Kuchita njuga: vuto la munthu kapena makina? (2018)

Vuto 5, No. 1, p20-21, Januari 2018

Murat Yücel, Adrian Carter, Kevin Harrigan, A Ruth J van Holst, Charles Livingstone

Wolemba: Januwale 2018

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30467-4

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chakutchova njuga kwachikale ndi ambiri, ndipo zimakhudza anthu omwewo, mabanja, olemba anzawo ntchito, komanso madera. Pomwe kukula kwa vuto la kutchova njuga kwa osewera makina otchovera njuga yamagetsi (EGMs) kumakhudzanso kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu zingapo (mwachitsanzo, njira zopangira zisankho, kupezeka kwa malo ogulitsa njuga), kukukula kukuzindikira udindo wamakina opangira makina kupitilira kwa chisokonezo.1, 2 Tinena kuti ma EGM amapangidwa mwadala ndi zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso (mawonekedwe ake) omwe amasintha zinthu zofunikira pakupanga zisankho ndi machitidwe a anthu, monga mawonekedwe apakale komanso opangira, malingaliro okhudzana, komanso malingaliro a dopamine. Makhalidwe ake amaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zapamwamba (zopangitsa kusewera mosalekeza), magawo olimbitsa osasinthika, pafupi ndi zophonya, kutayika komwe kumawoneka ngati kupambana, kubetcha kwa ma multiline, komanso kupititsa patsogolo mawu komanso zowonjezera.3 Mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake pa imzake sikudziwika, koma kuphatikiza komweku mwina kumakupatsani mwayi wopita kumaganizo ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi juga. Mawonekedwe awa akhoza kufotokozera chifukwa chake, monga mitundu ina ya njuga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi EGM kumalumikizidwa ndi njira yolimbikitsira njuga zovulaza, kuphatikizapo kutchova njuga kosaloledwa, ndi zina zambiri za zovutazo.4 Kupezeka kwatsopano kwa EGMs komanso kutchukitsa kutchova juga kudzera kutsatsa komanso kupezeka kwawonjezera izi. Tikupangira kuti zophatikizika zama makina awa - zopangidwira anthu zimakhala zowonjezereka za mkhalidwewo momwe mchitidwewo ukupitira patsogolo kuchoka pachizolowezi kupita ku chisokonezo kapena kukopeka (chiwerengero).

Mtundu wamaganizidwe amomwe mapangidwe a makina amagetsi a juga (EGMs) amagwirizanirana ndi kapangidwe ka ma neurobiology a anthu, kuzindikira, ndi kachitidwe pamigawo ya njuga

Makina olimbikitsira kusuta5 imapereka chida champhamvu cha momwe ma striatal dopamine amagwirira ntchito, momwe amawongolera, komanso malingaliro osinthika amatha kuphatikiza chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwongolero ndikuwonjezera kuyendetsa njuga pamene munthu yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha vuto la njuga akukumana ndi ma EGM. Kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane kumayanjana pakati pamapangidwe opangira makina awa ndi zomwe zimapangidwa popanga chisankho ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikiza zomwe amachita pakati pamagulu osatetezeka (achinyamata, omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, kapena omwe ali ndi nkhawa yayikulu). mankhwala otetezeka a njuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni zenizeni komanso njira zamautomatiki kapena zosankha kungapereke kufufuzidwa kwazinthu zenizeni komanso zenizeni zenizeni zokhudzana ndi zovuta, kuzindikira, komanso kusintha kwakuthupi pamene mukuchita njuga.

Kusintha kwachangu kwa malamulo a EGM kuti muchepetse kuwononga kakhalidwe kavuto lokhudzana ndi juga ndikofunikira. Mwayi wokwanira kuwongolera kuti kuchepetsa kufalikira ndi kuvulaza njuga, kuphatikizapo malo ndi makina, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a EGM, kumvetsetsa kwa womvera ndi chidziwitso, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe othandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti apange ndikuyang'ana malire a njuga.2 Nthawi yakwana yoti tipewe kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi kutchova juga komanso kuteteza madera athu.

Palibe ndalama yomwe idalandilidwa malinga ndi nkhani yapano. NKHANI yanga imapereka lipoti kuchokera ku National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia Council Council, A David Winston Turner Endowment Fund, ochokera ku yunivesite ya Monash, komanso kuchokera kumabungwe amilandu pokhudzana ndi lipoti la umboni wa akatswiri. AC ikuti lipereka ndalama kuchokera ku National Health and Medical Research Council, panthawi ya kafukufukuyu. CL ikupereka zopereka kuchokera ku Victorian Responsible Guga Foundation, Australia Research Council, Mzinda wa Melbourne, Maribyrnong City Council, Mzinda wa Whittlesea, Alliance for Gossip Reform, kunja kwa ntchito yomwe idatumizidwa. RJvH ndi KH alengeza kuti alibe mipikisano.

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