Dependența de Internet și jocurile online: o epidemie emergentă a secolului XXI? (2019)

Tanay Maiti (Christian Medical College, India)

Titlul sursei: Intimacy and Developing Personal Relationships in the Virtual World

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-4047-2.ch010

Abstract

Dependența de Internet a transformat treptat un mediu de jocuri și alte activități de petrecere a timpului liber, schimbându-se de la intenția inițială de a fixa comunicarea și de a ajuta în cercetări. Utilizarea excesivă a internetului și natura utilizării acestuia s-a dovedit a fi similară cu dependența de substanțe psiho-dependente, cu o bază neurobiologică similară. Includerea tulburărilor de jocuri de noroc în DSM 5 consolidează în continuare conceptul de dependență de comportament. Diverse cercetări la nivel mondial susțin, de asemenea, creșterea acestui tip de problemă. Prezentarea clinică și opțiunile de management se bazează în cea mai mare parte pe principiile comportamentale învățate din problemele de abuz de substanțe. Cu toate acestea, trasee randomizate pe scară largă și studii epidemiologice sunt cu siguranță necesare pentru a înțelege această problemă din secolul XXI.

Previzualizare capitol

Bio-Psycho-Social Model Of Addiction

Since George Engel proposed his revolutionary biopsychosocial model of illnesses, the psychological factors and social stressors has remained a matter of discussion and search for other modifiable factors have been proved effective. The role of psychological and social factors has been found to have immense role in addiction and substance abuse specially because of their role in management and chance to modify certain ‘set behavior/patterns’.

There are many individual (personal vulnerability) factors that may be involved in the acquisition, development and maintenance of behavioral addictions (e.g. personality traits, biological and genetic predispositions, unconscious motivations, learning and conditioning effects, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes), although some factors are more personal (e.g. financial motivation and economic pressures in the case of gambling addiction).

Addiction is an incredibly complex behavior and always results from an interaction and interplay between many factors including the person’s biological and/or genetic predisposition, their psychological constitution (personality factors, unconscious motivations, attitudes, expectations, beliefs, etc.), their social environment (situational characteristics such as accessibility and availability of the activity, the advertising of the activity) and the nature of the activity itself (i.e. structural characteristics such as the size of the stake or jackpot in gambling). This ‘global’ view of addiction highlights the interconnected processes and integration between individual differences (i.e. personal vulnerability), situational factors, structural characteristics, and the resulting addictive pattern of behavior. There are many individual (personal vulnerability and traits) factors that may work as predisposing factors, whereas the development and maintenance of behavioral addictions might occur over factors like; unconscious motivations, learning and conditioning effects, personal thoughts, cultural beliefs and attitudes, although some factors are more personal or situational(e.g. financial motivation and economic pressures in the case of gambling addiction).

Psychosocial factors such as low self-esteem, loneliness, depression, high anxiety, and stress all appear to be common among those with behavioral addictions (Griffiths, 2015).