Zosintha za Prefrontal ndi Zochepa Parietal Ntchito Pa Ntchito ya Stroop mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Vuto Loipa la Hypersexual Behuvior (2018)

Comments: Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti oyang'anira osauka akugwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa dorsolateral pre mbeleal cortex panthawi yamayeso ozindikira (Stroop test). Zonsezi zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a kotekisi, omwe ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo amawonetsa ngati kulephera kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupondereza zolakalaka. 

-----------------

Kutsogolo. Psychiatry, 25 September 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00460

Ji-Woo Seok1 ndi Jin-Hun Sohn2*

  • 1Dipatimenti Yopereka Uphungu kwa Psychology, University of Honam, Gwangu, South Korea
  • 2Dipatimenti ya Psychology, Institute Research Brain, University of Chungnam, Daejeon, South Korea

Kudalirika

Umboni wosonkhanitsa umasonyeza ubale pakati pa khalidwe loopsya lachiwerewere (PHB) ndi kuchepetsa ulamuliro wotsogolera. Maphunziro a zachipatala awonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB amasonyeza kwambiri kukhudzidwa; Komabe, pang'onozing'ono podziwika ponena za njira za neural zomwe zimachititsa kuti olamulira akuluakulu asamayende bwino mu PHB. Kafukufukuyu anafufuzira za neural correlates za ulamuliro pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi kulamulira bwino pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi chogwiritsira ntchito magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi 22 olamulira omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino apeza fMRI akuchita ntchito ya Stroop. Nthawi yotsatila ndi zolakwika zowonjezera zinayesedwa ngati zizindikiro zapadera za ulamuliro woyang'anira. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB anali ndi ntchito yovuta kugwira ntchito komanso amalephera kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyendetsera boma (DLPFC) ndi kachipatala kochepa kwambiri ka ntchito yoyenera pa ntchito ya Stroop. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mayendedwe a magazi okhudzana ndi mpweya wa okosijeni m'maderawa anaphatikizidwa moyipa ndi PHB. DLPFC yoyenera ndi zotsika mtengo zamtundu wa cortex zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba chodziwitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa, motero. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adachepetsanso mphamvu zowonongeka komanso zovuta kugwira ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera komanso chitetezo chochepa cha parietal, kupereka maziko a neural kwa PHB.

Introduction

Khalidwe loipa la kugonana (PHB) limatanthawuza kuti munthu sangakwanitse kuthetsa malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi kugonana, zolimbikitsa, kapena makhalidwe omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azivutika maganizo kapena kukhumudwa pa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku (1-3). Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB akhoza kugonana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena kuwona mimba zosafuna kuti azigonana (4, 5). PHB kawirikawiri imayambira kumapeto kwaunyamata kapena msinkhu wokalamba, imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yachilendo kapena yoposera, ndipo imakhudza kwambiri amuna (4). Matendawa ali ndi chiwerengero cha 3-6% pakati pa ophunzira ndi ophunzira ku koleji ku US (6-8). Ku Korea, pafupifupi 2% ya ophunzira onse a ku koleji ali ndi PHB (9).

Zomwe zimapangidwira komanso zovuta zoganizira za PHB zimatsutsana. Kaya PHB ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati khalidwe lachizoloŵezi choipa, matenda osokoneza maganizo, kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana akupitirizabe kukangana (10). Zilibe kanthu kuti PHB ndi yabwino kwambiri yofotokozedwa ngati imodzi mwazovutazo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa maganizo (monga, kukhumba, kuchotsa, ndi kutaya mphamvu) ndi njira zina zovuta, monga vuto lakutchova njuga ndi vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti (3, 11-14).

Zizoloŵezi zowonongeka ndi zopanikiza kuphatikizapo vuto lakutchova njuga ndi vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti zakhala zikugwirizana kuti zikugwirizana ndi kutayika kwa ulamuliro. Mwachindunji, kutaya kapena kuwonongeka kwa ulamuliro woyang'anira ndi khalidwe lovuta la khalidwe loipa. Zoonadi, kafukufuku wakale adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa (15, 16). Kafukufuku wa kutchova njuga anasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amachitira bwino ntchito Stroop (16), kuwonetsa kuti khalidwe lakutchova njuga lingakhale chifukwa cholephera kulamulira akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulepheretsa kudziŵa zinthu zopanda phindu pa ntchito zoterezi. Mofananamo, kafukufuku wina adawulula kuti poyang'anira otsogolera, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera a intaneti akuwonetseratu olamulira akuluakulu ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi kuchepa kwapakati pambali (15).

Umboni woonekera umasonyezanso kuti kuwonongeka kwa akuluakulu kumachitika mu PHB (17, 18). Kafukufuku wina woganizira ubongo wasonyeza kuti ophunzira omwe ali ndi PHB amakumana ndi vuto lochita zinthu mofulumira pa ntchito yopita / yopanda ntchito ndipo adawonetsa dera lapamwamba kwambiri lachigawo chapamwamba.17). Mu phunziro la oyendetsa, Reid et al. (18) anagwiritsa ntchito mayankho a mafunso kuti adziwe ubale weniweni pakati pa ulamuliro ndi PHB, powona mgwirizano pakati pa olamulira akuluakulu ndi PHB; Komabe, zotsatira zotsutsana zinapezeka mu phunziro lotsatira (19) zomwe zinagwiritsa ntchito mayesero oyenerera a m'maganizo kuti awonetse akuluakulu oyang'anira.

Popeza kuti zotsatira zogwira ntchito pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi zosagwirizana, ntchito zina ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zipeze zotsatira zomveka. Choncho, cholinga chathu chinali kuthetsa kusagwirizana komwe tanena kale pakati pa maphunziro apitalo pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero a maganizo ndi maganizo.

Mawu a mtundu wa Stroop test poyamba adakonzedwa kuti awonetse luso lolamulira komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ubongo lomwe lasokoneza kusokoneza (20). Mu ntchito ya Stroop, ophunzira akulangizidwa kuti adziwe mtundu wa maonekedwe a mawu osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi yoyankhira ndi mphulupulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zotsatira zotsatira. Popeza kuwerenga ndi njira yowonjezereka kusiyana ndi mtundu wotchulidwa mu zinthu zosagwirizana ndi zina (monga RED, yosindikizidwa muzithunzithunzi za buluu), ophunzira amawonetsa nthawi yowonongeka komanso nthawi yolakwika kwambiri kusiyana ndi momwe zinthu zilili mthupi (mwachitsanzo, RED yofalitsidwa mu inki yofiira). Kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo awonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya Stroop imayambitsa malo osokoneza ubongo a m'madera a ubongo, kuphatikizapo malo oyendetsa makondomu, mapaipi,21-23).

Chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndichoti kondomu yamtunduwu imathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya Stroop (24). Mbali imeneyi ikuphatikizidwa mu ntchito zogwira ntchito ndi maumboni ena apamwamba, omwe ndi maulendo akuluakulu omwe amatsutsana ndi khalidwe loipa (14). Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza apeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteketsa maganizo amakhala ndi zosokoneza zamatenda komanso zothandizira pa kampani ya prefrontal cortex. Dera ili limadziwika kuti likuphatikizidwa ndi malamulo osokoneza maganizo, kotero kusokonezeka m'dera lino kuli ndi vuto lalikulu la khalidwe ndi akaunti ya kuwonongeka kwa ufulu wodzisankhira (25).

Popeza ntchito ya Stroop imafuna kuti akuluakulu azilamulira komanso anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adachepetsa mphamvu zawo zogonana, tinaganiza kuti gulu la PHB lingasonyeze ntchito yovuta ya Stroop ntchito poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira. Mwapadera, kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale kwakukulu mu chikhalidwe chosagwirizana. Tinaneneratu kuti padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu m'magulu a ubongo okhudzana ndi ulamuliro waukulu, monga mu prefrontal cortex.

Zida ndi njira

ophunzira

Phunziroli linavomerezedwa ndi bungwe loona za kayendedwe ka Institutional of Chungnam National University (Nambala yovomerezeka: 201309-SB-003-01; Daejeon, S. Korea), ndi onse omwe adalembapo adapereka chidziwitso chodziwitsidwa asanalembedwe. Amuna makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB (zaka zowonjezereka = 26.12, SD = 4.11) ndi amuna a 22 wathanzi (zaka zowonjezereka = 26.27, SD = 3.39) adagwira ntchito kuyesera kugwiritsira ntchito maginito (fmRI). Ena mwa ophunzirawo adapezekapo mu phunziro lina, mwachitsanzo, yesero la chilakolako chogonana lomwe linachitidwa mu labotori yathu (26). Roivainen (27) anawongolera kufufuza kwaposachedwapa ndikupeza kusiyana pakati pa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pazokambirana msangamsanga ndi zidziwitso. Mwachidziwitso, akazi ali ndi ubwino pakupima mayesero ofulumira maulendo a alfabeti ndi ntchito zotchula mofulumira pamene amuna ali mofulumira ndi ntchito yamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuwomba kwala. Popeza izi zodziwika kuti ndizosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, tinasankha kuphatikiza gulu la amuna okhawo mu phunziro lathu.

Otsatira onse anali odzipereka, olankhula Chi Korea, ndipo sanadye kapena kudwala kwakukulu koopsa kwa matenda a ubongo kapena matenda omwe akuyankhidwa ndi funso lodzifunsa. Asanalowe mu phunziroli, katswiri wa zamaganizo wodziwa bwino amapereka mayankho okhudza maganizo a anthu onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito za PHB zomwe zatchulidwa m'maphunziro apitalo (2, 28) ndi njira ya DSM-5 (Zowonjezera Zida, Table S1). Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB anakumana ndi machitidwe omwe amafunsidwa ndi PHB ndipo anali opanda ufulu wina uliwonse wotsutsana ndi DSM-5 (29). Ogwira ntchito onse a PHB sanachite nawo chithandizo chilichonse cha matenda awo.

Kulamulira zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi lofanana ndi zomwe zili mndandandazi zinatengedwa kuchokera kumudzi kudzera m'masitolo ndi mapepala.

Kugonana kwachiwerewere kuyesa-R (SAST) (28) komanso Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) (30) adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuuma kwa PHB mwa aliyense mwa ophunzira ndikuzindikira ubale uliwonse pakati pa kuuma kwa PHB ndi mayankho a neural ku ntchito yosokoneza ya Stroop. Kudalirika kwa SAST-R ndi HBI kwawerengedwa kale ngati Cronbach's α = 0.91 ndi 0.96, motsatana (28, 30). SAST-R ili ndi mafunso a 20 okonzedwa kuti ayambe kuganizira zogonana; Zolemba zonse zimachokera ku 0 mpaka ku 20, ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba zomwe zimasonyeza kuledzeretsa kwakukulu. HBI ili ndi mafunso a 19, ndi mapepala onse omwe achokera ku 19 mpaka ku 95. Reid et al. (30) adawonetsa chiwerengero chokwanira ≥53 ngati zovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda a hypersexual. Ophunzira onse a PHB mu phunziro lino adapeza pamwamba pa cutoff kwa HBI. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB anali ndi chiwerengero cha SAST-R cha 11.3 (SD = 3.3) ndi chiwerengero cha HBI cha 54.4 (SD = 7.3).

Makhalidwe a chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali nawo omwe ali nawo komanso zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa miyezi ya 6 yapitayi akufotokozedwa muzithunzi 1. Gulu la PHB linasonyeza zaka zoyambirira za kugonana ndikuyamba kugonana ndi anthu ochuluka, kugonana mobwerezabwereza, maliseche, ndi kuyang'ana zolaula pamlungu poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira. Ndiponso, gulu la PHB linasonyeza mapepala apamwamba kwambiri pa SAST-R ndi HBI.

MASAMBA 1

Gulu 1. Makhalidwe a anthu.

Ntchito ndi Paradigm

Mayeso a Stroop amatchulidwa ndi John Ridley Stroop (31), yemwe akuyamikiridwa ndi bukhu loyamba la Chingerezi la zotsatira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zokakamiza zosasokoneza. Phunziroli likugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yosinthidwa ya Stroop ntchito yotchedwa Peterson et al. (32) panthawi yopeza fMRI. Ophunzira adagwira chimodzi mwa makiyi awiri, omwe ali ndi zida ziwiri zolimbana, mmanja mwawo. Tinayesetsa kuchotsa zotsatira zake (mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za kuperekedwa, Simon effect) zomwe zinapangidwira panthawi ya kuyesa. Kuti tichotse zotsatira zake, tinali ndi mawu osiyana a 24 omwe amasonyeza malo omwe ali ndi batani pambali. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha 24 chotsutsa ndi Chithunzi 1 monga dongosolo la mtundu wa batani linali lofiira, lachikasu, lachireen, la blue. Pa kuyesedwa, dongosolo la mtundu wa batani linaperekedwa mwachisawawa kuchokera ku 24 zosokoneza pa yesero lirilonse. Mwa kubwereza ntchitoyi, tidalinso kusonkhanitsa deta kuti tiwonjezere kudalirika kwa zotsatira. Ophunzirawo adayendetsa gawo limodzi musanayambe kusinkhasinkha, ndipo onsewo adasonyeza kuti amvetsetsa bwino ntchitoyo. Mitunduyi inkaperekedwa kudzera pagiritsi pamutu panthawi yopeza fMRI.

CHITSANZO CHA 1

Chithunzi 1. Zitsanzo za mikhalidwe yosagwirizana ndi yosagwirizana ndi ntchito ya Stroop.

Ntchito ya Stroop inagawanika kukhala mikangano yowonongeka. Mu mgwirizano wa congruent, mawu amtundu wofanana (mwachitsanzo, mawu oti "RED" wofiira) amawonetsedwa pawindo, ndipo ophunzira adalangizidwa kuti ayimitse batani mozungulira mwamsanga. Mu chikhalidwe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito, mawu omwe ali ndi matanthauzo osasinthasintha ndi mtundu (mwachitsanzo, mawu oti "RED" a mtundu wachikasu) amawonetsedwa pazenera, ndipo ophunzira adalangizidwa kuti akanikize mtundu wa mtundu womwe umafanana ndi mtundu wa mawuwo ponyalanyaza tanthauzo la mawu. Chotsatiracho chinaperekedwa mkatikati mwawonekera. Mayankho anayi omwe angakhalepo (mawu a mtundu wofiira) awonetsedwa pamwambapa (pamutu wapamwamba) kuti achepetse zofuna zapamwamba, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera mu Chithunzi 1.

Kukonzekera kwa zochitika ndi nthawi pa chikhalidwe chirichonse chinali: (1) choyamba, chidziwitso chochenjeza wophunzirayo kumayambiriro kwa kuyesera chinaperekedwa kwa 6; (2) chachiwiri, mawonekedwe akuda opanda kanthu akuwonetsedwa panthawi yochepa ya 400-1,000 ms monga nthawi yopakatikitsa; (3) chachitatu, chiwonetsero (congruent trial kapena trial incongruent) chinaperekedwa kwa 1,300 ms; ndi (4) potsiriza, tsamba lopanda kanthu linaperekedwanso kwa 4,000 ms.

Ntchito ya Stroop ya pulogalamuyi inapangidwira ngati chochitika chogwirizana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zomwe zikuchitika ndi 130 pamodzi ndi zikhalidwe za 85 zomwe sizinachitike mwatsatanetsatane. Ntchitoyi inabwerezedwa kawiri, ndipo ntchito iliyonse idatenga 444 s. Zitsanzo za Stroop zokondweretsa ndipo fMRI paradigm ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.

Kujambula Kupeza

Njira yokhazikika yopangidwira magazi yomwe imadalira mpweya (EPI-BOLD) idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi za ubongo. Zigawo zogula zithunzi ndi izi: kubwereza nthawi / echo nthawi = 2,000 / 28 ms; masomphenya = 240 × 240 mm; kukula kwa matrix = 64 × 64; kagawo = 5 mm, palibe kusiyana; ndipo flip angle = 80 °. Zonsezi za gawo lililonse la experimental linali zithunzi za 222, ndipo zinaphatikizapo zithunzi zitatu zojambula zomwe zinapezedwa kudutsa 6 s. Zithunzi zojambulidwa za T1 zinasonkhanitsidwa monga zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi magawo otsatirawa: kupeza kubwereza nthawi / echo nthawi = 280 / 14 ms; FOV = 240 × 240 mm, kukula kwa mamita = 256 × 256; kagawo = 4 mm; ndipo flip angle = 60 °. Ndege yojambulayi inali pamalo ofanana ndi mzere wamtundu wam'mbuyo wothamanga.

Zosanthula Zosati

Zotsatira za Zomwe Zikuchitika

Nthawi yowonjezera yankho ndi magawo a mayankho olondola anawerengedwa mu chikhalidwe chirichonse. Kuti tiwonetsere kugawidwa kwa deta yowonetsera nthawi, tinasintha nthawi yotsatila pogwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zotsatirazi: lolemba (1 / nthawi yotsutsana) (33). Nthawi yotsatila yogwiritsira ntchito log idagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza njira ziwiri (ANOVA) limodzi ndi gulu ngati zomwe zili pakati pa phunziro (mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB vs. kulamulira bwino) ndi chikhalidwe monga zomwe zili mkati mwake (ie, congruent Vuto lotsutsa).

Zotsatira za mayankho olondola (ie, kugunda mitengo) pakati pa zikhalidwe mu gulu lirilonse ndi pakati pa magulu pa chikhalidwe chilichonse anali kusanthuledwa osagwiritsanso ntchito poyesa kafukufuku wamtundu wa Wilcoxon kapena mayeso a Mann-Whitney U (p <0.05). Kusanthula konse kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS mtundu 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Kujambula Data Analysis

Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8 (SPM 8, Wellcome department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula zidziwitso zamaganizidwe aubongo. Zambiri zogwira ntchito zidasinthidwa pakuwunika koyamba kwa gawo lililonse ngati kogwiritsira ntchito zolembetsa zolimba zamitundu itatu ndi madigiri asanu ndi limodzi a ufulu. Kenako, sikani zomwe zidasinthidwa zidasinthidwa kukhala chithunzi cha aliyense wa omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikuwongolera dongosolo la MNI (Montreal Neurologic Institute). Kuchepetsa phokoso la malo, zidziwitso zidasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kernel ya 8-mm isotropic Gaussian.

Pambuyo pa kukonzekera, chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chinamangidwa pa chikhalidwe chilichonse mwa aliyense. Pofuna kupanga mapangidwe ammimba, madigiri oyendetsa mutu / kuzungulira pamutu wa malipiro oyendetsa mutu adawonjezeredwa monga kusintha kwapadera kuti chiwerengero cha phokoso ndi phokoso chiwonjezeke. Ndiye, z-mapupa amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachisokonezo (congruent and incongruent) kwa munthu aliyense. Kuti mudziwe malo omwe ali ndi ubongo omwe amaonetsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi machitidwe abwino, ANOVA inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe (anthu osagwirizana ndi gulu) ndi gulu (omwe ali ndi PHB vs. controls) kusinthika kwa gulu [kuchuluka kwa mabodza (FDR) -kukonzedwa, p <0.05].

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wa Stroop ndi ntchito zomwe adakalipira ndi zotsatira za ANOVA, chombo cha DLPFC ndi maulendo ochepa ochepa omwe adasankhidwa ngati madera a chidwi (ROI)21-25).

Kuchotsa peresenti chizindikiro cha kusintha kuchokera ku ROI, pulogalamu ya MarsBaR 0.42 (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/marsbar) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bokosi la zida za SPM (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ext). Ma ROI amalembedwa ndi kuyika mazenera pa voxels yomwe ili pamwamba pazithunzi za 5 mm pa malo onse okhudzidwa mu zotsatira zogwirizana (FDR-yokonzedwa, p <0.05). Kuyerekeza mfundo izi pakati pamagulu ndi kutsatira t-tsitsi, kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha peresenti kunachotsedwa pa phunziro lililonse, ndipo njira ziwiri za ANOVA zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS version 20. Poyesa mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu za PHB ndi mayendedwe a neural kwa kusemphana kwa Stroop, kufufuza kwa mgwirizano kunkachitika peresenti ya kusintha kwa ma signal kuchokera ku ROI panthawi yomwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika komanso miyezo yowonjezera (ie, SAST-R ndi HBI).

Results

Zotsatira Zotsatira

Njira ziwiri za ANOVA zatsimikizira zotsatira zazikulu za chikhalidwe [F(1, 43) = 171.43, p <0.001, a Cohen f = 3.99], kuwonetsa kuti yankho limakhala pang'onopang'ono mu chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi icho mu congruent condition. Panalibe kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa chikhalidwe ndi gulu [F(1, 43) = 0.34] kapena zotsatira zazikulu za gulu [F(1, 43) = 1.98, Chithunzi 2].

CHITSANZO CHA 2

Chithunzi 2. Zotsatira za khalidwe. (A) Kutanthauza nthawi yoyankha mu ms. (B) Kutanthauzira kumatanthauza moyenerera monga peresenti. Zolakwitsa zitsulo zikuwonetsa zolakwika zomwe zikutanthauza.

Mayeso osadziwika a Wilcoxon anawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mgwirizano wa congruent ndi wosakhudzidwa mu PHB (Z = -6.39, p <0.05) ndikuwongolera (Z = 5.71, p <0.05), kuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala zolakwitsa zambiri pazoyankha zosavomerezeka. Tidazindikiranso kusiyana kwakukulu pakulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pamagulu pazomwe sizinachitike (Z = -2.12, p <0.05), kuwonetsa kuti zowongolera zathanzi zidayenda bwino kuposa gulu la PHB; Komabe, panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pamagulu poyankha molondola pazoyanjana (Z = -1.48, Chithunzi 2). Deta izi zikusonyeza kuti magulu onse awiriwa adayankha molondola ku congruent conditions, pamene ophunzira ndi PHB anali oyenera kuchita molakwika mu zikhalidwe zomwe zimafuna kuti zosayenerera zosayenera zisamveretsedwe.

Zithunzi Zoganizira

Chimake chachikulu cha Chikhalidwe

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda (congruent vs. incongruent) zinkapezeka mu putamen yolondola, pakati pa gyrus yoyamba, ndi grey (pansi)p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR; Gome 3). Zigawozi zikuwonetseratu kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pansi pano. Komabe, palibe zigawo za ubongo zomwe zinayambitsidwa kwambiri ndi congruent kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe chosagwirizana.

Zotsatira zazikulu za Gulu

Zotsatira za gulu (PHB gulu vs. maulamuliro; p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR; Gome 2) anawonetsedwa m'madera ozungulira omwe amapezeka m'madera osungirako ndalama, omwe ali pakati pa gyrus pakati, ndi grey yonyansa. Gulu lolamulira likuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kuwonjezeka m'madera omwe ali ochepa omwe ali ochepa kwambiri komanso omwe ali pakati ndi ochepa omwe akuyang'anitsitsa gulu la PHB (p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR; Gome 3). Palibe zigawo za ubongo zomwe zinayambitsidwa kwambiri mu gulu la PHB kusiyana ndi kulamulira.

MASAMBA 2

Gulu 2. Kutanthauza kugwidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo za Stroop.

MASAMBA 3

Gulu 3. Zotsatira zoganizira: zotsatira za chikhalidwe ndi gulu (p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR).

Chikhalidwe × Zotsatira Zoyanjana Pagulu

Mkhalidwe wofunika × machitidwe a gulu (p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR; Gome 4, Chithunzi 3) anadziwika mu DLPFC yoyenera ndi kotsika mtengo wa parietal cortex.

MASAMBA 4

Gulu 4. Zotsatira zojambula: zotsatira zogwirizana za kusankha × gulu (p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR).

CHITSANZO CHA 3

Chithunzi 3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ubongo kumalo okongoletsera okongoletsera (a) ndi kolondola ya parietal cortex (b). Ma grafu amasonyeza kusintha kwa ma signal omwe amachokera kumadera onse, kuwonetsera chikhalidwe × magulu a magulu (p <0.05, yokonzedwa ndi FDR). FDR, kuchuluka kwakupezeka kwabodza; PHB, machitidwe ovuta a chiwerewere; R. DLPFC, kotekisi yoyang'ana kumanja kumanja; R. IPC, kumanzere kwenikweni kwa parietal cortex.

M'kutsata t-kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD kwa ROI iliyonse, ochita nawo PHB anasonyeza kusagwira ntchito mochepa mu DLPFC yoyenera mu chikhalidwe chosagwirizana [t(43) = 4.46, p <0.01, a Cohen d = 1.33] yokhudzana ndi kulamulira bwino, pamene palibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa gulu komwe kunapezeka mu congruent condition [t(43) = 0.48, p > 0.05, a Cohen d = 0.14; Chithunzi 3a]. Momwemonso ndondomeko ya ubongo yowonongeka inayang'aniridwa mu cortex yolondola yochepa kwambiri: Poyerekeza ndi zolamulira, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetseratu kuchitapo kanthu kochepa mu chikhalidwe chochepa cha parietal cortex pazochitika zovuta [t(43) = 4.28, p <0.01, a Cohen d = 1.28], koma palibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa gulu komwe kunawonedwa panthawi ya congruent conditions [t(43) = 0.60, p > 0.05, a Cohen d = 0.18; Chithunzi 3b].

Kusanthula Kufufuza

Kuti titsimikizire ntchito za ROI mukuteteza chidziwitso, tinayesetsa kugwirizanitsa pakati pa khalidwe labwino (mwachitsanzo, nthawi yolandirira ndi kuyankha molondola) ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD kwa ROI iliyonse (mwachitsanzo, DLPFC yoyenera ndi correx yolondola ya parietal cortex). Pali zifukwa zofunikira pakati pawo (Zowonjezera Zolemba, Chithunzi S1).

Chiyanjano pakati pa ziwerengero zowerengera bwino (mwachitsanzo, SAST-R ndi HBI ziwerengero) ndi kusintha kwa signal BOLD kwa ROI iliyonse (mwachitsanzo, DLPFC yolondola ndi correx yolondola parietal cortex) anawerengera onse omwe ali ndi PHB. Kugwirizana kolakwika kunkachitika pakati pa ziwerengero zoyeza zofanana ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD mu cortex yolondola ya parietal cortex (SAST-R: r = -0.64, n = 23, p <0.01; HBI: r = -0.48, n = 23, p <0.01) ndi kumanja DLPFC (SAST-R: r = -0.51, n = 23, p <0.01; HBI: r = -0.61, n = 23, p <0.01; Chithunzi 4).

CHITSANZO CHA 4

Chithunzi 4. Zotsatira za kugwirizanitsa zimagwirizanitsa pakati pa ziwerengero zoyezera zofanana ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD mu ROI panthawi ya Stroop yosagwirizana. (A) Kugwirizana kolakwika pakati pa chizindikiro cha peresenti kumasintha pa score R. DLPFC ndi HBI (kumanzere) komanso masamba a SAST-R (kumanja). (B) Kugwirizana kolakwika pakati pa chizindikiro cha peresenti kumasintha pa score R. IPC yolondola ndi HBI (kumanzere), komanso S score-R (kumanja). BOLD, wodalira mpweya wabwino-mlingo; HBI, Hypersexual Beventvior Inventory; R. DLPFC, kondomu yoyendetsa bwino yoyendetsa malo; R. IPC, kotsika mtengo wa parietal cortex; ROI, dera la chidwi; SAST-R, Kugonana kwachiwerewere Kuyeza-R.

Kukambirana

Phunziroli likufuna kuthetsa njira zowonongeka zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB azilamulira. Poyerekezera, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetseratu kulamulira kwachinyengo komwe kunachepetsedwa ndi kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa DLPFC komanso kachipatala kakang'ono kotsika kwapakati pa mayesero a Stroop. Komanso, kuchepa kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD ku DLPFC ndi kuchepa kwa pirital cortex pamayesero osayenerera a Stroop anagwirizana ndi maphunziro apamwamba a SAST-R ndi HBI mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Tinazindikiranso madera ena a ubongo kuphatikizapo dera la chidwi (DLPFC) pa ntchito ya Stroop. Mafuta abwino a basal ganglia ndi apakati ndi otsika apamwamba gyri anali otsegulidwa pa nthawi yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta poyerekeza ndi congruent condition, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo a Stroop effect (32, 34). Kusiyanitsa kwa magulu mu zochepa zapereetal cortex ndi pakati ndi zocheperapo zagriri pa ntchito ya Stroop zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira kuchokera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ena oledzera (35).

Ponena za magwiridwe antchito, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetsa zolakwika zazikulu kuposa kuwongolera athanzi pazovuta. Ntchito ya Stroop imafuna kulepheretsa kuzindikira mayankho azomwe amachita (mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga mawu); makamaka, zomwe akuwunikira pamikhalidwe yosavomerezeka zitha kuchitidwa moyenera ngati cholimbikitsira chosavomerezeka (tanthauzo la mawuwo) chimadziwika. Nthawi zoyankha zazifupi ndikulondola kwa mayankho zimaganiziridwa kuti zimawonetsa kusinthasintha kwazindikiritso ndikuletsa (36). Chifukwa chake, kusagwira ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB kungatanthauzidwe ngati kusokoneza akuluakulu olamulira. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe apeza pa maphunziro apitayi okhudzana ndi khalidwe lachizoloŵezi (15, 16).

Malinga ndi zotsatira za phunziro lino, timatsimikiza kuti makhalidwe a PHB angakhale chifukwa chochepetsera ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera ndi cortex yolondola ya parietal. Goldstein ndi Volkow (25) adawonetsa kuti ntchito yochedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso miyeso yapamwamba pazochitika za Stroop zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ndizizindikiro za PFC. Kafukufuku akuyang'ana ntchito ya Stroop mu chizoloŵezi (kutanthauza, kudzidalira kwa mankhwala ndi khalidwe lachizoloŵezi cha khalidwe) awonetsa ntchito yochepetsetsa mu PFC yoyenera, kuphatikizapo DLPFC, panthawi yovuta kugwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe a congruent (15, 26, 37, 38). Zomwe zafukufukuwa tsopano zimagwirizana ndi mauthenga awa oyambirira ndikuwonetseratu zotsatira zawo powonetsera kusagwirizana kosagwirizana pakati pa malo okhudza ubongo ndi kupsyinjika kwa PHB.

DLPFC imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba chodziwitsira ntchito monga kuwonetsetsa ndi kusokoneza chidziwitso mu ntchito yokumbukira (39). Milham et al. (40) analimbikitsa maudindo awiri a DLPFC pa Stroop ntchito: (1) kukonda kusankhidwa kwa ntchito zogwira ntchito, ndi (2) ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachisudzo mkati mwa ntchito yoyenera dongosolo). Udindo wakale umatanthawuza njira yosankhira, kusankha, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito (kutanthauza, kujambula) m'malo modziwitsa ntchito zachinsinsi (ie, semantic). Ntchito yomaliza imalongosola njira yokhazikitsira magawo a ubongo m'ntchito yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito ntchito kuti athe kugawa ndi kusunga chuma chachinsinsi pofuna kusalidwa kwadzidzidzi. DLPFC imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi malo omwe amawonekera posachedwa (mwachitsanzo, phokoso la piratal ndi khungu loyambirira la zithunzi) ndipo amalingalira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za neural kudzera mwachindunji chogwirizana (41-44). Mafukufuku ojambula ubongo amasonyeza kuti ntchito ya DLPFC ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutsegulira pulotal lobe panthawi yovuta ya Stroop (21, 22, 45). Deta iyi imathandizidwa ndi zotsatira za phunziroli, lomwe linayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa DLPFC ndi parietal lobe mu gulu lolamulira pazinthu zosavomerezeka. Kachilombo kochepa kwambiri kamene kamakhala ndi maonekedwe akuwonetsedwa (46) ndipo zimathandizira kuti musamangoganizira zowonongeka mwa kulola wina kunyalanyaza zosayenera. Phunziro lina la ntchito yogwirira ntchito, ntchito yowonjezera yosakanikirana yowonjezera yowonjezereka kwambiri yowonjezereka kwa puloteni yowonongeka (posterior parietal cortex (47). Choncho, kuchepetsa ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera ndi kuchepa kwa pirital cortex kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB kungayimire zolephera kuti athe kusokoneza chidziwitso choyenera ndi kusanyalanyaza mfundo zopanda pake. Zoperewerazi muulamuliro wotsogolera zingachititse kukhala kovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB kuthetsa zilakolako za kugonana kapena makhalidwe.

Zolephera za phunziro lino ndi izi. Choyamba, phunziro ili limangoyang'ana momwe panopa alili ndi PHB; Choncho, zotsatira zathu sizilimbana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha utsogoleri pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi PHB. Chachiwiri, tinagwiritsa ntchito miyeso ya SAST ndi HBI kuti tipeze kugonana komweko. Amayesa zomangamanga zokhudzana ndi maganizo monga kugonana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, komanso zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere kuphatikizapo nthawi zambiri. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa nkhani yogonana ndi kuwonetsa zolaula amasonyeza kuti maganizo ndi ofunikira kwambiri kusiyana ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere kuti akhale ndi makhalidwe oipa.48-50). Zofukufukuzi zikusonyeza kuti zingatheke kuti zitha kusintha pakati pa ziwalo za maganizo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimawongolera kugonana ndi zolaula. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa momwe chilichonse chikukhudzidwira ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu ndikudziwa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kugonana komanso kuledzera. Muzochitika zamtsogolo, tikukonzekera kuyesa mayanjano pakati pa chinthu chilichonse ndi ulamuliro woyendetsa ndi kuthetsa zotsatira zovuta za zinthu zina. Chachitatu, phunziroli linangoganizira za amuna okhaokha a ku Asia. Maphunziro amtsogolo ayenera kuphatikizapo anthu osiyana amuna, kugonana, ndi mafuko kuti apereke zidziwitso zambiri ku PHB. Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB mu phunziro lino anakumana ndi zofunikira za PHB zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro apitalo (2, 28), palibe njira yothetsera matenda ya PHB. Choncho, kutanthauzira kwachipatala cha PHB kumafunika kuti pakhale kukhulupilika kwa maphunziro a PHB. Pomalizira, zingakhale zosangalatsa kuzindikira ngati zomwezo ndizofanana ndi gulu la PHB lomwe liri ndi malingaliro (mwachitsanzo, malingaliro) pokhapokha ndi anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ovuta. Komabe, chitsanzo cha kukula mu phunziroli chinali chochepa, ndipo ophunzira athu anali ndi malingaliro apamwamba a kugonana komanso amakhalanso ndi makhalidwe ovuta. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, zinali zovuta kusiyanitsa magulu awiriwa. Tikuyembekeza kufotokozera gululi poyerekezera ndi kufufuza maphunziro ena.

Ngakhale zoperewera zomwe tazitchulazi, phunziroli likuthandizira kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ndi njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito za PHB. Mwachidule, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB amasonyeza ntchito zosauka kwambiri ndipo amachepetsa kugwira ntchito mu PFC pa ntchito yolepheretsa Stroop poyerekeza ndi kuyendetsa bwino. Zomwe timapeza zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa olamulira akuluakulu komanso kuthekera kovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB, zofanana ndi zomwe zimawoneka m'mavuto ena.

Chikhalidwe

Otsatira onse adapereka chidziwitso chodziwitsidwa mwadzidzidzi atadziŵa bwino za tsatanetsatane wa kuyesayesa. Bungwe la Chungnam National University Institutional Review Board (IRB) linavomereza njira zoyesera ndi kuvomereza (kuvomereza nambala: 01309-SB-003-01; Daejeon, South Korea). Ophunzira onse adalandira malipiro a ndalama (50 US dollars) kuti atenge mbali.

Zopereka za Wolemba

J-WS inathandizira kulenga ndi kuyesera, kuyesa deta, kapena kusanthula, ndi kutanthauzira deta, ndipo J-HS zimapereka zowonjezera kutanthauzira deta ndikulemba nkhaniyo kapena kuyisinthira mozama chifukwa chofunika kwambiri.

Kutsutsana kwa Chidwi

Olembawo akunena kuti kufufuza kunkachitika popanda mgwirizano uliwonse wa zamalonda kapena zachuma zomwe zingatengedwe kuti zingatheke kukangana.

Kuvomereza

Ntchitoyi inathandizidwa ndi Ministry of Education ya Republic of Korea ndi National Research Foundation ya Korea (NRF-2018S1A5A8029877).

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera pa nkhaniyi zitha kupezeka pa intaneti pa: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00460/full#supplementary-material

achidule

DLPFC; EPI_BOLD, kujambula zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito magazi-zimadalira; HBI, Hypersexual Beventvior Inventory; PHB, khalidwe losautsa kugonana; ZOKHUDZA: Kuyezetsa Nthendayi Kugonana.

Zothandizira

  1. Carnes P. Kuchokera ku Shadows: Kumvetsa Kugonana. Hazelden Publishing (2001).

Google Scholar

  1. Kafka MP. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: chithandizo chodziŵika kwa DSM-5. Chidutswa Chogonana Behav. (2010) 39:377–400. doi: 10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Kraus SW, Voon V, Potenza MN. Kodi khalidwe loyenera la kugonana liyenera kuonedwa kuti ndiloledwetsa? Bongo (2016) 111: 2097-106. onetsani: 10.1111 / add.13297

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Kuzma JM, Black DW. Epidemiology, kufalikira, ndi mbiri yakale ya chizoloŵezi chogonana. Psychiatr Clin North Am. (2008) 31: 603-11. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.psc.2008.06.005

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Schneider JP, Schneider B. Kugonana, kunama, ndi kukhululukirana: Amayi akuyankhula za machiritso okhudzana ndi kugonana. Tucson, AZ: Resources Recovery Resources Press (2004).

Google Scholar

  1. Black DW. Matenda ndi zozizwitsa za chizolowezi chogonana. CNS Wopenya. (2000) 5: 26-35. yesani: 10.1017 / S1092852900012645

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Coleman E. Kodi kuvutika kwanu kupirira ndi chilakolako chogonana? Psychiatr Ann. (1992) 22:320–5. doi: 10.3928/0048-5713-19920601-09

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Seegers JA. Kufalikira kwa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere ku koleji. Kugonana kwachuma Compul. (2003) 10: 247-58. pitani: 10.1080 / 713775413

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Kim M, Kwak J. Achinyamata amakumana ndi vutoli pa digito. J Munthu. (2011) 29: 283-326.

Google Scholar

  1. Bancroft J, Vukadinovic Z. Kugonana, kugonana, kugonana, kapena chiyani? Kuwonetseratu chitsanzo. J Sex Res. (2004) 41: 225-34. pitani: 10.1080 / 00224490409552230

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Zinsalu PJ, Hopkins TA, Green BA. Zofunika zachipatala zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere chofuna kugonana: zokhudzana ndi chiyeso choyesa chiwerewere-kukonzanso. J Addict Med. (2014) 8: 450-61. onetsani: 10.1097 / ADM.0000000000000080

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Garcia FD, Thibaut F. Chizolowezi chogonana. Am J Addict Alcohol Abuse (2010) 36: 254-60. pitani: 10.3109 / 00952990.2010.503823

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Kor A, Fogel YA, Reid RC, Potenza MN. Kodi matenda a hypersexual ayenera kukhala oledzera? Kugonana kwachuma Compul. (2013) 20: 27-47. pitani: 10.1080 / 10720162.2013.768132

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Mayi M, Young KS, Laier C. Prefrontal olamulira ndi intaneti: njira yophunzitsira ndi kuyang'ana kafukufuku wa m'maganizo. Kutsogolo Hum Neurosci. (2014) 8: 375. onetsani: 10.3389 / fnhum.2014.00375

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Dong G, Zhou H, Zhao X. Amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti akudetsa nkhawa zosonyeza mphamvu zolamulira akuluakulu: umboni wochokera ku mtundu wa mawu Stroop ntchito. Neurosci Lett. (2011) 499: 114-8. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.neulet.2011.05.047

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Kertzman S, Lowengrub K, Aizer A, Nahum ZB, Kotler M, Dannon PN. Kuchita bwino kwa anthu otchova njuga. Kupuma kwa maganizo. (2006) 142: 1-10. yani: 10.1016 / j.psychres.2005.07.027

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Miner MH, Raymond N, Mueller BA, Lloyd M, Lim KO. Kufufuza koyambirira za makhalidwe osokoneza bongo ndi chikhalidwe cha chiwerewere. Kupuma kwa maganizo. (2009) 174: 146-51. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.pscychresns.2009.04.008

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Reid RC, Karim R, McCrory E, Carpenter BN. Kusiyanitsa kwadzidzidzi pazitsamba za machitidwe apamwamba ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere muzitsanzo za odwala komanso m'mudzi mwa anthu. Int J Neurosci. (2010) 120: 120-7. pitani: 10.3109 / 00207450903165577

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Reid RC, Garos S, Carpenter BN. Kukhulupilika, kutsimikizirika, ndi chithunzithunzi cha chitukuko cha machitidwe a Hypersexual Inventory mumsampha wamkati wa anthu. Kugonana kwachuma Compul. (2011) 18: 30-51. pitani: 10.1080 / 10720162.2011.555709

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Wright I, Waterman M, Prescott H, Murdoch-Eaton D. Mchitidwe watsopano wa Stroop wa chitukuko chogwira ntchito: zomwe zimakhala zochitika zachitukuko. J Child Psychol Psychiatry (2003) 44:561–75. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00145

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Chitsamba Choyaka G, Whalen PJ, Rosen BR, Jenike MA, McInerney SC, Rauch SL. Kuwerengera Stroop: kusokoneza ntchito yapadera pa maphunziro opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirira ntchito ndi MRI yothandiza. Hum Brain Mapp. (1998) 6:270–82. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:4<270::AID-HBM6>3.0.CO;2-0

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Leung HC, Skudlarski P, Gatenby JC, Peterson BS, Gore JC. Zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi MRI za mawu a mtundu wa Stroop mawu osokoneza ntchito. Cereb Cortex (2000) 10: 552-60. pitani: 10.1093 / cercor / 10.6.552

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Peterson BS, Skudlarski P, Gatenby JC, Zhang H, Anderson AW, Gore JC. Kufufuza kwa fMRI ya kusokoneza mtundu wa mawu a Stroop: umboni wa cingulate subregions kusungira maulendo ambiri anagawa mawonekedwe. Biol Psychiatry (1999) 45:1237–58. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00056-6

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Herd SA, Banich MT, O'reilly RC. Njira za Neural zowongolera kuzindikira: mtundu wophatikiza wa magwiridwe antchito a Stroop ndi deta ya fMRI. J Cogn Neurosci. (2006) 18: 22-32. pitani: 10.1162 / 089892906775250012

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Goldstein RZ, Volkow ND. Kusokonekera kwa kampani ya prefrontal cortex m'kuledzeretsa: zotsatira zokhudzana ndi matenda ndi zochitika zachipatala. Nat Rev Neurosci. (2011) 12: 652-69. onetsani: 10.1038 / nrn3119

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Seok JW, Sohn JH. Zogonana za Neural za chilakolako cha kugonana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwerewere. Front Behav Neurosci. (2015) 9: 321. onetsani: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2015.00321

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Roivainen E. Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito liwiro: kufufuza kafukufuku waposachedwapa. Phunzirani Payekha Mosiyana. (2011) 21: 145-9. yani: 10.1016 / j.lindif.2010.11.021

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Zowonjezera P, Green B, Zinsalu S. Zomwezo zimasiyanasiyana: kukonzanso kuyesa kugonana ndi kugonana. Kugonana kwachuma Compul. (2010) 17: 7-30. pitani: 10.1080 / 10720161003604087

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Association AP. Buku Lophatikiza ndi Kuwerenga Buku la Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: Chipatala cha American Psychiatric (2013).

Google Scholar

  1. Reid RC, Garos S, Carpenter BN, Coleman E. Chotsatira chodabwitsa chokhudzana ndi ulamuliro wotsogoleredwa mu chitsanzo cha odwala amuna omwe amagonana nawo. J Sex Med. 8: 2227-36. onetsani: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2011.02314.x

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text

  1. Stroop JR. Zofufuza za kusokonezeka mu zochitika zovuta. J Exp Psychol. (1935) 18: 643. yani: 10.1037 / h0054651

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Peterson BS, Kane MJ, Alexander GM, Lacadie C, Skudlarski P, Leung HC, et al. Zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi MRI zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zochitika zomwe zimakhudza ntchito za Simon ndi Stroop. Ubongo Wotsutsana ndi Ubongo Wa Ubongo. (2002) 13:427–40. doi: 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00054-X

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Whelan R. Kufufuza bwino za momwe nthawi ikuchitira deta. Psychol Rec. (2008) 58: 475-82. yesani: 10.1007 / BF03395630

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Alvarez JA, Emory E. Ntchito yayikulu ndi lobes yapambali: ndemanga yowonongeka. Rev. Neuropsychol. (2006) 16: 17-42. yani: 10.1007 / s11065-006-9002-x

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Zhang Y, Lin X, Zhou H, Xu J, Du X, Dong G. Brain akuchita zinthu zokhudzana ndi masewera okhudzana ndi maseŵera a pa Intaneti pamene akuledzera Stroop task. Front Psychol. (2016) 7: 714. onetsani: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2016.00714

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Wecker NS, Kramer JH, Wisniewski A, Delis DC, Kaplan E. Zotsatira zake pa luso lapamwamba. Neuropsychology (2000) 14: 409. yesani: 10.1037 / 0894-4105.14.3.409

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Azizian A, Nestor LJ, Payer D, Monterosso JR, Brody AL, London ED. Kusuta kumachepetsa kusamvana komwe kumagwirizana ndi kusokonezeka komwe kumagwira ntchito mwa osuta fodya omwe sachita ntchito ya Stroop. Neuropsychopharmacology (2010) 35: 775-82. onetsani: 10.1038 / npp.2009.186

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Bolla K, Ernst M, Kiehl K, Mouratidis M, Eldreth D, Contoreggi C, et al. Kusamalidwa kwapereta kwa kansalu kosakanikirana ndi kocaine. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. (2004) 16: 456-64. yani: 10.1176 / jnp.16.4.456

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Curtis CE, D'Esposito M. Zochita zolimbikira mu preortal cortex panthawi yokumbukira. Miyambo Yogwiritsa Ntchito. (2003) 7:415–23. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00197-9

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. MP wa Milham, Banich MT, Barad V. Mpikisano wofunikira pakukonzekera ukuwonjezera kutengapo gawo kwa preortal cortex pakuwongolera pamwamba: kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi fMRI wa Stroop task. Ubongo Wotsutsana ndi Ubongo Wa Ubongo. (2003) 17:212–22. doi: 10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00108-3

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Barbas H. Connections omwe amachititsa kuti adziwitse, kukumbukira, ndi kukhudzidwa ndi ma cortices oyambirira. Bongo Res Bull. (2000) 52:319–30. doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00245-2

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Petrides M, Pandya D. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: kuyerekezera cytoarchitectonic kuunika kwa umunthu ndi macaque ubongo ndi corticocortical kugwirizana. Eur J Neurosci. (1999) 11: 1011-36. onetsani: 10.1046 / j.1460-9568.1999.00518.x

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Petrides M. Udindo wa pakatikati pa zipangizo zapakati pazomwe mukugwira ntchito. Exp Resin Res. (2000) 133: 44-54. onetsani: 10.1007 / s002210000399

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Schall JD, Morel A, Mfumu DJ, Bullier J. Maonekedwe a maonekedwe owona ndi maso oyang'ana m'maso mwa macaque: kutembenuka ndi kusankhana kwa mitsinje yogwiritsira ntchito. J Neurosci. (1995) 15: 4464-87.

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | Google Scholar

  1. Banich MT, Milham MP, Jacobson BL, Webb A, Wszalek T, Cohen NJ, et al. Kusankha mwatsatanetsatane ndi kukonzekera kwazomwe ntchito sizikuthandiza: kudziwa kuchokera ku mayeso a FMRI a Stroop task. Tsamba la ubongo wa Prog. (2001) 134:459–70. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(01)34030-X

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Siriya V, Husain M. Udindo wa ntchito yochepetsetsa kwambiri mu dorhotry and ventral stream dichotomy. Neuropsychologia (2009) 47: 1434-48. yani: 10.1016 / j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.033

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Dolcos F, Miller B, Kragel P, Jha A, McCarthy G. Chigawo cha m'maganizo chimasiyana chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yokumbukira ntchito. Resin ya ubongo. (2007) 1152: 171-81. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2007.03.059

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Zomera za JB, Exline JJ, Pargament KI, Volk F, Lindberg MJ. Zithunzi zolaula za pa intaneti zimagwiritsa ntchito, kugwiritsidwa ntchito moledzeretsa, ndi zovuta zachipembedzo / zauzimu. Zokambirana Zogonana Behav. (2017) 46:1733–45. doi: 10.1007/s10508-016-0772-9

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Leonhardt ND, Willoughby BJ, Young-Petersen B. Zowonongeka: malingaliro a chizoloŵezi choononga zolaula monga mkhalapakati pakati pa chipembedzo ndi ubale wokhudzana ndi zolaula zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. J Sex Res. (2018) 55: 357-68. pitani: 10.1080 / 00224499.2017.1295013

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

  1. Mgwirizano M, Pembedzero N, Proudfit GH, S Rahman A, Fong T. Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, amaneneratu kudziletsa kwa chiwerewere. Cogn Emot. (2015) 29: 1505-16. pitani: 10.1080 / 02699931.2014.993595

Zosindikizidwa M'Buku | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu: khalidwe loopsya la kugonana, kugonjetsa akuluakulu, Stroop ntchito, kujambula maginito opanga maginito, mapuloteni operekera magetsi, mapuloteni otsika kwambiri

Zotchulidwa: Seok JW ndi Sohn JH (2018) Zosintha Zowonongeka ndi Zopanda Parietal Ntchito Pa Ntchito ya Stroop mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Vuto la Matenda a Hypersexual. Kutsogolo. Psychiatry 9: 460. onetsani: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00460

Zilandiridwa: 31 March 2018; Yavomerezedwa: 04 September 2018;
Lofalitsidwa: 25 September 2018.

Lolembedwa ndi:

Achinyamata-Chul Jung, Yonsei University, South Korea

Kuwunikira by:

Kesong Hu, University of DePauw, United States
Alessio Simonetti, Baylor College of Medicine, United States

Copyright © 2018 Seok ndi Zohn. Ichi ndi nkhani yotseguka yolumikizidwa pansi pa mawu a Malamulo a Creative Commons Licribution (CC BY). Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, kufalitsa kapena kubereka m'mabwalo ena amavomerezedwa, kupatula ngati olemba oyambirira ndi eni ake amalembedwa ndi kuti buku loyambirira m'magazini ino likutchulidwa, molingana ndi maphunziro ovomerezeka. Palibe ntchito, kufalitsa kapena kubalana kumaloledwa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mawu awa.

* Makalata: Jin-Hun Sohn, [imelo ndiotetezedwa]