Zofufuza zolumikiza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kapena zolaula / zachiwerewere pazovuta zakugonana komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso ubale

Ndi mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti wa cyberpornography sanakhale wosavuta kupeza. Zotsatira zakufufuza zitha kuthana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha zolaula pa thanzi la amuna. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza ngati nthawi yayitali yofananira ndi yogonana ndi zolaula.

Amuna, omwe adagonana mu masabata anayi apitawa, adafunsidwa zakumverera kwa nthawi yayitali yogonana ndi mnzake ndipo amatha kusankha mayankho otsatirawa; konse, osachepera theka la nthawi, theka la nthawi, nthawi zambiri kapena nthawi zonse. Tidawerengera mphindi m'masabata sabata kuti tisewereke zolaula ndikuwona ngati nthawi yolumikizana ndi zolaula inali yosiyana pamagulu oyankha. Amuna 3,033 adamaliza kufunsa omwe 687 (22.7%) pomwe adasiyidwa popeza sanachite zachiwerewere masabata anayi apitawa ndipo amuna 15 adasowa. Amuna okwanira 2,331 (76.9%), azaka zapakati pa 31, adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika zaumunthu pakumayenda ndi masabata anayi apitawa. Kusiyana kwa njira ndi njira yanthawi yolumikizirana zolaula pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana akuwonetsedwa pagome 1.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu

Mayeso a Kruksal-Wallis H adawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu a mayankho ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yodziseweretsa maliseche mwa iwo omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto la umuna poyerekeza ndi omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto la umuna poyerekeza ndi omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto la umuna. Chizolowezi chodziwikiratu chidawoneka mwa amuna omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yodziseweretsa maliseche komanso nthawi ya sabata iliyonse yodziseweretsa maliseche. Amuna omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yodziseweretsa maliseche ndi anzawo amagonana nthawi yambiri yowonera zolaula pa sabata kuposa amuna omwe ali ndi nthawi yotero; nthawi zochepa kapena theka.

41) Kuwunika Kudziwa Kwamoyo Kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zapaintaneti: Phunziro Loyeserera (2020)

Maupangiri oyenerera ochepa:

Ophunzirawo adanena kuti anali ndi zizindikiro zodzimva kuti ndi "woledzera" ndi IP. Chilankhulo cha kudalira, mwachitsanzo, "zilakolako," "kutengeka," ndi "chizolowezi," chinagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ophunzirawo adanenanso za zizindikiro ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwirizana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo monga; kulephera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri IP pakapita nthawi kapena kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoopsa ya IP kuti apeze zotsatira zomwezo ...

Escalation nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati akuwononga nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena akuwona kuti ndikofunikira kuti awone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse zomwezo "kutalika" pakapita nthawi, monga momwe wolemba nawoyo adanenera, "Poyamba, ndinkaonera zolaula zochepa, komanso zaka. podutsa, ndinayamba kuyang'ana zolaula komanso kuchita zanyansi kwambiri. ”

Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizananso ndi vuto la kugonana mwa ena mwa ophunzirawo , popeza adapeza kuti patapita nthawi, palibe kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa zolaula womwe unkawapangitsa kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana, monga tafotokozera mu gawo lotsatira.

Zizindikiro monga vuto la kusowa mphamvu ya kugonana - zomwe zimaonedwa ngati kulephera kupeza mphamvu ya kugonana popanda zolaula kapena ndi mnzanu weniweni - nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa motere: "Sindingathe kupeza mphamvu ya kugonana ndi akazi omwe ndimawakonda. Ndipo ngakhale nditatero, sizinatenge nthawi yayitali." Zizindikiro izi nthawi zambiri zimadandaula ndi ophunzira, ndipo mmodzi mwa ophunzirawo adati, "Zandiletsa kugonana! Nthawi zambiri! Chifukwa sindingathe kukhala chilili. Ndanena zokwanira."

 42) Zochitika Pazithunzi "Zobwezeretsanso": Kuwunika Kwenikweni Kwa Magazini Oletsa kudziletsa Pa Msonkhano Wolaula Wapa zolaula (2021)

Pepala labwino kwambiri limasanthula zokumana nazo zoposa 100 ndikuwonetsa zomwe anthu akukumana nawo pamisonkhano. Imatsutsana ndi mabodza ambiri okhudza mayendedwe obwezeretsa (monga zamkhutu kuti onse ndi achipembedzo, kapena okhwimitsa kwambiri zosunga umuna, ndi zina zambiri). Pepala limaleza kulolerana, chizolowezi, zizindikiritso zakudzipatula komanso zovuta zachiwerewere zomwe zimayambitsa amuna omwe akufuna kusiya zolaula. Zowonjezera zofunikira:

Vuto limodzi lalikulu lomwe munthu amaona lokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula limakhudza zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Zizindikiro izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulephera kudziletsa, kuganizira kwambiri, kulakalaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yolakwika yothanirana ndi vutoli, kusiya, kulekerera, kuvutika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kulephera kugwira ntchito , komanso kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa (monga, Bőthe et al., 2018 ; Kor et al., 2014 ).

Kupirira / Kuzolowera:

N'zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti modabwitsa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mamembala adanena kuti m'malo mokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana chowonjezeka, adakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana chocheperachepera panthawi yodziletsa, chomwe adachitcha "flatline." "flatline" ndi mawu omwe mamembala adagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kutayika kwa chilakolako cha kugonana panthawi yodziletsa (ngakhale ena amawoneka kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la izi kuphatikizaponso kukhumudwa ndi kumva kusasangalala nthawi zonse: (monga, "Ndikumva ngati mwina ndili mu flatline pakadali pano chifukwa chilakolako chochita chilichonse chogonana sichikupezeka" [056, 30s]).

Mavuto Ogonana:

Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana komwe kungachitike pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana nthawi zambiri sikudziwika (onani Dwulit & Rzymski, 2019b ), zotsatira zoyipa zomwe anthu ena amaona pa kugonana zanenedwanso ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuphatikizapo mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kuchepa kwa kukhutira ndi kugonana, komanso kudalira maloto olaula panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu (monga Dwulit & Rzymski, 2019a ; Kohut, Fisher, & Campbell, 2017 ; Sniewski & Farvid, 2020 ). Ofufuza ena agwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "pornography-induced erectile dysfunction" (PIED) ndi "pornography-induced abnormally low libido" pofotokoza mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso (Park et al., 2016 ).

Chachiwiri, kwa mamembala ena ( n = 44), kudziletsa kunayambitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthetsa mavuto awo okhudzana ndi kugonana, kutengera chikhulupiriro chakuti mavutowa (mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana [ n = 39]; kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana ndi okwatirana [ n = 8]) (mwina) anali chifukwa cha zolaula. Mamembala ena ankakhulupirira kuti mavuto awo okhudzana ndi kugonana anali chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa momwe amayankhira kugonana makamaka pazinthu zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi zochita zawo (monga, “ Ndikuona momwe ndinkasowa chidwi ndi thupi la mnzake…Ndadzilimbitsa kuti ndizisangalala ndi kugonana ndi laputopu ” [083, zaka 45]). Mwa mamembala 39 omwe adanena kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chifukwa choyambira kudziletsa, 31 anali otsimikiza kuti anali kuvutika ndi “kusokonekera kwa kugonana komwe kunachitika chifukwa cha zolaula” (PIED). Ena ( n = 8) anali otsimikiza kuti sadzatchula mavuto awo okhudzana ndi kugonana kuti ndi “oyambitsidwa ndi zolaula” chifukwa chofuna kuchotsa mafotokozedwe ena omwe angakhalepo (monga nkhawa ya magwiridwe antchito, zinthu zokhudzana ndi ukalamba, ndi zina zotero), koma adaganiza zoyamba kudziletsa ngati anali okhudzana ndi zolaula.

Anthu ena adanenanso za kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi ndi kuyankha pa kugonana. Mwa mamembala 42 omwe adanenanso za mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana kumayambiriro kwa kuyesa kudziletsa, theka ( n = 21) adanenanso kuti kusintha pang'ono kwa ntchito ya kugonana atasiya kugonana kwa nthawi yayitali. Ena adanenanso kuti ntchito ya kugonana inabwerera pang'ono (monga, "Kunali pafupifupi 60% yokha, koma chofunika ndichakuti kunalipo" [076, zaka 52]), pomwe ena adanenanso kuti ntchito ya kugonana inabwerera kwathunthu (monga, "Ndinagonana ndi mkazi wanga Lachisanu usiku komanso usiku watha, ndipo nthawi zonse ziwiri zinali nthawi ya 10/10 yomwe inatenga nthawi yayitali" [069, zaka 30]). Ena adanenanso kuti kugonana kunali kosangalatsa komanso kokhutiritsa kuposa kale (monga, "Ndinagonana kawiri (Loweruka ndi Lachitatu) nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogonana m'zaka zinayi" [062, zaka 37]).

Mamembala omwe adapitiliza kudziletsa nthawi zambiri adapeza kuti kudziletsa ndi chinthu chopindulitsa ndipo adanenanso za zabwino zosiyanasiyana zomwe adaziona kuti zimadza chifukwa chopewa zolaula . Zotsatira zomwe adaziona monga kudziletsa zolaula kudziletsa (Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017 ) kapena kudziletsa kwambiri (Muraven, 2010 ) zidafotokozedwa ndi mamembala ena atatha nthawi yodziletsa bwino. Kusintha komwe kudawoneka mu magwiridwe antchito amisala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu (monga, kusintha kwa malingaliro, chilimbikitso chowonjezeka, maubwenzi abwino) ndi magwiridwe antchito ogonana (monga, kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi chogonana komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a erectile) zidafotokozedwanso.

43) Zithunzi zolaula komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la amuna (2021)

Ndemanga yolembedwa ndi mkonzi wa “ Trends in Urology and Men's Health ”. Zidule zingapo:

Kuwonjezeka kwapaintaneti kwatsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa achinyamata ndi amuna achikulire omwe akuwona zolaula pa intaneti, ndipo pali nkhawa yayikulu yokhudza momwe izi zingakhudzire kukula kwawo pakugonana, magwiridwe antchito, thanzi lam'mutu komanso ubale wapamtima. Pepala ili likuwunikira mwachidule ubale wamwamuna ndi zolaula komanso zomwe zingakhudze kugonana.

Kukula kwakuchuluka kwa intaneti m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku kwatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anyamata ndi achikulire omwe akuwona zolaula pa intaneti. Izi zadzutsa mafunso okhudza momwe zimakhudzira chitukuko chakugonana komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Umboni wambiri ukusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zolaula kwambiri pa intaneti kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa zovuta zogonana.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi chofuna kugonana mopanda chidwi komanso ED. ¹⁵ Mwachidule, izi zitha kuwonjezera mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso ED pogonana ndi mnzanu.

Kuchepetsa kukopa kwa wokondedwa, kugonana ndi mnzanu osakwaniritsa zomwe akuyembekezera, komanso malingaliro azakugonana angayambitse ED. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zolaula komanso zochitika zina zogonana.

Kuchedwetsa kutulutsa umuna kungagwirizane ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ^{7 mwina} zokhudzana ndi kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zenizeni zogonana ndi mnzanu ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana okhudzana ndi zolaula panthawi yoseweretsa maliseche.

Ponseponse, amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amanena kuti sakhutira ndi moyo wawo wogonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungathandize kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana chifukwa chakuti okwatirana enieni sakutsatira zithunzi zomwe zimawonedwa pa intaneti, kukhumudwa ngati mnzanu sakufuna kubwerezanso zithunzi zolaula, kukhumudwa chifukwa cholephera kupeza zinthu zatsopano zogonana zomwe zimawonedwa mu zolaula ndi mnzanu weniweni, komanso zolaula zimasankhidwa m'malo mogonana ndi mnzanu^.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali pa chilakolako chogonana zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe dongosolo lopereka mphotho limayankhira ku zolimbikitsa kugonana, zomwe zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zolimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi zolaula kuposa kugonana kwenikweni. ^{7 , 17 , 18} Komabe, pali kusowa kwa deta yokhazikika yochirikiza zolaula ngati chifukwa choyambitsa kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, ndipo zina zimatsutsana. ⁷ Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi chikhalidwe chovuta cha chilakolako chogonana, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo, zamaganizo, zogonana, zaubale komanso zachikhalidwe. ^{7 , 19}

44) Zolemba za Prenatal Androgen Exhibition Correlate Yogwirizana Ndi Kugonana Kwapaintaneti ndi Ntchito ya Erectile mwa Achinyamata (2021)

Kuonera zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuwongolera kotsika mwa anyamata. Chidule:

Tikuona kuti n'zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti OSC, osati zolaula zokha, inali yogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu yotulutsa umuna komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu yotulutsa umuna; izi zikusonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa OSC ndi kusokonekera kwa kugonana kudzera mu kusintha kwa njira yopezera mphotho m'malo mwa njira zolumikizirana ndi anthu. Komanso apa, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti athetse chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake.

M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, zosintha zingapo zimawoneka kuti zikukhudzidwa ndi ED. Izi zikuphatikiza: Kugwiritsa ntchito maola onse, Zaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito, Zaka zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mosasintha, Kuchulukitsa mitundu yatsopano, Kukula kwazithunzithunzi zolaula (kuyambira pakukula kupita ku mitundu yatsopano ya zolaula), Chiwerengero cha maliseche mpaka zolaula popanda zolaula, Ratio zachiwerewere ndi munthu motsutsana ndi maliseche a zolaula, Mipata yogonana pakati (pomwe wina amadalira zolaula), Namwali kapena ayi, etc.

46) Kuwerengera kufotokozera maphunziro omwe akubwera - ndi pulofesa wa Urology Carlo Foresta, pulezidenti wa bungwe la Italy lotchedwa Pathophysiology

Phunziroli lili ndi zotsatira za maphunziro amtundu wautali komanso oyambira. Kafukufuku wina adakhudza kuyesa kwa achinyamata a kusekondale (masamba 52-53). Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti kukomoka kumagonana pakati pa 2005 ndi 2013, kufunitsitsa kogonana kumawonjezera 600%.

• Chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe adasinthidwa ndi kugonana kwawo: 2004 / 05: 7.2%, 2012 / 13: 14.5%
• Chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana chochepa: 2004 / 05: 1.7%, 2012 / 13: 10.3% (ndiwonjezeka 600% m'zaka 8)

Foresta akufotokozanso kafukufuku wake womwe ukubwera. Unali “ Zolankhulirana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi mitundu yatsopano ya matenda ogonana chitsanzo 125 anyamata achichepere, zaka 19-25 ” Dzina lake la Chiitaliya ndi “ Sessualità mediatica e nuove form di patologia sessuale Campione 125 giovani maschi ”. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu (masamba 77-78), zomwe zidagwiritsa ntchito International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire, zidapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula wamba adapeza 50% yotsika pa domain ya chilakolako chogonana ndi 30% yotsika pa domain ya erectile.

47) Nkhani ya MedHelp

(osati owunikidwa ndi anzawo) Nayi nkhani yokhudza kusanthula kwakukulu kwa ndemanga ndi mafunso omwe adalembedwa pa MedHelp okhudzana ndi vuto la kugonana. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti 58% ya amuna omwe amapempha thandizo anali azaka 24 kapena kuchepera. Ambiri amakayikira kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zitha kukhalapo monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu zotsatira za kafukufukuyu :

Mawu ofala kwambiri ndi "erectile dysfunction" - omwe amatchulidwa katatu nthawi zambiri monga mawu ena - kutsata "zolaula," "nkhawa," ndi "kuonera zolaula."

Mwachiwonekere, zolaula nthawi zambiri zimakambidwa kuti: "Ndakhala ndikuwonera zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zambiri (4 nthawi zina 5 pa sabata) zaka za 6 zapitazo," munthu wina analemba. "Ndili mkatikati mwa 20 ndipo ndakhala ndi vuto lokhazikitsa ndi kukondana ndi anthu ogonana nawo kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 20 ndikuyamba kuyang'ana pa zolaula za intaneti."

48) Zithunzi Zolaula, Kusatetezeka Pazakugonana, ndi Mavuto Amtundu (2021)

Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa zotumphukira (kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa / anorgasmia) chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza.

Ophunzira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi amafotokoza zakusatetezeka kwakugonana, ndipo kuchuluka kwachitetezo chazakugonana kunaneneratu zovuta zakumapeto.

Chidziwitso cha YBOP: Pazifukwa zina, ofufuza sanafufuze kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa zovuta zolaula ndi zovuta.

49) Pafupipafupi pa Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Zotsatira Zaumoyo Wogonana ku Sweden: Kufufuza kwa Kafukufuku Wadziko Lonse (2021)

Kafukufuku woimira dziko lonse ku Sweden, adapeza kusakhutira ndi kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogonana komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kumalumikizidwa ndi zolaula katatu pamlungu kapena kupitilira apo.

Tidapeza mayanjano azolaula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito osakhutira ndi kuchuluka komanso mtundu wazogonana komanso pakati pa amuna, osakhala ndi chidwi chogonana ndikamakumana ndi mavuto.

50) Mayanjano Pakati Pazolaula Zapaintaneti Ndi Zovuta Zogonana Mwa Amuna Achinyamata: Multivariate Analysis Based on International Web-based Survey (2021)

Chidule chamsonkhano chofotokozera za kafukufukuyu lisanasindikizidwe. Zolemba zingapo:

Ofufuza ochokera ku Belgium, Denmark ndi UK adakhazikitsa mafunso pa intaneti www.malesexualhealth.be , omwe adalengezedwa makamaka kwa amuna ku Belgium ndi Denmark kudzera pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ma posters ndi ma flyers. Amuna 3267 adayankha mafunso 118, kuyankha mafunso okhudza maliseche, kuonera zolaula pafupipafupi, komanso kuchita zogonana ndi anzawo. Mafunsowo adayang'ana kwambiri amuna omwe adagonana m'masabata anayi apitawa, zomwe zidalola gululo kufotokoza momwe kuonera zolaula kumakhudzira zochita zogonana. Mafunsowo adaphatikizapo mafunso ochokera ku kafukufuku wamba wa erectile function ndi thanzi la kugonana (onani zolemba).

Wofufuza wamkulu, Pulofesa Gunter de Win (University of Antwerp ndi University Hospital Antwerp) anati:

 “Tinaona kuti panali mayankho osiyanasiyana. Pazitsanzo zathu, abambo amaonera zolaula zambiri, pafupifupi mphindi 70 pa sabata, nthawi zambiri kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 15 panthawi imodzi, mwachionekere ena amangoyang'ana pang'ono pomwe ena amawonera kwambiri ”.

Adapezanso kuti 23% ya azibambo omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 35 omwe adayankha kafukufukuyo anali ndi vuto lina lolephera kugona atagonana ndi wokondedwa wawo.

Pulofesa de Win anati:

Chiwerengerochi chinali chokwera kuposa momwe timayembekezera. Tidapeza kuti panali ubale wofunikira pakati pa nthawi yomwe amathera kuonera zolaula ndikukulira zovuta ndi ntchito ya erectile ndi mnzake, monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi erectile ntchito komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Anthu omwe amaonera zolaula zochulukanso amakhala ndi miyeso yayikulu pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe ntchitoyi ikutanthauza komanso sizikutanthauza. Ndiwo mafunso m'malo moyesera kuchipatala, ndipo zitha kuti anthu omwe adayankha sioyimira amuna okhaokha. Komabe, ntchitoyi idapangidwa kuti ivumbulitse ubale uliwonse pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula, ndipo titapatsidwa kukula kwakukulu, titha kukhala otsimikiza za zomwe tapezazo.

Tinaona kuti 90% yaanthu ali ndi amuna omwe amafuna kuti awonere zolaula kwambiri. Palibe kukaikira kuti zolaula zimatengera momwe timawonera zogonana; Pazofufuza zathu, amuna 65 peresenti okha ndi omwe amawona kuti kugonana ndi bwenzi ndikosangalatsa kuposa kuonera zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, 20% adaona kuti akufunika kuwonera zolaula kwambiri kuti akhale ndi mwayi wofanana ndi kale. Timakhulupilira kuti mavuto a kusokonekera kwa erectile omwe amaphatikizana ndi zolaula za porn zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwaulemu.

Gawo lathu lotsatira mu kafukufukuyu kuti ndiziwone zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa erectile, ndikupanga kafukufuku wofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula za akazi. Pakadali pano, tikukhulupirira kuti madokotala omwe akukhudzana ndi vuto la erectile ayenera kufunsanso zolaula ”.

Pothirira ndemanga, Pulofesa Maarten Albersen (University of Leuven, Belgium) adati:

“Izi ndi maphunziro osangalatsa a Prof.De Win komanso anzawo. Zitsanzozo zinali makamaka za anyamata omwe amalembedwa kudzera (pa media) pazosindikiza, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zitsanzo zikhale zotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula pa intaneti. Zonse-mu-zonse, phunziroli limadzetsa kuzindikira kosangalatsa poti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwa amuna kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya erectile komanso / kapena kukhutira ndi kugonana kapena kudzidalira panthawi yogonana.

Monga Pulofesa De Win akunenera, lingaliro loti zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa zitha kumveka bwino pakapita nthawi komanso kugonana-pakati pawo sikungayambitse chiwopsezo chofanana ndi zolaula. Kafukufukuyu amathandizira kutsutsana pamutuwu; akatswiri awonetsa kuti zolaula zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino komanso zoyipa, ndipo mwachitsanzo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo pothana ndi zovuta zogonana, chifukwa chake ili ndi malo omwe anthu amakangana ndipo mawu omaliza sananenedwe pamutuwu ".

Pulofesa Albersen sanachite nawo ntchitoyi, awa ndi ndemanga yoyima pawokha.

Phunziro lasindikizidwa tsopano.

Zotsatira: Malinga ndi ziwerengero zawo za IIEF-5, 21.48% (444/2067) mwa omwe adachita nawo zachiwerewere (monga omwe adayesa kugonana m'masabata anayi apitawa) anali ndi ED pang'ono. Ziwerengero zapamwamba za CYPAT zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kunali kovuta kunapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi waukulu wa ED, pomwe ankalamulira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana. Kuchuluka kwa maliseche sikunawonekere kukhala chinthu chofunikira poyesa ED.

Kutsiliza: Kufalikira kwa ED mwa anyamata ndikwambiri, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu ndi PPC.

51) Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi: umboni wochokera pachitsanzo chachikulu chautali (2022)

Kafukufuku wamkulu yemwe adachita kafukufuku wamkulu wopitilira 20,000 olankhula Chifalansa pazaka ziwiri. Kuchokera pazotsatira:

Pakati pa amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kuwonjezereka kwa zolaula pakapita nthawi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kugonana, kusokonezeka kwa kugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana komwe kumanenedwa ndi mnzanu.

Kutengera ndi njira yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito popanga kafukufuku komanso kuwunika kwa data, ofufuzawo adati zomwe adapeza zitha kuwonetsa umboni woyambitsa:

Zomwezo zidakhalabe zomwezo, ndikuwonjezera kutsimikizika (koma osati kutsimikizika) kuti zomwe zapezazo ndizoyambitsa. 

Nkhani yokhudza kampeni yaposachedwa ya spin: Akatswiri Ogonana Amakana Zolaula Zoyambitsa ED Podzinenera Kuti Kuseweretsa Maliseche Ndi Vuto (2016)

52) Chizoloŵezi Chogonana Paintaneti: Kuwunika Koyenera kwa Zizindikiro za Amuna Ofunafuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Zolemba zamaphunziro:

Ambiri mwa ophunzirawo adatsimikiza kuti pali mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupweteka kwa mbolo chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yodziseweretsa maliseche, kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa maliseche , komanso kutulutsa umuna msanga chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chilakolako chawo chogonana, komanso kutaya chidwi ndi kugonana kwachibadwa.

Mndandanda # 2: Kafukufuku wofotokoza kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kapena kukhutira ndiubwenzi

Malinga ndi ofufuza, anthu amene amasonyeza “kuchita bwino pakukwatirana,” amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Amanenanso kuti sakumva bwino kwambiri, ndipo amakhutira kwambiri ndi miyoyo yawo. Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2018 , mmodzi mwa awiriwa tsopano akukumana ndi mavuto oyamba kapena kusunga ubale wapamtima.

Pofika mu 2020, maphunziro opitilira 80 agwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana komanso ubale. Ngakhale maphunziro ochepa adagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi ndi kukhutira kwabwino (kapena kosalowerera ndale) pakugonana, ambiri sanatero (onani mndandanda uwu: Maphunziro a zolaula okhudza akazi: Zotsatira zoyipa pakukonda kugonana, kukhutira kwa kugonana, ndi maubwenzi ). Monga momwe tikudziwira, maphunziro onse okhudzana ndi amuna adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana kapena ubale. Pansipa pali magawo awiri.

• M'chigawo choyamba, mapepala 1, 2 & 3 amafufuza / kuwunika meta, kuphunzira # 4 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amayesa kusiya zolaula kwa masabata a 3, ndipo maphunziro a 5 mpaka 10 amatenga nthawi yayitali.
• Mu gawo lachiwiri maphunziro adalembedwa motsatira nthawi.

1) Zithunzi zolaula Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwanitsa: Meta-Analysis (2017)

Kusanthula kumeneku kwa kafukufuku wina wofufuza za kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana ndi ubale kunanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kunkagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana ndi ubale (kukhutitsidwa ndi anthu). Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena amanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali ndi zotsatira zochepa zoipa pa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana ndi ubale mwa akazi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi ochepa okha (anthu onse) amaonera zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zonse. Deta yoyimira dziko lonse kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri ku US (General Social Survey) inapeza kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi adapita ku "tsamba la zolaula" mwezi watha (2002-2004). Chidule:

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu m'mafukufuku osiyanasiyana, kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndi zoyeserera . Kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu sikunayang'aniridwe ndi chaka chomwe zidatulutsidwa kapena momwe zidafalitsidwira. Koma kusanthula kwa kugonana kunasonyeza zotsatira zofunika kwa amuna okha.

2) Malingaliro a amayi pa zofuna zawo zolaula ndi kugonana, kugonana, kudzikonda, ndi thupi kukhutira: kumayendedwe opangidwa (2017)

Zowonjezera:

Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku wochuluka komwe kwachitika mpaka pano kwa pepalali kumathandizira lingaliro lakuti akazi ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi lingaliro lakuti okondedwa awo amakonda zolaula. Mu kusanthula kwakukulu kuphatikiza maphunziro onse omwe alipo, kuwona okondedwa ngati ogula zolaula kunalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusakhutira pang'ono pakati pa ubale, kugonana, komanso thupi. Kugwirizana kwa kudzikhutiritsa kunalinso koipa. Zotsatira zake zinasonyezanso kuti kukhutiritsa kwa akazi nthawi zambiri kumachepa poyerekeza ndi lingaliro lakuti okondedwa awo amaonera zolaula pafupipafupi.

Kuzindikira kuti amuna omwe amagonana nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi kugonana komanso kugonana.

Pomalizira, kuthekera kwa bukhu losindikizidwa kunayambanso kufufuza. Zowonongeka, zotsatira sizinawononge kuti zokopa zofalitsa ndizofunika kwambiri m'mabuku awa.

3) Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ubwenzi: Khazikitsani Njira Zazikulu Zoyendera Zowonera Zolaula ndi Njira 31 Zogwirizanirana pa Mitundu 30 Yofufuzira Zinthu (2019)

Ndemanga pa kafukufuku wa dziko lonse wa 4 okha, kuphatikizapo General Social Survey yomwe ikukayikiridwa kwambiri yomwe idayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi funso lakale: "kodi mwawonera filimu yoyesedwa X chaka chino". Chofunika kudziwa: zolemba za wolembayo zidapangidwa kuti zipereke lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikoipa kwenikweni, kapena kuti ubale woipa ungayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa wolemba Samuel Perry ndi "katswiri" wodzitamandira wa tsamba lothandizira zolaula - www.real yourbrainonporn.com . RealYBOP ikuchita kuphwanya malamulo osaloledwa a malonda ndi squatting , ili ndi "akatswiri" omwe amalipidwa ndi makampani opanga zolaula , ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito akaunti yake ya twitter kunyoza ndi kuzunza omwe amalankhula za zoyipa za zolaula. Komabe , Perry sanathe kubisa kwathunthu mfundo yakuti ubale woipa nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Zowonjezera:

Zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku woyimilira mayiko 30, omwe pamodzi anaphatikiza miyeso 31 yaubwenzi: 1973-2018 General Social Surveys (1 mobwerezabwereza); 2006 Zithunzi za American Life Study (njira 13); 2012 Phunziro la Zatsopano Zabanja Latsopano (Njira 12); ndi 2014 Ubale mu America Survey (njira 5). Izi zidaloleza mayeso 57 odziyimira pawokha omwe amayesa kuyanjana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira za ubale kwa anthu okwatirana aku America komanso mayeso odziyimira pawokha a 29 aku America osakwatirana.

Kwa anthu okwatirana ndi osakwatira aku America, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunali kogwirizana kapena kosagwirizana ndi zotsatira zonse za ubale. Mayanjano ofunikira anali ochepa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kupatulapo chinthu chimodzi chosadziwika bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunagwirizane ndi ubwino wa ubale . Mayanjano nthawi zina ankayang'aniridwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okha, koma m'njira zosasinthasintha. Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyu sananene chilichonse chokhudza chifukwa chake, zomwe zapezeka zatsimikizira momveka bwino kuti, nthawi zina pamene kuonera zolaula kumakhudzana ndi ubwino wa ubale, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro cha ubwino wa ubale, kwa amuna ndi akazi.

4) Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012)

Phunziroli lidakhala ndi maphunziro omwe amayesa kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Kenako idafanizira magulu awiriwo. Iwo omwe akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanenanso kuti ali odzipereka kwambiri kuposa omwe anayesa kupewa. Zolemba:

Phunziro 1 linapeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu kunkagwirizana ndi kudzichepetsa

Phunzirani otsogolera a 3 anapatsidwa mwachangu kuti asamawonere zolaula kapena ntchito yodziletsa. Anthu omwe adapitiliza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula amaonetsa kudzipereka kwakukulu kusiyana ndi kulamulira anthu.

Phunzirani 5 inapeza kuti zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi kusakhulupirika ndipo gululi ndilopakatikati mwa kudzipereka. Zowonongeka, zotsatira zotsatizana zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo magawo ena (Study 1), kuwonetsa (Phunziro 2), kuyesera (Phunziro 3), ndi data (Studies 4 ndi 5).

5) Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Chidule:

Deta yochokera ku zitsanzo zambiri za okwatirana kumene yasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kuli ndi zotsatirapo zoipa kuposa zabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwa amuna kunachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM pakapita nthawi ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kunachepetsa kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhutira kwambiri ndi kugonana kwa amuna kunaneneratu kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi awo chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi sikunasinthe kukhutira kwa kugonana kwa amuna awo.

6) Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016)

Kafukufuku woyamba wamtundu woyambira pamagulu oyimira okwatirana. Zinapeza vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakukwatirana kwa nthawi yayitali. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito deta yodziwika bwino padziko lonse (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) kuti aone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumakhudza ubwino wa ukwati pambuyo pake komanso ngati izi zimasinthidwa malinga ndi jenda. Kawirikawiri, anthu okwatirana omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 adanena kuti khalidwe la ukwati ndi lotsika kwambiri mu 2012, zomwe sizinkayang'anira khalidwe la ukwati wakale komanso zomwe zikugwirizana nazo. Zotsatira za zolaula sizinali kungosonyeza kusakhutira ndi moyo wogonana kapena kupanga zisankho za ukwati mu 2006. Ponena za mphamvu yeniyeni, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 kunali kwachiwiri kwamphamvu kwambiri komwe kumawonetsa khalidwe la ukwati mu 2012. Komabe, zotsatira za kuyanjana zidavumbulutsa kuti zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa khalidwe la ukwati zinkakhudza amuna, koma osati akazi.

Zindikirani: Pamene wolembayo anafunsidwa payekha za chiwerengero cha akazi omwe adanena kuti akukhutira kwambiri pamene kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezeka, iye anati:

Sindikukumbukira nambala yeniyeni yomwe inali pamwamba pamutu panga, koma ndimakumbukira kuti inali yaying'ono kwambiri.

7) Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Zokwatirana (2017)

Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito gulu lomwe likuyimira gulu la General Social Survey lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zikwi za akulu aku America. Omwe anafunsidwa anafunsidwa katatu za momwe amaonera zolaula komanso maukwati awo - zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira 2006-2010, 2008-2012, kapena 2010-2014. Zolemba:

Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa mafunde ofufuza kunachulukitsa pafupifupi mwayi wa munthu wosudzulana pofika nthawi yotsatira ya kafukufuku, kuchoka pa 6 peresenti kufika pa 11 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi katatu kwa akazi, kuchoka pa 6 peresenti kufika pa 16 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula, m'mikhalidwe ina ya anthu, kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa bata la banja. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa mafunde ofufuza kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi mwayi wochepa wa kusudzulana, koma kwa akazi okha.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adawona kuti omwe adayankha omwe adafunsidwa kuti ali ndi chisangalalo chokwatirana adachita gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira kukula kwa kuyanjana ndi zolaula zomwe zingachitike posudzulana. Mwa anthu omwe adanena kuti anali "osangalala kwambiri" muukwati wawo pamafunde oyamba, kuwonera zolaula zisanachitike kafukufukuyu adalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu - kuchokera pa 3% mpaka 12% - mwayi woti banja lithe posachedwa kafukufuku wotsatira uja.

Kufufuza kwina kunasonyezanso kuti mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mwayi wosudzulana unali wolimba kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata aku America, omwe sanali achipembedzo kwenikweni, ndi omwe adanena kuti banja lawo lidzakhala losangalala kwambiri.

8) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera mu 2006 ndi 2012 ya Portraits of American Life Study yodziwika bwino mdziko lonse, nkhaniyi idafufuza ngati anthu okwatirana aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006, kaya nthawi zonse kapena pafupipafupi, anali ndi mwayi wopeza kulekana kwa mabanja pofika chaka cha 2012. Kusanthula kwa binary logistic regression kunawonetsa kuti anthu okwatirana aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kuti apeze kulekana pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atalamulira chisangalalo cha m'banja cha 2006 komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu . Komabe, ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kulekana kwa mabanja unali wozungulira. Mwayi woti anthu okwatirana apatukane pofika chaka cha 2012 unakula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 mpaka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kenako unachepa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kwambiri.

9) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati anthu aku America omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kaya nthawi zonse kapena mobwerezabwereza, amakonda kunena kuti akumana ndi kutha kwa chibwenzi pakapita nthawi. Deta ya nthawi yayitali idatengedwa kuchokera ku mafunde a 2006 ndi 2012 a Portraits of American Life Study yoyimira dziko lonse. Kusanthula kwa binary logistic regression kunawonetsa kuti anthu aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kunena kuti adakumana ndi kutha kwa chibwenzi pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atayang'anira zinthu zofunika monga momwe ubale wawo ulili mu 2006 ndi zina zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu . Kugwirizana kumeneku kunali kolimba kwambiri kwa amuna kuposa akazi komanso kwa anthu osakwatiwa aku America kuposa kwa anthu okwatirana aku America. Kusanthula kunawonetsanso ubale wolunjika pakati pa momwe anthu aku America amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 ndi mwayi wawo wotha kutha pofika chaka cha 2012.

10) Zithunzi zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Ukwati Kulowa Pakati pa Okalamba Achikulire: Zotsatira Zophunzira Pagulu la Achinyamata Achimerika (2018)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuza izi mwa njira yosiyana pofufuza (1) kaya zolaula zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polowera m'banja nthawi yayitali komanso (2) ngati mgwirizanowu ukuyendetsedwa ndi amuna ndi akazi komanso ziphunzitso ziwiri, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zonsezi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ukwati wapabanja. Deta zapamwamba zinkatengedwa kuchokera ku mafunde 1, 3, ndi 4 a National Study of Youth and Religion, maphunziro oimira dziko lonse a Amwenye ochokera kudziko lawo kuyambira zaka zaunyamata mpaka zaka zambiri (N = 1,691). Iwo ankadziwidwa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafunde oyambirira angayambe kukonda kugonana komwe kungapangitse kuti banja liziyenda bwino ngati malo, ndipo, makamaka kwa amuna achipembedzo, akhoza kulepheretsa ukwati kukhala "wololedwa" kukhala wogonana.

Zotsatira zinatsimikizira kuti, poyerekeza ndi ziwonetsero zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafilimu apamwamba owonetseratu akugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala achikulire akugwirizanitsidwa ndi mwayi wochepa waukwati ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a amuna, koma osati amayi. Kusonkhana uku sikunayendezedwe ndi chipembedzo chifukwa cha amuna kapena akazi.

Maphunziro otsalawa adatchulidwa ndi tsiku lofalitsidwa:

1) Zotsatira za Kusungunuka kwa Amuna Achichepere Kuwoneka Kwambiri kwa Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna (1984) - Ndemanga:

Ophunzira achichepere achimuna adawonetsedwa (a) zochitika zachilengedwe kapena (b) akazi okongola poyerekeza ndi (c) akazi osakongola m'mikhalidwe yokopa chilakolako cha kugonana. Pambuyo pake, adawunika kukongola kwa atsikana awo ndikuwunika kukhutira kwawo ndi akazi awo. Pazithunzi za mawonekedwe okongola a thupi la bere lathyathyathya ndi matako odzaza ndi mphuno, kuwonekera kwa akazi okongola kunkachepetsa kukongola kwa akazi anzawo, pomwe kuwonekera kwa akazi osakongola kunkawonjezera kukongola kwawo. Pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi okongola, kukongola kwa akazi anzawo kunatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuyesedwa komwe kunapangidwa pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi osakongola; kukongola kumeneku kunatenga malo apakati pambuyo powonekera. Komabe, kusintha kwa kukongola kwa akazi sikunagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kukhutira ndi akazi anzawo.

2) Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zambiri Pakati pa Makhalidwe Abanja (1988)- Ndemanga:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumutsidwa anadziwika ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe si zachilendo kapena zosavomerezeka. Chiwonetsero chinali mu magawo ola lililonse mu masabata asanu otsatira. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adagwirizana nawo mosagwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu komanso zosangalatsa zawo. Ukwati, mgwirizano wokondana, ndi nkhani zowonjezereka zinaweruzidwa pafunso lofunika kwambiri la funso-la-Marriage. Zomwe anapeza zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.

Kuwonetsetsa kunayambitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa kugonana koyambirira kapena kosakwatirana komanso kulekerera kwambiri kugonana kosagwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Chimalimbikitsa chikhulupiliro chakuti chiwerewere ndi chachiwerewere ndi chachibadwa komanso kuti kuponderezedwa kwa chiwerewere kumawopsa. Chiwonetsero chimachepetsa kuyesa kwaukwati, kupanga chionetsero ichi kukhala chosafunika kwambiri komanso chosatheka kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Kuwonetsetsa kunachepetsanso chilakolako chokhala ndi ana komanso kulimbikitsa kuvomereza kulamulidwa kwa amuna komanso ukapolo wazimayi. Ndi zochepa zochepa, zotsatirazi zinali zunifolomu kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe anafunsidwa komanso kwa ophunzira komanso osaphunzira.

3) Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988) - Ndemanga:

Ophunzira aamuna ndi aakazi komanso osaphunzira adawonetsedwa makanema owonetsa zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa kapena zinthu zopanda vuto. Kuwonetsedwa kwawo kunali mu magawo ola limodzi m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ophunzirawo adachita nawo kafukufuku wosagwirizana pankhani ya mabungwe azachikhalidwe ndi zokhutiritsa zawo. [Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziyesa kwa zomwe adakumana nazo pakugonana. Pambuyo poonera zolaula, ophunzirawo adanenanso kuti sakukhutira ndi anzawo apamtima—makamaka, ndi chikondi cha anzawowa, mawonekedwe awo, chidwi chawo chogonana, komanso momwe amachitira zogonana moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzirawo adapereka kufunika kwakukulu kwa kugonana popanda kukhudzidwa ndi malingaliro. Zotsatirazi zinali zofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso anthu ambiri.

4) Chikoka cha anthu ambiri otchuka pa ziweruzo za alendo komanso okwatirana (1989) - Ndemanga:

Mu Kuyesera 2, amuna ndi akazi omwe adakumana ndi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi osiyana. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, panali kuyanjana kwa kugonana kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo ndi vuto la chilakolako cha kugonana. Zotsatira zochepa za kuwonekera pakati pa kugonana zidapezeka kwa amuna okha omwe adakumana ndi maliseche a akazi. Amuna omwe adapeza kuti pakatikati pa kugonana kwa Playboy -type centerfolds anali osangalatsa kwambiri adadziona kuti sakonda akazi awo kwenikweni.

5) Maulendo a abambo ndi amayi: Zotsatira zolaula pazimayi (1999) - Ndemanga:

Gawo la kuyankhulana komwe akaziwa adakambirana za ubale wawo wapano kapena wakale ndi amuna lidawonetsa chidziwitso chowonjezera pa momwe zolaula zimakhudzira maubwenzi otere. Akazi khumi ndi asanu anali, kapena anali, muubwenzi ndi amuna omwe amabwereka kapena kugula zolaula nthawi zina. Mwa akazi 15 awa, anayi adawonetsa kusakonda kwakukulu chidwi cha amuna awo kapena anzawo pa nthawi yopuma pa zolaula. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna kunakhudza momwe akazi amamvera za iwo eni, malingaliro awo ogonana, komanso maubwenzi awo apabanja.

6) Zomwe Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Zithunzi Zolaula (2004) - Ndemanga:

Deta yonse ya ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti 531 yatengedwa kuchokera ku General Social Surveys ya 2000. Njira zoyezera maubwenzi a anthu zimaphatikizapo maubwenzi achipembedzo, ukwati, ndi ndale. Njira zoyezera kutenga nawo mbali m'moyo wosagwirizana ndi kugonana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kuwongolera anthu zikuphatikizidwa. Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa logistic regression zinapeza kuti pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimawonetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito cyberporn panali maubwenzi ofooka ndi chipembedzo komanso kusowa kwa ukwati wosangalala.

7) Kugonana ku America Online: Kufufuza za kugonana, Chikhalidwe cha m'banja, ndi kugonana pa Intaneti pakufuna kugonana ndi zotsatira zake (2008) - Chidule:

Uwu unali kafukufuku wofufuza za kugonana ndi kufunafuna chibwenzi pa intaneti, kutengera kafukufuku wa anthu 15,246 omwe adafunsidwa ku United States. Amuna 75 pa 100 ndi akazi 41% adaonera kapena kutsitsa zolaula mwadala. Amuna ndi amuna kapena akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali ndi mwayi wopeza zolaula kapena kuchita zinthu zina zogonana pa intaneti poyerekeza ndi akazi osakwatira kapena amuna. Ubale wofanana unawululidwa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chifukwa choonera zolaula, akazi akunena za zotsatirapo zoipa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kutsika kwa mawonekedwe a thupi, kutsutsa thupi la anzawo, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti achite zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa m'mafilimu olaula, komanso kugonana kwenikweni, pomwe amuna adanenanso kuti amadzudzula kwambiri thupi la anzawo ndipo sakonda kugonana kwenikweni.

8) Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009) - Ndemanga:

Pakati pa Meyi 2006 ndi Meyi 2007, tinachita kafukufuku wa ma wave atatu pakati pa achinyamata 1,052 aku Dutch azaka zapakati pa 13-20. Kuyerekeza kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu kunawonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa ku SEIM nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana kwa achinyamata. Kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana (mu Wave 2) kunawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM (mu Wave 3) . Zotsatira za kuwonetsedwa ku SEIM pa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana sizinali zosiyana pakati pa achinyamata aamuna ndi aakazi.

9) Akazi Amakumana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Chinyengo ndi Chinyengo Monga Chophatikizapo Choopsya Pachibwenzi Chachikulu Chachiwiri (2009) - Ndemanga:

Umboni ukukulirakulira wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungawononge kudalirana pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi muubwenzi wa akuluakulu. Kafukufuku wapeza zotsatira zitatu zokhudzana ndi kukondana kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi chinyengo cha amuna: (1) kukula kwa mzere wolakwika pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi muubwenzi, womwe umachokera ku kusakhulupirika komwe kumawoneka; (2) kutsatiridwa ndi kusagwirizana kwakukulu komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mtunda pakati pa akazi ndi amuna awo; (3) kutha kwa ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi chifukwa cha kusatetezeka m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo muubwenzi. Ponseponse, akazi adanena kuti kusakhulupirirana padziko lonse lapansi kukuwonetsa kusweka kwa kukondana.

10) Kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ogonana komanso kugwirizana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (2010)

Kugawana zolaula kunali bwino kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ndekha. Koma ndi mabanja angati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula limodzi? Osachuluka kwambiri. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumakhalabe koipa kwa amuna. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu adawunika momwe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana ndi munthu m'modzi kapena onse awiri a dyad yachikondi kumakhudzira ubale ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana. Okwatirana 217 okwatirana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adamaliza kafukufuku wa pa intaneti womwe udawunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana, ubale ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana, komanso kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana ndi amuna kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa koipa mwa amuna, pomwe kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana ndi akazi kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwabwino mwa amuna . Zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito njira zogonana zimasiyana malinga ndi jenda: Amuna adanena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana podziseweretsa maliseche, pomwe akazi adanenanso kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana ngati gawo la chibwenzi ndi anzawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana zogawana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ubale poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana zokha.

11) Kufufuza ojambula ndi othandizana nawo za kugonana pakati pa okwatirana (2010) - Ndemanga:

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction, tikuganizira momwe kusakhulupirika, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kukhutira m'banja, kuchuluka kwa kugonana, kugonana musanalowe m'banja, ndi kukhala limodzi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhutira kwa kugonana kwa okwatirana. Deta yochokera kwa okwatirana 433 imasanthulidwa ndi zitsanzo za equation kuti adziwe zomwe zaperekedwa. Pomaliza, umboni wina ukusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuti munthu ndi mkazi wake akhutire ndi kugonana, makamaka pamene zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwamuna m'modzi yekha.

12) Anthu omwe sanamvepo SEM adanena kuti chikhalidwe chapamwamba pa chiyanjano chili chonse kuposa omwe anawona SEM yekha (2011) - Ndemanga:

Monga momwe zilili, anthu omwe sanagone SEM (zolaula) amatha kulankhulana molakwika komanso kudzipatulira kwapadera kusiyana ndi anthu omwe ankawona SEM okha kapena onse awiri komanso wokondedwa wawo.

13) Mgwirizano pakati pa anthu achichepere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolaula komanso zofuna zawo zogonana, makhalidwe, ndi kukhutira (2011) - Zolemba:

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula pafupipafupi (SEM) kunalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana komanso ubale . Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito SEM ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya SEM yomwe inawonedwa zonse zinali zogwirizana ndi zokonda zapamwamba zogonana za mitundu ya machitidwe ogonana omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa mu SEM. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEM kungathandize kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko cha kugonana kwa achinyamata.

Mwachindunji, maulendo apamwamba owonetsera anali ogwirizanitsa ndi kugonana kosachepera ndi chiyanjano cha chiyanjano pamene akulamulira za chikhalidwe, chipembedzo, chibwenzi ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu ya SEM.

Popeza kuti achinyamata ambiri mu kafukufukuyu adanena kuti agwiritsa ntchito SEM, zotsatira zake ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka kwa anyamata.

14) Kuwona Zida Zogonana Pokha Pokha Kapena Palimodzi: Maubwenzi ndi Relationship Quality (2011)- Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu anafufuzanso mabungwe pakati pa kuyang'ana zinthu zolaula (SEM) ndi ubale wogwira ntchito mwachitsanzo cha anthu osakwatirana a 1291 mu chibwenzi. Amuna ambiri (76.8%) kuposa akazi (31.6%) adanena kuti anawona SEM okha, koma pafupifupi theka la abambo ndi amai nthawi zina amawona SEM ndi anzawo (44.8%).

Anthu omwe sanawonepo SEM adanena kuti ubale wawo unali wabwino kwambiri pa zizindikiro zonse kuposa omwe adawona SEM yokha . Anthu omwe adawona SEM yokha ndi okondedwa awo adanenanso kuti anali odzipereka kwambiri komanso okhutira kwambiri pa kugonana kuposa omwe adawona SEM yokha. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa omwe sanawonepo SEM ndi omwe adawonapo ndi okondedwa awo okha ndikuti omwe sanawonepo anali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kusakhulupirika.

15) Zithunzi zolaula ndi kusudzulana (2011)- Ndemanga:

Timayesa ngati zolaula zimayambitsa chisudzulo. Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya boma pa kuchuluka kwa chisudzulo ndi malonda a magazini ya Playboy, timalemba ubale wamphamvu pakati pa malonda a Playboy ndi kuchuluka kwa chisudzulo. Kugwirizana kosavuta pakati pa chisudzulo ndi malonda omwe achedwa zaka ziwiri ndi 44 peresenti, ndi T-statistic ya 20. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kumeneku ndikolimba pakugwiritsa ntchito theka loyamba la chitsanzocho, kusintha kusiyana konse kwa boma ndi zochitika zilizonse za nthawi mwa kuphatikiza zotsatira zokhazikika za boma ndi chaka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chofunikira kuti chikonze kusiyana kulikonse komwe kungachitike pakugulitsa kwa Playboy. Kuchuluka kwa chisudzulo kumagwirizananso kwambiri ndi malonda a Penthouse koma sikukugwirizana ndi malonda a magazini ya Time. Kuyerekeza kwathu konse kukusonyeza kuti zolaula mwina zidayambitsa 10 peresenti ya zisudzulo zonse ku United States m'ma 1960 ndi 1970.

16) Mauthenga Amayi Akazi Achikulire Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula za Amuna Awo Achikondi Amagwiritsira ntchito ngati Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubale Wawo, ndi Kugonana Kwaokha (2012) - Ndemanga:

Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna, kawirikawiri komanso movutikira, pa thanzi la maganizo ndi ubale wa akazi omwe ali ndi akazi kapena amuna pakati pa akazi 308 achichepere aku koleji. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti malipoti a akazi onena kuti akazi awo amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi anali ogwirizana ndi ubwino wa ubale wawo . Malingaliro ambiri okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula movutikira anali ogwirizana ndi kudzidalira, ubwino wa ubale, komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana.

17) Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ndani amagwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe zimakhudzira zotsatira zake (2013) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, tanthauzo lomwe anthu amaliphatikiza ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, khalidwe la kugonana, ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale. Ophunzirawo anali maanja (N = maanja 617) omwe anali okwatirana kapena okhala limodzi panthawi yomwe detayo inasonkhanitsidwa. Zotsatira zonse kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pankhani ya ma profiles ogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kugwirizana kwa zolaula ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi ubale. Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna kunali kogwirizana ndi khalidwe la kugonana la amuna ndi akazi, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akazi kunali kogwirizana ndi khalidwe la kugonana la akazi.

18) Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti ndi Kuwona kwa Akazi pa Kugonana Kwambiri (Extramarital Sex): Phunziro Lofufuza (2013) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu adawunikanso mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kwa akazi achikulire aku US ndi momwe amaonera kugonana kunja kwa ukwati pogwiritsa ntchito deta yoperekedwa ndi General Social Survey (GSS). Ubale wabwino pakati pa kuonera zolaula pa intaneti ndi malingaliro abwino ogonana kunja kwa ukwati wapezeka.

19) Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso khalidwe lachiwerewere pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a ku Norway omwe ali ndi zosiyana zogonana (2013)

Zobisika mu phunziroli: Zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa abambo zimalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa pakugonana (kapena "kusakhutira kwakukulu pakugonana").

20) Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014) - Zolemba:

Tinagwiritsa ntchito deta ya akuluakulu 20,000 omwe adakwatiranapo mu General Social Survey kuti tiwone ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuonera mafilimu olaula ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera ubwino waukwati. Tinapeza kuti akuluakulu omwe adawonera kanema wa X-rated chaka chatha anali ndi mwayi waukulu wosudzulana, anali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi chibwenzi kunja kwa ukwati, komanso anali ndi mwayi wochepa woti anene kuti akusangalala ndi ukwati wawo kapena kukhala osangalala. [Kafukufuku wathu] adapezanso kuti, kwa amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepetsa ubale wabwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kugonana ndi chisangalalo.

Pomaliza, tinapeza kuti kugonana kolakwika pakati pa zolaula ndizokwanira, nthawi zonse, zimakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi, pomwe zolaula zakhala zosavuta komanso zosavuta.

21) Kuposa chigwirizano? Kuonera zolaula komanso kugonana kosakwatirana pakati pa anthu akuluakulu a ku America (2014) - Zolemba:

Lipoti lalifupi ili linagwiritsa ntchito deta ya dziko lonse yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zitsanzo ziwiri zosiyana za akuluakulu okwatirana aku US. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo choyamba mu 2006 ndi 2008. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo chachiwiri mu 2008 ndi 2010. Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro ophunzirira pa nkhani za pa TV, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'mbuyomu kunagwirizana ndi malingaliro abwino ogonana kunja kwa ukwati m'zitsanzo zonse ziwiri , ngakhale atayang'anira malingaliro akale ogonana kunja kwa ukwati ndi zovuta zina zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zingachitike.

Zonse pamodzi, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa kupeza ndi kuyambitsa zolemba zogonana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula ambiri kuti adziwe momwe amaonera kugonana (Wright, 2013a; Wright et al., 2012a).

22) Zithunzi zolaula za Amuna a ku Korea zimagwiritsa ntchito, Chidwi chawo pa zolaula zoopsa kwambiri, ndi kugonana kwa Dyadic (2014) - Ndemanga:

Ophunzira a ku koleji a amuna aku South Korea okwana mazana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi anayi adachita nawo kafukufuku wa pa intaneti. Ambiri mwa omwe adayankha adaonera zolaula, ndipo kwa iwo omwe adachita zogonana (470 omwe adayankha), tidapeza kuti chidwi chachikulu pa zolaula zonyansa kapena zoopsa kwambiri chinali chogwirizana ndi zomwe zidachitika pochita sewero la zolaula ndi mnzanu, komanso kukonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti akwaniritse ndikusunga chisangalalo chogonana kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu.

Tapeza kuti chidwi chachikulu chowonera zolaula zonyansa kapena zoopsa ... chili ndi ubale wabwino ... ndi nkhawa zogonana.

23) Zithunzi zolaula ndi zolemba za amuna ndi akazi: Kufufuza za kugonana ndi kugonana (2014) - Ndemanga:

Tikunena kuti zolaula zimapanga zolemba zogonana zomwe zimatsogolera zochitika zogonana. Pofuna kuyesa izi, tidafunsa amuna aku koleji 487 (azaka 18-29) ku United States kuti tiyerekeze kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zomwe amakonda komanso nkhawa zogonana. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mwamuna akamaonera zolaula zambiri, amakhala ndi mwayi wozigwiritsa ntchito panthawi yogonana, kupempha zochita zinazake zogonana ndi mnzake, kupanga zithunzi za zolaula mwadala panthawi yogonana kuti asunge chilakolako, komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa pa momwe amagwirira ntchito pogonana komanso mawonekedwe a thupi lake. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kunali kogwirizana ndi kusangalala ndi machitidwe ogonana ndi mnzanu.

24) Maganizo, Zachibale, ndi Zogonana Zogonana Zogwiritsa Ntchito Amuna Amuna Amodzi Amuna Amodzi Amuna Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Amodzi Amakondana (2014) - Ndemanga:

Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza zomwe zidachitika kale (monga mikangano pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso njira zolumikizirana) ndi zotsatira zake (monga kusakhazikika kwa ubale ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana) kwa amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa amuna 373 achinyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zomwe zapezeka zawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta zinali zokhudzana ndi kusakhazikika kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, njira zopewera komanso zodetsa nkhawa, kusakhazikika kwa ubale, komanso kukhutitsidwa pang'ono pogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zapezekazi zidathandizira chitsanzo chogwirizana chomwe kusakhazikika kwa amuna ndi akazi kumalumikizidwa ndi zotsatira za ubale mwachindunji komanso mwanjira ina kudzera munjira zolumikizirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

25) Mgwirizano pakati pa chiwerewere chogonana, zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuvomereza zithunzi zolaula pakati pa ophunzira a ku koleji a US (2014) - Ndemanga:

Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achikulire omwe akubwera 792, kafukufuku wapano adawunika momwe kuwunika kwa zolaula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuvomereza, komanso machitidwe ogonana muubwenzi kungapereke chidziwitso pakukula kwa achikulire omwe akutuluka. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso njira zovomerezeka.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo kugonana mkati mwa chiyanjano ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe okwera.

Zithunzi zolaula zogonana zogwiritsira ntchito sizinagwirizane ndi kugonana muzochita zogonana mu chiyanjano ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino.

26)  Buku la Msonkhano Wapachaka wa IASR Wolemba Zakale - Dubrovnik, Hrvatska, 25.-28. lipnja, 2014

Uwu ndi chidule cha nkhani yomwe Landripet ndi Stulhofer adapereka pamsonkhano wa zachiwerewere. Ofufuza awiriwa adasindikiza gawo la deta yawo mu "kulankhulana kwachidule" kumeneku, komwe kumatchulidwa kuti sikunapeze ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana. Zoona zake n'zakuti, "kulankhulana kwawo kwachidule" sikutchula mgwirizano wofunika kwambiri womwe watchulidwa mu pepala lawo: 40% yokha ya amuna aku Portugal ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kawirikawiri," pomwe 60% ya aku Norway ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kawirikawiri." Amuna aku Portugal anali ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri la kugonana kuposa aku Norway. Modabwitsa, Landripet & Stulhofer adasiya kulumikizana kwina katatu pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komwe adapereka pamsonkhano wa Dubrovnik :

Komabe, zolaula zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono koma zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chiwongolero cha kugonana pakati pa akazi ogonana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi zibwenzi komanso zachiwerewere zomwe zimafala pakati pa amayi.

Kufotokoza zomwe amakonda pa mitundu ina ya zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi erectile, koma osati kusokonekera kwa kugonana kwa amuna komwe kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako.

Kuyimitsa

N'zoonekeratu kuti Landripet ndi Stulhofer anasankha kusiya kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa vuto la kugonana ndi zomwe amakonda pa mitundu ina ya zolaula kuchokera mu pepala lawo "lalifupi". Ndizofala kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kufalikira m'mitundu yomwe sikugwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda poyamba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilendo kwa iwo kukhala ndi ED pamene zomwe amakonda pa zolaula sizikugwirizana ndi zochitika zenizeni zogonana. Monga tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi ya mabuku (ndi ndemanga iyi ya Landripet & Stulhofer ), ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula - osati maola okha pamwezi watha, kapena kuchuluka kwa chaka chatha.

27) Zinthu Zoweneratu Kugwiritsira Ntchito Pa Intaneti pogonana ndi Mavuto Popanga Maubale Ochezeka pakati pa Ogwiritsira Ntchito Amuna Kapena Akazi Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zogonana pa Intaneti (2015) - Ndemanga:

Phunziroli linagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo, kukonda zojambula zolaula, komanso mafunso okhudza chibwenzi pakati pa anthu a 267 (192 amuna ndi akazi a 75) amatanthauza zaka 28 ndi akazi a 25 omwe adatumizidwa ku malo apadera omwe adzipereka ku zolaula ndi Intaneti pa intaneti.

Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa regression zinasonyeza kuti zolaula, jenda, ndi kugonana pa intaneti zinaneneratu zovuta pa ubwenzi ndipo zinapereka 66.1% ya kusiyana kwa ziwerengero pa mafunso okhudza ubwenzi. Chachiwiri, kusanthula kwa regression kunasonyezanso kuti kulakalaka zolaula, jenda, ndi zovuta pakupanga ubale wapamtima zinaneneratu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kugonana pa intaneti ndipo zinapereka 83.7% ya kusiyana kwa ziwerengero pakugwiritsa ntchito kugonana pa intaneti.

28) Male Partners 'Zithunzi Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito Ubale Wachibale ndi Wokhudzana ndi Maganizo a Anthu: Ntchito ya Chikhulupiriro, Maganizo, ndi Investment (2015) - Ndemanga:

Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti malipoti a akazi okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna awo anali okhudzana ndi kusakhutira pang'ono ndi ubale wawo komanso kuvutika maganizo kwambiri. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wodziletsa zinasonyeza kuti zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna ndi akazi komanso kudalirana kwa ubale wawo komanso zotsatira zosalunjika za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna pa kukhutira ndi ubale wawo komanso kuvutika maganizo zinali zogwirizana ndi ndalama zomwe akazi ndi amuna amagwiritsa ntchito pa ubale wawo.

Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pamene abambo amadziwa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amayi omwe ali otsika kapena otanthawuza maukwati omwe ali ndi chibwenzi amakhala ndi chibwenzi chochepa. Potsirizira pake, zotsatira zathu zasonyeza kuti ubale pakati pa amuna ndi akazi umadziwika kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zotsatira za ubale ndi zamaganizo ziripo mosasamala kanthu za momwe amai amaonera zolaula

29) Kugwirizana kwa chikondi ndi kukwatirana m'banja ndi zolaula pakati pa ophunzira a ku yunivesite ku Birjand, Iran (2015)- Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wofotokozera za ubale wa anthu ndi anthu ena adachitika pa ophunzira 310 okwatirana omwe amaphunzira m'mayunivesite achinsinsi ndi aboma ku Birjand, m'chaka cha maphunziro cha 2012-2013 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankha zinthu mwachisawawa. Zikuoneka kuti zolaula zimakhudza kwambiri chikondi ndi kukhutira m'banja.

30) Kuchokera Kuipa Kuipa? Kuonera zolaula, Kugonana Zipembedzo, Kugonana, ndi Ukwati (2016) - Zolemba:

Ndimayesa malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku Wave 1 ya Portraits of American Life Study (PALS), yomwe idaperekedwa mu 2006. PALS ndi kafukufuku woimira dziko lonse wokhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi mitu yosiyanasiyana…. Poyang'ana maubwenzi awiri, mwachitsanzo chonse, kuonera zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa molakwika ndi kukhutira kwa banja lonse, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhutira muukwati wawo kuposa omwe amaonera zolaula kawirikawiri kapena omwe saonerapo.

31) Kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chiyanjano ndi chiyanjano ndi ntchito yochepetsera yogwirizana? (2016)

Olembawo adayesa kubisa zomwe apeza mu cholembedwacho ponena kuti kamodzi zogonana ndi ubale "zidawongoleredwa," sanapeze kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutira ndiubwenzi. Zoona: Kafukufukuyu adapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi ubale wosauka komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Chidule cha gawo lazokambirana:

Kwa amuna ndi akazi, mgwirizano wofunikira, koma wocheperako pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito SEM ndi kukhutira ndi ubale unapezeka, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEM kowonjezereka kunagwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

32) Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pazochita zogonana (2016) - Ndemanga:

Anthu 51.6% omwe ankadziwa kuti amuna awo anali ndi maganizo abwino, ananena kuti anali ndi maganizo oipa (kuvutika maganizo, nsanje), pomwe 77% adanenanso kuti amuna awo anali ndi maganizo olakwika. Anthu omwe sanali kuonera zithunzi zolaula anali okhutira kwambiri ndi moyo wawo wogonana poyerekeza ndi anzawo. Ngakhale kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula zofewa kwambiri kunali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa chilakolako chogonana, mafuta m'mimba, kuthekera kofika pachimake, komanso kudziseweretsa maliseche, sizinakhudze kwambiri kugonana kwa akazi pafupipafupi. Kuonera zithunzi zolaula zofewa kwambiri kumakhudza moyo wa akazi powonjezera kutopa ndi kugonana mwa amuna ndi akazi, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto m'maubwenzi.

32) Kulumikizana, Kugwiritsa Ntchito, ndi Kukondana Kwagwirizano pakati pa Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2016)- Ndemanga:

Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti kusiyana kwa kuvomereza zolaula komwe kumagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa okwatirana onse awiri komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa okwatiranawo kunali kogwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwawo pa kugonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa akazi kunapezeka kuti kukugwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana komwe kumagwirizana ndi okwatiranawo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunathandize kwambiri ubale pakati pa kuvomereza zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa pa kugonana.

34) Kusiyanasiyana kwa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Pakati pa Anthu Okwatirana: Zogwirizana ndi Kukhutira, Kukhazikika, ndi Kuyanjana (2016)- Ndemanga:

Phunziroli likugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha maukwati akuluakulu a 1755 mu maukwati ogonana ndi amuna okhaokha kuti aone momwe zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito pakati pa zibwenzi zingathe kugwirizana ndi zotsatira za ubale. Ngakhale kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsatira zoipa komanso zabwino, palibe phunziro lomwe lafufuza momwe kusiyana pakati pa zibwenzi kungakhazikitsire ubale wabwino.

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ogonana nawo pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kokhudzana ndi kusakhutira pang'ono ndi ubale, kukhazikika pang'ono, kulankhulana kosakhala bwino, komanso nkhanza zambiri pakati pa ubale. Kusanthula kwapakati kunasonyeza kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhanza pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, chilakolako chogonana chochepa, komanso kulankhulana kosakhala bwino pakati pa ogonana onse awiri zomwe zinaneneratu kuti kukhutira ndi kukhazikika pakati pa ubale ndi ogonana onse awiri kudzachepa.

35) Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti Kuchita ndi Kugonjera Kudzipereka kwa Anthu Okwatirana a ku Filipino (2016) - Ndemanga:

Zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti zili ndi mavuto ambiri, makamaka ku mgwirizano wa chiyanjano. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa kugonana. Choncho, izi zikhoza kufooketsa ubale wawo. Kuti adziwe kufunikira kwa zomwe akunenazo, ochita kafukufukuyu adafuna kufufuza za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa chiyanjano cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali pabanja ku Philippines.

Zawululidwa kuti kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudza kwambiri kudzipereka kwa anthu okwatirana ku Philippines. Kuphatikiza apo, kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kunafooketsa kudzipereka kwa anthu okwatirana ku Philippines komwe kumabweretsa ubale wosakhazikika. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudza kwambiri kudzipereka kwa anthu okwatirana ku Philippines.

36) Maganizo a chiyanjano cha chiyanjano ndi khalidwe loledzera: Kuyerekeza zolaula ndi cigologolo ntchito (2016) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufukuyu akuthandizira mabuku ambiri okhudza momwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzira malingaliro a maubwenzi achikondi. [Ida]fufuza ngati zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kwa mnzanu wachikondi ndizosiyana ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi machitidwe ena okakamiza kapena osokoneza bongo, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito chamba. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kwa mnzanu wachikondi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba chovuta kwa mnzanu wachikondi kumawonedwa kuti kumakhudzanso maubwenzi achikondi ndikuthandizira kuchepa kwa chikhutiro chaubwenzi.

37) Zotsatira za zinthu zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazondomeko za chikondi (2016)- Zolemba:

Makamaka, maanja, komwe palibe amene adagwiritsa ntchito, adanenanso kuti anali okhutira kwambiri ndi ubale wawo kuposa maanja omwe anali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito payekhapayekha. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale ( Cooper et al., 1999 ; Manning, 2006 ), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula paokha kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Chifukwa cha kugonana komwe kumagwiridwa nthawi zonse, ogwiritsira ntchito pawokha amasonyeza kuti sakugwirizana kwambiri ndi kudzipereka mu ubale wawo kusiyana ndi osagwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa nawo ntchito.

Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa momwe munthu amaonera zinthu zolaula nthawi zambiri kungayambitse zotsatirapo za ogwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku wathu adapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wokhutira ndi ubale wawo komanso kukhala paubwenzi wabwino.

38) Cyberpornography: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi, Kusokonezeka Kwachizolowezi, Kugonana, ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2016) - Ndemanga:

Choyamba, ngakhale poyang'anira chizolowezi chowonera zolaula za pa intaneti komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito pogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana . Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana kumeneku kunali kochepa, nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poonera zolaula za pa intaneti ikuwoneka kuti ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha kukhutitsidwa pang'ono ndi kugonana.

39) Mkhalidwe wa Ubale ukuwonetseratu kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pakati pa amuna ndi akazi achi China omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Relationships) (2016) - Ndemanga:

Mu kafukufukuyu, tafufuza zochitika zogonana pa intaneti (ma OSA) za amuna ndi akazi aku China omwe ali pachibwenzi chodzipereka, poyang'ana kwambiri makhalidwe a ma OSA ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zokhazikika kuchita ma OSA. Pafupifupi 89% ya omwe adatenga nawo mbali adanenanso za zomwe adakumana nazo pa OSA m'miyezi 12 yapitayi ngakhale atakhala ndi mnzawo weniweni. Monga momwe zidanenedweratu, anthu omwe ali ndi ubale wochepa m'moyo weniweni, kuphatikizapo kusakhutira pang'ono ndi ubale, kusagwirizana kosatetezeka, komanso njira zoyipa zolankhulirana, adachita ma OSA pafupipafupi . Ponseponse, zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusakhulupirika pa intaneti zingakhudzenso kusakhulupirika pa intaneti.

40) Udindo wa Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusakhulupirika Kwa Misonkhano pakati pa Ubwenzi, Chophatikizapo, ndi Amuna ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2017) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zathu zasonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zokhudzana ndi kugonana poonjezera kusakhulupirika kwachinyengo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kolakwika ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa amuna, koma kwa akazi kunali koyenera. Mwa amuna, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana, kukondweretsedwa, ndi kukhutitsidwa. Komabe, zotsatirazi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha kugonana kwa mnzawo komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana mwa awiriwa.

41) Kukula kwa Zovuta Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pulogalamu (PPCS) (2017)

Cholinga cha pepalali chinali kukhazikitsa mafunso ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Pochita izi munaphatikizapo kutsimikizira zida. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti zambiri pazogwiritsira ntchito zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kukhutira pogonana. Chidule:

Kukhutira ndi moyo wokhudzana ndi kugonana kunali kolekanitsa komanso koyenderana ndi PPCS.

42) Kuonera Zithunzi Zogonana Zogonana ku United States Malinga ndi Ukwati Wosankha ndi Moyo Wanu, Ntchito ndi Ndalama, Chipembedzo ndi Zinthu Zandale (2017)- Zolemba:

Kusanthula kunakhudza akuluakulu 11,372 omwe adayankha mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makanema ogonana mwachindunji mu General Social Survey (GSS) kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2014. Kuonera makanema otere kunali kogwirizana ndi kusasangalala pang'ono m'banja, ogonana nawo ambiri chaka chatha , kusakhutira pang'ono ndi momwe munthu alili pazachuma, kusakonda chipembedzo, komanso kukonda ndale momasuka.

Kuonera mafilimu ogonana poyera kumakhudzana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ubale woipa , malingaliro ndi machitidwe ogonana omasuka, mavuto azachuma, kusakhala ndi chidwi ndi chipembedzo kapena kudzipereka, komanso malingaliro andale omasuka.

43) Njira zachiyanjano pakati pa zolaula komanso kuchepetsa kugonana (2017) - Ndemanga:

Kutsogoleredwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kugonana, kulingalira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kufotokoza kafukufuku wapamtima pa zolaula, kugwirizanitsa anthu, ndi kukhutira pa kugonana, kufufuza komweku komweku akufufuza za anthu okhwima okhaokha anayesa njira yowonetsera zolaula zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kugonana kwabwino poganiza kuti zolaula chitukuko chachikulu cha chidziwitso cha kugonana, kukonda zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana, komanso kugonana kwa kugonana. Chitsanzocho chinathandizidwa ndi deta kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsa ndi kuona zithunzi zolaula kukhala gwero lalikulu la chidziwitso cha kugonana, chomwe chinali chokhudzana ndi zolaula pachisangalalo chogonana chogonana komanso kuwonetseratu kugonana. Kusankha zolaula kuti zikhale zosangalatsa za kugonana komanso kuyankhulana ndi kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugonana kosakwanira.

44) Udindo wochuluka wa kuganizira za kugonana: Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa moyo wa kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikuluzikulu za chiyanjano cha chiyanjano ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zovuta zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (2017) - Ndemanga:

Chitsanzo chomwe chinafufuzidwa chinawonetsa kuti malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana anali ndi mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kunangowonetsa zoyipa koma zofooka.

45) Iye Sangokhala Wina Aliyense: Mmene Zimakhudzira Kugonana pa Chiwonetsero (2017)

Izi "zimawonjezeka" ikufotokoza zoyesera zinayi zomwe zimakhudza kulakalaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zonse zikusonyeza kuti kuyerekezera zakugonana kumachepetsa chilakolako chofuna kukondana. Chidule:

Kukonda zinthu zongopeka zogonana kumawonjezera kukopa anthu ofuna kugonana, koma kumachepetsa kukopa anthu ofuna kugonana . Kafukufukuyu akuwonjezera mabuku okhudza zongopeka zogonana, kukopa anthu, komanso amapereka zotsatira zabwino pa kuonera zolaula , kugonana pa malonda, ndi maubwenzi.

46) Kodi Ubale Ulipo Pakati pa Kuonera Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pafupipafupi ndi Kugonana Kwambiri kwa Kugonana? Zotsatira Zochokera ku England ndi Germany (2017)- Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana siyana apeza kuti zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kosakwanira. Chilankhulo chomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri othandizira atolankhani mu zokambirana za mgwirizanowu chikusonyeza kuti kuyembekezera komwe kunachepetsa kukhutira makamaka chifukwa chafupipafupi-koma osati mobwerezabwereza-kumwa. Zoona zenizeni, komabe, zakhala zikuganiziranso. Kufufuza kwachidule kumagwirizana ndi kuti kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhala zochepa zofanana zokhutira ndi kugonana.

Deta ya kafukufuku kuchokera ku maphunziro awiri a akuluakulu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, limodzi lomwe linachitikira ku England ndi lina ku Germany, linagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zake zinali zofanana m'dziko lililonse ndipo sizinayang'aniridwe ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kusanthula kosavuta kunasonyeza kuti nthawi yomwe munthu amamwa mowa ikamakwana kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kumayamba kuchepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchepako kumakula ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe munthu amamwa mowa.

47) Zithunzi Zolaula Zowona Ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: A Quadratic Analysis (2017) - Zolemba

Nkhaniyi ikupereka zotsatira kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa akuluakulu pafupifupi 1,500 aku US. Kusanthula kwa quadratic kunawonetsa ubale wozungulira pakati pa kuonera zolaula zaumwini ndi kukhutira ndi kugonana mwanjira yozungulira kwambiri, yozungulira. Mtundu wa curvilinearity sunasiyane malinga ndi jenda la ophunzira, momwe alili paubwenzi, kapena chipembedzo.

Kwa magulu onse, panali mikwingwirima yoipa pamene kuonera kunachitika kamodzi pamwezi kapena kuposerapo. Zotsatirazi ndi zogwirizana zokha. Komabe, ngati malingaliro a zotsatira atengedwa, anganene kuti kuonera zolaula kamodzi pamwezi sikukhudza kwenikweni kukhutitsidwa, kuti kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kumayamba pamene kuonera kukuchitika kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwina kwa kuonera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukhutitsidwa.

48) Kufufuzira zaumoyo wokhudza kugonana ndi zolaula pakati pa kusudzulana-kufunsa akazi kumadzulo kwa Azerbaijan-Iran: Phunziro Lachigawo (2017)- Zolemba:

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha kuthetsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto pakati pa maanja ndizo zogonana ndi khalidwe laukwati. Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokayikira kuti zolaula zingakhudze kusudzulana kaya zabwino kapena zoipa. Choncho phunziro ili linayesa kugonana kwaukwati-kufunsa ku Urmia, Iran.

Mapeto: Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti omwe anali ndi zigoli zochepa zokhutiritsa kugonana, anali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha owonera makanema olaula . Kutengera ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kulabadira maphunziro a mabanja ndi mapulogalamu a uphungu makamaka pankhani yogonana kudzakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri.

49) Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere ndi khalidwe la kugonana (2017) - Zowonjezera:

Mu kafukufuku wofufuza zamatsenga, mafunso apaintaneti okhudza zizolowezi zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe la kugonana adadzazidwa ndi achinyamata 130 azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 30. Ngakhale kuti palibe kugwirizana kolondola pakati pa zizolowezi zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akazi, amuna amatha kumva zomwe zingawakhudze pa moyo wawo wogonana, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zizolowezi zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna zikugwirizana molakwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana komwe kumanenedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa moyo wawo wogonana.

50) Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula komanso kugwirizana ndi zofuna za kugonana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi akuyembekezera (2017)- Zolemba:

Kusanthula kwa multivariate regression kunawonetsa kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumalumikizidwa mwapadera ndi ziyembekezo zapamwamba za akazi pakugonana. Pakati pa amuna, kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumalumikizidwa mwapadera ndi zosokoneza zamaganizo zokhudzana ndi thupi ndi magwiridwe antchito panthawi yogonana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'mabuku sikunagwirizane mwapadera ndi zinthu izi pakati pa amuna kapena akazi. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amaonera zithunzi zolaula amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya kusatetezeka pakugonana komanso ziyembekezo zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula.

51) Udindo wa Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusakhulupirika Kwa Misonkhano pakati pa Ubwenzi, Chophatikizapo, ndi Amuna ndi Kukhutirana Pogonana (2017)

Kuphatikiza pa kukhulupirika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumalumikizananso ndi vuto lachiwerewere komanso kukondana. Zolemba:

Ofufuza ambiri ndi asing'anga ayesa kupeza zinthu zokhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa okwatirana ndi kugonana. Ena ayang'ana kwambiri pa umunthu [ 26 ] [ 27 ], ena ayang'ana kwambiri pa umunthu [ 33 ], kugonana [ 34 ], mikangano, chiwawa, kusowa kudzipereka [ 73 ], ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Makhalidwe atsopano okhudza ukadaulo wa makompyuta, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusakhulupirika pa intaneti, ndi nkhani za chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi ubale, ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu zitsanzo zatsopano zofotokozera. Zotsatira zathu zasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto a okwatirana ndi kugonana kudzera mu kuchuluka kwa kusakhulupirika pa intaneti. Zomwe zapezekazi zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mitundu "yamakono" ya kusakhulupirika. Ngakhale maphunziro am'mbuyomu asonyeza kuti maubwenzi awa apakompyuta sakuyimira kuphwanya malamulo "kwenikweni" kwa mabanja kapena kusakhulupirika kwa mnzanu [ 55 ], deta yathu yowona ndi umboni wotsutsana.

52) Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Zomwe Zimakhudza Moyo Wa Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha (2018)- Zowonjezera:

Amuna 180 azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 29 adayankha ku Pornography Use Scale, Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES), ndi Investment Model Scale. Kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti amuna akamagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri, mavuto ambiri amadza m'miyoyo yawo . Mofananamo, malingaliro a amuna pa zotsatira zoyipa za zolaula adakula ndipo malingaliro awo pa zotsatira zabwino za zolaula adachepa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mochulukira.

Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezeka kwa amuna, kudzipereka kwawo, kukhutira ndi malingaliro awo mu chibwenzi chawo chikuchepa, pamene akuwona kuti njira zabwino zomwe amachokera kunja kwaukwati zimakula.

53) Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukwatirana ndi kukondweretsa kugonana muzitsanzo zosagwira ntchito (2018) - Zolemba:

Mu kafukufukuyu, mgwirizano pakati pa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula unafufuzidwa, komanso momwe mkhalidwe waukwati ndi momwe umakhudzidwira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chitsanzo cha anthu 204 chinamaliza kafukufuku wa pa intaneti . Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kumagwirizanitsidwa molakwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mkhalidwe waukwati umagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana, koma zotsatira za kuyanjana pakati pa mitundu yonse iwiri yodziyimira payokha sizinali zazikulu.

54) Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula komanso kukhutira kugonana mu Korea chitsanzo (2018)- Zolemba:

Lipotilo lofufuzali linayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana mwa chitsanzo cha akuluakulu aku Korea omwe anali ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale, mgwirizano wolunjika pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa unali woipa komanso wofunikira. Komabe, kuwonjezera mawu anayi pa equation kunawonjezera kuyenerera kwa chitsanzo. Kusanthula kwa zotsatira za kuyanjana kunavumbula ubale wosinthika wa U kwa amuna ndi akazi, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zina kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kulikonse kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa . Kuwunika kwina kunawonetsa kuti ubale woipa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse ndi kukhutitsidwa kochepa unali wodziwika pang'ono kwa akazi, pomwe ubale wabwino pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi ndi nthawi ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu unali wodziwika pang'ono kwa amuna. Mtundu wa ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kukhutitsidwa unali wofanana kwa anthu achipembedzo ndi osapembedza komanso kwa anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi osati pachibwenzi.

55) Kodi Akazi Amakhala Wovuta Kuonera Zolaula Kuwona Zokhudzana ndi Thupi Kapena Chiyanjano Chiyanjano? (2018) - Zolemba:

Tinayang'ana makamaka ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuonera ndi zovuta zomwe zimawonedwa pa chithunzi cha thupi ndi kukhutira ndi ubale mwa akazi….. Komanso pankhani ya H1, kuchuluka kwa kuonera kunali kosagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhutira ndi ubale wa akazi pamlingo wa bivariate.

56) Kumbuyo Makomo Otsekedwa: Zithunzi Zolaula Zokha ndi Zogwirizana Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Pakati pa Achikondi Achimuna (2018)

Chidziwitso: Chiwerengero cha akazi omwe ali pachibwenzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse sichili chokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake zomwe zapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kwa akazi kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana zimachokera ku chiwerengero chochepa cha akazi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse. Deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wa US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi okwatiwa adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Deta yochokera ku 2000, 2002, 2004 (kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati , 2014 ).

Zowonjezera:

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya anthu 240 okwatirana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ochokera ku United States, tinafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa ochita sewero ndi anzawo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mphamvu zogonana, ndi ubwino wa ubale. Tinafufuzanso momwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa anthu awiri ndi chidziwitso cha anzawo pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimagwirizanirana ndi ubwino. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa akazi kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana kwa akazi koma palibe zinthu zina zomwe zimadalira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa amuna kumakhudzana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zoipa za thanzi labwino, kuphatikizapo kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa ubale wa amuna ndi akazi, chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana kwa akazi, komanso kulankhulana kwabwino kwa amuna . Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa anthu awiri kumakhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu kwa kugonana kwa okondedwa onse awiri koma palibe zizindikiro zina za thanzi labwino.

57) Zisonkhezero za kugonana ndi kugonana ndi kudzipereka pazogonana pa intaneti: Kusokoneza maganizo kwa malingaliro osakhulupirika (2019)- Ndemanga:

Kusakhulupirika komwe kumaonedwa kuti ndi kuchita zinthu zogonana pa intaneti (OSA) kwadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu azisiyana maganizo pankhani ya kugonana pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi adagawidwa m'magulu monga kuonera zinthu zolaula, kufunafuna okwatirana nawo, kugonana pa intaneti, ndi kukopana. Anthu 313 omwe adatenga nawo mbali anali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adakwanitsa kuyeza zomwe adakumana nazo pazochitika za OSA, kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kudzipereka, komanso malingaliro okhudza kusakhulupirika. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kosalekeza komanso kudzipereka kochepa kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchita nawo pafupipafupi mu OSA.

58) Zithunzi zolaula, kukonda zolaula ‐ monga kugonana, maliseche, ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana ndi abambo (2019)

Zolemba zokayikitsa, komanso kusewera masewera ndi deta, zimabisa zomwe zapezeka: Maphunziro onse awiri (osati phunziro lachiwiri lokha) adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso ubale . Pepala ili likuyesera kunena kuti maliseche, osati zolaula, ndi omwe amachititsa kusakhutira ndi ubale. Komabe, palibe njira yovomerezeka yopezera maliseche kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zidule:

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kunkagwirizana ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana, kukonda kwambiri kugonana konga zolaula , komanso kudziseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi m'maphunziro onse awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusakhutira ndi ubale mu Phunziro 2 lokha ( si zoona )…

59) Kufufuza mauthenga okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi malumikizano awo pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane (2019)

Nkhani yolembedwa mu kafukufuku wa 2019 iyi ikupereka zambiri zofunika. Izi zanenedwa kuti chiwerengero chachinayi kuchokera mu pepala lonse chikuwonetsa zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zigoli zochepa pazinthu zinayi. Zinali chilakolako chogonana chogwirizana (HSP); chilakolako chogonana chopitirira muyeso (OSP); kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana (SEXSAT); kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo (LIFESAT). Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika kunalumikizidwa ndi zigoli zochepa kwambiri pa chilakolako chogonana chotsika, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana & kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo (gulu kumanja). Poyerekeza, gulu lomwe linapeza zigoli zapamwamba kwambiri pazigawo zonsezi linali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika kwambiri (gulu kupita kumanzere).

60) Zithunzi zolaula ndi Zochitika Zachibwenzi Zachikazi Zogonana ndi Akazi (2019) - Zolemba:

Tinafufuza akazi 706 okonda kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (azaka 18-29) ku United States, tikugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zomwe amakonda, zomwe anakumana nazo, komanso nkhawa zawo. Pakati pa ogula akazi omwe anali ndi chilakolako chogonana, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa maliseche pofuna kudziseweretsa maliseche kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya kuganiza kwa zithunzi zolaula panthawi yokumbukira zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu, kudalira kwambiri zolaula kuti akwaniritse ndikusunga chilakolako chawo, komanso kukonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambitsa kwambiri kwa zithunzi zolaula panthawi yogonana, m'malo mongoonera zolaula, kunagwirizanitsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kusadzidalira pa mawonekedwe awo komanso kuchepa kwa chisangalalo cha chiwerewere monga kupsompsonana kapena kugwiranagwirana panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu.

61) Chikondi cholowetsa m'malo: Zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyanjano (2019)

Zoyeserera zoyesera kuthana ndi zoyanjana, zomwe zinali zowongoka: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu & kusungulumwa / kukhutira ndiubwenzi komanso kuyandikira. Zolemba:

Mu kafukufukuyu, akuluakulu 357 adanena kuti ali ndi vuto losowa chikondi, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mlungu uliwonse, zolinga zawo zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuphatikizapo kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo komanso kuchepetsa kusungulumwa), komanso zizindikiro za thanzi lawo paokha komanso paubale wawo…. Monga momwe zinanenedweratu , kusowa chikondi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zinali zokhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale komanso kuyandikana, pomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi kusungulumwa ndi kuvutika maganizo.

62) Njira Zogwirizana Zokhudza Kugonana Pakati pa Zogonana Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zogonana Ndi Ubale Kukhutira mu Ubale Wa Nthawi Zaka (2019) -  Chidule:

Komabe, kumwa SEM kunali kosagwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa ubale pakati pa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, koma osati anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza njira zomwe zimayambira ubale pakati pa SEM ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa ubale pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthika zokhudzana ndi kukwatirana kwa anthu.

63) Kukula, Zitsanzo ndi Zotsatira Zodzikonda Zomwe Zilipo Zomwe Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ku Polish University Ophunzira: Phunziro Lachigawo (2019)

Kafukufuku wamkulu ( n = 6463) pa ophunzira aku koleji aamuna ndi aakazi (zaka zapakati pa 22) akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zolaula (15%), kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kulekerera), zizindikiro zosiya, ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi ubale wokhudzana ndi zolaula. Zigawo zofunikira:

Zowonongeka zomwe zimawonetsa kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuphatikizapo: kufunikira kwa kukakamiza kwa nthawi yaitali (12.0%) ndi zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi kugonana (17.6%) kuti zifike poyerekeza, komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa kugonana (24.5%) ...

Zaka zowonekera koyamba zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwakukakamiza kwanthawi yayitali komanso zolimbikitsa zogonana kuti zifike pachimake mukamagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchepa kokhutira ndi kugonana, komanso ubale wapabanja…

Malinga ndi ophunzira ambiri omwe adafunsidwapo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumatha kusokoneza ubale wamagulu (58.7%), thanzi lam'mutu (63.9%) ndi magonedwe (67.7%)….

64) Health and reproductive health and rights in Sweden 2017 (2019)

Kafukufuku wa 2017 wa The Sweden Public Health Authority ali ndi gawo lomwe likufotokoza zomwe apeza pazolaula. Kafukufukuyu ali mgawo lapitalo, nawonso. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwakukuru kunali kokhudzana ndi thanzi losauka la kugonana ndikuchepetsa kusakhutira pogonana. Zolemba:

Amuna 41 pa 100 azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 29 amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, amaonera zolaula tsiku lililonse kapena pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Chiwerengero chofanana pakati pa akazi ndi 3 pa 100. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsanso mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndi thanzi loipa la kugonana, komanso mgwirizano ndi kugonana kwa malonda, ziyembekezo zapamwamba kwambiri pakuchita zogonana, komanso kusakhutira ndi moyo wa kugonana . Pafupifupi theka la anthu onse amanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikukhudza moyo wawo wogonana, pomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu sakudziwa ngati zimakhudza kapena ayi. Azimayi ndi amuna ochepa akuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudza moyo wawo wogonana. Zinali zofala kwambiri pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochepa.

Palifunika kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi thanzi. Chidutswa chofunika kwambiri ndi kukambirana zovuta za zolaula ndi anyamata ndi anyamata, ndipo sukulu ndi malo achilengedwe kuti muchite izi.

65) Ndi Miyeso iti ya kugonana kwaumunthu yomwe ikukhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwapakati (CSBD)? Phunziro Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafunso Ambiri Okhudza Kugonana pa Zitsanzo za Amuna a ku Poland (2019)

Kafukufukuyu anayerekezera gulu la amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula laimuna ndi gulu lolamulira la amuna ambiri. Amuna omwe amafunafuna chithandizo adanenanso kuchuluka kwakanema kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ngakhale ambiri mwa ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula). Mitengo yayitali kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula inali yokhudzana ndi:

• kumverera kudandaula kwambiri pa moyo wa kugonana
• kusangalala kwenikweni ndi moyo wa kugonana
• kuopa kwambiri kugonana
• nkhawa yaikulu yokhudza kugonana
• kuchepetsa kugonana
• zochepa zogonana

66) Zotsatira zakuwonera zolaula kwa okwatirana (2019)

Phunziro losowa kwambiri la Aigupto. Pomwe kafukufukuyu akuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera zokondweretsa, zotsatira zake zakanthawi sizigwirizana ndi zakanthawi.

Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula kuli ndi ubale wabwino ndi zaka zambiri zaukwati. Izi zinali zogwirizana ndi Goldberg et al. ¹⁴ omwe adanena kuti zolaula zimasokoneza kwambiri chilakolako cha kugonana.

Pali kulumikizana kopanda pake pakati pa kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo wogonana ndikuwona zolaula ngati 68.5% ya owonera zabwino sakhutitsidwa ndi moyo wawo wogonana.

Zithunzi zolaula zimawonjezera chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche pakati pa 74.6% ya owonera, koma sizinathandize kufika pachimake pakati pa 61.5% ya iwo. Kuonera zolaula kumawonjezera chiŵerengero cha kusudzulana (33.8%) ( P = 0.001).

Kutsiliza: Zithunzi zolaula zimasokoneza banja.

Gome kuchokera pa phunziroli:

67) Lingaliro la Psychological La Kukonda Kuwona Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Kukhutitsidwa Kwamaubwenzi ndi Maganizo Akugonana (2020) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti pali ubale wosafunikira pakati pa chilakolako cha zolaula pakati pa amuna omwe ali pachibwenzi ndi omwe sali pachibwenzi. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro silinatsimikizidwe. Chifukwa chosapezeka ubale wofunikira pakati pa amuna omwe ali pachibwenzi ndi omwe sali pachibwenzi mwina ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zitsanzo. Ngakhale, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa zigoli za chibwenzi ndi zigoli zosali pachibwenzi mwachitsanzo zigoli zapakati pa chibwenzi ndizochepa kuposa zigoli zosali pachibwenzi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti magulu onse awiri amaonera zomwe zili pamlingo wofanana. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti panali ubale woipa (-0.303) pakati pa chilakolako cha zolaula ndi kukhutira kwa okwatirana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kulakalaka zolaula ndikokwera, kukhutira kwa ubale kudzakhala kotsika.

68) Kodi Masewera a Playboy (ndi atsikana) Amayambitsa Mavuto a Ubwenzi Amayanjanitsidwa ndi Kuwona Zolaula mu amuna ndi akazi?

Malumikizano oyambira: kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta) kumagwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa kosauka muubwenzi komanso kudzipereka kochepa kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, tinayang'anira udindo wa chilakolako chogonana. Zotsatira zathu zinali zogwirizana pang'ono ndi malingaliro athu. Mogwirizana ndi H1, kuchuluka kwa kuonera zolaula kunali kogwirizana pang'ono ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa ubale kwa amuna (ndi akazi) pamene miyambo ya playboy sinalowe mu chitsanzo . Kukula kwa mgwirizano kunali kofanananso ndi zomwe Wright ndi anzake adapeza (2017). Kuphatikiza apo, kuonera zolaula zovuta kunali kogwirizananso pang'ono ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa ubale mwa amuna (ndi akazi) . Mofananamo, pang'ono mogwirizana ndi H2, kuchuluka kwa kuonera zolaula kunali kogwirizana pang'ono ndi kudzipereka kwa ubale mwa amuna (ndi akazi) pamene miyambo ya playboy sinalowe mu chitsanzo.

Ndimaona kuti maphunziro ngati amenewa ndi okhumudwitsa. Zikuoneka kuti olembawo anaikapo variable ("Playboy Norms") yomwe singaseweredwe kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Tikudziwa kuti zolaula zimapanga miyambo yogonana. Ndinalemba pa Twitter za kuyesa uku kuchepetsa mgwirizano woyambira wa kafukufukuyu . Kodi makhalidwe/malingaliro angaganizidwe bwanji pamene kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumaumba malingaliro ndi machitidwe ogonana? Izi zikuphatikizapo "Playboy Norms", kapena kuwunika kwina kulikonse kogonana komwe munthu angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito variables kuchepetsa mgwirizano wofunikira kumatchedwa "Everest regression". Everest Regression ndi zomwe zimachitika mukamayang'anira "kusintha kofunikira" poyerekeza anthu awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mutayang'anira kutalika, Mount Everest ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Kafukufuku wa zolaula nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kubisa zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimaika zolaula m'malo oipa.

69) Kodi Kugonana Kwotsika mtengo Kumapangitsa Amuna Kukhala Osangalatsidwa Ndi Ukwati? Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula, Kudziseweretsa maliseche, Kugonana, ndi Kufuna Kukwatiwa Pakati pa Amuna Osakwatira (2020)

Ndi membala wa RealYBOP Samuel Perry . Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kufuna kukwatira zikusinthidwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kukhala kopindulitsa pa maubwenzi (Ehe?). Potsatira mfundo imeneyi, mowa ndi wopindulitsa pa maubwenzi chifukwa kumwa nokha pa bala kumakhudzana ndi kufuna kukwatiwa, kapena kufuna chibwenzi, kapena kufuna kugonana. Kaya zili choncho, kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana:

76) Chizoloŵezi Chogonana Paintaneti: Kuwunika Koyenera kwa Zizindikiro za Amuna Ofunafuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Zolemba zamaphunziro:

Anthu omwe anali pachibwenzi adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunawasiyanitsa ndi anzawo ndipo sanathenso kukhala paubwenzi ndi kuyandikana nawo. Chitsanzo chachikulu komanso champhamvu kwambiri cha zotsatirapo zoyipa chinali chakuti ambiri mwa omwe adachita nawo anali ndi vuto loletsa akazi kuti agone ndi zinthu zogonana.

77) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Thanzi Logonana: Kufufuza Ubale Wake ndi Ntchito Yogonana ndi Kukhutira ku Iran (2026)

Mwa amuna, [kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunkagwirizana ndi chilakolako chowonjezeka ndi kutopa, koma molakwika ndi ntchito ya kugonana komanso kukhutitsidwa kwathunthu ndi kugonana. Mu zitsanzo zonse [za amuna ndi akazi], kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kunali kosagwirizana ndi kukhutitsidwa ndi wokondedwa wawo.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ndikuti tithandizireni kuti tipeze ndalama zambiri? +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ndikuti, +

Chidziwitso - zidule zochokera ku kuwunikiridwa kwa mabuku mu 2018 (Zithunzi Zolaula, Zosangalatsa, ndi Kugonana: Kwa Hedonic Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zogonana Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafilimu, kufotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula pa kukhutira kugonana:

Zokhutiritsa kugonana:

Njira ina yomwe fanizoli lilinso ndi tanthauzo ndi kusangalala ndi kugonana. Monga zolinga zakugonana nthawi zambiri zimangoyang'ana kukhutiritsa zogonana, munthu angayembekezere kuwonjezeka kwa zolinga izi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira zogonana. Komabe, mutapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukhutitsidwa pogonana (mwachitsanzo, ubale wapamtima, kudzipereka, kudzidalira, kudzidalira), zikuwonekeranso kuti maubwenzi apakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa azikhala ovuta.

Kwa anthu ena, kuwonjezereka kwa zolinga zakugonana kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwenikweni mu chikhutiro chogonana, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukonda kumatha kukumana ndi kukhumudwitsidwa, makamaka ngati kuwonjezeraku sikukumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukwaniritsidwa komwe kumagwirizana ndi zochitika zogonana (Santtila) et al., 2007). Kapenanso, ngati wina angayambe ndi magonedwe otsika kwambiri a chiwerewere, kuwonjezereka kwa chilimbikitso chotere kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chisangalalo chachikulu pakugonana pamene iye akhazikika pakusangalala ndi kugonana.

IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana

Mosiyana ndi magawo omwe anali atakambidwa kale okhudzana ndi IPU ndi zomwe zimalimbikitsa, momwe kafukufuku akukulirakulira, ubale pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana waphunziridwa kwambiri, ndi zofalitsa zambiri zomwe zikukambirana mutuwu. M'malo mongowerenga mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe amafufuza za IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana, zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zidafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1. [Pepala ili ndi mwayi wotseguka ndipo Table 1 likupezeka kuchokera pa ulalo wapamwambawo]

Pafupifupi, monga tafotokozera pa tebulo 1, maubale omwe ali pakati pa IPU ndi kukhutitsidwa pogonana ndizovuta, koma amagwirizana ndi malingaliro akuti IP ikhoza kulimbikitsa chidwi chogonana, makamaka pamene kugwiritsa ntchito kukukula. Mwa mabanja, kulibe chithandizo chokwanira pamalingaliro oti IPU imatha kukhutiritsa kugonana, koma pokhapokha ikaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zogonana. Panokha, pali umboni wosatsutsika kuti IPU imaneneratu za kukhutitsidwa kogonana mwa amuna, zonsezo zokhala ndi gawo limodzi komanso ntchito zazitali zolozera mabungwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: Ponena za akazi, umboni womwazikana ukuwonetsa kuti IPU ingalimbikitse chikhutiro chogonana, sichikhala ndi chikhutiro chokwanira, kapena kuchepetsa kukhutira pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale izi zidaphatikizidwa, kupezako kopanda tanthauzo lalikulu la IPU pa kukhutitsidwa pogonana mwa amayi ndizomwe zimapezeka kwambiri.

Kusanthula kwa meta

Zotsatirazi zatsimikizidwanso ndikuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma meta (Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, & Klann, 2017). Kuwunikiranso maphunziro a 50 okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zotsatira zakukhutira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo, kukhutitsidwa ndimunthu, kukhutira ndi ubale, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana), kuwunika kwa meta kumeneku kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (osati intaneti) kunali kogwirizana nthawi zonse komanso kuneneratu zakukhutira pakati pa anthu zosintha, kuphatikizapo kukhutira ndi kugonana, koma kwa amuna okha. Palibe zofunikira zomwe zidapezeka kwa azimayi. Pamodzi, zotsatirazi zosakanikirana zimalepheretsa mfundo zomveka bwino pantchito ya IP pakukhutiritsa chisangalalo cha amayi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pazofufuza zaposachedwa pakuwunika IPU ndikukhutitsidwa ndi zakugonana ndikuti zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukhutira, kotero kuti kukhutira kumachepa kwambiri popeza IPU imafala kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; Wright, Brigdes, Dzuwa, Ezzell, & Johnson, 2017). Tsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1. Popeza umboni wowoneka bwino pamitundu ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zikuwoneka zomveka kuvomereza lingaliro lakuti pamene IPU imakwera kupitilira kamodzi pamwezi, kukhutira ndi kugonana kumachepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale maphunziro awa (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) anali osiyana magawo, atapatsidwa kuchuluka kwamaphunziro azitali (mwachitsanzo, Peter & Valkenburg, 2009) yolumikiza IPU kuti ichepetse kugonana Kukhutira, ndizomveka kunena kuti mayanjanowa ndi achilengedwe. Pamene IPU ikuwonjezeka, kukhutira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawoneka kuchepa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono akuti IPU imalumikizidwa ndi zofuna za kugonana za hedonic komanso zokhazokha.

Phunziro lopatsa chidwi

Pomaliza, kafukufuku wodabwitsa wa Taylor Kohut nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati umboni wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumapereka phindu lalikulu kwa maanja: Zotsatira Zodziwika za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ubale wa Awiri: Zomwe Zapezeka Poyamba pa Kafukufuku Wotseguka, Wodziwa Bwino, "Woyambira" . ( Kohut et al. , 2017) . Dinani ulalo kuti muwerenge zambiri.

Zowonongeka ziŵirizi zimapangitsa zotsatira:

1) Phunziroli silinapangidwe pa chitsanzo choimira.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri akusonyeza kuti akazi ochepa chabe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu kafukufukuyu 95% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha . Ndipo 85% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi (nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri). Ziwerengero zimenezo ndi zapamwamba kuposa amuna azaka zaku koleji! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asintha chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna. Zoona zake: Deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri ku US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti 2.6% yokha ya akazi ndi omwe adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Deta yochokera ku 2000, 2002, 2004. Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani - Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014)

2) Phunziroli linagwiritsa ntchito mafunso "otseguka" pomwe mutuwo ungapitilize zolaula.

Kenako ofufuzawo anawerenga nkhani zomwe zinali zosamveka bwino ndipo pambuyo pake anaganiza kuti mayankho ati omwe anali "ofunika". Kenako anasankha momwe angawafotokozere (kuzungulira?) m'nkhani yawo. Kenako ofufuzawo anaganiza zoti maphunziro ena onse okhudza zolaula ndi maubwenzi anali ndi zolakwika . Awa anali maphunziro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino zasayansi komanso mafunso osavuta okhudza zotsatira za zolaula. Kodi njira imeneyi ndi yolondola bwanji?

Ngakhale zolakwika izi zingapo mabanja amavomereza zotsatira zoipa zotsatira za zolaula, monga:

• Zithunzi zolaula ndi zophweka, zosangalatsa, zowonjezera, zokondweretsa, kapena zokondweretsa kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu
• Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala zovuta, zimachepetsa kuthekera kokwaniritsa kapena kukondweretsa kugonana, kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula.
• Ena amanena kuti kufotokozera mwachindunji kusokoneza maganizo monga zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Ena ankadandaula kuti ataya chikondi kapena chikondi.
• Ananenedwa kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kugonana kwenikweni kukhala kosautsa, kozoloŵera, kosakhalitsa, kapena kosangalatsa

Pazifukwa zina zotsatirapo zoipazi sizinawonekere m'nkhani zokhudza kafukufukuyu. Webusaiti yatsopano ya wolemba wamkuluyo komanso kuyesa kwake kusonkhetsa ndalama kumadzutsa mafunso ambiri.

Zikwizikwi nkhani zobwezeretsa Mogwirizana ndi zomwe tafufuzazi zitha kupezeka pamasamba awa:

Yang'anani malipoti ambirimbiri odzipulumutsa kuti mudziwe zomwe anthu omwe achira ku mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe adakumana nawo: Kubwezeretsanso Akaunti Tsamba 1 , Kubwezeretsanso Akaunti Tsamba 2 ndi Kubwezeretsanso Akaunti Tsamba 3. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba asanu ndi atatu otsatirawa ali ndi nkhani zazifupi zomwe zikufotokoza za kuchira ku mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe adayambitsidwa ndi zolaula: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8.

• Anyamata Amene Amapereka Zoipa: Pazogonana ndi Chikondi.
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