Kafukufuku wonena zomwe zapezeka zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulekerera), malo okhala ndi zolaula, komanso zizindikiro zosiya

Introduction

Ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kawirikawiri amafotokoza kukula kwa zolaula zawo zomwe zimatenga mawonekedwe a nthawi yochulukirapo kapena kufunafuna mitundu yambiri ya zolaula. Mitundu yatsopano yomwe imachititsa mantha, kudabwa, kuphwanya ziyembekezo kapena ngakhale nkhawa zingathe kuonjezera kuukitsa kugonana, ndipo mwa ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula omwe amayankha kukhumudwitsa chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, chodabwitsachi n'chofala kwambiri.

Norman Doidge MD analemba za izi m'buku lake la 2007 Ubongo Womwe Umasintha:

Mliri wamanyala wamakono umapereka chisonyezero chosonyeza kuti zofuna zogonana zingapezeke. Zithunzi zolaula, zoperekedwa ndi ma intaneti othamanga kwambiri, zimakwaniritsa chilichonse chofunikira kuti munthu asinthe mitsempha yake…. Ojambula zolaula akadzitama kuti akukankhira envelopu poyambitsa mitu yatsopano, yovuta, zomwe samanena ndikuti ayenera, chifukwa makasitomala awo akupanga kulolerana ndi zomwe zili.

Masamba akumapeto kwa magazini owopsa a amuna ndi masamba azolaula a pa intaneti ali ndi zotsatsa zamankhwala amtundu wa Viagra-mankhwala opangidwira amuna achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto a erectile okhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso otseka mitsempha yamagazi mbolo. Masiku ano anyamata omwe amaonera zolaula amaopa kwambiri kusowa mphamvu, kapena "kuwonongeka kwa erectile" monga momwe amatchulidwira. Mawu osocheretsa amatanthauza kuti amunawa ali ndi vuto m'mibadwo yawo, koma vuto lili m'mutu mwawo, m'mapu awo ogonana. Mbolo imagwira ntchito bwino akagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Siziwachitikira kawirikawiri kuti pakhoza kukhala ubale pakati pa zolaula zomwe akudya komanso kusowa mphamvu kwawo.

mu 2012 reddit / nofap anapanga a kufufuza kwa anthu, zomwe zinapeza kuti pa 60% ya zokonda za mamembala awo zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, kudzera m'mitundu yambiri yolaula.

Q: Kodi zokonda zanu zolaula zasintha?

• Zomwe ndimakonda sizikusintha kwambiri - 29%
• Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zosokoneza ndipo izi zinandipangitsa manyazi kapena nkhawa - 36%
• Ndipo ... zokonda zanga zidayamba kukhala zopitilira muyeso kapena zopatuka ndipo izi zidatero osati ndipangeni manyazi kapena nkhawa - 27%

Ndipo apa pali 2017 umboni wochokera ku PornHub kugonana kwenikweni kumachepetsa chidwi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zolaula sizikuthandizira anthu kupeza zomwe amakonda "zenizeni"; zikuwayendetsa mopitilira muyeso kuzinthu zachilendo kwambiri komanso mitundu "yopanda tanthauzo":

Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuyenda kwambiri kuzopeka kuposa zenizeni. Zithunzi zolaula za 'Generic' zikulowedwa m'malo ndi zongopeka kapena zochitika zina. Kodi izi zikuchitika chifukwa chotopetsa kapena chidwi? Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika; 'kutuluka, kutuluka' sikukhutitsanso anthu ambiri, omwe akufunafuna china chosiyana ”adatero Dr.

Chithandizo chokhacho chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula samachulukirachulukira chimabwera ndi Ogas ndi Gaddam amatsutsidwa kwambiri buku "Maganizo Oipa Ambiri Biliyoni" ndi zonena zawo kuti kukonda zolaula sikukhazikika pamoyo wawo wonse. Ogas & Gaddam adasanthula kusaka kwa AOL kuchokera ku 2006, patangopita miyezi yochepa. Nayi gawo kuchokera patsamba la Ogi Ogas Psychology Today:

Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuwonera zolaula kumapangitsa mtundu wina wamachitidwe a neural kutsogolera kutsetsereka kofunafuna zinthu zambiri zosokonekera, komanso maumboni ambiri osonyeza kuti zofuna za amuna achikulire ndizokhazikika.

Monga YBOP inafotokozera muzifukwa ziwiri (1, 2):

1. Owerenga zithunzi ayenera kufufuzidwa zaka zoposa kutenga mtundu wa zosintha zosangalatsa amuna akulipoti. Miyezi itatu sali okwanira.
2. Ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula samagwiritsa ntchito Google kuti apeze zolaula. M'malo mwake, amatsogoleredwa ku tsamba lawo lokonda kwambiri. Kulimbana ndi mtundu watsopano (womwe uli pambali ya mbali) umachitika pamene wogwiritsa ntchito maliseche.

Ngati maphunziro omwe atchulidwa pansipa sakukwanira mokwanira, kafukufukuyu wa 2017 amawononga zomwe anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhazikika: Mafilimu Owonetsa Zogonana Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Kugonana: Kuyerekezera Kufananirana kwa Amuna Amuna, Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amodzi. Chidule cha kufufuza kwaposachedwapa:

Zomwe anapezazo zinasonyezanso Anthu ambiri amaona kuti SEM ndi zosiyana ndi zomwe adanena zokhudza kugonana. IT sizinali zachilendo kwa amuna omwe amadziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti adziwe kuwona SEM yomwe imakhala ndi khalidwe la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (20.7%) komanso amuna omwe amadziwika ndi amuna okhaokha omwe amadziwika ndi amuna okhaokha kuti aziwonetsa khalidwe logonana pakati pawo (55.0%). Zinali zachilendo kuti abambo achiwerewere afotokoze kuti amaonera kugonana ndi (13.9%) ndipo alibe kondomu (22.7%) m'miyezi ya 6 yapitayi.

Mu 2019, a Phunziro la Spain pa amuna ndi akazi 500 (azaka zapakati pa 21) adatinso ambiri adawona zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo adaziwona zikuwadzutsa - ngakhale ambiri anali owongoka.

Komanso, onani m'nkhaniyi za kafukufuku wa 2018 YOUPorn, omwe anafotokoza kuti amuna owongoka amawonera zolaula zolaula 23% pa nthawiyo. Onaninso kuti amayi ambiri (ndi 40% ya amuna) amanena kuti zosangalatsa zawo zolaula zasintha m'zaka zapitazo za 5. Kuyambira kafukufukuyu:

Kafukufukuyu, wophatikizidwa ndi ena omwe atchulidwa pansipa, amatsimikizira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula masiku ano "apeze kugonana kwawo kwenikweni”Pogwiritsa ntchito mawebusayiti, kenako ndikutsatira mtundu umodzi wokha wa zolaula kwa nthawi yonseyi. Umboni ukuwonjezeka kuti kutsitsa zolaula za digito kumawoneka ngati kusintha zosankha zakugonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, ndikuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumadziwika kuti chizolowezi kapena chizolowezi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, magulu osiyanasiyana otsatirawa akuti azolowera "zolaula zanthawi zonse" komanso kukwera kwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yachilendo. Angapo amanenanso kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amayamba kutuluka.

Maphunziro ndi zolemba zofunikira

PHUNZIRO Loyamba: Ichi chinali phunziro loyamba kufunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula molunjika pa kukula kwake: Zochitika zogonana pa Intaneti: Kufufuza zofufuza za mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chitsanzo cha amuna (2016). Phunziroli limalongosola kuchulukitsa, pamene a 49% a amunawa adanena zowonera zolaula zomwe poyamba sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena zomwe poyamba ankaziona ngati zonyansa. Chidule:

Anthu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi alionse amatchulidwa nthawi zina pofunafuna kugonana kapena kugwira nawo ntchito za OSA zomwe poyamba sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti zimaganizira zonyansa.

Kafukufukuyu waku Belgian adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kovuta kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya erectile ndikuchepetsa kukhutira kwakugonana. Komabe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi zilakolako zazikulu (OSA = zogonana pa intaneti, zomwe zinali zolaula kwa maphunziro a 99%). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, 20.3% ya omwe atenga nawo mbali adati cholinga chimodzi chakuonera zolaula chinali "kupitiliza kukondana ndi wokondedwa wanga." Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kufufuza mwachindunji maubwenzi apakati pazovuta zakugonana komanso kutengapo gawo kwamavuto mu OSA. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti chilakolako chokwera pogonana, kuchepetsa kukhutira kwakugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa erectile kumalumikizidwa ndi ma OSA ovuta (zogonana pa intaneti). Zotsatirazi zitha kulumikizidwa ndi zamaphunziro am'mbuyomu zomwe zimafotokoza za kukwezedwa kwakukulu pokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zakugonana (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

PHUNZIRO LACHIWIRI: Dual Control Model: Udindo Wogonana & Kukondweretsa Pazakugonana Ndi Khalidwe (2007). Indiana University Press, Mkonzi: Erick Janssen, pp.197-222.  Poyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, 50% ya anyamatawa sakanakhoza kudzutsidwa kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula (azaka zapakati anali 29). Ofufuza odabwitsika adazindikira kuti kukanika kwa amuna amunawo kunali,

 zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka m'zipinda ndi malo osambira omwe zithunzi zolaula zinali "ponseponse," komanso "kusewera mosalekeza." Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi nkhaniyi kunalimbikitsa lingaliro lathu kuti ena mwa iwo anali ndi chidwi chokwanira kufooka kwawoneka kuti zakhala zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ochepa kwambiri pa "vanilla kugonana" komanso kuti chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zachikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikizapo kusowa kwachindunji mitundu ya zokakamiza kuti awutse.

MAFUNSO ACHITATU NDI ANTHU: Onse awiri adapeza kuti zolakwika (mwachitsanzo, kugonana ndi nyama kapena zochepa) ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimasonyeza kuti anthu amayamba kuona zolaula. Maphunzirowa akugwirizana ndi zolaula zomwe zimayambira kale kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.

1) Kodi zolaula zonyansa zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman? (2013). Chidule:

Zomwe anapeza pa kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa kuti zolaula za pa Intaneti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zingatsatire njira ya Guttman. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu omwe amawonetsa zolaula za ana amadya mitundu ina ya zolaula, zonse zosavuta komanso zopanda pake. Kuti ubale uwu ukhale ngati njira ya Guttman, kufotokoza zolaula kwa ana kumafunika kuti zichitike pambuyo poona zolaula. Kafukufukuyu akuyesera kufufuza njirayi poyesa ngati "msinkhu wa chiyambi" kwa anthu olaula akugwiritsira ntchito akuthandizira kusintha kuchokera kwa akuluakulu-kupatulapo zolaula zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malingana ndi zotsatira, zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi zolaula zogwiritsidwa ntchito zingakhudzidwe ndi "msinkhu wa anthu" kuti achite nawo zolaula. Malinga ndi zomwe Quayle ndi Taylor (2003) adanena, kugonana kwa ana kumagwirizanitsa ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana kapena chokhumba chimene anthu ochimwa amayamba kusonkhanitsa zolaula. Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa anthu omwe amachita chilakolako choonera zolaula amakhala aang'ono kwambiri akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chochita zolaula zina.

2) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Udindo Wa Zithunzi Zolaula Zakale Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Kusiyanitsa Kwaokha (2016). Zowonjezera:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula omwe amakula kwambiri amawoneka kuti ndi opambana ndipo adanena kuti ali ndi zaka zochepa kwambiri kuti ayambire zithunzi zolaula akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha.

Pomalizira pake, anthu omwe anafunsidwa kuti adziwe kuti akuyamba kuonera zithunzi zolaula adaneneratu kuti anthu akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu okhawo amangoganizira za zolaula. Masiku ano, anthu akuluakulu oonera zolaula amadziona kuti ndi achichepere poyambitsa zolaula (akuluakulu okha) omwe amawayerekezera ndi anthu ochita zolaula okha. Zowonjezera, zotsatirazi zikuthandizira kumapeto komwe kotengedwa ndi Seigfried-Spellar ndi Rogers (2013) kuti zolaula zogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti zingagwiritse ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman mu Zithunzi zolaula zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala zosavuta kuchitika pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula zachikulire.

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU: Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Ogwirizana Ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zithunzi   (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - Kafukufuku wa Max Planck Institute fMRI adapeza zochepa kwambiri mu mphotho (dorsal striatum) yolumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zidadyedwa. Inapezanso kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphotho yocheperako poyang'ana poyang'ana zithunzi zachiwerewere. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa kukhumudwitsidwa, komanso kulolerana, zomwe ndizofunikira zolimbikitsira kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse gawo lomweli lodzutsa. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn adanena izi za kuphunzira kwake:

Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kumachepetsa mphotho. … Chifukwa chake timaganiza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafunikira zolimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti afikire mphotho yomweyo ... Izi ndizogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezedwa pakalumikizidwe kogwira ntchito kwa striatum kumadera ena aubongo: kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa dera lamalipiro ndi preortal cortex. Kortex yoyambilira, limodzi ndi striatum, imakhudzidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndipo imawoneka kuti ikuwongolera pagalimoto yofunafuna mphotho.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu Meyi, 2016. Kuhn & Gallinat adalemba izi - Zotsatira za Neurobiological za kugonana kwachiwerewere. Powunikiranso Kuhn & Gallinat afotokozere kafukufuku wawo wa 2014 fMRI:

Pakafukufuku waposachedwa ndi gulu lathu, tidalemba omwe amatenga nawo gawo athanzi ndipo tidayanjanitsa maola awo omwe amadzinenera omwe amakhala ndi zolaula ndi kuyankha kwawo kwa fMRI pazithunzi zogonana komanso ndi ubongo wawo (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Maola ochulukirapo omwe adanenapo kuti akuwonera zolaula, mayankho ang'onoang'ono a BOLD kumanzere putamen poyankha zithunzi zachiwerewere. Kuphatikiza apo, tidapeza kuti maola ochulukirapo akuwonera zolaula zimalumikizidwa ndi voliyumu yaying'ono yamtundu wa striatum, makamaka mu caudate yolondola yolowera mu ventral putamen. Timalingalira kuti ubongo wa chilolezo umakhala wochepa kwambiri ukhoza kusonyeza zotsatira za kulekerera pambuyo poti sakufuna kugonana.

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU: Zachilendo, maonekedwe ndi chisamaliro chokhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana (2015). Cambridge University fMRI yopeza kufotokozera kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chidule:

Zoyeserera zolaula pa intaneti ndizochulukirapo ndipo zikukula, ndipo izi zitha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ntchito kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, amuna athanzi omwe amawona mobwerezabwereza filimu yofananira yomweyo amapezeka kuti amakonda chizolowezicho ndikupeza chotsitsimutsa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azigonana pang'onopang'ono, osakhudzidwa komanso osakhudzidwa (Koukounas ndi Over, 2000). … Timayesa zomwe zikuwonetseratu kuti chiopsezo choterechi chimadziwika ndi kufunafuna, chikhalidwe komanso chizoloŵezi chogonana pakati pa amuna.

KUCHOKERA KUCHITULUTSA KUKHALA KWAMBIRI:

Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosokoneza bongo amakhala ndi mwayi wosankha bukuli chifukwa chodziwika bwino pazithunzi zogonana zokhudzana ndi zinthu zopanda ndale, komabe anthu odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amatha kusankha zosankha zapakati pazithunzi zachikazi zapakati pazinthu zapakati pazithunzi.

Dr Voon akufotokoza kuti: "Tonsefe titha kulumikizana mwanjira ina posaka zinthu zatsopano pa intaneti - zitha kukhala zikuchokera pa tsamba limodzi kupita kwina, kapena kulumpha kuchokera pa Facebook kupita ku Amazon kupita ku YouTube ndikupitilira." "Koma kwa anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere mopitirira muyeso, izi zimadzakhala chizolowezi chawo kuposa zomwe sangathe, zomwe zimangokhala pazithunzi zolaula."

Pa ntchito yachiwiri, odzipereka adawonetsedwa awiriawiri yazithunzi - mkazi wosavala ndi bokosi laimvi losalowerera ndale - zonsezi zidakutidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Adaphunzira kuyanjanitsa zithunzizi zosazindikirika ndi zithunzizo, mofanana ndi momwe agalu oyeserera odziwika a Pavlov adaphunzirira kulumikizana ndi belu lolira ndi chakudya. Kenako adapemphedwa kuti asankhe pakati pazithunzizi ndi zachilendo.

Pakadali pano, ofufuza adawonetsa kuti omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere pomwe angasankhe njira zina (pankhaniyi njira zosamveka) zogwirizana ndi mphotho yakugonana komanso ndalama. Izi zimathandizira lingaliro loti zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopanda vuto m'malo omwe ali osokoneza bongo 'zitha kuwalimbikitsa' kufunafuna zithunzi zachiwerewere.

"Zolemba zingakhale zophweka monga kungotsegula osatsegula pa intaneti," akufotokoza Dr Voon. "Amatha kuyambitsa zinthu zingapo ndipo asanadziwe, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula. Kuthetsa kulumikizana kwa izi ndi machitidwe ake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. ”

Ofufuzawa adayesanso mayeso ena pamene 20 adagwiritsira ntchito kugonana ndi 20 akugwirizana ndi anthu odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino poyesedwa mobwerezabwereza - mkazi wosavulazidwa, ndalama za £ 1 kapena bwalo lopanda malire.

Adapeza kuti pomwe omwe adachita zachiwerewere amawona chithunzi chofananacho mobwerezabwereza, poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi omwe akucheperachepera pantchito yaubongo yotchedwa dorsal anterior cingate cortex, yodziwika kuti ikukhudzidwa ndikuyembekezera mphotho ndikuyankha zochitika zatsopano. Izi ndizogwirizana ndi 'chizolowezi', pomwe womwenso amapeza zotsitsimutsa zomwezo zimapindulitsa - mwachitsanzo, womwa khofi atha kumwa tiyi kapena tiyi kuchokera mu chikho chawo choyamba, koma popita nthawi akamamwa khofi, mphekesera zimachepa.

Chizoloŵezi chomwecho chimapezeka mwa amuna abwino omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma pamene ayang'ana kanema yatsopano, mlingo wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwukweza umabwereranso kuyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kupeŵa chizoloŵezi, chizoloŵezi cha kugonana chiyenera kuyesetsa kupeza mafano atsopano mosalekeza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizoloŵezi chikhoza kuyendetsa kufufuza kwa zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe tapeza ndizofunikira makamaka pankhani yolaula," akuwonjezera Dr Voon. "Sizikudziwika bwino kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chimayambitsa chizolowezi chogonana poyamba ndipo zikuwoneka kuti anthu ena amakonda kwambiri chizolowezi chomangokonda anzawo kuposa ena, koma kupezeka kwachiwerewere kosawoneka ngati kosatha zithunzi kupezeka pa intaneti kumawathandiza kuti azisuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizivuta kuthawa. ” [akugogomezedwa]

KUCHITA ZISANU NDI ZIWIRI: Kufufuza zotsatira za zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana, kumvetsetsa ndi zochita za anyamata: A qualitative survey (2016). Chidule:

Zomwe zimawoneka zikusonyeza kuti mitu yofunikira ndiyi: kuchulukitsitsa kwa kupezeka kwa SEM, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezereka (Kulikonse komwe Mungayang'ane) zomwe anyamata amafufuza pa kafukufukuyu zimakhala ndi zoyipa pazikhalidwe zakugonana (Zomwe Sizabwino). Maphunziro apabanja kapena zogonana atha kupereka 'chitetezo' (Buffers) ku zikhalidwe zomwe achinyamata amawona mu SEM. Zambiri zikuwonetsa malingaliro osokonekera (Zolemba zenizeni Zosangalatsa) mozungulira zomwe achinyamata amayembekeza kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi (Kugonana Kwathanzi) ndi zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe oyenera (Kudziwa Zoyipa ndi Zolakwika). Njira yomwe ingayambitse zovuta imafotokozedwa ndipo madera olowererapo awunikiridwa.

KUMODZI KUPHUNZIRA: Kusinthasintha kwazomwe zingatheke posachedwa ndi zithunzi za kugonana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zovuta zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi "zolaula" (Prause et al., 2015.)

Phunziro lachiwiri la EEG kuchokera Gulu la Nicole Prause. Phunziroli linafanizira maphunziro a 2013 kuchokera Steele et al., 2013 kwa gulu lenileni lolamulira (komabe linayesedwa ndi zolakwika zofanana zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira: Poyerekezera ndi machitidwe "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa zolaula zawo" anali ndi ubwino wochepa wa ubongo kumbuyo kwachiwiri pa zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. The wolemba wamkulu amati zotsatira izi "debunk zolaula." Chani wasayansi wodalirika anganene kuti phunziro lawo lokha lauchidwi ladandaula a malo ophunziridwa bwino?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapeza Prause et al. 2015 iyanjana bwino ndi Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014), yomwe inapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Prause et al. zofufuziranso zikugwirizana ndi Banca et al. 2015. Komanso, maphunziro ena a EEG adapeza kuti zolaula zambiri mwa amayi zimayenderana ndi zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo uzichita zolaula. Kuwerenga kotsika kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti maphunziro sanatengere chidwi ndi zithunzi. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri sanasangalale ndi zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Iwo anali otopetsa (ozolowera kapena osakhudzidwa). Onani izi YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa. Mapepala asanu ndi anayi owunika zomwe anagwirizana akuvomereza kuti kafukufukuyu adapeza kupsinjika / malo okhala mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (zogwirizana ndi chizolowezi): Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015

CHIFUNDO CHA NTHAWI: Zovuta zachilendo kuchita monga chidziwitso cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi chithandizo cha kugonana kwa anyamata (2014). Chimodzi mwazofufuza za 4 papepalali chimafotokoza za bambo yemwe ali ndi mavuto azakugonana (low libido, angapo zolaula, anorgasmia). Kugonana kunafuna kuti milungu isanu ndi umodzi ipewe zolaula komanso maliseche. Pambuyo pa miyezi 6 mwamunayo adanenanso zakuchuluka chilakolako chogonana, kugonana bwino ndi chiwerewere, ndikusangalala ndi "machitidwe abwino ogonana. Zolemba kuchokera papepalali zomwe zimafotokoza momwe wodwalayo amakhalira komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe ananena kuti ndizosangalatsa kwambiri:

Atafunsidwa za zizoloŵezi za masturbatory, iye adanena kuti m'mbuyo mwake adakhala akuchita maliseche mwamsanga ndikuwona zolaula kuyambira ali mwana. Zithunzi zolaula poyamba zinali za zoophilia, ndi ukapolo, ulamuliro, chisoni, ndi masochism, koma pomaliza pake anazoloŵera zidazi ndipo ankafuna zojambula zolaula zambiri, kuphatikizapo kugonana, kugonana, komanso kugonana. Ankagula mafilimu oletsa zolaula pa zochitika zogonana ndi kugwiririra ndikuwonetsa zithunzizi poganiza kuti azigonana ndi amayi. Pang'onopang'ono anataya chilakolako chake ndi kuthekera kwake kuganiza ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yambiri yolaula.

Chidule cha pepalachi chimalemba kuti wodwalayo akuchira ku zovuta zakuwononga zolaula komanso ziboda:

Mogwirizana ndi magawo a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi wodwalayo, wodwalayo adalangizidwa kuti asapewe chilichonse chokhudza kugonana, kuphatikizapo mavidiyo, nyuzipepala, mabuku, ndi intaneti. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 8, wodwalayo adanena kuti akupeza bwino ndikumaliza. Anayambitsanso ubale wake ndi mkazi ameneyo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anapeza chisangalalo chabwino chogonana.

KUPHUNZITSA KUTSATIRA: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapadera (2016) - ndikuwunikanso zambiri pamabuku okhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Wolemba madokotala aku US Navy, kuwunikaku kumapereka zidziwitso zaposachedwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pamavuto achichepere ogonana. Imawunikiranso maphunziro amitsempha okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zolaula kudzera pa intaneti. Madokotalawa akuphatikizira malipoti atatu azachipatala a ma servicemen omwe adayamba zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zogonana. Awiri mwa atatuwa adachiritsa zovuta zawo pakugonana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pomwe munthu wachitatu sanasinthe kwenikweni popeza sanathe kupewa zolaula. Awiri mwa atatuwa adalemba chizolowezi zolaula komanso kuchuluka kwa zolaula. Ogwira ntchito oyamba amafotokoza za chizolowezi chake cha "zolaula zolaula" kenako ndikukula kwambiri zolaula zolaula:

Ntchito ya zaka 20 yomwe inagwira ntchito ya ku Caucasus inali ndi mavuto ovuta kugonana m'kati mwa kugonana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo. Izo zinachitika koyamba pamene iye anatumizidwa kunja kwa nyanja. Anali ndi maliseche kwa ora limodzi opanda chibwibwi, ndipo mbolo yake inapita molakwika. Mavuto ake adasintha ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zake panthawi yomwe adatumizidwa. Kuchokera pamene adabwerera, sanathe kumangokhalira kugonana ndi mkazi wake. Anatha kukwanitsa kukonzekera koma sakanatha kusokoneza, ndipo pambuyo pa 10-15 min iye amatha kutaya, zomwe sizinali choncho iye asanakhale ndi nkhani za ED.

Oleza mtima amavomeretsa maliseche kawirikawiri "zaka", ndipo kamodzi kapena kawiri pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwazaka zingapo zapitazi. Anavomereza kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti pofuna kukondweretsa. Popeza kuti anali ndi Intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, ankadalira kwambiri zolaula za pa Intaneti. Poyamba, "zolaula zosavuta", kumene zinthu sizikuphatikizapo kugonana kwenikweni, "ananyenga". Komabe, pang'onopang'ono anafunikira zojambula zojambula bwino kapena zovuta kwambiri. Iye adatulutsa mavidiyo ambiri nthawi imodzi ndikuwonanso mbali zolimbikitsa kwambiri. [akugogomezedwa]

Wachiwiri wogwira ntchito uja amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kuchuluka kwa zolaula. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake adagonana ndi mkazi wake "osachita monga kale":

Mnyamata wina wazaka zapachilumba wa 40 wa ku America adalembetsa antitoke ndi zaka 17 za ntchito yogwira ntchito yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ndi zovuta kuti akwaniritse miyezi itatu yapitayo. Iye adanena kuti pamene adafuna kugonana ndi mkazi wake, adali ndi vuto kuti athe kukwanitsa kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Kuyambira pamene mwana wawo wamng'ono adachoka ku koleji, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'mbuyomo, anali atapezeka kuti ali ndi maliseche nthawi zambiri chifukwa chazinsinsi zambiri.

M'mbuyomu adagwiranso ntchito mlungu uliwonse, koma izi zidakwera mpaka kawiri pa sabata. Amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, koma m'mene amapitilira, zimatenga nthawi kuti achite zambiri ndi zinthu zomwe anali kuchita. Izi zidamupangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito zithunzi zowoneka bwino. Posakhalitsa, kugonana ndi mkazi wake "sikunali kwakusangalatsa" monga kale ndipo nthawi zina amapeza mkazi wake "osawoneka wokongola". Anakana kukhala ndi izi m'mbuyomu zaka XNUMX zaukwati wawo. Iye anali ndi mavuto a m'banja chifukwa mkazi wake ankadandaula kuti anali ndi chibwenzi, chomwe iye anakana mwamunthu. [akugogomezedwa]

KUPHUNZIRA KWAUZIMU: Zosintha Zosintha Mu Kuonera Zolaula Ntchito (1986) - Masabata asanu ndi limodzi akuwonetsedwa zolaula zosachita zachiwawa zidapangitsa kuti anthu asakhale ndi chidwi ndi zolaula za vanila, omwe adangoyang'ana "zolaula zosazolowereka" (ukapolo, sadomasochism, kugona ndi nyama). Chidule:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumuka anadzidzidzidwa ndi ola limodzi la zolaula zosavomerezeka, zosagwirizana ndi zolaula kapena zosautsa zamagulu ndi zamwano mu masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Patatha milungu iwiri atalandira chithandizochi, anapatsidwa mwayi woonera mavidiyowa payekha. Zomwe adalemba, zowonjezera, ndi zothandizidwa ndi X zinalipo. Anthu omwe anali ndi chilakolako choonera zolaula, omwe sankachita zachiwerewere, sankachita chidwi ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizinali zachiwawa, amasankha kuti aziwonera zolaula (ukapolo, sadomasochism, chiwerewere) m'malo mwake. Amuna omwe sankakhala ndi mtima wofuna kuona zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizinali zachiwawa, amadyera zithunzi zolaula mosavuta. Ophunzira aamuna anali ndi chitsanzo chomwecho, ngakhale kuti anali ochepa kwambiri. Kusakondera kumeneku kunkawonetsanso kwa akazi, koma kunali kochepa kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa ophunzira aakazi. [akugogomezedwa]

KUDZIWA KWAMBIRI: Kufufuza Zowonongeka Zowonongeka Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Pakati pa Ophunzira a Yunivesite (2016) Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito amisala, zimayamba anthu akayamba kugwiritsa ntchito IP tsiku lililonse.

Zaka zoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito IP zinapezeka kuti zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya IP (onani Table 2). Ophunzira omwe anali ndi IP akadali msinkhu wawo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito IP mobwerezabwereza, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya IP, ndipo amatha kuwombera pamwamba pa DSM-5 Internet Pornography Cirmeria ndi mayankho a CPUI-COMP. Pomalizira, kufikitsa kwathunthu kwa IP kunapezeka kuti kugwirizana kwambiri ndi machitidwe apamwamba a IP. Ophunzira omwe anali ndi nthawi yochulukirapo ku IP anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi magawo ambiri a IP pamwezi.

KUPHUNZITSA THATI: Kugwirizana pakati pa Zowonongeka Zowonongeka Kugwiritsa Ntchito, Kugonana, ndi Kugonana pakati pa Achinyamata Achimuna ku Sweden (2017) - Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula amuna azaka za 18 kunali konsekonse, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakonda zolaula. Kodi izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zolaula?

Pakati pa anthu ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zinali zovuta kwambiri zolaula (71%) zotsatila zolaula (64%), pomwe zithunzi zolaula zosavuta kwambiri ndizosawerengeka kwambiri (73%) ndi osagwiritsa ntchito (36% ). Panalinso kusiyana pakati pa magulu omwe amawonera zolaula zovuta kwambiri (71%, 48%, 10%) ndi zolaula zachiwawa (14%, 9%, 0%).

Olembawo akusonyeza kuti zolaula nthawi zambiri zingayambe kukonda zolaula zoopsa kapena zachiwawa:

Ndizodabwitsa kuti chiyanjano chofunika kwambiri chimapezeka pakati pa kuganizira zolaula kangapo pa sabata ndikuwonera zolaula zovuta kwambiri. Popeza kuti chilakolako cha kugonana ndi chonena za kugonana ndi chofala kwambiri pa zolaula, zomwe achinyamata ambiri amaona kuti zolaula zimaoneka kuti ndi zolaula. Ngati ndi choncho, ndi Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa Petro ndi Valkenburg, Zingakhale kuti mmalo moyeretsa anthu ena ndi malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuyang'ana zolaula zolaula kumawathandiza, motero kumapangitsa mwayi wowonetsa zachiwerewere.

KUPHUNZITSA KWAMBIRI: Kukula kwa Zovuta Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu (PPCS) (2017) - Papepalali linapanga ndikuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adatsatiridwa pambuyo pamafunso okhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Mosiyana ndi mayeso am'mbuyomu okonda zolaula, mafunso awa azinthu za 18 adayesa kulolerana ndikuchoka ndi mafunso 6 otsatirawa:

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Funso lirilonse linatengedwa kuchokera pa chimodzi kufika pa zisanu ndi chimodzi pa sikert: 1- Palibe, 2- Kawirikawiri, 3- Nthawi zina, 4- Nthawi zina, 5- Nthawi zambiri, 6- Nthawi zambiri, 7- Nthawi Zonse. Girafu yomwe ili pansipa yaika ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'magulu atatu kutengera kuchuluka kwawo: "Nonprobelmatic," "Low risk", ndi "Pangozi." Mzere wachikaso sukuwonetsa mavuto, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "Otsika pang'ono" komanso "Okhala pachiwopsezo" ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafotokoza kulekerera komanso kusiya. Mwachidule, kafukufukuyu adafunsanso zakukula (kulekerera) ndi kusiya - ndipo zonsezi zimanenedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kutha kwa mkangano.

PHUNZIRO CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Kodi simukugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi chogonana? - Kafukufuku amene akubwera (woperekedwa ku Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 4 pa Zikhalidwe Zosokoneza Khalidwe pa February 20-22, 2017) yomwe idafunsa za kulolerana ndi kusiya. Inapezeka onse mu "zolaula".

Anna Ševčíková1, Lukas Blinka1 ndi Veronika Soukalová1

University of 1Masaryk, Brno, Czech Republic

Chiyambi ndi zolinga:

Pali kutsutsana koyipa ngati khalidwe loyendetsa kugonana liyenera kumveka ngati mtundu wa chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Phunziro labwino lapamwambali likuwongolera kulingalira momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti yogonana (OUISP) yosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwe ntchito ingapangidwe ndi lingaliro la kuledzera pakati pa anthu omwe anali kuchipatala chifukwa cha OUISP.

Njira:

Tinayankha mafunso ozama ndi otsogolera a 21 a zaka za 22-54 (Mage = 34.24 zaka). Pogwiritsa ntchito kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, zizindikiro za kuchipatala za OUISP zidasanthuledwa ndi zizoloŵezi za chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe, zomwe zimaganizira kwambiri za kulekerera ndi zizindikiro zotsalira (Griffiths, 2001).

Results:

Khalidwe lalikulu lomwe linali lovuta linali loletsa zolaula pa Intaneti (OOPU). Kumanga kulekerera kwa OOPU kunadziwonetsera ngati nthawi yowonjezera yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula zojambula zolaula komanso pofufuza zowonongeka zatsopano komanso zowonongeka m'magulu osasokonekera. Zizindikiro zolekerera zinadziwonetsera okha pa msinkhu wa maganizo ndipo zinatenga mawonekedwe ofunafuna zinthu zina zogonana. Ophunzira khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu adakwaniritsa zovuta zonse.

Zotsatira:

Phunziroli likuwonetsa phindu lokhazikitsa khalidwe labwino

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: (kubwerezedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo a UK): Intaneti zolaula ndi pedophilia (2013) - Ndemanga:

Chidziwitso chachipatala ndipo tsopano zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zikuwonetsa kuti intaneti sikuti imangoganizira chabe anthu omwe ali ndi zofuna za paedophilic zomwe zilipo, koma zikuthandizira kufotokozera zofuna za anthu omwe alibe chidwi chogonana pamaso pa ana.

ZAKA ZOPHUNZIRA: Zimakhala zovuta bwanji kuchepetsa kuthamangitsidwa kochedwa mkati mwachitsanzo chochepa cha kugonana ndi kugonana? Kuyerekeza kwa kafukufuku wamakono (2017) - Lipoti lonena za "milandu ingapo" yowonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo chochedwetsa umuna (anorgasmia). "Wodwala B" amayimira anyamata angapo omwe amathandizidwa ndi wodwalayo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pepalali likuti Odwala B's "Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunakula kukhala zinthu zovuta kwambiri", "monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri". Nyuzipepalayi inanena kuti zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimachedwetsa kutulutsa umuna si zachilendo, ndipo zikukwera. Wolembayo akufuna kuti afufuze zochulukira pazokhudza zolaula zakugonana. Kuchedwa kwa kuleza mtima kwa wodwala B kudachiritsidwa pambuyo pa masabata a 10 opanda zolaula. Zolemba zokhudzana ndi kukwera:

Nkhaniyi ndi milandu yambiri yomwe imachotsedwa kuntchito yanga ku National Health Service ku Croydon University Hospital, London. Ndichidziwitso (wodwala B), ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti nkhaniyi ikuonetsa amuna angapo omwe atumizidwa ndi ma GP awo ndi matenda omwewo. Wodwala B ndi wa 19 wa zaka zomwe adawonetsa chifukwa sankatha kulowera kudzera podutsa. Pamene anali 13, nthawi zonse ankapeza malo oonera zolaula yekha payekha kupyolera pa intaneti kapena kudzera pazomwe anzake amamutumizira. Iye anayamba kuseweretsa maliseche usiku uliwonse pamene akufufuza foni yake kuti afotokoze fano ... Ngati iye samakhala ndi maliseche sakanatha kugona. Zithunzi zolaula zomwe anali kugwiritsira ntchito zinali zitakula, monga momwe zimakhalira (onani Hudson-Allez, 2010), kukhala zovuta kwambiri (palibe choletsedwa) ...

Wodwala B anawonetsedwa ku zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za m'zaka za 12 ndipo zolaula zomwe anali kugwiritsira ntchito zinali zitakula kupita ku ukapolo ndi kulamulidwa ndi zaka za 15.

Tinavomera kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito zolaula kuti achite maliseche. Izi zikutanthauza kusiya foni yake m'chipinda china usiku. Tavomereza kuti adzalora maliseche mosiyana ....Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza za zolaula komanso zotsatira zake zokhudzana ndi maliseche komanso chiwerewere.

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Njira Zozindikira ndi Zopanda Kumvetsetsa: Kodi Zimathetsa Nthawi Zambiri Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito? (2017) - Kafukufukuyu adayesa mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuwerengera kwa EEG & Kuyankha Kwakuyambira) kuzithunzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakopa chidwi - kuphatikiza zochitika. Olembawo amakhulupirira kuti zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa kuti amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi.

4.1. Mafotokozedwe Owonetsa

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti magulu akuluakulu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amaonetsa zithunzi zolaula ngati zosasangalatsa kuposa gulu logwiritsa ntchito. Olembawo akuganiza kuti izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha "zithunzi zosavuta" za zithunzi zolaula zomwe zili mu deta ya IAPS zomwe sizinapereke chikhalidwe chokakamiza chimene angachifune,s tawonetsedwa ndi Harper ndi Hodgins [58] kuti kawirikawiri amawonera zolaula, anthu ambiri amakula mofulumira kuti ayang'ane zinthu zowonjezereka kuti akhalebe ndi chikhalidwe chofanana chakumangirira thupi. Gawo loti "zokondweretsa" limagwirizana ndi magulu atatuwa kuti likhale lofanana ndi gulu logwiritsira ntchito zithunzizo ngati zosavuta kwenikweni kuposa ma gulu ena.

Izi zikhoza kukhalanso chifukwa cha zithunzi zabwino "zosangalatsa" zoperekedwa osati zosangalatsa zokwanira kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kafukufuku akhala akuwonetsa kusokonezeka kwa thupi pakukonzekera chilakolako chokhutira chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amafufuza zolaula [3,7,8]. Ndizogwirizana ndi olemba kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kuwerengera zotsatira zomwe zachitika.

4.3. Yoyamba Reflex Kulingalira (SRM)

Wachibale wapamwamba amplitude startle effect akuwonetsedwa m'magulu otsika ndi osakaniza akugwiritsidwa ntchito magulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi omwe ali mu gulu mwachindunji kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chifukwa angawone kuti ndi zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake zowonjezera, zotsatira zomwe zatulukanso zingakhale chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi, zomwe anthu m'magulu awa amawonera zolaula kuposa momwe adanenera - mwina chifukwa cha manyazi pakati pa ena, monga momwe zizoloŵezi zimasonyezera kuwonjezera mayendedwe a maso osokoneza maganizo [41,42].

CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Kufufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa mawu ogonana pa gulu la anthu ogonana okhaokha (2017) - Kafukufukuyu akubwereza zomwe apeza phunziro la University of 2014 Cambridge zomwe zimafanizira chidwi cha zolaula chomwe chimapangitsa kuti azisamalidwa bwino. Izi ndi zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adalumikiza "zaka zakugonana" ndi 1) kuchuluka kwa anthu ogonana komanso 2) zotsatira zakukondera. Mwa iwo omwe amadziona kuti ndi achiwerewere, zochepa zaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinali zokhudzana ndi wamkulu tsankho. Zochuluka kwambiri pakukakamizidwa kuchita zachiwerewere + zaka zochepa zogonana nazo = zizindikiro zazikulu zowonjezera (kusamala kwakukulu, kapena kusokoneza). Koma kukondera kosamalitsa kumatsika kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mokakamizidwa, ndikuzimiririka pazaka zapamwamba kwambiri pazakugonana.

Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa kuti zaka zambiri "zogonana mokakamiza" zimabweretsa chizolowezi chachikulu kapena kufooka kwachisangalalo poyankha (kukhumudwitsa). Chidule cha gawo lomaliza:

"Kulongosola komwe kungachitike pazotsatira izi ndikuti pamene munthu yemwe akukakamiza kugonana agwiritse ntchito njira yokakamiza kwambiri, template yokondweretsa yomwe ikugwirizana imayamba [36-38] ndikuti pakapita nthawi, machitidwe owonjezereka amafunikira kuti gawo lomwelo likwaniritsidwe. Amanenanso kuti munthu akamachita zinthu mokakamiza kwambiri, ma neuropathways amakakamizidwa kukhala ndizolimbikitsa kapena zithunzi zokhazika mtima ndipo anthu amatembenukira ku zoyeserera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yowonetsa kuti amuna 'abwinobwino' amakhala ndi zokondweretsa pakapita nthawi ndipo izi zimadziwika ndi mayankho achilendo komanso kusangalatsa [39].

Izi zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere akhala 'opanda pake' kapena osayanjananso ndi mawu 'okhudzana' ogonana omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli ndipo kuwonetsa kumeneku kumachepetsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamizidwa kowonjezereka komanso osadziŵa zambiri adawonetsabe zosokoneza chifukwa zoyeserera zimawonetsa kuzindikira kolimbikitsidwa. "

PHUNZIRO ACHIWIRI: Kuphunzira kwabwino kwa otsogolera pa Intaneti: Kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, zovuta, komanso zofunikira kwa odwala (2000) - Zolemba:

Anthu ena omwe anafunsidwa anafotokoza zachangu za vuto lachiwerewere lomwe linalipo kale, pamene ena analibe mbiri yakugonana koma adayamba kuchita zinthu mofulumira kwambiri atagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kwa pa Intaneti. Zotsatira zoipa zimaphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo ndi mavuto ena amtima, kudzipatula, kuwonongera kugonana kwawo ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo, kuvulazidwa kwaukwati wawo kapena chiyanjano chawo, kuwonetsa ana kuwonetsa zolaula kapena kugonana, kutaya ntchito kapena kuchepa kwa ntchito, zotsatira zina zachuma , ndipo nthawi zina, zotsatira zalamulo.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo:

Mwamuna wina wa zaka 30 yemwe anali ndi mbiri yakale ya "zolaula, maliseche, ndi kugonana kambirimbiri," analemba za mbiri yake yokhudza kugonana pa Intaneti: M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, zolaula zomwe ndakhala ndikuziona, sindizowonongeka kwambiri zolaula zina zomwe ndimakonda kuzipeza. Tsopano ndikuyang'anitsitsa ndi zina (kugonana kwa abambo, amayi akucheka, etc.) Zambiri zolaula pa Net yachita izi. Ndi zophweka kuti tisike pazinthu zina kuchokera ku chidwi pakati pa pakhomo panu, ndipo pamene mukuziwona mochulukirapo, simukudziwitsidwa kwambiri. Ndinkakonda kukhala ndi zithunzi zolaula zosonyeza kukongola kwa mawonekedwe a akazi. Tsopano ndilowerera momveka bwino.

PHUNZIRO ACHINYAMATA AMODZI: Kukakamiza kugonana ndi mafilimu opatsirana pogonana (SEM): Kuyerekezera Zitsanzo za Kugonana kwa SEM ndi Kugonana Kukhudzana ndi Kukwanitsa Kugonana ndi Kugonana (2017). Phunziroli ophunzira adafunsidwa za kugonana kwawo komwe kumakhudzana ndi maonekedwe a zolaula za 27. Chifukwa chomwe ofufuzira anasankha mitundu iyi ya 27 imadziwika kwa iwo okha. Momwe iwo anatsimikizira kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe inali "yachilendo" yomwe inali "yosakhala yachilendo" imakhalanso yodabwitsa, popatsidwa gulu lawo looneka ngati losasintha. (Onani mitundu yakufufuza yamagulu ochita kafukufuku.)

Ziribe kanthu, kafukufukuyu akutsutsa zonena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala mitundu yochepa chabe. Ngakhale sizifunsa mwachindunji zakukula kwakanthawi, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti maphunziro omwe adawagawa ngati owonera zolaula "monga ambiri" monga mitundu yambiri ya zolaula. Zolemba zochepa zofunikira:

Zofukufukuzo zikusonyeza kuti mu magulu osagwirizana ndi magulu a zolaula, Zochitika za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zingakhale zosakonzedweratu ndipo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zinkangoganiziridwa kale.

Makamaka amuna omwe sagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso akazi omwe sali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe amadziwika ndi magulu akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zochitika zapadera zomwe sizinachitike, zotsatirazi zimasonyeza kuti ziwalo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SEM m'malo osatengera ma laboratory zingakhale zogwirizana, ndi gulu lochepa kwambiri kuposa kale lomwe limaganiziridwa kale. Izi zimathandiza kuti SEM ikhale yowonjezereka komanso ikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe sali ovomerezeka a gulu la SEM amakhalanso ndi mitu yowonjezera ("vanilla").

Kafukufukuyu akunena kuti omwe amatchedwa "owonera zolaula" amakopeka ndi zolaula zamtundu uliwonse, kaya ndizotchedwa "wamba" (Bukkake, Orgy, Fist-fucking) kapena otchedwa "osadziwika" ( Sadomasochism, Latex). Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula. (Chitsanzo cha zonena zopanda maziko zakukonda "okhazikika" ndi buku la Ogas ndi Gaddam lotsutsidwa kwambiri Maganizo Oipa Ambiri Biliyoni.)

PHUNZIRO AWIRI AWIRI: Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kutsimikizirika kwa Bergen-Yale Kugonjetsa Kugonana Kwachidule Ndi Mkulu Waukulu wa Zitsanzo (2018). Pepala ili linayesa ndikuyesa mafunso okhudzana ndi "chiwerewere" chomwe chimayesedwa pambuyo pamafunso okhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Monga momwe alembawo amafotokozera, mafunsofunsidwe am'mbuyomu sanachotse zinthu zazikuluzikulu izi:

Maphunziro ambiri ambuyomu adadalira zitsanzo zazing'ono zachipatala. Phunziroli likupereka njira yatsopano yowunika kugonana - Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) -yizikidwe pazinthu zowonongeka (ie, ulesi / chilakolako, kusintha kwa maganizo, kulekerera, kuchotsa, nkhondo, mavuto, ndi kubwerera / kutayika ya ulamuliro).

Olembawo akufutukula pazigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimayambitsidwa, kuphatikizapo kulekerera ndi kuchotsa.

Bungwe la BYSAS linapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimayesedwa Brown (1993), Griffiths (2005)ndipo Association of Psychiatric Association (2013) kuphatikiza kugona, kusintha masinthidwe, kulolerana, zizindikiro zochotsa, mikangano ndi kubwereranso / kuwonongeka kwa ulamuliro…. Pankhani yakugonana, izi zingakhale: kulimba / kukhumba-Kudandaula ndi kugonana kapena kugonana, kusinthika kwa maganizo-Kugonana kwakukulu kumachititsa kusintha kwa maganizo, kulolerana-Kuchuluka kwa kugonana pa nthawi, achire-zosangalatsa zamaganizo / zakuthupi pamene sanagonane, mikanganoMavuto osiyana-siyana chifukwa cha kugonana, kubwereranso- kubwerera kumbuyo zakale pambuyo pa nthawi ndi kudziletsa / kulamulira, ndi mavuto-Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso umoyo wabwino chifukwa chokhala ndi chizolowezi chogonana.

Zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi "chiwerewere" zomwe zimawonedwa mu nkhanizo zinali kusweka mtima / kukhumba komanso kulolerana, koma mbali zina, kuphatikiza kusiya, zikuwonekeranso pang'ono:

Chisomo / chilakolako ndi kulekerera zinali zovomerezeka mobwerezabwereza mu gulu lapamwamba kuposa zinthu zina, ndipo zinthu izi zinali ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri. Izi zimawoneka zomveka ngati izi zimasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa (mwachitsanzo, funso lokhudza kupsinjika maganizo: anthu amalephera kukwiya kwambiri, ndiye akukonzekera kudzipha). Izi zingawonetsenso kusiyana pakati pa chizoloŵezi ndi kuledzeretsa (kawirikawiri kumawonetsedwa pamasewero a masewera a masewera) -momwe zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso cholimba, chilakolako, kulekerera, ndi kusinthika kwa maganizo zimatsatiridwa kuti ziwonetsere kugwirizana, pamene zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito kugwidwa, kubwereranso ndi kukangana kwambiri kuledzera. Kufotokozeranso kwina kungakhale kuti kulimba, kukhumba, ndi kulekerera kungakhale kofunika kwambiri komanso kolemekezeka mu zizolowezi zamakhalidwe kusiyana ndi kuchotsa ndi kubwerera.

Kafukufukuyu, pamodzi ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 yemwe adapanga ndi kutsimikizira "Zovuta Kuonera Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito, ”Limakana zomwe anthu amakonda kunena kuti okonda zolaula komanso zachiwerewere sizikhala ndi kulekerera kapena kusiya kudziletsa.

PHUNZIRO ACHITATU ZITATU: Kuwonetsera kuzinthu zakugonana zogonana paunyamata ndi kukhumudwitsa zogonana (2018) - Kafukufuku wosadziwika wa nthawi yayitali pomwe kuwonera zolaula kunayambitsa kukhumudwa kapena chizolowezi. Zolemba:

Zimadziwika bwino kuti achinyamata amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pogonana, mwachitsanzo poonera zida zolaula, zomwe zimawonjezera zaka. Kufufuza koyambirira kumasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa zidziwitso ndi khalidwe labwino pa dzanja limodzi ndikuwonera zida zolaula pa intaneti. Phunziroli likufuna kufufuza zida zolaula pa intaneti komanso zomwe zingathe kuwonetsa kugonana pa Intaneti pa nthawi. Kupanga kwamaphunziro kunali kotenga nthawi; Zambiri zinasonkhanitsidwa m'mafunde a 3 pakadutsa miyezi 6 kuyambira 2012. Zitsanzozo zidaphatikizapo omwe adayankha 1134 (atsikana, 58.8%; azaka zapakati, 13.84 ± 1.94 zaka) kuchokera m'masukulu 55. Mtundu wokulira wa multivariate udagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula deta.

Zotsatirazo zasonyeza kuti omwe anafunsidwawo adasintha malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti pa nthawiyo malingana ndi msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero ndikudziwidwa ngati mwadzidzidzi. Iwo adasokonezeka chifukwa chokhala osokonezeka kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zingasonyeze kuimika kwa zolaula pa intaneti paunyamata.

PHUNZIRO MAWIRI ACHINYAMATA: Zojambula zojambula zolaula monga chikhalidwe chofunikira cha amuna kufunafuna chithandizo chamakhalidwe achiwerewere: Kuyenerera ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku a 10 yowerengera (2018) - Kafukufukuyu adachita zokambirana ndi amuna asanu ndi anayi omwe amafunafuna chithandizo azaka za 22-37, omwe adatsatiridwa ndifunso lazofunsidwa ndikuwunika masabata a 10. Chotsatira chotsatira chikufotokozera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito:

Odwala onse amavutika ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana / khalidwe ndi kuvomereza kuti khalidwe lawo la kugonana linayambitsa ntchito yofunikira ya moyo. Odwala onse anazindikira kuti pang'onopang'ono vutoli likupita patsogolo ndipo amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito zizolowezi zogonana (makamaka kuona zithunzi zolaula limodzi ndi maliseche) kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi moyo. Odwala aliyense anafotokoza zambiri pofuna kuyesa kapena kuthetsa CSB. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zake zinali zosauka komanso zazing'ono, koma ena adafotokoza nthawi yambiri yosiya kugonana (miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka cha 1) kenako amatsitsimutsanso.

PHUNZIRO MAWIRI ACHISANU: Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Ndi Amuna Amodzi Akugonana ndi Zolaula (2012) - Imakambirana kulolerana komanso kudzipereka

Mofananamo, kulekerera kungakhalenso ndi zolaula. Pambuyo pa kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yaitali, mayankho okondweretsa zolaula amachepetsa; zomwe zimasokonezedwa ndi zolaula zimatha ndipo zimatha kutaya nthawi yaitali (Zillman, 1989). Choncho, zomwe poyamba zinayambitsa yankho lachisangalalo sikuti zimapangitsa kuti azisangalala ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, chimene chinamuukitsa munthu poyamba sichikhoza kuwadzutsa m'kupita kwa nthawi kwa chizoloŵezi chawo. Chifukwa chakuti sakhutira kapena amakhumudwa kale, anthu omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri amafufuza mitundu yambiri yolaula kuti apeze zotsatira zofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi choonera zolaula chingayambe ndi zithunzi zosaoneka zolaula koma zowonongeka ndipo zingapite patsogolo kumasewera olimbikitsa kugonana. Pamene kukangana kumachepetsa ndi ntchito iliyonse, munthu wosokonezeka akhoza kupita ku mitundu yowonjezereka ya zithunzi zogonana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Pamene chiukitsiro chimachepetsanso, chithunzicho chikupitirizabe kuphatikizapo zithunzi zozizwitsa, zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zillman (1989) akunena kuti zolaula zowonjezereka zimatha kukonda zolaula zomwe ziri ndi mitundu yocheperako yokhudzana ndi kugonana (mwachitsanzo, chiwawa), ndipo ingasinthe malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana. Ngakhale kuti chitsanzo ichi chimaimira zomwe munthu angayembekezere kuziwona ndi chizoloŵezi choononga zolaula, sikuti onse ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amatha kuledzera.

Zizindikiro zolepheretsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zingaphatikizepo kupsinjika maganizo, kukwiya, nkhawa, kuganiza mozama, komanso kukhumba kwambiri zolaula. Chifukwa cha zizindikirozi, nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kwa wina aliyense komanso ubwenzi wakewo.

PHUNZIRO MASIKU ACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Zotsatira za Zolaula Gwiritsani ntchito (2017) - Kafukufukuyu adafunsa ngati ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amakhala ndi nkhawa atalephera kulowa zolaula pa intaneti (chizindikiro chochotsera): 24% adakumana ndi nkhawa. Gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa omwe anali nawo anali atakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa chogonana kwawo. Zolemba:

Cholinga cha phunziro lino ndi kupeza kufanana kwa sayansi ndi kulingalira kwa mtundu wa chakudya cha anthu a ku Spain, nthawi yomwe amagwiritsira ntchito mowa, kusokoneza komwe kumakhudza munthu ndi momwe nkhawa imakhudzidwira ngati sikutheka kupeza kwa izo. Phunziroli liri ndi chitsanzo cha ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ku Spain (N = 2.408). Kafukufuku wina wa 8 wapangidwa kudzera pa nsanja ya pa Intaneti yomwe imapereka uphungu komanso uphungu pa zotsatira za zolaula. Pofuna kufalitsa uthenga pakati pa anthu a ku Spain, kufufuza kumeneku kunalimbikitsidwa kudzera pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi ma TV.

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti munthu mmodzi pa atatu alionse adakumana ndi zotsatira zolakwika m'banja, m'magulu, ku maphunziro kapena kuntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, 33% anathera maola oposa 5 okhudzana ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula monga mphotho ndipo 24% anali ndi zizindikiro zodetsa nkhaŵa ngati sakanakhoza kulumikizana.

PHUNZIRO MAWIRI ACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Ndiye nchifukwa ninji mudachichita ?: Ndemanga zoperekedwa ndi Child Pornography Offenders (2013) - Kuchokera pagawo la "Kufotokozera komwe kumaperekedwa kwa CP Okukhumudwitsa" - kuwonetsedwa kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwononga zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wolakwayo agwiritse ntchito zolaula za ana (CP):

Kupita patsogolo kuchokera kuzinthu zalamulo. Kwa anthu asanu ndi anayi, chiwerengero chawo cha CP chidawoneka ngati chotsatira cha kuwonetsa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuthetsa zolaula. Ena mwa ophunzirawa anapereka mayankho omveka bwino a ulendo wawo:

"Kukula pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pazinthu wamba zabwinobwino mpaka kuzinthu zochuluka kwambiri (ndikuyamba kuchita zinthu zachinyengo) nditapeza intaneti, kuti ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndikakumana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta. Kutsatiridwa ndikuwona amayi achichepere ndi achichepere, asungwana ndi khumi ndi awiri, mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsera ana [sic] ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndi wamkulu komanso nkhani ina yankhanza. (Nkhani 5164) ”

Apanso, mayankho ena adalumikizana momveka bwino ndi chidwi chakugonana kwa ana, kutengera kuwonekera kwa zomwe…. Ponseponse, mutuwu udagawana zofanana ndi mutu wam'mbuyomu mu CP, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lokhutiritsa zogonana, umakhala ngati ungathe kuchepetsa nkhawa. Komabe, kwa olakwira a gulu lodziwikiratu, CP idalankhulidwa kudzera pakupita patsogolo mitundu ina yolaula, yomwe ingagwiritsidwebe ntchito.

PHUNZIRO MAWIRI ACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Mmene Zithunzi Zolaula Zikuonekera pa Achinyamata a Sukulu ya Junior High School a Pontianak ku 2008 (2009) - Zolaula za ku Malaysia zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira kwa ophunzira apamwamba. Wapadera chifukwa ichi ndi kafukufuku yekhayo wofotokozera kuchuluka kwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri, kukhudzika mtima (kulolerana), komanso zolaula pakati pa achinyamata. (Ndilo phunziro lokhalo lofunsa achinyamata mafunso awa.) Zolemba:

Onse a 83.3% a achinyamata a sukulu ya sekondale ku Pontianak City adziwonetsa zolaula, komanso poyera kuti anthu oposa 79.5% amawona zolaula. Achinyamata omwe amakumana ndi zolaula monga 19.8% anali pa chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa, [pakati pa omwe adakalipo] achinyamata a 69.2% ali pamsinkhu wopita patsogolo, [pakati pa iwo omwe anakulirakulira] 61.1% ali pa nthawi yovuta, ndipo [ pakati pawo amene anafotokoza kuti akusowa ntchito] 31.8% anali pa siteji ya kuchita.

Zithunzi zolaula zingakhudze achinyamata kuti azikhala ndi khalidwe, mosamala kapena mosadziŵa, asintha malingaliro komanso khalidwe la moyo wachinyamata tsiku ndi tsiku makamaka pa nkhani zogonana. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikusonyeza kuti ambiri 52 (19.78%) a ophunzira a sukulu ya sekondale ku Pontianak City adakumana ndi zotsatira zowonerera zolaula ali pa chizoloŵezi choyamba.

Kusintha kwotsatira m'malingaliro kapena khalidwe ndikulumpha. Zotsatira zinawonetsa anthu a 36 (69.2%) a achinyamata a 52 omwe akulowerera pazomwe akukula. Pambuyo ponse panthawiyi akuwonetsa zolaula, achinyamata omwe ali ndi chikhomodzinso adzawonjezeka kufunikira kwa kugonana komwe kuli kolemetsa, kosavuta, kochititsa chidwi komanso kosokonezeka kuposa momwe anagwiritsidwira kale. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kufunikira sikukukhudzana ndi kuchuluka koma makamaka khalidwe limene likuwonekera momveka bwino, ndiye lidzakhutira kwambiri. Ngati asanakwanitse kukhuta chithunzi cha mkazi wamaliseche, ndiye mukufuna kuona filimu yomwe ili ndi zochitika zogonana.

Akadzazaza, amafuna kuona kuti zochitika zogonana zimasiyana ndi zina zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsya komanso zopotoka kusiyana ndi zomwe adaziwona. Komanso malinga ndi kafukufukuyu Zillman & Bryant (1982, ku Thornburgh & Herbert, 2002) yomwe imati munthu akawonetsedwa zolaula nthawi zambiri, ziwonetseranso kuti malingaliro olakwika pazakugonana nawonso amafunikanso kuwonjezeka kwa zolaula Mitundu yolimba komanso yolakwika.

Gawo lotsatira zofuna zachinyengo zakhala zikukumana ndi achinyamata a 22 (61.11%) achinyamata ochokera ku 36 anthu omwe akukumana ndi masitepe. Panthawiyi, zinthu zogonana zomwe zinali zonyansa, ulemu wonyansa komanso wonyozetsa, pang'onopang'ono zimawoneka ngati chinthu chokhazikika chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti nthawi yayitali imakhala yosasamala.

Zotsatira za phunziroli zimapezekanso kuchokera kwa anthu a 22 mu malo osokoneza chidziwitso alipo ambiri omwe anthu 7 (31.8%) ali mu siteji yogwiritsira ntchito. Panthawi imeneyi pali chizoloŵezi chochita chiwerewere monga zolaula wakhala akuyang'ana moyo weniweni

KUPHUNZITSA ZINTHU ZIWIRI: Kusamalidwa ndi zolaula za pa intaneti (2008) - Mapepala ambiri, omwe ali ndi matenda anayi, olembedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo omwe adadziŵa zotsatira zolakwika zolaula pa intaneti zikukhudza odwala ena aamuna. Mndandanda wa m'munsiwu umalongosola mwamuna wachikulire wa 31 yemwe adayamba kuchita zolaula kwambiri ndikuyamba kugonana ndi zolaula. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mapepala oyang'anitsitsa oyang'anitsitsa anzawo kuti azisonyeza ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimatsogolera ku kulekerera, kukwera, komanso kugonana.

Mnyamata wina wazaka 31 mu matenda a maganizo okhudzana ndi mavuto ovutika maganizo adanena kuti anali akuvutika kuti agonane ndi mwamuna wake wokondedwa. Pambuyo pokambirana zambiri za mkaziyo, ubale wawo, kuthekera mikangano yosayenerera kapena kusokonezeka maganizo (popanda kufika pamapeto okhutiritsa), adafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kuti akudalira pazinthu zinazake zodzikweza. Anakhumudwa kwambiri, adalongosola "zochitika" za chikhalidwe chophatikizapo amuna ndi akazi angapo omwe adapeza pa malo oonera zolaula a pa Intaneti omwe adamukonda kwambiri ndipo amamukonda kwambiri. Pakati pa magawo angapo, adafotokoza za kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ntchito yomwe adachita pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pakati pa 20s.

Zambiri zokhudza momwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake panthawiyi zikuphatikizapo kufotokozera momveka bwino kuti akudalira kwambiri ndikuwonanso zithunzi zolaula kuti athetse chiwerewere. Ananenanso za kukula kwa "kulekerera" ku zotsatira zowonongeka kwa zinthu zina pambuyo pa nthawi, zomwe zinatsatiridwa ndi kufufuza zinthu zatsopano zomwe angakwanitse kukwaniritsa, chilakolako chofuna kugonana.

Pamene tinayang'ana momwe ankawonera zolaula, zinaonekeratu kuti mavuto omwe ali nawo ndi wokondedwa wake akugwirizana ndi zolaula, pamene "kulolera" kwake ku zotsatira zochititsa chidwi zinachitika ngati ayi kapena ayi pa nthawiyo kapena kungogwiritsa ntchito zolaula podetsa maliseche. Nkhaŵa zake zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinachititsa kuti azidalira kuona zolaula. Osadziŵa kuti ntchitoyo inakhala yovuta, iye adamasulira chidwi chake chogonana ndi mnzanu kuti asamamuyenere, ndipo analibe ubale woposa miyezi iwiri mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, akutsutsana naye kwa wina momwe angasinthe mawebusaiti.

Ananenanso kuti tsopano akhoza kudzutsidwa ndi zolaula zomwe poyamba sanafune kugwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, adati zaka zisanu zapitazo sanali ndi chidwi chowona zithunzi za kugonana koma tsopano anapeza zinthu zoterezi. Mofananamo, zinthu zomwe adalongosola monga "edgier," zomwe adatanthawuza kuti "zachiwawa kapena zolimbikitsana," ndizo zina zomwe zinkamupangitsa kugonana naye, pomwe zinthu zomwezo zinalibe chidwi ndipo zinkakhala zovuta. Ndi zina mwa nkhani zatsopanozi, iye adadzidetsa nkhaŵa komanso wosasangalatsa ngakhale momwe akadadzuka.

PHUNZIRO CHACHITATU: Kufufuza momwe zida zogonana zimafotokozera zikhulupiliro za kugonana, kumvetsetsa ndi zochita za anyamata: kufufuza kwabwino (2018) - Kafukufuku wocheperako wamwamuna wazaka za 18-25 amatanthauza kuti adziwe momwe amawonera zolaula. Zoyipa zingapo zomwe zanenedwa, kuphatikizapo nkhawa zakulekerera komanso kukula. Chidule:

Kuonjezera apo, ophunzira adalankhula za kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa SEM zomwe zili pa intaneti. SEM ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati mphamvu yowonjezera pakupanga zofuna zowonongeka kwambiri za kugonana.

"Chifukwa cha zolaula zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, makanemawa akuchulukirachulukira komanso odabwitsa kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna zawo kuti ziwoneke zosangalatsa". - Jay

"Mwina zandipangitsa kuti ndikhale wolimba mtima. Zimanditengera zambiri kuti mundidabwitse tsopano, Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe ndawona sizikundikhuza monga kale ”- Tom

PHUNZIRO WODZIMODZI MMODZI: Zizolowezi zolimbana ndi makanema ndizochitika zambiri zofanana ndi izi: Maonekedwe a maukonde (2018) - Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuchuluka pakati pa mitundu ya 4 yaukadaulo waukadaulo: intaneti, foni yam'manja, masewera, cybersex. Tapeza kuti chilichonse ndichizolowezi chosokoneza bongo, komabe 4 zonse zimakhudzana ndi zizindikiritso zakudzipatula - kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Zolemba:

Poyesa kuganiza kwa magulu osiyanasiyana komanso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi zoyendetsera zamakinale, wolemba woyamba ndi wotsiriza analumikiza chinthu chilichonse ndi zizindikiro izi: "Kugwiritsa ntchito, kusinthasintha, kusokonezeka, kutaya, ndi zotsatira zamakono zamakono-njira zamakono zoledzera zinafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zochokera kwa Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto a Mitsempha (5th ed.) Ndi njira yowonongeka: Internet, smartphone, maseŵera, ndi pa Intaneti.

Pakati pa-nthawi zam'mbali nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsa zizindikiro zomwezo kudzera mu zizoloŵezi za intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti achire Zizindikiro zinali zogwirizana ndi achire zizindikiro za zovuta zina zonse (kusewera pamaseŵera, mafilimu osokoneza bongo, ndi kuwononga kwa pa Intaneti) komanso zoipa zotsatira Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika kunagwirizananso ndi zovuta zotsatira za zina zonse.

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Zofuna Zogonana Za Ana Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zogonana (CSEM) Ogulitsa: Zitsanzo Zinayi Zovuta Kwambiri (2018) - Kafukufuku adafufuza kusinthaku kwakanthawi kwa zochitika za ogula zolaula zaana, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatengedwa pamayendedwe ovuta a 40 omwe adatsutsika. Anazindikira kuti njira yotchuka kwambiri inali dzitha mu msinkhu za munthu amene akuwonetsedwa ndi kuuka kwa anthu opambanitsa za kugonana. Ofufuzawa akukambirana chizoloŵezi ndi kukula, komanso mabuku omwe akusonyeza kuti osonkhanitsa zolaula afika pochita zachiwerewere zowononga kwambiri kusiyana ndi olakwira. Zowonjezera:

37.5% ya zokololazo zinawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu ponena za zaka zonse komanso COPINE [zovuta]. Ana omwe adawonetsedwera anakhala achinyamata, ndipo zochitikazo zinakhala zovuta kwambiri.

... Tisaiwale kuti zokolola za ana zolaula zili ndi zolaula zambiri.

Cholinga chachikulu cha phunziroli chinali kusanthula kusunthika kwa magulu azolaula a ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi mlandu wokhudza zolaula za ana. Potengera zotsatira, tikupereka malingaliro anayi amtundu wa, komanso kusiyanasiyana, zosonkhanitsa zolaula za ana.

… Chizoloŵezi chodziwika kwambiri chinali kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa munthu yemwe akuwonetsedwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakukula kwakugonana. …

Kumasulira koyamba ndikuti zosonkhetsa zolaula za ana ndizisonyezero zakugonana kwa amene amatenga (Seto, 2013). Kumasulira kumeneku kukutanthauza kuti wokhometsa ndalama azingoyang'ana pa zomwe zikumukweza iye….

Kufotokozera kwachiwiri komwe kumakhudzanso malongosoledwe azakugonana ndikuti osonkhanitsa amakhala ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi zomwe 1, 2, ndi 3 ya kafukufuku wapano. Anthu ena anena kuti chizolowezi choonera zolaula chimayamba kusungulumwa, zomwe zimalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti apeze zatsopano zomwe ndi zowopsa kwambiri (Reifler et al., 1971; Roy, 2004; Seto, 2013; Taylor & Quayle, 2003). Malinga ndi Laws ndi Marshall (1990),

malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana kale (zolimbikitsa, CS1) kuphatikiza maliseche (zosakakamiza, UCS) zitha kubweretsa chilakolako chokwanira chogonana kuphatikiza. Kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kopeka koyambirira (CS2) m'malo mwa koyambirira (mwina kupewa kunyong'onyeka) ndikuphatikizidwa ndi maliseche, kumatha kuyankhanso chimodzimodzi. (tsamba 212)

Chifukwa chake, kuti asunge madigirii azisangalalo zogonana, okhonza zolaula za ana amatha kuthamangitsidwa kuti akafufuze mibadwo ina ndi zochitika zogonana. Njira zodziwikirazi mwina zimangokhala zoyeserera komanso zolakwika momwe amawonetsera momwe zinthu zatsopano zikugwirizanira ndi zomwe akusintha pakugonana.

… Pochita maliseche, osonkhanitsa CSEM amakhala ndi mwayi wofufuza mitundu ingapo yazakugonana kuposa olakwira omwe ali pa intaneti, omwe amalephera kupezeka ndi omwe akuzunzidwa. Zotsatira zake, atha kukhala olimbikitsidwa kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano zosaloledwa kuti akwaniritse malingaliro awo akugonana. Izi zikugwirizana ndi Babchishin et al.'s (2015) meta-analysis, yomwe ikuwulula kuti olakwira pa intaneti amakhala ndi zofuna zogonana zochulukirapo kuposa omwe amakhala osavomerezeka pa intaneti.

PHUNZIRO CHITATU CHITATU: Kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (Sexual Expression) (Sexual Expression) Sexual Expression Stimuli (2018) - Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kunakhudza zotsatira za ntchito yoyesera, kuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kunapangitsa kuti zizolowezi zolaula. Zowonjezera zofunikira:

Zambiri pa zolaula zowonongeka zinayambitsidwa monga covariate mu kusanthula zomwe zimangokhalapo chidwi ntchito chifukwa ntchitoyo ikhoza kuyesedwa ndi chizoloŵezi chokhudzana ndi kugonana.

Zakafukufuku zatsimikizira kuti zithunzi zolaula zimangotengedwa mwachidule. Komabe, zotsatirazi zinkakonzedwa ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi Kugonana Kwadakali Kochedwa, zotsatira zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza m'mabuku ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti anthu akupereka mayankho nthawi yomweyo pamene akugonjetsedwa ndi chiwerewere-motero amasonyeza chidwi chokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana-poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zosokoneza. Komabe, kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula monga covariate kunachepetsa zotsatira za zithunzi zolaula (pamtanda wosaneneka), motero kufotokozera kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kowonongeka.

PHUNZIRO LACHITATU: Zithunzi Zolaula Zinayambitsa Kulephera kwa Erectile pakati pa Achinyamata (2019) - Phunzirani pa amuna omwe amachititsa kuti erectile iwonongeke (PIED) imasonyeza kulekerera (kuchepa kudzuka) ndi kuchulukirapo (kusowa zofunikira kwambiri kuti zidzutse) muzochitika zonse. Kuchokera kuzinthu zowoneka:

Pepala ili likufufuza zochitika za zolaula zinapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke (PIED), kutanthauza mavuto azovuta zogonana mwa amuna chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Zambiri zamphamvu kuchokera kwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto ili asonkhanitsidwa…. akunena kuti kuyambitsa zolaula (nthawi zambiri ali wachinyamata) ndi amatsatiridwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kufika pofika pamene zinthu zowonjezereka (kuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zachiwawa) zimafunikira kuti zisunge. Gawo lovuta kwambiri likufika pamene chilakolako chogonana chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula zoopsa komanso zofulumira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti munthu azigonana komanso kusasangalatsa. Izi zimachititsa kuti sitingathe kukhala ndi erection ndi wokondedwa weniweni, Nthawi yomwe amunawo amayambitsa ndondomeko ya "re-boot", kusiya zolaula. Izi zathandiza ena mwa amuna kuti ayambirenso kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga erection.

Chiyambi cha zotsatira zotsatira:

Popeza ndasanthula deta, ndawona mapepala ena ndi mitu yowonongeka, motsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi mu zokambirana. Izi ndi: Introduction. Mmodzi amayamba kufotokozera zolaula, nthawi zambiri asanakwatire. Kumanga chizoloŵezi. Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse. Kuchuluka. Mmodzi amatembenukira ku mitundu "yoopsa" ya zolaula, zokhutiritsa, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo zomwe zidakwaniritsidwira kudzera mu zovuta zolaula.Kuzindikira. Wina amadziwa mavuto a kugonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayambitsidwa ndi zolaula. Ndondomeko ya "Re-boot". Mmodzi amayesa kulamulira zolaula ntchito kapena kuzichotsa kwathunthu kuti abwererenso kugonana. Deta kuchokera ku zoyankhulanayi ikufotokozedwa motsatira ndondomeko yapamwambayi.

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI (osati zowonongeka): Lipoti la HAMster pa Zogonana Zogonana, Gawo 1: Kugonana (2019)  - Kafukufuku wodabwitsa wopezeka pa tsamba lachiwerewere Xhamster akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito ena kukhulupirira kuti akhoza kukhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ngakhale kuti izi sizolondola pankhani zandale, YBOP yalemba zochitika zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe amadzikhulupirira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komabe sanakhulupirire izi patapita nthawi yayitali atasiya zolaula. Masambawa ali ndi zitsanzo zambiri zakuchotsa zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asinthe zomwe amakonda:

• Ndine wolunjika, koma ndimakopeka ndi zolaula kapena zolaula (kapena kugonana komweko kumakopeka ndi zolaula). Kwagwanji?
• Kodi zithunzi zolaula zandichititsa?
• Kodi Mungakhulupirire Johnson Wanu? (2011)

Zithunzi zochokera ku Xhamster (yomwe ili ndi grafu angapo):

Kodi kuona zithunzi zolaula kumakupangitsani kugonana? Ayi, koma zingakupangitseni kuti mukhale otero.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno, xHamster anayambitsa phunziro lapamtima lachitukuko - Lipoti la xHamster la Digital Sexuality - kulemba deta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zaka, amuna, chiwerewere, maubwenzi, maganizo, ndale ndi zina, kuyesa kumvetsetsa yemwe akuyang'ana bwanji. Ogwiritsa ntchito a 11,000 anamaliza kufufuza.

Pamene tikuyamba kupanga deta, nambala imodzi idatuluka mwa ife mwamsanga. Pa 22.3% mwa alendo onse a US aHamster amadziona kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. 67% yokha amadziona okha kuti ndi "olunjika".

Poyamba, timaganiza kuti pali china chake cholakwika ndi manambala, kapena kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu. Koma pamene tidakumba mozama, tidawona kufanana ndi mayankho awo - kuchokera paubwenzi, momwe amaonera zolaula, komwe amakhala - zomwe zimathandizira manambala …….

Kotero ife tinkadabwa, kodi pali chinachake chowonera zolaula zomwe zimatsegula ogwiritsa ntchito ku lingaliro la kugonana kwamtundu wambiri. Yankho liri ^ izo zikhoza.

Tinafanizira mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawonera zolaula kamodzi pa sabata, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawawonera maulendo angapo patsiku. Mafilimu omwe amawonera kangapo patsiku anali kawiri kawiri kuti muzindikire ngati anthu okonda zachiwerewere monga mafilimu omwe amawonera kamodzi pa sabata (27% vs 13%).

Monga momwe mukuonera, pali kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu amawonera zolaula, komanso kaya ali ndi zibwenzi kapena ayi. (Zikuwoneka kuti sizikukhudzidwa pa chidziwitso chachiwerewere - chomwe chimakhala mumtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.)

Tinkadzifunsanso ngati pali njira ina yomwe mafilimu achiwerewere achikazi - 38% mwa omwe taphunzira kwathu amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - kungakhale mwanjira inayake yosokoneza deta. Kotero ife tinabwereza chiwerengerocho ndi amuna okha. Zotsatirazo zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri.

Amuna 10.8% a amuna omwe amawonera zolaula kamodzi pa sabata zodziwika ngati abambo, koma 27.2% ya amuna omwe amawonerera zolaula kangapo patsiku amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. (Pambuyo pa zonse, ngati mukuyang'ana amuna amaliseche tsiku lonse - ngakhale pali mkazi ali pachithunzichi - mwinamwake kukutsegulira maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana kwaumunthu.)

Tsopano, tiyenera kutsindika kuti kulumikizana sikubweretsa. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha onse amafotokoza zolaula pafupipafupi, komanso manyazi omwe amakhala nawo chifukwa chakuwona. (Magulu onse awiriwa sangakhale okwatirana, chifukwa chake atha kukhala ndi ufulu wowonera. Koma - sitinawone kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pakuwonera pafupipafupi, ndi kudziwika kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. ……

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIMODZI: Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Magulu Ogonana Panthawi ya Index Zopseza: Zojambula ndi Zovomerezeka (2019) - Zolemba:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kulingalira ndi kuneneratu za ochita zachiwerewere zolaula panthawi yomwe amalondolera. Ophatikizidwa anali olakwira amuna okwana 146 omwe anamangidwa kundende ya Chipwitikizi. Mafunso omwe anakhazikitsidwa pang'ono komanso Mafunso a Wilson Sex Ndimalingaliro adayendetsedwa.

Kotero, kwa anthu amenewo, zolaula zinali ndi zotsatira zoyenera, zomwe zimawapangitsa iwo kufuna kuyesa makhalidwe awo. Izi ndizofunikira, popeza 45% adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kugonana molimbika komanso 10% zomwe zidaphatikizapo ana kamodzi panthawi ya chiwonetserochi. Zikuwoneka kuti kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi makhalidwe enieni owonetsa zolaula angathandize kuchepetsa zikhumbo zawo zogonana. Sizinali zofufuzira izi kuti muwunike momwe zinthuzo zinali, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa adakambirana pankhaniyi (mwachitsanzo Seto et al., 2001)….

Komabe, pamene kafukufuku wina amafotokoza za "catharsis" udindo wa zolaula monga njira yothandizira (Carter et al., 1987; D'Amato, 2006), tchipewa sichimawoneka ngati chofanana kwa anthu onse, popeza kwa ena sichinali chokwanira ndikuwapangitsa kuti ayese kubwereza zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa akatswiri azachipatala pakagwiritsidwe ntchito njira zochiritsira ana olakwira zolaula za ana, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula ayenera kudziwitsidwa asanakwane. Kumvetsetsa kwabwino kwamphamvu yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula asanachitike kuti munthu azichita zachiwerewere ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa cha ubale wake ndi nkhanza zakugonana (Wright et al., 2016) komanso recidivism yankhanza (Kingston et al., 2008)….

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Zithunzi zolaula: kuyesa zotsatira zoyesera (1971) - Zosintha:

Olembawo anaphunzira zotsatira zowonongeka kwa nkhani zolaula pa anyamata. Zotsatira za 23 zogwiritsa ntchito maminiti a 90 tsiku kwa masabata atatu akuonera mafilimu olaula ndi kuwerenga zolaulas. Zotsatira zam'mbuyomo ndi zotsatila pazinthu izi ndipo gulu lolamulidwa la amuna asanu ndi anayi linaphatikizapo kusintha kwa penile circumference ndi zochitika za asidi phosphatase potengera mafilimu olaula. Tiye akuthandizira chitsimikizo chakuti kuwonetsa mobwerezabwereza zolaula kumachititsa kuchepetsa chidwi mwa icho ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa icho. Kuyesedwa kwamiyeso ndi masikelo osiyanasiyana sizinawonepo zomwe zingakhudze momwe akumvera kapena machitidwe awo kupatula kukhumudwa ndi zolaula, atangophunzira pambuyo pake komanso patatha milungu isanu ndi itatu.

PHUNZITSANI CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Kupeza Lolita: Kuyerekezera Kufananako kwa Chidwi cha Achinyamata-Zowonongeka Zowonongeka (2016) - Zosintha:

Mmene timaonera zolaula zakhala zikusintha pakapita nthawi, monganso zolaula zakuya. Komabe, ngakhale kuti zaka zambiri zafukufuku zokhudzana ndi zolaula, zimadziwika kwambiri za mitundu yeniyeni, njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso makhalidwe omwe akudya zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito zofufuza za Google ndi kufufuza mafano, kafukufukuyu akufufuza chidwi ndi maubwenzi pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolaula zojambula zithunzi. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chidwi chikusiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe, zaka, malo, ndi ndalama.

Chidule:

Monga momwe kafukufuku wathu wamakono pano akungolankhulira ndi zochitika zomwe zaunikiridwa kuchokera ku kusanthula kwathu, maphunziro a m'tsogolomu amayenera kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire zokhudzana ndi maganizo enieni ndi makhalidwe omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito powononga zithunzi zolaula za achinyamata. Zonsezi, zotsatira zikuwonetsa malingaliro onse atatu omwe anathandizidwa. Tapeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zolaula kwa achinyamata, zithunzi zolaula, ndi Hentai zinayambitsa zolaula, zomwe sizosadabwitsa zimapatsa kutchuka kwa ziphuphu pakati komanso zofalitsa zomwe zikupezeka kudzera pa zolaula (Ogas and Gaddam 2011).

Zachidziwikire kuti chidwi cha zolaula chomwe chimalimbikitsa achinyamata chachuluka mzaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo kuwonjezeraku kukuwoneka kuti kukugwirizana ndi zomwe a Gill (2008, 2012) ndi ena amati ndikupitilira '' kugonana kwachikhalidwe ''. Chidwi chokha chofufuza zolaula za Lolita chatsika, mwina chifukwa cha njira yakale komanso kutsika kwa kutchuka, monga kufunsa kwakumveka. Komanso, umboni umachirikiza malingaliro athu kuti omwe amafunafuna izi zobisika mkati mwa zithunzi zolaula za achinyamata ndi anthu opambana osati gulu lokhala ndi anthu ena. Sikuti chidwi cha mitundu yamakono zolaula chomwe chikuyang'ana achinyamata, chimodzimodzinso machitidwe a ogula omwe amafunafuna mafunso omwe atchulidwa pano.

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Makhalidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zosiyana zimasiyanitsa pakati pa zosangalatsa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti (2019) - Chidule chofunikira:

Chotsatira china chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwake kwazomwe zimachitika poyesera nthawi yayitali pa mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito [osokoneza] osagwiritsidwa ntchito [osokonezeka] ogwiritsa ntchito osangalala, anali oposa [mumagwiritsa ntchito ovuta] poyerekeza ndifupipafupi pa sabata. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IP osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zovuta kuti asiye kuyang'ana IP panthawi ya gawo kapena akusowa nthawi yochulukirapo kuti akwaniritse mphoto yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mawonekedwe a kulekerera muzovuta za mankhwala.

ZOPHUNZIRA: Kukula, Zitsanzo ndi Zotsatira Zodzikonda Zomwe Zilipo Zomwe Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ku Polish University Ophunzira: Phunziro Lachigawo (2019). Kafukufukuyu anafotokoza zonse zomwe azinayi amanena kuti palibe: kulekerera / kuzoloŵera, kugwedezeka kwa ntchito, kusowa mitundu yowopsya kuti adziwe chilakolako chogonana, zizindikiro zochotsa chiwerewere pamene akusiya, mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, zolaula, ndi zina. Zina zochepa zokhudzana ndi kulekerera / chikhalidwe / kukula:

Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimadziwika Zotsatira zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: chosowa chochititsa chidwi (12.0%) ndi zowonjezera zowonongeka (17.6%) kuti zifike pamtima, komanso kuchepetsa kugonana kwabwino (24.5%) ...

Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsanso kuti kutuluka koyambirira kungagwirizane ndi kuthetsa chilakolako chogonana monga momwe kuwonetsedwera ndi kufunikira kwa kukakamiza kwanthawi yaitali komanso zowonongeka zowonongeka zomwe zimafunikila kuti zifike poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, komanso kuchepetsa kugonana kokwanira .....

Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitika nthawi zinalembedwa kuti: Kusintha kwa mtundu wina wazinthu zosiyana (46.0%), kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kugonana (60.9%) ndipo zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa kwambiri (32.0%). Ambiriwa amadziwika kawirikawiri ndi akazi omwe akudziyesa kuti ndi okhudzidwa poyerekezera ndi omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi osafunikira

phunziro lapano anapeza kuti akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula kwambiri kanali kawiri kawiri komwe kunkafotokozedwa ndi amuna akudzifotokoza okha kuti ndi achiwawa.

Zowonjezera zizindikiro za kulekerera / kukula: akusowa ma tebulo ambiri ndikuwonetsa zolaula kunja kwa nyumba:

Ambiri mwa ophunzira adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo (76.5%, n = 3256) ndi mawindo ambiri (51.5%, n = 2190) pofufuza zolaula pa intaneti. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunja komwe kunalengezedwa ndi 33.0% (n = 1404).

Zakale kwambiri za ntchito yoyamba zokhudzana ndi mavuto aakulu ndi kuledzeretsa (izi mwachindunji zimasonyeza kulekerera-chizolowezi-kuchuluka):

Zaka zoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zinthu zakuthupi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zotsatira za zolaula za achinyamata-Kupezeka kwapamwamba kunapezeka kwa akazi ndi amuna omwe amaonekera poyera pa zaka 12 kapena pansipa. Ngakhale kuti kufufuza pamtanda sikulola kulolera kafukufuku, zotsatirazi zingasonyeze kuti ubwana wothandizana ndi zolaula zingakhale ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali ....

Zizolowezi zoledzera zinali zapamwamba, ngakhale kuti zinali "kudzizindikira":

Kugwiritsira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kudzidzimitsa yekha kunayesedwa ndi 10.7% ndi 15.5%, motero.

Phunzirolo linanena kuti zizindikiro zowononga, ngakhale kuti sizinali zovuta (chizindikiro chenichenicho cha ubongo wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere):

Ena mwa anthu omwe anafunsidwa omwe adadziwonetsa kuti ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (n = 4260), 51.0% adavomereza kuti ayesetse kuyesera kuyigwiritsa ntchito popanda kuphatikiza pafupipafupi za zoyesayesa izi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. 72.2% ya omwe akuyesera kusiya zolaula amawonetsa zomwe zinachitikira bwino, ndipo kawirikawiri ankawonetsa maloto olakwika (53.5%), osayenerera (26.4%), kusamala chisokonezo (26.0%), ndi kuzindikira kusungulumwa (22.2%) (Table 2).

Ambiri mwa anthuwa adakhulupirira kuti zolaula ndizofunika kwa anthu onse:

Phunziroli, ophunzira omwe adafunsidwa kawirikawiri amasonyeza kuti zolaula zimakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta pa ubale, chikhalidwe, kugonana, ndipo zingakhudze chitukuko cha umoyo pa ubwana ndi unyamata. Ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri a iwo sankagwirizana ndi zofunikira zotsutsa zolaula ....

Kuwongolera kunena kuti zikhalidwe zomwe zakhalapo kale ndizofunikira kwenikweni, osati kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, phunzirolo linapeza kuti makhalidwe a umunthu sanali okhudzana ndi zotsatira:

Ndizosiyana, palibe umunthu wa umunthu, womwe unadziwonetsera wekha mu phunziro ili, unasiyanitsa zolaula zomwe anaphunzira. Zotsatira izi zimatsimikizira lingaliro lakuti kupeza ndi kupezeka pa zolaula pakali pano ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zifotokoze makhalidwe ena apadera a anthu ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, tawonetseratu zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi ogulitsa omwe adawonetsa kuti akufunika kuona zolaula zoopsa kwambiri. Monga tawonetsera, kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza zakuthupi kungathe kugwirizanitsa ndi chilakolako chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakufunika kuwona zinthu zowonjezereka kuti zikhale zofanana zogonana.

Phunziro Loyamba: Kukula ndi Zovuta Zomwe Zimakhala Zovuta pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zogwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Gwiritsani Ntchito Chitsanzo cha Akazi achi Germany (2019) - Kafukufuku adanenanso kuti zolaula zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazolaula. Olembawo amakhulupirira kuti izi zikuwonetsa kulolerana komwe kumabweretsa kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano kuti akwaniritse zomwezo. Zolemba:

Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro athu, zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti zogwiritsidwa ntchito zinali zofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi imene ankawonera zolaula pa intaneti. Zambiri zolaula pa Intaneti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipamwamba kwambiri chiwerengero cha s-IATsex. Zindikirani, kulumikizana kumangotanthauzira 18% yokha ya kusiyana komweko, kusiya kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kusiyana komwe sikudziwika. Zotsatira zake, nthawi yonse yomwe yakhala ikuwonerera zolaula (maola pa sabata) sizingakhale zofanana ndi zolaula zogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti, monga momwe zachitidwira m'maphunziro ena apitalo. Komabe, Deta yathu ikuwonetsa kuti nthawi zonse, nthawi yomwe yakhala ikuwonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi chizindikiroKuwonetsa zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tinazindikiranso a Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu pa zolaula monga kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti-Ndipo, nkhani zosiyana kwambiri zomwe anthu omwe adawunikira akuyang'ana, zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri pazifukwa zake za IATsex. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti akazi omwe ali ndi vuto lowonetsa zolaula pa Intaneti amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyana, zomwe zingakhale zizindikiro zotsatila. Kuchita zinthu moyenera kungayambitse kumanga nyumba yowololera, kutsogolera ogula kuti afufuze zinthu zatsopano kuti awonetsere njira yomweyo yochitira zolaula monga pamene anayamba kuyang'ana.

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonjezereka ku mabuku omwe akukula omwe amasonyeza kuti zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zingakhale zochitika zogwirizana ndi matenda. Ngakhale mu 2013 omwe ali olemba za buku lothandizira komanso lofufuza, buku lachisanu lachisanu ndi chimodzi linasiya kuwonjezera "matenda a hypersexual" monga matenda, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapangitsa kuti pulojekitiyi ikhale "yovuta kugonana" Dongosolo lachilengedwe la Matenda ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda.

POPHUNZIRA LIWIRI: Kusadziletsa kapena Kuvomereza? Mndandanda Wazomwe Amakumana Nazo Amuna Ali Ndi Njira Zowunikira Zoyeserera Zolaula Zoyeserera (2019) - Nyuzipepalayi inanena za amuna asanu ndi mmodzi omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere pamene anali ndi pulogalamu yolowererapo (kusinkhasinkha, zipika zatsiku ndi tsiku komanso kulowa sabata sabata). Ophunzira onse adawoneka kuti apindula ndikusinkhasinkha. Potengera mndandanda wamaphunziro awa, 3 idalongosola kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito (chizolowezi) ndipo m'modzi anafotokoza zizindikiritso zakutha. (Osati pansipa - awiri ena omwe ananenedwa zolaula).

Kuchotsera pamilandu yomwe ikunena zodzichotsera:

Perry (22, P_akeh_a):

Perry adadziona kuti sangathe kuyendetsa bwino zolaula komanso kuti kuonera zolaula ndi njira yokhayo yomwe angathe kuthana ndi kudziwongolera zakukhosi, makamaka mkwiyo. Adanenanso zakupsa kwa abwenzi komanso abale ake ngati atapewa zolaula kwakanthawi, zomwe adanenanso kuti ndi nthawi ya masabata a 1 kapena 2. 

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi 3 milandu yofotokozera kukwera kapena malo:

Preston (34, M_aori)

Preston adadziwika yekha ndi SPPPU chifukwa anali ndi nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe amakhala ndikuwonera komanso kuyang'ana zolaula. Kwa iye, zolaula zinali zitakulirakulira kuposa zokonda zake ndikufika pamlingo pomwe zolaula ndizofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake. Adanenanso kuti amaonera zolaula kwa maola angapo patsiku, kupanga ndikukhazikitsa miyambo ina yowonera pamadongosolo ake owonera (mwachitsanzo, kukonza chipinda chake, kuyatsa, ndi mpando m'njira yodziwika bwino komanso isanawonedwe, kukonza mbiri ya asakatuli atayang'ana, ndikuyeretsa atatha kuwona momwemo) , ndikuwononga nthawi yambiri kuti asunge anthu omwe ali pa intaneti pagulu lodziwika bwino pa zolaula pa PornHub, tsamba lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lolaula ...

Patrick (40, P_akeh_a)

Patrick adadzipereka kuchita kafukufukuyu pompano chifukwa anali ndi chidwi ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yake yoonera zolaula, komanso momwe anawonera. Ndipo Patrick pafupipafupi ankawonera zolaula kwa maola angapo nthawi kusiya mwana wake wakhanda osayang'aniridwa muchipinda chochezera ndi / kapena kuonera TV…

Peter (29, P_akeh_a)

Peter anali ndi nkhawa ndi mtundu wa zolaula zomwe amadya. Anakopeka ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikufanane ndi machitidwe akugwiriridwa. Tadawonetsa zochitika zenizeni komanso zodziwikiratu, zomwe zidamuwonetsa zomwe adakumana nazo powonera. Peter adawona kuti zomwe amakonda muma zolaula ndizosemphana ndi malamulo omwe amakhazikitsako ...

PHUNZIRO LATATU: Zobisika Zamanyazi: Zomwe Amuna Achikhalidwe Amachita Pakakhala Kovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (2019)  - Phunziro lomwe limakhudza kuyankhulana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za 15. Ambiri mwa amunawa anena zolaula, kuchuluka kwa zogwiritsira ntchito, malo okhala, kukhutitsidwa kogonana komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zogwiritsira ntchito komanso malo okhala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula posintha makonda.

Ophunzirawa adakambirana momwe zolaula zimakhudzira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogonana komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Michael adafotokoza momwe zolaula zidakhudzira kugonana kwake, makamaka zokhudzana ndi machitidwe omwe angafune kuyambiranso ndi azimayi omwe adawaonerera zolaula. Anakambirana poyera zogonana zomwe amakhala akuchita nthawi zonse, ndikufunsa momwe machitidwe awa aliri:

Michael: Nthawi zina ndimakhumudwa ndi nkhope ya atsikana, yomwe sikuthandiza, koma ndinayipeza kuchokera zolaula. Bwanji osaweramira? Bwanji bondo? Pali gawo la kusalemekeza icho. Ngakhale mtsikanayo avomera, ndizopanda ulemu. (23, Middle-Eastern, Student)

Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi zolemba, zolaula zomwe zimakhudza ziyembekezo zogonana, zokonda zakugonana, komanso kukana kugonana kwa akazi… Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zowonera zolaula, ena mwa amunawo adayamba kukhala opanda chidwi ndi kugonana kwatsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa sizimakwaniritsa zomwe amayembekeza zolaula:

A Ben: Ndimaona ngati kugonana kwenikweni sikwabwino chifukwa zomwe ndimayembekezera ndizambiri. Zinthu zomwe ndimayembekezera kuti azichita pabedi. Zithunzi zolaula ndi chithunzi chosatsimikizika cha moyo wogonana wokhazikika. Nditayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosatheka, mumayembekezera kuti moyo wanu wogonana ungafanane kukula ndi chisangalalo cha zolaula. Koma sizichitika, ndipo zikachitika, ndimakhumudwa pang'ono. (27, Asia, Student)

George: Ndikuganiza ziyembekezo zanga zomwe ndimakhala nazo pazomwe zimakhalira, bang, zodabwitsa zomwe zimayenera kukhala panthawi yogonana sizofanana mmoyo weniweni [. . .] Ndipo zimandivuta ngati zomwe ndimazolowera zimakhala zosakhala zenizeni, ndikuwonetsedwa. Zithunzi zolaula zimapanga ziyembekezo zosatheka zogonana. (51, Pākehā, Wophunzitsa)

Frank ndi George akuwonetsa mbali zolaula zomwe zimatchedwa "Pornotopia," dziko lalingaliro lopanda chidwi momwe azimayi ambiri "okonda, okongola, komanso azimayi oganiza bwino" amapezeka mosavuta kuti aziwonera amuna. (Salmon, 2012). Kwa amuna awa, zolaula zidabweretsa dziko lokonda zogonana lomwe silingachitike "zenizeni."…. Izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, ena mwa amunawa adakhumudwitsidwa ndipo adakwiya kwambiri:

Albert: Chifukwa ndawona zithunzi ndi makanema ambiri azimayi omwe ndimawoneka wokongola, zimandivuta kukhala ndi azimayi omwe safanana ndi azimayi omwe ndimawaonera m'mavidiyo kapena kuwona pazithunzi. Azanga anga safanana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ndimawonera m'mavidiyo [. . .] Mukamaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri, ndazindikira kuti azimayi nthawi zonse amakhala ovala kwambiri, okhala ndi zidendene komanso nsapato zazitali, ndipo ndikapanda kugona pabanja ndimakhala wosakwiya. (37, Pa¯keha¯, Wophunzira)

Ophunzira adakambilananso momwe zokonda zawo zidakwanira chifukwa cha zolaula. Izi zitha kuphatikizira "kuchuluka" pazinthu zolaula:

David: Poyamba anali munthu m'modzi pang'onopang'ono wamaliseche pang'onopang'ono, kenako zimapita kwa maanja omwe amagonana, ndipo kuyambira molawirira kwambiri. Ndinayamba kudzipatula kuti ndigonane ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Izi zonse zinachitika mkati mwa zaka zingapo ndikuyamba kuwona zolaula [. . .] Kuchokera pamenepo, zowonera zanga zidakulirakulira. Ndinaona kuti zonena zowoneka zowawa kwambiri zinali zowawa komanso zosasangalatsa, ndipo makanema omwe ndimawonera adayamba kuchuluka. Monga, makanema omwe amapangidwa kuti aziwoneka ngati akugwiriridwa. Zomwe ndimapitako ndizinthu zakunyumba, kalembedwe. Zinkawoneka ngati zowona, monga kugwiriridwa kumachitika. (29, Pa¯keha¯, Professional)

Mabuku akuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zochitika zomwe zolaula zimawonjezeka ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali akuwonerera kapena kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano yomwe imabweretsa mantha, kudabwitsidwa, kapena kuphwanya zomwe akuyembekeza (Wéry & Billieux, 2016). Pogwirizana ndi mabuku, David adanena kuti amakonda zolaula. Indedi, a kufalikira kuchoka pamanyazi kupita ku kugwiriridwa kowoneka bwino chinali chifukwa chachikulu chomwe David adazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwakeko kunali kovuta. Monga David, Daniel adazindikiranso kuti zomwe adapeza zikugonana patapita zaka zambiri atatha kuonera zolaula. Daniel adalongosola za kuyang'ana kwake kuzinthu zolaula, makamaka za cholembera chogonana, pambuyo pake kukhala wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwona kwa mbolo:

Daniel: Mukamaonera zolaula zokwanira, mumayamba kudalitsidwanso ndi zinthu zooneka bwino, chifukwa zimakhala pazenera kwambiri. Kenako mbolo imakhala yokhazikika komanso yolimbikitsa ndi yosangalatsa. Kwa ine ndizosangalatsa momwe kukopeka kwanga kuliri kwa mbolo, ndipo palibe china chokhudza munthu. Chifukwa chake monga ndidanenera, sindipeza chilichonse kwa amuna, kusiyapo mbolo. Ngati mungakopeke ndikumunamizira mkazi, ndiye zabwino kwambiri. (27, Pasifika, Wophunzira)

Popita nthawi, momwe zokonda zawo zolaula zimasinthira, amuna onsewa adayesetsa kufufuza zomwe amakonda m'moyo weniweni. David adaganizirana zolaula ndi wokondedwa wake, makamaka kugonana. David adanenanso kuti ali ndi mpumulo kwambiri pomwe mnzake amalolera zolakalaka zogonana, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala choncho. Komabe, David sanafotokoze zokonda zake zachiwerewere ndi mnzake. Daniel, monga David, adafanizanso zolaula zake ndikuyesera kuchita zachiwerewere ndi mkazi wogonana. Malinga ndi zolemba zokhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zochitika zogonana zenizeni, komabe, milandu ya David ndi Daniel sikuyimira wamba. Ngakhale pali kulumikizana pakati pazocheperako, anthu ambiri alibe chidwi choyerekeza zolaula - makamaka zosavomerezeka - amasangalala kuwona (Martyniuk, Okolski, & Dekker, 2019).

Pomaliza, abambo adanenanso za zolaula zomwe zimakhudza kugonana kwawo, china chake chomwe chakhala chikufufuzidwa kumene m'mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, Park ndi anzawo (2016) adawona kuti kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti kungaphatikizidwe ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile, kuchepetsedwa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana, ndikuchepetsa libido yogonana. Otenga nawo mbali paphunziro lathu adanenanso za zodabwitsazi, zomwe amati ndizogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZIWIRI: Zizindikiro ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex mu okalamba (2019) - M'Chisipanishi, kupatula zolembedwa. Avereji ya zaka anali 65. Ili ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa zomwe zimathandizira bwino mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza 24% yanenedwa Zizindikiro zochotsa pakakhala kulephera kupeza zolaula (nkhawa, kusakwiya, kukhumudwa, ndi zina zambiri). Kuchokera kuzinthu zowoneka: 

Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha ntchitoyi chinali pawiri: 1) kuwunika kufalikira kwa achikulire omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotukula kapena kuwonetsa mbiri ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cybersex ndi 2) kuti apange mbiri yazizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwikiratu m'derali. Ochita nawo 538 (amuna a 77%) azaka zopitilira 60 (M = 65.3) adamaliza mndandanda wazikhalidwe zakugonana pa intaneti. 73.2% adati amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi cholinga chogonana. Mwa iwo, 80.4% adachita izi mosangalala pomwe 20% idawonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachiwopsezo. Zina mwazizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zidafala kwambiri ndikulingalira zakusokonezedwa (50% ya omwe akutenga nawo mbali), kugwiritsa ntchito maola 5 pa sabata pa intaneti pazogonana (50%), kuzindikira kuti atha kuchita izi mopitirira muyeso (51%) kapena kupezeka kwa zisonyezo zakusiya (nkhawa, kukwiya, kukhumudwa, ndi zina zambiri) (24%). Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kuwona zochitika zogonana pa intaneti pagulu lachete ndipo nthawi zambiri kunja kwa njira iliyonse yolimbikitsira thanzi logonana pa intaneti.

POPHUNZIRA LIWIRI: Zotsatira zakuwonera zolaula kwa okwatirana (2019) - Kafukufuku wosowa waku Egypt. Pomwe kafukufukuyu akuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera zokondweretsa, zotsatira zake zakanthawi sizigwirizana ndi zakanthawi. Mapeto:

Kutsiliza: Zithunzi zolaula zimasokoneza banja.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulolerana kapena kukwera:

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kuonera zolaula kumakhala kophatikizana ndi zaka zaukwati. Izi zidagwirizana ndi Goldberg et al. ¹⁴ yemwe adanena kuti zolaula ndizosuta kwambiri. Izi zidagwirizananso ndi Doidge ¹⁵ yemwe adati thupi limayamba kulolerana kuti dopamine imasulidwe ndikuwonera zolaula nthawi.

Pali kulumikizana kopanda pake pakati pa kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo wogonana ndikuwona zolaula ngati 68.5% ya owonera zabwino sakhutitsidwa ndi moyo wawo wogonana. Izi zidagwirizana ndi Bergner ndi Bridges ¹⁷ omwe adawona kuti pali kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana ndikukhutira ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Phunziroli laposachedwa ngakhale zolaula zimakulitsa chikhumbo ndi pafupipafupi pakugonana, sizithandiza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito afikire orgasm. Izi zidagwirizana ndi Zillman ²⁴ omwe adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kulekerera kwakukulu pazinthu zolaula, motero amafunikira zolemba zambiri ndi zida zodabwitsa kuti akwaniritse gawo lomwelo la chidwi komanso chidwi, chomwe chidagwirizana ndi Henderson ²⁵, yemwe adapeza kuti zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongola sizikukhudzanso motero, zida zambiri ndi nthawi yayitali yowonera komanso zinthu zowonongeka zimafunidwa kuti zikwaniritse chisangalalo chofanana.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZOPHUNZIRA: Kuunikira kwa Zithunzi Zamavuto pa intaneti: Kuyerekeza Masikelo Atatu ndi Njira Zosakanikirana (2020) - Kuphunzira kwatsopano ku China kuyerekezera kulondola kwa mafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula a 3. Anafunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula a 33 & Therapists, ndikuwunika maphunziro a 970. Zotsatira zothandiza:

• 27 mwa anthu 33 omwe atafunsidwa mafunso adatchulapo zizindikiro zosiya.
• 15 mwa 33 omwe atafunsidwa adatchulapo kukwera kwambiri.

Zojambula pamalonda zikuwunikira magawo asanu ndi limodzi a mafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula omwe amayesa kulekerera ndi kuchoka (The PPCS):

Cholondola kwambiri pamafunso atatu anali "PPCS" chomwe chimapangidwa pambuyo pamafunso okhudzana ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo. Mosiyana ndi mafunso ena awiri, komanso mayeso osokoneza bongo am'mbuyomu, a PPCS imayesa kulolerana & kuchotsa. Chowonera pofotokoza kufunikira koyesa kulolerana ndi kuchoka:

Katundu wolimbikira kwambiri wama psychometric komanso kutsimikizika kwapamwamba kwa PPCS kungakhale chifukwa chakuti adapangidwa motsatira malingaliro a Griffiths a zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zamaganizidwe (monga, mosiyana ndi PPUS ndi s-IAT-kugonana). PPCS ili ndi zolemba mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo imawunikiranso magawo ena a zinthu zomwe zingawagonjetse [11]. Makamaka, kulolerana ndikuchotsa ndizofunikira kwambiri pazovuta za IPU zomwe sizimayesedwa ndi PPUS ndi s-IAT-sex;

Ofunsidwa akuwona kusiya monga chinthu wamba komanso chofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Ikhozanso kuchepetsedwa kuchokera Chithunzi 1 kuti onse odzipereka komanso othandizira adatsimikiza za kutsutsana, kubwereranso ndipo achire mu IPU (kutsata mafotokozedwe); nthawi yomweyo, adazindikira kusinthika kwa mawonekedwe, kubwereranso ndipo achire monga zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta (kukhazikitsa chofunikira).

POPHUNZIRA LIWIRI: Kudziwitsa Zachinyengo Chazakugonana Ku Lifespan ku US Adult Males (2020) - Kafukufuku wanena kuti gulu lazaka 18-30 lazitcha njira zoyipa kwambiri zakugonana komwe amatsata omwe anali 31-50, kenako azaka 51-76 azaka zakubadwa. Mwachidule, anthu azaka zakubadwa omwe ali ndi ziwonetsero zapamwamba kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula (ndipo adakula ndani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chubu) fotokozerani ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana kosagonana (kugwiriridwa, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana ndi ana). Zomwe zatchulidwa mu gawo la zokambiranazi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chifukwa:

Kuphatikiza apo, kufotokozera chifukwa chake omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 30 adakwaniritsa zokonda zachiwerewere kuposa zomwe zimaposa zaka 30 zitha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolaula kumwa pakati pa anyamata achichepere. Ofufuza apeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwawonjezeka kuyambira 1970s, kuyambira pa 45% mpaka 61%, ndikusintha kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire omwe kutsata zolaula kumachepa (Mtengo, Patterson, Regnerus, & Walley, 2016). Kuphatikiza apo, pakuphunzira zolaula pakati pa achichepere a 4339 aku Sweden, ochepera gawo limodzi mwa omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu adawonera zolaula zachiwerewere, nyama ndi ana (Svedin, ermankerman, & Priebe, 2011).

Ngakhale kuwonetsa zolaula ndikugwiritsa ntchito sikunayesedwe kafukufukuyu, omwe sanakwanitse zaka 30 mu zitsanzo zathu atha kukhala akuwona zolaula zambiri, komanso mitundu yonyansa yazithunzi, kuposa omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 51 monga zolaula pakukula kukhala ovomerezeka pagulu (Carroll et al., 2008).

POPHUNZIRA LIWIRI: Njira zoyeserera zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonza kwa zolaula za ana pa intaneti (2020) - Kafukufuku watsopano ati ambiri% ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana (CP) alibe chidwi ndi ana. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zowonera zolaula za achikulire, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi mtundu watsopano wamtundu watsopano, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pambuyo pake adafunafuna zoonjezera zowonjezera, mitundu, kenako ndikukula mu CP. Ofufuzawo anena zokhudzana ndi zolaula za pa intaneti (zatsopano zomwe sizimapezeka kudzera pa ma chubu a chubu) monga gawo lomwe lingathandize kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondweretsedwa ndi zomwe zili zolakwika kwambiri, monga CP. Mapepala oyenerera:

Mtundu wa intaneti umalimbikitsa osagwirizana ndi anzawo kuti pomaliza azikula:

Apa tikambirana za zomwe amuna amadziwika kuti ali ndi chidwi chofuna kuyambitsa ndi kukonza kuwonera CP pa intaneti. Timayang'ana makamaka pazokonda zogonana zapaintaneti chifukwa chazomwe zidanenedwa kale kuti intaneti imatha kuyambitsa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa izi (Quayle, Vaughan, & Taylor, 2006).

Kukweza monga njira yakugwiritsira ntchito CP:

Ambiri mwa omwe adachita nawo zachiwerewere adanena kuti amakonda kugonana zolaula zomwe amaziwona kuti ndizopanda tanthauzo kapena zomwe amaganiza kuti ndizogonana kapena chikhalidwe chawo. Mwachitsanzo, Mike adanena kuti akusaka "china chachilendo kwenikweni, bola sichikhala… zinthu zopangika." Ophunzira nthawi zambiri amayamba kuwonera zolaula za pa intaneti kumapeto kwa mawonekedwe awonongekedwe (monga.

Monga tawonera Chithunzi 1, kufunikira kuti tipeze zolaula zosawoneka bwino kumathandizanso kuti ogwiritsira ntchito CP awonerere. Monga Jamie amafotokozera, "Ndimayang'ana zinthu za BDSM, kenako ndimayamba kuchita zinthu zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ndi zinthu zina zovuta, kenako ndimangomva, ndikukugonjera. Nditenga? ”. Nkhani yoti CP ndiosaloledwa idachulukitsa anthu omwe adachita nawo chidwi, monga Ben yemwe adafotokozera, "Ndinkamva ngati zomwe ndimachita ndizosaloledwa, ndipo zimandipatsa mwayi wambiri", ndipo Travis, yemwe anati, "Nthawi zina zinkamveka bwino kuti uzichita zinthu zomwe suyenera kuchita. ”

Hyperfocused kugonana kosangalatsa

Akakhala mkhalidwe wokondweretsedwa motere, otenga nawo mbali zimawavuta kufotokoza zifukwa zowonera nthawi zambiri kenako ndikuwonera zolaula. Kupeza kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kafukufuku wapitawu kuti "ma visceral" omwe ali ndi zokometsera zololera anthu amalola anthu kuti azinyalanyaza zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse machitidwe ena ogonana (Loewenstein, 1996). …. Omwe atatenga nawo mbali atapezekanso mkhalidwe wokondweretsedwa, adanenanso kuti CP yomwe amawonera idasinthika ndikuzemba, zomwe zimanenedwanso ndi Quayle ndi Taylor (2002).

Kuyang'ana zachabe

Ophunzira adalongosola kuti m'mene angawonekere zolaula za pa intaneti zikuchulukirachulukira, amapezeka kuti alibe chidwi ndi mitundu ya zolaula (mwalamulo) zomwe amakonda. Zotsatira zake, ophunzira adayamba kukhumba komanso kufunafuna zokopa zokhudzana ndi mitu yatsopano yokhudzana ndi kugonana. Intaneti idawoneka kuti ikuthandizira otenga nawo mbali kusungulumwa komanso chikhumbo cha zatsopano zakugonana, popeza kuchuluka kwa intaneti kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zolaula zosatha, chilichonse kapena zonse zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kuposa zomwe zidali pano kuwonera. Pofotokoza njirayi, Yohane adafotokoza:

Zinayamba ndi amuna akulu akulu okhala ndi azimayi amtundu wa chinthu, ndipo ndichopepuka, ndiye kuti mwina mungayang'ane zinthu zazachikazi kwakanthawi, ndikuyamba kuzimiririka, kenako mumayamba kufufuza.

Kutsika (kufukiza) komwe kumatsogolera pakukula:

Poyesayesa kupeza zano ndi zosangalatsa zosangalatsa zogonana, ophunzira adayamba kufufuza zolaula zokhudzana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogonana, abwenzi, maudindo, ndi zosinthika kuposa momwe akadaganizirapo kuwonera. Izi zitha kuwonetsa pang'ono kufalikira kwa malire kapena malamulo omwe munthu (mosazindikira kapena mosazindikira) amadziikira okha pazokhudza zolaula zomwe amaziwona kuti ndizovomerezeka. Monga Mike amafotokozera, “Iwe umangopitirira kuwoloka malire ndi kudutsa malire - [umadziuza] 'Sudzachita izi', koma ndiye umachita."

Kukula komwe Mike ndi ena omwe atenga nawo mbali akufotokozera kukukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo okhala, popeza ambiri omwe atenga nawo mbali adanenanso kuti pamapeto pake amafunikira njira zolaula kapena zolaula kwambiri kuti akwaniritse chisangalalo chofananacho. Monga Justin amafotokozera, "Ndinaona kuti nditsika ndikangotsikira pansi pomwepo, zimayenera kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kukuthandizani." Ambiri mwa omwe tatenga nawo kafukufukuyu akuti awonerera zolaula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana asanafufuze CP, zomwe zikufanana ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zolakwika za CP atha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zalamulo ndikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kuonera zolaula, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kuwonetsedwa komanso kusowa mtendere (Ray et al., 2014).

Zochita zimabweretsa ku CP:

Monga momwe chithunzi 1 chikusonyezera, ophunzirawo nthawi zambiri ankayendayenda kangapo asanasunge changu cha CP mwachangu. Atazindikira zolaula zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri, otenga nawo mbali amatha kwa nthawi yayitali akufufuza, kuwonera, ndi kusungitsa zokonda zamtunduwu, "kuwumwa" kuyang'ana zinthuzi. Ophunzira adafotokozera kuti chifukwa chakuwonetsedwa kotere, adafika pamenepa pomwe izi Mitundu ya zolaula sizinapatsenso chilimbikitso pakugonana, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ayambenso kusaka zatsopano za kugonana:

Ndikuganiza poyamba, ndinatopa. Monga, ndimapeza mutu womwe ndimawafuna ... ndipo mosavuta ndimakhala, sindikudziwa, nditha kugwiritsa ntchito mutuwo - sindikufuna, ndawonapo zambiri - ndipo ndiye ndimatha kupitilira zina. (Jamie)

Ndinayamba kuyang'ana zithunzi za akazi achichepere [achikulire] pomwe ndimayang'ana zolaula pa intaneti, kenako ndimangoyang'ana atsikana ang'ono ndi ang'ono, kenako ana. (Ben)

Zotsatira zam'nyumba zimakhala zokhazikika m'malo ena a psychology ndipo adakambirana kale zokhudzana ndikuwona zolaula. Elliott ndi Beech amafotokoza njirayi ngati, "... kuchepa kwamawonekedwe ofanana kumawonekeranso mobwerezabwereza - pomwe, pakuwona zachiwerewere, olakwira amafunafuna nthano, zithunzi zowonjezera pakapita nthawi kuti adyetse kusangalala kwawo," Elliott and Beech, (2009, p. 187).

Monga mitundu ina ya zolaula, kuwonetsa kwambiri za CP kumapangitsa kuti ambiri atenga nawo mbali pofotokoza za zinthuzi, kuphatikiza omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe anena za chidwi chogonana ndi ana (monga momwe ophunzira ali ndi chidwi ndi anthu achikulire omwe amakhala ndi zolaula zakale). Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira athe kufunafuna ma CP omwe akukhudzana ndi achinyamata ovutikirapo komanso / kapena zithunzi zowoneka bwino zogonana poyesa kuwonetsa zomwe anali nazo zomwe anali nazo poyambirapo pakuwona izi. Monga Justin amafotokozera, "Muyesa kuyang'ana china chake chomwe chingakupatseni, kapena kumverera kwina, ndipo poyamba, sichinatero. Ukamakula, zinali zochepa. ”

Ena mwa ophunzirawo adafika pomwe adayamba kufunafuna CP yokhudza ana omwe m'mbuyomu akadali aang'ono kwambiri kuti asadzuke. Travis adatinso, "Popita nthawi, mitunduyi idakhala yaying'ono ... m'mbuyomu, sindingaganizire chilichonse zisanafike zaka 16." Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zolaula, omwe atenga nawo mbali adanenanso kuti apitiliza kuonerera CP ngakhale kuti kukomoka kwawo kwazinthu izi kumatha. Izi zimadzetsa mafunso okhudzana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala motere.

Zokhudza kugonana:

Ophunzira angapo omwe sananene kuti anali ndi chidwi chogonana asanabadwe ana asanaonere CP ankakhulupirira kuti kukhudzana ndi zinthuzi nthawi zambiri 'kumawalimbikitsa' kuti azikonda ana.

Pafupifupi pafupifupi onse omwe sananene kuti akufuna kuchita nawo zachiwerewere, ndizotheka kuti izi zidapangitsa ophunzirawo kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi CP, mmalo mwa ana iwowo (komanso powonjezera kuchitira ana nkhanza). Ophunzira adafotokozera momwe amawonera izi:

Zili ngati ... mukakhala ndi gin yanu yoyamba, kapena chilichonse. Mukuganiza, 'izi ndizowopsa', koma mumangopita ndipo pambuyo pake mumayamba kukonda gin. (Yohane).

Zozungulira zomwe zinali muubongo wanga zomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumabwera, magawo omwe anali kuwombera pomwe ndimayang'ana zithunzi za ana ... zaka zochita zomwe mwina zidapangitsa zinthu mu ubongo wanga kusintha. (Ben)

Pamene chidwi chawo ku CP chikukulira, owonera omwe anali atawona zolaula za akulu ndi ana adanenanso kuti zimawavuta kukakamizidwa ndi akuluakulu omwe amagonana.

Pamaso pa nkhope, njira yodziwikirayi imatha kuwoneka ngati yosemphana ndi zomwe zimachitika kale. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kwa anthu omwe alibe chidwi chogonana ndi ana, momwe zimakhalira zikuwoneka ngati zimayamba pakati pa nthawi yomwe akuwona CP ndi zomwe ophunzira akutenga nawo gawo pazinthuzi.

Kukakamiza kwawo kwa ife kumawoneka ngati osokoneza bongo njira zingapo:

Mwinanso mwapeza chimodzi chosangalatsa chokhudzana ndi omwe ophunzira atchulidwa kuti sangathe kupita patsogolo kuchokera pa CP atangokhala kumeneku ndikuchepetsa kuyankha kwazinthuzi. Kusazindikira kotereku pakuchoka mu mchitidwewu kunapangitsa kuti ena mwa omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito awone kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwa CP ngati 'kukakamiza' kapena 'kungosokoneza'. Monga Travis anafotokozera:

Sindikudziwa ngati pali chinthu china monga kukopeka… kumene mumachita zinthu zomwe simukufuna kuchita, koma nthawi zonse ndimapezeka kuti ndimayang'ana mobwerezabwereza mawebusayiti ... ndimakhala kuti ndachedwa usiku akuchita izi, chifukwa ndimayenera kuti ndibwerere ndikayang'ane.

Tiyenera kudziwa, komabe, kuti palibe aliyense mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe adalongosola za njira zozikakamiza zenizeni kapena wanena chilichonse chakuchoka atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito CP, ndikuwuza kuti izi sizowonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa dzinalo….

Kusaka zatsopano, chifukwa cha malo okhala, kunali kosangalatsa koposa kuwonera CP.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa kukakamizidwa kumeneku zikuwoneka pakupeza kuti pafupifupi onse omwe sanatenge nawo chidwi, makamaka pamalingaliro omwe anali ndi chidwi chakuwonera CP, adanenanso kuti machitidwe omwe amafufuza pa intaneti kuti awonetsetse zokhudzana ndi kugonana pambuyo pake amapitilira kusangalala ndikuwona zinthuzi. Kutsatira njira zathu zotsogola, tikupangira mwayi woti ophunzira ayambe kusankha kusaka kwa CP chifukwa chakuwonera chifukwa pofika nthawi yomwe ophunzira atafika pa nthawi yofunafuna CP - motsutsana kuti ndi zolaula kwambiri - anali nazo adapitilira (ndipo amakhala) mitundu yambiri ya zolaula ndipo sakanalankhulanso ndi mitu kapena zochitika zomwe sizingakhale zoyenera kapena zopangitsa kuti agwirizane ndi kugonana komwe akufuna.

Zotsatira zake, tikuwonetsa kuti chisangalalo ndi chiyembekezo zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kupeza zolaula komanso zolaula zomwe zimawonetsa chidwi kwambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa momwe zimamvekera pakuwona zinthuzi. Izi zikuyembekezeka kulimbikitsa chikhumbo cha ochita nawo chidwi chofunafuna CP (ngakhale momwe zidalili kale), komanso kulephera kupeza zolaula zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti ophunzira atengepo mbali pazakuchita. Monga Dave anafotokozera:

Ndinafunika kujambula, kuchokera pa chithunzi [china] kapena china, chifukwa ndikangoyamba kuyang'ana, ndimapeza wotopetsa ndipo ndimayenera kupita kwina. Ndipo ndi momwe zinaliri. Ndipo zidatenga moyo wanga.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZOPHUNZIRA: Kuwongolera ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - Udindo wofunikira woyang'aniraAnton & Mtundu, 2020) - Olembawo akunena kuti zotsatira zawo zikuwonetsa kulolerana, chizindikiritso cha chizolowezi chomangirira. Malangizo oyenerera:

Kafukufuku wathu wapano akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yoyamba yolimbikitsira kufufuzaku mtsogolo pokhudzana ndi mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta pa IP, kusintha kwa kusintha, komanso kudziletsa.

Kugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitawa (mwachitsanzo, Antons & Brand, 2018; Mtundu, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Laier et al., 2013), tidapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kulakalaka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuvuta kwazovuta kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovuta kwa IP m'magawo onse awiri. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa kulakalaka ngati cue-reactivity sikunaphatikizidwe ndi chizindikiro choopsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwa IP, izi zikugwirizana ndi kulekerera (cf. Wéry & Billieux, 2017) Popeza zithunzi zolaula zomwe zidawonetsedwa mu kafukufukuyu sizinapangidwe pamtundu uliwonse malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zolaula zofananira zokhazokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito sizingakhale zopanda mphamvu zokwanira kuchitira chidwi cha cue mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu logwirizana ndi zotsatira zochepa pamachitidwe osokoneza, owonetsa, komanso olankhula komanso luso lotha kuwongolera.

Zotsatira zakulekerera ndi zochitika zina zitha kufotokozera bwino kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizindikiritso chapamwamba chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa njira yamalingaliro ndi yowunikira. Kuwongolera kuwongolera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP mwina kumadza chifukwa cha kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi okakamiza, owonetsa, komanso olankhula.

Kuphatikizidwa, chikhazikitso monga gawo lalikulu lomwe likuyimira njira yolankhulirana imatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuletsa zinthu zolaula ngati zithunzi zolaula zilipo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito IP moyenera adachita bwino ntchitoyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito polongedza chithunzithunzi ndikuwonjezera ntchito yake pakuwongolera.

Izi zitha kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kulolera, ndiye kuti, kuchepa mphamvu kwa dongosolo lomwe limayendetsa zinthu kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizikuwongolera bwino komanso zowunikira. Chifukwa chake, kusunthika kuchoka pakukakamizidwa kupita kumakhalidwe olimbikira chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za IP kapena chifukwa chothandizira kupewa (zokhudzana ndi kupewa) kungakhale koyenera, kotero kuti zinthu zonse zimangoyang'ana pa ntchitoyi ndikupatuka pazithunzi zolaula. Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP komwe mwina sikuti kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana pakati pamagetsi apawiri koma komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi.

ZOPHUNZIRA: Kuwunika Kudziwa Kwamoyo Kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zapaintaneti: Phunziro Loyeserera (2020)

Mitengo yaying'ono yokhudzana ndi kukwera ndi malo:

Ophunzirawo adakumana ndi zomwe akukumana nazo kuti ali “odziletsa” ku IP. Chilankhulo chodalira, mwachitsanzo, "kukhumba," "kuyamwa", ndi "chizolowezi," chinkakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ophatikizidwawo adanenanso zisonyezo ndi zokumana nazo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zovuta zowonjezera monga; kulephera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, kuchuluka kwa IP pakanthawi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya IP kuti iwonenso, Kugwiritsa ntchito IP ngati njira yothanirana ndi kusasangalala kapena kukhala okhutira kapena "okwera", ndikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito IP ngakhale mutakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso zotsatirapo za moyo. Mitu yotsatirayi ikusonyeza izi.

Escalation nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati akuwononga nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena akuwona kuti ndikofunikira kuti awone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse zomwezo "kutalika" pakapita nthawi, monga momwe wolemba nawoyo adanenera, "Poyamba, ndinkaonera zolaula zochepa, komanso zaka. podutsa, ndinayamba kuyang'ana zolaula komanso kuchita zanyansi kwambiri. ”

Kukula kumeneku

Kukweza nthawi zambiri kumanenedwa kukhala kukhala kuthera nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena kupeza kuti ndikofunikira kuti muwone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse "kukwera" nthawi yayitali

Kuchulukitsa kwa zolaula kunalumikizidwanso ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile mwa ena mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali, popeza adapeza kuti patapita nthawi, palibe kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zidawapangitsa kuti akhale ndi erection, monga tafotokozera pamutu wotsatira.

Zizindikiro monga erectile dysfunction- conceptualised ngati kulephera kupeza ubale wopanda zolaula kapena ndi mnzanga weniweni: "Sindinathe kuyanjana ndi akazi omwe ndimawoneka wokongola. Ndipo ngakhale nditatero, sizinatenge nthawi. ” Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimadandaula ndi omwe atenga nawo mbali, ndipo mmodzi pagulupo akuti, "Zandiletsa kugona! Nthawi zambiri! Chifukwa sindingakhale okhazikika. Zakwaniritsidwa. ”

Ochita nawo kafukufuku anena kuti athera nthawi yayitali akuwonera IP ndikuwanyalanyaza madera ena m'moyo, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana ndi ena, zolinga zokulitsa, zolinga,, "Makamaka, zimanditengera nthawi kutali ndi ine," anatero mmodzi mwa ophunzira. "Kuonera zolaula kumachotsa nthawi yophunzira, nthawi yogwira ntchito, nthawi yocheza ndi anzawo, nthawi yopuma, ndi zina zambiri." Wina yemwe adatenga nawo gawo adawona kuti nthawi yomwe akuwonera powonera IP idamuwonongera phindu; Ndipo pamakhala nthawi yambiri yomwe ndakhala ndikuonera zolaula pa intaneti m'malo mochita zinthu zabwino. ” Kusintha kwa nthawi yotayikirayi nkovuta kuzimvetsetsa, monga omwe adanenapo ziwonetserozi, "Ndidataya nthawi zomwe ndimawonera zolaula ndipo ndimayenera kuti ndizichita chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri.

YOPHUNZIRA YEKHA 'Kupeza china chake chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisafikire': Kuyanjananso kwa owonera zolaula pakati pa zikumbumtima zakale ndi zoopsa zomwe zadziwika (2020) - Makamaka kafukufuku wofunsidwa. Zolemba zochepa zofunikira pofotokozera kukwera, mawonekedwe ndi nyumba:

 Izi ndizowonjezera zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta ku lingaliro loti zithunzi zolaula zimakhudzidwa ndi ena, monga zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pali ena omwe zotsatira za zolaula adadzilemba:

Panopa ndimasokonezeka kwambiri komwe ndimakhala ndi zolaula. Mpaka pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo, sindikadaganizira za zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zidanditsogolera kuti ndisiyane ndi chibwenzi changa cha zaka zinayi, ndidawona katswiri wazamalamulo wokonda zolaula pofuna kuyesetsa kuti banja lathu lizigwirizana koma izi sizikuwoneka kuti zikuthandiza…. [Kafukufuku wotsatira 194, Q2].

Media yandikhudza pang'ono pa izi ndipo nthawi zina ndimakhala ngati ndimangodya zolaula kwambiri. Ndimamvanso kuti zikundikhumudwitsa ku zochitika zenizeni pamoyo wanga. Zochita zanga zenizeni pamoyo ndimakhala bwino ndikapuma zolaula. Ndimadanso nkhawa mtundu wa zolaula zomwe ndimawonera zimakhudza chikhumbo changa chofuna kugonana ndi vanila. [Kafukufuku wotsatira 186, Q2].

Mwachitsanzo, kuyankhulana kotsatira ndi bambo yemwe adafunsa ngati ali ndi vuto la zolaula, chifukwa chokhala nthawi yambiri akuonera izi, akuwonetsa kukana lingaliro loti malingaliro osokoneza bongo ali ndi vuto la kufalikira osachepera:

C: Mukudziwa, sindikuganiza kuti pali zachilendo zokhudzana ndi momwe ndimakhalira chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti nditha kumvana ndi anthu onse amsinkhu wanga ndipo anyamata omwe ndidakula nawo mukupita mutayang'ana zithunzi zofewa za nudie -

Wofunsa: Eya ngati Penthouse ndi -

C: Eya, ngakhale ochepera kuposa pamenepo ndiye zimangokwera mmwamba. Mumachoka ku Playboy kupita ku Penthouse kupita ku uurgh I dunno, kenako imasandutsidwa vids umm, ndipo imakulanso mphamvu.

Wofunsa: Mmm koma pali mfundo yoti uyime ngakhale kulibe? Chifukwa -

C: Ah, chabwino chimenecho chinali chisankho changa, chifukwa ndimangoganiza kuti 'urgh that is kutosha for me

Wofunsa Mafunso: Ndipo - pali nkhawa yoti anthu ena sangathe kupanga izi -

C: I - chabwino ine ndikuganiza chowonadi chakuti pali ukapolo wambiri ndi mtundu wankhanza wa zinthu patsamba lino - akuti pali msika. Ine sindikuganiza - ndimaganiza kuti anthu aja adayamba ngati ine kumangoyang'ana zithunzi zoyipa za atsikana ndipo adachokera kumeneko.

Wofunsayo: Inde, ndipo nthawi ina munatha -

C: Kuuma kwenikweni.

Pano 'kusankha' kwa C kuyimitsa kusintha komwe kukuchokera mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu kumayerekezeredwa ndi omwe angakhale atayamba ndikuwona zolaula zomwe anali nazo, koma adatha ku 'hard hard'. Zovuta zoterezi zidadziwika bwino pokhudzana ndi momwe intaneti yasinthira zomwe zili zolaula, komanso momwe zomwe achinyamata achita zingasiyanane ndi zomwe wokamba….

Pano, E amafotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo asanakhale ndi zolaula kudzera mu mzere wodziwika wazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (mwachitsanzo, abambo a mnzake), akunena kuti kuwonetsa koyambirira kumeneku kunapangitsa zinthu kukhala 'zosavuta kwambiri' akamakula. Komabe, pambuyo pake pazofunsidwa, E akuwonetsanso kuti kuwonetsa zolaula zamtunduwu kumatha kukhala koopsa kwa achinyamata 'ena':

Wofunsa: Kapena monga zachiwawa kapena monga -

E: Eya, chabwino, ndi chinthu chomwecho. Monga mukudziwa kuti chiwawa ndi cholakwika ngati mwana mukawona - mukudziwa, 'Osamumenya Ji - Johnny chifukwa sanakupatseni donut', mukudziwa, mukudziwa kuti ndi zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, zili ngati mtundu wamakhalidwe omwe muyenera - muyenera kukhala koma gawo lovuta ndi la unyamata, iwo asanakhale ndi ubongo wazidziwitso asanakwanitse zaka 23, 24, um amavutika nthawi zambiri kuti apange kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe chovomerezeka ndi machitidwe osavomerezeka ndi zotsatira zawo. Chifukwa chake, angaganize kuti ndizabwino kuti anyamata atatu atenge msungwana wina ndikum'manga kumbuyo kwa galimoto chifukwa ndizomwe adaziwona pavidiyo zomwe mukudziwa, pa intaneti, ndipo akhoza kuganiza kuti koma sanachite ' ndinamvetsetsa tanthauzo la zomwe amatanthauza kwa zomwe mtsikanayo achita ndi zina zotero.

Wofunsa: Chifukwa chake mwazomwe mudakumana nazo ngakhale mudakhala ngati 13 mudati muwona ngati zibwenzi zingapo, tinene. Ndiye - koma kodi mudayamba mwayesedwapo, mukudziwa, monga momwe mudanenera, monga mukudziwa, pangani abwenzi ena ndipo -

E: O, ndipo tsatirani - ayi.

Wofunsa Mafunso: Kapena, ndikutanthauza, monga mwa kutengera kwa zomwe mudawona mu zolaula?

E: Ayi. Ine ndimangoganiza kuti, chabwino, izo zikhale zabwino kwambiri mukudziwa. [Amaseka]

Wofunsa mafunso: Eya. Koma simunakhale ngati, mukudziwa, 'Bwerani anyamata' -

E: Eya. Ayi.

Wofunsa: Ayi. [Kuseka]

E: Ayi, ndipo ine - ndikuganiza kuti - ndipo i - i - ndi - monga ndanena kale, ndikutanthauza, ndikuganiza kuti anthu am_makhalidwe a anthu, zimabwera kuti amvetse nzeru zawo, mukudziwa, ndi momwe Takhala tikuchitiridwa. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kulera mwanjira yolakwika ndiye kuti mutha kuchita chimodzimodzi, mwina munganene kuti, 'Bwerani kuno, titenge mwana wathu', mukudziwa. Mukudziwa, blah blah blah chifukwa inu simungathe kulumikizana ndi china chilichonse kupatula k_komwe kachigawo kakang'ono kameneko, mukudziwa. Ndipo anthu ena samakula.

Chifukwa chake, vuto lakuwonera zolaula ndikusintha kwa sing'anga pakapita nthawi komanso kuthekera kwa (achinyamata) kuti amvetsetse njira yatsopanoyi. Pachiyambi, E akuwonetsa kuti zolaula zomwe zimapezeka m'magazini zidamuthandiza pakukula kwake, asanawonetse kuti kuwonera zolaula zofananira - makamaka magulu azakugonana - zitha kupangitsa anyamata 'kutenga msungwana wina ndikumumenya kumbuyo kwa galimoto'.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZIWIRI: Omwe Amachita Zakugonana Paintaneti: Mitundu, Kuyesa, Chithandizo, ndi Kuteteza (2020) - Abstract akuwoneka kuti akunena kuti osagwirizana ndi anzawo amapezeka kuti amalimbikitsa zolaula zaana:

Kutiunikira za amuna omwe agwirira ntchito pa intaneti, mutuwu ukufotokoza momwe gulu lochimwa likugonjera ana, likuyang'ana kwambiri zakumisiri, kuwunika, njira zamankhwala, ndi njira zopewera olakwira pa intaneti. Iwunikiranso zolemba za magulu atatu akuluakulu olakwira ana - ogwiritsa ntchito mchitidwe wogwiririra ana (CSEM), olimbikitsa ana kugonana, ndipo amalumikizana ndi olakwira anzawo - pozindikira kuti ngakhale zolembera zimapereka chidule chofufuza pazopezeka, mawonekedwe amitundu yoposa imodzi kapena atha kusintha pamalingaliro ndi machitidwe ena. Kwa amuna ena, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovomerezeka kumayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito CSEM. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kusaka mawebusayiti ovomerezeka mwalamulo nthawi zina kumabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito CSEM. Mapulogalamu ambiri olowerera omwe alakwira pa intaneti amaimira kusintha kwa mapulogalamu omwe analipo pakukhudzana, posintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo komanso zina zake.

ZOPHUNZIRA Zisanu ndi zitatu: Njira yama psychometric pakuwunika kwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso malo ochezera a pa intaneti malinga ndi malingaliro a intaneti omwe asokonezeka (2020) - Sndikulimbikitsa kuwunikira koyerekeza kwa Masewera osokoneza bongo kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafunso olaula. Peresenti yayikulu omvera adavomereza njira zingapo zosokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza kulolerana ndi kuchuluka: 161 mwa maphunziro 700 adakumana ndi kulekerera - kufuna zolaula zambiri kapena "zosangalatsa zambiri" kuti akwaniritse zomwezo.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZIWIRI: Male a psychogenic kugonana kukazunzika: gawo lodziseweretsa maliseche (2003) - Kafukufuku wakale wakale wa amuna omwe amatchedwa 'psychogenic' mavuto azakugonana (ED, DE, osatha kudzutsidwa ndi abwenzi enieni). Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa 2003, zoyankhulana zidawulula kulolerana ndi kukwera kokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "erotica":

Ophunzira nawo pawokha adayamba kukayikira ngati pali mgwirizano pakati pa maliseche komanso zovuta zomwe adakumana nazo. JNdimadzifunsa ngati kudalira maliseche ndi erotica panthawi yazaka ziwiri zisanachitike vuto lake lisanayambitse vuto lake?

J :. . . Nthawi yayitali zaka ziwiri zomwe ndimakhala ndikuchita zolaula pomwe sindimakhala pachibwenzi nthawi zonse, umm ndipo mwina panali zithunzi zambiri pawailesi yakanema, kotero sikunali kofunika kuti mugule magazini - kapena - ingopezekanso.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera:

Ngakhale kudzoza kumatha kuchokera ku zomwe adakumana nazo, ambiri omwe adasewera nawo adagwiritsa ntchito zojambula kapena zolembalemba kuti apangitse chidwi chawo ndikuwonjezera kukongola. Jim, yemwe 'satha kuwona bwino m'maganizo', amafotokozera momwe kukongola kwake kumathandizidwira ndi erotica panthawi yamasewera:

J: Ndikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi zina Ndikudzilimbitsa ndekha kuti pali thandizo lina; ndikuwonera pulogalamu ya TV, kuwerenga magazini, china chonga icho.

B: Nthawi zina chisangalalo chokhala ndi anthu ena ndizokwanira, Koma zaka zikamapita muyenera buku, kapena muwona filimu, kapena mumakhala ndi imodzi mwamagazini oyipa amenewo, Chifukwa chake mumatseka maso anu ndipo mumaganizira zinthu izi.

Zambiri zowonjezera:

Kuthandiza kwa zoyipa zodabwitsazi popanga kugonana kosangalatsa zadziwika ndi a Gillan (1977). Kugwiritsa ntchito erotica kwa otenga nawo gawo kunali koletsa kuseweretsa maliseche kwakukulu. Jim amadziwa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri pakumenya maliseche poyerekeza ndi kugonana ndi mnzake.

Pogonana ndi wokondedwa wake, Jim amalephera kukwaniritsa zosatheka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala osokoneza bongo, panthawi yodziseweretsa maliseche kugwiritsa ntchito erotica kumawonjezera milingo yazosangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa.. Malingaliro ndi erotica adakulitsa zokopa ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito momasuka pakugonana koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kunali koletsedwa panthawi yogonana ndi wokondedwa.

Pepala limapitiriza:

Ambiri omwe atenga nawo mbali 'sakanakhoza kulingalira' kuseweretsa maliseche popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthano kapena erotica, ndipo ambiri adazindikira kufunikira pang'onopang'ono kufutukula zinthu zosangalatsa (Slosarz, 1992) poyesa kukhalabe osangalatsa komanso kupewa 'kusowa pogwira'. Jack akufotokozera momwe adatsutsira malingaliro ake:

J: Pakapita zaka zisanu zapitazi, ine, ine, Ndingakhale wokakamizidwa kuti ndikulimbikitsidwe mokwanira ndi zongopeka zilizonse zomwe nditha kudzipanga.

Kutengera erotica, zofanizira za Jack zasintha kwambiri; zojambula zomwe zimakhudza azimayi omwe ali ndi 'mtundu wamtundu' makamaka pamitundu ina. Zenizeni za mkhalidwe wa Jack ndi othandizana nawo ndizosiyana kwambiri, ndipo amalephera kufanana ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe adapangidwa pamaziko a zolaula za porno (Slosarz, 1992); bwenzi lenileni lingakhale kuti silikuwonjezeka mokwanira.

Paul akufanizira kukula kopitilira pang'ono kwa malingaliro ake ndi kufunikira kwake 'mwamphamvu' erotica kuti apange yankho limodzi:

P: Mumakhala wotopetsa, zili ngati mafilimu abuluu; Muyenera kukhala olimba ndi zinthu zambiri nthawi zonse, kuti mulimbikitsidwe.

Pakusintha zomwe zinali m'mawu, malingaliro amakono a Paulo amakhalabe ndi malingaliro olakwika; ngakhale amaliseche kangapo patsiku, akufotokoza:

P: Simungapitirize kuchita zomwezo, mumatopa ndi gawo limodzi motero muyenera kutero (kusintha) - zomwe ndimachita bwino nthawi zonse. . . Nthawi zonse ndimakhala m'dziko lamaloto.

Kuchokera pazigawo zachidule za pepalali:

Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa zomwe ophunzira adakumana nazo panthawi yakugonana komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwawonetsa kupezeka kwa mayankho ogonana osagonana panthawi yogonana ndi wokondedwa, komanso mayankho ogonana panthawi yakuseweretsa maliseche. Malingaliro awiri ogwirizana adatulukira ndipo afotokozedwa mwachidule pano… Pakati pa kugonana, otenga nawo mbali amatenga mbali pazosafunikira; kusokonezedwa kwazidziwitso kumasokonekera chifukwa chakutha kuyang'ana pazinthu zolaula. Kuzindikira mozama kumawonongeka ndipo mayendedwe azakugonana amasokonezedwa chifukwa chotenga gawo logonana.

Pokhapokha pakugonana wogwira ntchito, otenga nawo mbali atsata maliseche. Kuyankha mwakugonana tsopano kwakhala kwofunikira; kuphunzira chiphunzitso sikumayerekezera zochitika zake, zimangodziwitsa momwe zinthu zingakhalire pamakhalidwewo. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsera pafupipafupi komanso njira yodziseweretsa maliseche, komanso kutha kuyang'ana pazidziwitso zoyenera (zothandizidwa ndi nthano ndi erotica panthawi ya maliseche), monga zinthu zofunika.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kufunsa kwatsatanetsatane m'mbali ziwiri zazikulu; machitidwe ndi kuzindikira. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane wazomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, maluso komanso zotsatirazi ndi zongoyerekeza zimapereka luntha la momwe mayankho a kugonana atiririka pamikhalidwe yopapatiza; zoterezi zikuwoneka kuti zikukulira zovuta pakumagonana ndi bwenzi lanu. Tivomerezedwa kuti monga gawo la momwe amapangidwira, akatswiri amakafunsanso ngati munthu amachita maliseche.

ZOPHUNZIRA Zisanu Asanu: Zizindikiro za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta Panjira Ya Mankhwala Kuganizira Ndi Kuthandiza Amuna Omwe Salingalire: Njira Yapa Network (2020) - Kafukufuku amafotokoza zakusiya komanso kulekerera ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. M'malo mwake, kusiya ndi kulolerana ndizofunikira kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha intaneti cha amuna 4,253 ( M _m'badwo = Zaka 38.33, SD = 12.40) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mawonekedwe a PPU m'magulu osiyana a 2: gulu lothandizira ( n = 509) ndi gulu loti asalandire mankhwala (n = 3,684).

Mawonekedwe apadziko lonse lapansi sanasiyane kwambiri pakati pa chithandizo chomwe anthu amawaganizira ndi magulu omwe sanawaganizire. Magulu awiri azizindikiro adadziwika m'magulu onse awiri, ndi tsango loyamba kuphatikizira malovu, kusintha kwa malingaliro, ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndipo tsango lachiwiri kuphatikiza mikangano, kusiya, kuyambiranso, ndi kulolerana. M'mayanjidwe onse a magulu, kuseketsa, kulekerera, kusiya, ndi mikangano zimawoneka ngati zizindikiro zapakati, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri. Komabe, kusinthika kwa machitidwe kunali ndi malo ofunika kwambiri mu gulu lowerengera chithandizo komanso njira yofalikira mu mgwirizano wamagulu osaganizira.

NKHANI YOPHUNZIRA Zoyenera Kuchita Zazithunzi Zolaula Zoyeserera (PPCS-18) pagulu komanso zitsanzo zazing'ono ku China ndi ku Hungary (2020)

M'masamba atatu omwe amachokera, kuchotsera anali njira yayikulu kwambiri, pomwe kulekerera kunalinso njira yayikulu mu netiweki ya anthu wamba. Pothandizira izi, kuchotsera anthu kunadziwika ndi kulosera kwakukulu pamaneti onse (Amuna ammudzi wachi China: 76.8%, Amuna achi China achichepere: 68.8%, ndi amuna am'mudzi achi Hungary: 64.2%).

Kuyerekeza kwa Centrality kunawonetsa kuti zisonyezo zazikuluzikulu zazachidziwitso zinali kuchotsa komanso kulolerana, koma chokhacho chokha chomwe chinali njira yayikulu pamasamba onse am'deralo.

Zogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu (Gola & Potenza, 2016; Young et al., 2000), zovuta kwambiri zamankhwala amisala komanso zizolowezi zina zogonana zogwirizana ndi zambiri za PPCS. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kungakhale kulangiza kuganizira zolakalaka, thanzi lam'mutu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza pakuwunika ndi kuzindikira PPU (Brand, Rumpf et al., 2020).

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyerekezera kwapakati pazinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi za PPCS-18 kunawonetsa kuchotsedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamasamu onse atatu. Malinga ndi mphamvu, kuyandikana, komanso pakati paubwino pakati pa otenga nawo mbali, kulekerera kunathandizanso, kukhala kwachiwiri kungochoka. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchotsa ndi kulolerana ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu ochepa. Kulekerera ndikuchoka pamagulu kumayesedwa ngati zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kusuta (Himmelsbach, 1941). Maganizo onga kulolera ndi kuchotsa ayenera kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la kafukufuku wamtsogolo mu PPU (de Alarcón et al., 2019; Fernandez & Griffiths, 2019). Griffiths (2005) adatinso zizindikilo zolekerera ndi kusiya ziyenera kupezeka pamakhalidwe aliwonse omwe angawoneke kuti ndi osokoneza bongo. Zomwe tikuwona zikuthandizira lingaliro loti madera ochotsa ndi kulolerana ndikofunikira kwambiri PPU. Kugwirizana ndi malingaliro a Reid (Reid, 2016), umboni wololera ndi kuchoka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana atha kukhala chinthu chofunikira pakuwonetsa machitidwe azakugonana ngati osokoneza bongo.

PHUNZITSANI ZISANU NDI ZIWIRI: Matenda Atatu Omwe Amapezeka Povuta Kugonana; Kodi Ndi Njira Ziti Zomwe Zimaneneratu Khalidwe Lofunafuna Thandizo? (2020) - Kuchokera pamapeto:

Ngakhale zoperewera zomwe zatchulidwazi, tikuganiza kuti kafukufukuyu amathandizira pakupanga kafukufuku wa PH ndikuwunikanso malingaliro atsopano (ovuta) okhudzana ndi chiwerewere pagulu. Timatsindika izi kafukufuku wathu adawonetsa kuti "Kubwezeretsa" ndi "Kutaya chisangalalo", monga gawo la "Zoyipa", zitha kukhala zizindikilo zofunikira za PH (zovuta zogonana). Mbali inayi, "Orgasm frequency", monga gawo la "Chilakolako Chagonana" (kwa akazi) kapena ngati covariate (ya amuna), sanawonetse mphamvu yakusankha kusiyanitsa PH ndi zina. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti pakakhala zovuta zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere, chidwi chikuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa "Kusiya", "Kutaya chisangalalo", ndi zina "Zoyipa" za chiwerewere, osati mochuluka pakuchuluka kwachiwerewere kapena "pagonana kwambiri" [60] chifukwa makamaka ndi "Zoyipa" zomwe zimakhudzana ndikukumana ndi chiwerewere ngati zovuta.

Phunzirani makumi asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu: Kusiyanasiyana Kwazinthu Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito komanso Gawo Lakale Kwambiri Lopanda Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito Kuphatikizidwa Ndi Chithandizo Kufunafuna ndi Zizindikiro Zovuta Zogonana (2020) - Zolemba:

Kutsatira chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akuti zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumatha kubweretsa kulekerera.33,34,39 Mogwirizana ndi mitundu ya zizolowezi zakugonana, kulolerana kumatha kuwonekera mu 1 mwa njira 2: (i) pafupipafupi kwambiri kapena nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, poyesa kukwaniritsa zomwezo, (ii) kufunafuna komanso kuwononga zambiri zolimbikitsa zolaula, pamene munthu amayamba kukhumudwa ndikufufuza zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse zolaula.33,34,40 Ngakhale chiwonetsero choyamba cha kulolerana chikugwirizana mwamphamvu ndi nthawi komanso magwiritsidwe ake, chachiwiri sichoncho. Zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula, makamaka ngati izi zikukhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwawa, zofanizira kapena zoletsa zovomerezeka zamtundu wa zolaula (mwachitsanzo, zolaula kuphatikizapo ana). Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso / kapena chizolowezi chogonana, mawonekedwe ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zomwe zimawonetsedwa zolaula sizinaphunzirepo kawirikawiri.

Kukambirana

Mwambiri, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kufunikira kokhala ndi nthawi yayitali pakuwonera zolaula komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula zomwe zapezeka pakufunafuna chithandizo, komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikilo zovuta zakugonana. Izi sizikugwira ntchito nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kutanthauza kuti zisonyezo zomwe zatchulidwazi zimathandizira kufotokozera zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndikugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala ...

...Kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula zodyedwa (zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wapano monga kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimatsutsana ndi zomwe munthu amagonana - zithunzi zachiwerewere, zachiwawa, zogonana zamagulu, zithunzi zogonana ndi ana) zidaneneratu za chisankho chofunafuna chithandizo komanso kuopsa kwake za zizindikilo pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali phunziroli.

Chimodzi mwazotheka chifukwa cha izi ndikuti kusiyanasiyana ndikungogwira ntchito munthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula - anthu omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo akuchita izi atha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri yazolaula, mitundu, kapena magawo. Zotsatira zathu zimatsutsa kufotokozera uku ndikuwonetsa kuti ubale pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula ndi zomwe zimadalira ndikofunikira ngakhale nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ikulamulidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana kwama bivariate pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zolaula zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsidwazo zinali zofooka modabwitsa. Izi zikuthandizira kusiyanasiyana kwa zisonyezo za 2 ndikufunika kuziphunzira zonsezi kuti mupeze chithunzi chabwino cha zizolowezi zolaula.

Ngakhale zomwe zafotokozedwazo sizikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa kulolerana kapena kukhumudwa, chifukwa chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zitha kuwonetsa zomwe zili zoyambirira, zikuwoneka kuti mwina ndizofanana ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito .33,34 Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuwunika momwe zolaula zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kutengera mawonekedwe azinthu zolaula ndikuwonetsetsa ngati zokonda zamtundu wina zolaula zapezeka chifukwa chodziwitsidwa zolaula nthawi yonse ya moyo kapena zikufotokozedwa bwino ndi zomwe amakonda poyamba. Nkhaniyi ikuwoneka kuti ndiyofunika kuchipatala komanso yosangalatsa mwasayansi ndipo iyenera kukopa chidwi chambiri chofufuzira.

Phunzirani ZISANU NDI ZIWIRI: Zochitika Pazithunzi "Zobwezeretsanso": Kuwunika Kwenikweni Kwa Magazini Oletsa kudziletsa Pa Msonkhano Wolaula Wapa zolaula (2021) - Pepala labwino kwambiri limasanthula zokumana nazo zoposa 100 ndikuwonetsa zomwe anthu akukumana nawo pamisonkhano. Imatsutsana ndi mabodza ambiri okhudza mayendedwe obwezeretsa (monga zamkhutu kuti onse ndi achipembedzo, kapena okhwimitsa kwambiri zosunga umuna, ndi zina zambiri). Mapepala amafotokoza kulekerera komanso kusiya kwa amuna omwe akufuna kusiya zolaula. Zowonjezera zofunikira:

Vuto lina lodziyesa lokha lokhudzana ndi zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulephera kuwongolera, kutanganidwa, kulakalaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yothanirana ndi mavuto, kusiya, kulolerana, nkhawa yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndikupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale zitakhala zovuta (mwachitsanzo, Bőthe et al., 2018; Kor et al., 2014).

Kuchotsa:

Kupewa zolaula kunkawoneka kuti kumakhala kovuta makamaka chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwazikhalidwe komanso zachilengedwe, ndikuwonetsa zochitika ngati zosokoneza (mwachitsanzo, zizindikilo zofananira, kusiya, komanso kutaya mphamvu / kubwereranso) pakudziletsa (Brand et al., 2019; Fernandez et al., 2020).

Mamembala ena anena kuti adakumanapo ndi zovuta zomwe zidachitika pakudziletsa. Ena adamasulira izi zoyipa panthawi yakusala ngati gawo limodzi losiya. Zinthu zoyipa kapena zakuthupi zomwe zimamasuliridwa kuti ndizotheka (zotheka) "kusiya" zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa, kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro, nkhawa, "ubongo wa ubongo," kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kusowa tulo, kupumula, kusungulumwa, kukhumudwa, kukwiya, kupsinjika, komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi. Mamembala ena samangonena kuti zomwe zachitika ndikudzichotsa pamalopo koma amangoyambitsa zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nkhawa, monga zovuta pamoyo wawo (mwachitsanzo, “Ndimakhala wokwiya msanga masiku atatu apitawa ndipo sindikudziwa ngati zikuyenda kukhumudwa kapena kusiya ”[046, 30s]). Mamembala ena amaganiza kuti chifukwa kale anali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti athetse nkhawa, izi zimamveka mwamphamvu pakudziletsa (mwachitsanzo, "Gawo lina la ine limadabwa ngati izi ndizolimba kwambiri chifukwa chobwezeretsanso" [032, zaka 28]). Makamaka, omwe ali ndi zaka za 18-29 wazaka zakubadwa anali ndi mwayi wofotokoza zakusavomerezeka pakudziletsa poyerekeza ndi magulu ena awiri azaka, ndipo zaka 40 ndi kupitilira apo sizimatha kunena za "kudzipatula" pakudziletsa poyerekeza ndi magulu ena azaka ziwiri. Mosasamala kanthu komwe kumayambitsa kukhumudwitsidwa kumeneku (mwachitsanzo, kusiya, zovuta m'moyo, kapena kukulitsa malingaliro omwe adalipo kale), zimawoneka ngati zovuta kwa mamembala kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakudziletsa osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti adzichiritse. .

Kulekerera / Kuzolowera:

Zotsatira zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zidatchulidwa ndi mamembala monga zifukwa zoyambira kudziletsa. Choyamba, kwa mamembala ambiri (n = 73), kudziletsa kunalimbikitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (mwachitsanzo, "Ndine 43 tsopano ndipo ndimakonda zolaula. Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi yoti ndithawe zoledzeretsazi yafika" [098, zaka 43]). Maakaunti osokoneza bongo amadziwika ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wokakamira komanso kusadziletsa (mwachitsanzo, "Ndikuyesera kuyimitsa koma ndizovuta kwambiri ndikumva kuti pali china chomwe chikundikakamiza kuti ndichite zolaula" [005, zaka 18]), Kutaya mtima komanso kulolerana ndi zolaula chifukwa cha nthawi (mwachitsanzo, "Sindikumvanso kalikonse ndikamaonera zolaula. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti ngakhale zolaula zakhala zosasangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa" [045, zaka 34]), komanso kukhumudwa ndi kukhumudwa ("Ndimadana kuti ndilibe mphamvu YOKUTHA KUDZIWA… Ndimadana ndikadakhala kuti ndilibe mphamvu zolimbana ndi zolaula ndipo ndikufuna kupezanso mphamvu zanga" [087, zaka 42].

Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti modabwitsa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mamembala adanena kuti m'malo mokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana, adayamba kuchepa chilakolako chogonana panthawi yomwe amadziletsa, omwe amawatcha "flatline." "Flatline" ndi mawu omwe mamembala amagwiritsira ntchito kufotokozera kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kutayika kwa libido panthawi yodziletsa (ngakhale ena amawoneka kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lotanthauzira kuti liphatikizaponso kutaya mtima komanso kutaya mtima ponseponse: (mwachitsanzo, "Ndikumva ngati mwina ndili pampata pakali pano monga chikhumbo chofuna kuchita chilichonse zogonana pafupifupi palibe. ”[056, 30s]).

PHUNZITSANI Makumi asanu ndi limodzi: Matenda Atatu Omwe Amapezeka Povuta Kugonana; Kodi Ndi Njira Ziti Zomwe Zimaneneratu Khalidwe Lofunafuna Thandizo? (2020) - Kulekerera komanso kusiya zizindikilo zinali zokhudzana ndi "vuto lachiwerewere" (kugonana / zolaula), komabe chilakolako chogonana sichinali kwenikweni.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Zotsatira zoyipa ndikuwonetseratu kuti adzafunika thandizo, ndi Zotsatira Zoyipa monga wolosera wofunikira kwambiri kwa amayi ndi abambo. Izi zidaphatikizaponso, mwa zina, zizindikiritso zakutha ndikutaya chisangalalo.

Ngakhale zoperewera zomwe zatchulidwazi, tikuganiza kuti kafukufukuyu amathandizira pakupanga kafukufuku wa PH ndikuwunikanso malingaliro atsopano pamavuto azakugonana pakati pa anthu. Timatsindika kuti kafukufuku wathu adawonetsa kuti "Kubwezeretsa" ndi "Kutaya chisangalalo", monga gawo la "Zotsatira Zoyipa", zitha kukhala zizindikilo zofunikira za PH. Mbali inayi, "Orgasm frequency", monga gawo la "Chilakolako Chagonana" (kwa akazi) kapena ngati covariate (ya amuna), sanawonetse mphamvu yakusankha kusiyanitsa PH ndi zina. Zotsatira izi zikusonyeza kuti pakakhala zovuta zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere, chidwi chiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa "Kuchotsa", "Kutaya chisangalalo", ndi zina "Zoyipa" za chiwerewere, osati kwambiri pafupipafupi kapena pa "kugonana kwambiri."[60] chifukwa makamaka ndi "Zoyipa" zomwe zimakhudzana ndikukumana ndi chiwerewere ngati zovuta. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wapano, tikulimbikitsa kuti muphatikize zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi izi mu chida choyezera cha PH.

Umboni wowonjezera wololerana: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana kunalumikizidwa ndi kufuna thandizo ku "vuto lachiwerewere" la munthu:

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI CHIMODZI: Chizoloŵezi Chogonana Paintaneti: Kuwunika Koyenera kwa Zizindikiro za Amuna Ofunafuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Anapeza umboni wa kulolerana ndi kusiya. Kuchokera paphunziro:

"Mu kafukufuku wathu, zokumana nazo zazizindikirozi zinali zofala. The kulolerana kumawonetsedwa ngati nthawi yowonjezereka yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto, kukulitsa kufunitsitsa kukankhira malire a zomwe zingaganizidwe kukhala zotetezeka, makamaka monga kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zonyansa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zolaulazi nthawi zina zimafika pamlingo woyandikira kuzinthu za paraphilic. Komabe, otenga nawo mbali pawokha sanadzione ngati opunduka kapena kuti zinthu za paraphilic (mwachitsanzo, kudzutsa chilakolako chogonana chomwe chimangoyang'ana ena osaloleza) chinali zokonda zawo zakugonana. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zochulukirachulukira muzochitazo nthawi zonse zimapitilizidwa ndi nthawi ya kuchepa kwa mphamvu yazinthu zokopa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa chidwi. Izi zimatchedwa kukhutitsidwa kwakanthawi (39). Ponena za zizindikiro za kusiya, zimawonekera monga kupsinjika maganizo pang'ono-mantha, kukwiya, ndipo, nthawi zina, zizindikiro za thupi chifukwa cha somatization."

"Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zinaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwamaganizo, monga mantha ndi kulephera kuyang'ana, ndi kukwiya kwakukulu / kukhumudwa, zomwe zinayamba pamene sakanatha kuonera zolaula, sakanatha kupeza chinthu choyenera chogonana, ndipo analibe chinsinsi chodziseweretsa maliseche."

PHUNZIRO XNUMX PHUNZIRO: Kusiya ndi kulolerana mokhudzana ndi vuto lokakamiza kugonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta - Kafukufuku wolembetsedwa kutengera chitsanzo choyimira dziko ku Poland (2022)

PHUNZIRO MAKUMI ASANU NDI CHINAYI: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Kungayambitse Chizoloŵezi Choledzeretsa Ndipo Kunkagwirizanitsidwa ndi Ma Homoni Oberekera ndi Umuna Waumuna: Lipoti Lochokera ku Phunziro la MARHCS ku China

• Kulumikizana koyambirira, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, nthawi yochulukirapo yogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zokhudzana ndi kuledzera.
• Oposa 30% adanenanso kuti amafunikira nthawi yayitali ku orgasm ku zolaula kuposa momwe amafunikira miyezi 3 yapitayo.

PHUNZIRO XNUMX: Kufotokozera ndi kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa zovuta zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zomwe zidachitika

Zomwe tapeza zikugwirizana ndi umboni wowonjezereka wakuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi PPU amakumana ndi kulolerana komanso kukhumudwa, zomwe zingayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwa ntchito [umboni wa kuledzera]. [PPU ikhoza] kuyendetsedwa ndi njira zapadera, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a zolaula zapaintaneti zomwe zitha kufulumizitsa njira zamaganizidwe zokhudzana ndi kuledzera komanso kulakalaka.

Mitu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo "kuchepa kwa chidwi kapena chisangalalo," "kufuna kukopeka kwambiri pakapita nthawi," kusuntha pafupipafupi pakati pa zokopa…

Mndandanda wamaphunziro ofanana:

• Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba zopitilira 50 maphunziro ofotokoza neuroscience (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahomoni). Onse amapereka chithandiziro chamachitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zomwe zapezedwa zikuwunika pazotsatira za mitsempha zomwe zimanenedwa mu maphunziro a kusokoneza bongo.
• Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli zolemba zambiri zozikidwa pa neuroscience & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Tsamba lowonjezera ndi Kafukufuku 15 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula.
• Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana. "