Zofufuza zolumikiza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kapena zolaula / zachiwerewere pazovuta zakugonana komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso ubale

Ndi mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti wa cyberpornography sanakhale wosavuta kupeza. Zotsatira zakufufuza zitha kuthana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha zolaula pa thanzi la amuna. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza ngati nthawi yayitali yofananira ndi yogonana ndi zolaula.

Amuna, omwe adagonana mu masabata anayi apitawa, adafunsidwa zakumverera kwa nthawi yayitali yogonana ndi mnzake ndipo amatha kusankha mayankho otsatirawa; konse, osachepera theka la nthawi, theka la nthawi, nthawi zambiri kapena nthawi zonse. Tidawerengera mphindi m'masabata sabata kuti tisewereke zolaula ndikuwona ngati nthawi yolumikizana ndi zolaula inali yosiyana pamagulu oyankha. Amuna 3,033 adamaliza kufunsa omwe 687 (22.7%) pomwe adasiyidwa popeza sanachite zachiwerewere masabata anayi apitawa ndipo amuna 15 adasowa. Amuna okwanira 2,331 (76.9%), azaka zapakati pa 31, adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika zaumunthu pakumayenda ndi masabata anayi apitawa. Kusiyana kwa njira ndi njira yanthawi yolumikizirana zolaula pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana akuwonetsedwa pagome 1.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu

Mayeso a Kruksal-Wallis H adawonetsa kusiyana kwakukuru pakati pa magawo amayankho ndi kukhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yodziseweretsa zolaula kwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi vuto la kutikirira poyerekeza ndi omwe anali ndi vuto lotere, mocheperapo ndi theka nthawi. Njira yowonekera idawonekera mwa abambo omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali akumatha kutulutsa zolaula komanso sabata iliyonse akuchita zolaula. Amuna omwe amakhala ndi kumverera kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kumalizirana ndi wokondana naye nthawi yayikulu kwambiri kuti achite zolaula sabata iliyonse kuposa amuna omwe akumva izi; konse, mochepera- kapena theka la nthawi.

41) Kuwunika Kudziwa Kwamoyo Kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zapaintaneti: Phunziro Loyeserera (2020)

Maupangiri oyenerera ochepa:

Ophunzirawo adakumana ndi zomwe akukumana nazo kuti ali “odziletsa” ku IP. Chilankhulo chodalira, mwachitsanzo, "kukhumba," "kuyamwa", ndi "chizolowezi," chinkakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ophatikizidwawo adanenanso zisonyezo ndi zokumana nazo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zovuta zowonjezera monga; kulephera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, kugwiritsa ntchito IP kwakanthawi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopitilira muyeso za IP kuti mupeze zofanana…

Escalation nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati akuwononga nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena akuwona kuti ndikofunikira kuti awone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse zomwezo "kutalika" pakapita nthawi, monga momwe wolemba nawoyo adanenera, "Poyamba, ndinkaonera zolaula zochepa, komanso zaka. podutsa, ndinayamba kuyang'ana zolaula komanso kuchita zanyansi kwambiri. ”

Kuchulukitsa kwa zolaula kunalumikizidwanso ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile mwa ena mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, monga adapeza kuti patapita nthawi, palibe kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zidawapangitsa kuti akhale ndi mpangidwe, monga tafotokozera pamutu wotsatira.

Zizindikiro monga erectile dysfunction- conceptualised ngati kulephera kupeza ubale wopanda zolaula kapena ndi mnzanga weniweni - zimafotokozedwanso kuti: "Sindinathe kupanga macheza ndi akazi omwe ndimawoneka okongola. Ndipo ngakhale nditatero, sizinatenge nthawi. ” Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimadandaula ndi omwe atenga nawo mbali, ndipo mmodzi pagulupo akuti, "Zandiletsa kugona! Nthawi zambiri! Chifukwa sindingakhale okhazikika. Zakwaniritsidwa. ”

 42) Zochitika Pazithunzi "Zobwezeretsanso": Kuwunika Kwenikweni Kwa Magazini Oletsa kudziletsa Pa Msonkhano Wolaula Wapa zolaula (2021)

Pepala labwino kwambiri limasanthula zokumana nazo zoposa 100 ndikuwonetsa zomwe anthu akukumana nawo pamisonkhano. Imatsutsana ndi mabodza ambiri okhudza mayendedwe obwezeretsa (monga zamkhutu kuti onse ndi achipembedzo, kapena okhwimitsa kwambiri zosunga umuna, ndi zina zambiri). Pepala limaleza kulolerana, chizolowezi, zizindikiritso zakudzipatula komanso zovuta zachiwerewere zomwe zimayambitsa amuna omwe akufuna kusiya zolaula. Zowonjezera zofunikira:

Vuto lina lodziyesa lokha lokhudzana ndi zolaula limagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulephera kuwongolera, kutanganidwa, kulakalaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yothanirana ndi mavuto, kusiya, kulolerana, nkhawa zogwiritsa ntchito, osagwira ntchitot, ndikugwiritsabe ntchito mosasamala kanthu zoyipa (mwachitsanzo, Bőthe et al., 2018; Kor et al., 2014).

Kupirira / Kuzolowera:

Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti modabwitsa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mamembala adanena kuti m'malo mokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana, adayamba kuchepa chilakolako chogonana panthawi yomwe amadziletsa, omwe amawatcha "flatline." "Flatline" ndi mawu omwe mamembala amagwiritsira ntchito kufotokozera kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kutayika kwa libido panthawi yodziletsa (ngakhale ena amawoneka kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lotanthauzira kuti liphatikizaponso kutaya mtima komanso kutaya mtima ponseponse: (mwachitsanzo, "Ndikumva ngati mwina ndili pampata pakali pano monga chikhumbo chofuna kuchita chilichonse zogonana pafupifupi palibe. ”[056, 30s]).

Mavuto Ogonana:

Ngakhale mayanjano omwe angakhalepo pakati pa zolaula ndi zovuta zakugonana nthawi zambiri samadziwika (onani Dwulit & Rzymski, 2019b), zomwe zimawonedwa kuti ndizoyipa pakugonana zanenedwa ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuphatikiza zovuta za erectile, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa, komanso kudalira malingaliro azolaula mukamagonana ndi mnzanu (mwachitsanzo, Dwulit & Rzymski , 2019a; Kohut, Fisher, ndi Campbell, 2017; Sniewski ndi Farvid, 2020). Ofufuza ena agwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke" (PIED) ndi "zolaula-zomwe zimapangitsa libido yotsika kwambiri" pofotokoza zovuta zakugonana zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (Park et al., 2016).

Chachiwiri, mamembala ena (n = 44), kudziletsa kunayambitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthetsa mavuto awo azakugonana, kutengera chikhulupiriro chakuti zovuta izi (zovuta za erectile [n = 39]; kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana [n = 8]) anali (mwina) zolaula. Mamembala ena amakhulupirira kuti mavuto awo pakugonana adadza chifukwa chazogonana zawo makamaka pazokhudzana ndi zolaula (mwachitsanzo, "Ndazindikira momwe ndinalibe chidwi chokhudzana ndi thupi la winayo… ndadzipangitsa kuti ndizisangalala ndikugonana ndi laputopu" [083, zaka 45]). Mwa mamembala 39 omwe adafotokoza zovuta za erectile ngati chifukwa choyambitsa kudziletsa, 31 anali otsimikiza kuti ali ndi vuto la "zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke" (PIED). Ena (n = 8) sanali otsimikiza onena motsimikiza za zovuta zawo za erectile kukhala "zoyambitsa zolaula" chifukwa chofuna kuthana ndi mafotokozedwe ena (monga, magwiridwe antchito, zinthu zokhudzana ndi zaka, ndi zina zambiri), koma adaganiza zoyamba kudziletsa ngati atakhala okhudzana ndi zolaula .

Kuchulukitsa kukhudzidwa pakumvera ndi kuyankha kunanenedwa ndi mamembala ena. Mwa mamembala 42 omwe adafotokoza zovuta za erectile koyambirira koyesa kudziletsa, theka (n = 21) adanenanso zakusintha kwakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito erectile atatha kwakanthawi. Mamembala ena anena zakubwerera pang'ono kwa ntchito ya erectile (mwachitsanzo, "Zinali pafupifupi 60% erection, koma chomwe chinali chofunikira ndikuti anali pamenepo" [076, 52 zaka]), pomwe ena amafotokoza kubwereranso kwathunthu kwa ntchito ya erectile (mwachitsanzo. , "Ndinagonana ndi mkazi wanga Lachisanu usiku komanso usiku watha, ndipo nthawi zonse ziwiri zinali 10/10 zomwe zidatenga nthawi yayitali" [069, 30 zaka]). Mamembala ena ananenanso kuti kugonana kunali kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa kuposa kale (mwachitsanzo, "ndidagonana kawiri (Loweruka ndi Lachitatu) kugonana kwabwino kwambiri pazaka zinayi" [062, zaka 37]).

Mamembala omwe amalimbikira kudziletsa nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti kudziletsa kumakhala kopindulitsa ndipo adafotokoza zabwino zingapo zomwe amadzinenera kuti amapewa zolaula. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati zolaula zimaletsa kudziletsa (Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017) kapena kuwonjezeka kwakudziletsa kambiri (Muraven, 2010) adafotokozedwa ndi mamembala ena atachita bwino kudziletsa. Kusintha kozindikirika pakugwira ntchito kwamaganizidwe ndi mayanjano (mwachitsanzo, kusangalala, kulimbikitsidwa, maubwenzi abwino) ndi magwiridwe antchito (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kusintha magwiridwe antchito a erectile) amafotokozedwanso.

43) Zithunzi zolaula komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la amuna (2021)

Ndemanga yofotokozedwa ndi mkonzi wa "Zochitika mu Urology ndi Amuna Amathanzi“. Zowonjezera zochepa:

Kuwonjezeka kwapaintaneti kwatsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa achinyamata ndi amuna achikulire omwe akuwona zolaula pa intaneti, ndipo pali nkhawa yayikulu yokhudza momwe izi zingakhudzire kukula kwawo pakugonana, magwiridwe antchito, thanzi lam'mutu komanso ubale wapamtima. Pepala ili likuwunikira mwachidule ubale wamwamuna ndi zolaula komanso zomwe zingakhudze kugonana.

Kukula kwakuchuluka kwa intaneti m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku kwatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anyamata ndi achikulire omwe akuwona zolaula pa intaneti. Izi zadzutsa mafunso okhudza momwe zimakhudzira chitukuko chakugonana komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Umboni wambiri ukusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zolaula kwambiri pa intaneti kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa zovuta zogonana.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugonana kwachiwerewere kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndikutanthauzira kuzolowera zakugonana ndi ED.¹⁵ Zopeka, izi zitha kuwonjezera mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kupezeka kwa ED mukamagonana ndi mnzanu.

Kuchepetsa kukopa kwa wokondedwa, kugonana ndi mnzanu osakwaniritsa zomwe akuyembekezera, komanso malingaliro azakugonana angayambitse ED. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zolaula komanso zochitika zina zogonana.

Kuthamangitsidwa mochedwa kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zolaula,⁷ mwina zokhudzana ndi kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zenizeni zakugonana ndi mnzanu komanso malingaliro azakugonana okhudzana ndi maliseche.¹⁶

Ponseponse, amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri samakonda kukhutira ndi moyo wawo wogonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumatha kuchepetsa kukhutira ndi kugonana chifukwa cha anthu amoyo enieni omwe satsatira zithunzi zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa intaneti, kukhumudwitsidwa ngati mnzake sakufuna kubwerezanso zolaula, kukhumudwitsidwa chifukwa cholephera kupeza zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogonana zolaula ndi mnzanu weniweni, komanso zolaula zosankhidwa chifukwa chogonana ndi mnzanu.⁷

Zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwakanthawi kochepa zimatha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayankho muubongo pazokonda zogonana, zomwe zimakhala zolimbikira kwambiri chifukwa chokhudzana ndi zolaula kuposa kugonana kwenikweni. .^{7, 17, 18} Komabe, pali kusowa kwa deta yofananira yothandizira zolaula monga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilakolako chogonana chichepetse, ndipo zina zimatsutsana.⁷ Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zovuta za chilakolako cha kugonana, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamoyo, zamaganizidwe, zogonana, zachibale komanso zikhalidwe.^{7, 19}

44) Zolemba za Prenatal Androgen Exhibition Correlate Yogwirizana Ndi Kugonana Kwapaintaneti ndi Ntchito ya Erectile mwa Achinyamata (2021)

Kuonera zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuwongolera kotsika mwa anyamata. Chidule:

Timazipeza zosangalatsa kuti OSC, osati zolaula zomwe zimazigwiritsa ntchito, zimalumikizidwa ndi zochepetsera zochepa komanso ntchito zochepa za erectile; izi zikusonyeza kulumikizana kolimba pakati pa OSC ndi kukanika kugonana kudzera zosintha pamachitidwe a mphotho mosiyana ndi njira zophatikizira anthu. Komanso apa, kafukufuku wambiri amafunikira kuti athetse zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake.

M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, zosintha zingapo zimawoneka kuti zikukhudzidwa ndi ED. Izi zikuphatikiza: Kugwiritsa ntchito maola onse, Zaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito, Zaka zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mosasintha, Kuchulukitsa mitundu yatsopano, Kukula kwazithunzithunzi zolaula (kuyambira pakukula kupita ku mitundu yatsopano ya zolaula), Chiwerengero cha maliseche mpaka zolaula popanda zolaula, Ratio zachiwerewere ndi munthu motsutsana ndi maliseche a zolaula, Mipata yogonana pakati (pomwe wina amadalira zolaula), Namwali kapena ayi, etc.

46) Kuwerengera kufotokozera maphunziro omwe akubwera - ndi pulofesa wa Urology Carlo Foresta, pulezidenti wa bungwe la Italy lotchedwa Pathophysiology

Phunziroli lili ndi zotsatira za maphunziro amtundu wautali komanso oyambira. Kafukufuku wina adakhudza kuyesa kwa achinyamata a kusekondale (masamba 52-53). Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti kukomoka kumagonana pakati pa 2005 ndi 2013, kufunitsitsa kogonana kumawonjezera 600%.

• Chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe adasinthidwa ndi kugonana kwawo: 2004 / 05: 7.2%, 2012 / 13: 14.5%
• Chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana chochepa: 2004 / 05: 1.7%, 2012 / 13: 10.3% (ndiwonjezeka 600% m'zaka 8)

Foresta amafotokozanso kafukufuku yemwe akubwera. Zinali "Kugonana ndi njira zatsopano zogonana zitsanzo za 125 anyamata, 19-25 zaka”Dzina lake la ku Italy ndi"Pemphani Munthu Woti Aziphunzira Nanu Baibulo Bwerani Kumisonkhano Yathu Dzaoneni Malo Kumaofesi Athu Tilembereni Kalata Ikani mizere". Zotsatira za phunziroli (masamba 77-78), zomwe zidagwiritsa ntchito International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire, adapeza kuti rOgwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula anapeza 50% m'munsi pa chilakolako chofuna kugonana ndi 30% m'munsi mwa erectile ntchito yolamulira.

47) Nkhani ya MedHelp

(osati kubwerezedwa) Apa ndi Nkhani yokhudza kufufuza kwakukulu kwa ndemanga ndi mafunso olembedwa pa MedHelp ponena za kupweteka kwa erectile. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti 58% ya amuna opempha thandizo anali 24 kapena wamng'ono. Ambiri amaganiza kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zingakhudzidwe ngati inafotokozedwa mu zotsatira kuchokera pa phunzirolo:

Mawu ofala kwambiri ndi "erectile dysfunction" - omwe amatchulidwa katatu nthawi zambiri monga mawu ena - kutsata "zolaula," "nkhawa," ndi "kuonera zolaula."

Mwachiwonekere, zolaula nthawi zambiri zimakambidwa kuti: "Ndakhala ndikuwonera zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zambiri (4 nthawi zina 5 pa sabata) zaka za 6 zapitazo," munthu wina analemba. "Ndili mkatikati mwa 20 ndipo ndakhala ndi vuto lokhazikitsa ndi kukondana ndi anthu ogonana nawo kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 20 ndikuyamba kuyang'ana pa zolaula za intaneti."

48) Zithunzi Zolaula, Kusatetezeka Pazakugonana, ndi Mavuto Amtundu (2021)

Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa zotumphukira (kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa / anorgasmia) chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza.

Ophunzira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi amafotokoza zakusatetezeka kwakugonana, ndipo kuchuluka kwachitetezo chazakugonana kunaneneratu zovuta zakumapeto.

Chidziwitso cha YBOP: Pazifukwa zina, ofufuza sanafufuze kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa zovuta zolaula ndi zovuta.

49) Pafupipafupi pa Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Zotsatira Zaumoyo Wogonana ku Sweden: Kufufuza kwa Kafukufuku Wadziko Lonse (2021)

Kafukufuku woimira dziko lonse ku Sweden, adapeza kusakhutira ndi kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogonana komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kumalumikizidwa ndi zolaula katatu pamlungu kapena kupitilira apo.

Tidapeza mayanjano azolaula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito osakhutira ndi kuchuluka komanso mtundu wazogonana komanso pakati pa amuna, osakhala ndi chidwi chogonana ndikamakumana ndi mavuto.

50) Mayanjano Pakati Pazolaula Zapaintaneti Ndi Zovuta Zogonana Mwa Amuna Achinyamata: Multivariate Analysis Based on International Web-based Survey (2021)

Chidule chamsonkhano chofotokozera za kafukufukuyu lisanasindikizidwe. Zolemba zingapo:

Ofufuza ochokera ku Belgium, Denmark ndi UK adakhazikitsa mafunso pa intaneti www.yndagalat.be, yomwe idalengezedwa makamaka kwa abambo ku Belgium ndi Denmark kudzera kuma media media, zikwangwani komanso ntchentche. Amuna 3267 adayankha mafunso 118, poyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi maliseche, kuwonera pafupipafupi, ndikugonana ndi abwenzi. Mafunso amafunsidwa kwambiri kwa abambo omwe adagonana mkati mwa masabata anayi apitawa, omwe adalola kuti gululi lithe kufotokoza za kuwonera zolaula pazakugonana. Funsoli lidaphatikizira mafunso kuchokera ku ntchito wamba ya erectile ndi kafukufuku wazokhudza thanzi (onani zolemba).

Wofufuza m'mutu, Pulofesa Gunter de Win (University of Antwerp ndi University Hospital Antwerp) adati:

 “Tinaona kuti panali mayankho osiyanasiyana. Pazitsanzo zathu, abambo amaonera zolaula zambiri, pafupifupi mphindi 70 pa sabata, nthawi zambiri kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 15 panthawi imodzi, mwachionekere ena amangoyang'ana pang'ono pomwe ena amawonera kwambiri ”.

Adapezanso kuti 23% ya azibambo omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 35 omwe adayankha kafukufukuyo anali ndi vuto lina lolephera kugona atagonana ndi wokondedwa wawo.

Pulofesa de Win anati:

Chiwerengerochi chinali chokwera kuposa momwe timayembekezera. Tidapeza kuti panali ubale wofunikira pakati pa nthawi yomwe amathera kuonera zolaula ndikukulira zovuta ndi ntchito ya erectile ndi mnzake, monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi erectile ntchito komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Anthu omwe amaonera zolaula zochulukanso amakhala ndi miyeso yayikulu pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe ntchitoyi ikutanthauza komanso sizikutanthauza. Ndiwo mafunso m'malo moyesera kuchipatala, ndipo zitha kuti anthu omwe adayankha sioyimira amuna okhaokha. Komabe, ntchitoyi idapangidwa kuti ivumbulitse ubale uliwonse pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula, ndipo titapatsidwa kukula kwakukulu, titha kukhala otsimikiza za zomwe tapezazo.

Tinaona kuti 90% yaanthu ali ndi amuna omwe amafuna kuti awonere zolaula kwambiri. Palibe kukaikira kuti zolaula zimatengera momwe timawonera zogonana; Pazofufuza zathu, amuna 65 peresenti okha ndi omwe amawona kuti kugonana ndi bwenzi ndikosangalatsa kuposa kuonera zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, 20% adaona kuti akufunika kuwonera zolaula kwambiri kuti akhale ndi mwayi wofanana ndi kale. Timakhulupilira kuti mavuto a kusokonekera kwa erectile omwe amaphatikizana ndi zolaula za porn zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwaulemu.

Gawo lathu lotsatira mu kafukufukuyu kuti ndiziwone zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa erectile, ndikupanga kafukufuku wofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula za akazi. Pakadali pano, tikukhulupirira kuti madokotala omwe akukhudzana ndi vuto la erectile ayenera kufunsanso zolaula ”.

Pothirira ndemanga, Pulofesa Maarten Albersen (University of Leuven, Belgium) adati:

“Izi ndi maphunziro osangalatsa a Prof.De Win komanso anzawo. Zitsanzozo zinali makamaka za anyamata omwe amalembedwa kudzera (pa media) pazosindikiza, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zitsanzo zikhale zotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula pa intaneti. Zonse-mu-zonse, phunziroli limadzetsa kuzindikira kosangalatsa poti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa amuna kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya erectile komanso / kapena kukhutira ndi kugonana kapena kudzidalira panthawi yogonana.

Monga Pulofesa De Win akunenera, lingaliro loti zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa zitha kumveka bwino pakapita nthawi komanso kugonana-pakati pawo sikungayambitse chiwopsezo chofanana ndi zolaula. Kafukufukuyu amathandizira kutsutsana pamutuwu; akatswiri awonetsa kuti zolaula zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino komanso zoyipa, ndipo mwachitsanzo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo pothana ndi zovuta zogonana, chifukwa chake ili ndi malo omwe anthu amakangana ndipo mawu omaliza sananenedwe pamutuwu ".

Pulofesa Albersen sanachite nawo ntchitoyi, awa ndi ndemanga yoyima pawokha.

Phunziro lasindikizidwa tsopano.

Results: Malinga ndi ziwerengero zawo za IIEF-5, 21.48% (444/2067) mwa omwe adachita nawo zogonana (ie, omwe adayesa kugonana kolowera m'masabata a 4 apitawa) anali ndi digiri ya ED. Zambiri za CYPAT zomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wokulirapo wa ED, ndikuwongolera ma covariates. Kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi kumawoneka kuti sikunali kofunikira pakuwunika ED.

Kutsiliza: Kufalikira kwa ED mwa anyamata ndikwambiri, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu ndi PPC.

51) Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi: umboni wochokera pachitsanzo chachikulu chautali (2022)

Kafukufuku wamkulu yemwe adachita kafukufuku wamkulu wopitilira 20,000 olankhula Chifalansa pazaka ziwiri. Kuchokera pazotsatira:

Pakati pa amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kuwonjezereka kwa zolaula pakapita nthawi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kugonana, kusokonezeka kwa kugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana komwe kumanenedwa ndi mnzanu.

Kutengera ndi njira yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito popanga kafukufuku komanso kuwunika kwa data, ofufuzawo adati zomwe adapeza zitha kuwonetsa umboni woyambitsa:

Zomwezo zidakhalabe zomwezo, ndikuwonjezera kutsimikizika (koma osati kutsimikizika) kuti zomwe zapezazo ndizoyambitsa. 

Nkhani yokhudza ndondomeko yatsopano yothamanga: Amayi Ogonana Amakana Kuphatikizidwa ndi ED ndi Kuwuza Maliseche Ndi Vuto (2016)

52) Chizoloŵezi Chogonana Paintaneti: Kuwunika Koyenera kwa Zizindikiro za Amuna Ofunafuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Zolemba zamaphunziro:

Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo adatsimikizira kuphatikiza kwamavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupweteka kwa mbolo chifukwa chodziseweretsa maliseche kwa nthawi yayitali, erectile kukanika, ndi kutulutsa umuna msanga chifukwa cha kufooka kwa zisonkhezero zawo zakugonana, komanso kutaya chidwi pa kugonana kwabwinobwino.

Mndandanda # 2: Kafukufuku wofotokoza kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kapena kukhutira ndiubwenzi

Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku, iwo omwe akuwonetsa "kuchita bwino pokwatirana," amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino. Amanenanso zakukhumudwa pang'ono, ndipo amakhutira ndi miyoyo yawo. Komabe malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2018, mmodzi mwa awiri tsopano akukumana ndi mavuto kuyambitsa kapena kusunga ubale wapamtima.

Malingana ndi 2020, maphunziro oposa 80 adagwirizanitsa zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugonana. Ngakhale kufufuza kochepa kunagwirizanitsa ntchito zolaula zazikulu kwa akazi kuti azikhala osangalala (kapena osalowererapo) kugonana, ambiri sali (onani mndandanda uwu: Maphunziro a zochitika zokhudzana ndi akazi: Zopweteka pa kukwatira, kukondweretsa kugonana, ndi maubwenzi). Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi abambo adanenanso kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri osauka kugonana kapena kukondana. Pansipa pali magawo awiri.

• M'chigawo choyamba, mapepala 1, 2 & 3 amafufuza / kuwunika meta, kuphunzira # 4 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amayesa kusiya zolaula kwa masabata a 3, ndipo maphunziro a 5 mpaka 10 amatenga nthawi yayitali.
• Mu gawo lachiwiri maphunziro adalembedwa motsatira nthawi.

1) Zithunzi zolaula Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwanitsa: Meta-Analysis (2017)

Kusanthula kwa meta kwamaphunziro ena osiyanasiyana owunika kukhutira ndi kugonana ndi ubale kunanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana nthawi zonse kuchepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale (kukhutira pakati pa anthu). Ngakhale maphunziro ena amafotokoza zovuta zoyipa zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pazakugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale mwa akazi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti azimayi ocheperako (pakati pa anthu) amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Zomwe zikuyimira mdziko lonse kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu waku US (General Social Survey) zapeza kuti ndi azimayi 2.6% okha omwe adayendera "tsamba lachiwerewere" mwezi watha (2002-2004). Chidule:

Komabe, Kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutira pazomwe zimachitika pamagulu osiyanasiyana, kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuyesera. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhutira zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo sizinayendetsedwe ndi chaka chawo chomasulidwa kapena zolemba zawo. Koma zowonongeka ndi kugonana zinatsutsa zotsatira zofunikira kwa amuna okha.

2) Malingaliro a amayi pa zofuna zawo zolaula ndi kugonana, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi kukhutira: kumayendedwe opangidwa (2017)

Zowonjezera:

Meta yowonongeka kafukufuku wopangidwa mpaka pano makamaka imachirikiza lingaliro lakuti tAmbiri mwa amayi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro akuti wokondedwa wawo ndi wonyansa. Kufufuza kwakukulu kuphatikizapo maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kumawona abwenzi ngati ogula zolaula kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusagwirizana, kugonana, komanso kukhutira thupi. Chiyanjano chodzikhutiritsa nacho sichinakhalenso chabwino. Zotsatirazi zidanenanso kuti kukhutitsidwa kwa azimayi kumatsika m'makalata ndi malingaliro kuti akazi awo amatenga zolaula pafupipafupi.

Kuzindikira kuti amuna omwe amagonana nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana komanso kugonana.

Pomalizira, kuthekera kwa bukhu losindikizidwa kunayambanso kufufuza. Zowonongeka, zotsatira sizinawononge kuti zokopa zofalitsa ndizofunika kwambiri m'mabuku awa.

3) Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ubwenzi: Khazikitsani Njira Zazikulu Zoyendera Zowonera Zolaula ndi Njira 31 Zogwirizanirana pa Mitundu 30 Yofufuzira Zinthu (2019)

Onaninso kafukufuku wadziko lonse wa 4, kuphatikiza kukayikira komwe General Social Survey yomwe idawunika kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zachikale mwina / kapena funso: "mwawoneranso kanema wa X chaka chino". Chofunika kudziwa: Kulemba kwa wolemba kumapangidwira kuti ziwonetsetse kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikuli koipa konse, kapena kuti maubale olakwika amatha kubweretsa zolaula. Izi sizosadabwitsa monga wolemba Samuel Perry ndi "katswiri" wonyada ya tsamba loonera zolaula - www.kwenikweniyamachikimachi.com. RealYBOP ikuchita nawo kuphwanya malamulo kosamaloledwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo, ali ndi "akatswiri" omwe ali kulipidwa ndi makampani azolaula, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito akaunti yake ya twitter kuti wonyoza ndi kuzunza omwe amalankhula za zolaula. Komabe, Perry sakanatha kubisa kwathunthu kuti ubale wosauka nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula.

Zowonjezera:

Zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku woyimilira mayiko 30, omwe pamodzi anaphatikiza miyeso 31 yaubwenzi: 1973-2018 General Social Surveys (1 mobwerezabwereza); 2006 Zithunzi za American Life Study (njira 13); 2012 Phunziro la Zatsopano Zabanja Latsopano (Njira 12); ndi 2014 Ubale mu America Survey (njira 5). Izi zidaloleza mayeso 57 odziyimira pawokha omwe amayesa kuyanjana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira za ubale kwa anthu okwatirana aku America komanso mayeso odziyimira pawokha a 29 aku America osakwatirana.

Kwa anthu okwatirana komanso osakwatirana aku America chimodzimodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunali kopanda mgwirizano kapena kumayanjana molakwika ndi zotsatila zake zonse. Mayanjano ofunikira anali ochepa pocheperako. Mosiyana, kupatula kupatulapo komwe sikumadziwika bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunalumikizidwe bwino ndi ubale. Mayanjano nthawi zina amasinthidwa ndi jenda, koma m'njira zosagwirizana. Ngakhale kafukufukuyu sananene chilichonse chokhudza kuperewera, zomwe zapezedwa zikutsimikizira kuti, nthawi zina pomwe kuonera zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi chiyanjano konse, nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro cha ubale wosavomerezeka, kwa abambo ndi amayi.

4) Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012)

Phunziroli lidakhala ndi maphunziro omwe amayesa kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Kenako idafanizira magulu awiriwo. Iwo omwe akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanenanso kuti ali odzipereka kwambiri kuposa omwe anayesa kupewa. Zolemba:

Phunziro 1 linapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu kunkagwirizana ndi kudzichepetsa

Phunzirani otsogolera a 3 anapatsidwa mwachangu kuti asamawonere zolaula kapena ntchito yodziletsa. Anthu omwe adapitiliza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula amaonetsa kudzipereka kwakukulu kusiyana ndi kulamulira anthu.

Phunzirani 5 inapeza kuti zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi kusakhulupirika ndipo gululi ndilopakatikati mwa kudzipereka. Zowonongeka, zotsatira zotsatizana zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo magawo ena (Study 1), kuwonetsa (Phunziro 2), kuyesera (Phunziro 3), ndi data (Studies 4 ndi 5).

5) Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Chidule:

The Deta kuchokera ku chitsanzo chokwanira cha anthu okwatirana kumene anasonyezeratu kuti ZOYENERA kugwiritsa ntchito zili ndi zoyipa kwambiri kuposa zotsatira zabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwa amuna kunachepetsanso ntchito YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA PAKATI pa nthawi ndipo ntchito ya SEIM inachepetsa kusintha. Kuwonjezera apo, kukhutira ndi kugonana kwa amuna omwe amaloledwa kuti ZIMENE Akazi awo amagwiritsa ntchito chaka chimodzi, pamene KOMODZI KWA Akazi kwa amayi sanagwiritse ntchito kusintha kwa amuna awo.

6) Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016)

Kafukufuku woyamba wamtundu woyambira pamagulu oyimira okwatirana. Zinapeza vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakukwatirana kwa nthawi yayitali. Chidule:

Phunziroli ndilo loyamba kulumikiza pazomwe zimaimira dziko lonse, zomwe zimatengera nthawi yaitali (2006-2012 zithunzi za American Life Study) kuti aone ngati zolaula zambiri zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimakhudza khalidwe la banja pambuyo pake ndipo ngati zotsatirazi zimayesedwa ndi amuna. Mwambiri, anthu okwatirana omwe kawirikawiri ankawona zolaula ku 2006 amafotokoza khalidwe laling'ono laukwati mu 2012, osagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa khalidwe loyambirira laukwati ndi correlates. Zotsatira zolaula sizimangoyimira kukhutira ndi moyo wakugonana kapena kupanga chisankho muukwati mu 2006. Pazomwe zimakhudza kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 kudali chiwonetsero chachiwiri champhamvu chaukwati mu 2012. Zotsatira zakugwirizana zidawulula, komabe, kuti zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamakhalidwe abanja ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amuna, koma osati akazi.

Zindikirani: Pamene wolembayo adafunsidwa payekha za amai owerengeka omwe adawonetsa kukhutira ndi momwe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakula, adati:

Sindikukumbukira nambala yeniyeni yomwe inali pamwamba pamutu panga, koma ndimakumbukira kuti inali yaying'ono kwambiri.

7) Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Zokwatirana (2017)

Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito gulu lomwe likuyimira gulu la General Social Survey lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zikwi za akulu aku America. Omwe anafunsidwa anafunsidwa katatu za momwe amaonera zolaula komanso maukwati awo - zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira 2006-2010, 2008-2012, kapena 2010-2014. Zolemba:

Kuyambira zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mafunde ofufuza pafupifupi kawiri mwayi wokhala wosudzulana ndi nthawi yotsatira, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 11 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu kwa azimayi, kuyambira 6 peresenti mpaka 16 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zimasonyeza kuti kuonerera zolaula, muzochitika zina, zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pazakhazikika m'banja. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusiya zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mafunde omwe amafufuzidwa ndi maulendo ang'onoang'ono osudzulana, koma azimayi okha.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adawona kuti omwe adayankha omwe adafunsidwa kuti ali ndi chisangalalo chokwatirana adachita gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira kukula kwa kuyanjana ndi zolaula zomwe zingachitike posudzulana. Mwa anthu omwe adanena kuti anali "osangalala kwambiri" muukwati wawo pamafunde oyamba, kuwonera zolaula zisanachitike kafukufukuyu adalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu - kuchokera pa 3% mpaka 12% - mwayi woti banja lithe posachedwa kafukufuku wotsatira uja.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera zinasonyezanso kuti Chiyanjano pakati pa kuonera zolaula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuthekera kwa kusudzulana kunali kwakukulu makamaka pakati pa achinyamata a ku America, omwe sanali achipembedzo, komanso omwe anafotokoza kuti banja lawo linali losangalala kwambiri.

8) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kujambula pa deta kuchokera ku ma 2006 ndi 2012 mafunde a zithunzi zoimira dziko la American Life Study, nkhaniyi inafotokoza ngati anthu okwatirana a ku America amene ankawona zolaula ku 2006, kaya nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zambiri, amakhala osiyana ndi 2012. Kusanthula kwazinthu zamagulu zolimbitsa thupi zasonyezedwa kuti Achimerika omwe anakwatira omwe ankaona zolaula konse mu 2006 anali oposa kawiri ngati omwe omwe sadawonere zolaula kuti adzipatsidwe ndi 2012, ngakhale atatha kuyang'anira chisangalalo cha 2006 m'banja komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana kwabwino. Chiyanjano pakati pa zolaula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso kupatukana kwa banja, komabe, inali yodziwika bwino. Mkwati wopatukana m'banja ndi 2012 ukuwonjezeka ndi zolaula za 2006 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakana pa zochitika zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

9) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati anthu a ku Amerika omwe amawonetsa zolaula, nthawi zonse kapena zambiri, amatha kufotokozera zakugonana kwa nthawi. Deta yamtundu wautali inatengedwa kuchokera ku ma 2006 ndi 2012 mafunde a zithunzi zoimira dziko la American Life Study. Kusanthula kwa chiwerengero cha kugonana kwabanthu kunasonyeza kuti Anthu a ku America amene ankaonera zolaula konse ku 2006 anali ochepa kwambiri ngati omwe sanaonepo zithunzi zolaula kuti adziwe kuti akugonana ndi 2012, ngakhale atayesetsa kuchita zinthu monga 2006 ndi maubwenzi ena. Kuyanjana uku kunali kolimba kwambiri kwa amuna kusiyana ndi akazi ndi Ammerika osakwatira kusiyana ndi Achimereka okwatirana. Kufufuza komweku kunasonyezanso mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa momwe America amawonera zolaula ku 2006 komanso zovuta zawo zogonana ndi 2012.

10) Zithunzi zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Ukwati Kulowa Pakati pa Okalamba Achikulire: Zotsatira Zophunzira Pagulu la Achinyamata Achimerika (2018)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuza izi mwa njira yosiyana pofufuza (1) kaya zolaula zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polowera m'banja nthawi yayitali komanso (2) ngati mgwirizanowu ukuyendetsedwa ndi amuna ndi akazi komanso ziphunzitso ziwiri, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zonsezi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ukwati wapabanja. Deta zapamwamba zinkatengedwa kuchokera ku mafunde 1, 3, ndi 4 a National Study of Youth and Religion, maphunziro oimira dziko lonse a Amwenye ochokera kudziko lawo kuyambira zaka zaunyamata mpaka zaka zambiri (N = 1,691). Iwo ankadziwidwa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafunde oyambirira angayambe kukonda kugonana komwe kungapangitse kuti banja liziyenda bwino ngati malo, ndipo, makamaka kwa amuna achipembedzo, akhoza kulepheretsa ukwati kukhala "wololedwa" kukhala wogonana.

Zotsatira zinatsimikizira kuti, poyerekeza ndi ziwonetsero zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafilimu apamwamba owonetseratu akugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala achikulire akugwirizanitsidwa ndi mwayi wochepa waukwati ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a amuna, koma osati amayi. Kusonkhana uku sikunayendezedwe ndi chipembedzo chifukwa cha amuna kapena akazi.

Maphunziro otsalawa adatchulidwa ndi tsiku lofalitsidwa:

1) Zotsatira za Kusungunuka kwa Amuna Achichepere Kuwoneka Kwambiri kwa Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna (1984) - Ndemanga:

Omaliza maphunziro achimuna amawonetsedwa (a) zochitika zachilengedwe kapena (b) okongola motsutsana (c) ndi akazi osakopa mukamakopeka ndi kugonana. Pambuyo pake, adayesa kukondana ndi atsikana anzawo ndikuwunika kukhutira ndi anzawo. Pazithunzi zofananira zamatupi athupi lathyathyathya kudzera m'mawere ndi matako a hypervoluptuous, kuwonekera kwa akazi okongola kumalepheretsa pempholo la okwatirana, pomwe kuwonekera kwa akazi osakopa kumawonjezera izi. Pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi okongola, kukongola kwa okwatirana kudatsika kwambiri pamayeso omwe adapangidwa atawonekera kwa akazi osakopa; mtengowu umakhala pakatikati pambuyo pakuwonekera. Kusintha kwa chidwi cha okwatirana sikunafanane ndi kusintha kokhutira ndi okwatirana, komabe.

2) Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zambiri Pakati pa Makhalidwe Abanja (1988)- Ndemanga:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumutsidwa anadziwika ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe si zachilendo kapena zosavomerezeka. Chiwonetsero chinali mu magawo ola lililonse mu masabata asanu otsatira. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adagwirizana nawo mosagwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu komanso zosangalatsa zawo. Ukwati, mgwirizano wokondana, ndi nkhani zowonjezereka zinaweruzidwa pafunso lofunika kwambiri la funso-la-Marriage. Zomwe anapeza zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.

Kuwonetsetsa kunayambitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa kugonana koyambirira kapena kosakwatirana komanso kulekerera kwambiri kugonana kosagwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Chimalimbikitsa chikhulupiliro chakuti chiwerewere ndi chachiwerewere ndi chachibadwa komanso kuti kuponderezedwa kwa chiwerewere kumawopsa. Chiwonetsero chimachepetsa kuyesa kwaukwati, kupanga chionetsero ichi kukhala chosafunika kwambiri komanso chosatheka kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Kuwonetsetsa kunachepetsanso chilakolako chokhala ndi ana komanso kulimbikitsa kuvomereza kulamulidwa kwa amuna komanso ukapolo wazimayi. Ndi zochepa zochepa, zotsatirazi zinali zunifolomu kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe anafunsidwa komanso kwa ophunzira komanso osaphunzira.

3) Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988) - Ndemanga:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumutsidwa anadziwika ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe si zachilendo kapena zosavomerezeka. Chiwonetsero chinali mu magawo ola lililonse mu masabata asanu otsatira. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adagwirizana nawo mosagwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu komanso zosangalatsa zawo. [Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziwonetsera nokha pa chidziwitso cha kugonana. Pambuyo poona zithunzi zolaula, nkhani zinkakhutira kwambiri ndi anzawo omwe amagwirizana nawo makamaka, ndi chikondi chawo, maonekedwe awo, chilakolako chogonana, ndi kugonana koyenera. Kuonjezera apo, maphunziro omwe anapatsidwa anawonjezera kufunika kwa kugonana popanda kukhudzidwa mtima. Izi zotsatira zake zinali zunifolomu kudutsa amuna ndi akazi.

4) Chikoka cha anthu ambiri otchuka pa ziweruzo za alendo komanso okwatirana (1989) - Ndemanga:

Kuyesera 2, nkhani zamwamuna ndi zazimayi zimawonekera kuti azigonana ndi amuna anzawo. Phunziro lachiwiri, panali kugwirizana kwa kugonana ndi chikhalidwe chokhudzidwa pa zokopa za kugonana. Zowonongeka zowonongeka kwapakati zimapezeka kwa amuna okhaokha omwe amawonekera kwa nkhono zazimayi. Amuna amene adapeza PlayboyZomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zimakhala zokondweretsa zokha zokha zokhala ndi chikondi chochepa ndi akazi awo.

5) Maulendo a abambo ndi amayi: Zotsatira zolaula pazimayi (1999) - Ndemanga:

Gawo la kuyankhulana komwe amayi adakambirana za ubale wawo wamakono kapena wam'mbuyo ndi amuna adatulukanso kumvetsetsa za zotsatira za zolaula pazoyanjana. Azimayi khumi ndi asanu analipo, kapena adakhalapo, akuyanjana ndi amuna omwe adabwereka kapena kugula zolaula nthawi zina. Mwa akaziwa a 15, anayi adasonyeza kuti sakukondwera ndi chidwi cha nthawi yocheza ndi mwamuna kapena mnzawo pa zolaula. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa amuna kunakhudza akazi, kudzikonda kwawo, ndi maukwati awo

6) Zomwe Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Zithunzi Zolaula (2004) - Ndemanga:

Deta yonse pa osuta pa intaneti ya 531 imachotsedwa ku General Social Surveys kwa 2000. Zolinga zamtundu wina zimaphatikizapo mgwirizano wachipembedzo, ukwati, ndi ndale. Njira zogwirira nawo mbali zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kulamulira kwa anthu akuphatikizidwa. Zotsatira za kusanthula kayendedwe ka zinthu anapeza kuti mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito cyberporn anali mgwirizano wofooka ku chipembedzo komanso kusowa kwa banja losangalala.

7) Kugonana ku America Online: Kufufuza za kugonana, Chikhalidwe cha m'banja, ndi kugonana pa Intaneti pakufuna kugonana ndi zotsatira zake (2008) - Chidule:

Izi zinali kufufuza za kugonana ndi ubale kufunafuna pa intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa anthu a 15,246 omwe anafunsidwa ku United States makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu mwa amuna ndi 41% azimayi anali ataonerera kapena kukopera zolaula. Amuna ndi anyamata kapena atsikana omwe amakhala ndi mwayi wochita zolaula kapena kuchita zinthu zina zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti poyerekeza ndi zovuta kapena akazi. Chiyanjano chogwirizana chinawululidwa pakati pa abambo ndi amai chifukwa chakuwona zolaula, pomwe azimayi amafotokoza zoyipa zina, kuphatikiza kutsika kwa thupi, mnzake wotsutsa matupi awo, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuchita zomwe zimawonetsedwa m'mafilimu olaula, komanso kugonana kwenikweni, pomwe Amuna akuti amadandaula kwambiri za thupi la anzawo komanso samakonda zogonana.

8) Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009) - Ndemanga:

Pakati pa May 2006 ndi May 2007, tinayambitsa kafukufuku wamagulu atatu pakati pa achinyamata a 1,052 Dutch omwe ali ndi zaka 13-20. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito adawulula kuti kuwonetsa kwa ZINTHU nthawi zonse kunachepetsanso kugonana kwa achinyamata. Kugonjetsa kugonana kwabwino (mu Wave 2) kunachulukitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito ZOONA (mu Wave 3). Zotsatira za KUKHULUPIRIRA pa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana sizinali zosiyana pakati pa anyamata ndi anyamata.

9) Akazi Amakumana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Chinyengo ndi Chinyengo Monga Chophatikizapo Choopsya Pachibwenzi Chachikulu Chachiwiri (2009) - Ndemanga:

Umboni ukukula kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingasokoneze ubwenzi wothandizana ndi chibwenzi cholimba. Imafufuza zovuta zitatu zokhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe amuna amagwiritsa ntchito komanso chinyengo: (1) kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzere wolakwika muubwenzi, womwe umachokera pakukhulupirika kusakhulupirika; (2) ndikutsatiridwa ndi kukulumikizana kwakukulira komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kutalika kwa akazi ndikudzimasula kwa amuna awo; (3) kufika pachimake pakuphatikizika chifukwa chokhala otetezeka m'maganizo komanso m'maganizo. Ponseponse, akazi adanenanso zakusadalirana padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zikuwonetsa kusokonezeka.

10) Kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ogonana komanso kugwirizana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (2010)

Kugawana zolaula kunali bwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ndekha. Koma ndi mabanja angati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula limodzi? Osachuluka kwambiri. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhalabe koipa kwa amuna. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momwe kugonana kwagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mmodzi kapena onse awiri a dyad wachikondi kumakhudzana ndi ubale ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana. Onse okwatirana a 217 okwatirana amatha kuchita kafukufuku wa pa Intaneti omwe amawonetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zogonana, chiyanjano ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana, ndi mitundu ya anthu. Zotsatira zinawulula kuti pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito zanema pakugwiritsa ntchito amuna kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi amuna, pamene nthawi yayitali Kugwiritsa ntchito atolankhani azimayi zokhudzana ndi kukhutira ndi amuna anzawo. Zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito zogonana zimasiyanasiyana ndi amuna: Amuna amanena kuti makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito maliseche, pamene akazi amawagwiritsa ntchito makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula monga gawo la kukondana ndi abwenzi awo. Kugawidwa kwa mafilimu opatsirana pogonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutira kwapamwamba pakati pa kugonana poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha.

11) Kufufuza ojambula ndi othandizana nawo za kugonana pakati pa okwatirana (2010) - Ndemanga:

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachinsinsi yogwirizanitsa kugonana, timalingalira momwe kusakhulupirika, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, kukhutira m'banja, chiwerewere, kugonana musanalowe m'banja, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndizokwatirana ndi anthu okwatirana. Deta kuchokera kwa maanja a 433 amafufuzidwa ndi machitidwe omwe ali ofanana kuti apeze zopereka. Pomalizira pake, umboni wina umasonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti munthu ndi mkazi wake akwaniritsidwe, makamaka pamene zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwamuna mmodzi yekha.

12) Anthu omwe sanamvepo SEM adanena kuti chikhalidwe chapamwamba pa chiyanjano chili chonse kuposa omwe anawona SEM yekha (2011) - Ndemanga:

Monga momwe zilili, anthu omwe sanagone SEM (zolaula) amatha kulankhulana molakwika komanso kudzipatulira kwapadera kusiyana ndi anthu omwe ankawona SEM okha kapena onse awiri komanso wokondedwa wawo.

13) Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011) - Zolemba:

Ntchito zamakono zoonetsa kugonana (SEM) zogonana zinkakhudzana ndi kugonana kochepa komanso kukondana. Pafupipafupi momwe SEM imagwiritsira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya SEM yowonedwa onsewa anali okhudzana ndi zokonda zakugonana zamtundu wamachitidwe ogonana omwe amapezeka mu SEM. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEM kumatha kugwira ntchito yayikulu pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zachitukuko cha achinyamata.

Mwachindunji, maulendo apamwamba owonetsera anali ogwirizanitsa ndi kugonana kosachepera ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano pamene akulamulira za chikhalidwe, chipembedzo, chibwenzi ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu ya SEM.

Chifukwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha achinyamata mu phunziroli chinanena kuti akugwiritsa ntchito SEM, zomwe zingatanthauzidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka kwa anyamata.

14) Kuwona Zida Zogonana Pokha Pokha Kapena Palimodzi: Maubwenzi ndi Relationship Quality (2011)- Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu anafufuzanso mabungwe pakati pa kuyang'ana zinthu zolaula (SEM) ndi ubale wogwira ntchito mwachitsanzo cha anthu osakwatirana a 1291 mu chibwenzi. Amuna ambiri (76.8%) kuposa akazi (31.6%) adanena kuti anawona SEM okha, koma pafupifupi theka la abambo ndi amai nthawi zina amawona SEM ndi anzawo (44.8%).

Ianthu omwe sanagonepo SEM adanena kuti chikhalidwe chapamwamba pa chiyanjano chili chonse kusiyana ndi omwe ankawona SEM okha. Anthu omwe anawona SEM okha ndi anzawo adalengeza kudzipatulira ndi kukweza kugonana kusiyana ndi omwe ankawona SEM okha. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa omwe sanayambe awonapo SEM ndi omwe amawawona okha ndi anzawo ndikuti iwo omwe sanawonepo anali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kusakhulupirika.

15) Zithunzi zolaula ndi kusudzulana (2011)- Ndemanga:

Timayesa ngati zolaula zimayambitsa kusudzulana. Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chapadera pa chilekano ndi malonda a magazini ya Playboy, tikulemba mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa zochitika za Playboy ndi chiwerengero cha kusudzulana. Kuphatikizana kosavuta pakati pa chilekano ndi malonda ogulitsa zaka ziwiri ndi 44 peresenti, ndi chiwerengero cha T cha 20. Kulumikizana kwakukuluku kwakukulu kogwiritsira ntchito gawo limodzi loyamba la zitsanzo, kusinthika kwa chikhalidwe chonse cha boma ndi nthawi zonse zomwe zikuchitika kuphatikizapo boma ndi chaka chosokoneza zotsatira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwasinthidwe kukonzekera malonda onse a Playboy. Ma Divorce amafanana kwambiri ndi malonda a Penthouse koma sakugwirizana ndi malonda a Time magazine. Zomwe tikuganiza kuti zithunzi zolaula zimayambitsa 10 peresenti ya kusudzulana konse ku United States m'ma 60ties ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri.

16) Mauthenga Amayi Akazi Achikulire Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula za Amuna Awo Achikondi Amagwiritsira ntchito ngati Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubale Wawo, ndi Kugonana Kwaokha (2012) - Ndemanga:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza chiyanjano pakati pa zolaula za amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito mafupipafupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta, pazochita zawo zogonana ndi akazi anzawo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu a 308. Zotsatira zinawulula kuti akazi akuwonetsa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lawo. Maganizo ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amatsutsana kwambiri ndi kudzidalira, khalidwe la ubale, ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana.

17) Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ndani amagwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe zimakhudzira zotsatira zake (2013) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu adawunika mayanjano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, tanthauzo lomwe anthu amalumikizana nalo, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Ophunzira nawo anali maanja (N = 617 maanja) omwe anali okwatirana kapena akukhalira limodzi nthawi yomwe deta imasonkhanitsidwa. Zotsatira zakufukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi malinga ndi mbiri yakugwiritsa ntchito, komanso mayanjano azolaula ndi ubale. Mwachindunji, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi khalidwe logonana, pomwe zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere lachikazi.

18) Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti ndi Kuwona kwa Akazi pa Kugonana Kwambiri (Extramarital Sex): Phunziro Lofufuza (2013) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu adawunika kuyanjana pakati pa azimayi achikulire aku US pakuwona zolaula pa intaneti komanso malingaliro azakugonana kunja kwa banja pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi General Social Survey (GSS). Kugwirizana pakati pa mafilimu oonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi malingaliro abwino ogonana osakwatirana anapezeka.

19) Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso khalidwe lachiwerewere pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a ku Norway omwe ali ndi zosiyana zogonana (2013)

Zobisika mu phunziroli: Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa abambo zimalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa pakugonana (kapena "kusakhutira kwakukulu pakugonana").

20) Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014) - Zolemba:

Tinagwiritsa ntchito deta pa 20,000 akulu omwe anakwatiranapo mu General Social Survey kuti aone mgwirizano pakati pa mafilimu owonetsa zolaula ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za umoyo wabwino. Tapeza kuti akuluakulu omwe adawonera kanema ya X-ray m'zaka zapitazi anali otheka kuthetsa banja, mwina anali ndi zibwenzi, ndipo sankanena kuti akusangalala ndi banja lawo kapena mokondwera. [Phunziro lathu] linapezanso kuti, kwa amuna, zolaula zasokoneza ubale wabwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kugonana ndi chimwemwe.

Pomaliza, tinapeza kuti kugonana kolakwika pakati pa zolaula ndizokwanira, nthawi zonse, zimakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi, pomwe zolaula zakhala zosavuta komanso zosavuta.

21) Kuposa chigwirizano? Kuonera zolaula komanso kugonana kosakwatirana pakati pa anthu akuluakulu a ku America (2014) - Zolemba:

Lipoti lalifupili linagwiritsa ntchito deta ya dziko lonse yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu awiri omwe ali okwatirana a US. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo choyamba ku 2006 ndi ku 2008. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo chachiwiri ku 2008 ndi ku 2010. Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu pa zamalonda, Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula koyambirira kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi malingaliro abwino okhudza kugonana kwa abambo m'zochitika ziwirizi, ngakhale atagonjetsa maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana kwa extramarital ndi mavuto ena asanu ndi anayi omwe angakhale nawo.

Zonsezi, zotsatira za phunziroli zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti zolaula zimayambitsa kupeza ndi kuvomereza zolemba zogonana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kuti adziwe maganizo awo okhudza kugonana (Wright, 2013a; Wright et al., 2012a).

22) Zithunzi zolaula za Amuna a ku Korea zimagwiritsa ntchito, Chidwi chawo pa zolaula zoopsa kwambiri, ndi kugonana kwa Dyadic (2014) - Ndemanga:

Anthu mazana asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi akugonana a ku South Korean ophunzira akuphunzira nawo pa intaneti. Ambiri (84.5%) a omwe anafunsidwa adawona zolaula, komanso kwa iwo omwe adagonana (470 ayankha), wE anapeza kuti chidwi chochuluka pa zolaula kapena zolaula zimakhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mnzawo, komanso kukonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga chisangalalo chogonana chifukwa chogonana ndi mnzanu.

Tidapeza kuti chidwi chachikulu pakuwona zolaula kapena zonyansa kwambiri ... zili ndi zabwino ... zogwirizana ndi zovuta zakugonana.

23) Zithunzi zolaula ndi zolemba za amuna ndi akazi: Kufufuza za kugonana ndi kugonana (2014) - Ndemanga:

Timanena kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigonana omwe amatsogolera zochitika zogonana. Poyesa izi, tidasanthula amuna aku 487 aku koleji (azaka 18-29 zaka) ku United States kuti tifanizire kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe amakonda pazakugonana. Zotsatira zinawonetsa zolaula zomwe munthu amawonera, nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere, kupempha zachiwerewere zamugonana ndi mnzake, kudzimana mwadala zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana kuti agonane, ndikukhala ndi nkhawa ndi zomwe amachita pogonana komanso thupi chithunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri sikugwirizana ndi kusangalala ndi kugonana komwe kumagonana.

24) Maganizo, Zachibale, ndi Zogonana Zogonana Zogwiritsa Ntchito Amuna Amuna Amodzi Amuna Amodzi Amuna Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Amodzi Amakondana (2014) - Ndemanga:

Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwunika zomwe zidanenedwa (mwachitsanzo, kusamvana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso masitayilo aphatikizi) ndi zotsatirapo (mwachitsanzo, ubale wosauka komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana) kwa zolaula zomwe amuna amagwiritsa ntchito pakati pa amuna achikulire a 373 ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zakafukufuku zasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zinkakhudzana ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amai ndi abambo, mikhalidwe yowonjezera yowopsya komanso yowopsya, khalidwe losagwirizana la ubale, komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana. Kuonjezera apo, zofukufukuzo zinapereka chithandizo cha njira yophatikiziridwa yolimbana pakati pa amai ndi abambo omwe adagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zaukwati mwachindunji ndi mwachindunji kudzera muzithunzi zojambulidwa ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

25) Mgwirizano pakati pa chiwerewere chogonana, zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuvomereza zithunzi zolaula pakati pa ophunzira a ku koleji a US (2014) - Ndemanga:

Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achikulire omwe akubwera 792, kafukufuku wapano adawunika momwe kuwunika kwa zolaula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuvomereza, komanso machitidwe ogonana muubwenzi kungapereke chidziwitso pakukula kwa achikulire omwe akutuluka. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso njira zovomerezeka.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo kugonana mkati mwa chiyanjano ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe okwera.

Zithunzi zolaula zogonana zogwiritsira ntchito sizinagwirizane ndi kugonana muzochita zogonana mu chiyanjano ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino.

26)  Buku la Msonkhano Wapachaka wa IASR Wolemba Zakale - Dubrovnik, Hrvatska, 25.-28. lipnja, 2014

Uku ndikunikira kwaubwino woperekedwa ndi Landripet ndi Stulhofer pamsonkhano wachiwerewere. Ofufuza awiriwa adasindikiza gawo za deta zawo mu "kulankhulana mwachidule" zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti sizimagwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi mavuto azakugonana. M'malo mwake, "kulumikizana mwachidule" sikunena za mgwirizano wofunikira womwe watchulidwa mu pepala lawo: Ndi 40% yokha ya amuna achi Portuguese omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula "pafupipafupi, pomwe 60% ya anthu aku Norway adachita zolaula" pafupipafupi. " Amuna achi Portuguese anali nawo zochepa kwambiri Kulephera kugonana kuposa anthu aku Norway. Posunthira modabwitsa, Landripet & Stulhofer adasiya kulumikizana kwina katatu pakati pa zolaula ndi zovuta zakugonana zomwe adapereka pa msonkhano wa Dubrovnik:

Komabe, zolaula zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono koma zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chiwongolero cha kugonana pakati pa akazi ogonana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi zibwenzi komanso zachiwerewere zomwe zimafala pakati pa amayi.

Kufotokozera zosankha za mitundu yolaula zinkakhudzana kwambiri ndi erectile, koma osati kukakamiza amuna kapena akazi okhudzana ndi kugonana.

Kuyimitsa

Izi zikunena kuti Landripet & Stulhofer adasankha kusiya kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kukanika kwa erectile ndi zokonda zamtundu wina wa zolaula papepala lawo "lalifupi". Ndizofala kwambiri kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakula kukhala mitundu yosagwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda pachiwerewere. Zimakhala zachizolowezi kuti azikhala ndi ED pamene zolaula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zogonana sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi zogonana. Monga tawonetsera ndondomekoyi ya mabukuwa (ndi kutsutsa uku kwa Landripet & Stulhofer), ndikofunikira kuti muone kusiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zolaula - osati maola okha mwezi wathawu, kapena kawirikawiri chaka chatha.

27) Zinthu Zoweneratu Kugwiritsira Ntchito Pa Intaneti pogonana ndi Mavuto Popanga Maubale Ochezeka pakati pa Ogwiritsira Ntchito Amuna Kapena Akazi Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zogonana pa Intaneti (2015) - Ndemanga:

Phunziroli linagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo, kukonda zojambula zolaula, komanso mafunso okhudza chibwenzi pakati pa anthu a 267 (192 amuna ndi akazi a 75) amatanthauza zaka 28 ndi akazi a 25 omwe adatumizidwa ku malo apadera omwe adzipereka ku zolaula ndi Intaneti pa intaneti.

Zotsatira zowonongeka Kusanthula kunasonyeza kuti zolaula, chiwerewere, ndi mauthenga a pa Intaneti zimatanthauzanso mavuto ambiri mu chiyanjano ndipo adawerengera 66.1% ya kusiyana kwa chiwerengero pafunso lachibwenzi. Chachiwiri, kulamulira Kusanthula kunasonyezanso kuti kulakalaka zolaula, kugonana, ndi mavuto pakupanga mgwirizano wapamtima kunaneneratu kuti nthawi zambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Intaneti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. ndipo adawerengera 83.7% ya kusiyana kwa kuwerengera kwa kugwiritsira ntchito cybersex.

28) Male Partners 'Zithunzi Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito Ubale Wachibale ndi Wokhudzana ndi Maganizo a Anthu: Ntchito ya Chikhulupiriro, Maganizo, ndi Investment (2015) - Ndemanga:

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe amayi amanena zokhudza amuna awo "zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa chiyanjano komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa zambiri. Zotsatira za kufufuza koyezetsa magazi zimasonyeza kuti zochitika zowonongeka za amuna omwe amadziwa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwirizana ndi chikhulupiliro komanso zochitika zosavomerezeka za amuna kapena akazi omwe amadziona kuti ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhutira ndi chiyanjano komanso kukhumudwa kwapakati pazinthu zogonana.

Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pamene abambo amadziwa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amayi omwe ali otsika kapena otanthawuza maukwati omwe ali ndi chibwenzi amakhala ndi chibwenzi chochepa. Potsirizira pake, zotsatira zathu zasonyeza kuti ubale pakati pa amuna ndi akazi umadziwika kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zotsatira za ubale ndi zamaganizo ziripo mosasamala kanthu za momwe amai amaonera zolaula

29) Kugwirizana kwa chikondi ndi kukwatirana m'banja ndi zolaula pakati pa ophunzira a ku yunivesite ku Birjand, Iran (2015)- Zolemba:

Maphunzirowa anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ophunzila a 310 omwe amaphunzira ku masunivesite apadera ndi apamwamba ku Birjand, m'chaka cha maphunziro cha 2012-2013 pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka. Zikuwoneka kuti zolaula zimakhudza chikondi ndi kukwatirana.

30) Kuchokera Kuipa Kuipa? Kuonera zolaula, Kugonana Zipembedzo, Kugonana, ndi Ukwati (2016) - Zolemba:

Ndikuyesa zomwe zili pamwambazi pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku Wave 1 ya Portraits of American Life Study (PALS), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2006. PALS ndi kafukufuku wofufuza dziko lonse wokhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi mitu yosiyanasiyana…. Kuyang'ana kulumikizana kwamitundu iwiri, pazitsanzo zonse, Kuonerera zolaula kumagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi chisangalalo chonse cha banja, kutanthauza kuti awo amene amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhutira muukwati wawo kusiyana ndi omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri kapena

31) Kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano ndi chiyanjano ndi ntchito yochepetsera yogwirizana? (2016)

Olembawo adayesa kubisa zomwe apeza mu cholembedwacho ponena kuti kamodzi zogonana ndi ubale "zidawongoleredwa," sanapeze kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutira ndiubwenzi. Zoona: Kafukufukuyu adapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi ubale wosauka komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Chidule cha gawo lazokambirana:

Kwa amuna ndi akazi, zofunikira zenizeni, koma zodzichepetsa zero zogwirizana pakati pa SEM ndikugwirizanitsa chiyanjano zinapezedwa, zosonyeza kuti kuwonjezereka kwa SEM kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwirizanitsa chiyanjano pakati pa chiwerewere.

32) Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pazochita zogonana (2016) - Ndemanga:

Chiwerengero cha 51.6% cha ophunzira omwe ankadziwa kuti amuna awo anali oyang'anira abwino omwe amawonetsa kuti anali ndi maganizo oipa (kuvutika maganizo, nsanje), pamene 77% adawauza kusintha kwa maganizo a amuna awo. Osindikiza alonda anali okhutira ndi moyo wawo wogonana poyerekeza ndi anzawo. Ngakhale kuyang'ana zolaula zolaula zinkakhudza kwambiri chilakolako cha kugonana, kutentha kwa m'mimba, kukwanitsa kufika pamimba, ndi kuseweretsa maliseche, kunalibe zotsatira zowerengeka pafupipafupi. Kuwona zolaula zolaula zimakhudza moyo wa kugonana kwa amayi poonjezera kugonana kwa abambo ndi abambo, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto.

32) Kulumikizana, Kugwiritsa Ntchito, ndi Kukondana Kwagwirizano pakati pa Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2016)- Ndemanga:

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kovomerezeka pakugawana zolaula kumalumikizidwa bwino ndi zolaula zomwe okwatiranawo amagwiritsa ntchito komanso kuti zolaula zomwe okwatirana amachita zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kwawo pakugonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa akazi kunapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa kukhutira ndi kugonana kwa anthu awiriwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunayanjanitse kwambiri ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuvomereza zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana.

34) Kusiyanasiyana kwa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Pakati pa Anthu Okwatirana: Zogwirizana ndi Kukhutira, Kukhazikika, ndi Kuyanjana (2016)- Ndemanga:

Phunziroli likugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha maukwati akuluakulu a 1755 mu maukwati ogonana ndi amuna okhaokha kuti aone momwe zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito pakati pa zibwenzi zingathe kugwirizana ndi zotsatira za ubale. Ngakhale kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsatira zoipa komanso zabwino, palibe phunziro lomwe lafufuza momwe kusiyana pakati pa zibwenzi kungakhazikitsire ubale wabwino.

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa okondedwa awo pa zolaula zogwiritsidwa ntchito zinali zokhudzana ndi kukhala osakwatirana, osachepera, osankhulana bwino, komanso achibale ambiri. Kupakatirana Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizana zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chokwanira chogonana, kugonana kwachikazi, komanso kulankhulana bwino kwa onse awiri omwe adaneneratu kuti akugwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi.

35) Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti Kuchita ndi Kugonjera Kudzipereka kwa Anthu Okwatirana a ku Filipino (2016) - Ndemanga:

Zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti zili ndi mavuto ambiri, makamaka ku mgwirizano wa chiyanjano. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa kugonana. Choncho, izi zikhoza kufooketsa ubale wawo. Kuti adziwe kufunikira kwa zomwe akunenazo, ochita kafukufukuyu adafuna kufufuza za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa chiyanjano cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali pabanja ku Philippines.

Zavumbulutsidwa kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kuli ndi mavuto aakulu pa chiyanjano cha chiyanjano cha mabanja okwatirana achi Filipino. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyang'ana zolaula pa intaneti kunachepetsera mgwirizano womwe umayambitsa ubale wosakhazikika. Kafukufukuyu adawona kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kuli ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa chiyanjano cha kugonana kwa anthu a ku Philippines omwe ali pa banja.

36) Maganizo a chiyanjano cha chiyanjano ndi khalidwe loledzera: Kuyerekeza zolaula ndi cigologolo ntchito (2016) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu amathandizira kuti mabuku ambiri azithunzi azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula. [Iwunikira] ngati zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za wokondedwa wanu ndizosiyana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapangidwa ndimakhalidwe ena okakamiza kapena osokoneza bongo, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito chamba. Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti zovuta zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chibwibwi kumagwirizanitsa ndi chiyanjano cha chikondi komanso kumachepetsa chiyanjano.

37) Zotsatira za zinthu zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazondomeko za chikondi (2016)- Zolemba:

Makamaka, maanja, pomwe palibe amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito, adanena kukondwa kwambiri ndi chibwenzi kusiyana ndi mabanja omwe anali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale (Cooper et al., 1999; Manning, 2006), kusonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito payekha zolaula kumabweretsa mavuto.

Chifukwa cha kugonana komwe kumagwiridwa nthawi zonse, ogwiritsira ntchito pawokha amasonyeza kuti sakugwirizana kwambiri ndi kudzipereka mu ubale wawo kusiyana ndi osagwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa nawo ntchito.

Kwachidziwikire, ndi kangati munthu yemwe amawona zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana zingakhudze zotsatira za ogwiritsira ntchito. Phunziro lathu linapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi amakhala ndi chiyanjano chokwanira komanso chiyanjano mu chibwenzi chawo.

38) Cyberpornography: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi, Kusokonezeka Kwachizolowezi, Kugonana, ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2016) - Ndemanga:

Choyamba, ngakhale pamene kulamulira kwa chizoloŵezi chololedwa ndi cyberpornography ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kugonana konse, ntchito ya cyberpornography inagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kusakhutira pa kugonana. Ngakhale kuti mgwirizano wolakwikawu unali waung'ono, nthawi yomwe amaonera cyberpornography zikuwoneka kuti ndizokwanira kugonjetsa kugonana kosachepera.

39) Mkhalidwe wa Ubale ukuwonetseratu kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pakati pa amuna ndi akazi achi China omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Relationships) (2016) - Ndemanga:

Phunziroli, tafufuza zochitika za kugonana pa Intaneti (OSA) za abambo ndi amai a Chi China pochita mgwirizano wapadera, poganizira za makhalidwe a OSA ndi zomwe zimachititsa abambo ndi amai kukhala ndi zibwenzi zokhazikika kuti achite nawo ma OSA. Pafupifupi 89% mwa ophunzirawo anafotokoza zochitika za OSA m'miyezi yapitayi ya 12 ngakhale pamene anali ndi mnzako weniweni. Monga ananenedweratu, anthu omwe ali ndi ubale wapansi m'moyo weniweni, kuphatikizapo kugonana kochepa, kusungika kosasungika, ndi kuyankhulana kosayenera, amachita nawo ma OSA mobwerezabwereza. Zonsezi, zotsatira zathu zimasonyeza kuti zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza kusakhulupirika kwachinsinsi kunja zingakhudzenso kusakhulupirika kwa intaneti.

40) Udindo wa Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusakhulupirika Kwa Misonkhano pakati pa Ubwenzi, Chophatikizapo, ndi Amuna ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2017) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zathu zasonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zokhudzana ndi kugonana poonjezera kusakhulupirika kwachinyengo.

Zithunzi zolaula zinkakhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna, komabe kwabwino kwa amayi. Kwa amuna, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilakolako chakugonana, kukondweretsa, ndi kukondweretsa. Komabe, zotsatirazi zingapangitse kuti chilakolako chogonana chisachepetse mnzawo komanso kuchepetsa kugonana pakati pa anthu awiriwa.

41) Kukula kwa Zovuta Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu (PPCS) (2017)

Cholinga cha pepalali chinali kukhazikitsa mafunso ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Pochita izi munaphatikizapo kutsimikizira zida. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti zambiri pazogwiritsira ntchito zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kukhutira pogonana. Chidule:

Kukhutira ndi moyo wokhudzana ndi kugonana kunali kolekanitsa komanso koyenderana ndi PPCS.

42) Kuonera Zithunzi Zogonana Zogonana ku United States Malinga ndi Ukwati Wosankha ndi Moyo Wanu, Ntchito ndi Ndalama, Chipembedzo ndi Zinthu Zandale (2017)- Zolemba:

Kufufuza komweku kunali anthu akuluakulu a 11,372 omwe adayankha mafunso okhudza chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pazithunzi za kugonana mu General Social Survey (GSS) kuchokera ku 2000 mpaka 2014. Kuwona mafilimu oterewa kunkagwirizana ndi chisangalalo chochepa muukwati, okwatirana ambiri ogonana chaka chatha, osakhutira ndi mavuto a zachuma, osakonda zipembedzo, komanso kukhala ndi ufulu wandale.

Kuwonetseratu zolaula zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zochokera ku madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ubale wosauka, malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana komweko, ufulu wolemera wa zachuma, zofuna zachipembedzo zochepa kapena kudzipereka, komanso maganizo ovomerezeka a ndale.

43) Njira zachiyanjano pakati pa zolaula komanso kuchepetsa kugonana (2017) - Ndemanga:

Kutsogoleredwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kugonana, kulingalira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kufotokoza kafukufuku wapamtima pa zolaula, kugwirizanitsa anthu, ndi kukhutira pa kugonana, kufufuza komweku komweku akufufuza za anthu okhwima okhaokha anayesa njira yowonetsera zolaula zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kugonana kwabwino poganiza kuti zolaula chitukuko chachikulu cha chidziwitso cha kugonana, kukonda zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana, komanso kugonana kwa kugonana. Chitsanzocho chinathandizidwa ndi deta kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsa ndi kuona zithunzi zolaula kukhala gwero lalikulu la chidziwitso cha kugonana, chomwe chinali chokhudzana ndi zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana chogonana komanso kuwonetseratu kugonana. Kusankha zolaula kuti zikhale zosangalatsa za kugonana komanso kuyankhulana ndi kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugonana kosakwanira.

44) Udindo wochuluka wa kuganizira za kugonana: Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa moyo wa kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikuluzikulu za chiyanjano cha chiyanjano ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zovuta zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (2017) - Ndemanga:

Chitsanzo chowonetsetsachi chikusonyeza kuti kuganizira za kugonana kumakhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano cha kugonana pomwe zovuta zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito kokha, koma zofooka.

45) Iye Sangokhala Wina Aliyense: Mmene Zimakhudzira Kugonana pa Chiwonetsero (2017)

Izi "zimawonjezeka" ikufotokoza zoyesera zinayi zomwe zimakhudza kulakalaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zonse zikusonyeza kuti kuyerekezera zakugonana kumachepetsa chilakolako chofuna kukondana. Chidule:

Kuchita zogonana kumawonjezera kukopa kwa zofuna zogonana, koma kumachepetsa kukopa kwa zolinga zachikondi. Kafukufukuyu akuwonjezera kuzinthu zokhudzana ndi kugonana, kukopa, ndipo zimapindulitsa kuonera zolaula, kugonana mu malonda, ndi maubwenzi.

46) Kodi Ubale Ulipo Pakati pa Kuonera Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pafupipafupi ndi Kugonana Kwambiri kwa Kugonana? Zotsatira Zochokera ku England ndi Germany (2017)- Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana siyana apeza kuti zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kosakwanira. Chilankhulo chomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri othandizira atolankhani mu zokambirana za mgwirizanowu chikusonyeza kuti kuyembekezera komwe kunachepetsa kukhutira makamaka chifukwa chafupipafupi-koma osati mobwerezabwereza-kumwa. Zoona zenizeni, komabe, zakhala zikuganiziranso. Kufufuza kwachidule kumagwirizana ndi kuti kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhala zochepa zofanana zokhutira ndi kugonana.

Kafukufuku wochokera ku maphunziro awiri okhudzana ndi amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu, omwe anachitidwa ku England ndi wina ku Germany, anagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zinali zofananirana m'dziko lililonse ndipo sizinayesedwe ndi chiwerewere. Kafukufuku wamtunduwu amasonyeza kuti nthawi yomwe mumadya mobwerezabwereza kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana kumayamba kuchepa, ndikuti kukula kwa kuchepa kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe mumadya.

47) Zithunzi Zolaula Zowona Ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: A Quadratic Analysis (2017) - Zolemba

Nkhaniyi ikupereka zotsatira kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa anthu akuluakulu a US 1,500. Kusanthula kwa quadratic kunasonyeza ubale wamkati pakati pa kuona zolaula ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana monga momwe zimakhalira zoipa, zovuta kugwa pansi. Chikhalidwe cha curvilinearity sichinasiyane ngati ntchito ya otenga nawo gawo, ubale, kapena chipembedzo.

Kwa magulu onse, mitengo yosavuta yosavuta inalipo pamene kuyang'ana kunkafika kamodzi pa mwezi kapena kuposa. Zotsatira izi ndizogwirizanitsa zokha. Komabe, ngati zotsatira zowoneka bwino, zitha kunena kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kamodzi pachaka pamwezi kulibe kanthu kapena kosakhutiritsa, kuti kuchepetsa kukhutira kumayambitsa Kuwonera kamodzi kumafika kamodzi pa mwezi, ndipo zina zomwezo zimachulukitsa kuwonetsera kawirikawiri kumabweretsa zochepa zowonjezereka zokhutira.

48) Kufufuzira zaumoyo wokhudza kugonana ndi zolaula pakati pa kusudzulana-kufunsa akazi kumadzulo kwa Azerbaijan-Iran: Phunziro Lachigawo (2017)- Zolemba:

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha kuthetsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto pakati pa maanja ndizo zogonana ndi khalidwe laukwati. Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokayikira kuti zolaula zingakhudze kusudzulana kaya zabwino kapena zoipa. Choncho phunziro ili linayesa kugonana kwaukwati-kufunsa ku Urmia, Iran.

Zotsatira: Zotsatira za phunzirolo zasonyeza kuti amene anali ndi chiwerengero chochepa chokhutira kugonana, anali ndi chiyeso choposa chowonera zolaula. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, kuonetsetsa za maphunziro a banja ndi uphungu otsogolera makamaka mu gawo lachiwerewere lidzakula kwambiri.

49) Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere ndi khalidwe la kugonana (2017) - Zowonjezera:

Pakafukufuku wowerenga mafunso amafunsidwa pa intaneti okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zakumwa ndi machitidwe ogonana adadzazidwa ndi achinyamata 130 pakati pa 18 ndi 30 zaka. Ngakhale kulumikizana kochepera kwa zizolowezi zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, Amuna amatha kumvetsetsa zothekera mu moyo wawo wogonana, chifukwa chazoseweretsa kwambiri. Zizolowezi zolaula za abambo zikugwirizana mosavomerezeka ndi kufotokozedwa komwe kumachitika pogonana ndi miyambo ya moyo wawo wogonana.

50) Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula komanso kugwirizana ndi zofuna za kugonana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi akuyembekezera (2017)- Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wamagulu a Multivariate adawoneka kuti mawonedwe oonera zolaula anali okhudzana kwambiri ndi zochitika zazikulu pakati pa akazi. Pakati pa amuna, mawonedwe oonera zolaula anali okhudzana ndi zosokoneza za thupi ndi zochitika pa nthawi yogonana. Zolemba zolaula zolemba mabuku sizinagwirizane ndi zosiyana siyana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi. Zotsatira za kufufuza uku zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amadya zolaula amaonera zochitika za kugonana komanso zachiwerewere zokhudzana ndi zolaula.

51) Udindo wa Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusakhulupirika Kwa Misonkhano pakati pa Ubwenzi, Chophatikizapo, ndi Amuna ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2017)

Kuphatikiza pa kukhulupirika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumalumikizananso ndi vuto lachiwerewere komanso kukondana. Zolemba:

Ofufuza ambiri ndi madokotala akuyesera kuzindikira mitundu yokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kugonana. Ena ayang'ana umunthu [26] [27], ena pa attachment [33], kugonana [34], mikangano, chiwawa, kusowa kudzipereka [73], ndi zina zambiri zosiyana. Makhalidwe atsopano ozungulira matekinoloje apakompyuta, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusakhulupirika kwa cyber, ndi chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi ubale, ndipo akuyenera kuphatikizidwa pamitundu yatsopano yofotokozera. Zotsatira zathu zinawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi banja komanso zovuta zakugonana kudzera mu kuchuluka kwa kusakhulupirika kwa cyber. Zotsatira zoyambirirazi zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mitundu “yamakono” ya kusakhulupirika. Pomwe maphunziro am'mbuyomu adanenanso kuti maubwenzi omwewa sangayerekezere kulakwa kwenikweni kwa miyambo ya banja kapena kusakhulupirika kwa mnzake [55], chidziwitso chathu ndi umboni wosiyana.

52) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Zomwe Zimakhudza Moyo Wa Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2018)- Zowonjezera:

Amuna a 180 azaka za 18 - 29 zaka adayankha ku Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Mulingo, Zithunzi Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula (PCES), ndi Investment Model Scale. Phunziro lathu likuwonetsa kuti zolaula zomwe amuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamoyo wawo. Mofananamo, momwe amamunthu amamvera zokhudzana ndi zolaula zinawonjezeka ndipo kuona kwawo zowonongeka kwa zolaula kunachepetsedwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezeka kwa amuna, kudzipereka kwawo, kukhutira ndi malingaliro awo mu chibwenzi chawo chikuchepa, pamene akuwona kuti njira zabwino zomwe amachokera kunja kwaukwati zimakula.

53) Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukwatirana ndi kukondweretsa kugonana muzitsanzo zosagwira ntchito (2018) - Zolemba:

Mu phunziro lino, mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana ndi kugonana kawirikawiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito wagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zotsatira za chikwati cha ukwati ndi kuyanjana kwake ndi kawirikawiri zolaula ntchito. Chitsanzo cha anthu a 204 anamaliza kufufuza pa intaneti. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti kukhutira ndi kugonana kumakhudza kwambiri ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkwati wa banja umagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kukhutira kwa kugonana, koma zotsatira za kugwirizana pakati pa mitundu yosiyana zodziimira sizinali zofunikira.

54) Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula komanso kukhutira kugonana mu Korea chitsanzo (2018)- Zolemba:

Lipoti lofufuzirali linayesa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana pogonana kwa anthu akuluakulu ku Korea. Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apitayi, mgwirizanowu wapakati pakati pa zolaula ndizokhutira ndi zosayenera. Komabe, Kuwonjezera kwa mawu a quadratic ku equation kunapangitsanso chitsanzo choyenera. Kusanthula zochitika za kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunawulula ubale wosiyana wa U amuna ndi akazi, kotero kuti zolaula zosawerengeka zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutira kwakukulu, pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthawi iliyonse yokhudzana ndi zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi kukhutira. Kufufuza kwina kunasonyeza kuti kugwirizana kolakwika pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri komanso kukondweretsa pang'ono kunali kwa amayi, pomwe mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa zolaula zolaula ndi kukhutira kwakukulu kwa amuna. Chikhalidwe cha kugonana pakati pa zolaula ndi kukhutira chinali chofanana ndi anthu achipembedzo ndi osapembedza komanso anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi osati mu chibwenzi.

55) Kodi Akazi Amakhala Wovuta Kuonera Zolaula Kuwona Zokhudzana ndi Thupi Kapena Chiyanjano Chiyanjano? (2018) - Zolemba:

Tinayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane maubwenzi pakati pa kuyang'ana mafupipafupi ndi kuyang'ana zovuta kumangidwe pachithunzi cha thupi ndi chiyanjano cha ubale kwa amai ... .. Komanso ponena za H1, vNthawi zambiri kuyendayenda kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiyanjano cha amai pa chikhalidwe chokha.

56) Kumbuyo Makomo Otsekedwa: Zithunzi Zolaula Zokha ndi Zogwirizana Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Pakati pa Achikondi Achimuna (2018)

Chidziwitso: Amayi% mwa amayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri sakhala okwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zomwe amapeza kuti akazi amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri zimakhudzana ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana zimakhazikitsidwa peresenti yaying'ono ya akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse. Zambiri zam'madera kuchokera kuzachikulu woimira dziko lonse Kafukufuku wa US (General Social Survey) adafotokoza kuti Only 2.6% ya akazi okwatirana adayendera "webusaiti yolaula" mwezi watha. Deta kuchokera ku 2000, 2002, 2004 (kwa zambiri mukuona Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati, 2014).

Zowonjezera:

Pogwiritsa ntchito detadic data ya 240 anagonana amuna ndi akazi ochokera ku United States, tinkafufuza ojambula ndi anzake ogwirizana pakati pa zolaula ntchito, kugonana, ndi ubale wabwino. Tinayambanso kufufuza momwe zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito komanso kugwirana ntchito zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi umoyo wabwino. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zolaula zogonana zogonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilakolako chogonana chachikazi chachikazi koma palibe zosiyana zina zomwe zimadalira. Zithunzi zolaula zogonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zambiri zolakwika, kuphatikizapo kukondana kwa amuna ndi akazi, kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana kwa amayi, ndi kuyankhulana kwabwino kwa amuna. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa kugonana kwa onse awiri koma palibe zizindikiro zina zabwino.

57) Zisonkhezero za kugonana ndi kugonana ndi kudzipereka pazogonana pa intaneti: Kusokoneza maganizo kwa malingaliro osakhulupirika (2019)- Ndemanga:

Kukhulupirira kusakhulupirika kwa kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (OSA) kwadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azisiyana pakati pa OSA pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Ma OSA adasankhidwa monga kuyang'ana zolaula, kufunafuna zibwenzi, kugonana pa Intaneti, ndi kukonda ena. Ophunzirawo anali a 313 amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe anali ndi zibwenzi zokondana omwe anamaliza zochitika za OSA, kugonana, kugonana, kudzipereka, ndi malingaliro a kusakhulupirika. Zotsatirazo zasonyeza kuti kugonana kosagwirizana ndi zachiwerewere komanso kudzipereka pang'ono kunkagwirizana ndi machitidwe ochuluka ku OSA.

58) Zithunzi zolaula, kukonda zolaula ‐ monga kugonana, maliseche, ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana ndi abambo (2019)

Kulemba zovuta, ndi kusewera masewera ndi deta, kusokoneza zotsatira zenizeni: Maphunziro awiriwa (osati kungophunzira 2) adanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumakhudzana ndi kugonana kosachepera komanso kugonana. Pepala ili limayesa kuti liziwonetse maliseche, osati zolaula, chifukwa chosakhutira ndi ubale. Komabe, palibe njira zovomerezeka zopusitsira maliseche kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zolemba:

Kuonera zolaula kawirikawiri kumakhudzana ndi kusakhutira kugonana, kukonda kwambiri kugonana monga zolaula, ndi chizoloŵezi chochita maliseche kaŵirikaŵiri m'maphunziro awiriwa. Zithunzi zolaula zogwirizana ndi ubale wosakhutira mu Phunziro 2 yekha (si zoona) ...

59) Kufufuza mauthenga okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi malumikizano awo pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane (2019)

Kulemba kwa phunziroli la 2019 zimasiya kufuna kwambiri. Izi zati chiwerengero ichi # 4 papepala lathunthu chikuwulula zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula movutikira kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa osauka pazinthu zinayi. Anali okonda zogonana (HSP); chilakolako chogonana (OSP); kukhutira ndi kugonana (SEXSAT); kukhutira pamoyo (LIFESAT). Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula movutikira kunalumikizidwa ndi zocheperako pamalingaliro ochepetsa kugonana, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana & kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo (gulu kumanja). Poyerekeza, gulu lomwe lapeza zochuluka pamiyeso yonseyi linali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula (gulu kumanzere).

60) Zithunzi zolaula ndi Zochitika Zachibwenzi Zachikazi Zogonana ndi Akazi (2019) - Zolemba:

Tinafufuza akazi a 706 osagonana (18-29 a zaka zapakati) ku United States, akuphatikizapo kumwa zolaula ndi zokonda zogonana, zochitika, ndi zodetsa nkhaŵa. Pakati pa ogula akazi omwe ankagonana, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito maliseche kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezereka maganizo kwa zithunzi zolaula pa kukumbukira kugonana kwa zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu, kudalira kwambiri zolaula kuti akwaniritse ndi kukonza kudzutsa, ndi kukonda zolaula kumwa mogonana ndi mnzanu. Komanso, Kuwonetseratu zolaula pa nthawi yogonana, osati kungoyang'ana zolaula, kunayanjananso ndi maulendo apamwamba otetezeka pa maonekedwe awo ndi kuchepetsa chisangalalo cha zochita zakuda monga kumpsompsona kapena kugwidwa panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu.

61) Chikondi cholowetsa m'malo: Zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyanjano (2019)

Zoyeserera zoyesera kuthana ndi zoyanjana, zomwe zinali zowongoka: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu & kusungulumwa / kukhutira ndiubwenzi komanso kuyandikira. Zolemba:

Phunziroli, achikulire 357 adafotokoza zakusokonekera kwa chikondi chawo, kumwa kwawo zolaula sabata iliyonse, zolinga zawo pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuphatikizapo kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa kusungulumwa), ndi zisonyezo za moyo wawo wapabanja ndi wachibale…. Monga ananeneratu, kukonda chikondi ndi zolaula zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukondana komanso kugwirizana, pamene akugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusungulumwa komanso kuvutika maganizo.

62) Njira Zogwirizana Zokhudza Kugonana Pakati pa Zogonana Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zogonana Ndi Ubale Kukhutira mu Ubale Wa Nthawi Zaka (2019) -  Chidule:

Komabe, kumwa mowa SEM kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi chiyanjano cha ubale pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma osati amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kafukufukuyu anafufuza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa SEM ndi chikhutiro cha chiyanjano pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsinthika zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa anthu.

63) Kukula, Zitsanzo ndi Zotsatira Zodzikonda Zomwe Zilipo Zomwe Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ku Polish University Ophunzira: Phunziro Lachigawo (2019)

Kuphunzira kwakukulu (n = 6463) pa ophunzira achimuna ndi achikazi a ku koleji (azaka zapakati pa 22) amafotokoza zolaula zambiri (15%), kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula (kulolerana), zizindikiritso zakusiya, komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi maubale. Zowonjezera zofunikira:

Zowonongeka zomwe zimawonetsa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuphatikizapo: kufunikira kwa kukakamiza kwa nthawi yaitali (12.0%) ndi zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi kugonana (17.6%) kuti zifike poyerekeza, komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kugonana (24.5%) ...

Zaka zowonekera koyamba zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwakukakamiza kwanthawi yayitali komanso zolimbikitsa zogonana kuti zifike pachimake mukamagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchepa kokhutira ndi kugonana, komanso ubale wapabanja…

Malinga ndi ophunzira ambiri omwe adafunsidwapo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumatha kusokoneza ubale wamagulu (58.7%), thanzi lam'mutu (63.9%) ndi magonedwe (67.7%)….

64) Health and reproductive health and rights in Sweden 2017 (2019)

Kafukufuku wa 2017 wa The Sweden Public Health Authority ali ndi gawo lomwe likufotokoza zomwe apeza pazolaula. Kafukufukuyu ali mgawo lapitalo, nawonso. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwakukuru kunali kokhudzana ndi thanzi losauka la kugonana ndikuchepetsa kusakhutira pogonana. Zolemba:

Anthu makumi anayi ndi mmodzi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zaka 16 mpaka 29 amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, amadya zolaula tsiku ndi tsiku kapena pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku. Ofanana ndi azimayi ndi a 3 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zimasonyezanso kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula zosaonongeka ndi zachiwerewere, ndi chiyanjano ndi kugonana kwachinyengo, ziyembekezo zapamwamba kwambiri za kugonana kwa munthu, ndi kusakhutira ndi moyo wa kugonana. Pafupifupi theka la chiwerengero cha anthu kuti zolaula zawo sizikhudza moyo wawo wa kugonana, pomwe wachitatu sadziwa ngati zikuwakhudza kapena ayi. Ambiri mwa azimayi ndi abambo akuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa mavuto paumoyo wawo wogonana. Zinali zofala pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe ali ndi maphunziro apansi.

Palifunika kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi thanzi. Chidutswa chofunika kwambiri ndi kukambirana zovuta za zolaula ndi anyamata ndi anyamata, ndipo sukulu ndi malo achilengedwe kuti muchite izi.

65) Ndi Miyeso iti ya kugonana kwaumunthu yomwe ikukhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwapakati (CSBD)? Phunziro Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafunso Ambiri Okhudza Kugonana pa Zitsanzo za Amuna a ku Poland (2019)

Kafukufukuyu anayerekezera gulu la amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula laimuna ndi gulu lolamulira la amuna ambiri. Amuna omwe amafunafuna chithandizo adanenanso kuchuluka kwakanema kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ngakhale ambiri mwa ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula). Mitengo yayitali kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula inali yokhudzana ndi:

• kumverera kudandaula kwambiri pa moyo wa kugonana
• kusangalala kwenikweni ndi moyo wa kugonana
• kuopa kwambiri kugonana
• nkhawa yaikulu yokhudza kugonana
• kuchepetsa kugonana
• zochepa zogonana

66) Zotsatira zakuwonera zolaula kwa okwatirana (2019)

Phunziro losowa kwambiri la Aigupto. Pomwe kafukufukuyu akuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera zokondweretsa, zotsatira zake zakanthawi sizigwirizana ndi zakanthawi.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kuonera zolaula kumakhala kophatikizana ndi zaka zaukwati. Izi zidagwirizana ndi Goldberg et al. ¹⁴ yemwe adanena kuti zolaula ndizosuta kwambiri.

Pali kulumikizana kopanda pake pakati pa kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo wogonana ndikuwona zolaula ngati 68.5% ya owonera zabwino sakhutitsidwa ndi moyo wawo wogonana.

Zithunzi zolaula zimakulitsa maliseche pakati pa alonda a 74.6%, koma sizingathandize kufikira akatswiri pakati pa 61.5% a iwo. Kuonera zolaula kumachulukitsa zochitika za kusudzulana (33.8%) (P = 0.001).

Kutsiliza: Zithunzi zolaula zimasokoneza banja.

Gome kuchokera pa phunziroli:

67) Lingaliro la Psychological La Kukonda Kuwona Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Kukhutitsidwa Kwamaubwenzi ndi Maganizo Akugonana (2020) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti pali ubale wopanda pake pakati pa zolaula zomwe zimakhumba pakati pa azibwenzi osagonana ndi abwenzi. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro ake sanathandizidwe. Cholinga choti pasakhale ubale wofunikira pakati pa abwenzi osagonana ndi amuna osakhala pachibwenzi chitha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zitsanzo. Ngakhale, pali kusiyana pang'ono pa njira yolandirira kuchuluka ndi zibwenzi zosakhala pachibwenzi. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti magulu onse awiri amawona zoterezi molingana. Kafukufuku wapano adapeza kuti panali kulumikizana koipa (-0.303) pakati pa zolakalaka zolaula komanso kukhutitsidwa kwa okwatirana. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kukwera pazolakalaka zolaula, kutsika kumakhala kokhutira ndi ubale.

68) Kodi Masewera a Playboy (ndi atsikana) Amayambitsa Mavuto a Ubwenzi Amayanjanitsidwa ndi Kuwona Zolaula mu amuna ndi akazi?

Makonzedwe oyambira: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta) zolumikizana ndiubwenzi wosawuka komanso kudzipereka kochepa kwa amuna ndi akazi. Zowonjezera:

Kuphatikiza apo, tidalamulira gawo lofuna kugonana. Zotsatira zathu zinali zogwirizana pang'ono ndi malingaliro athu. Poyenderana ndi H1, kuwonera zolaula sikunali koyenera chifukwa chokhutira ndi ubale (amuna ndi akazi) pomwe machitidwe a playboy sanalowetsedwe. Kukula kwa malumikizidwe kunalinso kofanana ndi zomwe metanalytic adapeza kuchokera kwa Wright ndi anzawo '(2017). Komanso, Kuwona zolaula zovuta kumalumikizanso modzikongoletsa ndi ubale wokhutitsidwa ndi amuna (ndi akazi). Mofananamo, mosagwirizana ndi H2, kuyang'ana zolaula kunali kopanda tanthauzo ndi kudzipereka kwaubwenzi mwa amuna (ndi akazi) pomwe machitidwe a playboy sanalowetsedwe.

Ndimapeza maphunziro ngati amenewa. Zikuwoneka ngati olemba adalemba kutanthauzira ("Playboy Norms") komwe sikungaseketsedwe kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Tikudziwa kuti zolaula zimapanga zikhalidwe zakugonana. Ndidaziyimbira kuyesera kunyoza kulumikizana koyambirira kwa phunziroli. HMakhalidwe / malingaliro angawonetsedwe pomwe zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ogonana ndi machitidwe awo. Izi zikuphatikiza "Playboy Norms", kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wowunika zomwe munthu angasankhe. Kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha kuti muchepetse kulumikizana koyenera kumatchedwa "Everest regression". Kugonjetsedwa kwa Everest ndizomwe zimachitika mukama "wongolera "pakusintha kofanizira poyerekeza anthu awiri. Mwachitsanzo mutatha kuwongolera kutalika, Mount Everest ndikutentha kwapakati. Kafukufuku wa zolaula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti athetse zovuta zomwe zimawonetsa zolaula.

69) Kodi Kugonana Kwotsika mtengo Kumapangitsa Amuna Kukhala Osangalatsidwa Ndi Ukwati? Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula, Kudziseweretsa maliseche, Kugonana, ndi Kufuna Kukwatiwa Pakati pa Amuna Osakwatira (2020)

By RealYBOP membala Samuel Perry. Chodabwitsa, zotsatira za zolaula zambiri zogwirizana ndi kufuna kukwatiwa zikuwombedwa ngati zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito maubale (Huh?). Kutsatira lingaliro ili, mowa umathandiza maubwenzi chifukwa kumwa nokha pa bar kumalumikizidwa ndi kufuna kukwatiwa, kapena kufuna chibwenzi, kapena kufuna kuyikidwa. Ziribe kanthu, kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti zolaula zambiri zimakhudzana ndi vuto lachiwerewere:

76) Chizoloŵezi Chogonana Paintaneti: Kuwunika Koyenera kwa Zizindikiro za Amuna Ofunafuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Zolemba zamaphunziro:

Omwe ali muubwenzi adanena kuti zolaula zimawalekanitsa kwa abwenzi awo komanso kuti sakanathanso kukhala ndi chiyanjano ndi chiyanjano mu maubwenzi awo. Chitsanzo chachikulu komanso champhamvu kwambiri cha zotsatira zoyipa chinali chakuti ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo adalimbana ndi kuchepetsa akazi kuzinthu zogonana.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ndikuti tithandizireni kuti tipeze ndalama zambiri? +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ndikuti, +

Chidziwitso - zidule zochokera ku kuwunikiridwa kwa mabuku mu 2018 (Zithunzi Zolaula, Zosangalatsa, ndi Kugonana: Kwa Hedonic Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zogonana Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafilimu, kufotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula pa kukhutira kugonana:

Zokhutiritsa kugonana:

Njira ina yomwe fanizoli lilinso ndi tanthauzo ndi kusangalala ndi kugonana. Monga zolinga zakugonana nthawi zambiri zimangoyang'ana kukhutiritsa zogonana, munthu angayembekezere kuwonjezeka kwa zolinga izi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira zogonana. Komabe, mutapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukhutitsidwa pogonana (mwachitsanzo, ubale wapamtima, kudzipereka, kudzidalira, kudzidalira), zikuwonekeranso kuti maubwenzi apakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa azikhala ovuta.

Kwa anthu ena, kuwonjezereka kwa zolinga zakugonana kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwenikweni mu chikhutiro chogonana, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukonda kumatha kukumana ndi kukhumudwitsidwa, makamaka ngati kuwonjezeraku sikukumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukwaniritsidwa komwe kumagwirizana ndi zochitika zogonana (Santtila) et al., 2007). Kapenanso, ngati wina angayambe ndi magonedwe otsika kwambiri a chiwerewere, kuwonjezereka kwa chilimbikitso chotere kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chisangalalo chachikulu pakugonana pamene iye akhazikika pakusangalala ndi kugonana.

IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana

Mosiyana ndi magawo omwe anali atakambidwa kale okhudzana ndi IPU ndi zomwe zimalimbikitsa, momwe kafukufuku akukulirakulira, ubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana waphunziridwa kwambiri, ndi zofalitsa zambiri zomwe zikukambirana mutuwu. M'malo mongowerenga mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe amafufuza za IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana, zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zidafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1. [Pepala ili ndi mwayi wotseguka ndipo Table 1 likupezeka kuchokera pa ulalo wapamwambawo]

Pafupifupi, monga tafotokozera pa tebulo 1, maubale omwe ali pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana ndizovuta, koma amagwirizana ndi malingaliro akuti IP ikhoza kulimbikitsa chidwi chogonana, makamaka pamene kugwiritsa ntchito kukukula. Mwa mabanja, kulibe chithandizo chokwanira pamalingaliro oti IPU imatha kukhutiritsa kugonana, koma pokhapokha ikaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zogonana. Panokha, pali umboni wosatsutsika kuti IPU imaneneratu za kukhutitsidwa kogonana mwa amuna, zonsezo zokhala ndi gawo limodzi komanso ntchito zazitali zolozera mabungwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: Ponena za akazi, umboni womwazikana ukuwonetsa kuti IPU ingalimbikitse chikhutiro chogonana, sichikhala ndi chikhutiro chokwanira, kapena kuchepetsa kukhutira pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale izi zidaphatikizidwa, kupezako kopanda tanthauzo lalikulu la IPU pa kukhutitsidwa pogonana mwa amayi ndizomwe zimapezeka kwambiri.

Kusanthula kwa meta

Zotsatirazi zatsimikizidwanso ndikuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma meta (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Kuwunikiranso maphunziro a 50 okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zotsatira zakukhutira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo, kukhutitsidwa ndimunthu, kukhutira ndi ubale, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana), kuwunika kwa meta kumeneku kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (osati intaneti) kunali kogwirizana nthawi zonse komanso kuneneratu zakukhutira pakati pa anthu zosintha, kuphatikizapo kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma kwa amuna okha. Palibe zofunikira zomwe zidapezeka kwa azimayi. Pamodzi, zotsatirazi zosakanikirana zimalepheretsa mfundo zomveka bwino pantchito ya IP pakukhutiritsa chisangalalo cha amayi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pazofufuza zaposachedwa pakuwunika IPU ndikukhutitsidwa ndi zakugonana ndikuti zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukhutira, kotero kuti kukhutira kumachepa kwambiri popeza IPU imafala kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Dzuwa, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Tsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1. Popeza umboni wowoneka bwino pamitundu ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zikuwoneka zomveka kuvomereza lingaliro lakuti pamene IPU imakwera kupitilira kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutira ndi kugonana kumachepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale maphunziro awa (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) anali osiyana magawo, atapatsidwa kuchuluka kwamaphunziro azitali (mwachitsanzo, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) yolumikiza IPU kuti ichepetse kugonana Kukhutira, ndizomveka kunena kuti mayanjanowa ndi achilengedwe. Pamene IPU ikuwonjezeka, kukhutira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawoneka kuchepa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono akuti IPU imalumikizidwa ndi zofuna za kugonana za hedonic komanso zokhazokha.

Phunziro lopatsa chidwi

Pomalizira, phunziro la abusa la Taylor Kohut nthawi zambiri limatchulidwa ngati umboni wakuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumapindulitsa kwambiri maanja: Zotsatira Zodziwika Zowonongeka Pa Ubale Wapabanja: Poyamba Pofufuza Yotsegulidwa, Ophunzira Odziwika, "Ofufuza Kwambiri". (Kohut et al., 2017). Dinani pa intaneti kuti muwerenge zambiri.

Zowonongeka ziŵirizi zimapangitsa zotsatira:

1) Phunziroli silinapangidwe pa chitsanzo choimira.

Pomwe maphunziro ambiri akuwonetsa kuti ocheperako azimayi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, Phunziro ili, 95% ya amayiwa ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha. Ndipo azimayi 85% anali atagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi chaubwenzi (nthawi zina kwazaka). Mitengo imeneyo ndiyokwera kuposa amuna azaka za koleji! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asokoneza mtundu wawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Zoona zake: Kafukufuku wopangidwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri ku US (General Social Survey) adanenanso kuti ndi azimayi 2.6% okha omwe adayendera "tsamba lachiwerewere" mwezi watha. Zambiri kuchokera 2000, 2002, 2004. Kuti mumve zambiri onani - Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014)

2) Phunziroli linagwiritsa ntchito mafunso "otseguka" pomwe mutuwo ungapitilize zolaula.

Kenako ochita kafukufukuwo adawerenga mayendedwewo ndipo adaganiza, pambuyo pake, mayankho ake anali "ofunikira". Kenako amasankha momwe angawaperekere (sapota?) M'mapepala awo. Kenako ochita kafukufukuwo anali ndi ndulu kuti anene kuti maphunziro ena onse azolaula ndi maubwenzi anali zolakwika. Awa anali maphunziro omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika, zasayansi komanso mafunso olunjika pazokhudza zolaula. Kodi njirayi ndiyolondola?

Ngakhale zolakwika izi zingapo mabanja amavomereza zotsatira zoipa zotsatira za zolaula, monga:

• Zithunzi zolaula ndi zophweka, zosangalatsa, zowonjezera, zokondweretsa, kapena zokondweretsa kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu
• Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala zovuta, zimachepetsa kuthekera kokwaniritsa kapena kukondweretsa kugonana, kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula.
• Ena amanena kuti kufotokozera mwachindunji kusokoneza maganizo monga zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Ena ankadandaula kuti ataya chikondi kapena chikondi.
• Ananenedwa kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kugonana kwenikweni kukhala kosautsa, kozoloŵera, kosakhalitsa, kapena kosangalatsa

Pazifukwa zina zotsatirazi zowopsya sizikuwoneka m'nkhani zokhudzana ndi phunziroli. Wolemba woyambitsa webusayiti yatsopano ndipo lake yesetsani kusonkhanitsa ndalama kwezani mafunso oposa ochepa.

Zikwizikwi nkhani zobwezeretsa Mogwirizana ndi zomwe tafufuzazi zitha kupezeka pamasamba awa:

Sakatulani masauzande ambirimbiri odzidzimva kuti adziwe zomwe iwo ali nazo anachira kuchokera ku zolaula zogonana zolaula zakhala zikumanapo: Kubwezeretsanso Mauthenga Ambiri Page 1, Kubwezeretsanso Mauthenga Ambiri Page 2 ndi Tsamba lokhazikitsa malemba a 3. Kuwonjezera apo, masamba asanu ndi atatu otsatirawa ali ndi nkhani zofupika zomwe zikufotokozedwa kuchira zolaula zogonana zogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

• Anyamata Amene Amapereka Zoipa: Pazogonana ndi Chikondi.
• N'chifukwa Chiyani Ndimapeza Zithunzi Zosangalatsa Kwambiri Kuposa Wogwirizana Naye?
• Kuyesera kwa Zina Zina