Kenji Kobayashi ndi Ming Hsu
PNAS Juni 25, 2019 116 (26) 13061-13066; lofalitsidwa koyamba pa June 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820145116
Kufunika
Ndikofunikira kuposa kale kufunafuna chidziwitso modekha. Ngakhale kuli kwanzeru kupeza chidziwitso pongothandiza phindu, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso chopanda pake chifukwa cha malingaliro am'malingaliro, monga chidwi komanso kusangalatsidwa kwa chiyembekezo. Apa tikuwonetsa kuti zolinga zothandizira komanso zopanda umboni zimachulukitsidwa mu kukula kwa chidziwitso (SVOI) mu ubongo wamunthu. Zambiri zomwe anthu amafunsa kuti apange chisankho chachuma zinajambulidwa ndi mtundu wa SVOI, womwe umangowonetsera phindu komanso chidziwitso chomwe chimapereka. SVOI idayimilidwa m'magawo azikhalidwe zamtundu, ndikugawana nambala yodziwika ndi mphotho yayikulu yayikulu. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti njira yowerengera imaphatikiza zolinga zingapo poyendetsa njira yofunafuna chidziwitso.
Kudalirika
Kufufuza zambiri zofunikira ndikofunikira pakulunjika kuzitsogozo. Umboni ukukula ukuonetsa kufunikira kwa zolinga zamkati monga chidwi kapena chidwi chatsopano, zolumikizidwa kudzera munjira zowonetsera ma dopaminergic, poyendetsa njira yofunafuna zambiri. Komabe, kuyikira chidziwitso pachokha kungakhale kopanda malire pamene othandizira akuyenera kuwunikira phindu lambiri lazidziwitso mtsogolo. Apa tikuwonetsa kuti njira yofunafuna chidziwitso mwa anthu imayendetsedwa ndi mtengo wothandizidwa ndi zolinga komanso zopanda zolinga, ndikuti mtengo wofunikawu wa chidziwitso (SVOI) umagawana code ya neural yodziwika ndi phindu lofunikira kwambiri. Makamaka, pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yomwe nkhani zitha kugula zidziwitso kuti tipewe kutsimikizika pa zotsatira za lottery yachuma, tapeza kuti zogula zidziwitso zitha kujambulidwa ndi mtundu wa SVOI wophatikiza zofunikira zoyembekeza, mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi chidziwitso chofunafuna, kuwonjezera pothandiza. Mwachilengedwe, kusintha kwakuyesa ndi kuyesa mu SVOI kunaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika mu striatum ndi ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Kuphatikiza apo, kupatula kwa magawo awiri kunavumbula kuti, mkati mwa zigawozi, SVOI ndikuyembekeza zofunikira za ma lottery zimayimiridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito code wamba. Zotsatira izi zimapereka chothandizira pa malingaliro amodzi wamba a ndalama komanso zimapereka chidziwitso pakuwongolera njira zomwe zimafunafuna chidziwitso.
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