MAFUNSO: Onani kuchuluka kwa zosuta pa intaneti ku Netherlands kapena Norway - kuyambira 1-5%. Kwa Hong Kong anali 17%, ku Korea anali 30% azaka 10-30, komanso apamwamba kwa amuna 10-19.
N'chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana kwakukulu? Mayiko a ku Ulaya ankagwiritsa ntchito foni kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire, komanso okalamba omwe sagwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
gwero
Dipatimenti ya Psychology, University Katolika ya Korea College of Social Science, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
Kudalirika
KUCHITA:
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kukhazikitsa msinkhu kuti muyese zolimbikitsa kuti mukhale ndi vuto la pa Intaneti. Chilimbikitso chimadziwika kuti ndi chofunika kwambiri kuti athetseretu vuto la intaneti. Kudalirika kwa msinkhu kunayesedwa, ndipo kuvomerezana kwake komweku kunayesedwa.
ZITSANZO:
Achinyamata makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi awiri adagwira nawo phunziroli. Makhalidwe oyambirira a anthu anali olembedwa ndi Korea Baibulo za Makhalidwe Okonzekera Kusintha ndi Kukhumba kwa Chithandizo cha Kuchiza kwa Internet (K-SOCRATES-I) chinaperekedwa. Pambuyo pake, Internet Addiction Improvement Scale yayambitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso a 10 pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha chithandizo cholimbikitsira chithandizo ndi chithunzithunzi chake Baibulo cholinga chosiya kusuta.
ZOKHUDZA:
Zowonjezera zowonjezera zinapangidwa ndi zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza; aliyense amakhala ndi digiri yokwanira yokhulupilika. Kuonjezerapo, zolinga zomwe zimalimbikitsa zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira chokhazikika potsatira mgwirizano wake wapatali ndi K-SOCRATES-I. Mapepala odulidwa, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito powonetsera anthu omwe ali ndi zifukwa zochepa, ankanenedwa.
POMALIZA:
Kukula kwa Internet Addiction Improvement Motivation Scale, yopangidwa ndi mafunso 10 omwe apangidwa mu phunziroli, adawonedwa ngati mulingo wodalirika komanso woyenera kuti athe kuyeza zomwe wofunsayo angalandire chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
MAU OYAMBA
Kuledzera kwa intaneti padziko lonse
Vuto la kuledzera kwa intaneti lasangalatsa chidwi cha akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chifukwa chakuti intaneti ikupitirizabe kukula, chiwerengero cha vutoli chikuwonjezeka. Inen ku Netherlands, zakhala zikudziwika kuti chiŵerengero cha machitidwe a intaneti akufika kwambiri ngati 1.5 ku 3.0%, ndi omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi cha intaneti ali ndi nthawi yovuta kusintha ku sukulu kapena kuntchito.1 Malinga ndi kafukufuku winanso iN Norway, 1% ya anthu akhoza kuwerengedwa ngati intaneti addicted ndipo 5.2% ya anthu akhoza kusankhidwa ngati osatetezeka gulu groutp chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa intaneti. Makamaka, anyamata achikulire omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba koma apansi pa chikhalidwe chawo ndi omwe ali ovuta ku matendawa.2
Pankhani ya Hong-Kong, 17% ofufuza apeza zisonyezero za kuledzera kwa intaneti ndi hafu yodziwa kwambiri kugona.3 Pokhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha intaneti chomwe chikuwonekera kufalikira padziko lonse, chikukhala vuto limene limapangitsa mavuto ambiri a maganizo.
Zokambirana pamalingaliro ndi momwe angadziwire omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito intaneti ali mgulu lazofufuza. Goldberg adagwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "kusokoneza bongo" kutengera chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo cha Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorder edition 4 (DSM-IV) koyamba, ndipo akunena za kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati "kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta molakwika."4 Achinyamata ankanenanso kuti njira zowonongeka za intaneti, kuphatikizapo obsessions ndi intaneti, kulekerera, zizindikiro za kuchotsa, kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta mopitirira muyeso, kusowa chidwi ndi zinthu zina. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito njira izi zomwe zimapangidwira chifukwa cha kutchova njuga.5
Mu phunziro ili, njira zitatu zimalandiridwa-kulekerera, kuchotsa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe ogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku-kuwonetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kuledzera kwa intaneti ndi chiwerengero choyesa ku South Korea
Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene anachitika ku South Korea, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunawonetsedwa mwa anthu oposa 30% a anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 10 mpaka zaka zoposa 30. Makamaka, 46.8% mwa a 10 a zaka zakubadwa mpaka zaka 19 adasonyeza zizindikiro zowonongeka.6 Phunziro lina linanena kuti kuchuluka kwa chizoloŵezi cha intaneti kunafika 9 ku 40% pakati pa achinyamata achinyamata ku Korea.7 Kukula kwa ma intaneti ku South Korea kuli kwakukulu kuposa dziko lirilonse. IneKugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komwe kumafala kwambiri, kumalumikizidwa ndi kulekerera komanso kusiya zizolowezi zawo, monga zizolowezi zina. Mwakutero, anthu ambiri akuwonetsa zosokoneza pa intaneti. Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumabweretsa zisonyezo zosiyanasiyana zamaganizidwe, zomwe pamapeto pake zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a munthu watsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti kusuta kwa intaneti ndi vuto lalikulu. Mwa njira iyi, chifukwa vuto la kuledzera kwa intaneti ku South Korea ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena, kafukufuku wathu adayang'ana anthu a ku Korea.
Mosiyana ndi matenda ena aumphawi, kuledzera kumalimbikitsidwa kudzera m'makhalidwe oipa. Chifukwa cha zochepa zomwe zimawongolera kuti zitheke, phindu la kuchoka pa mapulogalamu a mankhwala limakhala lokwanira. Kwenikweni, kuledzera kwakukulu kungayambitse kuganiza kuti khalidwe loledzeretsa limapangitsa chidziwitso cha mankhwala nthawi zina.8 Ena, ngakhale, amasonyeza zofooka kwambiri ngakhale pamene akugwira nawo ntchito yothandizira. Ndikofunika kuti, pozindikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu amayamba kuyesa ndikuyesa momwe angafunikire kusintha ndi kuwapatsa chithandizo chokwanira.
Kafukufuku wakale ndi chithandizo chakumwa mowa ku South Korea
Kaya muli ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera kapena matenda ena aumphawi, wChipewa ndi chofunika kwambiri ndikupanga mamba kuti muyambe kulingalira mfundo zokhudzana. Kuti muone kuledzera kwa intaneti, malonda a intaneti akuyambitsidwa ndi Young, omwe anali ndi mafunso a 20.9 Ndipo ku Korea, K-scale, yomwe inkawona kuti zochitika za ku Korea zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti zinapangidwa ndi Kim et al.10 Zida zoterezi ndi zothandiza posiyanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuchokera kwa ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amatha kulandira mankhwala. Mambawo ndi ofunika kudziwitsa gulu loopsya lomwe limapereka mwayi wophunzitsa za momwe angapewere kuledzera. K-chiwerengerochi chimagawira anthu kupyola 2 ndi 1 kutembenuka kwa chiwerengero kuchokera kumagulu monga magulu akuluakulu kapena osatetezeka magulu, motero, ndi chiwerengero chonse ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo pa kulekerera, kuchotsa, ndi kusokonezeka kogwira ntchito monga miyezo.10
Ku South Korea, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo umapereka chiphaso kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kudzera muutumikirowu, achinyamata omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za mabanja za Unduna wawo ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena chosachedwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti amatha kuthandizidwa popanda mtengo uliwonse. Chifukwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali akuphatikiza achinyamata onse omwe ali ndi vuto lochepera lothandizidwa komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu, tidaona kufunikira kofufuzira magulu omwe amafunikira chithandizo champhamvu koyambirira. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tinapanga Internet Addiction Improvement Motivation Scale posintha Kim yotsimikizika komanso yovomerezeka ya kusuta fodya (KSCMS), yomwe idapangidwa motengera malingaliro olimbikitsa okhudza kusuta. Chifukwa chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndichizolowezi chomwa chizolowezi komanso chizolowezi cha chikonga ndichizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, masikelo omwe amayesa zizolowezi zosinthika sangasinthane ndikusintha kosavuta. Koma kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti zomwe odwala akufuna kuchita kapena kufunitsitsa kusiya kusuta zikuyimira gawo lofunikira pakusuta. Ndipo zoyankhulana zolimbikitsa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakuletsa kusuta.11 Ndipo kuyankhulana kotereku kungathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa pulojekiti yowonjezera machitidwe a intaneti komanso malinga ndi kafukufuku wa deta, pulogalamu yogwira ntchito yolimbikitsana imachepetsa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa chiwerengero cha K-scale.8 Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisonkhezero komanso chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusokoneza bongo zitheke. Choncho mafunso ochokera kwa KSCMS akhoza kulandiridwa ngati mafunso owonjezera pa msinkhu wa Addiction Improvement Motivation. KSCMS inakonzedwa kuti iwonetsetse chiwerengero cholimbikitsira chomwe mwachibadwa chimagwirizana ndi magawo atatu oyambirira a chitsanzo cha kusintha kwa chitukuko chopititsa patsogolo. Dzina la wolemba linawonetsa kuti, siteji yachitatu, kukonzekera, ili ndi vuto. Igawidwa mu mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zomwe zikuyendera magawo pafupi ndi kukonzekera ndi kuchita. Kutsimikizika, kumanga kukwanira, ndi kutsimikizirika kolondola kwa KSCMS, komabe, onse anapezeka kuti ali okwera.12
Kukulitsa zizoloŵezi zina zolimbitsa zifukwa
Zotsatira za chithandizo cholimbikitsira chithandizo chinakopa kwambiri kapena zatsimikiziridwa bwino pakuchiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mowa, kuphatikizapo kudalira pa mowa. Makhalidwe olimbikitsa okhudzana ndi chiphunzitso cha chithandizo cholimbikitsira chithandizo amathandizanso. Chifukwa chodalira mowa, cholimbikitsa chotchedwa SOCRATES chinapangidwa,11,14 zomwe zimagawidwa magawo a kusintha kusanakhale kulingalira, kulingalira, kukonzekera, kuchita, ndi kukonzanso pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yambiri yomwe imakhalapo. K-SOCRATES inatsimikiziridwa mwa kusinthasintha chiwerengero ku South Korea.14
Chifukwa chosuta fodya, tinapanga K-SOCRATES-kusuta mwa kusintha K-SOCRATES ndikupitiriza kutsimikizira.13 Kuonjezera apo, tinakhazikitsa ndi kutsimikizira KSCMS, yomwe ili ndi magawo atatu oyambirira pa magawo asanu a gawo la kusintha-kulingalira, kulingalira, ndi kukonzekera-kuyesa zofuna za kusuta fodya kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala.13 Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamayambiriro, komabe, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chonse cha K-SOCRATES-Internet (K-SOCRATES-I) chiri chodalirika kwambiri ndi chotsimikizirika, choyimira chake chimasiyana ndi chiyambi choyambirira. Choncho, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chiwerengero chonse, koma sichikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunika kuti zitsimikizidwe ndi kukhazikika kwa K-SOCRATES-I. Kuwonjezera apo, ngakhale kuti K-SOCRATES-ine ndikuyendetsedwa bwinobwino, njira yowonongeka ya intaneti ya ku Korean (K-IAIMS) ndi yofupika komanso yosavuta kutanthauzira kuposa K-SOCRATES-I chifukwa chiwerengero cha K- ZOYENERA, zowonjezera zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusintha.
Mu phunziro lino, timakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi vuto la intaneti chifukwa cha KSCMS kuyesa gulu loopsya lomwe liri ndi cholinga cholimbikitsanso poyesa msinkhu woyenerera kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo. Kuchuluka kwake kumaonedwa kukhala kothandiza kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa gulu lomwe lingasinthe ndi njira zowonongeka ndi gulu loopsya lomwe likufuna kulowerera molimbika kuti zitheke. Timachita zimenezi poyesa zolimbikitsa kuti tisamakhale osokonezeka m'zaka zoyambirira za mankhwala ozunguza bongo.
NJIRA
ophunzira
Ponseponse, ophunzira a kusukulu ya sekondale a 112 omwe anali omvera pa ma intaneti otengera mauthenga okhudzidwa nawo akugwira nawo phunziroli. Zizindikiro zawo za anthu zikuwonetsedwa Gulu 1. Omwe amaphunzirawo ndi makolo awo adapereka chidziwitso cholemba atalandira tanthauzo lonse la kafukufukuyu, njira zovomerezedwa ndi Institutional Review Board of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital.
Kayendesedwe
Mafunso khumi kuti athe kuyerekezera zomwe makasitomala akufuna kuchita kuti athetse vuto logwiritsa ntchito intaneti kudzera kuchipatala adafunsidwa kutengera KSCMS. Cholinga chinali kuwunikira gulu lomwe silikuchita bwino. Izi zidachitika pofufuza makasitomala omwe amafunikira chithandizo koyambirira pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso a 10 ofotokoza momwe magawo atatu oyamba amasinthira othandizira othandizira. Mafunso awa adasinthidwa kuchokera pamafunso 10 ochokera ku KSCMS. Mafunso otsimikizika a 10 adasinthidwa ndi akatswiri awiri omwe amadziwa bwino Chingerezi ndi Korea. Mtundu wawo wachingerezi umaperekedwa mu Gulu 2.
Njira
Maphunziro omwe anapangidwa pa phunziroli anaphatikiza mafunso a 10 omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti komanso okhudzana ndi magawo atatu oyambirira a kusintha kwa chithandizo cholimbikitsana: kusinkhasinkha, kulingalira, ndi kukonzekera. Funso lirilonse linayankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Likert kufupika ndi 1 = sagwirizana kwambiri ndi 6 = kumagwirizana kwambiri. Pofuna kupeŵa chisokonezo choyambitsa mayankho osasintha, mafunso ena adasinthidwa.
K-Scale
Mulingo wa K udapangidwa ndi Kim et al. kuti muwone zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Lili ndi ma subscales asanu ndi awiri-kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kusokonezeka kwa kuyesa kwenikweni, kuganiza moyenera, kusiya, ubale wapakati pa anthu, machitidwe osokonekera, ndi kulolerana. Gulu lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso magulu osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa adasankhidwa ndi malo odulidwayo mwina pamalingo onse kapena kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kusiya, ndi kulolerana, komwe kumapangitsa magawo ofunikira kufotokozera zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kusagwirizana kwamkati phunziroli kunali 0.970.
K-SOCARTES-I
Kuti tiyese kutsimikizika kwa kukula kwa Internet Addiction Improvement Motivation Scale, tidapanga ndikuwonetsa sikelo ya K-SOCRATES-I. Mulingowo uli ndi zinthu zitatu-kuzindikira, kusinthasintha, komanso kuchitapo kanthu posanthula zinthu. Gawo lakusintha lingayesedwe pofufuza kuchuluka kwa ma subscale. Kafukufuku wosasinthika wamkatiyu anali 0.794.
Kusanthula kusanthula
Kutsika ndi kudalirika
Kusanthula kwapadera kunayesedwa kuti muzindikire zazing'ono za Internet Addiction Improvement Scale Scale. Zinkaganiziridwa kukhala ndi zigawo zitatu zomwe zikuwonetsa magawo atatu oyambirira a kusintha malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi. Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa zinthu ndi kuzungulira kwa varimax kunkachitika pokonza chiwerengero cha zinthu zitatu. Kuonjezerapo, kusanthula kwachidziwitso kunayendetsedwa ndipo zoyenerera zimayesedwa. Zomwe zili mkati mwazinthu zonse zimayesedwa.
Zambiri zadula
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zochepetsedwa pazithunzi kwa gulu losauka lomwe likugwiritsa ntchito Internet Addiction Improvement Scale, kufufuza kofotokozedwa kunkachitika ndipo msinkhuwu unali wovomerezeka.
Kuvomerezeka
Kusanthula kwa mgwirizano pakati pa ziwerengero zambiri zomwe zilipo ndi ma intaneti onse a K-SOCRATES anachitidwa kuti afufuze ngati chiwerengero chilichonse chimawunikira chothandiza.
ZINTHU
Chiŵerengero cha chidziŵitso cha kuledzera kwa intaneti
Malinga ndi zotsatira za K-scale, 4.4% ya anthu omwe adawonekera amaoneka kuti ali pa intaneti, ndipo 9.6% mwa iwo adawoneka kuti akulowa m'gulu la ma intaneti.
Kusintha kwa zinthu komanso kugwirizana
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kwachinyengo Kupititsa patsogolo Kulimbikitsidwa Kunapezeka, monga kunanenedweratu pamene kanapangidwa, kukhala ndi magawo atatu omwe amawunikira poyesa kulingalira, kulingalira, ndi kukonzekera. Muphunziro ili, zofanana zanenedwa 0.613, 0.724, ndi 0.734, motero. Zotsatira za kusanthula kwacho ndi kusagwirizana kwapadera kwa ma subscales zikuwonetsedwa Gulu 2. Malinga ndi zotsatira zowonongeka, chinthu chopangidwa ndi chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ndondomeko ya Ma Indices Amtunduwu (GFI = 0.891, AGFI = 0.862, RMSEA = 0.089). Zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa Chithunzi 1 ndi Gulu 3.
Kusankha zinthu zochepetsedwa pawindo kwa gulu loopsa kwambiri
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zomwe zingatheke kuwonetsera gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chomwe chimachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mobwerezabwereza, kufufuza kofotokozera pazowonjezereka ndikupanga malipiro onse. Zotsatira zafotokozedwa Gulu 2. Malingana ndi zotsatira, achinyamata omwe amajambula zochepa zochepa kuposa zizindikiro za 33 m'magulu ochepa kapena osachepera 10, 11, kapena mfundo za 9 muzinthu zisanayambe kulingalira, kulingalira, kapena kukonzekera, motere, ankaganiziridwa kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri gulu lokhala ndi zifukwa zochepa.
Kufufuza kwa mgwirizano: zowonjezera za subscales
Zotsatira za kusanthula pa mgwirizano wa ziwerengero za subscale ndi chiwerengero chonse ndi K-SOCRATES-I kuti ndiyese zomangamanga zikuwonetsedwa Gulu 4. Malinga ndi zomwe zidasungidwa, kulingalira ndi kukonzekera zambiri (kupatula kusinkhasinkha koyambirira) ndi ziwerengero zonsezo zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka konse kwa K-SOCRATES-I. Ma coefficients olumikizana ndi K-SOCRATES-ndinali 0.221 (p <0.05); 0.340 (p <0.01); ndi 0.341 (p <0.01) pakulingalira, kukonzekera, ndi sikelo yonse, motsatana. Chifukwa kulumikizana pakati pamalingaliro amalingaliro am'mbuyomu ndi K-SOCRATES-sindinali ofunika, subscale silingayesedwe kuti ndiyabwino ngati cholozera cha gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zowonjezera zakusinkhasinkha ndi kukonzekera ndi sikelo yonse zimawerengedwa, komabe, kuti ndizoyenera ma index.
KUKANGANANI
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chizolowezi choledzera amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri chifukwa chauchidakwa chimakula kwambiri, ndipo amachititsa kuti athetse vutoli.3 Makamaka, ndizofala pakati pa makasitomala ena kufunafuna uphungu mwa kufuna kwawo. Malangizo kuti athetse vutoli, komabe, ndi malo omwe amakumana nawo makasitomala kawirikawiri omwe akuyendera alangizi mosagwirizana. Ena a iwo amafuna uphungu monga mbali ya malamulo, ndipo achinyamata ena amapita ku uphungu mwachindunji chifukwa cha chifuniro cha makolo awo. Kuledzera kwa intaneti ndi kovuta kwambiri kwa achinyamata, ndi alangizi ambiri omwe akuwona kuti akutsutsana ndi makolo awo. Ena makasitomala opanda zofuna zawo sangathe kuchiritsidwa mogwira mtima kudzera mu uphungu wamba chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi chochepa ngakhale kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto ili, phunziroli linapanga msinkhu wa Addiction Improvement Motivation scale kuti iwonetse gulu losavomerezeka la makasitomala ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti. Kuchuluka kwake kunayambika mwa kusintha ndondomeko yake, KSCMS, yomwe inakonzedwa kuti iwonetsetse kusuta kusuta fodya. Chiwerengerocho chinasinthidwa kuti chikugwirizana ndi kudalira kwa intaneti. Chifukwa cha kuledzera, zopereka zimaperekedwa poyang'ana kufunikira kwa zolinga. Kulimbikitsana kwakukulu, zomwe zotsatira zake zatsimikiziridwa mu maphunziro ambiri, zimakhala ndi gawo la kusintha. Chitsanzo cha kusinthachi chikuphatikizapo magawo asanu kwa odwala omwe akudalira omwe akufuna kubwezeretsa-kulingalira, kulingalira, kukonzekera, kuchita, ndi kukonzanso. Chifukwa cholinga cha msinkhu chinali kuyang'anitsitsa mlingo wokakamiza wa makasitomala kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo, mafunso a 10 akuwonetsera makhalidwe a malingaliro ndi makhalidwe omwe adawona mu magawo atatu oyambirira-kulingalira, kulingalira, ndi kukonzekera-kuphatikizapo. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti makasitomala omwe amayamba kale kuchipatala anali asanafikepo panthawiyi. Ngakhale kuti KSCMS inapeza kuti kukonzekera kumawongolera magawo awiri (mosiyana ndi chitsanzo chowonetseratu chomwe chikuwonetseratu chilengedwe), izi zimakhala zovuta kuwonetsa kuti zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zitatu, motsatira ndondomekoyi.
Zowonjezera zitatuzi zikuwonetseratu zochitika zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusinkhasinkha, ndi kukonzekera, komanso kugwirizana kwawo kunasonyeza kuvomereza kovomerezeka polemba 0.613, 0.724, ndi 0.734, motero. Kuphatikizanso, kusanthuledwa kwa mgwirizano ndi K-SOCRATES-I ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti ndiyesetse kutsimikizirika kuti zowonongeka ndi kukonzekera ndi chiwerengero chonse (kupatula chisanachitike) chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwerengero cha K-SOCRATES-I. Choncho, chiwerengero chonse ndi zigawo ziwirizi zimapezeka kuti ziri zogwirizana.
Malingana ndi zotsatira za kufotokozedwa kofotokozera poyesa kuyeza kukula kwake kapena kudziwa zochepa zomwe zimadulidwa poyang'ana gulu loopsya, achinyamata akulemba zochepa kusiyana ndi mfundo za 33 muzolemba zonse kapena zochepa kusiyana ndi mfundo za 11 kapena 9 pazomwe zikuganiziridwa kapena kukonzekera, motero, adatchulidwa kuti ndi gulu loopsya lomwe lili ndi zifukwa zochepa zowonongeka pa intaneti.
Poganizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pafupipafupi, kulimbikitsana kwakukulu sikungaperekedwe kwa makasitomala onse. Phunziroli linapanga msinkhu wa Addiction Improvement Motivation ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi odalirika komanso olondola. Kupereka thandizo lolimbikitsana kuti likhale lolimbikitsa pachiyambi cha chithandizo kwa gulu loopsya lodziwika bwino lomwe limadziwika ndi maphunziro odulidwa omwe akupezeka mu phunziroli ayenera kuonjezera kupambana kwabwino ndi momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera bwino.
Kulephereka kwa phunziroli ndikuti, pokhudzana ndi kusanthula kwachidziwitso, zizindikiro zosayenera sizivomerezedwa kwathunthu. Ngakhale kuti zotsatira zowonongeka kwa zinthu zikuwonetsa kuti K-IAIMS ili ndi zovomerezeka zovomerezeka mogwirizana ndi maziko, pamene chidziwitsocho chikupezeka bwino kutsimikiziridwa kwa chinthu choyenera chiyenera kuchitanso.
Kuvomereza
Kafukufukuyu adachitika ku Hanshin-Pluscare Counselling Center ngati gawo la Community Service Investment Voucher Program ya Ministry of Health & Welfare ku Korea ndi mzinda wa Seoul. Nambala Yapulogalamu ndi 4,179.
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