Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kutha Kusokonezeka Kuphatikizidwa mu New DSM-5
Ngakhale kuti maseŵera olimbitsa thupi pa intaneti ndi atsopano, iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba imene American Psychiatric Association inalimbikitsa matendawa kuti apitirize kuphunzira.
MLUNDU, May 20, 2013 - Atakwanitsa zaka 20 akuchita masewera a kanema, Ryan Van Cleave akukumbukira zaka zitatu zomwe malingaliro ake onse amalamulidwa ndi chilengedwe china chotchedwa "The World of Warcraft," masewera otchuka pa intaneti pomwe osewera ambiri amatenga nawo mbali sewerani ndikuwongolera otchulidwa mdziko lalikulu pomwe mukumenyana ndi zoopsa wina ndi mnzake. Pulofesa wokwatiwa wa koleji komanso bambo wa awiri ochokera ku Sarasota, Fla., Akuti pomwe ena anali kukhala moyo wabwinobwino, anali kukhala mdziko lino mosinthana momwe angaganizire za zida zamphamvu kwambiri, kudandaula za ulemu wapamtunda womwe akuyenera kupeza, ndikudzidera nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa otchulidwa.
Van Cleave, wolemba bukuli, anati: "Ndinawonongedwa ndi chilengedwe chonse chosatha Unplugged: Ulendo Wanga Kulowa M'mdima Wamdima wa Masewero a Video (2010). "Zinali ngati kuti umbilical chingwe chosawoneka chimandipangitsa kuti ndikhale wolumikizidwa mpaka pano pamasewera omwe amandisangalatsa nthawi iliyonse ndikadzuka. Panali kulakalaka kosalekeza. Pamene sindinasewere, ndimamva ngati gawo langa silikusowa. Panali chosowa m'moyo wanga. Kusewera kunali kuchotsa kusowa, malingaliro olakwika. "
Psychotherapy Yagwiritsidwa Ntchito pa Web AddictsVan Cleave anasiya kusewera, kutentha kozizira, ku 2007 ndipo wakhala akudzipereka kuti adziwitse anthu za kuopsa kochita masewera ndi zolemba zake. Iye amasangalala kuona kuti "Intaneti ikugwiritsa ntchito vuto la masewera"Potsiriza wakhala akuvomereza ngati matenda mu" DSM-5 "yatsopano ("Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto a Mitsempha, "May 2013), omwe adawonekera ku San Francisco pamsonkhano wapachaka wa American Psychiatric Association (APA) sabata ino.Kumakayikirabe kuti kusewera ndi kugwiritsira ntchito intaneti ndiko matenda aumtima kwaokha kapena akugwirizana ndi mtundu woledzera. Intaneti imagwiritsa ntchito DSM-5 monga "chofunika kuti mupitirize kuphunzira" ndipo simukusowa njira yowunikira yomwe mungapeze ndi kumwa mowa ndi njuga, koma Van Cleve adati sadasowe buku la maganizo Muuzeni kuti kusewera kanema kungakhale vuto lalikulu kwa ena.
"Ndikudziwa kuti ndi zenizeni," adatero. "Kaya mumazitcha kuti 'masewera osokoneza bongo a kanema' kapena 'masewera osokoneza bongo' kapena chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe, ndikudziwa kuti ili ndi mphamvu zowononga ambiri ochita masewerawa. Ndizovuta kunena ndendende pomwe ndinali "chizolowezi" chifukwa ndimakhala pachibwenzi choyipa kwanthawi yayitali ndimasewera apakanema - zaka makumi awiri kapena kuposerapo. Zachidziwikire, zaka zitatu zapitazi ndimasewera - pomwe ndimasewera World of Warcraft kokha kwa maola 50 pa sabata - kuwerengedwa [ngati chizolowezi]. ”
"Izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense amene amachita masewerawa ndi osokoneza bongo, komanso sindikunena kuti masewera a kanema ndi oyipa," anawonjezera Van Cleave. “Kuchita masewera apakanema kwa mphindi 45 kuchokera kusukulu kapena kuntchito ndibwino. Kusewera mpaka 4:30 m'mawa ndizochepa. ”
Masewera a Masewera Okonzedwa Kuti Adzagonjetse
Russell Hyken, Ph.D., Ed.S, ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wofufuza zachipatala yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zomwe amachitcha "kuledzera kwa intaneti." Amakonda kuona izi achinyamata ndi achinyamata, makasitomala kuchipatala. Koma akunena kuti ngakhale kuti anthu angadze kusewera ndi zifukwa zosiyana za maganizo, maseŵerawa apangidwa kuti awawathandize.
"Masewera a pakompyuta kwenikweni amapangidwa kukhala ovuta," anatero Dr. Hyken, yemwe ndi wolemba The Parent Playbook (2012). "Cholinga chanu ndi kupitilizabe bwino mpikisano wanu womwe umapangitsa kuti mukhale osokonezeka. Chikhalidwe cha masewera ambiri oseŵera masewera chimapangitsa kukhala amtundu wa anthu ena amalingaliro. Ikhoza kudzaza zosungulumwa komanso kudziteteza. Izi zikuwonjezeranso chidwi cha ma intaneti, ma cyber. "
Mwamwayi, chomwe chimayambira ngati chilakolako chopanda chidziwitso cha malo ammudzi, kapena chinachake chochepetseratu kusungunuka ndi kubweretsa chisangalalo, akhoza kusintha kukhala khalidwe losokoneza. "Sindikuganiza kuti kusuta masewera amakanema ndikofanana ndi zizolowezi zina ngakhale kumawunikira malo omwewo osangalalira muubongo omwe mowa ndi mankhwala zimakhudza," adatero Hyken. "Funso nlakuti, 'Kodi izi zikukhudza bwanji moyo wa munthu?' Kutengeka kwakanthawi kofanana sikofanana ndi omwe amachita masewerawa nthawi yayitali pomwe akupewa sukulu kapena kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi. M'malo mwake, palibe mndandanda wa nthawi yomwe munthu amasewera kuti awonedwe ngati osokoneza bongo. Izi zati, ngati moyo wakhudzidwa kwambiri, munthu amakhala wosuta kwambiri. ”
"Zingakhale zoipa kwambiri," adatero. "Ndinali ndi kasitomala yemwe ameta tsitsi lake kuti azitha kusewera kwambiri ndikupewa kusamba ndi wina kasitomala yemwe ankamukoka mu jug kuti azisewera. Zowonjezereka, komabe, ndi munthu amene amasiya kupita ku sukulu ndipo amamudzi akuvutika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, oledzerawa akhoza kukhala okwiya (kuthamanga kapena kuvutitsa) pamene makolo akukoka pulagi. '"
Hyken anati pali mafunso okhudza izi kukhala "zowononga kwenikweni" chifukwa amagawana mbali zina za zoledzeretsa zina, OCD, ndi zina. "Kungakhale munthu wa Asperger akuyang'ana kuti agwirizane; kapena munthu wovutika maganizo amene akufuna kudzipatula yekha pawindo; kapena wophunzira wosaphunzira wopunduka akuyang'ana kuti adzipange kudzidalira ndikupewa ntchito ya kusukulu, "Hyken adanena.
Gawo lovuta kwambiri la matendawa ndikuti palibe teknoloji yopulumuka. "Mosiyana ndi mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zingapewe moyo, munthu ayenera kuyanjana ndi teknoloji," adatero.
Chinyengo ndicho kupewa masewera a kanema, anatero Van Cleave. Choyamba muyenera kuzindikira kuti muli ndi vuto.
"Ndinazindikira kuti ndinali ndi zovuta zoyipa pantchito yanga, moyo wabanja langa, komanso thanzi langa lonse," adatero. "Sindikudya bwino, ndimakhala wopanda nkhawa za ine ndekha, ndipo ndimapanga moyo wanga wonse potengera zomwe zidachitika pamasewerawa - zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha magonedwe kuti ndizisewera ndi '; abwenzi' ochokera ku New Zealand."
Adaganiza kuti ayenera kusiya - ozizira Turkey. Banja lake silinkafuna kuthandiza chifukwa anali atamukwiyira pazaka zake zowanyalanyaza chifukwa chofuna kusuta. Iye samadziwa ayi Pulogalamu yotsatira ya 12 panthawiyo. Van Cleve adati kuchoka kunali kovuta.
Iye anati: “Sindingathe kudya. “Ndinadwala mutu. Sindingathe kugona usiku kwa milungu ingapo. Mwadzidzidzi ndinazindikira kuti ndinali ndi manja ndipo sindinadziwe chochita nawo. Ndinapitilizabe kuyendetsa masewera am'mutu mwanga. Zinanditengera milungu ndi milungu kuti ndiyambenso kumva bwino. ”
Iye adati chinthu chokha chomwe chidamupangitsa kuti akhale wopusitsika. Momwemo, adachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti adzichotse pa masewerawo. "Ndidachotsa pamakina anga, ndikuphwanya ma disc, ndikusintha mawu achinsinsi pa intaneti kukhala chinthu chosadziwika bwino chomwe sindinadziwe," adatero. "Zikanatengera khama la Herculean kuti adziwe momwe angatengere masewerawa."
"Cholinga changa ndikudziwitsa anthu za mphamvu zamagetsi," adatero Van Cleave. “Sizili ngati kuonera TV. Ndiwothandiza. Zimakhudzidwa kwambiri m'njira iliyonse, ndipo zimatikhudza kwambiri kuposa zokumana nazo zilizonse. Ngati makolo otanganidwa kwambiri azindikira izi, sangakhale ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema komanso intaneti ngati olera ana pa digito. Atha kutenga nthawi kuti adziwe zomwe ana awo akusewera - ndipo bwanji. Chotsatira chomaliza cha izi ndikuti, ndikukhulupirira, zisankho zabwino zokhudzana ndi ubale wathu ndi dziko ladijito. Tikukhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti / nkhanza mu DSM yatsopano kudzathandizanso. ”
Hyken adati masiku ano kuli malo ambiri achikulire ndi ana omwe angapeze thandizo. Koma sakuganiza kuti dzina latsopanoli ndikuphatikizidwa kwa DSM-5 kungathandize kwambiri pochiza matendawa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo. ”Ngati wina akufuna dzina limeneli kuti agwiritse ntchito, kuti afotokoze mavuto awo, ine ndikuganiza kuti ndi malo abwino kuyamba, ”adatero. Satsimikiza kuti ogula adzatchera khutu, koma phindu la cholembedwacho, akutero, ndikuti zitha kupangitsa kuzindikira zizolowezi ndi machitidwe m'njira yomwe ingalimbikitse wina kupeza thandizo.
Stanford Peele, PhD, JD, katswiri wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso wolemba yemwe anali mlangizi wa American Psychiatric Association pa "DSM-IV-TR", yomwe inali buku lomaliza la bukuli, adati anthu omwe akulimbana ndi vutoli sayenera kuyang'ana pa zomwe zalembedwa mu "DSM-5."
"DSM-5 yatsegula chitseko chakuzindikira kuti kusuta sikungobwera kokha ndi mankhwala," adatero. “Kuwonongeka ndi kuwawa komwe mukukumana nako pamasewera kapena intaneti kapena chilichonse chomwe chikuyenera kukhala chitsogozo chanu. Ngati mwatanganidwa ndi china chake chomwe chimawononga thanzi lanu, banja lanu, dera lanu, abwenzi anu, moyo wanu - chitanipo kanthu. ”
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