UPDATES pa chilengezo cha American Association of Addiction Medicine:
- Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. "
- Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 39 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, matenda opatsirana pogonana, mahomoni). Amapereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene zofukufuku zawo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo.
- Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 16 zaposachedwa & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Kupitilira maphunziro a 30 omwe amafotokoza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulolerana), chizolowezi choonera zolaula, komanso zisonyezo zosiya.
The American Society of Addiction Medicine imanena kuti zizolowezi za kugonana ndi zenizeni monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Chochitika chachikulu chachitika muukadaulo wa sayansi ndi chithandizo. Akatswiri odziwika bwino aku America ku The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) angotulutsa kumene kusuta kwawo malingaliro atsopano oledzera. Tanthauzo latsopanoli limathetsa mkangano woti ngati kugonana ndi zolaula ndizomwe zili "zosokoneza bongo." Ali.
Kuchokera ku ASAM:
Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kudabwera chifukwa cha ntchito yayikulu, yazaka zinayi yokhala ndi akatswiri opitilira 80 akugwira ntchito molimbika, kuphatikiza oyang'anira osokoneza bongo, asing'anga azachipatala komanso ofufuza otsogola mdziko lonselo. … Patadutsa zaka makumi awiri kupita patsogolo m'maganizo a sayansi kunatsimikizira ASAM kuti kusuta kumayenera kufotokozedwanso ndi zomwe zimachitika muubongo.
Zikuoneka kuti ASAM anachita, mwa zina, chifukwa asing'anga omwe akukonzanso DSM (American Psychiatric Association's Buku Lophatikiza ndi Kuwerenga Osautsa Maganizo) akhala ali akukoka mapazi awo pakupangitsa DSM-5 yomwe ikubwera kuti igwirizane ndi kupita patsogolo pakufufuza zamakhalidwe. Mwachikhalidwe, DSM imapereka matenda osakhudzana ndi matenda, koma pamndandanda wazikhalidwe. Popeza olemba DSM sangagwirizane pamndandanda wazikhalidwe zakugonana zomwe zimapanga "Hypersexuality Disorder" (yomwe imalankhula zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula), ali ndi khosi. M'malo mwake, amatha kuthana ndi vutoli mpaka kumapeto-Modzi monga anyamata a pa Intaneti akugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa anyamata akukula pafupifupi konsekonse. (ZOYENERA: Izi zidalembedwa DSM-5 yomwe ikubwera isanaganize zopanga "behachiwerewere".)
Tanthauzo la ASAM
Motsutsana, ndemanga ya ASAM, "Amayang'ana momwe ubongo umathandizira pakakhala chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zikuchitika ndi magwiridwe antchito aubongo komanso kuzungulira kwa maubongo komwe kumatha kufotokozera zomwe zimachitika kunja kwa chizolowezi." Ndizovomereza kuti mchitidwe wogonana (mwachitsanzo, kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti tsiku lililonse) ukhoza kukhala umboni wamatenda muubongo wamunthu wina osawonetsa zamunthu wina.
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zizoloŵezi zonse zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi mankhwala zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu komweko mu ubongo ndi thupi laumtima. An Wowankhulana ndi ASAM anafotokoza:
Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kukusiya mosakayikira kuti zizolowezi zonse-kaya ndi mowa, heroin kapena kugonana, amati-ndizofanana. Dr Raju Haleja, Purezidenti wakale wa Canadian Society for Addiction Medicine komanso wapampando wa komiti ya ASAM yomwe idapanga tanthauzo latsopanoli, adauza The Fix, "Tikuyang'ana kuzolowera ngati matenda amodzi, mosiyana ndi omwe amawawona kuti ndi osiyana matenda. Kuledzera ndikoledzera. Zilibe kanthu kuti ubongo wanu ukugundana ndi njira yotani, ukasintha, umakhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zonse. ” … Kugonana kapena kutchova juga kapena kuledzera [ndizomwe] ndizovomerezeka kuchipatala monga kumwa mowa kapena heroin kapena crystal meth.
Nayi chidule cha mfundo zazikulu za American Society of Addiction Medicine:
- Kuledzeretsa kumasonyeza ubongo womwewo umasintha kaya umachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena makhalidwe.
- Kuledzera ndi matenda oyamba. Sikuti zimayambitsidwa ndimatenda amisala monga kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kapena umunthu. Izi zikutsimikizira lingaliro lotchuka loti zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo nthawi zonse zimakhala mtundu wa "kudzichiritsa" kuti muchepetse zovuta zina.
- Zizoloŵezi zonse zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi mankhwala zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu komweku m'mabwalo oyendayenda ofanana: Hypofrontality, kulimbikitsa, kukhumudwitsa, kusintha maulendo opanikizika, ndi zina zotero.
- Kuchita nawo "zizolowezi zosokoneza" zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwam'mwambazi kwachitika. Zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo kenako amakhala osazindikira komanso ozolowera.
- Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumathetsa kusiyanitsa kwakale ndi "kukakamiza motsutsana ndi kukakamiza", komwe nthawi zambiri kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsutsa kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, kuphatikiza zolaula pa intaneti.
Mosiyana ndi ubongo wa juga, chakudya, masewera a videogame, maubongo azakugonana / zolaula sadawunikidwebe. Komabe makina opanga bongo omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chamakhalidwe afotokozedwa kale bwino, momwe akatswiri amatha kunena motsimikiza kuti zizolowezi zakugonana nawonso zimatha kukhala zosokoneza. Mwanjira ina, si mawonekedwe kapena kuchuluka kwa cholimbikitsira, koma ubongo womwe umabweretsa umasintha, zomwe zili zofunika. Izi zochokera pamafunso a ASAM zimafotokozera za sayansi yomwe imakonda kuzolowera:
FUNSO: Nchiyani chosiyana ndi tanthauzo latsopanoli?
MAYANKHO: Cholinga cha m'mbuyomo chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zoledzera, monga mowa, heroin, chamba, kapena cocaine. Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumawonekeratu kuti kuledzera sikunena za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma ndi ubongo. Sizinthu zomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osokoneza; sizili ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ntchito kapena kawirikawiri. Chizolowezi ndicho zomwe zimachitika muubongo wamunthu akagwidwa ndi zinthu zopindulitsa kapena machitidwe opindulitsa, ndipo imakhudza kwambiri madera ozungulira mphotho muubongo ndi magawo ena aubongo kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi mankhwala akunja kapena machitidwe omwe "amatembenukira" omwe amapereka mphothozo.
Zizoloŵezi zofala zomwe zimachitika pa ubongo, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti ndizolephera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito, zilakolako pa nthawi ya kudziletsa, ndi zizindikiro za kusiya. Pakadali pano, ubongo wamkati umasintha kuwonongeka konse (kukhumudwa, kukulimbikitsani, ndi kudzikonda) zakhala zikuwonedwa muubongo wa omwe amakonda kutchova juga, kudya kwambiri, owonetsa vidiyo. Zikuwoneka kuti nawonso alipo ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula masiku ano. Ngati ikuyenda, kuyankhula ndikuchita ngati bakha, ndi bakha. (Zosintha: Yunivesite ya Cambridge: Kufufuza kwa ubongo kumapezako zolaula)
Cholinga china cha mawu a ASAM ndikuti munthu sangathe kutanthauzira "zolaula" nthawi yomwe amawonera kapena mitundu yowonera. PChizoloŵezi cha mankhwala chimakhalapo pokhapokha ngati ubongo umasintha mwawonekerayo. Popeza ma scan ubongo ndi osatheka, ASAM yapanga kuwunika kwa magawo asanu kuti athandize anthu kudziwa ngati ubongo wawo wasintha. Izi zikufanana ndikusanthula chizindikiro cha anthu odwala omwe akudandaula kuti akuwonetsa matendawa.
Mafunso otsatirawa otsatirawa kuchokera ku ASAM amalankhulana ndi kugonana ndi zakudya zowonongeka makamaka:
FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthauza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi chiwerewere. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?
MAYANKHO: Kuzoloŵera njuga kwatchulidwa bwino mu mabuku a sayansi kwazaka makumi angapo. Kwenikweni, kusindikizidwa kwatsopano kwa DSM (DSM-5) kudzatulutsa vuto lakutchova njuga m'gawo lomwelo ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo.
Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa ASAM kumapangitsa kuchoka ku kulinganitsa zowonongeka ndi kudalira kwathunthu, pofotokozera momwe kuledzera kumagwirizananso ndi makhalidwe omwe ali opindulitsa. Aka ndi koyamba kuti ASAM izindikire kuti kuledzera sikungokhala "kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo" kokha.
Tsatanetsatane iyi imati kuledzeretsa ndizochitika komanso zochitika za ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ka ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera zimasiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi choledzera. Zimakamba za madera ozungulira mu ubongo ndi ozungulira oyendayenda, koma kutsindika sikuli pa mphotho zakunja zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa mphoto. Zakudya ndi zizolowezi zogonana komanso kutchova juga zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi "kufunafuna mphotho" zomwe zafotokozedwazi mukutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku. (Kugogomezedwa.)
FUNSO: Ndani ali ndi chizolowezi cha zakudya kapena chizolowezi chogonana?
MAYANKHO: Tonsefe timakhala ndi mphotho zamaubongo zomwe zimapangitsa chakudya ndi kugonana kukhala zopindulitsa. Izi ndi njira yopulumukira. Muubongo wathanzi, mphothozi zimakhala ndi njira zothetsera kukhuta kapena 'zokwanira.' Kwa munthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa, maulendowa amakhala osagwira bwino ntchito kotero kuti uthengawo kwa munthuyo umakhala 'wochulukirapo', zomwe zimabweretsa kutsata kwa mphotho ndi / kapena kupumula pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi machitidwe.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi chogonana kulipo, ndipo kumayambanso kusintha kofanana mu ubongo ndi thupi monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimakhala zomveka bwino. Ndipotu, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa zinthu zambiri koma kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsa zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo a neural kuti adzalandire mphoto, choncho ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti madalitso ambiri a chilengedwe (chakudya chopanda kanthu, zithunzi zolaula) akhoza kuthamangitsa maulendowa.
Bwanji ponena za zolaula?
Othandizira masiku ano komanso olemba nkhani zodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri amasokeretsedwa za kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - mwa zina chifukwa amadziwa kuti kuseweretsa maliseche (popanda zolaula) kumabweretsa chizolowezi. Vuto ndilo, zolaula pa intaneti ndizo osati kungodzitama. Chikhulupiriro chakuti zilakolako zogonana ndi maliseche ndi intaneti zili chimodzimodzi zimasonyeza kusadziŵa bwino zotsatira za ubongo zomwe zimakhala zatsopano nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, kuseweretsa maliseche kumabweretsa kukhumudwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zolaula za pa intaneti zingathe kudutsa satiety zachilengedwe. Mu ubongo wina, kudutsa chilengedwe chokhalira ndi kulimbikitsa kwakukulu ndikutsetsereka kotsika kwa kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi mowa. Kusamvetsetsana uku kumabweretsa malangizo osauka kwa odwala / makasitomala / owerenga.
Zovuta zakufufuza
Akatswiri ofufuza tsiku lina amafufuza za ubongo wa anthu ochita zolaula pa intaneti, ndithudi amawona kusintha komwe kumachitika kale m'mabungwe ena a intaneti. Tsoka, kufufuza zolaula kumayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu:
1. Magulu olamulira amuna, osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti sangapezekenso, ndipo ngakhale atakhala otheka, mabungwe owunikiranso sangavomereze malamulo omwe amawafuna kuti aziwonera zolaula kwa maola ambiri patsiku anyamata amasiku ano akuyang'ana.
2. Mafunso osamveka bwino (mosiyana ndi kusanthula kwaubongo) zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kulumikiza zovuta zakugonana (kapena nkhawa zamagulu, kukhumudwa kapena mavuto azithunzithunzi) pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Kupatula apo, zolaula zimawoneka ngati aphrodisiac yodalirika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala akumva bwino akamagwiritsa ntchito. Zingayambitse bwanji mavuto omwe amachiritsa kwakanthawi?
Pokhapokha podziwa zambiri za kuledzera, zizindikiro zake, ndi chidziwitso chake, okhoza kufufuza ndi omvera awo akhoza kulumikizana molondola. Mawu a ASAM amathandiza ochita kafukufuku wofufuza zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a ubongo.
Achipatala ali ndi maudindo atsopano
Kulengeza kwa ASAM ndi gawo lopita patsogolo pothandiza kuphunzitsanso othandizira ndi makasitomala awo. Ambiri adaphunzitsidwa molakwika kuti zizolowezi zakugonana sizingachitike chifukwa chofunitsitsa ubongo kudzera pamachitidwe. M'malo mwake, adaphunzitsidwa kutsimikizira makasitomala kuti kuzolowera zogonana sikungakhale pachiwopsezo pokhapokha ngati kasitomala ali ndi zovuta zina (nthawi zambiri zamtundu).
Komabe olemba ASAM amanena kuti chibadwa chimangokhala theka la chifukwa choledzera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuledzera kungakhalepo popanda kukhalapo kale. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zolaula monga kupsinjika maganizo, nkhaŵa zaumphawi, nkhani zachiwerewere zaunyamata komanso mavuto okhudza kugonana amafunika kuwoneka ngati n'zotheka zotsatira kuledzeretsa, mmalo mokhala ngati iwo nthawi zonse chifukwa.
Mfundo yatsopano yokhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chake imapereka udindo kwa othandizira kuti athandizane pakugonana komanso ogula omwe ali ndi zolaula kuti asinthe momwe amakhalira. Pakadali pano, alangizi ambiri amangotengera makasitomala kwa dotolo kuti akwaniritse mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Nthawi yomweyo akuwatsimikizira kuti machitidwe awo ogonana ndi achikhalidwe komanso osavulaza.
Mawu a ASAM ndi sitepe yaikulu muzitsogozo zomveka. Mu izi posachedwa, timaganizira zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zomwe zingasonyeze ubongo wosinthika.
- Onani izi kuyambira Meyi, 2013 - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): DSM ndi yopanda pake komanso yosatha.
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