Kuchita zachiwerewere monga chizolowezi: chipembedzo ndi chisokonezo cha makhalidwe monga owonetsera kuti amalephera kuonera zolaula (2015)

Izi zowunika zaposachedwa kwambiri komanso zazikuluzikulu zimapitilira zonse zolembedwa pansipa - Kodi Grubbs akukoka ubweya m'maso mwathu ndi kafukufuku wake "wodziwika zolaula"? (2016)

ZOCHITSA NDI ZOTHANDIZA KWAMBIRI: Olemba awiri oyambilira omwe akufalitsa maphunziro a CPUI-9 ndi Moral Incongruence (Joshua Grubbs ndi a Samuel Perry) adatsimikiza zokonda zawo poyambira onse mwawonekedwe adalumikizana ndi othandizira Chithunzi cha Nicole ndi David Ley poyesera kuti chete YourBrainOnPorn.com. Perry, Grubbs ndi akatswiri ena a pro-porn ku www.realyourbrainonporn.com akuchita nawo kuphwanya malamulo kosamaloledwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo. Wowerenga ayenera kudziwa izi RealYBOP twitter (ndi kuvomerezedwa kowoneka ndi akatswiri ake) akutenga nawo gawo pakuyipitsa ndi kuvutitsa a Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Gabe Deem ndi NCOSE, Laila Mickelwait, Gail Dinesndipo aliyense amene amalankhula zolaula za porn. Kuphatikiza apo, David Ley ndi akatswiri ena awiri a "RealYBOP" tsopano kulipidwa ndi makampani ojambula zolaula chimphona chachikulu cha xHamster kulimbikitsa mawebusayiti ake (ie StripChat) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso zolaula ndizabodza! Prause (amene imayendetsa RealYBOP twitter) zikuwoneka kuti osangalatsa kwambiri ndi makampani oonera zolaula, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito RealYBOP twitter kuti zolimbikitsa makanema azolaula, kuteteza PornHub (yomwe idasunga makanema ogulitsa ana zolaula komanso kugonana), ndi khalani nawo omwe akulimbikitsa pempholi kuti agwire PornHub imakhala ndi mlandu. Tikhulupirira kuti "akatswiri" a RealYBOP akuyenera kulembetsa umembala wawo wa RealYBOP kuti ndi "mkangano wosangalatsa" m'mabuku awo owunikiridwa ndi anzawo.

Arch Sex Behav. 2015 Jan;44(1):125-36. doi: 10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z. Epub 2014 Feb 12.

Grubbs JB 1 , Exline JJ , Pargament KI , Hook JN , Carlisle RD.

Kudalirika

Kuzindikira zolaula pa intaneti kumawonekeranso ngati chidwi. Kafukufuku wapano adawunikanso gawo lomwe zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo komanso kutsutsana ndi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimachitika kuti munthu azolowera zolaula za pa intaneti. Zotsatira zochokera m'maphunziro awiri m'maphunziro a digiri yoyamba (Phunziro 1, N = 331; Phunziro 2, N = 97) adawonetsa kuti panali ubale wolimba pakati pazipembedzo komanso kuzolowera zolaula komanso kuti ubalewu udalumikizidwa chifukwa chotsutsa zolaula. Zotsatirazi zidapitilira ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kupembedza kunaneneratu kuti kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kupembedza sikunkagwirizana ndi magwiritsidwe ake. Mtundu wofanizira wopanga kuchokera pachitsanzo cha akulu pa intaneti (Phunziro 3, N = 208) idawulula zotsatira zofananira. Makamaka, kupembedza kunaneneratu mwamphamvu za chizolowezi, ngakhale atakhala ovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, kudziletsa, kuyankha koyanjana ndi anthu, kuchitira nkhanza, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula) kumachitika nthawi zonse. Mwachidule, kafukufuku wapano adawonetsa kuti kupembedza komanso kutsutsana ndi zolaula ndizolosera zamtsogolo zolaula zomwe sizimagwirizana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Ndemanga za YBOP:

Choyamba, kutanthauza kuti munthu sangakhale woledzera amene nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti sikolondola pankhani ya zizolowezi za pa intaneti (mulimonsemo, anthu omwe Grubbs adawonetsa kuti akugwirizana ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito). Kafukufuku wasonyeza kale kuti mavuto a pa intaneti (zonse zolaula ndi masewera) sizikugwirizana ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito, koma m'malo mwake ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa chilakolako ndi kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu omwe amatsegulidwa pankhani ya zolaula, komanso chilakolako cha kusewera ndi zolinga zosewera pankhani ya vuto la masewera.

Kenako, anthu achipembedzo sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kuposa anthu osapembedza. Komabe, pakati pa anthu achipembedzo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mwina, pamlingo wina, si "chizolowezi chodziwika," koma chizolowezi chenicheni chomwe chimagwirizana, mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, ndi chipembedzo. Zikuwoneka kuti ulusi wamba womwe umapangitsa kuti zochita zikondweretse kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa dopamine komwe kumatulutsidwa (kenako njira zamphamvu za glutamate pakapita nthawi).

Sikuti ndi malingaliro azakugonana okha omwe amakweza dopamine. Kuda nkhawa kumathandizanso dopamine. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuda nkhawa kumawonjezera kudzutsa chilakolako chogonana:

Mwachionekere, ngati mukuganiza kuti kuonera zolaula kungapangitse wopanga wanu kukutsutsani, ndiye kuti zingayambitse nkhawa ... zomwe zingakupangitseni kuona kuti chochitikacho chikukulimbikitsani kwambiri . M'malo mwake, mumaganiza molakwika kuti kuyankha kwakukulu kwa thupi lanu ku nkhawa (cortisol, norepinephrine muubongo) ndi chilakolako chogonana. Choyambitsa vutoli chingawoneke ngati "chopindulitsa" komanso choyenera kubwerezedwanso. Zimenezi zingayambitse mikangano mtsogolo, komanso nkhawa zambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti kuchita zinthu "zoletsedwa" kukhale kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Koma nayi mfundo: Chizolowezi chilichonse chogonana chomwe chimawonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana + nkhawa chingayambitse vuto lomwelo - popanda chipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu wosapembedza, kuonera zolaula zazing'ono, kapena zolaula zomwe munthuyo amakhulupirira kuti sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda, kapena zolaula zonyansa, kapena zolaula za akazi, zitha kukulitsa chilakolako cha kugonana ngati zimabweretsa nkhawa - mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zinthu zina zomwe Grubbs amalamulira. Mwatsoka, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti masiku ano, kaya ndi achipembedzo kapena ayi, nthawi zambiri amafika pazinthu zopangitsa nkhawa pofunafuna mawu chifukwa sakuyankha mwamphamvu ku zolimbikitsa kugonana za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mwachidule, ngakhale titathetsa chipembedzo, manyazi ndi kudzimva kuti ndife olakwa mawa, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ena apitilizabe kukhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Kudzuka kwambiri (komwe kumakulitsidwa ndi zinthu monga zinthu zoopsa komanso zinthu zatsopano zosatha) kudzakhala kolimbikitsa kwambiri ubongo wa ena ngakhale osaopa gehena. Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ena angagwiritse ntchito nthawi zambiri koma amakhalabe ndi nkhawa ndi zomwe akuonera, motero amapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula pa intaneti n'kosangalatsa, kosangalatsa komanso kosokoneza bongo - kaya amadziona ngati oledzera kapena ayi.

Zachidziwikire, ogwiritsa ntchito omwe si achipembedzo omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira nkhawa satetezedwa ku zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula. Mabwalo obwezeretsa adzaza ndi anyamata otere. M'malo mwake osagwiritsa ntchito zipembedzo amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa kuposa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito achipembedzo asanayesere kusiya chifukwa sanachenjezedwe kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kuli ndi zoopsa.

Popanda kulongosola zomwe zimayambitsa ubongo zomwe zimapangitsa kupembedza kukhala chiopsezo, Grubbs et al. atha kupanga chithunzi chosocheretsa kuti "chipembedzo," m'malo mwakuti "kukwezedwa kwakukulu" ndi komwe kumayambitsa. Ndikutanthauza (m'manja mwa omasulira), bola ngati simukupembedza, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndikotetezeka kwathunthu.

Mwatsoka, kafukufuku ngati uyu akuwonjezera nthano kuti "ndi anthu achipembedzo okha omwe ali ndi vuto ndi zolaula." Koma, kwenikweni, anthu ambiri osapembedza amakhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi zolaula chifukwa palibe amene amawachenjeza, ndipo amaphonya (kapena kulakwitsa) zizindikiro zawo zomwe zikukula. Amakhala "osadziwa bwino" kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo sanganene kuti "zizolowezi zomwe amazindikira," ngati atafunsidwa, ngakhale atazolowera kwambiri malinga ndi miyezo yachipatala. Ndipotu, ngakhale atapeza kuti mavuto awo akuluakulu (monga kusintha kwa zokonda zogonana, kulephera kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, ED/kulephera kufika pachimake ndi wokondedwa) akhoza kukhala okhudzana ndi zolaula, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri osapembedza sakhulupirirabe kuti ndi zolaula - mpaka atasiya ndipo mavuto awo okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zizindikiro zina zoopsa zimatha. (Zoonadi, ena mwa omwe ali ndi vuto logonana lokhudzana ndi zolaula amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa sali osokoneza bongo, ngakhale kuti adakhala ndi mavuto aakulu okhudzana ndi kugonana kudzera pa intaneti.)

Zotsatira za Grubbs et al zikhoza kufotokozedwa, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti anthu achipembedzo amadziwitsidwa bwino (kapena, nthawi zina amadziwitsidwa bwino) za kuopsa kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, kotero "amalumikiza madontho" mofulumira komanso pamwamba kuchuluka komwe amafunsidwa za zomwe amakonda? Anthu achipembedzo mwina nawonso amakonda kuyimitsa, motero amakhala ndi chizolowezi chodzipatula kapena kuzindikira kuti sangathe kuwongolera, (ngakhale mwina) pafupipafupi, (zomwe zimadzipangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa). Mosiyana ndi izi, osapembedza samangoganiza zoyesa kuletsa zolaula kuti sangakhale ndi zilakolako zazikulu ndi zizindikiritso zakusiya pokhapokha atadzipweteka kukhoma kapena 'kupweteketsa ndikuyesera kusiya.

Ngati chipembedzo chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa "kukhulupirira chizolowezi cha zolaula," munthu angayembekezere kuti ambiri mwa omwe ali pamisonkhano yobwezeretsa zolaula ndi achipembedzo. Sizimene timaona. Msonkhano wotchuka kwambiri wolankhula Chingerezi wobwezeretsa zolaula womwe timaudziwa, r/nofap , udafunsa mamembala awo (mu 2012). 60+% ya mamembala awo sanali achipembedzo (23% anali Achikhristu).

Pambuyo pa kafukufukuyu, "Christian nofap" idakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa achipembedzo pa r / nofap ndikotsika tsopano. Pakufufuza kwam'mbuyomu, 11% yokha ndi yomwe idasiya chifukwa chachipembedzo. Kuyambira kafukufuku woyamba, kuchuluka kwa mamembala pa r / nofap kwaphulika. Ndi mamembala a 160K + tsopano, komanso osapembedza.