba komanso owonjezera ayenera kupitilirabe, koma pakali pano, ndikakakamizidwa kubetcha, ndikananena kuti ndikaika ndalama yanga pamenepo ndikakhala WINA zotsatira zoyipa za zolaula pazakugonana, zomwe mwina zitha kukhala zazing'ono, b) zokhala pagulu la anthu oopsa, komanso c) zotchulidwa zambiri zamtundu wazola zolaula (zachiwawa) kuposa ena (osachita zachiwerewere koma wamba chachikulu zolaula) ndipo kulibenso mitundu ina ya zolaula (zachikazi, pamzere).

Zoonadi, palibe deta kapena maulendo a nthawi yaitali omwe amatha kudziwa zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi, koma tonsefe timavomereza kuti zimatanthawuza kwambiri kuti pali zinthu zina zofufuza za psych. Ndiwo miyezo yathu yagolide yokhazikitsira zovuta pazotsatira zamakhalidwe amtundu uliwonse. Nchifukwa chiyani timakayikira pankhani imeneyi? Chifukwa sizikugwirizana ndi zikhumbo zathu zolaula kuti zisakhale ndi zovuta? Pepani, koma ndimakonda zolaula monga momwe nonse mumakondera (ndimakondadi), koma sindingayerekeze kumangoganiza zolaula chifukwa ndimakonda zomwe zapezedwa. Izi ndizomwe ndimatanthawuza kuti ndikamakana kapena kunyalanyaza zopezazi zimatipangitsa kukhala osawona komanso anzeru zokhudzana ndi izi monga otsutsa zolaula….

… .. sindinatanthauze kutifananitsa ndi zolaula zokhudzana ndi momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zomwe zapezedwa komanso zomwe zingachitike pazochitika zenizeni zomwe timapeza. Zomwe ndimanena ndikuti monga momwe amachitira, tikuwoneka kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito zotsimikizira zolimba kuti tiwone zomwe tikufuna kuwona. Koma ponyalanyaza umboni womwe ukupitilizabe kukula, tikuchepetsa kukhulupirika kwathu ngati ofunafuna chowonadi, ndipo tikuchepetsa momwe malingaliro athu oletsa zolaula sizothetsera vuto pakukhazikitsa kusintha kwenikweni.

Mwa kutenga malire mopitilira muyeso (“palibe zolaula zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wina achite zachiwerewere kwa aliyense”) zomwe sizigwirizana ndi umboniwo, tikudzipangitsa kukhala osafunikira kwenikweni komanso kuthamangitsidwa motere monga momwe amatsenga amatengera. malo ena owonjezera ("zolaula zonse zimakulitsa chiwerewere mwa aliyense amene amazionera").

Apanso, musanditengere zolakwika: Ndimakonda zolaula, ndimazionera nthawi zonse, ndipo ndimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuletsa izi.

Kupita ku maphunziro omwe Alliance adawasankha mosamala, ndi zitsanzo zina zambiri za zomwe zasiya.

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Burton, DL, Leibowitz, GS, & Howard, A. (2010).Kuyerekeza ndi mtundu wauchigawenga wa achinyamata omwe amatsutsa zolaula: Kusapezeka kwa ubale pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula 1. Journal of Nursing Forensic, 6 (3), 121-129. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance chimasiya zotsatira zochepa zofunikira kwambiri: kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kugwirizana onse zilakolako za kugonana komanso zosagonana. Kuchokera kuzinthu zowoneka:

Ogwiririra amavomereza anafotokoza zambiri zisanachitike ndi zotsatila-10 (zaka zakubadwa) kuwonetsa zolaula kuposa anthu omwe amachitira nkhanza anzawo. Komabe, kwa ogwiririra, kugonana sikukugwirizana ndi nthawi imene ozunzawo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa, kuwerengedwa kwa anthu omwe anazunzidwa, kapena kuvutika koopsa kwa kugonana. Choyambirira cha 10 chiwonetsero chosagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha ana omwe amachitira nkhanza kugonana, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu kwapadera sikunagwirizane ndi kukakamizidwa kugwiriridwa kapena mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anyamata. Potsirizira pake, kufotokozera kunagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zonse zopanda chilungamo pakati pa phunziroli.

Alliance ikuyembekeza kuti palibe amene awerenga phunziro lenileni.

Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Zithunzi zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa: Mfundo ndizochita? Umboni wochokera ku deta yamayiko m'mayiko anayi omwe zithunzi zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta. International Journal of Law ndi Psychiatry. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zambiri pa intaneti kuchokera ku 1980's. Momwe zilili ndi mayiko osankhidwa a Milton Diamond, izi zimakhudza kuwonetsedwa konse. Wolemba m'mawu oyamba.

Rasmussen, KR, & Kohut, T. (2019). Kodi kupezeka kwachipembedzo kumaphatikizapo kugwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi malingaliro okhudza akazi? Journal of Sex Research, 56 (1), 38-49. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Mmodzi mwa anthu a Alliance, Taylor Kohut. Zowonjezerapo kukwera kwamitengo, popeza kafukufuku wake alibe chochita ndi kukhumudwitsa kugonana. Monga maphunziro ena a Kohut (ofotokozedwa pamwambapa), adasankha njira zowonetsetsa kuti azimayi achipembedzo (omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa) azitsika pamalingaliro ake a "malingaliro ofanana." Kohut anakhazikitsa “mwachitsanzo ” as okha:

1. Thandizo lochotsa mimba.
2. OSATI Kukhulupirira kuti moyo wa banja umakhalapo pamene mkazi ali ndi nthawi yeniyeni.

Mosasamala za zikhulupiliro zanu, ndi zosavuta kuona kuti anthu achipembedzo angalowere kutali m'munsi pa Taylor Kohut gawo la 2 gawo "lolingana".

Pano pali fungulo: anthu amitundu, omwe amakhala omasuka, gwiritsani ntchito zolaula pamapamwamba kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira za 2 zokha ndikunyalanyaza zosiyana siyana, Taylor Kohut adadziwa kuti adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (anthu ambiri m'mayiko) akugwirizana ndi zofuna zake zomwe zimapanga "zosiyana"(M'munsi mwa anthu achipembedzo). Kenaka Kohut anasankha mutu umene unaponyera zonsezo.

Kristen N. Jozkowski, Tiffany L. Marcantonio, Kelley E. Rhoads, Sasha Canan, Mary E. Hunt & Malaki Willis (2019) Kusanthula Kwambiri Kugonana ndi Kukana Kuyankhulana mu Mafilimu Ambiri, Journal of Sex Research, DOI: 10.1080 / 00224499.2019.1595503 Lumikizani ku intaneti

Zowonjezeranso zamtengo wapatali. Phunziroli silinena za zolaula. Palibe mafilimu osankhidwa omwe anali ndi X. Ndipotu ambiri anali PG-13. Chabwino, yesani, Alliance.

Mellor, E., & Duff, S. (2019).Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugonana pakati pa zolaula ndi kugonana kwa amuna: Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane. Chiwawa ndi Chiwawa. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance chinali cholondola. Komabe, tikukayikira chisankho cha mlembi kuti avomereze 21 yekha mapepala oyenera a 157 kuti apindule. Kusungira kwathu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo imeneyi kuti palibe zolemba zina zomwe zimafika pamaganizo omwewo. Kuphatikizanso, ambiri a 21 mapepala omwe anasankhidwa amakhala akuluakulu pa olakwira ana, osati mwana pa mwana, kapena wamkulu pa ochimwa akuluakulu. Pofotokoza za maphunziro a Milton Diamond, katswiri wina wofufuza Neil Malamuth adanena kuti zotsatira za ana amasiye omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za anthu osagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula.

Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti mwina pakhoza kukhala "ma subgroups" osiyana kwambiri okhala ndi zisonkhezero zosiyana (komanso zosiyanako) zotulutsidwa, makamaka zokhudzana ndi zolaula za ana, monga ananenera ntchito ya Mickey Diamond ndi kuthekera kwakanema. Takambirana mutuwu munkhani yotsatira: Malamuth, N. & Huppin, M. (2007). Kujambula mzere pazithunzi zolaula za ana: Kubweretsa lamuloli mogwirizana ndi umboni wofufuza.

Mwachidule, meta-analaysis sanasiye maphunziro onse pa akuluakulu achigololo akuluakulu, zomwe zinayambitsa zotsatira zowonongeka.

Ferguson, CJ, & Hartley, RD (2009).Zosangalatsa ndi zazing'ono ... zopweteka zowonongeka ?: Chikoka cha zolaula pa kugwiriridwa ndi kugonana. Chiwawa ndi khalidwe lachiwawa, 14 (5), 323-329. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance ndicholondola - "Kugonjetsedwa kwa chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa ku United States kumasonyeza kugwirizana kosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chiwerewere. Deta yamitundu ina yanena maubwenzi ofanana.”Komabe, kafukufukuyu amatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa komanso kupezeka kwa zolaula kuchokera kumayiko ochepa okha. Zolakwika zazikulu pamitundu yamaphunziroyi zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, zomwe zidanenanso kafukufuku wa Milton Diamond pansipa.

Zindikirani: Kwa zaka zambiri, Ferguson wakhala akutsutsa malingaliro a intaneti, pamene akuyesetsa mwakhama kusunga Mavuto a pa Intaneti pa ICD-11. (Anataya iyo ku 2019 pamene World Health Organization inalandira ICD-11, koma ntchito yake ikupitirirabe pambali zambiri.) Ndipotu Ferguson ndi Nicole Prause anali olemba-mgwirizano pamapepala aakulu omwe akuyesa kulepheretsa kuledzera kwa intaneti. (Zomveka zawo zinalembedwa m'mapepala angapo ndi akatswiri, nkhani iyi Journal Za Zizolowezi Zochita Makhalidwe.)

Daimondi, M., Jozifkova, E., & Weiss, P. (2011). Zolaula komanso zachiwerewere ku Czech Republic. Zosungidwa zakale zakugonana, 40 (5), 1037-1043. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance ndicholondola.Kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali pomwe zolaula za ana sizinali zosaloledwa ... zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa omwe achitiridwa nkhanza zokhudza ana. ” Izi ndi zomwe Malamuth adanena pankhani ya kafukufuku wa Diamond pamndandanda wamaphunziro a zamaphunziro ophunzira ("Munalemba" ndiwofunsa, yankho ndi Malamuth):

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso ziwawa zakugonana: Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti akuwoneka kuti kufufuza komwe kukuchitika mdziko muno kwawonetsa kulumikizana kosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kugwiririra. Sindikhulupirira kuti izi nzoona. Mukapita patsamba lake la Milton Diamond mutha kuwona kuti deta ikangolekanitsidwa pakati pa nkhanza za ana ndi kugwiriridwa, zikuwonekeratu kuti izi sizinachepe (komanso sizinakulire) pomwe zolaula zidayamba kupezeka. Kuwonjezera pamenepo mukhoza kuona kuti pali zitsanzo za mayiko kumene osagwirizana, pali mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa awiriwo. Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani apo yomwe ikusonyeza kuti,

"Papua New Guinea, ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zolaula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Google Trends. PNG ili ndi anthu ochepera 8 miliyoni anthu ndi mitengo yotsika ya intaneti, koma ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwakusaka kwa mawu oti "zolaula" ndi "zolaula" poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa kufufuza kwathunthu. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet anafotokoza kuti 59 peresenti ya amuna omwe ali m'dera la PNG Autonomous Region la Bougainville adagwiririra mnzake ndipo 41 peresenti adagwiririra mkazi yemwe sanali mnzake.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuti mayiko khumi apamwamba omwe akusaka 'zolaula': Google Trends
1. Papua New Guinea
2. Zimbabwe
3. Kenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambia
6. Ethiopia
7. Malawi
8 Uganda
9. Fiji
10 Nigeria

Ndikuganiza kuti pakati pa maofesiwa palinso mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerewere chambiri komanso mitundu ina ya nkhanza kwa amayi. Chonde dziwani kuti sindikutsutsa kuti zolaula ndi "zoyambitsa" kapena "zoyambitsa" koma motsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala kuti padziko lonse lapansi kapena kwakanthawi kotalikirana komwe kwawonetsedwa pakati pazogonana ndi kugwiririra. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuchita kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana mwachikhalidwe ku bungweli atawongolera zowerengera pazowopsa za Confluence Model, makamaka Wankhanza Masculinity.

Ndikulosera kuti m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra (makamaka pakati pa amuna nthawi zambiri osati milandu yoweruzidwa) koma palibe kulumikizana kapena kosiyana m'maiko omwe muli amuna ochepa omwe ali zoopsa malinga ndi Model ya Confluence.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Pakati pa anthu, zolaula zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zolakwa za kugonana

PHUNZIRO: Monga momwe ndidanenera poyamba, sindimakhulupirira kuti zokhudzana ndi diamondi ndi zomwe zimafotokozeredwa zimavumbula zomwe zimaganiziridwa nthawi zambiri pamilandu yokhudza kugonana. Monga Daimondi ndi anzake adziwonetsera okha, deta imasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa kwa ana. Palibe mgwirizano wofanana wofanana pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiriridwa ndi zizindikiro za amphwiti motsutsana ndi ana omwe amazunza ana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndipo siziyenera kulumikizana palimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizogwirizana pamlingo wadzikolo nthawi zambiri ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chambiri pazomwe zimachitika, makamaka chifukwa cha "zovuta zonse" (Kingston & Malamuth, 2011).

Chomwe tingathe kumaliza ndi chidaliro ndikuti kumayiko omwe aphunziridwa, palibe kuwonjezeka konse kwa kugwiriridwa pamene malamulo azolaula amasinthidwa kuti zitheke kupezeka kwa zolaula. Komanso, Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zikuwoneka kuti mayiko onse omwe adawerengedwa ndi Diamondi ndi mabwenzi akuoneka kuti ndi omwe angakhale ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chochita chiwerewere. Sindinayang'ane ku Croatia m'mbuyomu, koma kusaka mwachangu pa google kukuwonetsa kuti 94% sagwirizana ndi mawu oti azimayi ayenera kulolera zachiwawa kuti banja likhale limodzi.

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUTI: Koma, pakati pa anthu omwe akupezekapo kumeneko anthu amatha kuona zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerewere chiwone chiopsezo chogonana, chifukwa cha zifukwa zoopsa

ZOYENERA: zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe mwalemba koma zinalemba mosiyana: Amuna mwa anthu onse omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu "zazikuluzikulu", zomwe zanenedwa zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito "zolaula" mwamphamvu kumatha kukulitsa malingaliro achiwawa ndi zizolowezi zakakhalidwe.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Mabungwe omwe amalola kuti zolaula zizichita malonda, kuvomereza chiwerengero chochepa cha chiopsezo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti chiwonongeko chochulukirapo chiwonjezeke pa anthu ambiri

ZOYENERA KUCHITA: Ndikuganiza kuti tifunika kusamala kuti tipeze zowonjezereka za mayiko popanda kuganizira zosiyana pakati pawo. Ndikuganiza kuti kusintha malamulo oonera zolaula ku Saudi Arabia vs. Denmark akanakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Komanso, Ndikuganiza kuti kuganizira mozama kapena makamaka pazokambirana zapachiwerewere, makamaka kugwiriridwa, kungakhale kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, monga tidalemba kwina, Japan imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwazitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zamayiko momwe zolaula zimapezeka kwambiri (kuphatikiza zolaula "zachiwawa") ndipo mitengo yakugwiriridwa ndi yotsika kwambiri tsopano komanso m'mbiri yakale.

Japan ndi dziko lomwe lakhala likulowerera mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi nkhanza za "pagulu" kwa amayi. Komabe, lingalirani zina zowonekera: "Kufufuza m'masitima apamtunda odzaza ndi anthu kwakhala vuto ku Japan: malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe apolisi a Tokyo Metropolitan ndi East Japan Railway Company adachita, awiri mwa amayi atatu aliwonse azaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 adanena kuti aphatidwa pa sitima, ndipo ambiri anali kuzunzidwa kawirikawiri. ” Pamene nkhanza kwa amayi zalekeledwa, zakhala zazikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, onani Chang, * The Rape of Nanking *,). Ngakhale sindikutsutsana ndi malingaliro anu, sindikutsimikiza kuti titha kumaliza izi pakadali pano.

Mwachidule, kudalira magawo awiri a chidziwitso cha dziko lonse (zomwe zanenedwa zachiwerewere ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula) kuchokera kumayiko ochepa (kwinaku mukunyalanyaza mazana ena), kuthandizira zonena kuti zolaula zambiri zimayambitsa zolakwa zochepa zakugonana, sizitanthauza kuwuluka pakati pa asayansi owona.

Goldstein, M., Kant, H., Judd, L., Rice, C., & Green, R. (1971).Zochitika zowonongeka: Odzigwirizanitsa, abambo, abwenzi ogonana amuna okhaokha, ogonana amuna okhaokha, ogonana ndi amuna anzawo, ndi olamulira. Mbiri Zogonana, 1 (1), 1-15. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 1971 pa amuna achikulire (omwe mwina adabadwa mu 1920's-40's) kuwunika momwe "Makanema Ogonana" amakhudzira "opatuka." Zindikirani - kafukufukuyu adagawa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga "opatuka." Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri (zomwe zili pansipa), perekani zotsatira zomwe zikutsutsana ndi phunziro la 1971.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NN (2015). Zotsatira zoyesa kuwonera zolaula: Kusintha kwa umunthu komanso kuyanjanitsa kwa chilakolako chogonana. Zosungidwa zakale zakugonana, 44 (1), 99-109. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Amachirikiza lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kungayambitse kugonana komwe kumathandizira chiwawa cha akazi pakati pa mitundu ina ya umunthu. Zolemba:

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhidwa mwapadera ya amuna ndi akazi achikulire a 200 a ku Danish ku kafukufuku wopangika, phunziroli linayang'ana zotsatira za khalidwe labwino (kuvomereza), kudula zithunzi zolaula, ndi kuyesa zolaula zosawonetsa zachiwerewere pamalingaliro ochirikiza chiwawa akazi (ASV).

Tinawona kuti m'magulu ovomerezeka ndi apamwamba kwambiri owonetsera zolaula zomwe zanenedwa kale monga ASV. Kuonjezerapo, kuyesa zolaula kuwonjezereka kwa ASV koma mwa amuna omwe ali ovomerezeka. Ubale umenewu unapezeka kuti ukutsatiridwa kwambiri ndi kukwatulidwa kwa kugonana ndi kukakamiza kugonana kumatanthauzanso kudziyesa kumverera kwa kumverera okondana ndi kugonana, okonzeka kuchita zogonana, ndi / kapena zochitika za thupi zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Pogogomezera kufunika kwa kusiyana kwake, zotsatira zake zinkatsitsimutsa zochitika zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zofalitsa zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi zotsatira zake.

Chidziwitso: Amuna omwe ali ndi "zovomerezeka" akhoza kuyimira kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Bauserman, R. (1996). Chiwerewere ndi zolaula: Kuwonanso zofufuza zagwirizano. Mfundo Zachikhalidwe Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Psychology, 18 (4), 405-427. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: A Alliance adasiya chiganizo chofunikira kuchokera pazomwe amapanga (zomwe zalembedwa):

Ochita zachiwerewere sakhala ndi chizoloŵezi choonera zithunzi zolaula kuyambira ali anyamata kapena achinyamata, poyerekeza ndi osowa. Komabe, ochepa chabe a olakwira amavomereza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula panopa pa zolakwa zawo. Zomwe zimachitika zimagwirizana ndi momwe anthu amaonera zolaula, koma osati poganiza kuti zida zogonana zomwe zimapereka zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Khama lochepetsera zolakwa za kugonana liyenera kuganizira za zochitika ndi zochitika zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku chiwerengero chachikulu cha olakwira.

Zambiri zafukufuku zasindikizidwa m'zaka zapitazi za 25 zomwe zimalongosola zizindikiro pakati pa kugonana ndi kugonana.

Gawo la LGBT

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Osatsimikiza chifukwa chigawo ichi chilipo. Maphunziro pano sakuphwanya kanthu. Gawolo likhoza kuwonedwa ngati chitsanzo china cha RealYBOP kukota chitumbuwa, monga momwe maphunziro ena ambiri amanenera zapamwamba za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi zolaula (CSBD) m'magonana ndi azamayi. Kuchokera Udindo wa Kusokoneza Malingaliro Omwe Amagonana Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna:

Kusokonezeka maganizo pakati pa kugonana ndi amuna okhaokha, kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi MSM zina zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi maganizo apadera omwe amayendetsa vutoli pakati pa gululi,Ma Parsons, Grov, & Golub, 2012; Parsons et al., 2008) komanso kugwirizana pakati pa kugonana kwabvuto ndi kachilombo ka HIV (Dodge et al., 2008; Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010). Kuphatikiza pa mavuto omwe sagwirizane nawo ndi kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (Baum & Fishman, 1994; Missildine, Feldstein, Punzalan, & Parsons, 2005), amuna okhaokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakangana ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kuti zimagwirizanitsa ndi kugonana komanso kugonana kosokoneza maganizo, kuphatikizapo kugonana kwaunyamata (Purcell ndi al., 2007) ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi tsankho ndi tsankho (Muench & Parsons, 2004; Pincu, 1989).

Zovuta izi zimaphatikizana ndimatenda amisala, monga vuto lachiwerewere, kuti apange gulu lowopsa, kapena mgwirizano, womwe umawopseza thanzi la gulu ili (Parsons et al., 2012; Stall et al., 2003). Choncho, kudziwika kwa zigawo zochiritsira za chimodzi mwaziwopsyezo za thanzizi zingathe kusokoneza chiwonongeko cha mavuto omwe anthu akukumana nawo.

Kafukufuku wosankhidwa ndi Alliance omwe sanawunikire momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amaonera zolaula, ndikusiya maphunziro onse omwe anachita ganizirani zotsatira za zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maphunziro a LGBT (zotsatirazi zotsatira zinanena kuti ntchito zolaula zogwirizana ndi zotsatira zoipa):

Ma Media Online, Kukhutira Thupi, ndi Zolinga Zogwirizana ndi Amuna Amuna Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna: Phunziro Loyenerera (2017)- Ndemanga:

Kuyankhulana kwapadera kwapadera kunayendetsedwa ndi 16 MSM, ponena za mphamvu yodziwika ya SEOM-yapadera SEOM. Amuna asanu ndi anayi omwe adakambirana nkhani zokhutira ndi thupi komanso zoyembekeza za amzake zimanena kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM imapanga maonekedwe okhwima opanda pake komanso / kapena anzawo omwe angakhale nawo.

Kuwonana ndi Mafilimu Owonetsa Zogonana ndi Mgwirizano Wake ndi Matenda a Maganizo Amuna Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna - Zolemba

Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) adanena kuti amawona zolaula zolaula (SEM) kusiyana ndi amuna amtundu uliwonse. Pali umboni wakuti kuyang'ana zambiri za SEM kungapangitse kukhala ndi maganizo oipa a thupi komanso kukhumudwa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku amene asanthula zochitika izi mofanana.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa SEM kunagwirizana mwachindunji ndi khalidwe loipa la thupi komanso zizindikiro zomvetsa chisoni komanso zosautsa. Panalinso kugwilitsidwa kwakukulu kwa SEM mowa pa zowawa ndi zozizwitsa za matenda pogwiritsa ntchito thupi. Zomwe zapezazi zikutsindika kufunika kwa SEM pazithunzi za thupi ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza pamodzi ndi chithunzi cha thupi chomwe chimasewera ndi nkhawa ndi zotsatira za kuvutika kwa GBM.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa amuna ocheperako: Amagulu ndi kusakhutira thupi, zizindikiro za matenda a matenda, maganizo okhudza anabolic steroids ndi khalidwe la moyo (2017) - Zowonjezera:

Chitsanzo cha amuna osakwatirana a 2733 omwe amakhala ku Australia ndi New Zealand anamaliza kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti omwe anali ndi zochitika zolaula, kusakhutira thupi, kudya zakudya za matenda, matenda okhudza anabolic steroid komanso khalidwe labwino. Otsatsa onse (98.2%) adanena kuti zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito maola a 5.33 pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse.

Kufufuza kwa Multivariate kunasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi minofu, mafuta a thupi ndi kutalika; zizindikiro zazikulu zowononga matenda; malingaliro owonjezereka okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anabolic steroid; ndi khalidwe lapansi la moyo.

Dual Control Model - Udindo Wogonana & Kukondweretsa Pazakugonana Ndi Khalidwe (2007) - Phunziro la asayansi a Kinsey Institute akufotokoza kuti kugwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi zonsezi kunachepetsa chilakolako ndi kugonana. Mu kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito kanema kanema, 50% ya anyamata achiwerewere sakanakhoza kuwukitsidwa kapena kukwaniritsa zozizwitsa ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayesero oyambirira (zaka zapakati anali 29). Akatswiri ofufuza anapeza kuti vuto la erectile la amuna linali,

"Zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimawonekera ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi zida zogonana."

Amuna omwe anali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka muzipinda ndi malo osambira kumene zithunzi zolaula zinali "kulikonse, "Ndi"akusewera mosalekeza. ” Ofufuzawo anati:

"Kukambirana ndi nkhaniyi kunalimbikitsa lingaliro lathu kuti ena mwa iwo anali ndi chidwi chokwanira kufooka kwawoneka kuti zakhala zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ochepa kwambiri pa "vanilla kugonana" komanso kuti chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zachikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo kusowa kwachindunji mitundu ya zokakamiza kuti awutse. "

Kumvetsetsa Umunthu ndi Njira Zomwe Zimakhalira Kufotokozera Kugonana kwa Amuna Amuna Ogonana Ndi Amuna (2016) - Ndemanga:

Komanso, sitinapeze mayanjano pakati pa CSBI Control ndi BIS BAS. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti kusowa kwa chiwerewere kumakhudzana ndi chisangalalo chogonana komanso njira zoletsera komanso osati njira zowonetsera khalidwe komanso njira zowononga. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuthandizira kuganiza kuti kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndikutayirira ngati kugonana kwa Kafka. Kuwonjezera apo, sizikuwoneka kuti kugonana kwachiwerewere ndiwonetsedwe ka kugonana kwakukulu, koma kuti kumaphatikizapo chisangalalo chokwanira komanso kusowa koletsa, poyesa kulepheretsa chifukwa choyembekezera zotsatira zolakwika.

Zokondweretsa Kugonana ndi Kulimbana Ndi Zovuta Kulimbana ndi Kugonana kwa Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (Laier et al., 2015) - Kafukufuku wa Neuropsychological adanenanso zizindikilo ndi zizolowezi zosokoneza amuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (zolakalaka / chidwi chachikulu) - Ndemanga:

 Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa mgwirizanowu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha. Masakiti akuyesa zizindikiro za CA, kukhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo cha kugonana, zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito zifukwa, zovuta zogonana, zizindikiro zamaganizo, ndi khalidwe la kugonana m'moyo weniweni komanso pa intaneti. Komanso, anthu owona mavidiyo amaonera mafilimu owonetsa zolaula ndikuwonetseratu kuti akugonana musanakhale ndi kanema. Zotsatira zinasonyeza mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa zizindikiro za [zizoloŵezi] za CA ndi zizindikiro zokhuza kugonana ndi kukondweretsa kugonana, kuthana ndi zizolowezi za kugonana, ndi zizindikiro za maganizo.

CA sinalumikizidwe ndimakhalidwe ogonana osagwirizana ndi intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti sabata iliyonse. Kulimbana ndi zizolowezi zakugonana pang'ono kunathetsa ubale pakati pa kukondweretsedwa ndi kugonana ndi CA. Zotsatirazi zikufanana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa za amuna ndi akazi omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndipo zimakambidwa motsutsana ndi malingaliro aziphunzitso za CA, zomwe zimawunikira gawo lolimbikitsanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Kusokonezeka maganizo, khalidwe logonana, ndi chiopsezo cha kugonana - kutenga pakati pa anyamata achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: Phunziro la P18 (2016) - Ndemanga:

Achinyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (YMSM) ali ndi mwayi wambiri wokhumudwa ndikuchita zachiwerewere mosagwiritsa ntchito kondomu…. Tapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa CSB ndi kukhumudwa komanso pakati pa CSB komanso kuchuluka kwa machitidwe ogonana opanda chilolezo omwe afotokozedwa m'masiku 30 apitawa. Zotsatira za Multivariate zapeza kuti kupezeka kwa kukhumudwa konse ndi CSB kudathandizira kukweza chiwerewere pakati pa YMSM ya m'mizinda.

Mafilimu Opatsirana pogonana ndi Amuna Ogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2017) - Ndemanga:

Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) awonetsa kuti akuwonera zolaula (SEM) kwambiri kuposa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti SEM yosonyeza kugonana kwa abambo osabereka imatha kulumikizidwa ndikuchita zachiwerewere mopanda ma kondomu (CAS) motero kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV / matenda opatsirana pogonana pakati pa GBM… .. panali kulumikizana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa SEM komwe kumawonongedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa SEM yabwinoko kumadya onse zotsatira, tAmuna omwe amapanga mafilimu ambiri omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso ambiri omwe ali ndi SEM amakhala opanda barepoti amasonyeza kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Zofukufukuzi zikutsindika zomwe ntchito yosasamalidwa yomwe imasonyezedwa mu SEM ikhoza kusewera pamakhalidwe oipa a kugonana kwa GBM.

Kuwonetseratu zochitika zogonana ndi zochitika zogonana pakati pa amuna okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, ndi amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2018)- Ndemanga:

Kusachepera kwa chaka chimodzi cha 1 m'zaka zoyambirira za SEM kunapangitsa kuti 3% kuchepetsere pa zovuta zogonana ndi chiwerewere monga chigololot. Chiyanjano ichi chinasintha kwambiri mu 3 zosiyana siyana zomwe zimayendetsa zaka zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zaka zoyamba zogonana, ndi zaka zino, motero. Kusonkhana uku kunayesedwa ndi mtundu woterewu kuti zotsatira zake zinali zolimba pakati pa amuna a ku Latino.

Zotsatira: GBMSM omwe anadziwika kuti SEM amayamba kale m'miyoyo yawo amafotokoza khalidwe la chiopsezo cha kugonana monga akuluakulu. Kuwonetsedwa kwa SEM mu GBMSM ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chokhudzana ndi chiwerewere choyenera choyenera kufufuza.

Zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti ndi chiopsezo cha kugonana pakati pa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna ku United States (2014) - Chidule:

Phunziroli limaphatikizapo kufotokoza zolaula pa Intaneti pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) ku United States ndikufufuza mayanjano pakati pa kugonana kosalephereka (UAI) ku SEOM ndikugwira nawo ntchito ku UAI ndi serodiscordant UAI.

M'miyezi ya 3 isanayambe kuyankhulana, oposa theka (57%) a amunawa adanena kuti kuyang'ana SEOM kamodzi kapena kangapo patsiku ndi theka (45%) adanena kuti theka la SEOM lomwe adawona likuwonetsedwa UAI. Poyerekeza ndi ophunzira omwe anena kuti 0-24% ya SEOM omwe adawawonetsera awonetsa UAI, omwe adanena kuti 25-49, 50-74, kapena 75-100% ya SEOM omwe adawona kuti awonetsedwa UAI analikuwonjezerekabe pang'onopang'ono kuti achite nawo UAI ndi serodiscordant UAI m'miyezi yapitayi ya 3. Monga momwe SEOM yakhalira yowonjezeka komanso yowonjezera, kafukufuku ayenera kuyang'ana kugwirizana pakati pa SEOM ndi kugwiritsira ntchito chiopsezo cha kugonana pakati pa MSM komanso njira zogwiritsira ntchito SEOM pofuna kupewa HIV.

Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khalidwe la kugonana pakati pa amai omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2010) - Ndemanga:

Results: Nthawi yomwe amawonera zolaula inkakhudzana kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso zogonana zosatetezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuzindikira kwakuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha kachirombo ka HIV kunapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi nthawi yayitali yowonerera zolaulay.

Zomwe mwaphunzira: Kufufuza kumeneku ndi buku lachidziwitso chifukwa limafotokoza za mgwirizano pakati pa kuona zolaula ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Maphunziro a m'tsogolo muno ayenera kuganizira za momwe zilili zolaula; makamaka, kuyang'ana zachiwerewere zosatetezedwa ndi chitetezo, zingakhudze chiopsezo cha kugonana kutenga khalidwe.

Kuwonera zolaula zomwe zikuwonetsa kugonana kosatetezedwa: kodi pali zofunikira pa kuteteza HIV pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna? (2012)- Ndemanga:

Kugonjetsedwa kwazinthu zopangidwa ndi Polytomous zazithunzithunzi za 751 zomwe zinapereka deta pazoonetsera zolaula zinasonyeza kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi UAI, kulowetsa UAI, komanso UAI yovomerezeka ndi yowonjezera yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonetseratu UAI. Tinapezanso mabungwe omwe sali ofunikira omwe amagwira ntchito ku UAI ndi zaka, kugwiritsa ntchito inhalant nitrites, ndi HIV. Ngakhale kuti deta silingathe kukhazikitsa, zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti kuonerera zolaula zomwe zikusonyeza UAI ndikuchita UAI zimagwirizana. Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunikanso kuti mudziwe ngati izi zingakhale zothandiza pakupewa HIV.

Kufufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula komanso khalidwe lachiwerewere mwa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna ku Norway (2015) - Chidule:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza njira zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula (SEM) pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) ku Norway, pofotokoza makamaka za kugwirizana komwe kulipo pakati pa kugonana kwa Edzi ndi HIV.

Mankhwala a SEM adapezeka kuti akugwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi makhalidwe opatsirana pogonana. Ophunzira omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza a SBB bareback adanena zapamwamba kwambiri za UAI ndi I-UAI atasintha kwa zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zambiri. MSM amene adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito SEM m'zaka zapitazi adalemba za UAI ndi I-UAI zochepa kuposa MSM amene adayambitsa kale. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kutsata kumvetsetsa momwe MSM ikukhalira ndi kusunga zosankha za SEM komanso mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zowonongeka ndi kukonza komanso khalidwe la chiopsezo cha kugonana.

Kuzoloŵera, Kusokonezeka ndi Kumangokhalira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafilimu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zogonana: Zofufuza zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito Compulsive Pornography Consumer (CPC) Scale pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2015) - Ndemanga:

Ngakhale ambiri (76-80%) MSM sanena za zizindikiro zovuta, za 16-20% zipoti za mavuto a SEM, kuphatikizapo 7% ndi zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira za DSM zothetsera mavuto. Kusiyana kwa chiŵerengero, kugonana, ndi kachilombo ka HIV kunadziwika pakati pa magulu atatuwa. Ofufuza ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala akulimbikitsidwa kuti aganizire kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha CPC kuti awonetsetse bwino khalidwe lachiwerewere.

Kupita pamapepala a Alliance osafunikira:

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Kutsika, MJ, Schrimshaw, EW, Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2017). Zolemba za kugonana zogonana zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chidziwitso cha kugonana: Kuyerekeza kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi okhaokha ku United States. Zosungira zolaula, 46 (6), 1763-1776. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance chinali cholingalira: Amuna awiri omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaonetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mobwerezabwereza poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. 20.7% ya amuna omwe amadziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amadziwika kuti akuwona khalidwe lachiwerewere la amuna okhaokha ndipo 55.0% amuna odziwika ndi amuna okhaokha amavomereza kuti amaonera mafilimu amtundu uliwonse.

Billard, TJ (2019). (Ayi) Manyazi mu Masewera: Chikoka cha Zithunzi Zolaula Kuwona Maganizo Kwa Anthu Ogonjetsa. Mauthenga Ofufuza Kafukufuku, 36 (1), 45-56. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Kafukufukuyu anafufuzira anthu oonera zolaula omwe amaonerera zolaula. Sanayese zotsatira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zotsatirazo:

Phunziro ili, tinapeza chiwerengero chodziwika bwino koma timagwirizana kwambiri pakati pa zolaula ndi malingaliro okhudza anthu ochimwa, pamene tikupeza mayanjano akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu pakati pa manyazi ndi zochitika za kugonana kwa anthu ochimwa komanso maganizo awo.

Ngakhale kuti sizingagwirizanitsidwe, zotsatirazi zimapereka umboni wakuti pakati pa owonerera zolaula zolaula kugonana ndizofunika kwambiri kuwonetsera maganizo kwa akazi ochimwa.

Kufunika kwa zomwe tafufuzazi sikudziwika bwino. Ponena za 'manyazi' kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa debunk mawu omwe amalankhula mobwerezabwereza omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zolaula:

• Mphamvu Yowonetsera Chifundo Chake pa Ubale Pakati pa Kunyada ndi Kugonana (2019): Maseŵera apansi a manyazi omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zipsyinjo zamakono zolaula.
• Kodi miyambo yoganizira imagwira ntchito ngati anthu akuwonetsa zolaula zawo? (2019): manyazi anali osagwirizana ndi kudzikhulupirira kukhala wodetsa zolaula. Ndipotu, olembawo akusonyeza kuti kudziyesa kudziletsa kungachepetse manyazi.

Monga maphunziro ena a Alliance, izi zimatsimikiziranso kuwona zotsatira za zolaula pa wogwiritsa ntchito.

McCormack, M., & Wignall, L. (2017).Chisangalalo, kufufuza ndi maphunziro: Kumvetsetsa zolaula pakati pa anyamata omwe sali okhaokha. Sociology, 51 (5), 975-991. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zotsatira zambiri za kutsika kwa chuma monga momwe phunziroli silinayese zotsatira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Mafunso, osati ochuluka. Ambiri amanena kuti "zolaula zinali ndi phindu la maphunziro kwa anyamatawa." N'zosadabwitsa kuti achinyamata ambiri amaphunzira kuonera zolaula. Alan Mckee, yemwe ali membala wa Deniers Alliance, ananena kuti iwo sanafune kuyang'ana zotsatira zoipa za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula:

Pofuna kusunthira pambali zovuta za paradigm, McKee (2012) amaitanitsa zolaula kuti zikhale ngati mtundu wa zosangalatsa. Iye anatsutsa izi kuti zikhazikitse zosiyana siyana za kafukufuku kusiyana ndi zomwe zikuwongolera zotsatira zowononga.

M'malo moganizira zowonongeka za zolaula, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka yofufuza zochitika zambiri zomwe ophunzira anali nazo, kuyambira nthawi yoyamba kuonera zolaula.

Zotenga - anyamata ambiri amakonda zolaula.

Döring, N. (2000). Malingaliro achikazi pa cybersex: Kuponderezedwa, kumasulidwa, ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu. CyberPsychology & Khalidwe, 3 (5), 863-884. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera chifukwa sizikugwirizana ndi mutu wa gawo lino kapena zotsatira za zolaula kwa wowonera. Sizongokhala zopanda pake, zaka 20 zakubadwa, zonena kuti:

"Amayi amodzi amawombera akazi kuti azitha kugonana mosamala komanso kuti azisangalala ndi kugonana, kugonana bwino, komanso kugonana kosiyana"

Choyamba, zidutswa zina zambiri zamaganizo zimatsutsana ndi izi: Zotsatira za 57,000). Chachiwiri, Kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa maphunziro akugwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana.

Chigawo Cholipirira

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Kupirira kapena chizoloŵezi ndikofunika kwa mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala kapena zolimbikitsa kwambiri pofuna kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake. Nthawi zina zochitikazi zimatchedwa kuti deensitization kapena habituation (zocheperapo kuyankha mankhwala kapena zolimbikitsa). Ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulekerera / kuzoloŵera kumabweretsa zolemetsa zamtundu wamakono kapena mtundu wa zolaula. Kulimbikitsana kwakukulu kawirikawiri kumawonekera pofika pakukula kwa zolaula zatsopano kapena zowonjezereka.

Kuleza mtima kungakhale chizindikiro cha kusokoneza bongo kapena kungokhala wodalira thupi popanda kuledzera. Pembedzero, Ley ndi ena Otsutsa samawoneka kuti amamvetsa kusiyana kwake. Mwachitsanzo, anthu mamiliyoni amamwa mankhwala ambiri monga opioids opweteka kwambiri, kapena prednisone chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kudzimana. Ubongo ndi ziphuphu zawo zakhala zikudalira pa iwo, ndipo kutha kwa ntchito mofulumira kungayambitse zizindikiro zowononga kwambiri. Komabe iwo sali kwenikweni addicted. Kuledzera kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa ubongo kangapo komwe kumayambitsa zomwe akatswiri amatcha "kuledzera phenotype." Ngati kusiyana kulibe, ndikupangira izi Ndondomeko yosavuta ya NIDA.

Gawo Lolekerera la Alliance liyenera kuti lidapangidwa ngati galimoto yoti a Deniers anene kuti zolaula sizipezeka chifukwa kulolerana sikuyenera kuwonetsedwa (lomwe ndi bodza). Mamembala angapo a Alliance (Prause, Janssen, Georgiadis, Finn, Klein ndi Kohut) ayesa njirayi yolakwika munkhani ziwiri zapitazo zomwe YBOP idachotsa:

• Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana ngati mankhwala" (Prause et al., 2017)
• Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018).

Otsutsa ali olakwika pawiri amawerengera:

1. Choyamba, kulekerera sikofunikira kuti munthu azindikire kuti ali ndi vutoli. Inu adzapeza chinenerocho "Ngakhale kulekerera kapena kuchoka n'kofunikira kapena kokwanira kuti apeze matenda ..."Mu DSM-IV-TR ndi DSM-5 kumene amalankhula za chizolowezi choledzera.
2. Izo zinatero, zonse ziwiri kufufuza zolaula pa intaneti ndi ambiri odzimva onetsani kuti anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawonadi achire ndi / kapena kulolerana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana, magulu osiyanasiyana a maphunzirowa amapereka chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi "zolaula" pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri komanso yachilendo. Ochepa amanenanso kuti: Zofufuza za 40 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, kulekerera komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwakhala kwatchulidwa kuchipatala komanso mwamphamvu kwa nthawi yino tsopano. Norman Doidge MD analemba za izi mu 2007 wake wogulitsa kwambiri Ubongo Womwe Umasintha:

Mliri wamaliseche wapano umapereka chiwonetsero chazithunzi zakuti zokonda zakugonana zitha kupezeka. Zithunzi zolaula, zoperekedwa ndi ma intaneti othamanga kwambiri, zimakwaniritsa chilichonse chofunikira kuti munthu asinthe mitsempha yake…. Ojambula zithunzi akamadzitama kuti akukankha envelopu poyambitsa mitu yatsopano, yovuta, zomwe sanena ndikuti ayenera, chifukwa makasitomala awo akupanga kulolerana ndi zomwe zili. Masamba akumapeto kwa magazini owopsa a amuna ndi masamba azolaula a pa intaneti ali ndi zotsatsa zamankhwala amtundu wa Viagra-mankhwala opangidwira amuna achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto a erectile okhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso otseka mitsempha yamagazi mbolo.

Masiku ano anyamata omwe amaonera zolaula amaopa kwambiri kusowa mphamvu, kapena "kuwonongeka kwa erectile" monga momwe amatchulidwira. Mawu osocheretsa amatanthauza kuti amunawa ali ndi vuto m'mibadwo yawo, koma vuto lili m'mutu mwawo, m'mapu awo ogonana. Mbolo imagwira ntchito bwino akagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Siziwachitikira kawirikawiri kuti pakhoza kukhala ubale pakati pa zolaula zomwe akudya komanso kusowa mphamvu kwawo.

mu 2012 reddit / nofap anapanga a kufufuza kwa anthu, zomwe zinapeza kuti pa 60% ya zokonda za mamembala awo zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, kudzera m'mitundu yambiri yolaula.

Q: Kodi zokonda zanu zolaula zasintha?

• Zomwe ndimakonda sizikusintha kwambiri - 29%
• Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zosokoneza ndipo izi zinandipangitsa manyazi kapena nkhawa - 36%
• Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zonyansa ndipo izi zinatero osati ndipangeni manyazi kapena nkhawa - 27%

Ndipo apa pali 2017 umboni wochokera ku PornHub kuti kugonana kwenikweni kuli kosangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Porn sizikuthandizira anthu kupeza zofuna zawo "zenizeni"; imayendetsa iwo mopitirira muyeso mu zofuna kuti awone zachilendo kwambiri ndi mitundu "yeniyeni":

Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuyenda kwambiri kuzopeka kuposa zenizeni. Zithunzi zolaula za 'Generic' zikulowedwa m'malo ndi zongopeka kapena zochitika zina. Kodi izi zikuchitika chifukwa chotopetsa kapena chidwi? Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika; 'kutuluka, kutuluka' sikukhutitsanso anthu ambiri, omwe akufunafuna china chosiyana ”adatero Dr.

Pansipa timapereka zitsanzo zingapo za kuchuluka kwa chilakolako ndi chizoloŵezi / kulekerera kwa oonera zolaula kuchokera mndandanda wa maphunziro oposa 40:

Nayi imodzi mwamafukufuku oyamba kufunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwachindunji za kukula: Zochitika zogonana pa Intaneti: Kufufuza zofufuza za mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chitsanzo cha amuna (2016). Phunziroli limalongosola kuchulukitsa, pamene a 49% a amunawa adanena zowonera zolaula zomwe poyamba sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena zomwe poyamba ankaziona ngati zonyansa. Chidule:

Anthu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi alionse amatchulidwa nthawi zina pofuna kugonana kapena kugwira ntchito ku OSA zomwe poyamba sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti amalingalira zonyansa.

Dual Control Model: Udindo Wokhudzana Ndi Kugonana & Kukondweretsa Pakugonana Ndi Khalidwe, 2007. Indiana University Press, Mkonzi: Erick Janssen, pp.197-222.  Mu kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito kanema kanema (za mtundu umene unagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso yamayambiriro), 50% ya anyamatawo sakanakhoza kudzutsidwa kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula ndi zolaula (zaka zapakati anali 29). Akatswiri ofufuza anapeza kuti vuto la erectile la amuna linali,

zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka m'zipinda ndi malo osambira omwe zithunzi zolaula zinali "ponseponse," komanso "kusewera mosalekeza." Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi nkhaniyi kunalimbikitsa lingaliro lathu kuti ena mwa iwo anali ndi chidwi chokwanira kufooka kwawoneka kuti zakhala zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ochepa kwambiri pa "vanilla kugonana" komanso kuti chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zachikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo kusowa kwachindunji mitundu ya zokakamiza kuti awutse.

Phunziro laposachedwapa linayankha funso lolekerera: Makhalidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zosiyana zimasiyanitsa pakati pa zosangalatsa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti (2019) - Ndemanga:

Chotsatira china chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwake kwazomwe zimachitika poyesera nthawi yayitali pa mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito [osokoneza] osagwiritsidwa ntchito [osokonezeka] ogwiritsa ntchito osangalala, anali oposa [mumagwiritsa ntchito ovuta] poyerekeza ndifupipafupi pa sabata. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IP osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zovuta kuti asiye kuyang'ana IP panthawi ya gawo kapena akusowa nthawi yochulukirapo kuti akwaniritse mphoto yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mawonekedwe a kulekerera muzovuta za mankhwala.

Nanga bwanji za kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali? Kuwonetsera kuzinthu zakugonana zogonana paunyamata ndi kukhumudwitsa zogonana (2018)- Zosintha:

Phunziroli likufuna kufufuza zida zolaula pa intaneti komanso zomwe zingathe kuwonetsa kugonana pa Intaneti pa nthawi. Kupanga phunziro kunali kotenga nthawi; Deta inasonkhanitsidwa m'mafunde a 3 pa nthawi ya miyezi ya 6 kuyambira ku 2012. Zitsanzozo zinaphatikizapo oyankha 1134 (atsikana, 58.8%; amatanthauza zaka, 13.84 ± 1.94 zaka) kuchokera ku sukulu za 55.

Zotsatirazo zasonyeza kuti omwe anafunsidwawo adasintha malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti pakapita nthawi malingana ndi msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa kuwonetseredwa komanso ngati kuwonetseredwa kunali mwachangu. Iwo adasokonezeka chifukwa chokhala osokonezeka kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zingasonyeze kuimika kwa zolaula pa intaneti paunyamata.

Phunziro lina la adolecnt: Mmene Zithunzi Zolaula Zikuonekera pa Achinyamata a Sukulu ya Junior High School a Pontianak ku 2008 (2009) - Zolaula za ku Malawi zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira kwa ophunzira apamwamba. Ndizapadera chifukwa ichi ndi kafukufuku yekhayo amene amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowopsa kwambiri, kukhumudwa (kulolerana), komanso zolaula pakati pa achinyamata. (Ndilo phunziro lokhalo lofunsa achinyamata mafunso awa.) Zolemba:

Onse a 83.3% a achinyamata a sukulu ya sekondale ku Pontianak City adziwonetsa zolaula, komanso poyera kuti anthu oposa 79.5% amawona zolaula. Achinyamata omwe amakumana ndi zolaula monga 19.8% anali pa chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa, [pakati pa omwe adakalipo] achinyamata a 69.2% ali pamsinkhu wopita patsogolo, [pakati pa iwo omwe anakulirakulira] 61.1% ali pa nthawi yovuta, ndipo [ pakati pawo amene anafotokoza kuti akusowa ntchito] 31.8% anali pa siteji ya kuchita.

Nanga bwanji kafukufuku wa ubongo? BKulumikiza kwa mvula ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Kuthandizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zithunzi (Kühn ndi Gallinat, 2014). Kafukufukuyu wa Max Planck Institute fMRI adapeza zochepa kwambiri mu mphotho (dorsal striatum) yolumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zidadyedwa. Inapezanso kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphotho yocheperako poyang'ana poyang'ana mwachidule zithunzi zachiwerewere. Ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa kukhumudwa, ndipo mwina kulolerana, zomwe ndizofunikira zolimbikitsira kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse gawo limodzi lodzutsa. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn adanena izi za kuphunzira kwake:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonetsa zolaula nthawi zonse kumachepetsa mphoto. ... Choncho timaganiza kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula amafunika kulimbitsa mphamvu kuti apeze mphoto yomweyo .... Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapeza pa kugwirizanitsa ntchito kwa statum kupita kumadera ena a ubongo: Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kunapezeka kuti ndikulumikizana ndi kuchepetsa kulankhulana pakati pa malo opindula ndi kampani yamakono.

Kuphunzira kwina ubongo Zachilendo, maonekedwe ndi chisamaliro chokhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana (2015). Cambridge University fMRI yopeza kufotokozera kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chidule:

Kuwonetseratu koyera pa Intaneti kuli kwakukulu komanso kukulirakulira, ndipo gawoli lingalimbikitse kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, amuna athanzi omwe amawona mobwerezabwereza filimu yofananira yomweyo amapezeka kuti amakonda chizolowezicho ndikupeza chotsitsimutsa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azigonana pang'onopang'ono, osakhudzidwa komanso osakhudzidwa (Koukounas ndi Over, 2000). … Timayesa kuyesera zomwe zimawoneka kuchipatala kuti Khalidwe Lokakamiza Kugonana limadziwika ndi kufunafuna zachilendo, zikhalidwe komanso chizolowezi chogonana mwa amuna..

Kuchokera m'nkhani yotsatirayi:

Chizoloŵezi chomwecho chimapezeka mwa amuna abwino omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma pamene ayang'ana kanema yatsopano, mlingo wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwukweza umabwereranso kuyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kupeŵa chizoloŵezi, chizoloŵezi cha kugonana chiyenera kuyesetsa kupeza mafano atsopano mosalekeza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizoloŵezi chikhoza kuyendetsa kufufuza kwa zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe timapeza zimakhudza kwambiri pa zolaula pa Intaneti," akutero Dr Voon. "Sizikudziwika bwino zomwe zimayambitsa chizolowezi chogonana koyambirira ndipo zikuwoneka kuti anthu ena amakonda kwambiri chizolowezi choledzera kuposa ena, koma kupezeka kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere zopezeka pa intaneti kumathandizira kudyetsa chizolowezi chawo, ndikupangitsa kuti zizikhala zowonjezereka zovuta kuthawa."

Nanga bwanji za Nicole Prause a EEG omwe akuphunzira, omwe enieniwo adapeza chizoloŵezi? Kusinthasintha kwa Zomwe Zidzakhala Zosatha Zopindulitsa Zochitika Zogonana ndi Mavuto M'bvuto Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Machitidwe Osagwirizana ndi "Kuledzera Kwambiri" (Prause et al., 2015). Poyerekeza ndi maulamuliro "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa zolaula zawo" anali ndi ubongo wocheperapo kuchitapo kanthu kachiwiri ku zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. The wolemba wamkulu akuti zotsatira izi "debunk zolaula." Mwachidziwikire, ndi sayansi yodalirika iti anganene kuti phunziro lawo lokha lauchidwi lachititsa manyazi malo ophunziridwa bwino?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapeza Prause et al. 2015 iyanjana bwino ndi Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014), yomwe inapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za vanila. The Prause et al. zofufuziranso zikugwirizana ndi Banca et al. 2015, zomwe zinanena kuti kuwerenga kochepa kwa EEG kunatanthawuza kuti nkhaniyi sizinasamalire zithunzi kusiyana ndi maulamuliro. Mwachidule, anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri ankafunsidwa kuti aziona zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Iwo ankatopa (amazoloŵera kapena osasamala). Masankhulidwe asanu ndi atatu owonetsedwa ndi anzako amavomereza kuti Prause et al. 2015 kwenikweni anapeza deensitization / habituation nthawi zambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (mofanana ndi chizoloŵezi).

Nayi kafukufuku wina yemwe adanenapo onse kulekerera ndi kuchotsa (zinthu ziwiri Prause's Lancet chidutswa chopanda pake kuti palibe phunziro la zolaula lomwe ladziwika):Kukula kwa Zovuta Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu (PPCS) (2017). Pepala ili linayesa ndi kuyesa vuto losavuta la zolaula lomwe linkayankhidwa pambuyo pa mayankho okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Funso la 18-chinthuchi linayesedwa kulekerera ndi kuchotsedwa ndi mafunso otsatirawa a 6:

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Funso lirilonse linali lopangidwa kuchokera ku chimodzi mpaka kasanu pa chiwerengero cha Likert: 1- Sitikudziwa, 2- Kawirikawiri, 3- Nthawi zina, 4- Nthawi zina, 5- Kawirikawiri, 6-Kawirikawiri, 7- Nthawi Yonse. Gululi pansipa limagwiritsa ntchito anthu owona zolaula kukhala magulu a 3 pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zawo zonse: "Zosavomerezeka," "Ngozi yochepa," ndi "Pangozi." Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri amatha kulekerera ndi kuchotsedwa.

Mwachidule, phunziroli linafunsa za kukula (kulekerera) ndi kuchotsa - ndipo zonsezi zimafotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Nanga bwanji phunziro la amuna omwe ali ndi zolaula zogonana ndi zolaula? Zithunzi Zolaula Zinayambitsa Kulephera kwa Erectile pakati pa Achinyamata (2019)- Phunziro limasonyeza kulekerera (kuchepa kudzutsa) ndi kuchulukitsa (kufunikira zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti zidzutse) m'nkhani zoterozo. Kuchokera kuzinthu zowoneka:

Pepala ili likufufuza zochitika za zolaula zinapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke (PIED), kutanthauza vuto la kugonana kwa amuna chifukwa cha zolaula za pa Intaneti. Dongosolo lodziwika kuchokera kwa amuna omwe akuvutika ndi vutoli lasonkhanitsidwa ....  amanena kuti kufotokoza koyambirira kwa zolaula (kawirikawiri panthawi ya unyamata) kumatsatiridwa ndi tsiku lililonse mpaka kufika pofika pomwe pali zinthu zowonongeka (zomwe zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zachiwawa) kuti zikhalebe zokondweretsa.

Gawo lovuta kwambiri likufika pamene chilakolako chogonana chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula zoopsa komanso zofulumira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti munthu azigonana komanso kusasangalatsa. Izi zimachititsa kuti sitingakwanitse kukhala ndi wokondedwa weniweni, pomwe abambo amayamba kukonza zolaula. Izi zathandiza ena mwa amuna kuti ayambirenso kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga erection.

Popeza ndasanthula deta, ndawona mapepala ena ndi mitu yowonongeka, motsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi mu zokambirana. Izi ndizo: Kuyamba. Mmodzi amayamba kufotokoza zolaula, kawirikawiri asanakwatire. Kumanga chizoloŵezi. Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse. Kuchuluka. Mmodzi amatembenukira ku mitundu yambiri ya zolaula, zokhutiritsa, kuti athandizire zomwezo zomwe zinapindulitsidwa kudzera mu zovuta zolaula zochepa kwambiri.. Kuzindikira. Wina amadziwa mavuto a kugonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayambitsidwa ndi zolaula. Ndondomeko ya "Re-boot". Mmodzi amayesa kulamulira zolaula ntchito kapena kuzichotsa kwathunthu kuti abwererenso kugonana.

Ndikhoza kupereka Zotsatira zambiri za 35 kulengeza kapena kuwonetsa chizolowezi cha "zolaula zanthawi zonse" limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yachilendo, koma izi ndizokwanira kuwulula kusankha kosagwirizana kwa Alliance. Pitani kuzitchulidwe zawo ziwiri:

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Landripet, Busko, & Štulhofer (2019).Kuyesera zochitika zomwe zikuchitika: Kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yaitali kumagwiritsira ntchito komanso kukonda zokakamizidwa pakati pa anyamata. Masayansi a Sayansi. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Wachiwiri ndi Alliance Alexander Štulhofer. Monga maphunziro am'mbuyomu, Štulhofer amachepetsa zitsanzo zake kwa ophunzira aku sekondale yaku Croatia (azaka 16; 58% akazi). Kuchulukana nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka kuti kuonekere, chifukwa chake ophunzira aku sekondale sakhala maphunziro osankhika monga momwe amachitira (mwina) koyambirira kwa ntchito zawo zowonera zolaula.

Chachiwiri, phunziroli limakhala lopanda malipoti ochepa kwambiri okhudza zolaula zomwe achinyamata adanena kuti ndizo "zopanikizika" kapena "zopweteka." Izi zimalepheretsa achinyamata ambiri kutchulidwa pamene akufotokoza mbiri yawo yakukula (mwachitsanzo, zolaula, hentai, TS porn, gang bang, bukake, MILF, Women, chiwerewere, mumatchula).

Ndipo kuumirizidwa ndi kupweteka kumazindikiridwa molondola motani, monga momwe makanema osakanikira amakhudzira malingaliro a achinyamata kuti "kugonana kwenikweni" ndi chiyani? Ndemanga ya 2019 (Kuwona zolaula kupyolera mu lens la ufulu wa ana) ndemanga pa funso ili:

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti iwo omwe amakhala ndi mavuto owonera zolaula amawonetsa kukonda kwambiri zifaniziro kuposa kuwongolera moyenera, komanso kuzolowera zithunzi mwachangu, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera chidwi cha zithunzi zatsopano (Barron ndi Kimmel, 2000).

Izi zitha kufotokozera zomwe zachitika pazakuwonera zolaula kwambiri, zomwe zitha kuphatikizira zachiwawa, kutsamwa, kumenya, kukoka tsitsi, kulowerera mwankhanza kwa amuna angapo, kugundana, kukakamiza, kulamulira amuna, zochita zosagwirizana, kugonjera akazi, chidwi cha akazi ndi kufunitsitsa kwawo, manyazi ndi kutchula dzina, kutulutsa nkhope pankhope ya akazi, kugonana kumatako, zibwenzi zingapo, ukapolo, kuponderezana, nkhanza, masochism, tsankho, kukodza, chimbudzi, kugona ndi nyama, kugwiririra, komanso zithunzi zankhanza za ana (zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zolaula za ana"), lero ndi pafupifupi 20% yamakampani opanga zolaula (Foley, 2006; Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010; "Zoyipa zomwe zikuchitikira ana aku Australia," 2016; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Hanson, Whittle, & Beech, 2017).

Inde, kafukufuku wina wotsutsa anapeza kuti 88% ya zolaula zimaphatikizapo zachiwawa (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010; Foubert, Brosi, & Bannon, 2011), pomwe ena amaziyika zochepa kwambiri (McKee , 2005). McKee amafika peresenti yochepa ya magawo awiri pazifukwa posiya zowawa zonse zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka, koma ngati ana akuwonera zolaula, sangamvetse kusiyana pakati pa chiwawa ndi nkhanza zosagwirizana ndi anthu ndipo palibe umboni wakuti sichimakhudza kwambiri kuposa chiwonetsero cha mwana woyang'ana. Mosasamala kuti ndi kafukufuku uti amene ali wolondola, pafupifupi ziwawa zonse zomwe zimachitika zolaula masiku ano zimalunjika kwa azimayi (Barron & Kimmel, 2000, p. 164; Hamilton-Giachritsis, et al., 2017).

Chachitatu, phunzirolo silinapemphe ophunzira mwachindunji ngati ntchito zawo zolaula zakhala zikukula m'magulu omwe amawaona kuti ndi oopsa, kapena osagwirizana ndi zofuna zawo zoyambirira zogonana. Motero, phunziro la Štulhofer silinathe kulingalira molondola kuti kulekerera kapena kuchulukira.

Ndipotu, zenizeni zomwe Štulhofer anapeza (zosachokera ku zosaoneka, koma kuphatikizapo pamapepala) zimagwirizanitsa ntchito yambiri yolaula poyang'ana wamkulu zosiyanasiyana za zolaula:

Chochititsa chidwi, kusanthula kwathu kunatanthawuza kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati Nthawi zambiri zolaula zowonongeka zimagwiritsanso ntchito kuchepa kwapadera pazinthu zokakamizidwa / kuzunzidwa m'kupita kwanthawi. Ngakhale kuti izi sizikuthandizira kapena kumatsutsa CPT, Zimasonyeza kuti zolaula zogwiritsidwa ntchito zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi zosiyana zambiri (mwachitsanzo, chidwi chosiyana kwambiri) muunyamata. Izi zingakhale zogwirizana ndi zochitika zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika ndikuyenera kufufuzidwa.

Kutembenuza: kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu kunkagwirizana ndi achinyamata omwe amafufuza zachilendo komanso zachilendo zosiyana siyana. Izi sizosadabwitsa ngati anthu osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kawirikawiri amafotokoza kukula kwa zolaula zawo zomwe zimatenga mawonekedwe a nthawi yochulukirapo kapena kufunafuna mitundu yambiri ya zolaula. Mitundu yatsopano yomwe imachititsa mantha, kudabwa, kuphwanya ziyembekezo kapena ngakhale nkhawa zingathe kuonjezera kuukitsa kugonana, ndipo mwa ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula omwe amayankha kukhumudwitsa chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, chodabwitsachi n'chofala kwambiri.

Shor, E., & Seida, K. (2019)."Ovuta ndi ovuta"? Kodi zithunzi zolaula zimakhala zachiwawa kwambiri ndipo amawona okonda zachiwawa ?. Journal of Sex Research, 56 (1), 16-28. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Phunziroli silinayese kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pazinthu zilizonse kotero kuti sitingatiuze za kulekerera kapena kukula. Komanso palibe chidule cha Alliance. Papepalayi ndi njira yonyenga, yosayesayesa yolimbana ndi maphunziro a 2010 Ana pamasewero olaula ("Chiwawa ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere pogulitsa kwambiri mavidiyo olaula"), Zomwe zapeza kuti 88% ya mafilimu opangidwa ndi zolaula omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi amayi.

Komabe, Makhadzi Reya Venda ft DJ Tira 2019 sichifanana ndi maphunziro a Bridges, omwe amasankha mavidiyo otchuka kwambiri. Kuphunzira kwatsopano kumeneku sikungatiuze kanthu za zochitika zaukali mavidiyo otchuka kwambiri pakati pa 2008-2016, monga idzinenera kuti imatero. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti phunzirolo silinayese mavidiyo ochokera kwa anthu okhay, monga izi zikuchokera mu "Zitsanzo ndi Gawo la Chidziwitso" zikuwulula:

Pa njira yathu yoyamba, tinayesetsa kuonjezera chifaniziro cha amayi ndi abambo ochokera ku mafuko osiyanasiyana komanso mafuko osiyanasiyana. Choncho, tinagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zitsanzo, kuphatikizapo mavidiyo omwe adawonedwa kwambiri kuchokera m'magulu otsatirawa a PornHub: "Zonse" (mavidiyo a 70), "Interracial" (mavidiyo a 25), "Ebony" (mavidiyo a 52), "Asia / Japan" (mavidiyo a 35), "Latina" (19 mavidiyo), ndi "Gay" (mavidiyo a 25)

Kusankha mavidiyo ndi magulu omwe adakonzeratu, pamene akusiyiratu magulu ena ambiri (mwina pali mazana a magulu), njira ochita kafukufukuwo anachita osati sankhani mavidiyo otchuka kwambiri ndi malingaliro.

Chimaipiraipira. M'magulu "Ovomerezeka kuti awonetse kutchuka kwa mavidiyo" gawolo ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti anawonjezera mavidiyo ambiri osasintha ochepa mawonedwe:

Chitsanzo chathu choyamba chinaphatikizapo mavidiyo omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono izi zisawonongeke. Choncho timaphatikizapo zitsanzo zina zosasintha za mavidiyo omwe adalandira zochepa. Chitsanzo chotsirizachi chimaphatikizapo mavidiyo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira maonekedwe a 11,000 kupita ku maonekedwe a 116 miliyoni.

Mwachidule, ochita kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti asunga phazi limodzi pa mamba mpaka atapanga zofuna zawo. Papepalali likuwoneka ngati kuyesa zofalitsa kusiyana ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Zikanakhala zitayankhidwa ndi akatswiri aphunziro a maphunziro, ntchito yotereyi, yosasangalatsa siyingayambe kupitiliza kawiri kawiri.

Timaganiza kuti ntchito yawo yonse ndi yosasangalatsa komanso yosagwirizana ndi sayansi imalimbikitsidwa ndi mawu osagwirizana omwe olemba a pepalawo anapanga kuti olemba nkhani. Ofufuzawo adanenanso kuti zomwe adapanga mwaluso sizinangowonetsa kuti zolaula zimayamba kukhala zachiwawa (kuwuluka pamaso pa akaunti ina iliyonse kulikonse), koma kuti zotsatirazi zidatsutsanso "zizolowezi zolaula" - mwina potengera zosakhutiritsa zawo amanena kuti zolaula zikukhala "zofewa." Balderdash. Pansipa pali maphunziro ochepa omwe akutsutsa zonena zabodzazi (motsatira nthawi yake):

Kugonjera ndi Kusalinganika mu X-Rated Videocassettes (1988) - Ndemanga:

Azimayi akhala akudandaula za kukhumudwa kwa amayi pazinthu zakugonana. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kudziwa momwe ulamuliro ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa kugonana ndi mavidiyo a makasitomala oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu kupyolera mukusanthula kwa 45 komwe kulipo mavidiyo makasitomati. Chitsanzocho chinali mwadzidzidzi amachokera mndandanda wa maina a mafilimu akuluakulu a 121 omwe alipo ambiri mumtundu wa makasitomala omasewero a mavidiyo omwe amapezeka kumwera kwa California. Pafupifupi theka la zochitika zogonana zodziwika bwino zinali zolembedwera makamaka zomwe zimakhudza ulamuliro kapena kuzunzidwa. Ulamuliro wambiri ndi kuzunzidwa kunayendetsedwa ndi amuna kwa amayi. Zizindikiro zenizeni za ulamuliro ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa kugonana, kuphatikizapo chiwawa, kunachitika kawirikawiri. Kukula kwa makampani a kanema wa kanema ndi kutchuka kwa mafilimu opangidwa ndi x, kuphatikizapo mauthenga omwe mafilimuwa amasonyeza, ndi chifukwa chodandaula.

Zachiwawa ndi zanyansi monga mitu yamakanema a "akulu" (1991) - Ndemanga:

Makaseti a vidiyo akhala chida chodziwika kwambiri pankhani zolaula. Kafukufuku wina wam'mbuyomu adawunika kuchuluka kwachiwawa m'makanema ngati awa. Commission ya Attorney General pa Zithunzi Zolaula (1986) yanena kuti zolaula zomwe sizowonetsa zachiwerewere zimawononga zofananira ndi zolaula zachiwawa. Kusanthula kwamitundu 10% yachitsanzo (n = 50) yamavidiyo omwe adawonetsedwa pagawo la "achikulire" m'sitolo yamavidiyo adawonetsa kuti 13.6% yazowonera m'makanemawa anali ndi ziwawa ndipo 18.2% inali ndi zonyansa.

Kusankhana ndi kugonana mu zolaula zosiyana siyana (1994) - Ndemanga:

Kusankhana ndi kugonana kunayesedwa pa makaseti oonera zolaula (Black / White) X. Kugonana kunasonyezedwa mu chiwawa cha unidirectional cha amuna kwa akazi. Kusankhana mitundu kunasonyezedwa m'munsi mwa ochita masewera a Black ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyana. Kusankhana mitundu kunawoneka kuti kunayesedwa mosiyana ndi kugonana, ndipo kugonana kumasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, azimayi a Black ndi omwe anali ndi zolinga zambiri zaukali kusiyana ndi azimayi a White, ndipo Amuna akuda sanasonyeze makhalidwe ocheperapo kusiyana ndi amuna oyera. Chiwawa chowonjezereka chinapezeka mumagwirizano osiyana-siyana kusiyana ndi kugonana komweko. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula ndi zachiwawa komanso zachiwerewere.

Nkhanza za kugonana mu zojambula zolaula zitatu: Kufikira kufotokozera zachikhalidwe (2000) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu amachititsa zachiwawa zogonana mumagazini, kanema, ndi Usenet (zolaula za pa Intaneti). Mwachindunji, chiwerengero cha nkhanza, chiwerengero cha chiwawa chogonana komanso chosagwirizana ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe akuzunzidwa ndi ozunza amafaniziridwa. A Kuwonjezeka kosawerengeka kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza kuchokera ku sing'anga kupita ku yotsatira ikupezeka, ngakhale kuwonjezeka pakati pa magazini ndi mavidiyo sikofunika kwenikweni. Komanso, Magazini ndi mavidiyo onse akuwonetsa zachiwawa monga consensual, pamene Usenet amawonetsera ngati osabwereza. Chachitatu, magazini amawonetsa akazi ngati opondereza nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi amuna, pamene Usenet imasiyana mosiyana ndikuwonetsera amuna ngati ozunza nthawi zambiri.

Malo Owezera Achidwi Achidwi Achidwi: Kodi Zochitika Zowonongeka Zimakhala Zotani? (2010) - Ndemanga:

Russell (Maubale owopsa: Zithunzi zolaula, misogyny, ndi kugwiririra, 1988) adati zofunikira zolaula ndizophatikiza akazi ambiri kuposa maliseche amuna ndikuwonetsa amuna pamaudindo apamwamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito masamba a intaneti akuluakulu a 45, kuwunika komwe kunachitika kuti muwone ngati makanema achikulire omasuka komanso osavuta kupezeka pa intaneti atha kufotokozedwa ngati zolaula mogwirizana ndi ntchito ya Russell (1988)…. Mavoti opitirira theka la mavidiyo athu (55% ya mavidiyo onse omwe ali ndi ojambula awiri omwe alipo) anali owonetsa kuti amasonyeza akazi amaliseche kusiyana ndi amuna ndipo 55% ya mavidiyo onse anali ndi mutu waukulu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kulamulira kumene mwamuna wamasewero anatulutsidwa ngati kukhala wolamulira. Chifukwa chake, mavidiyo ambiri a pa intaneti omwe samasulidwe amatha kufotokozedwa ngati zithunzi zolaula zogwirizana ndi Russell's [34] ntchito.

Kugonjetsa ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere pogulitsa kwambiri mavidiyo olaula: zosinthidwa zomwe mukuwerenga (2010) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufuku wamakonowa akufufuza zomwe zilipo mavidiyo olaula omwe ali ndi zolinga zowonjezeretsa ziwonetsero, zachiwerewere, ndi zogonana komanso kuyerekezera zotsatira za maphunziro ndi maphunziro omwe asanthuledwa kale. Zomwe zimawonetsa zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza zolaula m'mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe. Pazithunzi za 304 zatsimikiziridwa, 88.2% inali ndi nkhanza, makamaka kukwapula, kukwapula, ndi kukwapula, pamene 48.7% ya mawonekedwe anali ndi mawu achipongwe, makamaka kuyitana. Ochita zachiwawa anali abambo, pomwe zolinga zaukali zinali zazikazi akazi. Zolinga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokondweretsa kapena zosagwirizana ndi zovuta.

Gender (In) Kufanana pakati pa zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kusanthula Kwambiri kwa Popular Pornographic Internet Videos (2015) - Ndemanga:

Ngakhale kuti zithunzi zolaula zili pa intaneti zimafala ndipo ofufuza ayamba kufufuza zotsatira zake, sitidziwa zambiri za zomwe zilipo. Izi zachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zosiyana zokhudzana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti zikuwonetsere kugonana (mu) kufanana komanso ngati zosiyanazi zikusiyana pakati pa zolaula ndi amatsenga. Tinafufuza mozama za miyeso itatu yofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (mwachitsanzo, kukakamiza, mphamvu, ndi chiwawa) mu 400 zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti pa ma webusaiti oonera zolaula kwambiri.

Cholingacho chinkawonetsedwa kawirikawiri kwa amayi kupyolera mu zomangamanga, koma amuna nthawi zambiri amalephera kupyolera mu chiwonongeko. Ponena za mphamvu, abambo ndi amai sanagwirizane ndi chikhalidwe chawo, koma Amuna amasonyezedwa kuti ndi akulu komanso amayi omwe amamvera nthawi yogonana.

Kodi Zopindulitsa Zimakhala Bwanji Achinyamata Amuna Omwe Akugonana Osakwatirana ku Australia Akuwona Zithunzi Zolaula? Phunziro Lachigawo Chachigawo (2018) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu adasanthula kuti kagulu ka achinyamata aku Australia (azaka 15 mpaka 29) adawona zikhalidwe zingapo zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa zolaula m'miyezi yapitayi ya 12…. Chisangalalo cha amuna (83%) chimawoneka pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa achinyamata omwe adafunsidwa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi munthu yemwe amawonetsedwa kuti ndi wamkulu (70%). Amayi anali ndi mwayi wofotokozera pafupipafupi zachiwawa kwa mkazi.

Ukalamba, Chiwawa, ndi Chisangalalo pa Mafilimu Othandiza Owonetsa pa Intaneti Othandiza (2019) - Ndemanga:

Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa zomwe zili m'mavidiyo otchuka a 172 pa webusaiti yolaula PornHub.com. Ngakhale kuti sindinapeze kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa mafilimu okhudzidwa ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi ochita zachikulire, omwe kale anali ndi udindo womwe umasonyeza kuponderezana ndi kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza kwa anal komanso kusuntha kwa nkhope. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kuti onse ochita masewerawa amatha kukondweretsa pambuyo pochita zachiwawa, mgwirizano umenewu unali wolimba kwambiri m'mavidiyo omwe ali ndi osewera achinyamata. Mavidiyo awa akuwonetsa nkhanza ndi kuwonongeka monga onse awiri, amuna, olamulira amai okonda-ndi zachiwerewere- ie, kupanga chisangalalo kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Gawo la Maonekedwe a Thupi

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Chigawo ichi cha Alliance chilibe ndemanga za zolemba kapena zofufuza. M'malo mwake, ili ndi phunziro lokha lokha pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo it anangonena zotsatira zoyipa zokha. M'malo mwake, kusakhulupirika kwakukulu kwamaphunziro kumalumikiza kuwonera zolaula ndi mawonekedwe olakwika, kutsutsa kwakukulu komanso kusakhutira kwakukulu. Tiyeni tiyambe ndikuwunika meta ndikuwunika komwe Deniers Alliance idasiya:

Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015 - Ndemanga:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi chinali kupanga zofufuza zovuta zowononga zochitika zogonana. Cholinga chake chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'mabuku a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Zonse za 109 zolemba zomwe zili Zotsatira za 135 zinayankhidwa. Zomwe anapezazi zinapereka umboni wosatsutsika wakuti onse opangira ma laboratory ndi ozolowereka, kuwonekera tsiku ndi tsiku ku malemba awa zimagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira thupi, kudzikonda kwambiri, chithandizo chachikulu cha zikhulupiliro za kugonana ndi zikhulupiliro zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera zachiwawa zogonana kwa amayi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera mwachidziwitso ku zinthu izi kumapangitsa amayi ndi abambo kukhala ndi lingaliro lochepa la luso la amai, chikhalidwe, ndi umunthu.

Mgwirizanowu udasiyanso kuwunika kwa 2017 kwa meta-kusanthula kwa kuchuluka - Malingaliro a amayi pa zolaula za amuna awo ndi kugonana, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi kumakhutira.- Zolemba:

Kusanthula mndandanda wa mapepala owonjezereka omwe akuchitika lero kukuthandizira ponena kuti Amayi ambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro akuti wokondedwa wawo ndi wonyansa. Kufufuza kwakukulu kuphatikizapo maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kuzindikira ogonana monga ogula zithunzi zolaula ankagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana kosayenera, kugonana, ndi thupi. Chiyanjano cha kukhutira nokha sichinali choipa. Zotsatirazo zanenanso kuti kukhutira kwa amayi kumachepetsedwa mwa makalata ndi lingaliro loti abwenzi awo akuwononga zolaula kawirikawiri.

Mgwirizanowu udasiya kuwunikanso za 2017 zamaphunziro ataliatali - Maubwenzi a kutalika pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi malingaliro ndi makhalidwe a achinyamata: Kuwerengera ndemanga kwa maphunziro. - Zolemba:

Maphunziro otsatiridwa omwe anapeza kuti Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhudza maganizo ndi zikhulupiliro za achinyamata, monga chidwi chogonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), kusatsimikizika pazakugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), Kugonana kwa amayi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), malingaliro azisangalalo ndi zovomerezeka zogonana (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), malingaliro osiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. (Brown & L'Engle, 2009) ndi andikuwonetsetsa thupi (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Ndipo Alliance idasiya kuwunikiranso za 2019 pa achinyamata komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula -  Kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zotsatira zake pa thanzi la aang'ono: umboni watsopano wa mabukuwa. - Kuchokera kumabuku:

Malingana ndi maphunziro osankhidwa (n = 19), mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pazinthu zolaula komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana, maganizo ndi maganizo a anthu - chiwerewere choyambirira, kugonana ndi anthu angapo komanso / kapena nthawi zina, kuwonetsa makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana, malingaliro a thupi osagwira ntchito, kukhumudwa, nkhawa kapena kupsinjika maganizo, kukakamiza zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zatsimikiziridwa.

Kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti pa umoyo wa ana akuwoneka kukhala kofunikira. Nkhaniyi silingathe kunyalanyazidwa ndipo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi maiko osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana. Kulimbitsa makolo, aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandiza pa nkhaniyi adzawathandiza kuchepetsa luso la kulingalira za zolaula, kuchepetsa ntchito zake ndi kupeza maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi oyenerera omwe ali oyenerera pa chitukuko chawo.

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Vogels, EA (2018).Wokonda: Zogwirizana pakati pa zolaula zolaula, chifanizo cha thupi, ndi zochitika zenizeni. Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Kusanthula koyamba komweko ndi Cherry zokhazokha (mwachitsanzo, kusinthana kwa chiwerengero) muchitsanzo chosayimira.

Borgogna, NC, Lathan, EC, & Mitchell, A. (2019). Kodi Akazi Amakhala Ovuta Kuonera Zolaula? Kugonana & Kukakamira, 1-22. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Chidule cha Alliance chiri cholondola ndipo sichikutsutsa zotsatira zofunika ("zolaula zowonongeka kawirikawiri, malingaliro ogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndi mavuto olamulira sanali osiyana ndi chithunzi cha thupi"). Choyamba, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zina (osati zonse) zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chifaniziro cha thupi ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati zotsatira zapadera. Chachiwiri, Alliance inasiya kuti zina mwa zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chifanizo cha thupi losauka. Chidule cha phunziro:

Zomwe taphunzira kuchokera ku phunziro lino zimathandizira kufunikira kwa machitidwe othandizira umboni kwa amayi omwe akuwona zovuta. Makamaka, zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuthawa mavuto amalingaliro / maganizo amasonyezeranso kuti thupi limakhala losasangalatsa.

Chachitatu, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, zolembazo zosamveka zanenedwa kuti nthawi zambiri kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunali kosagwirizana ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano. Zoona zenizeni, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, zinali zofanana ndi chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa. Kuchokera pa phunziro: RAS (#6) = "chikhutiro cha ubale":

Chidule cha thupi la phunziro:

Tinayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane maubwenzi pakati pa kuyang'ana mafupipafupi ndi kuyang'ana zovuta kumangidwe pachithupi cha thupi ndi chiyanjano cha ubale kwa amayi ... .. Komanso ponena za H1, Kuwonera nthawi zambiri kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano cha amai pa chiwerengero chokhazikika.

Otsutsa sanatuluke kufufuza kofunikira.

Laan, E., Martoredjo, DK, Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., & van Lunsen, RH (2017). Kudziyimira wekha kumaliseche kwa atsikana ndi zovuta zowonekera pazithunzi zachilengedwe. Zolemba za psychosomatic obstetrics & gynecology, 38 (4), 249-255. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Kufufuza: Zowonjezera zowonjezera - popeza kafukufukuyu alibe chochita ndi kuwonera zolaula. Zolemba pa phunziroli:

Amayi makumi anayi ndi atatu amawonetsedwa zithunzi zachilengedwe (N = 29) kapena zithunzi za zinthu zopanda ndale (N = 14). Chithunzi choberekera chimayesedwa kale komanso pambuyo paziwonetserozo ndipo patatha milungu iwiri.

Zotsatira: Ambiri mwa ophunzirawo amamva bwino kwambiri za ziwalo zawo zamkati. Chifukwa chodziwika ndi zithunzi za chilengedwe chamtunduwu, zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chogonana, mosasamala kanthu za kugonana, kugonana, kudzidalira komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa. Amayi omwe adawona zithunzi zowonongeka, zotsatira zabwino pa chidziwitso cha chiwerewere zidakalipo pakatha masabata awiri.

Nkhani ikuwombera: Inu mukhoza kuphunzira anatomy popanda kuyendera Pornhub.

Kuti tiwonetse kusankhidwa kwa Alliance kosasamala komwe timachita timapereka kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi zolaula kwa anthu osauka komanso osakhutira thupi, zomwe adazisiya mwadala:

Zotsatira za Kusungunuka kwa Amuna Achichepere Kuwoneka Kwambiri kwa Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna (1984) - Ndemanga:

Pambuyo poonekera kwa akazi okongola, okwatirana amtengo wapatali amayamba kugwa pansi poyesedwa pambuyo poonekera kwa akazi osakondweretsa; Mtengo uwu umakhala ngati malo apakati pambuyo pa kuwonetsa mphamvu. 

Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988) - Ndemanga:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumutsidwa anadziwika ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe si zachilendo kapena zosavomerezeka. Chiwonetsero chinali mu magawo ola lililonse mu masabata asanu otsatira. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adagwirizana nawo mosagwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu komanso zosangalatsa zawo. [Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziwonetsera nokha pa chidziwitso cha kugonana. Pambuyo poona zithunzi zolaula, nkhani zinkakhutira kwambiri ndi anzawo omwe amagwirizana nawo makamaka, ndi chikondi chawo, maonekedwe awo, chilakolako chogonana, ndi kugonana koyenera.

Chikoka cha anthu ambiri otchuka pa ziweruzo za alendo komanso okwatirana (1989) - Ndemanga:

Kuyesera 2, nkhani zamwamuna ndi zazimayi zimawonekera kuti azigonana ndi amuna anzawo. Phunziro lachiwiri, panali kugwirizana kwa kugonana ndi chikhalidwe chokhudzidwa pa zokopa za kugonana. Zowonongeka zowonongeka kwapakati zimapezeka kwa amuna okhaokha omwe amawonekera kwa nkhono zazimayi. Amuna amene adapeza PlayboyZomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zimakhala zokondweretsa zokha zokha zokhala ndi chikondi chochepa ndi akazi awo.

Achinyamata Akuwonetsa Zomwe Amachita Zogonana Ndizogwirizana ndi Zomwe Azimayi Amakonda Kugonana (2007) - Ndemanga:

Kuwonetsera kwa zolaula pa mafilimu pa intaneti ndi njira yokhayo yokhudzana ndi chikhulupiliro kuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chogonjetsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zogonana.

Kuwonetsera Zogonana ndi Zosintha M'thupi Ndizofunika, Kugonana, ndi Kugonana pakati pa Anthu a ku Canada (2007) - Ndemanga:

Monga ananenedweratu, kugwirizana kwakukulu kunachitika pakati pa zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi machitidwe a chiwerewere ndi kugonana.

Kugonana ku America Online: Kufufuza za kugonana, Chikhalidwe cha m'banja, ndi kugonana pa Intaneti pakufuna kugonana ndi zotsatira zake (2008)- Ndemanga:

Izi zinali kufufuza za kugonana ndi ubale kufunafuna pa intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa anthu a 15,246 omwe anafunsidwa ku United States makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu mwa amuna ndi 41% azimayi anali ataonerera kapena kukopera zolaula. Amuna ndi anyamata kapena atsikana omwe amakhala ndi mwayi wochita zolaula kapena kuchita zinthu zina zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti poyerekeza ndi zovuta kapena akazi.

Ubale wogwirizana udawululidwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai chifukwa chakuwona zolaula, ndi Azimayi akufotokoza zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo kutsika thupi, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti achite zinthu zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu mafilimu olaula, osagonana kwenikweni, pamene amuna adanena kuti akunyalanyaza thupi lawo komanso osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana kwenikweni.

Zomwe Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Zolemba ndi Malingaliro a Akazi monga Zogonana: Kuunika Zomwe Zimayendera ndi Njira Zowonongeka (2009)- Ndemanga:

Komabe, kutsogolera mwachindunji kwa malingaliro a amayi monga zinthu zogonana pazowonekera kwa ZOONA zinali chabe chofunikira kwa anyamata achichepere. Kuwonjezeranso kwina kunasonyeza kuti, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe cha anyamata, kukonda za CHOYENERA kuthetsa chiwonetsero cha kuwonekera kwa ZOYENERA pa zikhulupiriro zawo kuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana, komanso zotsatira za zikhulupilirozi pazomwe zilipo.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi zolemba za amuna ndi akazi: Kufufuza za kugonana ndi kugonana (2014)- Ndemanga:

Timanena kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigonana omwe amatsogolera zochitika zogonana. Poyesa izi, tidasanthula amuna aku 487 aku koleji (azaka 18-29 zaka) ku United States kuti tifanizire kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe amakonda pazakugonana. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zolaula zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi munthu, makamaka momwe amayenera kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yogonana, kufunsa zachiwerewere za mnzake. mwadala mwadzidzidzi kujambula zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana kuti mupitirize kukwatira, ndikukhala ndi nkhawa pazochita zake zogonana ndi chifaniziro cha thupi. Komanso, zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndikusangalala ndi khalidwe logonana ndi mnzanu.

Makhalidwe okhudza kugonana pa intaneti ndi thupi la achinyamata komanso maganizo awo okhudzana ndi kugonana (2014)- Ndemanga:

Dongosolo lautali lachinayi pakati pa 1132 wachisanu ndi chiwiri- kwa achinyamata a ku Dutch omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 10th (zaka zowopsya pamsinkhu 1: 13.95 zaka; 52.7% anyamata) adasonkhanitsidwa. Zotsatira za kudzikonda pazeng'onoting'ono 4 ndi njira za makolo zolosera zamakhalidwe apakompyuta zinafufuzidwa mwa kuwonjezera njira zowonongeka kwa zitsanzo za kukula.

Kuwonjezeka koyambirira komanso / kapena kuwonjezeka mofulumira m'makhalidwe a pa intaneti pazinthu zogonana zimatanthawuza kudzidalira kwenikweni (asungwana a SNS amagwiritsa ntchito okha), kuyang'anitsitsa thupi, komanso osakhutira ndi chiwerewere. Kufikira pa intaneti payekha ndi malamulo ochepetsetsa a makolo omwe akukhazikitsa ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti amaneneratu kuti akuyenera kuchita zambiri pazochita zogonana pa intaneti. Ngakhale makhalidwe ambiri pa intaneti sakufala pakati pa achinyamata, anyamata omwe ali ndi makhalidwe oterewa ali pangozi yowonjezereka yopanga malingaliro olakwika a thupi ndi kugonana

Palibe Kuvulaza Poyang'ana, Kumanja? Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito, Thupi la Thupi, ndi Kukhala Wabwino (2014) - Ndemanga:

Njira zowunika zimasonyeza kuti Nthawi zambiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi (a) zokhudzana ndi kusakhutira ndi kukhuta kwa mafuta ndi thupi mwa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya mesomorphic, (b) yosagwirizana kwambiri ndi chidziwitso cha thupi mwachindunji ndi mwachindunji kupyolera mu kuyang'anira thupi...

Kodi kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti kumawonjezera kusakhutira kwa thupi? Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali (2014)

Kuchokera pa kafukufuku wamagulu awiri a mawonekedwe omwe anachitika pakati pa oimira dziko la 1879 Dutch omwe tidawapeza kuti kawirikawiri kuwonetseredwa kwa ZINTHU kunapangitsa kuti amuna asakhutike ndi thupi lawo komanso makamaka m'mimba mwawo.

Zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti Zigwiritse ntchito ndi kugonana muchitsanzo cha Dutch (2016)- Ndemanga:

Kusakhutira kukula kwa mbolo kumalumikizidwa ndi zolaula ... Zotsatira izi zimathandizira zongoganizira zapadera ndi zozizwitsa zokhudzana ndi ubale pakati pa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chifaniziro cha kugonana kwa amuna.

Kuwonana ndi Mafilimu Owonetsa Zogonana ndi Mgwirizano Wake ndi Matenda a Maganizo Amuna Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna - Zolemba

Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) adanena kuti amawona zolaula zolaula (SEM) kusiyana ndi amuna amtundu uliwonse. Pali umboni wakuti kuyang'ana zambiri za SEM kungapangitse kukhala ndi maganizo oipa a thupi komanso kukhumudwa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku amene asanthula zochitika izi mofanana.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa SEM kunagwirizana mwachindunji ndi khalidwe loipa la thupi komanso zizindikiro zomvetsa chisoni komanso zosautsa. Panalinso kugwilitsidwa kwakukulu kwa SEM mowa pa zowawa ndi zozizwitsa za matenda pogwiritsa ntchito thupi. Zomwe zapezazi zikutsindika kufunika kwa SEM pazithunzi za thupi ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza pamodzi ndi chithunzi cha thupi chomwe chimasewera ndi nkhawa ndi zotsatira za kuvutika kwa GBM.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa amuna ocheperako: Amagulu ndi kusakhutira thupi, zizindikiro za matenda a matenda, maganizo okhudza anabolic steroids ndi khalidwe la moyo (2017) - Zowonjezera:

Chitsanzo cha amuna osakwatirana a 2733 omwe amakhala ku Australia ndi New Zealand anamaliza kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti omwe anali ndi zochitika zolaula, kusakhutira thupi, kudya zakudya za matenda, matenda okhudza anabolic steroid komanso khalidwe labwino. Otsatsa onse (98.2%) adanena kuti zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito maola a 5.33 pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse.

Kufufuza kwa Multivariate kunasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi minofu, mafuta a thupi ndi kutalika; zizindikiro zazikulu zowononga matenda; malingaliro owonjezereka okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anabolic steroid; ndi khalidwe lapansi la moyo.

Ma Media Online, Kukhutira Thupi, ndi Zolinga Zogwirizana ndi Amuna Amuna Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna: Phunziro Loyenerera (2017)- Ndemanga:

Kuyankhulana kwapadera kwapadera kunayendetsedwa ndi 16 MSM, ponena za mphamvu yodziwika ya SEOM-yapadera SEOM. Amuna asanu ndi anayi onse omwe adakambirana nkhani zokhutira ndi thupi komanso zoyembekezera zomwe amakhulupirira zimasonyeza kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM imapanga maonekedwe awo enieni komanso / kapena anzawo omwe angakhale nawo.

Zithunzi Zolaula Pogwiritsa Ntchito Pakati pa Akazi Akazi: Maganizo a amuna ndi akazi, Kuwunika Thupi, ndi Kugonana (2018) - Ndemanga:

Azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti adalimbikitsa kwambiri kugwiriridwa, chiwerengero chokwanira cha kugonana, komanso kuyang'anitsitsa thupi.

Zambiri za Motivators ndi Socialodemographic Zochitika za Azimayi Akugwira Labiaplasty (2018)- Zolemba:

Theka la odwalawa adanena kuti iwo anali ndi lingaliro la chiberekero chachikazi (50.7%) ndipo adakhudzidwa kudzera mu media (47.9%). Ambiri mwa iwo (71.8%) adanena kuti analibe chibadwa chachibadwa ndipo ankaganiza kuti labiaplasty yoposa miyezi 6 yapitayi (88.7%). Kuonera zolaula m'mwezi watha kunali 19.7% ndipo kunkagwirizana kwambiri ndi chidziwitso chochepa chogonana ndi kudzidalira.

Maganizo a amuna omwe ali pachibwenzi ndi ocheperako kuti akhale ochepa komanso zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Macheza ndi matenda a matenda odwala matenda a matendawa mu chitsanzo cha amayi akuluakulu (2019) - Phunzirani za zolaula pa mkazi kapena mkazi wa wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu adasanthula mitundu iwiri yothandizana nawo yomwe imafotokozedwa kuti imalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo za azimayi a ED: zipsinjo zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa amuna amuna ndi akazi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Zithunzi zamakono komanso zam'mbuyomu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anzanu zinali zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a ED, kusintha kwa msinkhu komanso malipoti azimayi kuti asokonezeka ndi ntchitoyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zogawanika komanso zolaula zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za ED zonse mwachindunji komanso kudzera muzithunzi zabwino, pamene zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa zimagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi zizindikiro za ED.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi Zochitika Zachibwenzi Zachikazi Zogonana ndi Akazi (2019) - Zolemba:

Pakati pa anthu ogula akazi omwe ankagonana, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito maliseche kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezereka maganizo kwa zithunzi zolaula pa kukumbukira kugonana kwa zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu, kudalira kwambiri zolaula kuti akwaniritse ndi kusunga chiukitsiro, ndi zokonda zolaula kugwiritsira ntchito kugonana ndi mnzanu. Komanso, Kuwonetseratu zolaula pa nthawi yogonana, osati kungoyang'ana zolaula, kunayanjananso ndi maulendo apamwamba otetezeka pokhudzana ndi maonekedwe awo ndi kuchepetsa chisangalalo cha zochitika zapabanja monga kupsompsona kapena kupondereza panthawi yogonana ndi gawo limodzir.

Malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe pa anthu a Penis Kukula Maganizo ndi Zosankha Zowonjezera Penile Kuwonjezera: Phunziro Loyenerera (2019) - Zolemba:

Amuna ambiri sakukhutira ndi kukula kwa mbolo yawo ndipo akufuna njira zodzikongoletsera zokulitsa kukula kwa mbolo yawo. Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe chomwe chimakopa amuna kuti aganizire njirazi… .. Mafunso omwe adafunsidwa m'modzi ndi m'modzi adachitika ndi amuna achikulire asanu ndi mmodzi omwe kale anali ndi vuto la penile.

Mitu itatu yayikulu idatulukira pamafunsowa, omwe ndi "chidwi cha zolaula", "kuyerekezera ndi anzawo" komanso "kuseka kosawoneka molingana" Amunawo adazindikira kuti kukolola kwakukulu kwa amuna omwe amaonera zolaula kunasokoneza malingaliro awo a kukula kwa mbolo. Amuna onse anafanizira kukula kwa mbolo ndi anzawo, kawirikawiri m'chipinda chokonzera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamva kuti mbolo yawo ndi yaing'ono.

Zinthu Zofunika Kuposa Zonse: Umboni Wowona Kuti SEM Zochita Zogwiritsa Ntchito Genital ndi Body Estemem in Men (2019) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wakale wapeza kuti mafano omwe akuwonetsedwa muzofalitsa zowonjezera amakhala ndi chikoka chodzidalira, makamaka pakati pa akazi. Ndizosatheka kupeza ndi kufalitsa nkhani zolaula (SEM) zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa intaneti, zakhala zikuwonetsa kuti ogula a SEM angachititse kudzidalira pochita zofanana ndi zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku poyang'ana pa zithunzi zambiri zofalitsa.

Kudziwa kwathu, iyi ndi phunziro loyamba kuti liwonetsetse momwe zotsatira za SEM zimakhudzira kudzidzimvera kwa boma poyerekeza ndi malonda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito powagwiritsa ntchito pogonana. Poziyerekezera, amuna omwe amadziwika ndi SEM omwe amawerengetsa masewerawa amachepetsa kukhutira ndi maonekedwe a ma genitalia poyerekezera ndi omwe ankawona zithunzi zojambula kapena osakhala mafano konse.

Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa SEM kumakhudza kudzidalira kwa boma kwa ogula amuna, makamaka za kukula ndi mawonekedwe a ziwalo zawo zoberekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidziyerekeza. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu pamutuwu adakhazikitsidwa makamaka pakudzifotokozera; Njira zathu zimawonekera momveka bwino kwa ophunzira ku SEM pakusonkhanitsa deta.

Opanga Chigawo

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Palibe m'modzi mwa mamembala a Alliance omwe adalemba kafukufuku pa omwe amachita zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, tsamba la Alliance likuti likukhudzidwa ndi "zomwe zimachitika pakanema wakugonana" kwa owonera. Ndiye ndichifukwa chiyani Alliance idaponya gawo limodzi ndi maphunziro awiri omwe adasankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa omwe amafotokoza nkhani zabwino zokhudza ochita zachiwerewere? Yankho lake ndi lodziwikiratu: Mgwirizano umalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndikuthandizira zomwe makampani azolaula amachita (momwe zingafunikire). Ngati mukuganiza kuti tikukokomeza onani zomwe "akatswiri" alemba pa akaunti yawo yonse ya Twitter.

Maphunziro a Alliance:

Griffith, JD, Mitchell, S., Hart, CL, Adams, LT, & Gu, LL (2013). Zithunzi zolaula zojambula zojambulajambula: Kuwonetsa zowonongeka zogulitsa katundu. Journal of Research Research, 50 (7), 621-632. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Chitsanzo china cha mgwirizano wofuna Alliance. Kodi nchifukwa ninji Deniers 'Alliance idasiya maphunziro otsatirawa kwa omwe adachita makanema akulu?

Dubin, JM, Greer, AB, Valentine, C., O'Brien, IT, Leue, EP, Paz, L.,… & Ramasamy, R. (2019). Kuwonetsa Zisonyezero za Kugonana Kwachikazi Kwa Amuna Ambiri. Magazini yokhudza kugonana. Lumikizani ku intaneti

Analysis: Zopeza zimenezi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa ambiri amayembekezera kuti akazi omwe amaonera zolaula azikhala ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri la kugonana kusiyana ndi momwe anthu ambiri amachitira. Choyamba, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a shuga, matenda opatsirana, matenda ovutika maganizo, kupweteka kosalekeza, ndi zina zotero.) Komanso, nyenyezi zolaula zimakhala bwino , okongola, ochita masewera achiwerewere, ndipo kawirikawiri amawauza zoyamba za kugonana. Izi zinati, kuchepa kwa kugonana sikumagwirizana ndi ubwino wambiri.

Komabe, mawuwa ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kusankha kwa Deniers: Mgwirizanowu udasiya kuphunzira ndi gulu lofufuzira lomwelo. Izi zinanenedwa kuti ED amawonekedwe a amuna omwe ali opambana kwambiri kuposa anthu ambiri. The kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wa ojambula akuluakulu a mafilimu akuluakulu, lofalitsidwa mu 2018, linanena kuti 37% ya nyenyezi zolaula (zaka za 20-29) zinali ndi zovuta zolimbitsa thupi. (Kuphunzira kumeneku kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi IIEF, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa nthawi yogonana pakati, kugonana kwa urology kwa ntchito ya erectile.)

Nazi zitsanzo za akaunti ya Alliance ya Twitter yolimbikitsa kuphunzira kwa akazi (koma osati kuphunzira kwa amuna):

Apanso, kulimbikitsa phunziro kwa oimba akazi okha: