Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ndi "ScienceOfArousal.com")

Berger, JH, Kehoe, JE, Doan, AP, Crain, DS, Klam, WP, Marshall, MT, & Christman, MS (2019) . Kafukufuku wa Ntchito Yogonana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula. Mankhwala Ankhondo . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi madokotala ambiri a US Navy omwewo omwe anali pa ndemanga yotchulidwa kwambiri ya mabuku awa: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016) . Nchifukwa chiyani Alliance yasiya dala pepala loyambirirali (pambuyo pake, ndi ndemanga ya mabukuwa )? Inde, chifukwa imatsutsa kwathunthu mfundo zolankhulidwa ndi RealYBOP ndi zonena zosathandizidwa.

Pakafukufukuyu, ofufuza amayang'ana kulumikizana pakati pa ED ndi zikhalidwe za zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso "okhumba". Ngakhale kulibe kulumikizana koteroko (mwina chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito sawunika molondola momwe amakhumbira mpaka atayesa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito), kulumikizana kwina kosangalatsa kunawonekera pazotsatira zawo, zomwe Alliance idasiya (monga tikuyembekezera ). Zowonjezera zochepa:

McKee, A. (2005). Kutsutsa kwa akazi m'mavidiyo olaula ku Australia. Journal of Sex Research, 42(4), 277-290. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Izi zimasiyanitsa momveka bwino zomwe Winters et al anapeza pankhani ya chikhumbo chachikulu pakati pa kugonana ndi chiwerewere chosagwirizana [5]. Chinthu chimodzi chotheka chifukwa cha zovuta zopezekazo ndi zosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kugonana pakati pa maphunziro awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu phunziro lino, zotsatira zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wambiri. Komanso, Winters et al. amagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kwachangu [36], yomwe yaperekedwa kuti iwonetsetse kusiyana pakati pa kugonana ndi kuvomereza kugonana ndi kuyesera [4,37].

Creswell, JD, Pacilio, LE, Denson, TF, & Satyshur, M. (2013). Zotsatira za kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphotho yogonana pa mayankho a cortisol ku nkhawa yamaganizo mwa amuna. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(4), 397-403. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kukwera kwa mawu ambiri. Pepala ili silikugwirizana ndi "malamulo," kapena zotsatira za zolaula pa owonera. Komabe, linapeza zotsatira zosangalatsa ndipo linafotokozedwa molondola ndi Alliance. Mwachidule, kuonera zolaula kunachepetsa cortisol (kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo) komanso kunapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akhale abwino pa mayeso a masamu. Ngakhale sizikugwirizana ndi mutu wa gawo la Alliance (kapena lina lililonse), kuphatikizidwa kwake kuyenera kuyikidwa m'malo mwake.

Choyamba, olembawo amanena kuti kuonera zolaula ndi "mphoto yaikulu". Nicole Prause nthawi zonse amanena kuti kuonera zolaula si mphotho yayikulu, ndipo kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndi kofanana ndi kuonera ana agalu akusewera . N'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufukuyu akutsutsa zomwe Prause ananena.

Chachiwiri, maphunziro ena ambiri omwe anthu omwe adadziseweretsa maliseche akuonera zolaula adanenanso za zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri za mahomoni kuposa pepala losankhidwa ili. Zitsanzo zochepa chabe: study1 , study2 , study3 , study4 , study5.

Chachitatu, pamene zolaula zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale mayeso abwino pamasewero a masamu, maphunziro ena ambiri amafotokoza zotsatira zosamvetsetseka ndi zophunzira zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula (zonse zoyamba komanso zofunikira, nthawi yaitali):

Zomwe zapezekazi zikupereka chidziwitso cha njira yochepetsera kulowerera kwa amuna mu chiwerewere cha pa intaneti; kutanthauza, mwa kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa ndi zolimbikitsa kugonana komanso kulimbikitsa kusangalala mochedwa. Zotsatira zaposachedwa zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zolimbikitsa kugonana pa intaneti kungakhale kogwirizana kwambiri ndi khalidwe la amuna lochita zachiwerewere pa intaneti kuposa momwe ankaganizira kale.

2) Kugulitsa Mphoto Pambuyo Pake Kuti Musangalale Pakalipano: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kuchepetsa Kuchedwa (2015) - Pamene ophunzira adadya zithunzi zambiri, sankatha kuchedwa kukhutira. Kafukufuku wapaderayu adathandizanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kupitilizabe kunkagwirizana ndi kulephera kuchedwa kukhutira (dziwani kuti kuthekera kochedwa kukhutira ndi ntchito ya prefrontal cortex). Chidule cha kafukufuku woyamba (wazaka zapakati pa 20) zithunzi zolaula zomwe anthu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zimagwiritsa ntchito ndi zigoli zawo pantchito yochedwa kukhutira:

Pamene anthu omwe adaonera zolaula zambiri, amaona kuti mphotho zamtsogolo ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mphotho za nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kuti mphotho zamtsogolo zinali zofunika kwambiri……. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kupitiriza kuonera zolaula nthawi yomweyo kumakhudzana ndi kuchedwetsa kwakukulu pakapita nthawi.

3) Kuonera zithunzi zogonana kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha thupi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa njuga (2018) - Chidule:

Anthu ayenera kudziwa kuti kukonda kugonana kungachepetse chidwi chawo komanso mphamvu zawo zapadera kuwononga ndalama. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu ayenera kumvetsera mwatcheru kuwonongeka ndi kupindula kwa zosankha zachuma pamene akuukitsidwa.

4) Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kwa ophunzira kunyumba kukugwirizana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito masamu kusukulu? (2008) - Chidule:

Komanso, luso la ophunzira lozindikira zinthu linagwirizana bwino ndi momwe amapezera bwino masamu. Pomaliza, kuonera wailesi yakanema kunali ndi ubale woipa ndi momwe ophunzira amagwirira ntchito. Makamaka, kuonera mafilimu oopsa, ochita zinthu, kapena olaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigoli zochepa pa mayeso.

5) Kujambula zithunzi zolaula kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kukumbukira (2013) - Asayansi aku Germany apeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti zimatha kuchepetsa kukumbukira ntchito. Mu kuyesera uku kwa zithunzi zolaula, anthu 28 athanzi adachita ntchito zokumbukira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi 4 zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi mwa izo chinali zolaula. Ophunzirawo adavoteranso zithunzi zolaula ponena za chilakolako chogonana komanso chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche asanayambe, komanso atangomaliza, kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kukumbukira ntchito kunali koyipa kwambiri panthawi yowonera zolaula ndipo kuti chilakolako chachikulu chidawonjezera kuchepa. Chidule:

Zotsatira zake zimathandiza kuti anthu aziona kuti zizindikiro za chilakolako chogonana chifukwa cha kujambulidwa kwa zithunzi zolaula zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kukumbukira . Zomwe zapezeka zikukambidwa pankhani ya chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chifukwa kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira ntchito chifukwa cha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana kumadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

6) Kujambula Zithunzi Zogonana Kumasokoneza Kupanga Zisankho Mosamveka (2013) - Kafukufuku adapeza kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumasokoneza kupanga zisankho panthawi yoyeserera yokhazikika. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungakhudze magwiridwe antchito a oyang'anira, omwe ndi luso lamaganizo lomwe limathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga. Zidutswa:

Kuchita bwino popanga zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zogonana zinkagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma deki a makadi omwe anali ndi vuto poyerekeza ndi momwe zithunzi zogonana zinkagwirizanirana ndi ma deki opindulitsa. Kulakalaka kugonana mwachisawawa kunachepetsa ubale pakati pa momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndi momwe zinthu zikuyendera popanga zisankho. Kafukufukuyu anagogomezera kuti kukonda kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga zisankho, zomwe zingafotokoze chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito kugonana pa intaneti.

7) Kudzuka, kukumbukira bwino, komanso kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kugonana mwa amuna (2014) - Zidule:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuzanso ngati kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamakono (WMC) kumachepetsa chiyanjano pakati pa kuukitsidwa kwa thupi ndi kugonana. Amuna onse a 59 ankawona zithunzi za 20 komanso zachiyanjano za 20 zosagwirizana ndi kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha pamene ziwalo zawo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito khungu. Ophunzirawo adamaliza kukambirana za WMC ndi ntchito yofanana ndi yomwe anayenera kugwiririrapo yomwe anayenera kudziwa kuti amuna ambiri a ku Australia amatha bwanji kupititsa patsogolo kugonana pofuna kuthana ndi kukana kapena kumenyana ndi amayi.

Ophunzira omwe adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndikukhala nthawi yayitali akuwona zachiwerewere zomwe sizinagwirizane zomwe zidasankhidwa pambuyo pake poyimitsa mfundo zantchito yofananira ya kugwiriridwa. Mogwirizana ndi kulosera kwathu, ubale wapakati pakukweza thupi ndi malo oyimilira omwe anali osankhidwa anali olimba kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi magulu otsika a WMC. Kwa omwe ali ndi WMC yokwanira, kukondweretsedwa kwakuthupi sikunagwirizane ndi malo oyimilira osankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa magwiridwe antchito (komanso WMC makamaka) zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zisankho za abambo pankhani yokhudza zachiwerewere.

8) Kuwonetsedwa kwa Anyamata Oyambirira Achinyamata ku zolaula pa intaneti: Ubale ndi nthawi yopuma, kufunafuna zinthu zokopa chidwi, ndi kuchita bwino pamaphunziro (2015) - Kafukufuku wosowa kwambiri wa nthawi yayitali (kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) akusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumachepetsa kuchita bwino pamaphunziro. Chidule:

Komanso, kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula ku Intaneti kunachepetsa anyamata kuti azigwira ntchito patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

9) Kukakamira kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za kugonana pa intaneti mukakhala ndi nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (2015) - Anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chachikulu chofuna kugonana mopitirira muyeso sanachite bwino ntchito zoyang'anira (zomwe zili pansi pa prefrontal cortex). Zidule zingapo:

Tinafufuza ngati chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi kugonana chimakhudzana ndi mavuto omwe amachititsa kuthetsa chidziwitso pazochitika zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zithunzi zolaula. Tinagwiritsira ntchito paradigm yambirimbiri yomwe ophunzirawo anali ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zofanana pazandale komanso zolaula. Tapeza kuti ophunzira omwe adafotokoza zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa machitidwe ogonana ndi anthu ogonana ndi azimayi omwe adasokoneza chiwerewere, amalephera kwambiri.

10) Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ophunzira a Sukulu ya Sekondale, Ghana (2016) - Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu anavumbula kuti ophunzira ambiri amavomereza kuti amaonera zolaula kale. Komanso, ambiri adavomereza kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira asamaphunzire bwino ...

11) Kuchuluka ndi Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito, Chilakolako ndi Maganizo Oipa pa Zochitika Zovuta Zogonana Pa Intaneti (2019) - Zidule:

Mu chitsanzo cha ophunzira aku koleji aku China opitilira 1,000, tinayesa chitsanzo chomwe chilakolako cha zolaula chimagwira ntchito kudzera mu kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ma OSA kuti abweretse mavuto pakugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA, ndipo izi zingayambitse malingaliro oipa pamaphunziro . Chitsanzo chathu chidathandizidwa kwambiri.

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti chilakolako chachikulu cha zolaula, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA ambiri komanso pafupipafupi, komanso malingaliro oipa a maphunziro anali okhudzana ndi ma OSA ovuta. Zotsatira zake zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu zomwe zimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa chilakolako cha zolaula poyerekeza ndi njira zina zodzitetezera ku thanzi.

12) Kuzindikira Zolaula Kumakhudza Ophunzira a Maphunziro a Anthu ku University of Jos, Nigeria (2019) - Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi mafunso anayi ofufuza ndi malingaliro awiri, kapangidwe ka kafukufuku komwe kanagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kafukufukuyu kanali kafukufuku wa kafukufuku ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu chinali ophunzira onse a maphunziro azachikhalidwe ku yunivesite ya Jos omwe anali ndi chiwerengero chonse cha anthu 244 ndipo 180 adasankhidwa mwachisawawa ngati chitsanzo cha kafukufukuyu. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti, ophunzira ambiri omwe amachita zolaula sachita bwino m'maphunziro ndipo nthawi zambiri amachedwetsa ntchito zawo.

Nchifukwa chiyani Otsutsa adalepheretsa maphunzirowa pamwambapa?

Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, KG (2019). Kafukufuku Wolamulidwa Mwachisawawa wa Chithandizo cha Maganizo Choyendetsedwa ndi Gulu cha Matenda a Hypersexual mwa Amuna. Magazini ya mankhwala ogonana. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Nchifukwa chiyani kafukufukuyu ali mu gulu la "malamulo"? Sichikugwirizana ndi zomwe Prause ananena zokhudza "malamulo". M'malo mwake, anthu omwe adafunsidwa anali anthu ofuna chithandizo chamankhwala:

Anthu omwe anali okhudzidwa anali amayi achikulire komanso amuna omwe akudziwika kuti ali ndi vuto "khalidwe logonana," "khalidwe logonana," kapena "chizoloŵezi chogonana" omwe anali ndi chidwi chophunzira nawo zachipatala.

Kafukufukuyu akutsutsana ndi zomwe a Prause ananena pokhudzana ndi "malamulo," popeza omwe amaphunzirawo adakumana ndi zovuta kuwongolera machitidwe awo ogonana:

Kugonana kwa matendawa kumaphatikizapo kulephera kuthetsa malingaliro opatsirana pogonana, malingaliro, ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi matenda ovutika maganizo ndi mayendedwe komanso atsimikiziridwa ndi anthu odwala.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu? Cognitive Behaeveal Therapy (CBT) idapangitsa kuchepa kwamakhalidwe ogonana (kulephera kuwongolera machitidwe osafunikira ogonana):

Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Maubwenzi a mitsempha a kudziletsa kozindikira kwa malingaliro. The Journal of neuroscience. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kukwera kwa mawu ambiri. Nchifukwa chiyani kafukufukuyu ali mu gulu la "malamulo" (kapena gulu lina lililonse)? Silitchula munthu aliyense ngati wokonda zolaula kapena mutu wa CSB. Silikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zolaula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chilichonse, kuphatikiza "malamulo". Komabe, limatsutsa zomwe Prause amanena mobwerezabwereza kuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndi kofanana ndi kuonera ana agalu akusewera.

Regnerus, M., Gordon, D., & Price, J. (2016). Kulemba za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolaula ku America: Kusanthula koyerekeza kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(7), 873-881 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: RealYBOP ikufotokoza molondola mfundo imodzi ya pepalalo: " Deta yofufuza ya 2014 ikuwonetsa kuti 46% ya amuna ndi 16% ya akazi azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 39 adaonera zolaula mwadala sabata imodzi. Manambalawa ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira kale pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso osiyanasiyana. " Zodabwitsa: ngakhale izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe YBOP yakhala ikunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwakwera chifukwa cha intaneti, zikutsutsa zomwe Deniers David Ley, Nicole Prause, ndi Peter Finn, omwe adanena mu Ley et al ., 2014 kuti kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunakwere kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, (Izi ziyenera kuti zidatsika ndi ofufuza a Alliance.)

Chikondi ndi Chibwenzi Chaputala

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Choyamba, Alliance inasiya zonse koma ziwiri Phunziro la 75 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana. Chachiwiri, Alliance inanyenga wowerenga pa maphunzirowa a 2 (omwe amapezeka mu gulu ili) osauka chikhutiro cha ubale kapena kusakhulupirika kwambiri: Maddox, et al., 2011 ndi Miller et al., 2019. Chachitatu, 4 ya maphunzirowo inalembedwa ndi mamembala a Alliance ndipo palibe mwa iwo omwe akuwonekera. Chachinayi, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, Alliance inalephera kunena kuti maphunziro onse okhudza amuna adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana osauka zokhuza kugonana kapena chiyanjano (za maphunziro a 65). Pomaliza, Mgwirizanowu sunaperekenso ndemanga pa zolembedwazo kapena meta-analytics kuti zithandizire pazanema zawo kuti "Palibe zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolaula mu maubwenzi. "

Monga momwe tikudziwira, kusanthula meta -wiri ndi kuwunika kumodzi kwasindikizidwa, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zomwe a Deniers akuti. Mgwirizanowu udasiya zonse 3:

1) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kukhutira: Kusanthula Kwambiri (2017) - Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa maphunziro ena osiyanasiyana omwe akuwunika kukhutira kwa kugonana ndi ubale kunanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kunkagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kukhutira kwa kugonana ndi ubale (kukhutira pakati pa anthu). Chidule:

Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutira payekha pakati pa zofukufuku, magawo a kafukufuku wa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuyesera. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhutira zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo sizinayendetsedwe ndi chaka chawo chomasulidwa kapena zolemba zawo. Koma zowonongeka ndi kugonana zinatsutsa zotsatira zofunikira kwa amuna okha.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina sananene kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa akazi sikukhudza kukhutitsidwa kwa akazi pankhani yogonana komanso ubale, ambiri amanena kuti zotsatira zake ndi zoipa . Pofufuza kafukufukuyu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi ochepa okha ndi omwe amaonera zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zonse . Deta yayikulu, yoyimira dziko lonse lapansi ndi yochepa, koma General Social Survey inanena kuti akazi 2.6% okha ndi omwe adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Funsoli linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Pornography and Marriage , 2014).

2) Malingaliro a akazi pa momwe amuna awo amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi: kutengera chitsanzo cha chiphunzitso (2017) - Zidule:

Kafukufuku wa mapepalawa omwe amachitidwa mpaka lero akuwathandiza kuganiza kuti amayi ambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maganizo awo akuti wokondedwa wawo ndi wonyansa. Kufufuza kwakukulu kuphatikizapo maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kuzindikira ogonana monga ogula zithunzi zolaula zinkakhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana kosayenera, kugonana, ndi thupi. Chiyanjano cha kukhutira nokha sichinali choipa. Zotsatirazo zanenanso kuti kukhutira kwa amayi kumachepetsedwa mwa makalata ndi lingaliro loti abwenzi awo akuwononga zolaula kawirikawiri.

Kuzindikira kuti amuna omwe amagonana nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana komanso kugonana.

Pomalizira, kuthekera kwa bukhu losindikizidwa kunayambanso kufufuza. Zowonongeka, zotsatira sizinawononge kuti zokopa zofalitsa ndizofunika kwambiri m'mabuku awa.

3) Zidule kuchokera mu ndemanga ya 2018 ya mabuku ( Zolaula, Zosangalatsa, ndi Kugonana: Kutengera Chitsanzo Cholimbikitsana cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Pa Intaneti Mogwirizana ndi Kugonana) , kufotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula pa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana:

Mosiyana ndi madera ambiri omwe adakambidwa kale omwe akugwirizana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula (IPU) ndi zolimbikitsa, momwe kafukufuku akupitirirabe, ubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana kwawerengedwa mozama, ndi zolemba zambiri zokhudzana ndi mutuwo. M'malo mofufuza mwatsatanetsatane mndandanda wa kafukufuku wa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana, zomwe zafukufukuzi zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1.

Mwambiri, monga zikuwonedwera Gulu 1, maubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana ndizovuta, koma zogwirizana ndi lingaliro loti IP ingalimbikitse zolimbikitsa zogonana, makamaka momwe ntchito ikuwonjezera. Pakati pa okwatirana, ndizochepa kuthandizira lingaliro loti IPU itha kulimbikitsa kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma pokhapokha ikaphatikizidwa muzochita zogonana. Payekha, pali umboni wosatsutsika wakuti IPU imaneneratu zakukhutira kwakugonana mwa amuna, ndimagawo azigawo zazitali komanso zazitali zomwe zikulozera mabungwe azomwe amagwiritsa ntchito osakwanira kukhutira ndi amuna. Ponena za akazi, umboni wobalalika umanena kuti IPU itha kukulitsa kukhutira ndi kugonana, isakhale ndi tanthauzo pakukhutira, kapena kuchepetsa kukhutira pakapita nthawi.

Ngakhale izi zapezedwa mosiyanasiyana, kutha kwa zotsatira zosafunikira za IPU pakukhutitsidwa kwakugonana mwa azimayi ndizofala kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zatsimikizidwanso ndikuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma meta (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Kuwunikiranso maphunziro a 50 okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zotsatira zakukhutira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo, kukhutitsidwa ndimunthu, kukhutira ndi ubale, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana), kuwunika kwa meta kumeneku kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (osati intaneti) kunali kogwirizana nthawi zonse komanso kuneneratu zakukhutira pakati pa anthu zosintha, kuphatikizapo kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma kwa amuna okha. Palibe zofunikira zomwe zidapezeka kwa azimayi. Pamodzi, zotsatirazi zosakanikirana zimalepheretsa mfundo zomveka bwino pantchito ya IP pakukhutiritsa chisangalalo cha amayi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pazofufuza zaposachedwa pakuwunika IPU ndikukhutitsidwa ndi zakugonana ndikuti zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukhutira, kotero kuti kukhutira kumachepa kwambiri popeza IPU imafala kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Dzuwa, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Tsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1. Popeza umboni wowoneka bwino pamitundu ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zikuwoneka zomveka kuvomereza lingaliro lakuti pamene IPU imakwera kupitilira kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutira ndi kugonana kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale maphunziro awa (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) anali osiyana magawo, atapatsidwa kuchuluka kwamaphunziro azitali (mwachitsanzo, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) yolumikiza IPU kuti ichepetse kugonana Kukhutira, ndizomveka kunena kuti mayanjanowa ndi achilengedwe. Pamene IPU ikuwonjezeka, kukhutira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawoneka kuchepa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe alipo pano akuti IPU imalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro azakugonana kwambiri.

Ndemanga yomwe ili pamwambapa ikunena kuti zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa kugonana ndi kukhutira kwa akazi ndi zosakanikirana. Zoona zake n'zakuti, pali maphunziro ambiri omwe amafotokoza zotsatira zoyipa: mndandanda wa maphunziro opitilira 30, ndi zidutswa.

Pofika pachowonadi chokhudza mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance a Alliance:

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Balzarini, RN, Dobson, K., Chin, K., & Campbell, L. (2017) . Kodi kuonera zolaula kumachepetsa kukopa ndi chikondi kwa amuna? Kubwerezabwereza kwa kafukufuku wa Kenrick, Gutierres, ndi Goldberg (1989) 2. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 191-197. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi mamembala a membala wa Alliance a William Fisher . Kafukufuku wa 2017 uyu anayesa kubwereza kafukufuku wa 1989 womwe unawonetsa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pachibwenzi chodzipereka ku zithunzi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi osiyana. Kafukufuku wa 1989 adapeza kuti amuna omwe adawonetsedwa zithunzi zapakati pa Playboy amaliseche adawona akazi awo ngati osakongola kwenikweni ndipo adanenanso kuti chikondi chawo sichichepa. Popeza 2017 idalephera kubwereza zomwe zidapezeka mu 1989, mamembala a Fisher akutiuza kuti kafukufuku wa 1989 adalakwitsa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungachepetse chikondi kapena chilakolako. Eya! Osati mwachangu kwambiri.

Kubwereza "kunalephereka" chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chakhala chimawonetsa "zolaula" panthawiyi. Ofufuza a 2017 sanafunse ophunzira a koleji a 1989 omwe anakulira akuyang'ana MTV sukulu. M'malo mwake omvera awo anakulira pa PornHub chifukwa cha zigawenga komanso mavidiyo.

Mu 1989, ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji omwe adawonera kanema wojambulidwa ndi X? Osati ambiri. Ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji a 1989 omwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse yodziseweretsa maliseche, kuyambira paunyamata, kudziseweretsa maliseche mpaka ma clip angapo olimba pa nthawi imodzi? Palibe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za 2017 n'chodziwikiratu: kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwa chithunzi chosasunthika cha Playboy pakati ndi kudabwa kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe amuna aku koleji mu 2017 akhala akuonera kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale olembawo adavomereza kusiyana kwa mibadwo ndi chenjezo lawo loyamba:

1) Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti phunziro lapachiyambi linasindikizidwa mu 1989. Panthawiyo, kufotokozera zachiwerewere sikungakhalepo, koma lero, kufanana ndi zithunzi zopanda phokoso kuli kofala kwambiri, ndipo kotero kuti kuwonetsedwa pakati pa malo osasangalatsa sikungakhale kokwanira kuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kunayambika poyamba. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za maphunziro omwe akupezeka pano akusiyana ndi phunziro lapachiyambi chifukwa chosiyana, kufikako, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa ndi zochitikazo tsopano.

Ngakhale Denier David Ley, nthawi zina ankalemba nkhani mopanda tsankho, anakakamizika kunena momveka bwino kuti:

Mwina chikhalidwe, amuna, ndi kugonana kwasintha kwambiri kuyambira mu 1989. Amuna ochepa achikulire masiku ano sanawonere zolaula kapena akazi amaliseche—maliseche ndi zithunzi zogonana ndizofala m'manyuzipepala otchuka, kuyambira pa Game of Thrones mpaka kutsatsa mafuta onunkhira, ndipo m'maiko ambiri, akazi amaloledwa kuvala zovala zoyera. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti amuna mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa aphunzira kuphatikiza maliseche ndi kugonana komwe amawona mu zolaula ndi makanema atsiku ndi tsiku mwanjira yomwe siikhudza kukopa kwawo kapena chikondi chawo kwa okondedwa awo. Mwina amuna mu kafukufuku wa 1989 anali osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana, maliseche, ndi zolaula.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesera kumeneku sikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sikunakhudze kukopa kwa amuna kwa okondedwa awo. Kumangotanthauza kuti kuyang'ana "malo ozungulira" sikukhudza nthawi yomweyo masiku ano. Amuna ambiri amanena kuti kukopana kwa amuna awo kwawonjezeka kwambiri atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti . Ndipo, ndithudi, palinso umboni wautali womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa womwe ukuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kuonera zolaula pa maubwenzi.

Kuyesera komwe anyamata azaka zaku koleji amaonera zithunzi zapakati pa Playboy (monga momwe olemba adafotokozera ) sikungakuuzeni chilichonse chokhudza zotsatira za mnzanu wodziseweretsa maliseche ndi makanema olimba tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka zambiri. Kafukufuku wokhawo waubwenzi womwe "ungawonetse ngati kuonera zolaula kumayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa zaubwenzi" ndi maphunziro a nthawi yayitali omwe amawongolera zosintha kapena maphunziro omwe anthu amapewa zolaula. Mpaka pano maphunziro asanu ndi awiri a ubale wautali afalitsidwa omwe akuwonetsa zotsatira zenizeni za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse. Onse adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zaubwenzi/zogonana:

1. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009).
2. Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012).
3. Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015).
4. Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016).
5. Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016).
6. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017).
7. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017).

Zindikirani - a Deniers sapereka maphunziro a kutalika kwa zolaula za achikulire komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana kapena ubale.

Kohut, T., Balzarini, RN, Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2018). Kugwirizana kwa zithunzi zolaula ndi kulankhulana momasuka pankhani yogonana komanso kuyandikana kwa ubale kumasiyana chifukwa cha machitidwe achiwerewere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muubwenzi wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(4), 655-676. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi mamembala a Alliance Taylor Kohut ndi William Fisher , ndi gulu lonse la zigawenga ku The University of Western Ontario. Zomwe zapezeka: maanja omwe amaonera zolaula limodzi adakumana ndi kutseguka kwakukulu pakulankhulana zogonana kuposa maanja pomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula yekha, kapena mnzawo m'modzi amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula yekha ndipo winayo sagwiritsa ntchito. Pamwamba pake zitha kuwerengedwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamodzi kungakhale bwino. Koma monga momwe Alliance imanenera mwachangu, "kugwirizana sikutanthauza chifukwa."

Anthu ambiri amaonera zolaula okha. Okwatirana omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zonse amaimira gawo laling'ono la anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wodziwika bwino mdziko lonse (GSS) inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi onse aku US adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha (funsoli linafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004). Kodi chiwerengero cha okwatirana omwe amagawana zolaula nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji? Apanso, tili ndi mitu yankhani ndi ziganizo zochokera ku (mwina) peresenti yochepa ya anthu onse (anzeru kwambiri).

Maas, MK, Vasilenko, SA, & Willoughby, BJ (2018). Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale pakati pa okwatirana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: Udindo wa kuvomereza zolaula komanso kukondana kwambiri. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(6), 772-782 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance chinali cholondola, malinga ndi momwe chimakhalira. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kugwirizana kwakukulu kunavumbula kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kunali kogwirizana ndi kusakhutira pang'ono kwa ubale kwa amuna ndi akazi (makamaka kwa amuna, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula):

Kohut, T., Fisher, WA, & Campbell, L. (2017). Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka chifukwa cha zolaula paubwenzi wa awiriwa: Zofufuza zoyambirira za kafukufuku wotseguka, wodziwa bwino za ophunzira, "kuchokera pansi kupita mmwamba". Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(2), 585-602 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kufufuza: Wolemba mamembala a Alliance a Taylor Kohut & William Fisher. Kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino, wopanda kulumikizana, ndichitsanzo china cha matsenga a Kohut opanga mapangidwe omwe adapeza mitu yomwe akufuna. Kodi cholinga cha phunziroli ndi (kuyesa) kutsutsa pa maphunziro a 75 omwe amasonyeza ntchito zolaula ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa maubwenzi? Njira ziwiri zoyambirira za phunziroli ndi izi:

1) Kafukufukuyu sanaphatikizepo chitsanzo choyimira. Pomwe kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti akazi ochepa omwe ali pachibwenzi cha nthawi yayitali amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu kafukufukuyu 95% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha. Ndipo 83% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi (nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri). Ziwerengero zimenezo ndi zapamwamba kuposa amuna azaka zaku koleji! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asintha chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Zoona zake n'zakuti? Deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri woimira dziko lonse ku US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi okwatira adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Deta yochokera ku 2000 - 2004 (kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati , 2014 ).

2) Kafukufukuyu sanagwirizanitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusintha kulikonse koyesa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kapena ubale. M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso "otseguka" pomwe nkhaniyi ingathe kukamba za zolaula (zinali zolondola osati zochulukirapo). Kenako, ofufuzawo adawerenga zomwe zidanenedwazo ndipo, pambuyo pake, adaganiza kuti ndi mayankho ati omwe anali "ofunikira," komanso momwe angawafotokozere (kuzungulira?) mu pepala lawo. Onani "Kafukufuku wa Zolaula: Zoona Kapena Zongopeka? " kanema wowonetsa zomwe zimavumbula chowonadi cha maphunziro 5 omwe ofalitsa nkhani amatchula kuti athandizire zomwe akunena kuti chizolowezi cholaula sichilipo kapena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikopindulitsa kwambiri (chimodzi ndi kafukufuku wa Kohut).

Ngakhale kuti panali zolakwika zoopsazi komanso ngakhale kuti ena mwa anthu omwe adawafunsawo adawonetsa zotsatirapo zoipa, ofufuzawo adati zotsatira za zolaula zinali zabwino kwambiri. Zoona zake n'zakuti, mavesi ochokera mu kafukufuku wa Kohut akuwonetsa maanja ambiri omwe akufotokoza zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Zikuoneka kuti labu ya William Fisher imafalitsa maphunziro okayikitsa kapena opangidwa mosamala pofuna kusokoneza anthu ndi atolankhani kuti akhulupirire kuti pali umboni wofanana wotsutsa kuchuluka kwa maphunziro ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana komanso ubale. Mawu oti mtundu uwu wa zolakwika mwadala ndi "agnotology": kupanga mwadala zolakwika zosokeretsa kuti anthu azizigwiritsa ntchito. Tikupereka lingaliro la nkhani ya Linda Hatch ya PsychCentral yofufuza za agnotology m'munda wa sexology: " 'Mkangano' wa Bogus Sex Addiction ndi Ogulitsa Umbuli. "

Staley, C., & Prause, N. (2013). Kuonera zolaula kumakhudza maubwenzi apamtima ndi kudziyesa nokha/mnzanu. Zolemba zakale za khalidwe logonana, 42(4), 615-624 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti.

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause . Kuonera zolaula, kukhala ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, kenako n’kuyamba kulakalaka kusiya, si chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. "Kupeza kwa labotale" kumeneku komwe kwachitika ndi labotale yomwe sinathe kutiuza chilichonse chokhudza zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa maubwenzi (kachiwiri, maphunziro opitilira 75 - ndi kafukufuku aliyense wokhudza amuna - akugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana ndi ubale ). Kuyesera kumeneku kuli ngati kuwunika zotsatira za mowa pofunsa makasitomala a m'bala ngati akumva bwino atatha kumwa mowa woyamba. Kodi kuwunika kamodzi kumeneku kumatiuza chilichonse chokhudza momwe akumvera m'mawa wotsatira kapena zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za kumwa mowa nthawi yayitali? N'zosadabwitsa kuti Alliance sinapeze zina zonse za Prause:

" Kuonera mafilimu olaula kunapangitsanso kuti anthu ambiri amve chisoni, amve chisoni, komanso adandaule kwambiri ."

Kusokoneza kumatanthauza kusokonezeka maganizo. Kugwirizana kukuwonekera.

Maddox, AM, Rhoades, GK, & Markman, HJ (2011). Kuonera zinthu zogonana nokha kapena pamodzi: Kugwirizana ndi khalidwe la ubale. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(2), 441-448. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Monga momwe zilili ndi maphunziro ena omwe alembedwa, Alliance yasiya zomwe zapezeka zosasangalatsa. Chidule chawo sichinaulule kuti anthu omwe sanawonepo zolaula (SEM) adanenanso kuti (1) " ubale wabwino kwambiri pa zizindikiro zonse kuposa omwe adawona SEM yokha, " ndi (2) " chiŵerengero chotsika cha kusakhulupirika. " Chidule:

"Kafukufukuyu adafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kuonera zinthu zogonana (SEM) ndi ubale womwe ukugwira ntchito mwachisawawa mwa anthu 1291 osakwatirana omwe ali muubwenzi wachikondi .... Anthu omwe sanawonepo SEM adanena kuti ubale wawo unali wabwino kwambiri pa zizindikiro zonse kuposa omwe adawona SEM okha . Omwe adawona SEM yokha ndi anzawo adanenanso kuti adadzipereka kwambiri komanso anali okhutira kwambiri ndi kugonana kuposa omwe adawona SEM yokha. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa omwe sanawonepo SEM ndi omwe adawonapo ndi anzawo okha ndikuti omwe sanawonepo anali ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha kusakhulupirika."

Popeza anthu ambiri amaonera zolaula okha, izi zikutanthauza maanja ambiri. Ngakhale kafukufukuyu adati maanja omwe " amaonera SEM ndi anzawo okha adanenanso kuti adzipereka kwambiri komanso amakhutira kwambiri ndi kugonana ", gululi likuyimira kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Izi zikuthandizidwa ndi deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu woimira dziko lonse (GSS) yomwe idanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi onse aku US adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Funsoli lidafunsidwa mu 2002 ndi 2004 (onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati , 2014) . Maddox et al., 2011 yaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa maphunziro opitilira 70 a YBOP omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana komanso ubale.

Zithunzi za Gawo la Hypersexuality

Nkhani/Zoona : Zikuoneka kuti mamembala onse a Alliance amatsutsa njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (okana angapo amatsutsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amatsutsa kafukufukuyu , amatsutsa ofufuza za chizolowezi , amanyoza omwe amanena kuti chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula chilipo , amazunza amuna omwe akuchira ). N'zodziwikiratu kuti mapepala ochepa a Alliance omwe sali ofunikira kwenikweni adapangidwa kuti anyenge omvera awo wamba komanso atolankhani osadziwa zambiri. Zimene amapereka n'zochepa poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa wochirikiza kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Choyamba, ndi " Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder" ndipo ili mu ICD-11 yatsopano ya WHO. Kufotokozera kolondola kwambiri kwa "Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder" (CSBD) kwalowa m'malo mwa "Hypersexuality" m'mabuku. Matenda a Hypersexuality ndi Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu ofunikira pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogonana omwe amadziwikanso kuti "kugonana," "chizolowezi cha zolaula," "chizolowezi cha cybersex," ndi zina zotero. Mogwirizana ndi mawu atsopanowa, buku lothandizira matenda padziko lonse lapansi, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), lili ndi matenda atsopano oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ."

Mwa kuzindikira zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi kupanga njira yodziwira zizolowezi zogonana mokakamiza , Bungwe la World Health Organization likugwirizana ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Mu Ogasiti, 2011 akatswiri apamwamba aku America a ASAM adatulutsa tanthauzo lawo latsopano la chizolowezi.

Chachiwiri, a Alliance anasiya mapepala onse othandiza mtundu wa mankhwala ozunguza bongo:

•  The Alliance anasiya zonse Maphunziro a 54 okhudza ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi maphunziro a CSB, kupatulapo Prause et al., 2015 (ndipo samauza alendo awo za Mapepala ofotokozedwa a 10 omwe amanena kuti mapemphero a EEG a Prause amathandizadi kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
•  The Alliance anasiya zonse Ndemanga za 29 zaposachedwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience & ndemanga, lolembedwa ndi akatswiri ena apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Mapepala onse a 29 amathandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• The Alliance anasiya zonse koma ziwiri za mapepala mndandanda wa pa zofufuza za 45 zofufuza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo). Maphunziro awiriwa ndi Deniers Nicole Prause ndi Aleksandro Štulhofer, omwe malemba awo olembedwa mosamala amasocheretsa wowerenga: phunzirani 1 (Prause et al., 2015 - kachiwiri); kuphunzira 2 ndi Štulhofer.

Bungwe la Alliance silinapeze maphunziro ena ambiri, ndemanga, ndi ndemanga zokhudzana ndi kugonana mopitirira muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, kusaka kwa Google Scholar kwa "kugonana mopitirira muyeso" kunabweretsa mawu 23,000 . Ngakhale kuti mawu ambiri a m'nkhaniyi akunena za kugonana mopitirira muyeso komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuvulala kwa ubongo, ambiri ndi ofunika kwambiri pa gawoli - ndipo sanapezeke mwadala.

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Krüger, TH, Schiffer, B., Eikermann, M., Haake, P., Gizewski, E., & Schedlowski, M. (2006). Kuyeza kwa mitsempha ya ubongo (serial neurochemical muyeso wa cerebrospinal fluid) panthawi yogonana kwa munthu. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24(12), 3445-3452 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kodi kafukufukuyu akuchita chiyani pano? Sichichirikiza kapena kutsutsa chitsanzo cha chizolowezi. Kodi chatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti Nicole Prause ndi David Ley amakana nthawi zonse udindo waukulu wa dopamine pakulimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana? Mwachitsanzo, Prause nthawi zonse amanena kuti kuonera ana agalu akusewera ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kuseweretsa maliseche . Ngakhale kuti ndi nkhani yopusa mwasayansi , mfundo yolankhuliranayi nthawi zambiri imabwerezedwa ndi otsatira, atolankhani ndi mamembala ena a Alliance. Mwina Alliance iyenera kufunsa mnzake Jim Pfaus, yemwe wafalitsa kwambiri za udindo wa dopamine pakugonana. Mwina ayenera kufufuza katswiri wa Google wa "kulimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana +dopamine" komwe kumabwezera mawu 48,000. Nkhani yotsatirayi ndi yankho ku mfundo yolankhulirana yosathandizidwa ya Prause: Kukonza Kusamvetsetsana Pankhani ya Sayansi ya Ubongo ndi Makhalidwe Ovuta Ogonana (2017) lolembedwa ndi Don Hilton, MD.

Byers, LJ, Menzies, KS, & O'Grady, WL (2004). Zotsatira za kusintha kwa makompyuta pa kuonera ndi kutumiza zinthu zogonana pa intaneti: kuyesa "Triple-A Engine" ya Cooper. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 13(3/4), 157. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Carvalho, J., Štulhofer, A., Vieira, AL, & Jurin, T. (2015) . Kugonana kwambiri ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana: Kufufuza kapangidwe ka vuto la kugonana. The journal of sexual medicine, 12(6), 1356-1367. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi membala wa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer . Monga momwe chidule cha a Deniers chinanenera, “ Kafukufuku wathu akuchirikiza kusiyana kwa kugonana kosayenera komanso chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana. ” Chidule:

Ponseponse, zomwe zapezekazi zikuthandizira mkangano wokhudza kugonana mopitirira muyeso m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana komanso kuchita zogonana pafupipafupi sizinagwirizane kwambiri ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zake zimatsimikizira kusiyana pakati pa chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi khalidwe lovuta la kugonana.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kafukufuku wa Štulhofer , pamodzi ndi maphunziro 25 awa, akutsutsa mfundo yomwe imanenedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti anthu okonda kugonana ndi zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana."

Winters, J., Christoff, K., & Gorzalka, BB (2010). Kugonana kosayenera komanso chilakolako chachikulu chogonana: Kodi pali zinthu zosiyana?. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1029-1043. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Jason Winters . Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wa Štulhofer wakale, kafukufukuyu adati " Amuna ndi akazi omwe adanena kuti adafuna chithandizo adapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa miyeso ya kugonana kosakhazikika komanso chilakolako chogonana. " Monga momwe kafukufuku wa Štulhofer adafotokozera, kafukufuku wa Winters anali ndi zolakwika zazikulu chifukwa adagwiritsa ntchito Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS)

Izi zikusiyanitsa bwino zomwe Winters et al. adaganiza zokhudza kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi kugonana kosayenera [5]. Kufotokozera kwina komwe kungachitike pa zomwe zapezekazi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kugonana kwambiri m'maphunziro awiriwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufukuyu, zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana zidayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, Winters et al. adagwiritsa ntchito Sexual Compulsivity Scale [36], yomwe yanenedwa kuti siisiyanitsa bwino pakati pa chilakolako chogonana ndi kutseguka ku zokumana nazo zogonana ndi kuyesera [4,37].

Kupatula mfundo yakuti maphunziro ena 25 amatsutsa zomwe zimanenedwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana," ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa kuti "chilakolako chachikulu chogonana" chimagwirizana ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Kusaganiza bwino kwake kumaonekera bwino ngati munthu aganizira zongoganizira zochokera ku zizolowezi zina. (Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani– Chilakolako chachikulu, kapena 'kungokhala' chizolowezi? Yankho la Steele et al. , lolembedwa ndi Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD .)

Mwachitsanzo, kodi lingaliro limeneli limatanthauza kuti kukhala ochepa kwambiri, osakhoza kulamulira kudya, komanso kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri ndi izi, ndi "chilakolako chofuna kudya?" Kuwonjezera apo, wina ayenera kuganiza kuti oledzera amakhala ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa mowa, kulondola? Mwachidule, onse oledzera ali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu" kapena zolakalaka za mankhwala awo ozunguza bongo ndi ntchito (zomwe zimatchedwanso "kukulimbikitsani"), ngakhale pamene kusangalala kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha kulekerera kapena kuzoloŵera.

Kuledzera kumapangitsa kuti munthu asanyalanyaze zilakolako zomwe zimawoneka ngati "malingaliro azakugonana, malingaliro, ndi zosowa." Mwachitsanzo, zikhalidwe, monga kutsegula kompyuta, kuwona zomwe zachitika, kapena kukhala nokha, zimayambitsa zilakolako zolaula. Ena amafotokoza zolaula zomwe zimalimbikitsa "kulowa mumtsinje womwe umatha kuthawa kamodzi: zolaula." Pakadali pano pali maphunziro a 27 olimbikitsa kulimbikitsa (chidwi-reactivity, zikhumbo zogwiritsa ntchito) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Ndizolakalaka kuganiza kuti "chilakolako chogonana" chimachotsa kuledzera. Ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi maphunziro osakwanira oledzeretsa amene angatenge chitsimikizo chotere.

Oeming, M. (2018). Kodi pali matenda atsopano okhudza mantha akale? Kuyambitsa matenda a zolaula mu nkhani zamakono zaku US. Porn Studies, 5(2), 213-216 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi membala wa Alliance, komanso wophunzira wa digiri ya digiri, Madita Oeming . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa. Si kafukufuku ndipo sapereka chidziwitso chilichonse pa "mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugonana kwachiwerewere," yomwe ndi gawo lomwe laikidwa. M'malo mwake, ndi nkhani ina yochokera ku Porn Studies Journal yomwe sinatchulidwe bwino . Munkhani yaposachedwa ya VICE ya Madita Oeming yomwe ikudzudzula chipembedzo ndi atolankhani chifukwa cha chizolowezi choonera zolaula, akuvomereza kuti sakudziwa chilichonse chokhudza chizolowezi, kapena neuroscience, kapena maphunziro a mitsempha pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kapena maphunziro amisala pa zolaula, ndi zina zotero:

Sindine katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo, kotero ndilibe luso loweruza ngati zolaula zilidi zosokoneza thupi. Koma choyamba, zidzakambidwa pakati pa omwe ali ndi luso limeneli. Ngakhale kuti bungwe la WHO tsopano lasankha "kuchita zinthu zogonana mopitirira muyeso", kuphatikizapo "kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso" , kuyambira 2022 kuti ziphatikizidwe mu mndandanda wawo wofufuza matenda. Ndipo chachiwiri, ndikukumana ndi chinthu chosiyana kwambiri. Monga katswiri wa zachikhalidwe, womasulira ndakatulo, ndimamvetsa zolaula makamaka ngati nkhani.

Wophunzira ndakatulo?

Chidule cha Alliance sichabwino kwenikweni, ndipo chimamveka ngati chalembedwa ndi MindGeek:

Pakati pa magulu achipembedzo, owonetsetsa, komanso odana ndi zolaula, ndalama zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zakhala zikuthandiza kwambiri ndipo zimapindula kwambiri ndi nkhani yolaula. [Umboni?] Palimodzi iwo amapanga malo olimbikitsa ambiri m'dziko lonse lapansi omwe sazengereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yofunikira kuti athetsere kufufuza kosagwirizana (Prause ndi Fong 2015, 439).

Lankhulani za spin. Oeming amatanthauza magulu obalalika a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana ngati 'makina akuluakulu azachipatala, ”pomwe amanyalanyaza ponseponse, makampani opanga zolaula mabiliyoni ambiri, omwe akutsutsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ngakhale atakhala ndi umboni wowunikiridwa ndi anzawo. Oeming amatchulanso Pembedzero, akunena kuti "malo olandirira alendo "wa amagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yothetsera kafukufuku yemwe angakhale wotsutsana.

M'malo mwake, ndi Prause yemwe wagwiritsa ntchito "njira zilizonse zofunika" kuzunza ndi kunyoza aliyense amene anganene kuti zolaula zitha kuyambitsa mavuto. Ndi Prause yemwe wagwira ntchito mobisa kuyesera (mopanda chilungamo) kuti kafukufuku atsekedwe, oyankhula asiyitsidwe, ndi maphunziro omwe akukanidwa kuti asafalitsidwe ndi / kapena kubwezeredwa. Zambiri zosavomerezeka za Prause komanso nthawi zina zosaloledwa zalembedwa pamasamba otsatirawa:

• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 2)
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 3)
• Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (Tsamba 4)
• Ozunzidwa ndi Lipoti Lankhanza la Nicole Prause ndi Njira Zoyipa Zoyipa.
• Nicole Prause & David Ley akunena zabodza kuti Gary Wilson adachotsedwa ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Oregon University
• Zopempherera kuti zikhale ndi mapepala owonetsera za Sayansi ya Chikhalidwe (Park et al., 2016) adabwezeretsedwa
• Nkhani ya University of Wisconsin yophunzitsa aphunzitsi (Racquet) yomwe imalengeza apolisi onyenga ndi Nicole Prause (March, 2019)
• Chidindo Chachidakwa Choletsedwa Chogonjetsedwa ndi Amuna Osokoneza Ubongo (www.realyourbrainonporn.com)
• Mbiri yakale ya Nicole Prause, David Ley & @ BrainOnPorn yovutitsa & kunyoza Alexander Rhode wa NoFap
• Nicole Prause & David Ley apanga chinyengo pamlandu wonyoza a Don Hilton.
• Kuyesetsa kwa a Freuse kuti alepheretse Wilson kufooka; Lamulo lake loti abwezeretsedwe linakanidwa ngati lovuta ndipo ali ndi ngongole yayikulu pakulamula kwa SLAPP

Komabe, zochitika zina zambiri zakhala zikuchitika kuti sitili omasuka kuwululira - monga ozunzidwa ndi a Prause amaopa kubwezeretsa.

Mfundo yofunikira: Ngakhale kuti Prause akupitiriza kunena zabodza kuti ndi "wozunzidwa," ndi Prause yemwe adayambitsa kuzunzika konse kwa anthu ndi mabungwe omwe ali pamasamba omwe tawalemba. Palibe m'masambawa amene wazunza Nicole Prause. Maso ake amatsutsa kuti "akuwombera" kapena "misogyny" ndi "otsutsa zolaula" alibe zolemba zofunikira.

Umboni wonse Pemphero limapereka luso lokhazikitsa: mafotokozedwe amodzi, maimelo angapo kuchokera kwa iye kupita kwa ena omwe amafotokoza kuti akuzunzidwa, ndipo asanu amatsutsa ndikusiya makalata okhala ndi zifukwa zonama. Mudzaonanso umboni wodandaula wonyansa wodandaula Pemphero lakhala ndi mabungwe olamulira osiyanasiyana - omwe achotsedwa mwatsatanetsatane kapena kufufuzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Akuwoneka kuti akunyalanyaza madandaulo amenewa kuti apite kukafunsira zolinga zake zonse "pofufuza."

Pemphero silipereka zitsanzo zenizeni za kukhala chandamale cha kutsata pa intaneti kaya kudzera pa tweet, Facebook, kapena maulalo a masamba a YBOP. Kumbali ina, tsamba la Twitter la Prause lokha linali ndi mazana ndi mazana a ma tweet onyoza komanso olakwika omwe akuyang'ana Wilson ndi ena ambiri (Prause wachotsa ma tweet opitilira 3,000). Mwachidule, Prause wapanga nthano yopanda umboni wotsimikizika, pomwe akugwirizana kwambiri ndi makampani opanga zolaula.

Prause, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Prause et al. (2015) zabodza zaposachedwa za maulosi okhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Biology psychology, 120, 159-161 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa chifukwa si kafukufuku, M'malo mwake, ndemanga yayifupi iyi ikudzionetsera ngati yoteteza kafukufuku wa Prause wa 2015 EEG wotsutsidwa kwambiri (wokambidwa kwina). Sizili ndipo sizikulephera kuyankha chilichonse m'mapepala 9 owunikidwa ndi anzawo: Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Prause et al ., 2015 Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Prause et al. , 2015, si zomwe zikuwoneka . Ngakhale Prause adanenetsa molimba mtima kuti kafukufuku wake wa EEG wokhawokha, wolakwika kwambiri udathetsa chizolowezi cha zolaula, mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikidwa ndi anzawo sagwirizana . Mapepala onse 9 akuvomereza kuti Prause et al., 2015 adapezadi kuti Prause et al., 2015 adapeza kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (chochitika chogwirizana ndi chizolowezi).

Prause adatchula maphunziro ambiri omwewo m'kalata yake omwe adadula ndikumata patsamba la "kafukufuku" lomwe likutsutsidwa pano. Zonse zomwe Prause adanena komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mapepala osankhidwa (pomwe akunyalanyaza mazana ambiri akutsutsa zomwe akunena), zidatsutsidwa kwambiri apa: Kutsutsa kwa: Kalata kwa mkonzi “Prause et al. (2015) zabodza zaposachedwa za maulosi okhudzana ndi chizolowezi” (2016) , lolembedwa ndi Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.

Prause, N., Janssen, E., Georgiadis, J., Finn, P., & Pfaus, J. (2017). Deta sizimathandizira kugonana ngati chinthu choledzeretsa. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(12), 899. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi Nicole Prause, Peter Finn, Erick Jansen ndi Janniko Georgiadis , membala wa Alliance . Si kafukufuku. Kalata iyi yolembedwa ndi Prause mu Lancet , yosainidwa ndi anzawo anayi (Erick Janssen, Janniko Georgiadis, Peter Finn ndi James Pfaus), inali yankho la kalata ina yayifupi: Kodi khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto loledzera? ( Potenza et. al., 2017) , yolembedwa ndi akatswiri oledzera Marc Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Valerie Voon, Ariel Kor ndi Shane Kraus.

Apa Prause akutchulanso kalata yake ina yopita kwa mkonzi ngati "yotsutsa" kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi chizolowezi chogonana (chomwe chimadziwika kuti "Compulsive sexual behavior disorder" mu ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera ). Komabe sichitero. Nkhani iyi ya mawu 240 ( Prause et al. , 2017) ikunena kuti palibe maphunziro ochirikiza zomwe akunena, kupereka chiganizo chimodzi chokha, chosavuta kutsutsa ngati "umboni" wake wokha wotsutsa chitsanzo cha chizolowezi:

Komabe, maphunziro osayesa sagwirizana ndi zinthu zofunikira zowonongeka monga kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito, kuvutika kulimbikitsa zofuna, zoipa, kuperewera kwa malipiro, kuchepa kwa matenda, kutha kwachangu, kapena kupititsa patsogolo.

Kuwunika kwakukulu kumeneku, Kusanthula kwa "Deta sizikuthandizira kugonana ngati chizolowezi" ( Prause et al ., 2017) , kumatsutsa zomwe zanenedwa mu kalata ya Prause. Imafotokozanso chithandizo chachikulu cha zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi, zomwe Prause et al. amanena molakwika kuti sizikupezeka mu kafukufuku waposachedwa. Monga momwe mudzaonera, kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito, kuvutika kuwongolera zilakolako, zotsatira zoyipa, vuto la kusowa kwa mphotho, vuto la kusiya, ndi kulekerera/chizolowezi zonse zapezeka m'maphunziro ambiri okhudza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / anthu a CSB. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zovomerezeka za chizolowezi cha mitsempha, monga kukhudzidwa, (cue-reactivity/cravings), kukonda kwambiri kusakhala ndi chilakolako, cortex yosagwira ntchito, ndi kuyankha kwa nkhawa kosagwira ntchito zonse zanenedwa m'maphunziro angapo a 42 ozikidwa pa neuroscience.

Mwa njira, atatu mwa anthu anayi omwe adasaina nawo Prause mu Lancet adapereka mayina awo kwa iye wakale wa 2016 Salt Lake Tribune Op-Ed akuukira Fight The New Drug ndi malingaliro ake pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Kuti Op-Ed ya Salt Lake Tribune ya mawu 600 inali yodzaza ndi mawu osachirikizidwa omwe cholinga chake chinali kusokeretsa anthu wamba. Ndipo olemba ake, Prause ndi abwenzi, adalephera kuthandizira zomwe adanena. Op-Ed idatchula mapepala anayi okha - palibe omwe anali ndi chochita ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula, zotsatira za zolaula paubwenzi, kapena mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Akatswiri angapo adayankha ndi kuthetsa Prause Op-Ed: Op-Ed: Ndani kwenikweni akunenetsa sayansi pa zolaula? (2016) . Mosiyana ndi "akatswiri a ubongo" a Op-Ed yoyamba, olemba mayankho adatchula maphunziro mazana angapo ndi ndemanga zambiri za mabuku omwe adathandizira zomwe adanena.

Poyang'ana khama la Prause la Lancet , tiyenera kunena kuti palibe m'modzi mwa asanu omwe adasaina mu 2017 omwe adasindikiza kafukufuku wokhudza "zolaula kapena anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana. " Komanso, ena omwe adasaina kalata ya Prause ya Lancet ali ndi mbiri yokana mwamphamvu ndikutsutsa lingaliro la chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula (motero akuwonetsa tsankho lalikulu). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, aliyense mwa olemba anzake asanu a Potenza ndi anzake a 2017 (omwe adalemba kalata yoyamba pankhaniyi mu Lancet) adasindikiza maphunziro angapo okhudza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana mokakamiza (kuphatikizapo maphunziro ofunikira a ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana).

Walton, MT, & Bhullar, N. (2018). Khalidwe lokakamiza kugonana ngati vuto lolamulira chilakolako: deta yoyembekezera maphunziro a m'munda. Zolemba zakale za khalidwe logonana, 1-5. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Si kafukufuku. Ndi ndemanga yolembedwa ndi akatswiri awiri a zachiwerewere (komanso asayansi a za ubongo) omwe nthawi zonse amalemba limodzi ndi membala wa Alliance James Cantor. Kuchuluka kwa mawu ndi kusankha kwapadera. Ndemanga ya masamba atatu iyi ikunena za mapepala 25 okha: asanu ndi atatu awo ndi asanu ena ochokera kwa mamembala a Alliance. Ndemangayo siitchulapo kafukufuku aliyense mwa maphunziro 43 ozikidwa pa sayansi ya ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa nkhani za CSB kapena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. M'malo motchula ndemanga ya Walton pa "Sexhavior Cycle" bwanji a Deniers sanapereke ndemanga zodalirika izi, zomwe zimafalitsidwa mu kope lomwelo la magaziniyo?

• Kusiyanitsa Zojambulazo Zowononga Zolemba za Sayansi za Kugonana Kwachiwerewere monga Matenda (2017)
• Umboni wa Pudding Ndi Wotsekemera: Deta Ndizofunika Kuyesera Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Kwachinyengo (2018)
  

Eya, sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe akukana.

Ley, DJ (2018). Sayansi yabodza yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa malamulo okhudza mavuto azaumoyo wa anthu. Porn Studies, 5(2), 208-212. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Ndi membala wa Alliance David Ley . Si kafukufuku. Nkhani yonyansa, yolakwika, yolimbikitsa zolaula yomwe imawerengedwa ngati imodzi mwa zolemba za Ley za Psychology Today . YBOP sinawone chifukwa chokambirana za malingaliro a Ley ofalitsidwa mu Porn Studies Journal yokayikitsa kwambiri . Kuti mufotokoze bwino mfundo iliyonse yolankhulidwa ndi Ley, YBOP ikupereka lingaliro ili - Kuthetsa yankho la David Ley kwa Philip Zimbardo: " Tiyenera kudalira sayansi yabwino mu mkangano wa zolaula " (Marichi, 2016) , kapena kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa nkhani yodziwika bwino ya Ley - Kutsutsa kwa " The Emperor Has No Clothes: A Review of the 'Pornography Addiction' Model " (2014), David Ley, Nicole Prause & Peter Finn . Kuchuluka kwa mawu ofotokozera.

Zindikirani: Ley et al., 2014 idasindikizidwa ndi magazini ya Current Sexual Health Reports, mu "Gawo Lawo la Mikangano Yamakono." Mkonzi wa Gawo la Mikangano, motero pepala la Ley, anali membala mnzake wa Alliance Charles Moser. Pambuyo pake Moser adagwirizana ndi Ley ndi Prause kuti "achotse" chizolowezi cha zolaula pamsonkhano wa February 2015 wa International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health: Ley, Prause, Moser kenako mkonzi wamkulu wa Current Sexual Health Reports Perelman adapereka msonkhano wa maola awiri: "Chizolowezi cha Zolaula, Chizolowezi Chogonana, kapena OCD wina ?" Okana awa akhala akugwira ntchito ngati gulu, ndi ndondomeko, kwa zaka zambiri.

Prause, N., Steele, VR, Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D., & Hajcak, G. (2015). Kusintha kwa zinthu zabwino zomwe zingachitike mochedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zogonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mavuto ndi zowongolera zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi "chizolowezi chogonana". Biological psychology, 109, 192-199 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause . Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Prause et al. , 2015, si zomwe zikuwoneka, ndipo samanama kalikonse . Ngakhale Prause adanenetsa molimba mtima kuti kafukufuku wake wokhawokha, wolakwika kwambiri wa EEG adatsutsa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula, mapepala 8 owunikidwa ndi anzawo sagwirizana . Mapepala onse asanu ndi atatu akuvomereza kuti Prause et al., 2015 mwina adapeza kuti Prause et al., 2015 mwina adapeza kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (chochitika chogwirizana ndi chizolowezi). Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Prause et al ., 2015

Zotsatira zake: Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto olamulira kuonera zolaula zawo" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo wawo akamaonera zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla kwa sekondi imodzi. Wolemba wamkuluyo akuti zotsatirazi " zikutsutsa chizolowezi cha zolaula ." Ndi wasayansi wovomerezeka uti amene anganene kuti kafukufuku wawo wokhawo wosadziwika bwino wathetsa gawo lodziwika bwino la kafukufuku?

Zoonadi, zomwe Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zikugwirizana bwino ndi Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , zomwe zidapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo poyankha zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. Zomwe Prause et al . adapeza zikugwirizananso ndi Banca et al. 2015 yomwe ili #13 pamndandandawu. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wa EEG adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo ku zolaula. Kuwerenga kochepa kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali sakuyang'ana kwambiri zithunzizo. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri analibe chidwi ndi zithunzi zokhazikika za zolaula za vanilla. Anali otopa (ozolowera kapena osasamala). Onani ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi.

Pemphero linalengeza kuti malemba ake a EEG anayesedwa "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozoloŵera. Ngakhale kuti Prause anali wolondola, iye amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lachinyengo chake mu "zonena zabodza": Ngati Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 24 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Sayansi sigwirizana ndi kafukufuku wokhawo wosazolowereka womwe umalepheretsedwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira; sayansi imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa umboni (pokhapokha ngati mukutsatira ndondomeko ).

Mwina mukudabwa chifukwa chake kafukufuku woyamba komanso wotchuka kwambiri wa EEG wa Prause sunaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa maphunziro a Alliance: Chilakolako Chogonana, osati Hypersexuality, Chikugwirizana ndi Mayankho a Neurophysiological Omwe Amafunsidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana ( Steele et al. , 2013) . Kupatula apo, zidalengezedwa m'manyuzipepala ngati umboni wotsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi cha zolaula/kugonana. Kuphatikiza apo, David Ley ndi wolankhulira kafukufukuyu Nicole Prause adagwirizana kuti alembe positi ya blog ya Psychology Today yokhudza Steele et al ., 2013 yotchedwa " Ubongo Wanu pa Zolaula - SIZOLETSA " . (Akulunjikanso kwa Gary Wilson ndi tsamba lake lawebusayiti).

Chifukwa chake ndi ichi: Steele et al . adanenanso zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikutsutsana mwachindunji ndi zomwe Prause et al., 2015 adapeza. Kapena mungaganize choncho ngati mutayerekeza chidule cha maphunziro awiri a EEG. Zoona zake n'zakuti , Steele et al . - monga Prause et al. - amalimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. Kodi zingatheke bwanji? Steele et al. adanenanso kuti ma EEG ambiri amawerengedwa (poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera) pamene anthu omwe adawonetsedwa zithunzi zolaula kwa kanthawi kochepa. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti P300 yokwera imachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, wolankhulira Prause adati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu," koma zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zimati zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha anthu ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chinali kuchepa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula).

Zonsezi pamodzi zomwe Steele et al. adapeza zikusonyeza kuti ubongo umagwira ntchito kwambiri ku zizindikiro (zithunzi zolaula), koma kusowa kwa mphamvu yochitira zinthu mwachibadwa (kugonana ndi munthu). Zimenezo ndi kukhudzidwa ndi kukhumudwa, zomwe ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi. Mapepala asanu ndi awiri owunikidwa ndi anzawo akufotokoza zoona: Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Steele et al. , 2013

Kupatulapo zonena zambiri zosachirikizidwa m'manyuzipepala, n'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufuku wa 2013 wa Prause wa EGG adapambana ndemanga ya anzawo, chifukwa adakumana ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira: 1) anthu anali osiyana (amuna, akazi, osakhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) ; 2) anthu sanayang'anitsidwe matenda amisala kapena zizolowezi ; 3) kafukufukuyu analibe gulu lowongolera poyerekeza ; 4) mafunso sanatsimikizidwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito zolaula kapena chizolowezi cha zolaula . Steele et al. ali ndi zolakwika kwambiri kotero kuti ndemanga 4 zokha mwa zolemba 21 ndi ndemanga zimavuta kuzitchula : ziwiri zimazitsutsa ngati sayansi yosavomerezeka, pomwe ziwiri zimazitchula ngati kulumikizana kwa cue-reactivity ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu (zizindikiro za chizolowezi).

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Prause et al. , 2015 NDI Steele et al. , 2013 anali ndi mitu yomweyi . Chifukwa chiyani kafukufuku wachiwiri pa gulu ili? Chifukwa Steele et al. analibe gulu lowongolera poyerekeza ! Chifukwa chake Prause et al., 2015 anayerekeza mitu ya 2013 kuchokera kwa Steele et al ., 2013 ndi gulu lenileni lowongolera (ngakhale kuti kubwerezabwereza kumeneku kunali ndi zolakwika zomwezo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira: Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owongolera kuonera kwawo zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo akamawona zithunzi za vanila pa sekondi imodzi. Zotsatira ZENIZENI za maphunziro awiri a EEG a Prause:

1. Steele et al., 2013: Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukira-zolaula zolaula anali nazo Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu, koma osati zofuna zodzikweza.
2. Prause et al., 2015: "Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" anali nawo Zochepa kugwiritsira ntchito ubongo kuti ziwononge zithunzi za vilonda zolaula. Mavesi a m'munsi a EEG amatanthauza kuti "zolaula" nkhani sizingasamalire zithunzizo.

Nayi ndemanga yochokera kwa madokotala azachipatala ochokera ku labu yotsogola yaku Spain yomwe ikufufuza maphunziro awiri a Prause a EEG: Steele et al ., 2013 & Prause et al. , 2015: Kusuta Zolaula Pa intaneti: Zimene Tikudziwa ndi Zimene Sitikudziwa—Ndemanga Yadongosolo (2019) . (Zindikirani: ndemanga 105 ndi Steele , ndemanga 107 ndi Prause .)

Umboni wa ntchito ya mitsempha imeneyi yosonyeza chilakolako umawonekera kwambiri mu prefrontal cortex [ 101 ] ndi amygdala [ 102 , 103 ], womwe ndi umboni wa sensitization. Kugwira ntchito m'madera awa a ubongo kumakumbutsa za mphotho yazachuma [ 104 ] ndipo kungakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma EEG ambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito awa, komanso kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu, koma osati maliseche [ 105 ], chinthu chomwe chimasonyezanso kusiyana kwa khalidwe la erection [ 8 ]. Izi zitha kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha desensitivity.

Komabe, kafukufuku wa Steele ali ndi zolakwika zingapo za njira zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa (kusiyana kwa nkhani, kusowa kwa kufufuza matenda amisala kapena zizolowezi, kusakhalapo kwa gulu lolamulira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso osatsimikiziridwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa zolaula) [ 106 ]. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Prause [ 107 ], nthawi ino ndi gulu lolamulira, adabwereza zomwe zapezekazi. Udindo wa kubwerezabwereza kwa cue ndi chilakolako pakukula kwa chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti zatsimikiziridwa mwa akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha [ 108 ] ndi zitsanzo za amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha [ 109 ].

Achinyamata Gawo

Mtheradi / Zochitika: Monga nthawi zonse, Denier's Alliance (RealYBOP) imangopereka zochepa chabe zamaphunziro aposachedwa kapena ma fillers kuti anyenge atolankhani komanso anthu kuti zolaula sizowopsa kwa achinyamata. Monga magawo ena, Alliance sinaperekenso ndemanga pazolemba kapena zofufuza za meta. Chifukwa chiyani Alliance idasiya ndemanga za 14 pazakuonera zolaula komanso "Achinyamata" (achinyamata): ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15, kuwunika # 16.

Nchifukwa chiyani Alliance yasiya maphunziro onse 280 pamndandanda wonsewu wa mapepala owunikidwa ndi anzawo omwe akuwunika momwe zolaula zimakhudzira achinyamata ? Yankho lake ndi lomveka bwino: ndemanga, monga momwe zilili ndi maphunziro ambiri a munthu payekha, sizikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya Alliance yolimbikitsa zolaula. Apa tikuwonetsa ndemanga zomwe Alliance idasiya ndi zigawo zofunikira:

Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Ukwati ndi Banja: Kubwereza Kafukufuku (2006) - Zolemba:

Kufufuza njira zowonongeka za zolaula za pa Intaneti, komabe, ndizosawerengeka ndipo gawo la kafukufuku wamakono ndilochepa. Kufufuza kwa kafukufuku komwe kulipo kunali kochitidwa ndipo zowonongeka zambiri zinawululidwa. Ngakhale zambiri sizikudziwika pokhudzana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti paukwati ndi mabanja, deta yomwe ilipo imapereka chidziwitso choyamba cha opanga ndondomeko, ophunzitsira, odwala, ndi ochita kafukufuku.

Zotsatira zachindunji kwa ana ndi achinyamata Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimaonedwa kuti zimakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapena kukumana ndi zolaula okha:

1. Ngakhale zili zoletsedwa, achinyamata amakhala ndi zovuta zolaula ndipo izi zingathe kukhumudwitsa, kusokoneza, kuzunza, ndi / kapena kusintha mankhwala.

2. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa, kunyengedwa, kusocheretsedwa, kapena "kugwedezeka" pofuna kuona zolaula pa Intaneti.

3. Kafufuzidwe amasonyeza kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula kungathandize achinyamata kukhala osakayikira komanso kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro monga kusekedwa, mantha, manyazi, mkwiyo, mantha, ndi chisoni.

4. Kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti ndi / kapena kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana za kugonana kungapweteke chikhalidwe cha achinyamata ndi kugonana kwa achinyamata komanso kuchepetsa kupambana kwawo mu ubale wam'tsogolo.

5. Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paunyamata zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kugonana koyambirira, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana ndi abambo komanso kugonana ndi anthu omwe sali nawo pachibwenzi.

Masewera a Misala pa Kugonana kwa Achinyamata Kuwonetsa Zomwe Zimayesedwa Chifukwa cha Causality (2011)

Kafukufuku wokhudza momwe nkhani zoulutsira nkhani zimakhudzira khalidwe la achinyamata pankhani yogonana wakhala akuchedwa kusonkhana ngakhale kuti umboni wa nthawi yayitali wa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugonana m'manyuzipepala. Komabe, zotsatira za nkhani zoulutsira nkhani zogonana zasintha kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene ofufuza ochokera m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana ayankha pempho loti akambirane za gawo lofunika kwambiri la maphunziro okhudza kugonana . Cholinga cha mutu uno ndikuwunikanso kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudza zotsatira za khalidwe la kugonana kuti adziwe ngati ntchito imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi chifukwa. Miyezo ya zomwe Cook ndi Campbell (1979) amanena za chifukwa cha kugonana yagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Zatsimikizika kuti kafukufukuyu mpaka pano akudutsa malire a kutsimikizika kwa muyezo uliwonse ndipo kuti nkhani zoulutsira nkhani zimakhala ndi mphamvu pa khalidwe la kugonana la achinyamata ku United States.

Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kubwereza Kafukufuku (2012) - Kuchokera kumapeto:

Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wopeza intaneti kwa achinyamata kwapanga mwayi wosayerekezeka wophunzitsa za kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka chomwe chikuwonekera m'mabukuwa chapangitsa ofufuza kufufuza momwe achinyamata amaonera zolaula pa intaneti pofuna kufotokoza ubale umenewu. Pamodzi , maphunzirowa akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zosayenera zogonana. Pakati pa zomwe zapezeka, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro ogonana olekerera, kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana, ndi kuyesa koyambirira kwa kugonana kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi….

Komabe, zomwe zapezeka nthawi zonse zapeza zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata zomwe zikuwonetsa zachiwawa ndi kuchuluka kwa machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana. Mabukuwa akusonyeza kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro awo. Atsikana amanena kuti amadziona kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi akazi omwe amawaonera m'zithunzi zolaula, pomwe anyamata amaopa kuti sangakhale aulemu kapena osatha kuchita bwino ngati amuna omwe ali m'ma TV awa. Achinyamata amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumachepa pamene kudzidalira kwawo komanso chitukuko chawo chikuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti, ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa mgwirizano wa anthu, kuchuluka kwa mavuto a khalidwe, kuchuluka kwa khalidwe loipa, kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo, komanso kuchepa kwa mgwirizano wamaganizo ndi osamalira.

Mbadwo Watsopano wa Chizolowezi Chogonana (2013) - Ngakhale kuti si ndemanga yeniyeni, inali imodzi mwa mapepala oyamba kusiyanitsa achinyamata ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kuchokera ku nkhani za "CSB" zakale. Pomaliza:

Akuti chizolowezi chogonana chitha kusiyanitsidwa ndi ma etiologies awiri apadera. Wokonda "wamasiku ano" akuti ndiwosiyanako chifukwa chakuwonetsedwa kwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pazikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zachiwerewere, pomwe "chizolowezi" choyipa chimayendetsedwa ndi zoopsa, kuzunzidwa, kudzimva kosasunthika, kusokonekera kwa kuwongolera, manyazi, manyazi -zidziwitso zochokera, komanso zovuta zam'maganizo. Ngakhale onse atha kugawana zofananira (machitidwe okakamiza, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kuwonongeka kwa ubale), etiology ndi zina zamankhwala zitha kukhala zosiyana.

"Kugonana" kwachikale, pamene akukangana kwambiri, adayang'anitsitsa kwambiri mufukufuku, m'madera ogwira ntchito, komanso mu chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino. Njira zothandizira, ngakhale sizikufalikira, ziri zosiyanasiyana ndipo zilipo, ngakhale pokhapokha ngati maphunziro ovomerezeka okhudzana ndi kugonana akuchitidwa ku United States, omwe amachititsa odwala matendawa kukhala ogwira ntchito ndi "chikhalidwe" chogonana.

Kugonana kwamakono, komabe, ndichinthu chosadziwika, makamaka kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Kafukufuku ndi zolemba ndizochepa ndipo, chosangalatsa, zimasindikizidwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumayiko akunja kwa United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Kafukufuku wokhudza atsikana komanso chizolowezi chogonana sichipezeka. Chithandizo chapadera cha ana ndi achinyamata omwe amaphunzitsidwa zakugonana ndizachilendo kwambiri. Komabe ana ambiri, achinyamata, ndi achikulire akusowa chithandizo chamankhwala chotere, ndipo akatswiri akuchedwa kuyankha. Kafukufuku, zokambirana, ndi maphunziro amafunikira mwachangu kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa za achichepere kwambiri pakati pa anthu athu omwe akulimbana ndi mchitidwe wogonana.

Kodi nkhani zogonana zomwe zili m'manyuzipepala atsopano zikugwirizana ndi khalidwe loopsa la kugonana kwa achinyamata? Kuwunikanso mwadongosolo ndi kusanthula meta (2016) - Kuchokera ku chidule:

Zotsatira: Maphunziro khumi ndi anayi, onse opangidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, adakwaniritsa zofunikira zophatikizidwa. Maphunziro asanu ndi limodzi (omwe adatenga nawo mbali 10,352) adafufuza momwe achinyamata amakhudzidwira ndi SEWs ndipo asanu ndi atatu (omwe adatenga nawo mbali 10,429) adafufuza zotumizirana mauthenga olaula. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maphunziro okhudza zofalitsa ndi matanthauzidwe a zotsatira zake. Kusanthula kwa meta kunapeza kuti zofalitsa za SEW zinali zogwirizana ndi kugonana popanda kondomu; zofalitsa mauthenga olaula zinali zogwirizana ndi kugonana komwe kudachitikapo, kugonana posachedwapa, kumwa mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo musanagonane, komanso kugonana ndi anthu ambiri posachedwapa. Maphunziro ambiri anali ndi kusintha kochepa pa zinthu zofunika zomwe zingasokoneze.

Mapeto : Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana akuwonetsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kudziwonetsa wekha kuzinthu zogonana muzofalitsa zatsopano ndi machitidwe ogonana mwa achinyamata . Kafukufuku wautali angapereke mwayi waukulu wosinthira kusokoneza, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino njira zomwe zimayambitsa ubale womwe ukuwonedwa.

Media and Sexualization: State of Empirical Research, 1995–2015 (2016) – Kuchokera mu chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga zotsatira zoyeserera za kafukufuku wokhudza kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini owunikiranso a Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachigololo komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu wawo.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Kubwereza kwa Zaka 20 za Kafukufuku (2016) - Kuchokera ku chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kukonza kafukufuku wofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa m'magazini a Chingerezi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pankhani ya kufalikira, zoneneratu, ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa zolaula kumasiyana kwambiri. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna, omwe anali atakula kwambiri, omwe anali ofunafuna malingaliro, komanso anali ndi mabanja ofooka kapena ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro ogonana olekerera ndipo nthawi zambiri kunkalumikizidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zolimbana ndi kugonana. Zinkaonekanso kuti zikugwirizana ndi kuchitika kwa kugonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi machitidwe ogonana osakhazikika, komanso nkhanza zambiri zogonana, ponse paŵiri pochita ndi kuzunzidwa.

Kugwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogonana ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe a achinyamata: Kuwunikanso nkhani za maphunziro (2017) - Zolemba:

Ndemanga iyi idawunikira kafukufuku wamtsogolo womwe umayang'ana zotsatira za zinthu zolaula pazikhalidwe za achinyamata, zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe awo.

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kupereka malingaliro owunikira a maphunziro ataliatali omwe amayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zolaula pa achinyamata. Magulu angapo apadera pakati pazinthu zolaula ndi malingaliro a achinyamata, zikhulupiliro ndi zomwe adachita zidafotokozedwa m'maphunzirowa. Zinthu zolaula zimawoneka kuti zimakhudza malingaliro angapo okhudzana ndi kugonana, zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi jenda, mwayi wokhala wogonana komanso wogonana.

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula kungakhudze malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana za achinyamata, monga kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), kusatsimikizika kwa kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), kutsutsa akazi pankhani ya kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), malingaliro ogonana osangalatsa komanso ololera (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), malingaliro ofanana pa udindo wa amuna ndi akazi (Brown & L'Engle, 2009) ndi kuyang'anira thupi (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Zotsatira za Kuwonetsedwa pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Chibwenzi cha Achinyamata ndi Akuluakulu Oyamba Kugonana ndi Maganizo ndi Makhalidwe Achiwawa Ogonana: Kuwunikanso Kwambiri Mabuku (2017) - Chidule:

Nkhanza zokhudzana ndi chibwenzi (DV) ndi nkhanza zogonana (SV) ndi mavuto ofala pakati pa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu omwe akutukuka kumene. Mabuku ambiri akusonyeza kuti kuwonetsedwa pa nkhani zogonana (SEM) ndi nkhani zogonana (SVM) kungakhale zinthu zoopsa kwa DV ndi SV. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikupereka ndemanga yokwanira komanso yokhudza momwe SEM ndi SVM zimakhudzira malingaliro ndi machitidwe a DV ndi SV. Kafukufuku wokwana 43 wogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achinyamata ndi akuluakulu omwe akutukuka kumene adawunikidwanso, ndipo zonse pamodzi zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza kuti:

(1) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndizogwirizana ndi nthano za DV ndi SV komanso kuvomereza kwambiri malingaliro a DV ndi SV;

(2) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuvutitsidwa kwa DV ndi SV, kufalikira, komanso kusayang'anira;

(3) SEM ndi SVM zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe amunthu a DV ndi SV kuposa machitidwe azikhalidwe za DV ndi SV; ndipo

(4) malingaliro owoneka bwino okhudzana ndi DV ndi SV ndi makonda azosinthasintha amasintha ubale womwe uli pakati pa SEM ndi SVM komanso DV ndi malingaliro a SV ndi machitidwe.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula za Achinyamata: Kuwunikanso Kwadongosolo kwa Mabuku Ofufuza 2000-2017 . (2018) - Zidule kuchokera ku magawo okhudzana ndi momwe zolaula zimakhudzira wogwiritsa ntchito:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi yowonongeka ndikupanga mapepala a chidwi pa kafukufuku m'munda ndikuyang'ana ngati zotsatira zowonjezera zakhala zikuchokera m'madera ofufuza.

Maganizo Okhudza Kugonana - Ponseponse, maphunziro 21 adafufuza malingaliro ndi machitidwe a achinyamata okhudzana ndi kugonana okhudzana ndi PU. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zolinga zowonera zolaula zakhala zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi abwinobwino poganizira PU komanso momwe amakhudzira kwambiri malingaliro ndi machitidwe achiwerewere a achinyamata.

Kukula - Motsutsana ndi zimenezi, kuonera zolaula kwapezeka kuti kumakhudza kukula kwa makhalidwe abwino, makamaka omwe amakhudza chipembedzo panthawi ya unyamata . N'zosadabwitsa kuti kuonera zolaula kwawonetsedwa kuti kumakhudza kwambiri chipembedzo cha achinyamata, kuchepetsa kupembedza kwa achinyamata pakapita nthawi, mosasamala kanthu za jenda.

Kuzunzidwa – Kuwonetsedwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa/zonyansa zikuwoneka kuti zinali zofala pakati pa achinyamata, zogwirizana ndi machitidwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo, makamaka kwa akazi, zimagwirizana ndi mbiri ya kuzunzidwa. Komabe, maphunziro ena adatsimikiza kuti kuwonetsedwa ndi zolaula sikunali kogwirizana ndi machitidwe oopsa ogonana ndipo kufunitsitsa kuwonetsedwa ndi zolaula sikukuwoneka kuti kumakhudza machitidwe oopsa ogonana pakati pa achinyamata onse. Ngakhale izi, zomwe zapezeka zinawonetsa kuti kuwonekera mwadala ku PU kunali kogwirizana ndi mavuto ambiri a khalidwe pakati pa achinyamata, kuzunzidwa kwambiri pa intaneti komanso kupempha kugonana pa intaneti ndi kukakamiza kugonana ndi anyamata kuchitira nkhanza zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse.

Makhalidwe a Thanzi la Maganizo - Mwachidule, ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena sanatsimikizire mgwirizano pakati pa thanzi losauka la maganizo ndi PU, zambiri zomwe zapezeka zimagwirizana ndi PU yapamwamba panthawi yaunyamata nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi mavuto apamwamba amalingaliro ( monga kuvutika maganizo) ndi machitidwe . Pankhaniyi, Luder et al . adapereka lingaliro la kusiyana kokhudzana ndi jenda pakati pa PU ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo ndi amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kupeza kumeneku kunali kogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wautali womwe ukuwonetsa kuti zinthu zosauka zamaganizo zinalipo pakukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula pa intaneti pakati pa anyamata achinyamata.

Maubwenzi a Anthu - Ponseponse, zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano wakuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti pafupipafupi poonera zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana m'makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a anthu ndi achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti podziwitsa, kulankhulana ndi anthu komanso zosangalatsa.

Makhalidwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito Pa Intaneti - Makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti adafufuzidwa m'maphunziro 15 mwa 57 omwe adaphatikizidwa mu ndemangayi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti makhalidwe omwe achinyamata amakumana nawo pa zolaula pa intaneti komanso kuzunzidwa chifukwa chofuna kugonana ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apa intaneti kwambiri, machitidwe oopsa pa intaneti, kuvutika maganizo ndi kuwonetsa kuzunzidwa pa intaneti, komanso kudziwonetsa mwaufulu pa intaneti.

Makhalidwe Ogonana a Achinyamata – Khalidwe la kugonana la achinyamata pankhani ya PU linafufuzidwa m'maphunziro 11, ndipo maphunziro onse akuwonetsa zotsatira zofunika. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Doornward, et al . adapeza kuti anyamata achinyamata omwe ali ndi machitidwe okakamiza kugonana, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonekera pa intaneti, adanenanso kuti amadzidalira kwambiri, amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri komanso amakonda kwambiri kugonana. Pachifukwa chimenecho, maphunziro ena awonetsa kuti anyamata omwe adapezeka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogonana komanso malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amavomerezedwa ndi anzawo ndipo adawonetsa luso lalikulu poganizira za kugonana kwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, anyamata omwe adawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ankakonda kukhala ndi zibwenzi zogonana ali aang'ono komanso amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogonana.

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Hesse, C., & Pedersen, CL (2017) . Kugonana ndi zolaula poyerekeza ndi kugonana kwenikweni: Momwe zinthu zogonana zimasinthira kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa kapangidwe ka thupi, kapangidwe ka thupi, ndi khalidwe la kugonana. Kugonana ndi Chikhalidwe, 21(3), 754-775 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Choyamba, apakati anali ndi zaka 24, kotero uwu si kafukufuku wokhudza "unyamata." Chachiwiri, ambiri mwa anthu omwe adafunsidwa anali akazi, kotero kafukufukuyu sanali woyimira. Chachitatu, chomwe chapeza chachikulu n'chakuti owonera zolaula ali ndi zigoli zabwino pang'ono pakuwunika kwa thupi ndi kapangidwe ka thupi sikuti ndizodabwitsa. Mukamawona zambiri, mumakumbukira bwino. Zingawoneke ngati zakale, koma munthu angayang'ane mosavuta mawu a thupi la munthu pa intaneti monga kuonera zolaula zamphamvu kuti aphunzire za thupi la munthu.

Ponena za " ophunzira adanenanso za zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zomwe amadziona kuti ali nazo pakugwiritsa ntchito SEM kuposa zotsatira zoyipa, " izi ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa chifukwa kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe amadziwika kuti Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES). Monga tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi ya YBOP ndi pulofesa wa zamaganizo, kafukufuku wopanga PCES akhoza kukhala kafukufuku woopsa kwambiri wa zolaula womwe udafalitsidwapo (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

Mafunso a PCES apangidwa ndi kupatsidwa miyeso kotero kuti munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri, phindu lake limakhala lalikulu. Ndipotu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kusagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudza moyo wanu molingana ndi chida ichi. Izi sizokokomeza chifukwa maphunziro ambiri ochokera ku PCES amatsiriza zimenezo ! Kanema wowunikira wa mphindi 7 wa PCES uwu ukuwonetsa zotsatira zazikulu za Hald & Malamuth kuchokera ku zomwe pulofesa wa zamaganizo wokhumudwayo adazitcha " maloto oopsa a maganizo ":

• Kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi nthawi zonse kunali kopindulitsa - ndi zochepa, ngati zilizonse, zosokoneza, kwa aliyense.
• Kuwonetsa zolaula kwambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamoyo wanu. Mwachidule, "Kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino."
• Kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe mumakonda kwambiri kugonana, momwe mumakhulupirira kuti amaimira kugonana kwenikweni, ndipo mumakhala ndi maliseche kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo wanu.

Ma PCES nthawi zonse amafotokoza ubwino chifukwa:

1. Hald & Malamuth mwachisawawa adasankha zomwe "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa" zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo "kuwonjezera pazidziwitso zanu zakugonana kumatako" kumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse, pomwe "kuchepetsa malingaliro anu ogonana" kumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse.
2. PCES imapereka kulemera kofanana kwa mafunso omwe samafufuza zotsatira zofanana. Mwachitsanzo "Wonjezerani zomwe mumadziwa zokhudza kugonana kwa abambo?"Akhoza kuchotsa"Kodi zatsogolera mavuto ku moyo wanu wa kugonana?"Kaya mukuganiza kuti zotsatira zenizeni ndi zotsatira zabwino, sizili ngati zofanana ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito (kuthetsa ntchito, kusudzulana), kapena mavuto mu moyo wanu wa kugonana (erectile dys function, no sex drive).

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ukwati wanu ukhoza kusokonekera ndipo mutha kukhala ndi vuto la ED losatha, koma chiwerengero chanu cha PCES chingasonyezebe kuti zolaula zakhala zabwino kwa inu. Monga momwe wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula wina yemwe akuchira adanena atawona mafunso 47 a PCES : " Inde, ndasiya maphunziro anga ku yunivesite, ndakhala ndi mavuto ndi zizolowezi zina, sindinakhalepo ndi chibwenzi, ndataya anzanga, ndalowa m'ngongole, ndidakali ndi ED ndipo sindinagonepo ndi kugonana m'moyo weniweni. Koma osachepera ndikudziwa za osewera onse azithunzi zolaula ndipo ndili ndi luso pa maudindo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake inde, kwenikweni zolaula zandithandiza kwambiri moyo wanga."

Spišák, S. (2016). 'Kulikonse amanena kuti n'kovulaza koma sanena momwe angachitire, choncho ndikufunsani apa': achinyamata, zolaula ndi zokambirana ndi malingaliro a zoopsa ndi zoopsa. Maphunziro Ogonana, 16(2), 130-142. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Chidule cha Alliance chinati, " Achinyamata ochepa okha omwe amalankhula ndi akatswiri azaumoyo wogonana amaona zolaula ngati zovulaza. M'malo mwake, nkhani yokhudza zoopsa ndi yomwe imasokoneza. Kafukufuku sapeza umboni wokwanira wa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi zomwe achinyamata amakumana nazo ndi zolaula ."

Chidulechi chimasiya mfundo zofunika. Phunziroli likuchokera pa zosakanikirana ndi mafunso osadziwika omwe amaperekedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa intaneti zomwe achinyamata ndi achinyamata amakhulupirira (mu 2013). Mafunso ochepa okha ndi okhudza zolaula. Kuchokera pa phunziro:

Pepala ili limapanga pa deta yomwe ili ndi mafunso a 4212 okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe anatumizidwa ndi achinyamata ku Finland kwa akatswiri okhudzana ndi kugonana. 64 yokha (1.5%) ya zopereka izi ndizowonetsa zolaula.

Papepalali akupitiriza kuti:

Zoonadi, kusintha kwa thupi mu nthawi ya kutha msinkhu ndi zomwe zimaonedwa kuti 'zachibadwa' chitukuko mu thupi ndi kugonana ndi mafunso omwe kawirikawiri amafunsidwa. Nkhani zina zokhudzana ndi kugonana, mimba, matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso maubwenzi (onani Rinkinen 2012).

Wolemba akutiuza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikuyambitsa mavuto chifukwa ndi ochepa omwe amafunsa za izi. Zina mwazotheka zilipo: (1) ntchitozi sizingaganizidwe ngati njira yoyenera pamafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula, (2) zovuta za achinyamata zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zolaula, komabe amalephera kulumikizana, (3 Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala ponseponse - achinyamata amadziwa zambiri zolaula kuposa achikulire. Mulimonsemo, kafukufuku mazana ambiri amafotokoza zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zokhudzana ndi zolaula (onani mawu oyamba a gawo lino).

Kungoti wachinyamata sanayambe kulumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zake (kapena za mnzawo) ndi vuto sizikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikuli ndi vuto. Dikirani zaka zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa BBC wa 2019 akusonyeza kuti 20% ya owonera zolaula azaka zapakati pa 18-25 amati zakhudza kuthekera kwawo kugonana . Osakwana kotala (24%) mwa omwe adafunsidwa adavomereza kuti adakakamizidwa kuchita zinthu zomwe mnzawo adawonapo mu zolaula ndipo osakwana m'modzi mwa asanu (19%) amavomereza kuti adayesapo zinthu zomwe adawonapo mu zolaula ndipo adanong'oneza bondo. Oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (35%) amavomereza kuti adachitapo zogonana zoopsa chifukwa cha zolaula. Pafupifupi kotala (23%) ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 18-25 omwe amaonera zolaula amaganiza kuti akhoza kukhala osokoneza bongo.

Kusanthula : Wolemba membala wa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer . Monga momwe zilili ndi maphunziro ena angapo omwe atchulidwa pano, anthu omwe adafunsidwa anali aku Croatia azaka 16 (Štulhofer amafunsabe achinyamata azaka 16 omwewo za momwe amaonera zotsatira za zolaula). Mu kafukufukuyu Štulhofer amafunsa achinyamata azaka 16 za kuchuluka kwawo kwa "kukhutira ndi kugonana," osapeza kuti " palibe mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi komanso kukhutira kwawo ndi kugonana. " Stulhofer sanachite mwachangu. Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti 90% ya amuna adaonera zolaula, pomwe akazi ochepa adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Tangoganizirani zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza:

"Panthawi yomwe yawonedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa amuna omwe adatenga nawo mbali kunali kamodzi pa sabata. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, akazi ambiri omwe adatenga nawo mbali adanena kuti sanagwiritse ntchito zolaula. Poyerekeza ndi anzawo aamuna, atsikana achinyamata anali okhutira kwambiri ndi moyo wawo wogonana ."

Zosangalatsa, koma zonyalanyazidwa ndi The Deniers. Koma kodi phunziro lingayesetse molondola kugonana kwa anthu a zaka za 16? Kuchokera pa phunziro:

"Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo anali ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudzana ndi kugonana koyambirira ..."

Mafunso ochepa: Popeza ndi chidziwitso chochepa chonchi, kodi mwana wazaka 16 angaweruze bwanji molondola kugonana kokhutiritsa? Kodi ndi ana angati azaka 16 omwe akuchita zogonana nthawi zonse? Ndi mnyamata uti wazaka 16 amene sananene kuti amaona kuti kuchita zogonana n'kokhutiritsa, osatinso kugonana mokwanira? Nanga bwanji za ana onse azaka 16 omwe amaonera zolaula omwe akuonera zolaula m'malo mochita zogonana - ali kuti mu kafukufukuyu?

Monga tafotokozera kwina, zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse zimaonekera pambuyo pake (zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30). Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa "kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana" komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji? Kafukufuku aliyense wokhudza amuna akuluakulu wanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kosauka kwa kugonana kapena ubale (onani Kafukufuku wopitilira 70 amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana ndi ubale .)

Izi zati, a Denier adasiya maphunziro ena onse achichepere omwe amafufuza momwe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumagwirira ntchito komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana (kuphatikiza kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali). Kudabwitsidwa - zolaula zonse zolumikizidwa ndizosakhutira pang'ono:

1. Zithunzi zolaula, kugonana, komanso kukhutira pakati pa anyamata (2008)
2. Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009)
3. Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011)
4. Mauthenga Amayi Akazi Achikulire Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula za Amuna Awo Achikondi Amagwiritsira ntchito ngati Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubale Wawo, ndi Kugonana Kwaokha (2012)
5. Kawirikawiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikhulupiliro chochepa chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo ndi chiwawa pakati pa achinyamata achi China (2011)
6. Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011)

Mgwirizano wa Deniers udawululidwa.

Marengo, D., Settanni, M., & Longobardi, C. (2019). Kugwirizana pakati pa chilakolako chogonana, lingaliro la kugonana, chilakolako chogonana, ndi kuwonetsedwa ku nkhanza pa intaneti mwa achinyamata aku Italy: Kufufuza udindo wogwirizanitsa machitidwe olankhulirana ndi owonera. Ndemanga ya Ana ndi Achinyamata. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Kuchuluka kwa mawu ofotokozera, chifukwa si kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira zomwe zingayambitse zolaula. Nchifukwa chiyani a Deniers adalemba kafukufuku wokhudza kutumizirana zithunzi zolaula yemwe adalephera kuwunika momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula, pomwe maphunziro ena ambiri adawunika ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kutumizirana zithunzi zolaula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula? Inde, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kumagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri ndi machitidwe otumizirana zithunzi zolaula.

Rothman, EF, Adhia, A., Christensen, TT, Paruk, J., Alder, J., & Daley, N. (2018) . Kalasi yophunzirira za zolaula kwa achinyamata: Zotsatira za kafukufuku woyeserera wokhudza kuthekera ndi kugwira ntchito bwino. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 13(1), 1-17. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Ndi membala wa Alliance Emily Rothman . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa, chifukwa si kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za zolaula. Komanso, zikuwoneka kuti zikulimbikitsa "Pulogalamu Yophunzirira Zolaula." ya olemba.

Kohut, T., & Štulhofer, A. (2018). Kodi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito chiopsezo pa ubwino wa achinyamata? Kuwunika ubale wa nthawi m'magawo awiri odziyimira pawokha. PloS one, 13(8), e0202048 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi mamembala a Alliance Taylor Kohut ndi Alexander Štulhofer . Avereji ya zaka 16, ndi aku Croatia okha (monga momwe zilili ndi maphunziro ambiri a Štulhofer). Choyamba, monga taonera pansipa, zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse zimaonekera patatha zaka zaunyamata. Chachiwiri, detayi ikuphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wa Kohut & Štulhofer pansipa, kotero titha kuwona maphunziro awiriwa ngati magawo awiri a kafukufuku umodzi. Ngakhale maphunziro onse awiriwa akunena kuti kusintha kwa zolaula sikunali kogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi la maganizo, maphunziro onsewa adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kogwirizana ndi thanzi labwino la maganizo. Zidule:

Komabe, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kudzidalira komanso zizindikiro za kupsinjika ndi nkhawa, ngakhale pakati pa akazi omwe ali achinyamata omwe ali m'gulu limodzi. Kuonjezera apo, kukhala ndi moyo wodzichepetsa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwowonongeka kwa ntchito zolaula, koma kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi.

N’chifukwa chiyani kafukufuku wa Štulhofer akuoneka kuti alibe mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, pomwe kuchuluka kwa kafukufukuyu kumabweretsa mavuto? Mwachitsanzo, tsamba lino lili ndi maphunziro opitilira 75 omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi thanzi la maganizo ndi malingaliro komanso zotsatira zoyipa zamaganizo. Ena mwa maphunzirowa ndi a nthawi yayitali ndipo ena anali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adachotsa zolaula kwa nthawi ndithu.

Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., & Kohut, T. (2019). Mphamvu ya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata ndi thanzi la maganizo: njira yokulira yobisika ya mafunde asanu ndi limodzi ndi njira yowonetsera chitsanzo cha kalasi yobisika. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-13. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi mamembala a Alliance Taylor Kohut ndi Alexander Štulhofer . Choyamba, detayi ikuphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wa Kohut & Štulhofer womwe uli pamwambapa, kotero titha kuwona maphunziro awiriwa ngati magawo awiri a kafukufuku mmodzi. Chachiwiri, zaka zapakati zinali 16 (Aku Croatia okha). Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse nthawi zambiri zimaonekera pambuyo pake (zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu). Chachitatu, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chidule cha Alliance sichinapeze zotsatira zazikulu:

"Kuyanjana kwakukulu kwakupezeka pakati pa achinyamata ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula"

"Ochepa kwambiri komanso atakhala ndi nkhawa apezeka pakati pa achinyamata omwe anenapo zochepetsa zolaula"

Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kunali kogwirizana ndi thanzi losauka la maganizo mwa akazi, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kunali kogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa mwa amuna. Zomwe Štulhofer & Kohut adapeza zikuyimira zomwe sizinali zachilendo, chifukwa maphunziro opitilira 75 amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi thanzi losauka la maganizo ndi zotsatira zoyipa za chidziwitso.

Peter, J., & Valkenburg, PM (2011) . Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula pa intaneti ndi zomwe zayamba kale: Kuyerekeza kwa achinyamata ndi akuluakulu kwa nthawi yayitali. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(5), 1015-1025. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: N’chifukwa chiyani pepalali lalembedwa? Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa, chifukwa si kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za zolaula. Kafukufuku wa ku Netherlands akunena kuti amuna akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kuposa amuna achinyamata, koma izi sizikugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena ambiri. Zaka za deta (kuyambira 2008), ndi kufufuza dziko laling'ono lokha, zitha kuwerengera zotsatira zachilendo. Kapena mwina achinyamata aku Dutch amatha kunama kwambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula. Zotsatira za 2008 sizikugwirizana ndi deta yaposachedwa - Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa achinyamata aku Australia zolaula ndi kugwirizana ndi machitidwe oopsa okhudzana ndi kugonana (2017) . Kafukufukuyu pa anthu aku Australia, azaka zapakati pa 15-29, adapeza kuti 100% ya amuna (82% ya akazi) adaonera zolaula. Komanso, 69% ya amuna ndi 23% ya akazi adaonera zolaula koyamba ali ndi zaka 13 kapena kuchepera. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti kuonera zolaula pafupipafupi kumagwirizana ndi mavuto azaumoyo wamaganizo.

Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2014). Kugwirizana pakati pa achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula ndi makanema a nyimbo komanso khalidwe lawo lotumizirana zithunzi zolaula. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(12), 772-778 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Monga momwe chidule cha Alliance chinanenera, " Makhalidwe otumizirana zithunzi zolaula anali okhudzana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, poyang'anira zaka, jenda, sukulu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. "

Mafilimu kapena chiwerewere

Nkhani/Zoona : Vuto la Okana: chochita ndi maphunziro ambiri omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatirapo zoipa zambiri ? Popeza Okana anali ndi mwayi wongopereka maphunziro ndi malingaliro okayikitsa ambiri, adapanga njira yatsopano yothandizira kampeni yawo ya agnotology: kunena kuti mavuto onse a zolaula ndi maliseche. (Mukuti chiyani ?)

Mu 2016, ena mwa a Deniers (Ley & Prause) anakhala akatswiri oyamba kuyesa kutsimikizira dziko lonse kuti kudziseweretsa maliseche, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ndiko kunayambitsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu osakwanitsa zaka 40 omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana . "Kufunika" kwa mfundo yolankhula molimba mtima imeneyi kuli m'kuthekera kwake kuyambitsa kukayikira m'maganizo mwa anthu za zoopsa za zolaula. Ndi zosokoneza zodabwitsa kuchokera ku umboni wonse wosonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso zolaula pa intaneti zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto.

Komabe, palibe maphunziro omwe a Deniers amatchulapo, kupatula chimodzi chokha, omwe samapereka chithandizo chochepa kwambiri cha hering'i yawo yofiira. Kupatula apo, pepala lolembedwa ndi katswiri wamagulu a anthu SL Perry, lomwe linalibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza kuseweretsa maliseche, sizongopeka chabe - monga tafotokozera pansipa.

Akatswiri enieni a zachiwerewere sanena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumayambitsa ED ya achinyamata. Ndithudi akatswiri a urology, omwe ndi akatswiri otsogola pa thanzi la kugonana kwa amuna, satero. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, palibe aliyense m'mbiri ya zachiwerewere zamakono (kupatula akatswiri ochepa odziletsa awa) amene adanenapo kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kopanda zolaula ndi chifukwa cha mavuto monga kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa erectile mwa anyamata. Zoonadi, kuseweretsa maliseche kwakhala kopindulitsa kwa zaka zambiri. Malinga ndi thupi, kodi kusangalala ndi kugonana kwabwino kungafotokoze bwanji kusintha kwa ma tempuleti ogonana a ogwiritsa ntchito ena omwe ndi ozama kwambiri kotero kuti kukumana ndi okondedwa enieni sikukudzutsanso? ​​Kodi zingathandize bwanji kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri komwe anyamata ena akunena atasiya zolaula? Kodi kuseweretsa maliseche kumafotokoza bwanji maphunziro opitilira 70 omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti achepetse kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso ubale (kuphatikiza maphunziro 7 a nthawi yayitali)?

Ngakhale kuti otsutsa sakumvetsa bwino momwe maliseche angapangire ED yosatha mwa anyamata athanzi, mfundo yokhayo yomveka bwino ndi yakuti akunena kuti maliseche akuyambitsa kuvulala kwambiri kotero kuti ovulalawo sangathe kufika poima. Vuto ndilakuti, kuvulala kotereku ndi mtundu wa ED yachilengedwe (yomwe imapezedwa mosavuta ndi opereka chithandizo chamankhwala). Ngakhale pali maphunziro osiyanasiyana omwe akusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa ED mwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 , palibe kafukufuku amene akusonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minofu ndiko komwe kumayambitsa kukwera kwakukulu kumeneku. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, amuna ambiri omwe ali ndi ED yoyambitsidwa ndi zolaula amatha kufika poima ndikuchita maliseche mpaka kufika pachimake ... bola ngati akuonera zolaula pa intaneti.

Mwachidule, mavuto achilengedwe kapena amisala omwe alibe, kutopa ndi chilakolako chogonana si mavuto kwa achinyamata omwe amaseweretsa maliseche pokhapokha ngati akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti. Mawu a Deniers' Alliance akuti: "Sizingakhale zolaula .... chilichonse koma zolaula."

Ponena za mapepala a Alliance, pepala limodzi lokha limayesa kufufuza ngati "ndi zolaula kapena maliseche", ndipo limalephera kutero chifukwa linalibe deta yodalirika yokhudza kuchuluka kwa maliseche ( Perry, 2019 ). Mapepala onse otsala a Alliance alibe chochita ndi mutu womwe ukunenedwa kuti ndi gawoli: "kodi zolaula kapena maliseche ndi zomwe zanenedwa kuti ndi zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zanenedwa?". RealYBOP ikuyembekeza kuti palibe amene amayang'ana ntchito yake. Tinatero.

Mapepala a Mgwirizano :

Carvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015) . Kuseweretsa maliseche ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi chilakolako chocheperako chogonana: Kodi ndi ntchito zingati zoseweretsa maliseche?. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 41(6), 626-635. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer . Kuchuluka kwa mawu. Sikunena chilichonse chokhudza ngati ndi "kuseweretsa maliseche kapena mafilimu" (ngati kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuseweretsa maliseche kungalekanitsidwe modalirika m'maphunziro omwe amangokumbukira). Maphunziro okhawo omwe amatsatira ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe amapewa zolaula pakapita nthawi ndi omwe angayambe kuwunika zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za kuseweretsa maliseche ndi zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kunali kogwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso kusakondana kwenikweni. Zidutswa kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:

Pakati pa amuna omwe ankadziseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi, 70% ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kamodzi pa sabata . Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi anthu ambiri anasonyeza kuti kutopa ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi, komanso kusakondana kwambiri ndi amuna ena kunawonjezera mwayi woti amuna omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana azidziseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi anali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana.

Pakati pa amuna [omwe ali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana] omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kamodzi pa sabata [mu 2011], 26.1% adanena kuti sanathe kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, 26.7% ya amuna adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula kunakhudza kwambiri kugonana kwawo ndi okondedwa awo ndipo 21.1% adati anayesa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Owa - opitilira 25% adati zolaula zidasokoneza miyoyo yawo yogonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso kusungulumwa ndi omwe amagonana nawo. Simunapeze timadziti tating'onoting'ono pachidule cha Alliance.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NM (2008). Zomwe mumadziona nokha zakumwa zolaula. Zosungidwa zakale zakugonana, 37 (4), 614-625.

Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa mawu. Sikunena chilichonse chokhudza ngati ndi "kuseweretsa maliseche kapena mafilimu". Kafukufukuyu adatchedwa Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES). Monga tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi ya YBOP ndi pulofesa wa zamaganizo, kafukufuku wopanga PCES akhoza kukhala kafukufuku woopsa kwambiri wa zolaula womwe udafalitsidwapo (Hald & Malamuth, 2008).

Mafunso a PCES apangidwa ndi kupatsidwa miyeso kotero kuti munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri, phindu lake limakhala lalikulu. Ndipotu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kusagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudza moyo wanu molingana ndi chida ichi. Izi sizokokomeza chifukwa maphunziro ambiri ochokera ku PCES amatsiriza zimenezo ! Kanema wowunikira wa mphindi 7 wa PCES uwu ukuwonetsa zotsatira zazikulu za Hald & Malamuth kuchokera ku zomwe pulofesa wa zamaganizo wokhumudwayo adazitcha " maloto oopsa a maganizo ":

• Kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi nthawi zonse kunali kopindulitsa - ndi zochepa, ngati zilizonse, zosokoneza, kwa aliyense.
• Kuwonetsa zolaula kwambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamoyo wanu. Mwachidule, "Kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino."
• Kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe mumakonda kwambiri kugonana, momwe mumakhulupirira kuti amaimira kugonana kwenikweni, ndipo mumakhala ndi maliseche kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo wanu.

Ma PCES nthawi zonse amafotokoza ubwino chifukwa:

1. Hald & Malamuth mwachisawawa adasankha zomwe "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa" zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo "kuwonjezera pazidziwitso zanu zakugonana kumatako" kumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse, pomwe "kuchepetsa malingaliro anu ogonana" kumakhala koyipa nthawi zonse.
2. PCES imapereka kulemera kofanana kwa mafunso omwe samafufuza zotsatira zofanana. Mwachitsanzo "Wonjezerani zomwe mumadziwa zokhudza kugonana kwa abambo?"Akhoza kuchotsa"Kodi zatsogolera mavuto ku moyo wanu wa kugonana?"Kaya mukuganiza kuti zotsatira zenizeni ndi zotsatira zabwino, sizili ngati zofanana ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito (kuthetsa ntchito, kusudzulana), kapena mavuto mu moyo wanu wa kugonana (erectile dys function, no sex drive).

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ukwati wanu ukhoza kusokonekera ndipo mutha kukhala ndi vuto la ED losatha, koma chiwerengero chanu cha PCES chingasonyezebe kuti zolaula zakhala zabwino kwa inu. Monga momwe wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula wina yemwe akuchira adanena atawona mafunso 47 a PCES : " Inde, ndasiya maphunziro anga ku yunivesite, ndakhala ndi mavuto ndi zizolowezi zina, sindinakhalepo ndi chibwenzi, ndataya anzanga, ndalowa m'ngongole, ndidakali ndi ED ndipo sindinagonepo ndi kugonana m'moyo weniweni. Koma osachepera ndikudziwa za osewera onse azithunzi zolaula ndipo ndili ndi luso pa maudindo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake inde, kwenikweni zolaula zandithandiza kwambiri moyo wanga."

Baćak a, V., & Štulhofer, A. (2011). Kuseweretsa maliseche pakati pa atsikana ogonana ku Croatia: Kugwiritsa ntchito mayanjano ndi chipembedzo komanso zolaula. International Journal of Sexual Health, 23(4), 248-257. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Alexander Stulhofer . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa. Kafukufukuyu sakunena chilichonse chokhudza ngati ndi "kuseweretsa maliseche kapena mafilimu". Alliance inali yolondola mu chidule chawo:

60% ya amayi omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi akunena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche. Zithunzi zolaula zinali zamphamvu kwambiri, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi maliseche.

Kodi izi zikuti chiyani ngati "zolaula kapena maliseche" ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osangalala? Palibe.

Hald, GM (2006). Kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa achinyamata achikulire aku Denmark omwe ali ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zolemba zakale za khalidwe logonana, 35(5), 577-585. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa. Apanso, kafukufukuyu sakunena chilichonse chokhudza ngati ndi "kuseweretsa maliseche kapena mafilimu". Alliance inali yolondola, chifukwa m'zaka zoyambirira zomwe anthu ankaonera zolaula zinali zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pamene anthu omwe adakumana ndi izi adakula:

Poyerekeza ndi akazi, amuna amatha kuona zolaula ali aang'ono, amadya zolaula monga momwe zimayendera nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri pa nthawi yogonana okha.

Zotsatirazi zikhoza kutanthauziridwa mosavuta ngati kutulukira koyambirira koyambitsidwa kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha chizoloŵezi, kapena kuledzeretsa.

Ley, D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014). Mfumu ilibe zovala: Kuwunikanso chitsanzo cha 'chizolowezi cha zolaula'. Malipoti a zaumoyo wogonana apano, 6(2), 94-105. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Clark, CA, & Wiederman, MW (2000). Jenda ndi momwe zimachitikira ndi maliseche ongoganiziridwa a mnzanu wa pachibwenzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulirana zogonana. Journal of Sex Research, 37(2), 133-141. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa - popeza pepalali silikugwirizana ndi funso lomwe likuganiziridwa kuti ndi loti: " kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche? " Komabe, chidule cha Alliance chinapotoza zomwe zapezeka. Kuchokera ku chidule:

Poyerekeza ndi amuna, akazi anasonyeza kuti ali ndi malingaliro oipa kwambiri okhudza khalidwe logonana la mnzawo yekha. Kwa amuna ndi akazi, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogonana kwa mnzawo kunali koipa kwambiri kuposa kudziseweretsa maliseche kwa mnzawo . Ponena za maudindo, panali kusiyana pankhani ya chikhulupiriro chokhutiritsa mnzawo. Oyankha anali ndi mwayi wowona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogonana kwa mnzawo m'malo modziseweretsa maliseche ndi chizindikiro cha kusakhutira ndi mnzawo woyamba kapena ubale wogonana.

Mwachidule, abambo ndi amai adakhala ndi malingaliro okhumudwitsa okhudzana ndi zolaula za anzawo kusiyana ndi kuseweretsa maliseche.

Miller, DJ, McBain, KA, Li, WW, & Raggatt, PT (2019). Zithunzi zolaula, kukonda kugonana konga zolaula, kudziseweretsa maliseche, ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa amuna pa kugonana ndi ubale. Ubale Waumwini, 26(1), 93-113 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Apanso, Alliance yasiya zomwe zapezeka zosasangalatsa. Pepalali lili ndi mfundo yokayikitsa yokhudza kuwunika kokayikitsa kwa ' kukonda kugonana konga zolaula,' ndikuchepetsa zomwe zapezeka: Maphunziro onse awiri (osati phunziro lachiwiri lokha) adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso ubale . Pepalali likuyesera kunena kuti maliseche, osati zolaula, ndi omwe amachititsa kusakhutira ndi ubale, koma palibe njira yovomerezeka yopezera maliseche kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zidutswa:

"Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana, kukonda kwambiri zolaula, komanso kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi m'maphunziro onsewa. Zithunzi zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kusakhutira ndiubwenzi mu Phunziro 2 lokha. ” [kwenikweni onse anali maphunziro]

Kafukufukuyu akunena zabodza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira ndi ubale mu phunziro lachiwiri lokha . Onani matebulo ophunzirira kuti mudziwe zoona zake . Miller et al., 2019 yaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa maphunziro opitilira 70 a YBOP omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana komanso ubale.

Prause, N. (2019). Zolaula Ndi Zokhudza Kudziseweretsa. Zakale za Khalidwe Logonana, 1-7 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi membala wa Alliance Nicole Prause . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa, chifukwa si kafukufuku. Ndi nkhani ya malingaliro yokhala ndi zosonkhanitsa zodziwika bwino za maphunziro osankhidwa bwino komanso zonena zosathandizidwa kapena zabodza. Monga momwe zilili ndi malingaliro ena onse a a Deniers, ndemanga ya Prause imasiya umboni wochuluka wotsutsana ndi mfundo zake zolankhulirana. Ndemanga ya Prause ndi kuyesa kosatsutsika kotsutsa zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri zomwe zimathandizidwa bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Prause imalimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikopindulitsa ... kwa aliyense ... pa msinkhu uliwonse. Kupatula pa mfundo zoti zolaula ndizotetezeka kwa ana (pansipa), ndemanga ya Prause ndi nkhani yongopeka kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu zoyambirira za Prause, zomwe YBOP yatsutsa:

1. Pofufuza za pafupifupi mfundo iliyonse yolankhulana komanso kuphunzira phokoso la Prause, Kohut ndi Ley nthawi zonse, onani zolembazi zazikulu za chidutswa cha 2018 chofalitsidwa mu SLATE magazini: Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause.
2. Kuti mupeze ndemanga zotsutsa mu liwu la Prause la mawu a 240 Lancet onani yankho lalikululi: Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana monga addictive"(Prause et al., 2017).
3. YBOP yayamba kale kutchula zambiri za maphunziro a chitumbuwa, omwe sakhala oyenera, komanso osayenerera, poyankhidwa ku Prague ya 2016 "Letter to the editor": Chigamulo cha: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za " (2016)

Ndemanga iyi ikuyang'ana maphunziro osankhidwa bwino komanso zonena zosathandizidwa zomwe sizikupezeka mu ndemanga zomwe zili pamwambapa: Kutsutsa kwa "Zolaula Ndi Zokhudza Kudzisangalatsa" kwa Nicole Prause (2019).

Perry, SL (2019) . Kodi kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chisangalalo cha ubale kumakhudza kwambiri kudziseweretsa maliseche? Zotsatira kuchokera ku kafukufuku wadziko lonse. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Ndi membala wa Alliance Samuel Perry . Wofufuza zachipembedzo Perry adasindikiza kusanthula kwachidule kwa deta yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu imodzi mwa maphunziro ake akale a zolaula . Pambuyo pa "kuyerekezera" kwapamwamba kwa ziwerengero, Perry adati kuseweretsa maliseche, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndiye chifukwa chenicheni cha chisangalalo muubwenzi. Mpata waukulu mu kusanthula kwatsopano kwa Perry ndi kusowa kwa deta yeniyeni komanso yodalirika yokhudza kuchuluka kwa kuseweretsa maliseche, popeza adafunsa kuti " Kodi mudamaliza liti kuseweretsa maliseche ?" Popanda deta yolimba yokhudza kuchuluka kwa kuseweretsa maliseche, zomwe akunena ndi zongopeka chabe. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa Perry:

Mazochita Odziseweretsa. NFSS ndi RIA onse amafunsa mafunso awiri ofanana okhudza kudziseweretsa maliseche omwe wolembayo adawaphatikiza muyeso umodzi wodziseweretsa maliseche pa kafukufuku onse awiri. Ophunzirawo adafunsidwa koyamba ngati adadziseweretsa maliseche (Inde kapena Ayi). Amene adayankha kuti adadziseweretsa maliseche adafunsidwa kuti, “ Kodi mudadziseweretsa maliseche liti komaliza ?” Mayankho anali kuyambira 1 = lero mpaka 9 = chaka chapitacho.

Perry akupitiriza:

"Ngakhale funso ili silikufunsa zafupipafupi ... .."

Palibe vuto. Komabe Perry, Prause, Ley, Grubbs ndi ena tsopano akupereka malingaliro odabwitsa kutengera kafukufukuyu wokha, kudalira zambiri zokayikitsa izi. Makina ofalitsa nkhani a Alliance akuwoneka bwino kwambiri pankhani yowunikiranso kwa Perry. Zonena za Perry zikutsutsidwa ndi maphunziro opitilira 70 omwe amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti achepetse kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso ubale - ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Perry womwe umagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri ndi chisangalalo chochepa muubwenzi. Ndizoona, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kunalumikizidwa ndi chisangalalo chochepa muubwenzi m'masampulo onse a Perry (A & B):

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Zomwe Perry amanena kuti akhoza kupasula magulu opanga maulamuliro pogwiritsa ntchito maliseche sangathe kuchitidwa mozama - makamaka popeza analibe deta yolondola yokhudzana ndi maliseche.

Walton, MT, Lykins, AD, & Bhullar, N. (2016). Kugonana ndi anthu ambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zogonana: Zotsatira zake pomvetsetsa kugonana kwambiri. Zolemba zakale za khalidwe logonana, 45(4), 777-782 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Si kafukufuku weniweni. Pepalali likusanthulanso deta yakale yochokera kwa membala wa Denier Alliance, James Cantor . Pepalali linanena kuti chilakolako chogonana (zilakolako, kumva chilakolako) chikugwirizana ndi zochita zogonana. Zodabwitsa. Kuchokera mu gawo la zokambirana:

Choncho, kukakamiza kugonana kungakhale kolimbikitsana kawirikawiri kusiyana ndi deta kuchokera kuzinthu zodzipangitsa kugonana, monga HBI.

Pepalali silikugwirizana ndi funso lomwe likunenedwa kuti ndi loti: “ kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche? ” Komabe, zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kuti ena omwe amapeza bwino mafunso okhudza “kugonana kwambiri” sakufuna kwenikweni kugonana kwenikweni:

Ngakhale zotsatira zikutanthauza kuti kukwatira kugonana kungakhale koyambitsa kugonana mobwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi kugonana, kutanthauzira deta kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chiwerewere chodziwika kuti chimagwirizanitsa chiwerewere chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri.

Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula amakumana nazo, omwe sakhudzidwa ndi anzawo enieni. Zimatsutsanso mfundo yosachirikizidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu chogonana" chimafotokoza za chizolowezi chogonana kapena zolaula ( monga momwe kafukufuku osachepera 25 amachitira zabodza ponena kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana ndi zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana" ).

van Rouen, JH, Slob, AK, Gianotten, WL, Dohle, GR, van Der Zon, ATM, Vreeburg, JTM, & Weber, RFA (1996). Chilakolako chogonana ndi ubwino wa umuna wopangidwa ndi maliseche. Kubereka kwa Anthu, 11(1), 147-151 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Pepalali silikugwirizana ndi funso lomwe likuganiziridwa kuti ndi loti: “ kodi ndi zolaula kapena maliseche? ” Komabe, zomwe zapezeka zikuchirikiza mfundo ya YBOP yakuti maliseche ndi mavidiyo olaula ndi olimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa maliseche m'malingaliro a munthu:

Maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri anaperekedwa chifukwa cha 'kumverera mosasuka / kumasuka', 'kugonana kwachiwerewere', 'khalidwe la erection', 'kuthamanga kwa chilakolako', 'kukhutira pambuyo pake', ndi 'kutseguka ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi VES (zolaula kanema)

Ndipotu nkhani ya YBOP ya 'Yambani Apa' imayamba ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa komanso wofanana pang'ono, womwe ukuwonetsa mphamvu yophatikizana ya zolaula zamakanema ndi zatsopano zogonana:

Izi zimatchedwa Coolidge effect —mayankho odziyimira pawokha kwa okwatirana atsopano. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, amuna amatulutsa umuna wambiri woyenda ndipo amachita izi mwachangu akamaonera nyenyezi yolaula. Yankho lamphamvu limeneli lodziyimira pawokha kuzinthu zatsopano zogonana ndilo linayambitsa kuti muyambe kuonera zolaula pa intaneti.

Malemba a RealYBOP apathengo amatsutsa malingaliro ovomerezeka a YBOP! Zikomo Kutaya. Mwa njira, maphunziro angapo amasonyeza mwachindunji momwe mafilimu oonera zolaula kapena zolaula pa intaneti ali osiyana kwambiri ndi zolaula zomwe zinachitika kale:

• Zigonana zogonana zimadzutsa njira zisanu zowonongeka (1988)
• Kugonana Kwamuna Kwachikazi Kunayikidwa ndi Mafilimu ndi Zopeka Mogwirizanitsa ndi Zinthu (1997)
• Kuzoloŵera kwa kugonana kwachikazi komwe kumadzutsa zithunzi ndi filimu (1995)
• Kugawidwa kwa Zowonongeka Pa Kuzoloŵera ndi Kukhumudwitsa Amuna Ogonana Amuna (1999)
• Khalidwe lachiwerewere ndi kuvomereza kugonana komwe kumayambitsa zokhudzana ndi kugonana (2004)
• Chidziwitso ndi Stimuli Zimapanga Mavuto a Akazi ndi Testosterone Mayankho Omwe Amasankhidwa Osowa (2015)
• Kusintha kwa kuyankhidwa kwa erectile kumakopeka mobwerezabwereza pogonana (1998)
• Kusintha kwa Kukula kwa Yankho la Yoyamba la Eyeblink Panthawi ya Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (2000)
• Kuzoloŵera ndi Kuonongeka kwa Kugonana Kwachikazi (1990)
• Kuzoloŵera ndi Kukhumudwitsa Amuna Ogonana Amuna (1993)
• Chizoloŵezi Chokhalitsa cha Kugonana kwa Anthu Amuna (1991)
• Kodi zolaula zonyansa zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman? (2013)
• Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mafilimu Panthawi Yoganizira Zogonana (2017)
• Zomwe zimakhudza kumizidwa pa malingaliro a zolaula: Kuphunzira kwenikweni (2018)
• Zotsatira za zowonongeka zogonana ndi 2D zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kukhalapo (2019)

Gawo lachiwerewere cha kugonana

Nkhani/Zoona : Mofanana ndi magawo ena, maphunziro angapo sakugwirizana ndi mutu wa gawoli (Ochita Zolakwira Zachiwerewere). Pokakamizidwa kuganiza molakwika, tiyenera kuganiza kuti Okana akuyesera "kunama" kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra, chiwawa, nkhanza zogonana, kuzunza, kapena kukakamiza kugonana. Ngakhale maphunziro akupereka zomwe zapezeka zosiyanasiyana, tikukambirana za kudalira kwambiri kwa Alliance pa maphunziro angapo osankhidwa mosamala. Timaperekanso maphunziro ambiri oyenera omwe Alliance idasiya dala. Nkhani ziwiri zaposachedwa zikufotokoza mfundo zambiri zoyankhulirana za Alliance:

• YBOP - Kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kukuwonjezeka, kotero samanyalanyaza zofalitsa zowonongeka (2018)
• FTND - Kodi Zolemba Zolaula Zimachepadi Phindu la Kugonana? (2018) (yolembedwa ndi pulofesa yemwe wasindikiza maphunziro ochuluka a zolaula)

Mwachidziwitso, Alliance ikufotokoza zochepa za maphunziro zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa maiko omwe akugwiriridwa kuti akugwiriridwa ndi kusintha kwa kupezeka kwa zolaula. Pofotokoza maphunziro okhudza mayiko angapo osankhidwa, anthu osiyana ndi ena omwe amatsutsa amatsutsa kuti chiwawa chogonana chikuchepa poyera ngati zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta pakati pa anthu. Pansipa ife tikugwedeza mabowo mukulingalira uku.

#1 – Nanga bwanji zinthu zina? Kugwirizana sikugwirizana ndi chifukwa. Zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zikuchititsa kuti kugwiriridwa kuchepe m'maiko ena. Chinthu chodziwikiratu chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndichakuti mayiko otukuka akumana ndi kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu) m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochita ziwawa zogonana (12-34) pamene anthu akukalamba . Monga mukuonera pachithunzichi, ziwerengero za milandu yonse yachiwawa ku US zinafika pachimake cha mu 1990, kenako zinatsika mpaka cha m'ma 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chinayamba kukwera . Chofunika kudziwa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chinatsika kwambiri (mwa magulu a milandu) panthawiyi:

Kuchuluka kwa chiwawa chaukali kunaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu achikulire omwe anali okalamba, ndipo kuchepa kwapakati pa zaka zapakati pazochitika zachiwawa. Kusintha kumeneku kwachitika m'mitundu yambiri ya "dziko loyamba". Choyamba, kufalitsa kwa anthu a 1990 ndi zaka. Onani anthu mu zaka za 15-44.

Kenaka, kufalitsa kwa anthu a 2015 ndi zaka. Zindikirani kuchepa kwa magulu am'badwo omwe amakonda kwambiri kuchita zachiwawa, ndipo anthu okalamba amapanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu.

Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu pamwambapa kumatha kuchititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerewere (zomwe zimanenedwa "pa [X nambala] ya anthu"). Wofufuza Neil Malamuth adayankha pamndandanda waukulu wazakugonana pazolemba za Milton Diamond (zotchulidwa ndi Alliance ngati umboni wazodzinenera zawo):

The Aggregate Issue - Mwachidziwitso, zikuwoneka ngati zomveka bwino kuti "maziko" ovuta ndi omwe akuwoneka kuti akuchitika mu "dziko lenileni" (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwachiwawa) monga zachiwawa zapa media komanso / kapena zolaula zawonjezeka pazaka zambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti m'malo mwake, mavuto pakuyang'ana izi ndiabwino ndipo ndizosatheka kubwera pazifukwa zilizonse ndikumvetsetsa poyang'ana pazambiri. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mayanjano otsatirawa: Chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US komanso kuchuluka kwa umbanda.

Monga momwe zawululidwira m'nkhani yotsatirayi Pew: Chiwerengero cha Kupha Anthu Chachepa Pakati pa Zaka 20 Zapitazi (Pamene Ufulu Watsopano wa Mfuti Ukukula) pamene chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, chiwerengero cha kupha anthu chachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi angati a ife omwe ali okonzeka kunena kuti kupezeka kwa mfuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndipo kwathandizira kuchepetsa kupha anthu, monga momwe ena angaganizire mwachangu? Ine ndi Drew Kingston tikukambirana nkhaniyi mozama m'mawu awa: Mavuto ndi Deta Yonse ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyana kwa Munthu Payekha Pakafukufuku wa Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Nkhanza Zogonana (2010).

Deta yonse ya zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi upandu (monga ntchito yofunika ya Mickey Diamond) yapezeka, monga momwe ndikudziwira, ku Denmark ndi ku Japan kokha. M'maiko awiriwa, nthawi zambiri pakhala pali kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa milandu yodziwika bwino yokhudza nkhanza zogonana . Titha kuyembekezera kutengera deta imeneyo komanso magwero ena angapo a deta kuti m'maiko awa, pali amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochita nkhanza zogonana (mkati mwa chikhalidwe ndi m'mikhalidwe yosakhala yankhondo). Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zomwe Confluence Model yaneneratu, m'maiko otere tinganeneretu kuwonjezeka pang'ono kapena kusapezeka konse kwa nkhanza zogonana pamene kupezeka kwa zolaula kukuwonjezeka, monga momwe Diamond ndi anzake adanenera.

Kumbukirani, kuti amuna omwe taphunzira ku USA omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa sanawonetsere kukula kwina ngakhale ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Monga momwe ndayesera, monga momwe ndanenera poyamba, Marteni Hald ndi ine tinapeza kuti ngakhale ku Denmark, amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokwanira makamaka akuwonetsa malingaliro akuluakulu akuvomereza chiwawa kwa akazi ngati ntchito zonse zoyesedwa mu labata komanso " gulu "la padziko lapansi (onani buku la 2015). Ndikanakhala wokondwa kwambiri kuona chomwe chingachitike ngati kusintha kwakukulu kuchitika pakapezeka zolaula m'mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha amuna omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kugonana, kugonana, malingaliro ovomereza chiwawa kwa amayi, kuzunza akazi, ndi zina zotero. ).

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa milandu yodziwika sikungakhale kokha "komwe kumadalira" kuwunika (onani pansipa). Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa nkhanza kwa akazi ku Japan kuli kotsika kwambiri (ndipo zomwe ndakumana nazo zaka zambiri zapitazo pamene ndinkapita ku Japan zikusonyeza kuti akazi ankamva kuti ali otetezeka poyenda m'misewu usiku) kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa komwe kunalembedwapo tsiku limodzi kunali kwa amuna aku Japan (ku China mumzinda wa Nanking). Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe chitavomereza chiwawachi, nkhanza zomwe zingachitike zitha kuonekera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Japan komwe kulipo, zikuwoneka kuti pali zizindikiro zina za zomwe zingaganizidwe kuti ndi nkhanza zogonana komanso zochita zokhudzana ndi akazi (monga, m'chaka cha 2000, magalimoto apadera a sitima adayambitsidwa kuti akazi azitha kulimbana ndi kusaka kwa amuna (chikan).

Magazini ya "Variable Variable"

Monga ndanenera kale, Confluence Model imayang'ana kwambiri pa malingaliro ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana mwa amuna ambiri, makamaka ophunzira aku koleji. Pafupifupi palibe aliyense mwa omwe taphunzira omwe adaweruzidwapo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa milandu yodziwika sikuli kofunikira kwenikweni . Monga gawo la zokambirana za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chitsanzochi, tapereka lingaliro kwa zaka zambiri kuti pankhani ya anthu omwe aweruzidwa, chitsanzochi sichili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti ndi amuna otere "makhalidwe otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe" ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri.

Amuna omwe adatsutsidwa nthawi zambiri samakhala "akatswiri" koma amakhala ndi milandu yambiri. Njira zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa zofunikira zawo pakulosera kwa omwe amachita zachiwerewere, (kudana ndi azimayi, malingaliro omwe amathandizira kuchitira nkhanza azimayi, ndi zina zambiri) sanapezeke ngati olosera za zigawenga zodziwika bwino mderali.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza zogonana pakati pa ophunzira kungakhale kofunikira, sizikudziwika bwino ngati izi zawonjezeka kapena zachepa pazaka zambiri kapena ngati nkhaniyi yakhala ikusamalidwa kwambiri (ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizofunikira). Izi zikugwirizananso ndi "vuto lonse": Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zolaula kwawonjezeka kwambiri pazaka zambiri, nthawi yomweyo pakhala njira zambiri zochepetsera nkhanza zogonana ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso choyenera.

Pafupifupi yunivesite iliyonse mdziko muno tsopano yalamula kuti ophunzira onse oyamba kumene alowererepo, zomwe sizinali choncho zaka zapitazo. Poganiza kuti zinthu zina zomwe atolankhani amalimbikitsa zingathandize kuti anthu azikonda kwambiri zachiwawa, tingathe bwanji kusiyanitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso cha anthu pankhani ya nkhanza zogonana ndi zochitika zenizeni zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi?

Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu kumayendetsa (mu) kulondola kwa ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi zolakwa za kugonana.

#2 - Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa nthawi zambiri sikufotokozedwa mokwanira. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti milandu yogwiriridwa nthawi zonse imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale malipoti opita kwa apolisi angakhale olakwika kwambiri, monga momwe pepala ili lolembedwa ndi pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku US likunenera: Momwe Munganama ndi Ziwerengero za Kugwiriridwa: America's Hidden Rape Crisis (2014).

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopanoyi kuti ndidziwe ngati maboma ena alephera kupereka lipoti lenileni la madandaulo okhudza kugwiriridwa omwe adaperekedwa, ndapeza kuti kuwerengera kochepa kwambiri kwa milandu yogwiriridwa ndi madipatimenti apolisi mdziko lonselo. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 22% mwa madipatimenti apolisi 210 omwe adafufuzidwa omwe ali ndi udindo wosamalira anthu osachepera 100,000 ali ndi zolakwika zazikulu pa ziwerengero zawo za kugwiriridwa zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuwerengera kochepa kwambiri kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2012. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, chiwerengero cha madera omwe amawerengera ochepa chawonjezeka ndi oposa 61% m'zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zaphunziridwa.

Pokonza deta kuti achotse chiwerengero chochepa cha apolisi poganizira kuti deta kuchokera ku ziwerengero zokhudzana kwambiri za kupha, kafukufukuyu akuyerekeza kuti madandaulo 796,213 mpaka 1,145,309 okhudza kugwiriridwa mokakamiza kwa akazi omwe azunzidwa m'mimba mdziko lonselo adasowa m'mabuku ovomerezeka kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2012. Kuphatikiza apo, deta yolondola ikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yophunzirayi ikuphatikizapo ziwerengero khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zapamwamba kwambiri za kugwiriridwa kuyambira pomwe kutsata deta kunayamba mu 1930. M'malo mokumana ndi "kuchepa kwakukulu" kwa kugwiriridwa komwe kumanenedwa kwambiri, America ili pakati pa vuto lobisika la kugwiriridwa.

#3 – Mayiko ambiri anena kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chikukwera panthawi yomweyi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Spain ndi Norway akufotokoza zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikutsutsana ndi zomwe Diamond ananena (zonse zomwe Alliance yasiya):

• Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009) - Chidule: Pogwiritsira ntchito deta yolumikiza dera la Spain m'nthawi ya 1998-2006, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti pali kusintha pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula pa intaneti, pomwe zolaula zowonjezera pa intaneti zimayambitsa makhalidwe ena achiwerewere monga kugwiriridwa.
• Internet Broadband: Chidziŵitso Chokwanira Kugonana Kwachiwerewere? (2013) - Ndemanga: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumayambitsa umbanda? Timagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha Norway chakuphwanya malamulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti tipeze kuunika pa funso ili. Pulogalamu ya anthu yomwe ili ndi ndalama zopereŵera inayambitsanso zida zowonjezereka kwa 2000-2008, ndipo zimapereka kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana pa intaneti. Zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipoti onse, milandu ndi chigamulo cha kugwiriridwa ndi zolakwa zina zachiwerewere. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuwononga kwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu pa chiwerewere ndibwino komanso sikunyozeka, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kuwonongera kolaula.

Yang'anani tebulo ili la kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa ndipo muwona kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yapadziko lonse lapansi (zomwe zikusonyeza vuto la kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero zolondola). Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika ndichakuti, Diamond sanatchule mayiko ambiri "amakono" komwe kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwawonjezeka nthawi imodzi, monga Norway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Iceland, Italy, Argentina, Portugal, ndi zina zotero.

#4 - Chiwerengero cha milandu yokhudza kugonana chikukwera ku US ndi United Kingdom (anthu awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Pornhub). Malinga ndi ziwerengero zatsopano zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi FBI (onani chithunzi ), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa anthu 100,000) chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe ziwerengero zake zilipo). Ku UK, panali milandu yokhudza kugonana 138,045, yomwe idakwera ndi 23%, m'miyezi 12 isanafike Seputembala, 2017. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi:

• chiwerengero cha anthu chikapitirira zaka,
• Ma ED chifukwa amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40 adakwerandipo
• Chiwerengero cha chiwerewere chagonjetsedwa mofulumira, monga momwe ziliri chiwerengero cha chonde mu West.

#5 - Kafukufuku wofufuza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zolaula ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhanza zogonana, nkhanza, ndi kukakamiza. M'malo mofufuza mosakayikitsa kwambiri m'maiko ochepa osankhidwa, bwanji za kafukufuku wokhudza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adayang'anira zosintha zoyenera? Monga gawo lina lililonse la Alliance, ili silinatchule ndemanga zoyenera za mabuku ndi kusanthula kwa meta, kotero nazi zina. (Kumapeto kwa gawoli timaperekanso maphunziro ambiri omwe Alliance idasiya.)

Kusanthula kwa meta kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula II: Kukwiya pambuyo poonekera (1995) - Chidule:

Kufufuza meta ya maphunziro a 30, osindikizidwa 1971-1985, kuti aone zotsatira za kuonera zolaula pa khalidwe laukali pansi pa ma laboratory, poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi kugonana, msinkhu wa kupsa mtima, mtundu wa zolaula, chikhalidwe cha S, chikhalidwe cha nkhanza, ndi sing'anga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani).

Zotsatira zikusonyeza kuti maliseche azithunzi amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu zankhanza, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosonyeza zachiwerewere zopanda chiwawa kumawonjezera khalidwe lankhanza, komanso kuti zithunzi zachiwerewere zachiwawa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa TV zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita zachiwawa kwambiri kuposa zachiwerewere zopanda chiwawa . Palibe mtundu wina wa oyang'anira womwe unapanga zotsatira zofanana.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana: kodi pali zotsatira zodalirika ndipo kodi tingazimvetse? (2000) - Chidule:

Poyankha ndemanga zina zaposachedwa, (a) tisanthula mfundo ndi deta zomwe zaperekedwa mu ndemanga zimenezo, (b) kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka mu chidule cha metaanalytic cha kafukufuku woyesera ndi wachilengedwe, ndi (c) kuchita kusanthula kwa ziwerengero pa chitsanzo chachikulu choyimira. Masitepe onse atatuwa akuchirikiza kukhalapo kwa mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana, makamaka pa zolaula zachiwawa ndi/kapena amuna omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha nkhanza zogonana . Tikupereka lingaliro lakuti momwe amuna ankhanza amatanthauzira ndikuchita nawo zolaula zomwezo zitha kusiyana ndi za amuna osachita zachiwawa, malingaliro omwe amathandiza kuphatikiza kusanthula kwamakono ndi maphunziro poyerekeza ogwiririra ndi osagwiririra komanso kafukufuku wamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kusanthula kwa meta kwa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa zotsatira za zolaula (2000) - Chidule:

Kafukufuku wofufuza za 46 omwe adafalitsidwa adachitidwa kuti adziwe zotsatira za zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zochitika za kugonana, malingaliro okhudza maubwenzi apamtima, ndi malingaliro onena za kugwiriridwa. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa adachitidwa ku United States (39; 85%) ndipo adakhala kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1995, ndi 35% (n = 16) yofalitsidwa pakati pa 1990 ndi 1995, ndi 33% (n = 15) pakati pa 1978 ndi 1983. Kukula kwathunthu kwazithunzi za anthu a 12,323 ndi meta yowonetsera. Kukula kwa maonekedwe (d) kunawerengedwa pazomwe zimadalira zofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya maphunziro, zinali ndi kukula kwazithunzi za 12 kapena zazikulu, ndipo zinaphatikizapo gulu losiyana kapena loyerekeza.

Avereji ya ma d osalemera komanso olemera a kusagwirizana ndi kugonana (.68 ndi .65), kuchita zachiwerewere (.67 ndi .46), maubwenzi apamtima (.83 ndi .40), ndi nthano ya kugwiriridwa (.74 ndi .64) zimapereka umboni womveka bwino wotsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha chitukuko choipa akamaonera zolaula. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kafukufuku m'derali akhoza kupitirira funso loti kodi zolaula zimakhudza bwanji chiwawa komanso momwe mabanja amagwirira ntchito.

Kafufuzidwe ndi Zotsatira za Khalidwe Zogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula

Kwa Weaver (1993), kutsutsana kumachokera ku ziphunzitso zitatu za zotsatira zowonongeka ndi zolaula:

1. Chikhalidwe cha kugonana monga mtundu wa kuphunzira potengera chiphunzitso chomwe chimakhudzana ndi zomwe zakanidwa kale kapena zobisika (kumasula) - kuletsa, kudzimva wolakwa, malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana, zonse zomwe zitha kuthetsedwa mwa zolaula (Feshbach, 1955). 2 Kutchinsky (1991) anabwerezanso lingaliroli, nati kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiririra kunatsika pomwe zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta, monga chida chotetezera chomwe chimachepetsa zovuta zakugonana motero chimachepetsa milanduyi. Ngakhale zili zotsutsana, tanthauzo la izi ndikuti zolaula zimapereka mtundu wamaphunziro omwe, malinga ndi wolemba, amapangitsa ochita sewerowo.
   Ndizomveka chifukwa mfundo iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kumasulidwa kwa uhule ngati njira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiriridwa (McGowan, 2005; Vadas, 2005). Maganizo amenewa amanyoza ulemu waumunthu komanso tanthauzo la kukhala munthu. Chofunika ndikuti anthu sizinthu;
2. Kudetsedwa kwa munthu, mosiyana ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira, ndi zolaula zomwe ndizoyamba komanso chifaniziro cha amuna osadziwika bwino (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
3. Kusintha maganizo kudzera mu fano izo sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni. Mwachidule, zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ocheperako. Chifukwa chithunzicho sichinthu china koma zowonetsa zolaula, zobwerezabwereza komanso zosatheka, kuseweretsa maliseche ndi gawo la zosokoneza osati mbali ya zenizeni. Zosokoneza izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kosasintha kwa criminogenic. Kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kumam'khumudwitsa munthu posintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinthu zake momwe zimakhudzira chidwi (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Mwachidule, kafukufuku amene wachitika mpaka pano sanawonetse bwino mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, koma mfundo ndi yakuti ofufuza ambiri amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: Kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa munthuyo . Izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi Linz, Donnerstein ndi Penrod mu 1984, kenako Sapolsky chaka chomwecho, Kelley mu 1985, Marshall kenako Zillmann mu 1989, Cramer, McFarlane, Parker, Soeken, Silva, & Reel mu 1998, ndipo posachedwapa, Thornhill ndi Palmer mu 2001, ndi Apanovitch, Hobfoll ndi Salovey mu 2002. Potengera ntchito yawo, ofufuza onsewa adatsimikiza kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa ndipo kumatsogolera olakwira kuchepetsa chiwawa m'zochita zawo.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira nkhanza kwa akazi: kubwerezanso ubale mu maphunziro osayesa (2010) - Chidule:

Kusanthula kwa meta kunachitika kuti adziwe ngati maphunziro osayesa akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna ndi malingaliro awo othandizira chiwawa kwa akazi. Kusanthula kwa meta kunakonza mavuto ndi kusanthula kwa meta komwe kunafalitsidwa kale ndipo kunawonjezera zomwe zapezeka posachedwa. Mosiyana ndi kusanthula kwa meta koyambirira, zotsatira zaposachedwa zawonetsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa akazi m'maphunziro osayesa. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro oterewa adapezeka kuti akugwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachiwawa zogonana kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zopanda chiwawa, ngakhale ubale womalizawu udapezekanso kuti ndi wofunikira.

Phunziroli likukonza zomwe zimaoneka ngati zosokoneza maganizo m'mabuku owonetsa zolaula komanso malingaliro achiwawa powonetsera kuti zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuchokera ku maphunziro osaphunzira m'derali zikugwirizanadi ndi zomwe aphunzira anzawo akufufuza. Kupeza izi kuli ndi zofunikira pa mabuku onse owonetsa zolaula ndi nkhanza.

Kafukufuku amene wasanthula zolaula amatha kukhumudwitsa. Komabe, palibe ntchito iliyonse yomwe yayesa ngati zochitika zina zamakono zogonana zimakhudza kuphwanya malamulo. Powonjezereka, zotsatira zowonjezera zaziwonetserozi sizidziwika. Mfundo yophunzirira za chikhalidwe cha anthu imaneneratu kuti kuwonetsetsa kuyenera kukulirakulira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya retrospective longitudinal, timayesedwa koyamba ngati kuwonetsa nthawi yaunyamata kumakhudzana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi; Timayang'ananso ngati kukhala munthu wamkulu kumagwirizanitsa ndifupipafupi.

Zakafukufuku zimasonyeza kuti mitundu yambiri ya kuwonetseredwa kwa achinyamata komanso kuwonetsera kwathunthu kunkagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi. Kuwonetseredwa pamene munthu wachikulire kunayanjananso ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugonana kolakwira, koma zotsatira zinadalira "mtundu".

Kusanthula kwa Meta - Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zochitika Zenizeni za Nkhanza Zogonana mu Maphunziro a Anthu Onse (2015) . - Chidule:

Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku woyeserera kwapeza zotsatira pa khalidwe laukali ndi malingaliro. Kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro ankhanza m'maphunziro achilengedwe kwapezekanso. Komabe, palibe kusanthula kwa meta komwe kwayankha funso lomwe limalimbikitsa ntchito iyi: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi kuchita nkhanza zenizeni zogonana? Maphunziro 22 ochokera kumayiko 7 osiyanasiyana adawunikidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zogonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso a nthawi yayitali . Mabungwe anali olimba kwambiri pakulankhula kuposa nkhanza zogonana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zinali zofunika. Kachitidwe kazotsatira kambiri kakusonyeza kuti zomwe zili zachiwawa zitha kukhala chinthu chowonjezera.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Ndemanga ya Zaka 20 za Kafukufuku (2016) - Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kukonza kafukufuku wofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa m'magazini a Chingerezi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pankhani ya kufalikira, zoneneratu, ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa zolaula kumasiyana kwambiri. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna, omwe anali atakula kwambiri, omwe anali ofunafuna malingaliro, komanso anali ndi mabanja ofooka kapena ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro ogonana olekerera ndipo nthawi zambiri kunkalumikizidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zolimbana ndi kugonana. Zinkaonekanso kuti zikugwirizana ndi kuchitika kwa kugonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi machitidwe ogonana osakhazikika, komanso nkhanza zambiri zogonana, ponse paŵiri pochita ndi kuzunzidwa.

Kuneneratu Kubwera kwa Nkhanza Zogonana kwa Achinyamata (2017) - Chidule:

Pambuyo posintha makhalidwe omwe angakhale ndi mphamvu, kukumana ndi nkhanza za makolo ndi akazi komanso kukumana ndi zolaula zachiwawa zomwe zikuchitika panopa, zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kubuka kwa kugwiriridwa koyesedwa ndi SV, kupatulapo zolaula zachiwawa. Khalidwe lankhanza lomwe likuchitika panopa linakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhanza za SV kupatulapo kugwiriridwa. Kuzunzidwa kochitidwa nkhanza zogonana ndi kuzunzidwa kwamisala m'maubwenzi kunalinso kolosera za nkhanza za munthu woyamba, ngakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mu kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali wa dziko lonse wokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a SV pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana, zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa, makamaka zolemba za nkhanza pakati pa anthu zomwe zikutsatidwa ndi makolo ozunza m'mabanja a achinyamata komanso zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa.

Timatsimikiza ndi zolemba zina kuchokera kuzinthu zazikuluzikulu za kugonana zomwe zikufotokozera za zolaula komanso zolaula / zachiwawa. Monga momwe mudzaonera, wolembayo ndi wotsutsa kwambiri (komanso wofufuza za PhD).

Ndikuganiza kuti mawu onse omwe ndanena akuyimira nkhanza zogonana komanso zotsatira zina. Pakadali pano, kuwonjezera pa a) deta yolumikizana yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonetsedwa kwambiri kwa zolaula zokhudzana ndi mitundu yonse ya malingaliro ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso osagonana , tilinso ndi:

b) deta yoyesera yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kumawonjezera nkhanza zosakhudzana ndi kugonana mu labu (zinthu monga nkhanza zakuthupi, zakuthupi, kapena zamaganizo monga kupereka zida zamagetsi) (maphunziro 33 omwe adawunikidwa mu Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995 );

c) Deta yoyesera yosonyeza kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula imawonjezera malingaliro othandizira nkhanza zogonana (kuvomereza nkhanza pakati pa anthu, kuvomereza nthano zogwiririra, ndi machitidwe ozunza anthu pogonana) (maphunziro 16 adawunikidwa mu Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995 );

d) Umboni wautali wosonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula zambiri pa Time 1 kumalumikizidwa ndi zochita zambiri zachiwawa zogonana zenizeni pa Time 2 (maphunziro 5 omwe adawunikidwa mu Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), ngakhale atayang'anira zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze, kuphatikizapo nkhanza zogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi umboni wonsewu, ndizovuta komanso zopanda nzeru, m'malingaliro mwanga, kunena kuti kulumikizana kwenikweni pakati pa zolaula ndi nkhanza sikokwanira ndipo kulibe konse . Inde, kukayikira kuyenera kukhalapo, ndipo maphunziro ofufuza abwinoko ayenera kupitilizabe kuchitika, koma pakadali pano, ngati ndingakakamizidwe kubetcha, ndikananena kuti ndikadayika ndalama zanga pamenepo chifukwa cha zotsatira zina zoyipa za zolaula pa nkhanza zogonana, zomwe mwina zingakhale a) zochepa, b) gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndi c) zodziwika kwambiri pamitundu ina ya zolaula (zachiwawa) kuposa zina (zolaula zopanda chiwawa koma zachizolowezi) komanso zopanda mitundu ina ya zolaula (zachikazi, zachiwerewere).

Zachidziwikire, palibe deta yoyesera kapena ya nthawi yayitali yomwe ndi yoyenera kudziwa chifukwa chenicheni, koma tonse tikuwoneka kuti tikuvomerezana kuti imatanthauza kwambiri chifukwa pankhani ya madera ena a kafukufuku wa zamaganizo . Ndiwo miyezo yathu yagolide yokhazikitsira chifukwa cha zotsatira zamitundu yonse ya machitidwe. Nchifukwa chiyani timakayikira kwambiri pankhani ya gawo limodzi ili la kafukufuku? Chifukwa silikugwirizana ndi zilakolako zathu za zolaula kuti zisakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa? Pepani, koma ndimakonda zolaula monga momwe nonsenu mumachitira (ine ndimakondadi), koma sindingathe kulungamitsa kuwonetsa zolaula pamlingo wapamwamba chifukwa sindimakonda zomwe zapezeka . Izi ndi zomwe ndimatanthauza pamene ndimanena kuti kukana kapena kunyalanyaza zomwe zapezekazi kumatipangitsa kukhala akhungu komanso oganiza bwino za izo monga otsutsa zipolowe za zolaula….

… .. sindinatanthauze kutifananitsa ndi zolaula zokhudzana ndi momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zomwe zapezedwa komanso zomwe zingachitike pazochitika zenizeni zomwe timapeza. Zomwe ndimanena ndikuti monga momwe amachitira, tikuwoneka kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito zotsimikizira zolimba kuti tiwone zomwe tikufuna kuwona. Koma ponyalanyaza umboni womwe ukupitilizabe kukula, tikuchepetsa kukhulupirika kwathu ngati ofunafuna chowonadi, ndipo tikuchepetsa momwe malingaliro athu oletsa zolaula sizothetsera vuto pakukhazikitsa kusintha kwenikweni.

Mwa kutenga malire mopitilira muyeso (“palibe zolaula zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wina achite zachiwerewere kwa aliyense”) zomwe sizigwirizana ndi umboniwo, tikudzipangitsa kukhala osafunikira kwenikweni komanso kuthamangitsidwa motere monga momwe amatsenga amatengera. malo ena owonjezera ("zolaula zonse zimakulitsa chiwerewere mwa aliyense amene amazionera").

Apanso, musanditengere zolakwika: Ndimakonda zolaula, ndimazionera nthawi zonse, ndipo ndimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuletsa izi.

Kupita ku maphunziro omwe Alliance adawasankha mosamala, ndi zitsanzo zina zambiri za zomwe zasiya.

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Burton, DL, Leibowitz, GS, & Howard, A. (2010). Kuyerekeza ndi mtundu wa upandu wa achinyamata ochimwa pa kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula: Kusakhalapo kwa ubale pakati pa kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula ndi makhalidwe olakwira kugonana 1. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 6(3), 121-129. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance sichinapeze zotsatira zofunika kwambiri: kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kogwirizana ndi milandu yokhudza kugonana komanso yopanda kugonana. Kuchokera mu chidule:

Anthu ochitira nkhanza za kugonana adanena kuti anthu ambiri asanafike zaka 10 (zaka 10) komanso atatha kuonera zolaula kuposa anthu osachita nkhanza za kugonana. Komabe, kwa anthu ochitira nkhanza za kugonana, kuwonetsedwa sikukugwirizana ndi zaka zomwe ochitira nkhanzawo anayamba kuchitira nkhanza, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe anazunzidwa, kapena kuopsa kwa nkhanza zogonana. Kuwonetsedwa pang'ono kwa anthu asanafike zaka 10 sikunali kogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha ana omwe gululo linawachitira nkhanza za kugonana, ndipo kuwonetseredwa mwamphamvu sikunali kogwirizana ndi chilakolako chogwiriridwa kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito. Pomaliza, kuwonetsedwa kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi ziwerengero zonse za milandu yosachita chiwerewere mu kafukufukuyu.

Alliance ikuyembekeza kuti palibe amene awerenga phunziro lenileni.

Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Zithunzi zolaula ndi kugwiririra: Chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe? Umboni wochokera ku deta ya umbanda m'maiko anayi komwe zithunzi zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Deta isanagwiritsidwe ntchito pa intaneti kuyambira m'ma 1980. Monga momwe zilili ndi mayiko osankhidwa a Milton Diamond, izi zikuphatikizapo deta ya dziko lonse. Zafotokozedwa m'mawu oyamba.

Rasmussen, KR, & Kohut, T. (2019). Kodi kupezeka pamisonkhano yachipembedzo kumathandizira kuchepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro okhudza akazi? The Journal of Sex Research, 56(1), 38-49 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Taylor Kohut . Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa, popeza kafukufuku wake sagwirizana ndi kuphwanya malamulo okhudza kugonana. Monga maphunziro ena a Kohut (omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa), adasankha njira zowonetsetsa kuti akazi achipembedzo (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa) amapeza zochepa pa mtundu wake wa "malingaliro ofanana." Kohut adalemba " kufanana" ngati kokha :

1. Thandizo lochotsa mimba.
2. OSATI Kukhulupirira kuti moyo wa banja umakhalapo pamene mkazi ali ndi nthawi yeniyeni.

Kaya mumakhulupirira chiyani, n'zosavuta kuona kuti anthu achipembedzo angapindule kwambiri potsatira kuwunika kwa Taylor Kohut kwa magawo awiri a "egalitarianism".

Nayi mfundo yofunika: anthu osakhulupirira Mulungu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka, amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Posankha njira ziwiri izi zokha ndikunyalanyaza zinthu zina zosatha, Taylor Kohut ankadziwa kuti adzagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (zambiri mwa anthu osakhulupirira Mulungu) zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zomwe kafukufuku wake adasankha mwanzeru zomwe zimapanga " egalitarianism " (zochepa mwa anthu achipembedzo). Kenako Kohut anasankha dzina lomwe linapanga zonse.

Kristen N. Jozkowski, Tiffany L. Marcantonio, Kelley E. Rhoads, Sasha Canan, Mary E. Hunt & Malachi Willis (2019) Kusanthula Kwazomwe Zili Pa Chilolezo Chogonana ndi Kukana Kulankhulana mu Mafilimu Aakulu, The Journal of Sex Research, DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1595503 Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Zowonjezeranso zamtengo wapatali. Phunziroli silinena za zolaula. Palibe mafilimu osankhidwa omwe anali ndi X. Ndipotu ambiri anali PG-13. Chabwino, yesani, Alliance.

Mellor, E., & Duff, S. (2019). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi ubale pakati pa kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula ndi kuphwanya malamulo ogonana mwa amuna: Kuwunikanso mwadongosolo. Khalidwe Lankhanza ndi Zachiwawa . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance chinali cholondola kwambiri. Komabe, tikukayikira chisankho cha wolemba chongolandira mapepala 21 okha mwa mapepala 157 oyenera kuti awunikenso. Kukayikira kwathu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti palibe ndemanga ina ya mabuku yomwe imafika pamalingaliro omwewo. Kuphatikiza apo, mapepala ambiri mwa mapepala 21 osankhidwawo anali okhudza akuluakulu okhudza olakwira ana, osati mwana pa mwana, kapena wamkulu pa olakwira akuluakulu. Pothirira ndemanga pa kafukufuku wa Milton Diamond, wofufuza Neil Malamuth adati zotsatira za olakwira ana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za olakwira ana omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu:

Ndikoyenera kuganizira kuthekera kwakuti pakhoza kukhala "magulu ang'onoang'ono" osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi zisonkhezero zosiyana kwambiri (ndi zosiyana) za kuwonetsedwa, makamaka zokhudzana ndi zolaula za ana, monga momwe ntchito ya Mickey Diamond yanenera komanso kuthekera kwa zolaula zapaintaneti. Takambirana nkhaniyi m'nkhani yotsatirayi: Malamuth, N. & Huppin, M. (2007). Kujambula mzere pa zolaula zapaintaneti za ana: Kubweretsa lamulo mogwirizana ndi umboni wofufuza.

Mwachidule, meta-analaysis sanasiye maphunziro onse pa akuluakulu achigololo akuluakulu, zomwe zinayambitsa zotsatira zowonongeka.

Ferguson, CJ, & Hartley, RD (2009). Chisangalalo ndi cha kanthawi kochepa… ndalama zomwe zingawonongedwe?: Mphamvu ya zolaula pa kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa. Nkhanza ndi khalidwe lachiwawa, 14(5), 323-329. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance ndi cholondola - " Chiwerengero cha anthu ozunzidwa chifukwa cha kugwiriridwa ku United States chikuwonetsa ubale wosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa. Deta yochokera kumayiko ena yanena za ubale wofanana. " Komabe, kafukufukuyu amadalira deta yonse yokhudza kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula kuchokera kumayiko ochepa okha. Zolakwika zazikulu m'maphunziro amtunduwu zawunikidwa pamwambapa kumayambiriro, komwe kudakhudzanso kafukufuku wa Milton Diamond pansipa.

Zindikirani: Kwa zaka zambiri, Ferguson wakhala akutsutsa lingaliro la kuledzera pa intaneti, pomwe akuchita kampeni yolimba kuti Internet Gaming Disorder isalowe mu ICD-11. (Anataya imeneyo mu 2019 pamene World Health Organization inatenga ICD-11, koma kampeni yake ikupitirirabe m'mbali zambiri.) Ndipotu, Ferguson ndi Nicole Prause anali olemba nawo nkhani zazikulu zoyesa kunyoza kuledzera pa intaneti . (Zonena zawo zinatsutsidwa m'mapepala angapo ndi akatswiri, mu magazini ino ya Journal of Behavioral Addictions .)

Diamond, M., Jozifkova, E., & Weiss, P. (2011). Zithunzi zolaula ndi milandu yogonana ku Czech Republic. Zolemba zakale za khalidwe logonana, 40(5), 1037-1043 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance ndi cholondola: “ Nthawi yayitali yomwe kukhala ndi zithunzi zolaula za ana sikunali koletsedwa … kunawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zochitika za nkhanza zogonana ndi ana.” Nayi zomwe Malamuth adanena za kafukufuku wa Diamond pakukambirana pa mndandanda wa maphunziro okhudza kugonana (“Mwalemba” ndi wofunsa mafunso, yankho ndi Malamuth):

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi milandu yokhudza kugonana: Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti ali ndi lingaliro lakuti kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi wasonyeza kugwirizana kosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra. Sindikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoona konse. Ngati mupita patsamba la Milton Diamond mutha kuwona kuti deta ikalekanitsidwa pakati pa nkhanza zogonana ndi kugwiririra ana, ndizodziwikiratu kuti yachiwiriyo sinachepe (komanso sinachuluke) pamene zolaula zinayamba kupezeka . Kuphatikiza apo mutha kuwona kuti pali zitsanzo za mayiko komwe, pamakhala mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa awiriwa . Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani pamenepo yomwe ikusonyeza kuti,

"Papua New Guinea, ndi dziko lomwe limakonda kwambiri zolaula padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Google Trends. PNG ili ndi anthu ochepera 8 miliyoni ndipo anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti, koma ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amafufuza mawu oti "zolaula" ndi "zolaula" poyerekeza ndi anthu onse omwe amafufuza mdzikolo. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet adati amuna 59 pa 100 aliwonse ku PNG Autonomous Region ku Bougainville adagwiririra akazi awo ndipo 41 pa 100 aliwonse adagwiririra mkazi yemwe sanali mnzake.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuti mayiko khumi apamwamba omwe akusaka 'zolaula': Google Trends
1. Papua New Guinea
2. Zimbabwe
3. Kenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambia
6. Ethiopia
7. Malawi
8 Uganda
9. Fiji
10 Nigeria

Ndikuganiza kuti pakati pa maofesiwa palinso mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerewere chambiri komanso mitundu ina ya nkhanza kwa amayi. Chonde dziwani kuti sindikutsutsa kuti zolaula ndi "zoyambitsa" kapena "zoyambitsa" koma motsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala kuti padziko lonse lapansi kapena kwakanthawi kotalikirana komwe kwawonetsedwa pakati pazogonana ndi kugwiririra. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuchita kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana mwachikhalidwe ku bungweli atawongolera zowerengera pazowopsa za Confluence Model, makamaka Wankhanza Masculinity.

Ndikulosera kuti m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra (makamaka pakati pa amuna nthawi zambiri osati milandu yoweruzidwa) koma palibe kulumikizana kapena kosiyana m'maiko omwe muli amuna ochepa omwe ali zoopsa malinga ndi Model ya Confluence.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Pakati pa anthu, zolaula zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zolakwa za kugonana

YANKHO: Monga ndanenera kale, sindikukhulupirira kuti deta ya Diamond ndi yofanana nayo imasonyeza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa pankhani ya milandu yogonana. Monga momwe Diamond ndi anzake adanenera, detayo ikuwonetsa ubale wosiyana pakati pa kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana ndi ana. Palibe mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa . Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiriridwa ndi makhalidwe a ogwiririra ndi ogwirira ana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndipo siziyenera kuikidwa pamodzi . Kuphatikiza apo, detayo ndi yogwirizana pamlingo wa dziko lonse ndipo imafuna kusamala kwambiri za ubale womwe umayambitsa, chifukwa cha "vuto lonse" (Kingston & Malamuth, 2011).

Chomwe chingatheke ndi chidaliro ndichakuti m'maiko omwe aphunziridwa, palibe kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiririra pamene malamulo a zolaula asinthidwa kuti alole kuti zolaula zipezeke kwambiri. Komanso, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zikuwoneka kuti mayiko onse omwe aphunziridwa ndi Diamond ndi anzawo akuwoneka kuti ndi omwe angakhale ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chochita zachiwawa zogonana . Sindinayang'anepo kale ku Croatia, koma kufufuza mwachangu pa google kukuwonetsa kuti 94% sakugwirizana ndi mawu akuti akazi ayenera kulekerera chiwawa kuti banja likhale limodzi.

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUTI: Koma, pakati pa anthu omwe akupezekapo kumeneko anthu amatha kuona zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerewere chiwone chiopsezo chogonana, chifukwa cha zifukwa zoopsa

YANKHO: likugwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe mudalemba koma linalembedwa mosiyana pang'ono: kwa amuna ambiri omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu pazifukwa "zofunikira" zoopsa, deta ikuwonetsa mwamphamvu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kwambiri" kungapangitse kuti anthu azikonda zachiwawa komanso azikonda kuchita zinthu zogonana.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Mabungwe omwe amalola kuti zolaula zizichita malonda, kuvomereza chiwerengero chochepa cha chiopsezo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti chiwonongeko chochulukirapo chiwonjezeke pa anthu ambiri

YANKHO: Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kusamala popanga zinthu zambiri zokhudza madera popanda kuganizira kusiyana kwa momwe zinthu zilili pakati pawo. Ndikuganiza kuti kusintha malamulo okhudza zolaula ku Saudi Arabia ndi Denmark kukanakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Komanso, ndikuganiza kuti kuyang'ana kwambiri milandu yokhudza kugonana, makamaka kugwiririra, kungakhale vuto . Mwachitsanzo, monga talembera kwina, Japan nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwa zitsanzo zazikulu za mayiko omwe zolaula zimapezeka kwambiri (kuphatikizapo zolaula "zachiwawa") ndipo kuchuluka kwa kugwiririra kuli kotsika kwambiri tsopano komanso m'mbiri.

Dziko la Japan ndi dziko lomwe lakhala ndi ziletso zolimbana ndi nkhanza za "mkati mwa gulu" kwa akazi. Komabe, taganizirani zina zomwe zingachitike : "Kuyenda m'sitima zodzaza anthu kwakhala vuto ku Japan: malinga ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Tokyo Metropolitan Police ndi East Japan Railway Company, awiri mwa atatu mwa okwera akazi azaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 adanena kuti adayenda m'sitima, ndipo ambiri adazunzidwa pafupipafupi." Pamene nkhanza kwa akazi zaloledwa, zakhala zapamwamba kwambiri (monga, onani Chang, *Kugwiriridwa kwa Nanking*,). Ngakhale sindikutsutsana ndi lingaliro lanu, sindikutsimikiza kuti tingafike pamfundo yotereyi pakadali pano.

Mwachidule, kudalira magawo awiri a chidziwitso cha dziko lonse (zomwe zanenedwa zachiwerewere ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula) kuchokera kumayiko ochepa (kwinaku mukunyalanyaza mazana ena), kuthandizira zonena kuti zolaula zambiri zimayambitsa zolakwa zochepa zakugonana, sizitanthauza kuwuluka pakati pa asayansi owona.

Goldstein, M., Kant, H., Judd, L., Rice, C., & Green, R. (1971). Zomwe zinachitikira ndi zolaula: Ogwiririra, ogona ana, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osintha kugonana, ndi olamulira. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1(1), 1-15 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kafukufuku wa 1971 pa amuna akuluakulu (mwina obadwa m'ma 1920-40) kuti awone zotsatira za "Makanema Ogonana" pa "osakhulupirika." Dziwani - kafukufukuyu adagawa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi osintha mtundu wa amuna ngati "osakhulupirika." Kafukufuku wambiri waposachedwa ( wolembedwa pansipa ), akuwonetsa zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kafukufuku wa 1971.

Hald, GM, & Malamuth, NN (2015). Zotsatira zoyesera zowonera zolaula: Zotsatira zochepetsera umunthu ndi zotsatira zoyambitsa chilakolako chogonana. Archives of sexual behavior, 44(1), 99-109 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kumachirikiza lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungayambitse malingaliro ogonana omwe amathandizira nkhanza kwa akazi pakati pa anthu ena. Chidule:

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhidwa mwapadera ya amuna ndi akazi achikulire a 200 a ku Danish ku kafukufuku wopangika, phunziroli linayang'ana zotsatira za khalidwe labwino (kuvomereza), kudula zithunzi zolaula, ndi kuyesa zolaula zosawonetsa zachiwerewere pamalingaliro ochirikiza chiwawa akazi (ASV).

Tapeza kuti kuvomereza kochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula zakale kunaneneratu za ASV. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsa zolaula mwachisawawa kunawonjezera ASV koma mwa amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi kuvomereza kochepa. Ubalewu unapezeka kuti umachokera kwambiri ku chilakolako chogonana ndi chilakolako chogonana chomwe chimatanthauza kuwunika kwa munthu payekha kuti akumva kusangalala ndi kugonana, wokonzeka kuchita zogonana , ndi/kapena malingaliro amthupi okhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Pogogomezera kufunika kwa kusiyana kwa anthu, zotsatira zake zinathandizira chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wa nkhanza zogonana ndi mabuku ofalitsa nkhani okhudza kukhudzidwa ndi kugonana komanso zotsatira zake.

Chidziwitso: Amuna omwe ali ndi "zovomerezeka" akhoza kuyimira kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Bauserman, R. (1996). Nkhanza zogonana ndi zolaula: Kuwunikanso kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubale. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18(4), 405-427. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: A Alliance sanatchule chiganizo chofunikira kuchokera mu chidule chawo (chalembedwa pansipa):

Anthu ochita zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi zithunzi zolaula akadali ana kapena achinyamata, poyerekeza ndi anthu osachita zachiwerewere. Komabe, ochepa mwa anthu ochita zachiwerewere amanena kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa milandu yawo . Zomwe zapezeka zikugwirizana ndi momwe anthu amaphunzirira za zolaula, koma osati ndi lingaliro lakuti zinthu zolaula nthawi zambiri zimathandizira mwachindunji ku milandu yogonana. Khama lochepetsa milandu yogonana liyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri mitundu ya zochitika ndi mbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ambiri ochita zachiwerewere.

Zambiri zafukufuku zasindikizidwa m'zaka zapitazi za 25 zomwe zimalongosola zizindikiro pakati pa kugonana ndi kugonana.

Gawo la LGBT

Nkhani/Zoona : Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake gawoli lilipo. Maphunziro apa sakunena chilichonse chonama. Gawoli likhoza kuonedwa ngati chitsanzo china cha kusankha kwa RealYBOP, chifukwa maphunziro ena ambiri amanena kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (CSBD) mwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kuchokera ku Udindo wa Malingaliro Olakwika mu Kugonana Kwambiri Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana Kwambiri ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Ogonana (2014) :

Kugonana kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi vuto lalikulu makamaka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi akazi ena ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chifukwa cha zinthu zapadera zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli pakati pa gululi, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto pakati pa anthu ochepa pa chitukuko ( Parsons, Grov, & Golub, 2012 ; Parsons et al., 2008 ) komanso ubale pakati pa kugonana kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso chiopsezo cha HIV ( Dodge et al., 2008 ; Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010 ). Kuwonjezera pa kukumana ndi mavuto osaneneka okhudzana ndi kugonana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ( Baum & Fishman, 1994 ; Missildine, Feldstein, Punzalan, & Parsons, 2005 ), amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakumana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kuti zikugwirizana ndi kugonana kwambiri komanso njira zosadziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo nkhanza zogonana ndi ana ( Purcell et al., 2007 ) komanso zinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa zokhudzana ndi tsankho la anthu komanso manyazi ( Muench & Parsons, 2004 ; Pincu, 1989 ).

Zinthu zovutitsa maganizozi zimaphatikizana ndi mavuto amisala, monga kugonana mopitirira muyeso, kuti apange gulu la zoopsa zogwirizana, kapena matenda opatsirana, zomwe zimawopseza thanzi la gulu ili la anthu ( Parsons et al., 2012 ; Stall et al., 2003 ). Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira zigawo zomwe zingathe kuchiritsidwa za chilichonse mwa zoopsazi kumatha kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi thanzi zomwe anthu ammudzimo akukumana nazo.

Kafukufuku wosankhidwa ndi Alliance yemwe sanawone zotsatira za zolaula pa wogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe sanafufuze maphunziro onse omwe adafufuza zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa anthu a LGBT (maphunziro otsatirawa adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira zoyipa):

Mauthenga Okhudza Kugonana Pa Intaneti, Kukhutitsidwa kwa Thupi, ndi Zoyembekeza za Anzanu Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna: Kafukufuku Wodziwika (2017) - Chidule:

Mafunso okonzedwa pang'ono adachitidwa ndi 16 MSM, omwe adafotokoza za mphamvu ya SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM. Amuna onse asanu ndi anayi omwe adakambirana nkhani zokhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa thupi ndi ziyembekezo za okondedwa awo adanena kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM idakhazikitsa ziyembekezo zapamwamba kwambiri kwa iwo eni ndi/kapena okondedwa awo omwe angakhale nawo.

Kuonera Nkhani Zokhudza Kugonana ndi Kugwirizana Kwake ndi Thanzi la Maganizo Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ku US (2017) - Zolemba Zina

Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) adanena kuti amawona zolaula zolaula (SEM) kusiyana ndi amuna amtundu uliwonse. Pali umboni wakuti kuyang'ana zambiri za SEM kungapangitse kukhala ndi maganizo oipa a thupi komanso kukhumudwa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku amene asanthula zochitika izi mofanana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri SEM kunali kogwirizana mwachindunji ndi malingaliro oipa a thupi komanso zizindikiro za kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa. Panalinso zotsatirapo zosalunjika za kugwiritsa ntchito SEM pa zizindikiro za kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa kudzera mu malingaliro a thupi . Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa SEM pa chithunzi cha thupi ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamodzi ndi gawo lomwe chithunzi cha thupi chimachita pa zotsatira za nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwa GBM.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwa amuna ocheperako: Kugwirizana ndi kusakhutira kwa thupi, zizindikiro za matenda a kudya, malingaliro okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma anabolic steroids ndi moyo wabwino (2017) - Zolemba:

Chitsanzo cha amuna osakwatirana a 2733 omwe amakhala ku Australia ndi New Zealand anamaliza kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti omwe anali ndi zochitika zolaula, kusakhutira thupi, kudya zakudya za matenda, matenda okhudza anabolic steroid komanso khalidwe labwino. Otsatsa onse (98.2%) adanena kuti zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito maola a 5.33 pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse.

Kufufuza kwa multivariate kunawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi minofu, mafuta m'thupi ndi kutalika; zizindikiro zambiri za matenda odya; malingaliro ambiri okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma anabolic steroids; komanso moyo wotsika.

Chitsanzo Cholamulira Zinthu Ziwiri - Udindo wa Kuletsa Kugonana & Chisangalalo Mu Chilakolako ndi Khalidwe Logonana (2007) - Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi asayansi a Kinsey Institute akufotokoza za kulumikizana pakati pa kuwonetsa zolaula ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako ndi kuchita zogonana. Mu kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pakompyuta, 50% ya anyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sanathe kudzuka kapena kuchita zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa koyambirira (zaka zapakati zinali 29). Ofufuza odabwa adapeza kuti vuto la kugonana kwa amuna linali,

"Zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimawonekera ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi zida zogonana."

Amuna omwe anali ndi vuto la kusowa maliseche anali atakhala nthawi yayitali m'mabala ndi m'mabafa komwe zolaula zinali " ponseponse ," komanso " kusewera nthawi zonse." Ofufuzawo anati:

" Kukambirana ndi anthuwa kunalimbitsa lingaliro lathu lakuti mwa ena mwa iwo kuwonetsa kwambiri chilakolako cha kugonana kumawoneka kuti kwapangitsa kuti anthu asamayankhe kwambiri za chilakolako cha kugonana cha "vanilla sex" komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zatsopano komanso zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi kufunikira kwa mitundu yeniyeni ya zolimbikitsa kuti tidzuke ."

Kumvetsetsa Umunthu ndi Njira Zochitira Zinthu Zokhudza Kufotokozera Kugonana Kwambiri mwa Amuna Omwe Amagonana ndi Amuna (2016) - Chidule:

Komanso, sitinapeze mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa sikelo ya CSBI Control ndi BIS-BAS. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kusowa kwa ulamuliro wokhudza khalidwe la kugonana kukugwirizana ndi kusonkhezera kugonana ndi njira zoletsa osati kuyambitsa khalidwe ndi njira zoletsa. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuthandizira kuganiza kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto la kugonana monga momwe Kafka adanenera. Komanso, sizikuwoneka kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso ndi chizindikiro cha chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana, koma kuti kumaphatikizapo kusonkhezera kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa ulamuliro woletsa, makamaka ponena za kuletsa chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimayembekezeredwa.

Kusangalala ndi Kugonana ndi Kulimbana ndi Mavuto Ovuta Kumadziwitsa Kukonda Kugonana pa Intaneti mwa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ( Laier et al. , 2015) - Kafukufuku wa zamaganizo adanenanso za zizindikiro za chizolowezi mwa amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (chilakolako chachikulu/kukhudzidwa) - Chidule:

Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuyesa njira imeneyi yolankhulirana ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mafunso omwe adafufuza zizindikiro za CA, kukhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo chogonana, zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito chilimbikitso, khalidwe lovuta la kugonana, zizindikiro zamaganizo, ndi machitidwe ogonana m'moyo weniweni komanso pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzirawo adawonera makanema olaula ndipo adawonetsa chilakolako chawo chogonana asanayambe komanso atawonetsa kanemayo. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa zizindikiro za CA [addiction] ndi zizindikiro za chilakolako chogonana ndi chisangalalo chogonana, kuthana ndi machitidwe ogonana, ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo.

CA sinalumikizidwe ndimakhalidwe ogonana osagwirizana ndi intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti sabata iliyonse. Kulimbana ndi zizolowezi zakugonana pang'ono kunathetsa ubale pakati pa kukondweretsedwa ndi kugonana ndi CA. Zotsatirazi zikufanana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa za amuna ndi akazi omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndipo zimakambidwa motsutsana ndi malingaliro aziphunzitso za CA, zomwe zimawunikira gawo lolimbikitsanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Kuvutika Maganizo, Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza, ndi Kuopsa Kogonana Pakati pa Achinyamata Ogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ku Mzinda: Kafukufuku wa Gulu la P18 (2016) - Chidule:

Achinyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (YMSM) ali ndi mwayi wambiri wokhumudwa ndikuchita zachiwerewere mosagwiritsa ntchito kondomu…. Tapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa CSB ndi kukhumudwa komanso pakati pa CSB komanso kuchuluka kwa machitidwe ogonana opanda chilolezo omwe afotokozedwa m'masiku 30 apitawa. Zotsatira za Multivariate zapeza kuti kupezeka kwa kukhumudwa konse ndi CSB kudathandizira kukweza chiwerewere pakati pa YMSM ya m'mizinda.

Zolankhulirana Zosonyeza Kugonana ndi Kugonana Kopanda Kondomu Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2017) - Chidule:

Amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) anena kuti amaonera kwambiri nkhani zolaula (SEM) kuposa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti SEM yosonyeza kugonana kwa ana osabadwa kumbuyo ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kuchita chiwerewere chopanda kondomu (CAS) motero kufalikira kwa HIV/STI pakati pa GBM….. panali kuyanjana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa SEM komwe kunadyedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa SEM yosabadwa kumbuyo komwe kunadyedwa pazotsatira zonse ziwiri, kotero kuti amuna omwe anena kuti amadya SEM pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa SEM yawo yosabadwa kumbuyo adanenanso za machitidwe oopsa kwambiri . Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa udindo womwe kubwerezabwereza komwe kukuwonetsedwa mu SEM kungathandize pakubwezeretsa machitidwe oopsa okhudzana ndi kugonana kwa GBM.

Kuwonetsedwa molakwika pa wailesi yakanema ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha kugonana pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi, ndi amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2018) - Chidule:

Kuchedwa kulikonse kwa chaka chimodzi pa msinkhu wa kugonana koyamba kwa SEM kunapangitsa kuti mwayi wogonana ndi munthu wopanda kondomu uchepe ndi 3% ngati munthu wamkulu . Kugwirizana kumeneku kunakhalabe kofunikira m'mitundu itatu yosiyana yomwe inkalamulira zaka zogonana, zaka zogonana ndi munthu, komanso zaka zomwe zilipo, motsatana. Kugwirizana kumeneku kunayendetsedwa ndi mafuko kotero kuti zotsatira zake zinali zolimba pakati pa amuna aku Latin America.

Mapeto: GBMSM omwe adakumana ndi SEM kale m'miyoyo yawo adanenanso kuti ali akuluakulu, anthu ambiri amakumana ndi SEM. Kukumana ndi SEM mu GBMSM ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa kugonana lomwe likufunika kafukufuku wowonjezereka.

Zolankhulirana zogonana pa intaneti komanso chiopsezo chogonana pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna ku United States (2014) - Chidule:

Phunziroli limaphatikizapo kufotokoza zolaula pa Intaneti pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) ku United States ndikufufuza mayanjano pakati pa kugonana kosalephereka (UAI) ku SEOM ndikugwira nawo ntchito ku UAI ndi serodiscordant UAI.

M'miyezi itatu isanafike nthawi yofunsidwa mafunso, amuna opitilira theka (57%) adanena kuti adaonera SEOM kamodzi kapena kuposerapo patsiku ndipo pafupifupi theka (45%) adanenanso kuti osachepera theka la SEOM yomwe adawonera ikuwonetsedwa ngati UAI. Poyerekeza ndi omwe adalemba kuti 0-24% ya SEOM yomwe adawona idawonetsa UAI, omwe adalemba kuti 25-49, 50-74, kapena 75-100% ya SEOM yomwe adawona ikuwonetsedwa ngati UAI anali ndi mwayi wokulirakulira wochita UAI ndi serodiscordant UAI m'miyezi itatu yapitayi. Popeza SEOM yakhala yofala kwambiri komanso yopezeka mosavuta, kafukufuku ayenera kuwunika ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kumwa SEOM ndi kutenga chiopsezo chogonana pakati pa MSM komanso njira zogwiritsira ntchito SEOM popewa HIV.

Ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi machitidwe ogonana pakati pa amuna omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2010) - Chidule:

Zotsatira: Nthawi yomwe munthu amathera akuonera zolaula imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi amuna ambiri ogonana nawo komanso kugonana ndi munthu wosadziteteza. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuchepa kwa malingaliro okhudza chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV kunapezeka kuti kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi nthawi yambiri yomwe amathera akuonera zolaula.

Mapeto: Kafukufuku wofufuzayu ndi watsopano chifukwa akuwonetsa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kuonera zolaula ndi kutenga chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo m'derali ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kumvetsetsa momwe zomwe zili mu zolaula; makamaka, kuonera zolaula zosatetezedwa komanso zotetezedwa, zingakhudzire khalidwe lotenga chiopsezo chogonana.

Kuonera zolaula zomwe zikuwonetsa kugonana kosadziteteza ku matako: kodi pali zotsatirapo pa kupewa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna? (2012) - Chidule:

Kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa anthu 751 omwe adapereka deta yokhudza kuonera zolaula kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mwayi wokhala ndi UAI yolandirira, UAI yolowetsa, komanso UAI yolandirira komanso yolowetsa yolumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa zomwe zikuwonetsa UA I. Tapezanso mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa kuchita UAI ndi zaka, kugwiritsa ntchito nitrites zopumira, komanso momwe munthu alili ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ngakhale kuti detayi singatsimikizire chifukwa chake, zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula zomwe zikuwonetsa UAI ndi kuchita UAI zikugwirizana. Kafukufuku wina akufunika kuti adziwe ngati izi zitha kukhala zothandiza popewa HIV.

Kufufuza ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulirana zogonana ndi khalidwe loopsa la kugonana mu chitsanzo cha amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna ku Norway (2015) - Chidule:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza njira zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula (SEM) pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) ku Norway, pofotokoza makamaka za kugwirizana komwe kulipo pakati pa kugonana kwa Edzi ndi HIV.

Kumwa SEM kunapezeka kuti kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi machitidwe oopsa okhudzana ndi kugonana. Ophunzira omwe adamwa kwambiri SEM yopanda bareback adanenanso kuti mwayi wochuluka wa UAI ndi I-UAI atasintha zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana. MSM omwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito SEM atakula adanenanso kuti mwayi wochepa wa UAI ndi I-UAI kuposa MSM omwe adayamba kale . Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kukhala woti amvetsetse momwe MSM imapangira ndikusunga zomwe amakonda SEM komanso ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi kukonza komanso khalidwe loopsa la kugonana ndi HIV.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zogonana Mwachizolowezi, Zovuta, komanso Mokakamiza: Zomwe Zapezeka Pachipatala Pogwiritsa Ntchito Compulsive Pornography Consumption (CPC) Scale pakati pa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna (2015) - Chidule:

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri (76-80%) omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana (MSM) sanena za zizindikiro zokakamiza, pafupifupi 16-20% amanena kuti ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito SEM, kuphatikizapo 7% omwe ali ndi zigoli zambiri zogwirizana ndi miyezo ya DSM ya matenda okakamiza . Kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kugonana, ndi chiopsezo cha HIV kunapezeka pakati pa magulu atatuwa. Ofufuza ndi madokotala akulimbikitsidwa kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya CPC kuti aone bwino khalidwe lokakamiza kugonana.

Kupita pamapepala a Alliance osafunikira:

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Downing, MJ, Schrimshaw, EW, Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2017). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti potengera umunthu wa kugonana: Kusanthula koyerekeza kwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku United States. Archives of sexual behavior, 46(6), 1763-1776 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance chinkaoneka ngati choyenera: Amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adanena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti SEM pafupipafupi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. 20.7% ya amuna odziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adanena kuti amaonera khalidwe la amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo 55.0% ya amuna odziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adanenanso kuti amaonera mafilimu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Billard, TJ (2019). (Ayi) Manyazi mu Masewerawa: Chikoka cha Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula pa Maganizo a Anthu Osintha Chikhalidwe. Malipoti Ofufuza za Kulankhulana, 36(1), 45-56. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kafukufukuyu adafufuza owonera zolaula za anthu osintha mtundu wa transgender (gulu la reddit lodzipereka kuonera zolaula za anthu osintha mtundu wa transgender). Silinayang'ane zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zomwe zapezeka:

Phunziro ili, tinapeza chiwerengero chodziwika bwino koma timagwirizana kwambiri pakati pa zolaula ndi malingaliro okhudza anthu ochimwa, pamene tikupeza mayanjano akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu pakati pa manyazi ndi zochitika za kugonana kwa anthu ochimwa komanso maganizo awo.

Ngakhale kuti sizingagwirizanitsidwe, zotsatirazi zimapereka umboni wakuti pakati pa owonerera zolaula zolaula kugonana ndizofunika kwambiri kuwonetsera maganizo kwa akazi ochimwa.

Kufunika kwa zomwe tafufuzazi sikudziwika bwino. Ponena za 'manyazi' kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa debunk mawu omwe amalankhula mobwerezabwereza omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zolaula:

• Mphamvu Yowonetsera Chifundo Chake pa Ubale Pakati pa Kunyada ndi Kugonana (2019): Maseŵera apansi a manyazi omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zipsyinjo zamakono zolaula.
• Kodi miyambo yoganizira imagwira ntchito ngati anthu akuwonetsa zolaula zawo? (2019): manyazi anali osagwirizana ndi kudzikhulupirira kukhala wodetsa zolaula. Ndipotu, olembawo akusonyeza kuti kudziyesa kudziletsa kungachepetse manyazi.

Monga maphunziro ena a Alliance, izi zimatsimikiziranso kuwona zotsatira za zolaula pa wogwiritsa ntchito.

McCormack, M., & Wignall, L. (2017). Kusangalala, kufufuza ndi maphunziro: Kumvetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa anyamata achichepere omwe ali ndi zilakolako zogonana zomwe sizili zapadera. Sociology, 51(5), 975-991 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa chifukwa kafukufukuyu sanawone zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Anthu 35 okha. Mafunso, osati kuchuluka. Chidule chinanena kuti "zolaula zinali ndi phindu la maphunziro kwa anyamatawa." N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa anyamata ambiri amapeza maphunziro awo okhudzana ndi kugonana kuchokera ku zolaula. Potchula membala wa Deniers Alliance Alan Mckee, olembawo akuvomereza kuti sanali ndi chidwi chofufuza zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo njira yopitira patsogolo zotsatira zoyipa, McKee (2012) adapempha kuti zolaula ziganizidwe ngati njira yosangalalira. Iye adati izi zikhazikitsa njira yofufuzira yosiyana ndi yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike.

M'malo mongoganizira za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira kuti tifufuze zambiri zomwe ophunzira adakumana nazo, kuyambira nthawi yomwe adayamba kuonera zolaula.

Zotenga - anyamata ambiri amakonda zolaula.

Döring, N. (2000). Maganizo a akazi pa nkhani ya kugonana pa intaneti: Kuzunzidwa, kumasulidwa, ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3(5), 863-884 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kukwera kwa mawu ambiri chifukwa sikukhudzana ndi mutu wa gawoli kapena zotsatira za zolaula pa owonera. Ndi nkhani ya malingaliro ya zaka 20 yokha, yonena kuti:

"Amayi amodzi amawombera akazi kuti azitha kugonana mosamala komanso kuti azisangalala ndi kugonana, kugonana bwino, komanso kugonana kosiyana"

Choyamba, malingaliro ena ambiri amatsutsana ndi zomwe zapezekazi (kufufuza kwa akatswiri a Google pa zolaula + ukazi kumabwezera mawu 57,000 ). Chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kumagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "malingaliro osalingana" pa akazi ndi malingaliro osankhana amuna kapena akazi.

Chigawo Cholipirira

Nkhani/Zoona : Kulekerera kapena kuzolowera ndi kufunikira kwa mankhwala ambiri kapena kusonkhezeredwa kwambiri pofuna kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna. Nthawi zina izi zimatchedwa desensitization kapena chizolowezi (kuyankha kochepa kwa mankhwala kapena chilimbikitso). Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulekerera/chizolowezi kumabweretsa kutopa ndi mtundu kapena mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zilipo. Kulimbikitsa kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumachitika pofika pamitundu yatsopano kapena yoopsa kwambiri ya zolaula.

Kuleza mtima kungakhale chizindikiro cha njira yoledzera kapena kungokhala wodalira thupi popanda kuledzera. Prause, Ley ndi ena okana akuoneka kuti sakumvetsa kusiyana kwake. Mwachitsanzo, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amatenga mankhwala ambiri monga opioids a ululu wosatha, kapena prednisone pa matenda a autoimmune. Ubongo ndi minofu yawo yakhala imadalira iwo, ndipo kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kungayambitse zizindikiro zazikulu zosiya. Komabe sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala oledzera . Kuledzera kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumadziwika bwino komwe kumabweretsa zomwe akatswiri amatcha "chizolowezi." Ngati kusiyana sikukudziwika bwino, ndikupangira kufotokozera kosavuta kwa NIDA.

Gawo Lolekerera la Alliance liyenera kuti lidapangidwa ngati galimoto yoti a Deniers anene kuti zolaula sizipezeka chifukwa kulolerana sikuyenera kuwonetsedwa (lomwe ndi bodza). Mamembala angapo a Alliance (Prause, Janssen, Georgiadis, Finn, Klein ndi Kohut) ayesa njirayi yolakwika munkhani ziwiri zapitazo zomwe YBOP idachotsa:

• Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana ngati mankhwala" (Prause et al., 2017)
• Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018).

Otsutsa ali olakwika pawiri amawerengera:

1. Choyamba, kulekerera sikofunikira kuti munthu azindikire kuti ali ndi vutoli. Inu adzapeza chinenerocho "Ngakhale kulekerera kapena kuchoka n'kofunikira kapena kokwanira kuti apeze matenda ..."Mu DSM-IV-TR ndi DSM-5 kumene amalankhula za chizolowezi choledzera.
2. Izo zinatero, zonse ziwiri kufufuza zolaula pa intaneti ndi ambiri odzimva onetsani kuti anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawonadi achire ndi / kapena kulolerana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana, magulu osiyanasiyana a maphunzirowa amapereka chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi "zolaula" pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri komanso yachilendo. Ochepa amanenanso kuti: Zofufuza za 40 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, kuleza mtima komwe kumabweretsa kukwera kwakhala kunenedwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'madokotala komanso m'mayesero. Norman Doidge MD adalemba za izi m'buku lake logulitsidwa kwambiri la 2007 lakuti The Brain That Changes Itself :

Mliri wamaliseche wapano umapereka chiwonetsero chazithunzi zakuti zokonda zakugonana zitha kupezeka. Zithunzi zolaula, zoperekedwa ndi ma intaneti othamanga kwambiri, zimakwaniritsa chilichonse chofunikira kuti munthu asinthe mitsempha yake…. Ojambula zithunzi akamadzitama kuti akukankha envelopu poyambitsa mitu yatsopano, yovuta, zomwe sanena ndikuti ayenera, chifukwa makasitomala awo akupanga kulolerana ndi zomwe zili. Masamba akumapeto kwa magazini owopsa a amuna ndi masamba azolaula a pa intaneti ali ndi zotsatsa zamankhwala amtundu wa Viagra-mankhwala opangidwira amuna achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto a erectile okhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso otseka mitsempha yamagazi mbolo.

Masiku ano anyamata omwe amaonera zolaula amaopa kwambiri kusowa mphamvu, kapena "kuwonongeka kwa erectile" monga momwe amatchulidwira. Mawu osocheretsa amatanthauza kuti amunawa ali ndi vuto m'mibadwo yawo, koma vuto lili m'mutu mwawo, m'mapu awo ogonana. Mbolo imagwira ntchito bwino akagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Siziwachitikira kawirikawiri kuti pakhoza kukhala ubale pakati pa zolaula zomwe akudya komanso kusowa mphamvu kwawo.

Mu 2012 reddit/nofap idapanga kafukufuku wa mamembala, womwe udapeza kuti zokonda zogonana za mamembala ake zoposa 60% zidakula kwambiri, kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula.

Q: Kodi zokonda zanu zolaula zasintha?

• Zomwe ndimakonda sizikusintha kwambiri - 29%
• Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zosokoneza ndipo izi zinandipangitsa manyazi kapena nkhawa - 36%
• Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zonyansa ndipo izi zinatero osati ndipangeni manyazi kapena nkhawa - 27%

Ndipo nayi umboni wa 2017 wochokera ku PornHub wakuti kugonana kwenikweni kukuchepa chidwi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zolaula sizikuthandiza anthu kupeza zomwe amakonda "zenizeni"; zikukuwapangitsa kuti azilakalaka kwambiri zinthu zachilendo komanso "zosatheka":

Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuyenda kwambiri kuzopeka kuposa zenizeni. Zithunzi zolaula za 'Generic' zikulowedwa m'malo ndi zongopeka kapena zochitika zina. Kodi izi zikuchitika chifukwa chotopetsa kapena chidwi? Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika; 'kutuluka, kutuluka' sikukhutitsanso anthu ambiri, omwe akufunafuna china chosiyana ”adatero Dr.

Pansipa tikupereka zitsanzo zingapo za kukwera ndi chizolowezi/kulekerera kwa owonera zolaula kuchokera pamndandanda uwu wa maphunziro opitilira 40 :

Nayi imodzi mwa maphunziro oyamba kufunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwachindunji za kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu: Zochita zogonana pa intaneti: Kafukufuku wofufuza za njira zovuta komanso zopanda mavuto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa amuna (2016) . Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, popeza 49% ya amunawo adanenanso kuti amaonera zolaula zomwe sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kale kapena zomwe kale ankaziona ngati zonyansa. Chidule:

Anthu makumi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana aliwonse omwe adatchulapo nthawi zina amafufuza zinthu zogonana kapena kuchita nawo zinthu zosayenera zomwe sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kale kapena zomwe amaona kuti ndi zonyansa.

Chitsanzo Cholamulira Zinthu Ziwiri: Udindo Wa Kuletsa Kugonana & Chisangalalo Mu Chilakolako Chachigololo Ndi Khalidwe , 2007. Indiana University Press, Mkonzi: Erick Janssen, tsamba 197-222. Mu kuyesera kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pavidiyo (zamtundu womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayesero am'mbuyomu), 50% ya anyamatawa sanathe kudzuka kapena kuchita chigololo ndi zolaula (zaka zapakati zinali 29). Ofufuza odabwa adapeza kuti vuto la kugonana kwa amunawa linali,

zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka m'zipinda ndi malo osambira omwe zithunzi zolaula zinali "ponseponse," komanso "kusewera mosalekeza." Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi anthuwa kunalimbitsa lingaliro lathu lakuti mwa ena mwa iwo kuonera kwambiri zolaula kumawoneka kuti kwapangitsa kuti anthu asamayankhe kwambiri zolaula za "vanilla sex" komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zatsopano komanso zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi kufunikira kwa mitundu yeniyeni ya zolimbikitsa kuti munthu ayambe kusangalala.

Phunziro laposachedwapa linayankha funso lolekerera: Makhalidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zosiyana zimasiyanitsa pakati pa zosangalatsa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti (2019) - Ndemanga:

Chotsatira china chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwake kwazomwe zimachitika poyesera nthawi yayitali pa mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito [osokoneza] osagwiritsidwa ntchito [osokonezeka] ogwiritsa ntchito osangalala, anali oposa [mumagwiritsa ntchito ovuta] poyerekeza ndifupipafupi pa sabata. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IP osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zovuta kuti asiye kuyang'ana IP panthawi ya gawo kapena akusowa nthawi yochulukirapo kuti akwaniritse mphoto yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mawonekedwe a kulekerera muzovuta za mankhwala.

Nanga bwanji za kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali? Kuwona zinthu zogonana pa intaneti ali achinyamata komanso kusazindikira zomwe zili mu kugonana (2018) - Chidule:

Phunziroli likufuna kufufuza zida zolaula pa intaneti komanso zomwe zingathe kuwonetsa kugonana pa Intaneti pa nthawi. Kupanga phunziro kunali kotenga nthawi; Deta inasonkhanitsidwa m'mafunde a 3 pa nthawi ya miyezi ya 6 kuyambira ku 2012. Zitsanzozo zinaphatikizapo oyankha 1134 (atsikana, 58.8%; amatanthauza zaka, 13.84 ± 1.94 zaka) kuchokera ku sukulu za 55.

Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti omwe adafunsidwa adasintha momwe amaonera zinthu zolaula pa intaneti pakapita nthawi kutengera zaka, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimawonetsedwa komanso ngati izi zidachitika mwadala. Anayamba kuvutika maganizo chifukwa chosakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zili muzogonana. Zotsatira zake zitha kusonyeza kuti zinthu zolaula pa intaneti sizinasinthe kwenikweni paunyamata.

Kafukufuku wina wa achinyamata: Zotsatira za Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Achinyamata a Sukulu ya Sekondale ku Pontianak mu 2008 (2009) - Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ku Malaysia pa ophunzira a sekondale. Ndi wapadera chifukwa uwu ndi kafukufuku wokhawo womwe umafotokoza za kukwera kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri, kuletsa kukhudzidwa ndi zolaula, komanso chizolowezi cha zolaula mwa achinyamata. (Ndi kafukufuku wokhawo wofunsa achinyamata mafunso awa.) Zidule:

Achinyamata okwana 83.3% a sukulu ya sekondale ku Pontianak City aona zolaula, ndipo kuyambira pamene aona zolaula, 79.5% amaona zotsatira za kuonera zolaula. Achinyamata omwe amaona zolaula, 19.8% anali mu siteji ya chizolowezi, 69.2% [pakati pa achinyamata omwe ali ndi chizolowezi] ali pa siteji ya kukwera, 61.1% ali pa siteji ya kutsika, ndipo [pakati pa omwe adanena kuti alibe chizolowezi ] 31.8% anali pa siteji ya chizolowezi.

Bwanji za kafukufuku wofufuza ubongo? Kapangidwe ka mvula ya B ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula ( Kühn & Gallinat, 2014). Kafukufuku wa Max Planck Institute wa fMRI adapeza kuti palibe imvi mu dongosolo la mphotho (dorsal striatum) yogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimadyedwa. Inapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuyambitsa kochepa kwa gawo la mphotho pamene akuonera zithunzi zogonana mwachidule. Ofufuza adaganiza kuti zomwe adapeza zikuwonetsa kufooka, komanso mwina kulekerera, komwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chilimbikitso chachikulu kuti pakhale chisangalalo chomwecho. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn adati izi za kafukufuku wake:

Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kumafooketsa dongosolo la mphotho. … Chifukwa chake timaganiza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri amafunikira mphamvu zamphamvu kuti afike pamlingo womwewo wa mphotho …. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka pa kulumikizana kwa ntchito kwa striatum kumadera ena a ubongo: kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kunapezeka kuti kukugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa dera la mphotho ndi prefrontal cortex.

Kafukufuku wina wofufuza ubongo Zachilendo, kukhazikika maganizo komanso kusamala kwambiri za mphotho zogonana (2015). Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa ku Cambridge University akunena za chizolowezi chachikulu chogonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza. Chidule:

Zolimbikitsa zogonana pa intaneti ndi zazikulu komanso zikukula, ndipo izi zitha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, amuna athanzi omwe amaonera filimu yogonana mobwerezabwereza apezeka kuti azolowera zolimbikitsazo ndipo amapeza kuti zolimbikitsazo sizimadzutsa chilakolako cha kugonana, sizimakhutiritsa chilakolako cha kugonana komanso sizimakhutiritsa kwambiri (Koukounas ndi Over, 2000). … Tikuwonetsa m'njira yoyesera zomwe zapezeka kuchipatala kuti Compulsive Sexual Behavior imadziwika ndi kufunafuna zatsopano, kusintha ndi kuzolowera zogonana mwa amuna.

Kuchokera m'nkhani yotsatirayi:

Chizolowezi chomwecho chimachitika mwa amuna athanzi omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma akaonera kanema watsopano, chidwi ndi chilakolako zimabwerera pamlingo woyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuti apewe chizolowezi, munthu wokonda kugonana ayenera kufunafuna zithunzi zatsopano nthawi zonse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizolowezi chingayambitse kusaka zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe tapeza ndizofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya zolaula pa intaneti," akuwonjezera Dr Voon. " Sizikudziwika bwino chomwe chimayambitsa chizolowezi chogonana ndipo mwina anthu ena amakonda kwambiri chizolowezichi kuposa ena, koma zithunzi zatsopano zogonana zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti zimathandiza kuchepetsa chizolowezi chawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuthawa. "

Nanga bwanji za kafukufuku wa EEG wa Nicole Prause, womwe unapeza chizolowezi? Kusintha kwa Zomwe Zingatheke Posachedwa Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zogonana mu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mavuto ndi Zowongolera Zosagwirizana ndi "Zolaula Zolaula" ( Prause et al. , 2015) . Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owongolera kuonera zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo akamaonera zithunzi za vanilla porn kwa sekondi imodzi. Wolemba wamkulu akuti zotsatirazi "zikutsutsa chizolowezi cha zolaula." Mwanjira ina, ndi wasayansi wovomerezeka uti amene anganene kuti kafukufuku wawo wokhawo wolakwika wathetsa gawo lodziwika bwino la kafukufuku?

Zoonadi, zomwe Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zikugwirizana bwino ndi Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , zomwe zidapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa ubongo poyankha zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. Zomwe Prause et al . adapeza zikugwirizananso ndi Banca et al. 2015 , zomwe zidanena kuti kuwerenga kochepa kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti anthu omwe adatenga zithunzizo sankasamala kwambiri kuposa zowongolera. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri analibe chidwi ndi zithunzi zosasinthika za zolaula za vanilla. Anali otopa (ozolowera kapena osasamala). Mapepala asanu ndi atatu omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo amavomereza kuti Prause et al. 2015 adapezadi kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kuledzera (logwirizana ndi chizolowezi).

Nayi kafukufuku wina amene anafotokoza za kulekerera ndi kusiya (zinthu ziwiri zomwe Prause's Lancet analemba zabodza kuti palibe kafukufuku wokhudza zolaula amene adanenapo): Kukula kwa Mavuto Okhudza Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zolaula (PPCS) (2017). Pepalali linapanga ndikuyesa mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adapangidwa motsatira mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mafunso a zinthu 18 awa adayesa kulekerera ndi kusiya ndi mafunso 6 otsatirawa:

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Funso lirilonse linali lopangidwa kuchokera ku chimodzi mpaka kasanu pa chiwerengero cha Likert: 1- Sitikudziwa, 2- Kawirikawiri, 3- Nthawi zina, 4- Nthawi zina, 5- Kawirikawiri, 6-Kawirikawiri, 7- Nthawi Yonse. Gululi pansipa limagwiritsa ntchito anthu owona zolaula kukhala magulu a 3 pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zawo zonse: "Zosavomerezeka," "Ngozi yochepa," ndi "Pangozi." Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri amatha kulekerera ndi kuchotsedwa.

Mwachidule, phunziroli linafunsa za kukula (kulekerera) ndi kuchotsa - ndipo zonsezi zimafotokozedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Nanga bwanji kafukufuku wokhudza amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula? Zithunzi Zolaula Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kugonana Pakati pa Anyamata Achinyamata (2019) - Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kulekerera (kuchepa kwa chilakolako) ndi kuwonjezeka (kufunikira zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti zidzutsidwe) m'nkhani zotere. Kuchokera mu chidule:

Pepala ili likufufuza za vuto la zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana (PIED), kutanthauza mavuto a mphamvu zogonana mwa amuna chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Deta yochokera kwa amuna omwe ali ndi vutoli yasonkhanitsidwa…. akunena kuti kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa zolaula (nthawi zambiri paunyamata) kumatsatiridwa ndi kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kufika pamene zinthu zambiri (monga, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zachiwawa) zimafunika kuti munthu akhale ndi chilakolako chogonana.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri limafika pamene chilakolako chogonana chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula zoopsa komanso zofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugonana kukhale kosasangalatsa komanso kosasangalatsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathe kukhazikika ndi mwamuna weniweni, ndipo amuna amayamba "kuyambiranso" kugonana, kusiya zolaula. Izi zathandiza amuna ena kuti abwererenso ku mphamvu zawo zokhazikika.

Nditamaliza kufufuza deta, ndaona njira zina ndi mitu yobwerezabwereza, kutsatira nkhani yotsatizana m'mafunso onse. Izi ndi izi: Chiyambi. Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula, nthawi zambiri asanakwanitse msinkhu. Kumanga chizolowezi. Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezeka. Munthu amatembenukira ku mitundu "yoopsa" ya zolaula, malinga ndi zomwe zili mkati, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo zomwe zidapezeka kale kudzera mu mitundu "yoopsa" ya zolaula . Kuzindikira. Munthu amaona mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu zogonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Njira "yoyambiranso". Munthu amayesa kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena kuzichotsa kwathunthu kuti apezenso mphamvu zogonana.

Ndingapereke maphunziro ena 35 onena za chizolowezi choonera "zolaula zachizolowezi" komanso kukwera kwa mitundu yoopsa komanso yachilendo, koma izi ndizokwanira kuwulula kusankhidwa kosamveka bwino kwa Alliance. Ponena za mawu awo awiri:

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Landripet, Busko, & Štulhofer (2019). Kuyesa mfundo yokhudza kupita patsogolo kwa zomwe zili mkati: Kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kukonda zinthu zokakamiza komanso zachiwawa pakati pa achinyamata. Kafukufuku wa Sayansi ya Anthu . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Wolemba membala wa Alliance Alexander Štulhofer . Monga momwe zinalili ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu, Štulhofer amangopereka chitsanzo chake kwa ophunzira aku sekondale aku Croatia (azaka 16; 58% ya akazi). Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka zambiri kuti kuwonekere, kotero ophunzira aku sekondale siwosankha maphunziro wamba monga momwe amachitira (mwina) kumayambiriro kwa ntchito zawo zowonera zolaula.

Chachiwiri, kafukufukuyu adachepetsa kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana makamaka pa zolaula zomwe wachinyamatayo adaziona ngati "zokakamiza" kapena "zopweteka." Izi sizikutanthauza mitundu yambiri yomwe achinyamata amatchula akamafotokoza mbiri yawo ya kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana (monga zolaula zachibale, hentai, zolaula za TS, gang bang, bukake, MILF, FemDom, kugonana ndi nyama, mungatchule ).

Ndipo kodi kukakamiza ndi kupweteka zimamveka bwino bwanji, pamene kuonera makanema olimba mtima kumasintha momwe achinyamata amaonera zomwe zimatchedwa "kugonana kwenikweni"? Ndemanga ya 2019 ( Kuonera zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito lenzi ya ufulu wa ana ) ikupereka ndemanga pa funso ili:

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti iwo omwe amakhala ndi mavuto owonera zolaula amawonetsa kukonda kwambiri zifaniziro kuposa kuwongolera moyenera, komanso kuzolowera zithunzi mwachangu, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera chidwi cha zithunzi zatsopano (Barron ndi Kimmel, 2000).

Izi zitha kufotokozera zomwe zachitika pazakuwonera zolaula kwambiri, zomwe zitha kuphatikizira zachiwawa, kutsamwa, kumenya, kukoka tsitsi, kulowerera mwankhanza kwa amuna angapo, kugundana, kukakamiza, kulamulira amuna, zochita zosagwirizana, kugonjera akazi, chidwi cha akazi ndi kufunitsitsa kwawo, manyazi ndi kutchula dzina, kutulutsa nkhope pankhope ya akazi, kugonana kumatako, zibwenzi zingapo, ukapolo, kuponderezana, nkhanza, masochism, tsankho, kukodza, chimbudzi, kugona ndi nyama, kugwiririra, komanso zithunzi zankhanza za ana (zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zolaula za ana"), lero ndi pafupifupi 20% yamakampani opanga zolaula (Foley, 2006; Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010; "Zoyipa zomwe zikuchitikira ana aku Australia," 2016; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Hanson, Whittle, & Beech, 2017).

Zoonadi, kafukufuku wina wotsutsana adapeza kuti 88 peresenti ya zolaula zimaphatikizapo chiwawa (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010; Foubert, Brosi, & Bannon, 2011), pomwe ena amaiyika pa chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri (McKee, 2005). McKee amafika pa chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha awiri peresenti mwa kuchotsa chiwawa chonse chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi chogwirizana, koma pankhani ya ana omwe amaonera zolaula, sangamvetse kusiyana pakati pa chiwawa chogwirizana ndi chiwawa chosagwirizana ndipo palibe umboni wakuti choyamba sichikhudza kwambiri kuposa chomaliza pa wowonera mwana . Mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi mzere uti wa kafukufuku wolondola, pafupifupi chiwawa chonse chomwe chilipo mu zolaula masiku ano chimayang'ana akazi (Barron & Kimmel, 2000, p. 164; Hamilton-Giachritsis, et al., 2017).

Chachitatu, phunzirolo silinapemphe ophunzira mwachindunji ngati ntchito zawo zolaula zakhala zikukula m'magulu omwe amawaona kuti ndi oopsa, kapena osagwirizana ndi zofuna zawo zoyambirira zogonana. Motero, phunziro la Štulhofer silinathe kulingalira molondola kuti kulekerera kapena kuchulukira.

Ndipotu, zomwe Štulhofer anapeza (zosachokera mu chidule, koma zomwe zili mu pepalali) zimagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri ndi kuonera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula:

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kusanthula kwathu kunasonyeza kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kuchepa kochepa kwa zomwe anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza/zachiwawa pakapita nthawi . Ngakhale kuti izi sizikugwirizana ndi CPT, zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (monga, chidwi chosiyana) paunyamata. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pambuyo pake ndipo ziyenera kufufuzidwa kwambiri.

Kumasulira: kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula kunali kogwirizana ndi achinyamata omwe akufunafuna mitundu yatsopano komanso yachilendo ya zolaula (kuwonjezeka). Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula komwe kumachitika ngati nthawi yayitali akuonera kapena kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano ya zolaula. Mitundu yatsopano yomwe imayambitsa kudabwa, kudabwa, kuphwanya ziyembekezo kapena ngakhale nkhawa imatha kugwira ntchito yowonjezera chilakolako chogonana, ndipo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe mayankho awo ku zolimbikitsa akuchepa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, izi ndizofala kwambiri.

Shor, E., & Seida, K. (2019). “Zovuta komanso zovuta”? Kodi zolaula zodziwika bwino zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo kodi owonera amakonda zinthu zachiwawa?. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(1), 16-28. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kafukufukuyu sanawunike momwe zolaula zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pa nkhani iliyonse kotero sangatiuze chilichonse chokhudza kulekerera kapena kukwera kwa kugonana. Ndipo chidule cha Alliance sichili cholondola . Pepala ili ndi njira yosokeretsa komanso yosayang'anira yolimbana ndi kafukufuku wa Ana Bridges wa 2010 wokhudza nkhanza mu zolaula (" Nkhanza ndi khalidwe logonana mu makanema ogulitsidwa kwambiri a zolaula: Zosintha zowunikira zomwe zili mkati "), zomwe zidapeza kuti 88% ya makanema olaula otchuka kwambiri anali ndi nkhanza zogonana motsutsana ndi akazi.

Komabe, Shor & Seida 2019 si yofanana ndi kafukufuku wa Bridges, womwe unasankha makanema otchuka kwambiri. Kafukufuku watsopanoyu sangatiuze chilichonse chokhudza chizolowezi cha nkhanza m'mavidiyo otchuka kwambiri pakati pa 2008-2016, monga momwe akunenera. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa kafukufukuyu sanayese makanema kutengera kutchuka kokha , monga momwe gawo ili la "Gawo la Zitsanzo ndi Deta" likuvumbulira:

Mu njira yathu yoyamba yopezera zitsanzo, tinayesetsa kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha akazi ndi amuna ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mafuko ndi mitundu. Chifukwa chake, tinagwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera zitsanzo mwadala , kuphatikizapo mu chitsanzo choyamba makanema omwe amaonedwa kwambiri kuchokera m'magulu otsatirawa a PornHub: "Onse" (mavidiyo 70), "Interracial" (mavidiyo 25), "Ebony" (mavidiyo 52), "Asian/Japanese" (mavidiyo 35), "Latina" (mavidiyo 19), ndi "Gay" (mavidiyo 25)

Kusankha makanema malinga ndi magulu omwe adakonzedweratu, pomwe osasankha magulu ena ambiri (mwina pali magulu mazana ambiri), kumatanthauza kuti ofufuza sanasankhe makanema otchuka kwambiri malinga ndi momwe amawonedwera.

Zinthu zikuipiraipira. Mu gawo la “Zosintha zomwe zimadalira kuwunika kutchuka kwa makanema” ofufuzawo akuti adawonjezera makanema angapo mwachisawawa omwe sanawonedwe kwambiri :

Chitsanzo chathu choyamba chinali ndi makanema omwe amaonedwa kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kochepa pa muyeso uwu. Chifukwa chake tinawonjezera chitsanzo china cha makanema omwe adawonedwa ochepa . Chifukwa chake chitsanzo chomaliza chikuphatikizapo makanema osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa 11,000 mpaka 116 miliyoni.

Mwachidule, ochita kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti asunga phazi limodzi pa mamba mpaka atapanga zofuna zawo. Papepalali likuwoneka ngati kuyesa zofalitsa kusiyana ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Zikanakhala zitayankhidwa ndi akatswiri aphunziro a maphunziro, ntchito yotereyi, yosasangalatsa siyingayambe kupitiliza kawiri kawiri.

Maganizo athu akuti ntchito yawo ndi yosemphana ndi tsankho komanso yosagwirizana ndi sayansi akutsimikiziridwa ndi mawu osachirikizidwa omwe olemba pepalalo adapereka kwa atolankhani otchuka . Ofufuzawo adanena kuti zotsatira zawo zaluso sizinangotsimikizira kuti zolaula zikuchepa (zomwe zikuwuluka pafupifupi nkhani zina zilizonse kulikonse), komanso kuti zotsatira izi zidatsutsanso "chizolowezi cha zolaula" - mwina kutengera zomwe akunena kuti zolaula zikukhala "zofewa." Balderdash. Pansipa pali maphunziro angapo otsutsa zomwe kafukufukuyu akunena (motsatira nthawi):

Kulamulira ndi Kusalingana mu Makaseti a Kanema Oyesedwa ndi X (1988) - Chidule:

Anthu okonda ufulu wachikazi akhala akuda nkhawa ndi kunyazitsidwa kwa akazi m'zinthu zogonana. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ulamuliro ndi kusalingana kwa kugonana m'makaseti a kanema oyesedwa x kudzera mu kusanthula zomwe zili m'makaseti 45 a kanema oyesedwa x omwe alipo. Chitsanzochi chinatengedwa mwachisawawa kuchokera pamndandanda wa makanema 121 a akuluakulu omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'masitolo obwereketsa makaseti a kanema am'banja kum'mwera kwa California. Zoposa theka la zochitika zogonana zidalembedwa kuti zimakhudza kwambiri ulamuliro kapena nkhanza. Kulamulira ndi nkhanza zambiri kunayendetsedwa ndi amuna kwa akazi. Zizindikiro zenizeni za ulamuliro ndi kusalingana kwa kugonana, kuphatikizapo nkhanza zakuthupi, zinkachitika kawirikawiri . Kukula kwa makampani obwereketsa makaseti a kanema ndi kutchuka kwa mafilimu oyesedwa x, pamodzi ndi mauthenga omwe mafilimu awa amapereka, ndi chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Chiwawa ndi kunyoza monga mitu yankhani mu mavidiyo a "akuluakulu" (1991) - Chidule:

Makaseti a kanema akhala njira yodziwika bwino yowonera zolaula. Kafukufuku wina wakale wa zomwe zili mkati mwake adafufuza kuchuluka kwa chiwawa m'mavidiyo otere. Bungwe la Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) lanena kuti zolaula zopanda chiwawa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuipitsidwa kwa anthu zimabweretsa mavuto ofanana ndi omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula zachiwawa. Kusanthula zomwe zili mkati mwa 10% ya zitsanzo zosasinthika (n = 50) za makanema omwe akuwonetsedwa mu gawo la "akuluakulu" m'sitolo yogulitsira makanema kunawonetsa kuti 13.6% ya zochitika zomwe zili m'mavidiyowo zinali ndi zachiwawa ndipo 18.2% zinali ndi zachiwerewere.

Tsankho ndi kusankhana mitundu mu zolaula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (1994) - Chidule:

Tsankho ndi kusankhana mitundu zinafufuzidwa m'makaseti azithunzi zolaula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (Akuda/Azungu). Tsankho linawonetsedwa mu nkhanza zomwe amuna amachita kwa akazi. Tsankho linawonetsedwa mu udindo wotsika wa ochita sewero Akuda komanso kukhalapo kwa malingaliro olakwika amitundu . Tsankho linaoneka kuti linawonetsedwa mosiyana ndi kugonana, ndipo tsankho linaonekera mosiyana ndi mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, akazi Akuda anali chandamale cha nkhanza zambiri kuposa akazi Azungu, ndipo amuna Akuda sanasonyeze makhalidwe abwino kwambiri kuposa amuna Azungu. Tsankho linapezeka kwambiri mu chiwerewere cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa mu chiwerewere cha mitundu imodzi. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula ndi za tsankho komanso zachiwerewere.

Nkhanza zogonana m'ma TV atatu olaula: Kufotokozera za chikhalidwe cha anthu (2000) - Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu amayesa zomwe zili mu magazini, makanema, ndi zolaula za Usenet (gulu la nkhani pa intaneti). Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa chiwawa, kuchuluka kwa chiwawa chogwirizana komanso chosagwirizana, komanso jenda ya wozunzidwayo ndi wozunzidwayo zikuyerekezeredwa. Kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa chiwawa kuchokera pa njira imodzi kupita ku ina kwapezeka , ngakhale kuti kuchuluka pakati pa magazini ndi makanema sikofunikira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, magazini ndi makanema onse akuwonetsa chiwawa ngati chogwirizana, pomwe Usenet ikuwonetsa ngati chosagwirizana . Chachitatu, magazini akuwonetsa akazi ngati ozunzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna, pomwe Usenet imasiyana kwambiri ndipo ikuwonetsa amuna ngati ozunzidwa nthawi zambiri.

Mawebusayiti aulere a pa intaneti a akuluakulu: Kodi machitidwe oipa akufala bwanji? (2010) - Chidule:

Russell (Maubwenzi Oopsa: Zithunzi Zolaula, Kunyoza Amuna Kapena Akazi, ndi Kugwiririra, 1988) adati zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zolaula zinali kuphatikiza akazi ambiri kuposa amuna komanso kuwonetsa amuna omwe ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mawebusayiti 45 a akuluakulu pa intaneti, kusanthula zomwe zili mkati kunachitika kuti awone ngati makanema a akuluakulu aulere komanso opezeka mosavuta pa intaneti angatchulidwe kuti ndi zolaula mogwirizana ndi ntchito ya Russell (1988). Makanema opitilira theka mu chitsanzo chathu (55% ya makanema onse okhala ndi ochita sewero awiri omwe alipo) anali ndi mwayi wowonetsa akazi amaliseche kuposa amuna ndipo 55% ya makanema onse anali ndi mutu waukulu wa nkhanza kapena ulamuliro pomwe wosewera wamwamuna adawonetsedwa ngati wolamulira. Chifukwa chake, makanema ambiri aulere pa intaneti mu chitsanzo chathu nthawi zambiri amatha kufotokozedwa ngati zolaula zonyansa mogwirizana ndi ntchito ya Russell [34].

Nkhanza ndi khalidwe la kugonana m'mavidiyo olaula ogulitsidwa kwambiri: zosintha zowunikira zomwe zili mkati (2010) - Chidule:

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akufufuza zomwe zili m'mavidiyo otchuka a zolaula ndi cholinga chosintha zithunzi za nkhanza, kudzitsitsa, ndi machitidwe ogonana ndikuyerekeza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu osanthula zomwe zili mkati. Zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa nkhanza mu zolaula m'mawu ndi m'thupi. Pa zochitika 304 zomwe zafufuzidwa, 88.2% zinali ndi nkhanza zakuthupi, makamaka kumenya, kutseka m'kamwa, ndi kumenya mbama, pomwe 48.7% ya zochitikazo zinali ndi nkhanza zamawu, makamaka kutchula mayina. Ochita nkhanza nthawi zambiri anali amuna, pomwe omwe amawaganizira anali akazi kwambiri. Anthu omwe amawaganizira nthawi zambiri amasangalala kapena amayankha nkhanzazo mosasamala.

Kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi (mu) Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti: Kusanthula kwa Zomwe Zili M'mavidiyo Otchuka a Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti (2015) - Chidule:

Ngakhale kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zikuonedwa kwambiri ndipo ofufuza ayamba kufufuza zotsatira zake, sitikudziwa zambiri za zomwe zili mkati mwake. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale zonena zosiyana zokhudzana ndi ngati zolaula za pa intaneti zikuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso ngati chithunzichi chikusiyana pakati pa zolaula za akatswiri ndi za akatswiri. Tinachita kusanthula zomwe zili mkati mwa magawo atatu akuluakulu a kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (monga, kutsutsa, mphamvu, ndi chiwawa) m'mavidiyo 400 otchuka a zolaula pa intaneti ochokera m'mawebusayiti a zolaula omwe amafika kwambiri.

Kusankhana mitundu kunkawonetsedwa kawirikawiri kwa akazi kudzera mu njira zodzionetsera, koma amuna nthawi zambiri ankawonetsedwa mosiyana kudzera mu kuchotsera anthu . Ponena za mphamvu, amuna ndi akazi sanali osiyana pa chikhalidwe kapena ntchito, koma amuna nthawi zambiri ankawonetsedwa ngati olamulira ndipo akazi anali ogonjera panthawi yogonana.

Kodi Achinyamata a ku Australia Ogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amaona Makhalidwe Otani pa Zithunzi Zolaula? Kafukufuku Wosiyanasiyana (2018) - Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza momwe gulu la achinyamata aku Australia omwe ali ndi zibwenzi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 29) adawonera machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe adawonetsedwa mu zolaula m'miyezi 12 yapitayi…. Chisangalalo cha amuna (83%) chidawonedwa kawirikawiri ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha achinyamata omwe adafunsidwa, kutsatiridwa ndi mwamuna yemwe amawonetsedwa ngati wolamulira (70%). Akazi anali ndi mwayi wambiri wonena kuti amawona nkhanza kwa akazi pafupipafupi.

Zaka, Nkhanza, ndi Chisangalalo mu Makanema Otchuka Olaula Pa intaneti (2019) - Chidule:

Nkhaniyi ikuwunika zomwe zili m'mavidiyo otchuka 172 ochokera patsamba la zolaula la PornHub.com. Ngakhale kuti sindinapeze kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza m'mavidiyo omwe ali ndi achinyamata ochita seweroli ndi omwe ali ndi akuluakulu ochita seweroli, oyambawo anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mutu womwe umasonyeza nkhanza komanso kuphatikiza kulowa m'makoswe ndi kutulutsa umuna kumaso . Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kuti ochita sewero onse achikazi anali ndi mwayi wowonetsa chisangalalo pambuyo pa nkhanza, mgwirizanowu unali wolimba kwambiri m'mavidiyo omwe ali ndi achinyamata ochita seweroli . Mavidiyowa akuwonetsa nkhanza ndi kudzitsitsa ngati zomwe amuna amachita, amuna akulamulira akazi ofunitsitsa - komanso zokondweretsa - mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amuna ndi akazi azisangalala.

Gawo la Maonekedwe a Thupi

Nkhani/Zoona : Gawo la Alliance ili lilibe ndemanga za mabuku kapena kusanthula kwa meta. M'malo mwake, lili ndi kafukufuku wokhawokha pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo linanena za zotsatira zake zosalunjika. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kumalumikiza kuonera zolaula ndi chithunzi choipa cha thupi, kuoneka ngati chinthu chosayenera komanso kusakhutira kwakukulu. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kusanthula kwa meta ndi ndemanga zomwe Deniers Alliance idasiya:

Nkhani ndi Kugonana: Kafukufuku Wachikhalidwe, 1995–2015 - Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga kafukufuku woyeserera zotsatira za kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini a Chingerezi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake , kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachiwerewere komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu.

Bungwe la Alliance linachotsanso kafukufuku wofufuza za kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu 2017 - Malingaliro a akazi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna awo komanso kukhutitsidwa kwa ubale, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi: kutengera chitsanzo cha chiphunzitso. - Zidule:

Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku wochuluka komwe kwachitika mpaka pano kwa pepalali kumathandizira lingaliro lakuti akazi ambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi lingaliro lakuti okondedwa awo amakonda zolaula . Mu kusanthula kwakukulu kuphatikiza maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kuwona okondedwa ngati ogula zolaula kunalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusakhutira pang'ono kwa ubale, kugonana, komanso thupi. Kugwirizana kwa kudzikhutiritsa kunalinso koipa . Zotsatira zake zidawonetsanso kuti kukhutiritsa kwa akazi nthawi zambiri kumachepa poyerekeza ndi lingaliro lakuti okondedwa awo amaonera zolaula pafupipafupi.

Bungwe la Alliance linasiyanso ndemanga iyi ya 2017 ya maphunziro a nthawi yayitali - Kugwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogonana ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe a achinyamata: Kuwunikanso nkhani za maphunziro . - Zidule:

Kafukufuku wowunikidwawo adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula kungakhudze malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana za achinyamata , monga kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), kusatsimikizika kwa kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), kutsutsa akazi pankhani ya kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), malingaliro ogonana osangalatsa komanso ololera (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), malingaliro ofanana pa udindo wa amuna ndi akazi (Brown & L'Engle, 2009) ndi kuyang'anira thupi (Doornwaard et al., 2014).

Ndipo Alliance idasiya ndemanga iyi ya 2019 yokhudza achinyamata ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula - Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula pa intaneti komanso zotsatira zake pa thanzi la ana: umboni waposachedwa kuchokera m'mabuku. - Kuchokera ku chidule:

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wosankhidwa (n = 19), mgwirizano pakati pa kuonera zolaula pa intaneti ndi zotsatira zingapo zamakhalidwe, zamaganizo ndi zachikhalidwe - kuyamba kugonana koyambirira, kuchita ndi mabwenzi angapo kapena nthawi zina, kutsanzira machitidwe oopsa ogonana, kuphatikiza maudindo olakwika a amuna ndi akazi, kusazindikira bwino thupi , nkhanza, zizindikiro za nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza - kwatsimikiziridwa.

Kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti pa umoyo wa ana akuwoneka kukhala kofunikira. Nkhaniyi silingathe kunyalanyazidwa ndipo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi maiko osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana. Kulimbitsa makolo, aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandiza pa nkhaniyi adzawathandiza kuchepetsa luso la kulingalira za zolaula, kuchepetsa ntchito zake ndi kupeza maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi oyenerera omwe ali oyenerera pa chitukuko chawo.

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Vogels, EA (2018). Kudzikonda: Kugwirizana pakati pa nkhani zogonana, chithunzi cha thupi, ndi zenizeni zomwe zimaonedwa. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-13. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kafukufuku wa Cherry-picked outlier wokhala ndi zotsatira zosalunjika (monga kusintha kwa ziwerengero) mu chitsanzo chosayimira.

Borgogna, NC, Lathan, EC, & Mitchell, A. (2019). Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Zovuta kwa Akazi Kukugwirizana ndi Chithunzi cha Thupi kapena Kukhutira ndi Ubale?. Chizolowezi Chogonana ndi Kukakamizidwa, 1-22. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Chidule cha Alliance chili ndi zolondola pang'ono chabe ndipo sichinapeze zotsatira zofunika (" kuwonera zolaula pafupipafupi, malingaliro okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndi zovuta zowongolera sizinali zogwirizana ndi chithunzi cha thupi "). Choyamba, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zina (osati zonse) za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika ndi chithunzi cha thupi zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati zotsatira zapadera. Chachiwiri, Alliance idasiya kuti zinthu zina za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika zinali zogwirizana ndi chithunzi choipa cha thupi. Chidule cha kafukufukuyu:

Zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zikuthandizira kufunika kwa njira zopezera umboni kwa akazi omwe ali ndi vuto loonera zolaula. Makamaka, zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti athawe mavuto amisala/maganizo amasonyezanso kuti thupi lawo silili bwino komanso kuti sakukhutira ndi ubale wawo.

Chachitatu, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, zolembazo zosamveka zanenedwa kuti nthawi zambiri kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunali kosagwirizana ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano. Zoona zenizeni, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, zinali zofanana ndi chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa. Kuchokera pa phunziro: RAS (#6) = "chikhutiro cha ubale":

Chidule cha thupi la phunziro:

Tinayang'ana makamaka ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuonera ndi zovuta zomwe zimawonedwa pa chithunzi cha thupi ndi kukhutira ndi ubale mwa akazi….. Komanso pankhani ya H1, kuchuluka kwa kuonera kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhutira ndi ubale wa akazi pamlingo wa bivariate.

Otsutsa sanatuluke kufufuza kofunikira.

Laan, E., Martoredjo, DK, Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., & van Lunsen, RH (2017). Chithunzi cha maliseche a akazi achichepere komanso zotsatira zake poona zithunzi za maliseche achilengedwe. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics & gynecology, 38(4), 249-255 . Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa mawu otchulidwa - popeza kafukufukuyu sakugwirizana ndi kuonera zolaula. Zidutswa kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:

Azimayi makumi anayi ndi atatu anawonetsedwa zithunzi za maliseche achilengedwe ( N = 29) kapena zithunzi za zinthu zopanda mbali ( N = 14). Chithunzi cha maliseche awo chinayesedwa asanawonedwe ndi zithunzizo komanso milungu iwiri pambuyo pake.

Zotsatira: Ambiri mwa ophunzirawo amamva bwino kwambiri za ziwalo zawo zamkati. Chifukwa chodziwika ndi zithunzi za chilengedwe chamtunduwu, zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chogonana, mosasamala kanthu za kugonana, kugonana, kudzidalira komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa. Amayi omwe adawona zithunzi zowonongeka, zotsatira zabwino pa chidziwitso cha chiwerewere zidakalipo pakatha masabata awiri.

Nkhani ikuwombera: Inu mukhoza kuphunzira anatomy popanda kuyendera Pornhub.

Kuti tiwonetse kusankhidwa kwa Alliance kosasamala komwe timachita timapereka kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi zolaula kwa anthu osauka komanso osakhutira thupi, zomwe adazisiya mwadala:

Zotsatira za Erotica pa Kukongola kwa Amuna Achinyamata pa Kukongola kwa Akazi Awo (1984) - Chidule:

Pambuyo pokumana ndi akazi okongola, kukongola kwa akazi kunatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuyesedwa komwe kunapangidwa pambuyo pokumana ndi akazi osakongola; kukongola kumeneku kunatenga malo apakati pambuyo pokumana ndi akazi osakongola.

Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Kukhutira Pakugonana (1988) - Chidule:

Ophunzira aamuna ndi aakazi komanso osaphunzira adawonetsedwa makanema owonetsa zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa kapena zinthu zopanda vuto. Kuwonetsedwa kwawo kunali mu magawo ola limodzi m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ophunzira adachita nawo kafukufuku wosagwirizana pankhani ya mabungwe azachikhalidwe ndi zokhutiritsa zawo. [Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziyesa kwa zomwe adakumana nazo pakugonana. Pambuyo poonera zolaula, ophunzirawo adanenanso kuti sakukhutira ndi anzawo apamtima—makamaka, ndi chikondi cha anzawo, mawonekedwe awo, chidwi chawo chogonana, komanso momwe amachitira zogonana moyenera.

Mphamvu ya zolaula zodziwika bwino pa ziweruzo za alendo ndi anzawo (1989) - Chidule:

Mu Kuyesera 2, amuna ndi akazi omwe adakumana ndi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi osiyana. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, panali kuyanjana kwa kugonana kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo ndi vuto la chilakolako cha kugonana. Zotsatira zochepa za kuwonekera pakati pa kugonana zidapezeka kwa amuna okha omwe adakumana ndi maliseche a akazi. Amuna omwe adapeza kuti pakatikati pa kugonana kwa Playboy -type centerfolds anali osangalatsa kwambiri adadziona kuti sakonda akazi awo kwenikweni.

Kudziwonetsera kwa Achinyamata ku Malo Oonera Nkhani Zogonana ndi Maganizo Awo Okhudza Akazi Ngati Zinthu Zogonana (2007) - Chidule:

Kuwonetsera kwa zolaula pa mafilimu pa intaneti ndi njira yokhayo yokhudzana ndi chikhulupiliro kuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chogonjetsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zogonana.

Kuona Zinthu Zosonyeza Kugonana ndi Kusiyanasiyana kwa Kulemekeza Thupi, Maganizo a Chiberekero, ndi Kulemekeza Kugonana pakati pa Amuna a ku Canada (2007) - Chidule:

Monga ananenedweratu, kugwirizana kwakukulu kunachitika pakati pa zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi machitidwe a chiwerewere ndi kugonana.

Kugonana ku America pa Intaneti: Kufufuza za Kugonana, Mkhalidwe wa Ukwati, ndi Kudziwika kwa Kugonana pa Kufunafuna Kugonana pa Intaneti ndi Zotsatira Zake (2008) - Chidule:

Izi zinali kufufuza za kugonana ndi ubale kufunafuna pa intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa anthu a 15,246 omwe anafunsidwa ku United States makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu mwa amuna ndi 41% azimayi anali ataonerera kapena kukopera zolaula. Amuna ndi anyamata kapena atsikana omwe amakhala ndi mwayi wochita zolaula kapena kuchita zinthu zina zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti poyerekeza ndi zovuta kapena akazi.

Ubale wofanana unaonekera pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chifukwa choonera zolaula, akazi akufotokoza zotsatirapo zoipa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kutsika kwa mawonekedwe a thupi, kutsutsa thupi la okondedwa awo, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti achite zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa m'mafilimu olaula, komanso kugonana kwenikweni, pomwe amuna amafotokoza kuti amatsutsa kwambiri thupi la okondedwa awo ndipo sakonda kwenikweni kugonana kwenikweni.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa Achinyamata ku Zinthu Zolaula pa Intaneti ndi Malingaliro a Akazi ngati Zinthu Zogonana: Kuwunika Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Njira Zoyambira (2009) - Chidule:

Komabe, mphamvu yachindunji ya malingaliro akuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana pa kugonana kwa SEIM inali yofunika kwambiri kwa anyamata achichepere okha. Kufufuza kwina kunasonyeza kuti, mosasamala kanthu za jenda la achinyamata, kukonda SEIM kunayambitsa mphamvu ya kugonana kwa SEIM pa zikhulupiriro zawo kuti akazi ndi zinthu zogonana , komanso momwe zikhulupiriro zimenezi zimakhudzira kugonana kwa SEIM.

Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zolemba Zogonana za Amuna: Kusanthula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kugonana (2014) - Chidule:

Tikunena kuti zolaula zimapanga zolemba zogonana zomwe zimatsogolera zochitika zogonana. Kuti tiyese izi, tidafunsa amuna aku koleji 487 (azaka 18-29) ku United States kuti tiyerekeze kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zomwe amakonda komanso nkhawa zogonana. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mwamuna akamaonera zolaula zambiri, amakhala ndi mwayi wozigwiritsa ntchito panthawi yogonana, kupempha zochita zinazake zogonana ndi mnzake, kupanga zithunzi za zolaula mwadala panthawi yogonana kuti asunge chilakolako , komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa pa momwe amagwirira ntchito pogonana komanso mawonekedwe a thupi lake . Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kunali kogwirizana ndi kusangalala ndi machitidwe ogonana ndi mnzanu.

Makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti komanso momwe achinyamata amaonera thupi lawo komanso momwe amaonera kugonana (2014) - Chidule:

Deta ya mafunde anayi pakati pa achinyamata 1132 a giredi lachisanu ndi chiwiri mpaka la 10 aku Dutch (avereji ya zaka pa mafunde 1: zaka 13.95; 52.7% anyamata) inasonkhanitsidwa. Zotsatira za kudziona pa mafunde 4 ndi njira za makolo zomwe zinkaneneratu machitidwe apaintaneti zinafufuzidwa powonjezera njira zobwerera ku zitsanzo za kukula.

Kuchuluka kwa ma genealogy oyamba komanso/kapena kukwera msanga kwa machitidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kudzidalira kochepa (kugwiritsa ntchito SNS kwa atsikana kokha), kuyang'anira thupi kwambiri, komanso kusakhutira pang'ono ndi zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana . Kupeza intaneti payekha komanso malamulo ochepa okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumawonetsa kutenga nawo mbali kwakukulu mu machitidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti. Ngakhale kuti machitidwe ambiri okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti sali ofala pakati pa achinyamata, achinyamata omwe amachita machitidwe oterewa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi malingaliro oipa pa thupi ndi kugonana.

Palibe Vuto Poyang'ana, Eti? Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula za Amuna, Chithunzi cha Thupi, ndi Ubwino (2014) - Chidule:

Kusanthula kwa njira kunawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kwa amuna kunali (a) kogwirizana ndi kusakhutira kwa minofu ndi mafuta m'thupi mwanjira ina kudzera mu kuyika mkati mwa lingaliro la mesomorphic, (b) kogwirizana ndi kuyamikira thupi mwachindunji komanso mwanjira ina kudzera mu kuyang'anira thupi ...

Kodi kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti kumawonjezera kusakhutira kwa thupi? Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali (2014)

Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wa ma wave awiri womwe unachitika pakati pa anthu 1879 omwe adayankha ku Netherlands omwe adayimira dziko lonse, tidapeza kuti kupezeka pafupipafupi ndi SEIM kumawonjezera kusakhutira kwa amuna ndi matupi awo onse komanso makamaka m'mimba mwawo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti ndi Chithunzi cha Thupi la Kugonana mu Chitsanzo cha Chidatchi (2016) - Chidule:

Kusakhutira ndi kukula kwa mbolo kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ... Zotsatirazi zikuthandizira malingaliro am'mbuyomu komanso malipoti odzidziwitsa okha okhudza ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chithunzi cha thupi la amuna.

Kuonera Nkhani Zokhudza Kugonana ndi Kugwirizana Kwake ndi Thanzi la Maganizo Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ku US (2017) - Zolemba Zina

Amuna achiwerewere ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) adanena kuti amawona zolaula zolaula (SEM) kusiyana ndi amuna amtundu uliwonse. Pali umboni wakuti kuyang'ana zambiri za SEM kungapangitse kukhala ndi maganizo oipa a thupi komanso kukhumudwa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku amene asanthula zochitika izi mofanana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri SEM kunali kogwirizana mwachindunji ndi malingaliro oipa a thupi komanso zizindikiro za kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa . Panalinso zotsatira zosalunjika za kugwiritsa ntchito SEM pa zizindikiro za kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa kudzera mu malingaliro a thupi. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa SEM pa chithunzi cha thupi ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamodzi ndi gawo lomwe chithunzi cha thupi chimachita pa zotsatira za nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwa GBM.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwa amuna ocheperako: Kugwirizana ndi kusakhutira kwa thupi, zizindikiro za matenda a kudya, malingaliro okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma anabolic steroids ndi moyo wabwino (2017) - Zolemba:

Chitsanzo cha amuna osakwatirana a 2733 omwe amakhala ku Australia ndi New Zealand anamaliza kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti omwe anali ndi zochitika zolaula, kusakhutira thupi, kudya zakudya za matenda, matenda okhudza anabolic steroid komanso khalidwe labwino. Otsatsa onse (98.2%) adanena kuti zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito maola a 5.33 pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse.

Kufufuza kwa Multivariate kunasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi minofu, mafuta a thupi ndi kutalika; zizindikiro zazikulu zowononga matenda; malingaliro owonjezereka okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anabolic steroid; ndi khalidwe lapansi la moyo.

Mauthenga Okhudza Kugonana Pa Intaneti, Kukhutitsidwa kwa Thupi, ndi Zoyembekeza za Anzanu Pakati pa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna: Kafukufuku Wodziwika (2017) - Chidule:

Mafunso okonzedwa pang'ono adachitidwa ndi 16 MSM, omwe adafotokoza za mphamvu ya SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM. Amuna onse asanu ndi anayi omwe adakambirana nkhani zokhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa thupi ndi ziyembekezo za okondedwa awo adanena kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM idakhazikitsa ziyembekezo zapamwamba kwambiri kwa iwo eni ndi/kapena okondedwa awo omwe angakhale nawo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti Pakati pa Akazi Aku koleji: Maganizo a Amuna ndi Akazi, Kuyang'anira Thupi, ndi Khalidwe Logonana (2018) - Chidule:

Azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti adalimbikitsa kwambiri kugwiriridwa, chiwerengero chokwanira cha kugonana, komanso kuyang'anitsitsa thupi.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zolimbikitsa Anthu ndi Makhalidwe Abwino a Akazi Ochita Labiaplasty (2018) - Zidule:

Hafu ya odwalawo adanena kuti anali ndi lingaliro la maliseche a akazi (50.7%) ndipo adakhudzidwa ndi nkhani (47.9%). Ambiri mwa iwo (71.8%) adati analibe maliseche abwinobwino ndipo adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito labiaplasty miyezi yoposa 6 yapitayo (88.7%). Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwezi watha chinali 19.7% ndipo chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi kudziona ngati wopanda pake komanso kudzidalira.

Malingaliro okhudza kukakamizidwa kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi wake kuti akhale woonda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: Kugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ovutika kudya m'gulu la akazi akuluakulu (2019) - Kafukufuku wokhudza momwe zolaula zimakhudzira mkazi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu adasanthula mitundu iwiri yothandizana nawo yomwe imafotokozedwa kuti imalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo za azimayi a ED: zipsinjo zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa amuna amuna ndi akazi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe anthu omwe ali nawo panopa komanso omwe anali nawo kale kunali kogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba za ED, zomwe zinasintha malinga ndi zaka ndi malipoti a akazi akuti akuvutika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku . Kupsinjika kokhudzana ndi kuwonda kwa anzawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe anthu omwe ali nawo kale anali nazo kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za ED mwachindunji komanso kudzera mu internalization yocheperako, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe anthu omwe ali nawo panopa anali nazo kunali kogwirizana ndi zizindikiro za ED.

Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zochitika Zapafupi za Akazi Ogonana Ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Ena (2019) - Zolemba:

Pakati pa ogula akazi omwe anali kuchita zachiwerewere, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa maliseche pofuna kudziseweretsa maliseche kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya malingaliro ya script yolaula panthawi yokumbukira zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu, kudalira kwambiri zolaula kuti akwaniritse ndikusunga chilakolako cha kugonana, komanso kukonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambitsa kwambiri script yolaula panthawi yogonana, m'malo mongoonera zolaula, kunagwirizanitsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kusadzidalira pa mawonekedwe awo komanso kuchepa kwa chisangalalo cha chiwerewere monga kupsompsonana kapena kugwiranagwirana panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu.

Zotsatira za Chikhalidwe cha Anthu pa Kukula kwa Mbolo ya Amuna ndi Zisankho Zokhudza Kuwonjezeka kwa Mbolo: Kafukufuku Wodziwika (2019) - Zidule:

Amuna ambiri sakukhutira ndi kukula kwa mbolo yawo ndipo akufuna njira zodzikongoletsera zokulitsa kukula kwa mbolo yawo. Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe chomwe chimakopa amuna kuti aganizire njirazi… .. Mafunso omwe adafunsidwa m'modzi ndi m'modzi adachitika ndi amuna achikulire asanu ndi mmodzi omwe kale anali ndi vuto la penile.

Mitu itatu yayikulu idatuluka mu zokambirana, zomwe ndi "chikoka cha zolaula", "kuyerekeza ndi anzawo" ndi "kuseka kokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe osalunjika". Amunawa adazindikira kuti mbolo zazikulu za amuna ochita sewero la zolaula zidasokoneza malingaliro awo a kukula kwa mbolo wamba. Amuna onse adayerekeza kukula kwa mbolo yawo ndi anzawo, nthawi zambiri m'chipinda chosinthira zovala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamva kuti mbolo yawo inali yaying'ono chifukwa cha izi.

Kukula N'kofunika Pambuyo pa Zonse: Umboni Woyesera Woti Kugwiritsa Ntchito SEM Kumakhudza Kugonana ndi Kulemekeza Thupi mwa Amuna (2019) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wakale adapeza kuti zithunzi zomwe zimawonetsedwa m'manyuzipepala akuluakulu zimakhudza kudzidalira, makamaka pakati pa akazi. Chifukwa cha kupezeka mosavuta ndi kufalitsa zinthu zolaula (SEM) m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka chifukwa cha kukwera kwa intaneti, zanenedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito SEM akhoza kudzidalira pang'ono mofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu kafukufuku wokhudza kuwonetsedwa kwa zithunzi zapa TV zazikulu.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, uwu ndi kafukufuku woyamba kufufuza mwachindunji zotsatira za kuwonetsedwa kwa SEM pa kudzidalira kwa boma poyerekeza ndi zotsatsa za atolankhani zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito amuna ndi akazi onse pakupanga koyesera. Monga momwe akuganizira, amuna omwe adapezeka ndi SEM adanenanso kuti chiwerengero chawo chatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe adawona zithunzi za atolankhani kapena omwe sanawone zithunzi konse.

Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa SEM kumakhudza kudzidalira kwa boma kwa ogula amuna, makamaka za kukula ndi mawonekedwe a ziwalo zawo zoberekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidziyerekeza. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu pamutuwu adakhazikitsidwa makamaka pakudzifotokozera; Njira zathu zimawonekera momveka bwino kwa ophunzira ku SEM pakusonkhanitsa deta.

Opanga Chigawo

Nkhani/Zoona : Palibe membala aliyense wa Alliance amene analemba kafukufuku wokhudza ochita zolaula. Komanso, tsamba la Alliance limati likuda nkhawa ndi "zotsatira za mafilimu ogonana" pa owonera. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani Alliance yapereka gawo lokhala ndi maphunziro awiri osankhidwa bwino omwe akufotokoza nkhani zabwino zokhudza ochita zolaula achikazi? Yankho lake ndi lodziwikiratu: Alliance imagwira ntchito yolimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuthandizira zolinga za makampani opanga zolaula (monga momwe zimafunikira). Ngati mukuganiza kuti tikukokomeza onani zomwe "akatswiri" amalemba pa akaunti yawo ya Twitter.

Maphunziro a Mgwirizano :

Griffith, JD, Mitchell, S., Hart, CL, Adams, LT, & Gu, LL (2013) . Ochita sewero la zolaula: Kuwunika lingaliro la zinthu zowonongeka. Journal of Sex Research, 50(7), 621-632. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Chitsanzo china cha kutola zinthu mokoma mtima kwa Alliance. N’chifukwa chiyani a Deniers’ Alliance sanafufuze kafukufuku wotsatirawu pa ochita mafilimu akuluakulu?

Dubin, JM, Greer, AB, Valentine, C., O'Brien, IT, Leue, EP, Paz, L., … & Ramasamy, R. (2019). Kuwunika Zizindikiro za Kulephera Kugonana kwa Akazi mwa Ochita Zosangalatsa Akuluakulu. Buku la mankhwala ogonana. Ulalo wa pa intaneti

Kusanthula : Zomwe zapezekazi sizodabwitsa chifukwa ambiri angayembekezere kuti akazi ochita zolaula azikhala ndi vuto lochepa la kugonana kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amanenera. Choyamba, anthu ambiri akuphatikizapo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a thupi kapena amisala omwe amakhudza thanzi la kugonana komanso thanzi lonse (shuga, matenda amisala, kuvutika maganizo, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, ululu wosatha, ndi zina zotero). Komanso, anthu otchuka pa zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba thupi, okongola, othamanga pa kugonana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amanena kuti anayamba kale kugonana. Komabe, kuchepa kwa vuto la kugonana sikufanana ndi kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Komabe, mawu awa ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kukonda kwambiri kugonana kwa a Deniers: bungwe la Alliance silinafufuze kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi gulu lomwelo lofufuza . Linanena kuti kuchuluka kwa amuna ogonana ...

Nazi zitsanzo za akaunti ya Alliance ya Twitter yolimbikitsa kuphunzira kwa akazi (koma osati kuphunzira kwa amuna):

Apanso, kulimbikitsa phunziro kwa oimba akazi okha: