faamatalaga: O le suʻesuʻega a Voon ua leva ona faʻatalitali na faʻaalia i le UK documentary "Porn i le Brain” ua iu lava ina alu ese. E pei ona faʻamoemoeina, na maua e le au suʻesuʻe a le Iunivesite o Cambridge e faʻaalia e tagata faʻaoga porn faʻamatalaga i ata mataga i le auala lava e tasi e tali atu ai tagata ua fai ma vaisu i fualaau faasaina. Ae e iai isi mea.
O tagata fa'aoga fa'amalosi tino e mana'o tele i porn (sili atu le mana'o), ae le'i maualuga atu le mana'o fa'afeusuaiga (fiafia) nai lo le pulea. O lenei sailiga e fetaui lelei ma le faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo i ai nei o vaisu, ma faʻamaonia ai le le talitonuga e faapea “maualuga le tuinanau i feusuaiga” o loʻo i tua o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalame. O tagata ua fai ma vaisu ua manatu e una'ia e su'e a latou vaila'au ona latou te manana'o - nai lo le fiafia - i ai. O lenei faiga fa'aletonu ua ta'ua o faaosofia faaosofia. O se fa'ailoga lea o fa'aletonu o vaisu.
O le isi suʻesuʻega tele (e leʻo lipotia i le aufaasālalau) o le sili atu i le 50% o mataupu (averesi tausaga: 25) na faigata ona ausia faʻatasi ma paaga moni, ae mafai ona ausia faʻavae ma porn. Mai le suʻesuʻega:
O mataupu a le CSB na lipotia mai e faapea o se taunuuga o le soona faʻaaogaina o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga ... .. na oʻo i le faʻaitiitia o le libido poʻo le erectile galuega faʻapitoa i mafutaga faaletino ma fafine (e ui lava e le o fesoʻotaʻi ma mea faʻafeusuaiga) (N = 11) ...
E faʻatusatusa atu i tagata volenitia soifua maloloina, o mataupu a le CSB e tele atu le manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga faalelalolagi poʻo le manaʻo e faʻamalamalama manino ma maua ai le tele o le fiafia i faʻamatalaga faʻamalosi, ma faʻaalia ai le vavaeeseina i le va o le manaʻo ma le fiafia. O mataupu a le CSB na i ai foi ni faaletonu sili atu o feusuaʻiga tau feusuaiga ma faigata i luga o fegalegaleaiga vavalalata, ae le o faʻamatalaga manino faʻafeusuaiga e faʻamaonia ai o le maualuga o manaʻoga sikolasipi e patino i faʻamatalaga manino ma e leʻo faʻateleina le manaʻoga feusuaiga.
O le averesi o tausaga o alii ma le CSB o le 25, ae o le 11 mai le 19 mataupu na feagai ma le faʻaleagaina o le erectile / faʻaitiitia le libido ma paaga, ae le o le porn. Faʻaitiitia le faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga ma paaga moni, ae o loʻo i ai le faʻagaoioia o le nofoaga autu o taui e faʻaalia ai ponokalame, e faʻafitia atoatoa ai le "maualuga faʻafeusuaiga manaʻoga" o se mafuaʻaga o le faʻaaogaina o porn. E le gata i lea, o mataupu e leʻi "fiafia" i vitio tau feusuaiga e sili atu nai lo le pulea. O le isi fao i totonu o le pusa maliu o “manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga maualuga" faʻataʻitaʻiga o vaisu porn.
O lenei mea e lagolagoina ai mataupu o vaisu o loʻo maua ni tali maualuga atu i le nofoaga autu o taui i faʻaaliga porn.
Lona lua, o lenei mea e matua faʻaumatia ai le faʻamatalaga e faʻapea e sili atu le manaʻo faʻafeusuaiga o tagata faʻamalosi faʻaoga porn nai lo i latou e le o faʻamalosi faʻaoga porn. E faapefea ona tatou iloa?
- E sefulutasi o le 19 alii talavou sa faigata ona ausia se faʻavae / faʻaosoina ma se paaga moni, ae le o le latou porn sili ona fiafia i ai.
- O tamaloloa e iai le CSB e leai ni tu'inanau fa'afeusuaiga lautele.
Mulimuli ane, na maua e tagata suʻesuʻe o mataupu laiti na faʻaleleia le gaioiga o le matagaluega pe a faʻaalia i ata mataga. O le maualuga o le dopamine spikes ma le sili atu o le lagona o le taui o mea taua ia i le avea ma talavou sili atu ona afaina i vaisu ma faiga faʻafeusuaiga.
O taunuuga o le le suʻesuʻega a Cambridge, ma le masina talu ai su'esu'ega Siamani (Fa'atonuga o Fai'ai ma Feso'ota'iga Fa'atino e Fa'atasi ma le Fa'aaogaina o Ponokalafi: O le Fai'ai i Pono. 2014), tu'uina atu le lagolago malosi mo fa'amatalaga tu'u mai iinei ile YBOP mai lona amataga ile 2011.
Faʻatasi suʻesuʻega e 2 na maua:
- O suiga tetele ole fai'ai e 3 e feso'ota'i ma vaisu na talanoaina ile YBOP vitio & tala: lagona, faʻaleagaina, ma ma le ola maloloina,
- Faʻaitiitia le faʻaosofia i ata faʻafeusuaiga (le manaʻomia mo le faʻaosofia atili).
- O le laʻititi o le tagata faʻaoga porn o le sili atu lea o le gaioiga faʻaalia i le nofoaga autu o taui.
- Ole maualuga maualuga ole ED ile talavou, faʻamalosi faʻaoga porn.
Lomia: Iulai 11, 2014
lē faʻatino
E ui lava o amioga faʻamalosi faʻafeusuaiga (CSB) ua faʻavasegaina o se vaisu "amio" ma masani poʻo le faʻaogaina o neural circuits e mafai ona pulea le gaioiga o taui masani ma fualaau faasaina, e itiiti se mea e iloa e uiga i tali i mea tau feusuaiga i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma leai se CSB. O iinei, o le faagasologa o faʻamatalaga o mea eseese tau feusuaiga na iloiloina i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma e aunoa ma le CSB, e taulaʻi atu i itulagi neural na faʻaalia i suʻesuʻega muamua o le faʻaogaina o fualaau faasaina. 19 CSB mataupu ma 19 soifua maloloina volenitia na suʻesuʻeina e faʻaaoga ai le MRI galue faʻatusatusa ata faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga ma vitio fiafia e le faʻafeusuaiga. Fa'ailoga o tu'inanauga fa'afeusuaiga ma le fiafia na maua.
E tusa ai ma volenitia soifua maloloina, o mataupu a le CSB e sili atu le naunau ae tutusa le fiafia i togi e tali atu ai i ata faʻafeusuaiga. O le faʻaalia o faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga i le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i mataupu e le o ni CSB na fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻagaoioia o le cingulate pito i luma, ventral striatum ma amygdala. O fesoʻotaʻiga faʻaogaina o le dorsal anterior cingulate-ventral striatum-amygdala network na fesoʻotaʻi ma manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga (ae le fiafia) i se tikeri sili atu i le CSB e faʻatatau i mataupu e le o CSB.. O le vavalalata i le va o le manaʻo poʻo le manaʻo ma le fiafia e ogatusa ma aʻoaʻoga o le faʻaosofia o le faʻamalosia o le CSB e pei o vaisu fualaau.. O eseesega o neural i le faagasologa o feusuaiga-faʻaalia le faʻaalia i mataupu CSB i itulagi na aʻafia muamua i suʻesuʻega faʻamalosi faʻamalosi. O le tele o le faʻaogaina o le corticostriatal limbic circuitry i le CSB pe a maeʻa ona faʻaalia i feusuaiga e taʻu mai ai le faʻaogaina o le neural o loʻo i lalo ole CSB ma faʻamoemoega olaola mo faʻalavelave.
Fuainumera
Fuaiupu: Voon V, Mole TB, Banca P, Porter L, Morris L, et al. (2014) Neural Correlates of Sexual Cue Reactivity i Tagata Ta'ito'atasi e iai ma e aunoa ma ni Amioga Fa'afeusuaiga Fa'amalosi. PLoS TASI 9(7): e102419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
Faatonutonu: Veronique Sgambato-Faure, INSERM/CNRS, Farani
Maua: Mati 6, 2014; Talia: Iuni 19, 2014; Lomia: Iulai 11, 2014
Puletaofia: © 2014 Voon et al. Ole tala lea ole avanoa avanoa e tufatufa atu ile aiaiga ole Laisene Creative Commons Attribution, lea e faatagaina ai le le faʻaaogaina o le faʻaaogaina, tufatufaina atu, ma le toe gaosia i soʻo se auala, pe'ā tuʻuina atu le tusitala muamua ma le punaʻoa.
Faʻamatalaga o Faamatalaga: Ua fa'amaonia e le au tusitala o fa'amaumauga uma o lo'o fa'atatau i su'esu'ega o lo'o avanoa atoatoa e aunoa ma se fa'atapula'aina. O faʻamatalaga uma o loʻo aofia i totonu o le pepa.
Faatupeina: Fa'atupega mai le Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship grant (093705/Z/10/Z). O Dr. Potenza sa lagolagoina i se vaega e ala i fesoasoani P20 DA027844 ma R01 DA018647 mai le National Institutes of Health; le Matagaluega a le Setete o Connecticut o le Soifua Maloloina o le Mafaufau ma Auaunaga o Vaisu; le Connecticut Mental Health Center; ma le Center of Excellence in Gambling Research Award mai le National Center for Responsible Gaming. E leai se sao a le au faʻatupeina i suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega, aoina o faʻamaumauga ma auʻiliʻiliga, faʻaiuga e lolomi, poʻo le sauniaina o tusitusiga.
Tauvaga malie: Ua faailoa mai e tusitala e leai ni aia tauva.
faʻatomuaga
O le soona fai pe fa'afitauli i feusuaiga, lea ua ta'ua o amioga fa'afeusuaiga fa'amalosi (CSB), ma'i fa'afeusuaiga fa'afeusuaiga po'o vaisu fa'afeusuaiga, o se fa'alapotopotoga masani fa'afoma'i e ono a'afia ai i'uga tau le soifua maloloina o le mafaufau ma le tino. [1]. E ui lava e le o iloa faʻatatau tonu ona o le tele o suʻesuʻega faʻamaʻi pipisi o le mafaufau e le aofia ai fua o le CSB, o faʻamaumauga o loʻo i ai nei o loʻo fautua mai ai o fua faatatau mo le CSB e mafai ona amata mai i le 2 i le 4% i le nuʻu ma le kolisi e faʻatatau i talavou matutua e tutusa fua i maʻi faʻamaʻi mafaufau. [2]-[4], e ui ina maualuga ma maualalo fua na lipotia e fuafua i le faʻamalamalamaina o le CSB [5]. O se mea lavelave i le fuafuaina o le sa'o o le taatele ma le aafiaga o le CSB e aofia ai le leai o se faʻamatalaga aloaia mo le maʻi. E ui lava o faʻavae mo le faʻamaʻi faʻafeusuaiga na tuʻuina atu mo le DSM-5 [6], o le maʻi e leʻi aofia i le DSM-5. Ae ui i lea, ona o le CSB atonu e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻalavelave tele, lagona o le maasiasi ma le faʻaleagaina o le mafaufau, e faʻamaonia ai suʻesuʻega tuusaʻo.
O le a le mea e sili ona lelei e faʻamalamalama ai le CSB na finauina, faʻatasi ai ma mafuaaga na faʻatulagaina mo le mafaufauina o le tulaga o se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi poʻo se mea e le o ni mea poʻo se vaisu "amio" [7]. Faʻavae i luga o faʻamatalaga o loʻo i ai nei, pathological gambling (poʻo le faaletonu o taaloga faitupe) na toe faʻavasegaina talu ai nei i le DSM-5 faʻatasi ai ma faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau e avea o se vaisu o amioga. [8]. Ae ui i lea, o isi faʻafitauli (faʻataʻitaʻiga, o mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le soona auai i le faʻaogaina o le Initaneti, taʻaloga vitio poʻo feusuaiga) e leʻi aofia i le vaega autu o le DSM-5, i se vaega ona o le faʻatapulaʻaina o faʻamatalaga i tulaga. [9]. O le mea lea, o le faʻaleleia atili o le malamalama i le CSB ma pe faʻafefea ona faʻaalia mea e tutusa ai poʻo eseesega mai faʻafitauli faʻaoga vailaʻau e mafai ona fesoasoani i taumafaiga faʻavasegaina ma le atinaʻeina o taumafaiga sili atu ona lelei mo le puipuia ma togafitiga. Tulaga tutusa i le va o le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au, taaloga faitupe ma fa'alavelave fa'afeusuaiga (fa'ata'ita'iga, i le fa'aletonu o le puleaina o amioga fiafia pe fa'amalieina), o le su'esu'ega o elemene e iloga i vaisu (fa'ata'ita'iga, fa'aaliga fa'aalia) e fa'amaonia ai su'esu'ega sa'o ile CSB.
E taua tele le fa'agaoioiga fa'ailo i vaega fa'apitoa fa'afoma'i o fa'afitauli o le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au. Mo se fa'ata'ita'iga, o le fa'atuputeleina o fa'ailoga e feso'ota'i ma le toe fa'afo'i [10], [11]. O se suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻi lata mai o suʻesuʻega i le faʻaalia o mea faʻaoga sese e aofia ai le ava malosi, nicotine ma cocaine na faʻaalia ai le faʻaogaina o gaioiga i faʻamatalaga o fualaau faasaina i le ventral striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) ma amygdala, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaogaina o gaioiga i le taʻutaʻua e le tagata lava ia tuʻinanau faʻaosofia i le dACC, pallidum ma ventral striatum [11]. Ae ui i lea, o le maualuga e mafai ai e nei itulagi ona faʻaalia le faʻaalia o feusuaiga-faʻaalia i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma e leai se CSB e leʻi suʻesuʻeina.
O faʻataʻitaʻiga eseese ua tuʻuina atu e faʻamatala ai amioga faʻafefe, faatasi ai ma se tasi faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo faʻapea i vaisu, "manaʻo" e vavae ese mai le "fiafia" pe a avea se tasi ma vaisu. [12]. Ae ui i lea, o le tele o le fiafia ma le manaʻo e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaalia o feusuaiga ma ona faʻamaopoopo neural i le CSB e leʻi suʻesuʻeina faʻapitoa, ma o suʻesuʻega mai ia suʻesuʻega e mafai ona tuʻuina atu faʻamatalaga e fesoasoani e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻavasegaga sili ona talafeagai o le CSB ma faʻamaonia sini o le neural mo togafitiga. atinae.
O le tele o suʻesuʻega na taulaʻi muamua i faʻataʻitaʻiga feusuaʻiga i tagata volenitia soifua maloloina e faʻamaonia itulagi e aofia ai le hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cingulate cortex i luma, insula luma, pito i luma pito i lalo, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, parietal cortex ma ogatotonu occipital cortex [13]-[19]. O nei itulagi o loʻo aʻafia i le faʻaosoina o le tino ma le faʻalagona, faʻalogo aemaise le vaʻaia o le vaʻaia, ma le faʻaosofia. I le faʻaaogaina o fua o le penile tumescence, o le striatum, cingulate pito i luma, insula, amygdala, occipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex ma le hypothalamus ua faʻaalia e faia se sao i le fausiaina o penile. [15], [20]. O eseesega e fesoʻotaʻi ma tamaʻitaʻi ua lipotia mai ma alii e sili atu le amygdala ma le hypothalamic gaioiga i feusuaiga e faʻatatau i tamaʻitaʻi, ma o nei eseesega e ono atagia mai ai le fiafia. [21]. O se suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga na faʻaalia ai se fesoʻotaʻiga masani o faiʻai i mea tau tupe, erotic ma meaʻai e aofia ai le ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala, anterior insula ma mediodorsal thalamus. [22]. O mea'ai ma taui fa'atauva'a na feso'ota'i fa'apitoa i gaioiga fa'a-inular i luma ma taui fa'ama'i fa'apitoa fa'atasi ma gaioiga amygdala. O se suʻesuʻega talu ai nei ua faʻaalia ai foi o le umi o le faʻaogaina o mea faʻaoga i luga ole laiga i luga o le initaneti i alii soifua maloloina e fesoʻotaʻi ma le gaioiga i lalo agavale agavale ma le pito i lalo taumatau o le puʻupuʻu e faʻapuupuu ata feusuaʻi. [23].
O suʻesuʻega Neurophysiological e taulaʻi atu i le CSB i le faitau aofaʻi o tagata nai lo volenitia soifua maloloina e faʻatusatusa atu le faʻatapulaʻaina. O se suʻesuʻega MRI faʻasalalau e taulaʻi i luga o se vaega toʻaitiiti o mataupu CSB e le o paraphilic (N = 8) faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina (N = 8) na faʻaalia ai le maualalo o le faʻasalalauga i pito i luma pito i luga. [24]. O mataupu na fa'afaigaluegaina mai se polokalame togafitiga ma le 7 o le 8 mataupu o loʻo i ai se talaʻaga o le faʻaaogaina o le ava malosi, 4 o le 8 faʻatasi ai ma se talaʻaga o isi vailaʻau faʻasaina poʻo le faʻalagolago ma le 1 o le 8 faʻatasi ma se talaʻaga o le maʻi faʻamalosi malosi. I se suʻesuʻega o loʻo taulaʻi atu i le 52 tane ma le fafine CSB mataupu ma faʻafitauli e faʻatonutonu ai le vaʻaia i luga ole laiga o ata faʻafeusuaiga na maua mai faʻasalalauga i luga ole laiga, faʻaalia i ata faʻafeusuaiga faʻatusatusa i ata le mautonu na fesoʻotaʻi ma le maualuga maualuga o le tali P300, e aʻafia i le pulea lelei. [25]. A'o fa'atasi lenei fua fa'atasi ma tu'inanauga fa'afeusuaiga ae le o faiga fa'afeusuaiga, na fautuaina ai e le au tusitala o le P300 amplitude e fa'afeso'ota'i mana'oga fa'afeusuaiga nai lo amioga fa'amalosi. Ua lipotia le hypersexuality i le tulaga o faaletonu o le neura ma a latou vailaʻau faʻapitoa. Fa'afeusuaiga fa'amalosi, e tupu i le 3-4% o gasegase o le Parkinson ma e feso'ota'i ma vaila'au dopaminergic [26], [27], sa suʻesuʻeina foʻi i le faʻaaogaina o ata faʻataʻitaʻiga. O se lipoti faʻapitoa e faʻaaoga ai le technetium-99 m-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT na faʻaalia ai le faʻateleina o le tafe toto i vaega faʻaletino masial i le maʻi CSB [28]. O se suʻesuʻega tele o loʻo taulaʻi atu i faʻamaʻi o le Parkinson o loʻo maua i le hypersexuality na faʻaalia ai le sili atu o le gaioiga o le MRI Blood Oxygen Level Gaoioiga faʻalagolago i ata faʻafeusuaiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalauteleina o tuʻinanauga tau feusuaiga. [29], lea na fautua mai e le au tusitala e ono atagia mai ai manatu faʻaosofia-faaosofia o vaisu. O se suʻesuʻega voxel-based-morphometry o le faʻafeusuaiga e masani ona lipotia i amioga fesuisuiaʻi i luma o le dementia, o se faʻamaʻi e aʻafia ai le ventromedial i luma ma pito i luma o le tino, na faʻaalia ai le sili atu o le atrophy i le putamen ventral taumatau ma le pallidum i le fesoʻotaʻi ma togi suʻega taui. [30]. O le faʻamatalaga, i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le hypersexuality na lipotia i le 17% faʻatasi ai ma isi amioga saili taui e aofia ai le 'ai tele i le 78% ma le fou pe faʻateleina le ava malosi poʻo le faʻaaogaina o fualaau faasaina i le 26% o tagata taʻitoʻatasi i lenei suʻesuʻega. I lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei, matou te taulai atu i mataupu CSB i le faitau aofaʻi lautele.
O iinei na matou suʻesuʻeina ai le faʻaalia o le faʻatusatusaina o ata vitio faʻafeusuaiga faʻatasi ma faʻaosofiaga faʻafeusuaiga (e pei o vitio o taʻaloga) ma suʻesuʻeina le tele o manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga poʻo le manaʻo ma le fiafia i mataupu e iai ma leai se CSB. Matou te manatu o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e iai le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa ia i latou e leai o le a faʻaalia le tele o le manaʻo (manaʻo) ae le fiafia (tutusa i vaega eseese) e tali atu i faʻafeusuaiga faʻaalia ae le o ni faʻaaliga faʻafeusuaiga.. E ui lava o le tele o itulagi na aʻafia i le tali atu i feusuaiga i tagata volenitia soifua maloloina, aʻo matou suʻesuʻeina tagata mamaʻi ma le CSB, matou te manatu o le a sili atu le faʻagaoioia o feusuaiga pe a faʻatusatusa i faʻaaliga fiafia e le faʻafeusuaiga i itulagi o loʻo aʻafia i fualaau faasaina. suʻesuʻega faʻaalia e aofia ai le ventral striatum, dACC ma amygdala. Matou te toe manatu o nei faʻalapotopotoga faʻaitulagi o le a fesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi i vaega uma ae sili atu le malosi i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i latou e leai, ma o le manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga (manaʻo) o le a sili atu ona fesoʻotaʻi malosi i gaioiga i totonu o nei itulagi i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i i latou e leai. Tuuina atu suiga tau atina'e i faiga fa'aosofia o lo'o fa'avaeina amioga lamatia [31], sa matou suʻesuʻeina foʻi sootaga ma le matua.
Metotia
O mataupu a le CSB na fa'afaigaluegaina e ala i fa'asalalauga fa'ainitaneti ma mai fa'asinomaga mai foma'i. O tagata volenitia soifua maloloina na fa'afaigaluegaina mai fa'asalalauga fa'alapotopotoga i le itu i Sasa'e Anglia. Mo le vaega o le CSB, sa faia su'esu'ega e fa'aaoga ai le Su'ega Su'ega Su'ega Su'ega ile Initaneti (ISST) [32] ma se su'esu'ega lautele-fa'atulagaina fesili i fa'amatalaga e aofia ai le matua o le amataga, taimi, umi, taumafaiga e pulea le fa'aoga, fa'amama, mamanu o le fa'aoga, togafitiga ma a'afiaga leaga. O mataupu a le CSB na faia se faatalanoaga faafesagai ma se fomai o le mafaufau e faamaonia ai ua latou ausia taiala mo suesuega mo le CSB. [6], [33], [34] (Ripoti S1 i File S1) e taula'i i le fa'aogaina fa'amalosi o mea fa'afeusuaiga i luga ole laiga. O tagata uma na auai na ausia tuʻutuʻuga faʻataʻitaʻiga mo le Hypersexual Disorder [6], [33] ma taiala mo vaisu tau feusuaiga [34] (Ripoti S1 i File S1).
I le mamanu ma le tuʻuina atu o le natura o faʻamatalaga, o mataupu CSB uma ma volenitia soifua maloloina o tane ma faʻafeusuaiga. O ali'i volenitia soifua maloloina sa tutusa tausaga (+/−5 tausaga) ma mataupu CSB. O se isi 25 tausaga e fetaui lelei ma tama'ita'i talavou volenitia soifua maloloina na faia le fa'avasegaina o ata vitio i fafo atu o le scanner e fa'amautinoa ai le lava o tali fa'apitoa i vitio e pei ona iloiloina e tali fa'atatau. Tulaga fa'apitoa e aofia ai le i lalo ifo o le 18 tausaga le matua, i ai se tala'aga o fa'afitauli o le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au, avea ma tagata e masani ona fa'aaogaina vaila'au fa'asolitulafono (e aofia ai le cannabis), ma le i ai o se ma'i tuga o le mafaufau, e aofia ai le fa'apopoleina o lo'o iai nei (Beck Depression Inventory). >20) po'o le fa'alavelave fa'alavelave, po'o le tala'aga o le ma'i pipili po'o le schizophrenia (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) [35]. O isi vaisu fa'amalosi po'o amioga sa fa'ate'aina fo'i. O mataupu na suʻesuʻeina e se fomaʻi mafaufau e uiga i faʻafitauli faʻaogaina o taʻaloga i luga ole laiga poʻo ala o fesoʻotaʻiga lautele, taʻaloga faʻamaʻi poʻo faʻatauga faʻatau, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi o le tamaititi poʻo tagata matutua, ma le suʻesuʻeina o le maʻi o le 'ai. Sa suʻesuʻeina foi mataupu mo le fetaui ma le siosiomaga MRI.
O mataupu na maeʻa le UPPS-P Fua o amioga [36] e iloilo ai le impulsivity, Beck Depression Inventory [37] ma Faʻamaumauga o le atuatuvale i le Setete o le Setete [38] e iloilo ai le atuatuvale ma le popole, i le faasologa, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-R e iloilo ai uiga mata'utia ma le Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [39]. Sa su'esu'eina le fa'aogaina lautele o le Initaneti e fa'aaoga ai le Su'ega a le Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) [40] ma le Faʻaaogaina o le Faʻaaogaina o le Initaneti (CIUS) [41]. Le Suʻega a le Matutua Atunuʻu Matutua [42] na fa'aaogaina e maua ai se fa'asinomaga o le IQ. Ose fa'aliliuga o le Fa'ailoga Fa'afeusuaiga a Arizona (ASES) [43] na fa'aogaina i le tasi fa'amatalaga e talafeagai i mafutaga vavalalata ma le isi fa'amatalaga e talafeagai i luga ole laiga i mea tau feusua'iga.
O uiga o mataupu o lo'o lipotia ile Siata S1 ile File S1. O mataupu a le CSB na maualuga atu le atuatuvale ma le popole (Table S2 in File S1) ae leai ni su'esu'ega i le taimi nei o le fa'anoanoa tele. E lua o mataupu a le 19 CSB o loʻo ave faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi poʻo sa i ai faʻalavelave faʻalavelave popole lautele ma phobia lautele (N = 2) poʻo phobia lautele (N = 1) poʻo se talaʻaga o tamaiti o le ADHD (N = 1). E tasi le mataupu a le CSB ma le to'atasi o le soifua maloloina volenitia na fa'aaogaina le cannabis i taimi uma.
Na maua le fa'atagaga tusitusia, ma sa fa'amaonia le su'esu'ega e le Komiti o Amio Taualoa a le Iunivesite o Cambridge. Na totogi mataupu mo lo latou auai.
Fuainumera o amioga
Na fa'atusatusa uiga o mataupu ma togi o fesili e fa'aaoga ai su'ega-t tuto'atasi po'o su'ega Chi-square. Na fa'aogaina su'esu'ega fa'atele mo sikoa ASES. Mo fa'ailoga o mana'oga tau feusua'iga po'o le fiafia, fa'afefiloi-fua ANOVA na fa'aogaina e fa'atusatusa ai fa'atusatusaga fa'atusa fa'atusa fa'atasi ma fa'avasegaga (CSB, non-CSB) o se fua i le va o mata'upu, ituaiga vitio (fa'aaliga manino po'o fa'ailoga), ma fua fa'atatau. (manao po'o le fiafia) e pei o totonu-mataupu fua.
Neuroimaging
I le galuega fa'ata'ita'iga, sa va'ai mata'upu i ata vitiō o lo'o tu'uina atu i se faiga fa'afeagai mai se tasi o tulaga e 5: fa'afeusuaiga manino, fa'afeusuaiga, fa'afiafiaga fa'afeusuaiga, tupe ma le fa'aituau. O vitio na faʻaalia mo le 9 sekone, sosoo ai ma se fesili pe o le vitio i totonu poʻo fafo. Na tali mai mataupu e fa'aaoga ai le ki-pad 2-button ma o latou numera lona lua ma le tolu o latou lima taumatau ina ia mautinoa o loʻo latou gauai atu. O le fesili na tupu i le taimi o le va o le 2000 i le 4000 milliseconds. O vitio manino na faʻaalia ai fegalegaleaiga faʻafeusuaiga i le va o se tamaloa ma se fafine na maua mai i vitio na sii mai i luga ole Initaneti ma laisene e maua pe a manaʻomia. O fa'ata'ita'iga o vitiō fa'atauva'a e aofia ai se tama'ita'i 'ofu o lo'o siva fa'ama'i po'o se va'aiga o se tama'ita'i e fufulu lona ogavae. O vitiō fa'afiafia e le o fa'afeusuaiga na fa'aalia ai ata ta'aloga e pei o le natura i ata fa'agae'e tele mai le International Affective Picture System e pei o le fa'ase'e, ma'ulu i le lagi, a'e papa, po'o le tietie uila. O ata vitio o tupe o loʻo faʻaalia ai ata o tupe siliva poʻo tupe pepa o loʻo totogiina, pa'ū pe salalau. O vitiō fa'aletonu na fa'aalia ai vaaiga o laufanua. O tulaga na faʻatulagaina faʻatasi ma le valu faʻataʻitaʻiga i le tulaga na faʻaalia mo le aofaʻi o 40 ata vitio. E lima vitio eseese i tulaga na faʻaalia mo le aofaʻi o 25 vitio eseese.
I le galuega fa'avasega vitiō i fafo atu o le masini su'e, sa matamata mata'upu i ia lava vitiō ma fa'amae'aina le fua fa'atatau mo tu'inanauga tau feusua'iga ma le fiafia. Na fesiligia mataupu i fesili nei i luga o faʻataʻitaʻiga eseese e 2: 'O le a le tele na faʻateleina ai lou tuʻinanau feusuaʻiga?' ma 'O le a le tele na e fiafia ai i lenei vitio?' ma fa'ailoa mai se tali e fa'aaoga ai se isumu i luga o se laina taula mai le 'Very tama'i' i le 'Very tele'. E to'a 25 ali'i volenitia soifua maloloina fa'aopoopo na fa'ata'ita'iina ile galuega fa'avasega vitiō. Na fesiligia mataupu pe na latou matamata muamua i vitiō a o leʻi faia le suʻesuʻega. O galuega uma sa fa'ailogaina ile fa'aogaina ole E-Prime 2.0 software.
Faʻamaumauga ma faʻatautaia
O fa'asologa o le mauaina o le su'esu'ega fMRI o lo'o fa'amatalaina i totonu File S1. O ata vitio 9-lua ma vaeluaga o le faamasinoga na faʻataʻitaʻiina e pei o galuega pusa-taavale faʻatasi ma galuega tali hemodynamic. Na fa'atautaia su'esu'ega i le fa'aogaina o fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ata'ita'i lautele. Na fa'atusatusa tulaga o ata vitio i le fa'aaogaina o le ANOVA fa'atasi ma le vaega (CSB, non-CSB) e avea o se va-mataupu fa'ailoga ma tulaga (ituaiga vitiō) o se mea i totonu-mataupu. O a'afiaga autu o kulupu i tulaga uma na fa'atusatusa muamua. O a'afiaga o tulaga na fa'atusatusaina ta'ito'atasi le fa'atusatusaina o tulaga manino, fa'atauva'a ma tupe ma tulaga fa'afiafia. O vitio ta'aloga fiafia na fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'atonuga mo tulaga fa'aalia ma fa'afeusuaiga a'o latou fa'aaofia uma le fa'anofoina o tagata i totonu o vitio. O faʻagaioiga i luga aʻe o le faiʻai atoa-faʻatonu-aiga sese (FWE) faʻasaʻo P <0.05 na manatu taua i faʻatusatusaga o aʻafiaga autu. Fa'a-vaega-tulaga (fa'ata'ita'iga CSB(fa'aalia - fa'afiafiaina) - Volenitia fa'alesoifua maloloina(fa'aalia - fa'afiafiaga)) fegalegaleaiga fa'atatau ile muamua na fa'atinoina vaega fa'atatau o tulu'i pe a fa'apea o le fa'atusatusaga o tulaga (fa'ata'ita'iga manino - fa'afiafiaina) fa'ailoaina itu taua i le FWE P<0.05 tulaga atoa. Sa fa'aaogaina fa'ailoga o le matua ma le atuatuvale e fai ma fa'atasi. O fesuiaiga e aofia ai fua faʻatatau o manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga ma le fiafia i tali i faʻaaliga vitio, togi i luga o le Suʻega a le Initaneti Young Addiction Test, ma aso faʻasaʻo na aofia ai i faʻataʻitaʻiga o ni mea e fiafia i ai. Sa suʻesuʻeina foʻi le faʻatusatusaina o tausaga, pulea le atuatuvale ma manaʻoga faʻapitoa, i vaega uma ma faʻaogaina le ufiufi manino.
O le ventral striatum, amygdala ma le dorsal cingulate sa fa'apea o vaega e fiafia iai. Mo nei itulagi e tolu ma le malosi muamua manatu, matou tuʻufaʻatasia le ROI e faʻaaoga ai se faʻasaʻoga laiti-volume-faʻasaʻo (SVC) faʻatasi ma Family-Wise-Error faʻasaʻo i le p<0.05 manatu taua. Tuuina atu suʻesuʻega e fesoʻotaʻi ai fua faʻatatau o le manaʻo i le faʻagaioiina o le cingulate dorsal, o le suʻesuʻeina o fegalegaleaiga a le psychophysiological na faia ma le cingulate dorsal e pei o le fatu fatu (faamaopoopo xyz = 0 8 38 mm, radius = 10 mm) faʻatusatusa manino - vitiō fiafia. Ona o le aʻafiaga o le mesolimbic ma le mesocortical circuitry, o le gaioiga i le substantia nigra na iloiloina foi i luga o se suʻesuʻega. Le ventral striatal anatomical region of interest (ROI), na faʻaaogaina muamua i isi suʻesuʻega [44], na tusia lima i le MRIcro mulimuli i le faʻamatalaga o le ventral striatum e Martinez et al. [45]. O ROI mo cingulate ma amygdala na maua mai aal templates i WFUPickAtlas SPM Toolbox [46]. E lua faʻataʻitaʻiga eseese mo le tele nigra ROI na faʻaaogaina e aofia ai le WFUPickAtlas faʻataʻitaʻiga ma se ROI tosoina lima i le MRIcro e faʻaaoga ai faʻasologa faʻasologa o le magnetization mai 17 volenitia soifua maloloina. O faʻamatalaga ata uma na muaʻi faʻatautaia ma suʻesuʻeina e faʻaaoga ai le SPM 8 (Welcome Trust Center mo NeuroImaging, Lonetona, UK).
i'uga
uiga
E sefuluiva tane faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga ma CSB (tausaga 25.61 (SD 4.77) tausaga) ma 19 tausaga faʻatusatusa (tausaga 23.17 (SD 5.38) tausaga) tane faʻafeusuaiga tane soifua maloloina volenitia e aunoa ma le CSB na suʻesuʻeina (Ripoti S2 i File S1). O le 25 fa'aopoopo e tutusa le matutua (25.33 (SD 5.94) tausaga) tama tane fa'afeusuaiga soifua maloloina volenitia na fa'avasegaina vitio. O mataupu a le CSB na lipotia mai o se taunuuga o le tele o le faʻaaogaina o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga, ua leai ni a latou galuega ona o le faʻaaogaina i le galuega (N = 2), faʻaleagaina mafutaga vavalalata poʻo le faʻaleagaina o isi gaioiga lautele (N = 16), ua o'o i le fa'aitiitia o le libido po'o le erectile galuega fa'apitoa i mafutaga fa'aletino ma tama'ita'i (e ui lava e le'o fa'atasi ma mea fa'afeusuaiga) (N = 11), faʻaaogaina tele faʻauʻu (N = 3), faʻataʻitaʻiga o le pule i le ola (N = 2) ma le faʻaaogaina o tupe tetele (N = 3; mai le £ 7000 i le £ 15000). E sefulu mataupu sa i ai pe sa i ai i le faufautua mo a latou amio. O mataupu uma na lipotia mai le masturbation faatasi ai ma le matamata i luga ole laiga i luga ole laiga o mea tau feusuaiga. Ua lipotia foi e mataupu le faaaogaina o auaunaga faafeao (N = 4) ma cybersex (N = 5). I luga o se fa'aliliuga fetu'una'i o le Fa'ailoga Fa'afeusuaiga a Arizona [43], O mataupu a le CSB pe a fa'atusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina e sili atu le faigata i le fa'afeusuaiga fa'afeusuaiga ma o'o ai i le tele o fa'afitauli erectile i mafutaga fa'afeusuaiga fa'afeusuaiga ae le o mea tau feusua'iga. (Laulau S3 i File S1).
Pe a faatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina, o mataupu a le CSB na muamua vaʻavaʻai i luga o le initaneti mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga i le matua (HV: 17.15 (SD 4.74); CSB: 13.89 (SD 2.22) i tausaga) faʻatatau i le matua o le amataga mo le faʻaogaina o le Initaneti i le lautele (HV: 12.94 (SD 2.65); CSB: 12.00 (SD 2.45) i tausaga) ( fegalegaleaiga faʻavae faʻavae: F(1,36) = 4.13, p = 0.048). O mataupu a le CSB e sili atu le fa'aogaina o le Initaneti e fa'atatau i volenitia soifua maloloina (Table S3 in File S1). O le mea taua, o mataupu a le CSB na lipotia mai le faʻaogaina o le Initaneti mo le matamata i luga ole laiga i mea tau feusuaiga mo le 25.49% o le aofaʻi o le faʻaogaina i luga ole laiga (mo le averesi 8.72 (SD 3.56) tausaga) faʻatusatusa i le 4.49% i volenitia soifua maloloina. (t = 5.311, p<0.0001) (CSB vs. HV: faʻaoga faʻafeusuaiga: 13.21 (SD 9.85) vs 1.75 (SD 3.36) itula i le vaiaso; aofaʻi faʻaoga initaneti: 37.03 (SD 17.65) vs. 26.10 ) itula i le vaiaso).
Faʻaalia le tali atu
O fua fa'atatau o le mana'o ma le fiafia i vitiō na vavae'ese lea sa i ai se va'aiga-fa'atatau-ituaiga-i-video-ituaiga fegalegaleaiga (F(1,30) = 4.794, p = 0.037): fa'ailoga mana'oga i vitio manino sa sili atu i le CSB fa'atusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina (F = 5.088, p = 0.032) ae le o ni fa'ailoga fa'atauva'a (F = 0.448, p = 0.509), a'o le fiafia i fa'ailoga i fa'ailoga fa'atauva'a na sili atu i le CSB fa'atusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina (F = 4.351, p = 0.047) ae le o ni faailoga manino (F = 3.332, p = 0.079). O le mana'o ma le fiafia o togi i fa'ailoga manino na matua fa'atasi (HV: R2 = 0.696, p<0.0001; CSB: R2 = 0.363, p = 0.017) e ui lava o le laina laina e leʻi matua ese lava i le va o vaega (F = 2.513, p = 0.121). E leai foʻi se eseesega i le faʻavasegaina o ata vitio mo le manaʻoga ma le fiafia i tulaga taʻitasi i le va o volenitia soifua maloloina suʻesuʻe ma se isi 25 volenitia soifua maloloina o loʻo fautua mai le faʻatatauga faʻavae i vitio na fai ma sui. (p's>0.05). O mataupu uma na lipotia latou te leʻi vaʻai muamua i vitio aʻo leʻi faia le suʻesuʻega.
Iloiloga ata
E leai se eseesega o le fa'agaoioia fai'ai i le va-vaega na sao mai le fa'asa'oga atoa-fai'ai. O le eseesega o ata manino - fiafia i vaega o mataupu na faʻaalia ai le faʻagaoioia o le ventral striatum, dACC ma le amygdala i le FWE p<0.05 faʻasaʻo atoa-faiʻai (Ata 1, Laulau S4 ma S5 i File S1). O le faʻatusatusaga na faʻaalia ai foi le faʻaogaina o le lua o le hypothalamus ma le substantia nigra (FWE p<0.05 atoa-faiʻai), o itulagi e aʻafia i le faʻafeusuaiga ma le gaioiga o le dopaminergic, i le faasologa. [13], [22]. O le eseesega o faʻamatalaga manino - faʻafiafia ma faʻafiafia - faʻafiafiaga faʻaalia uma e lua o loʻo faʻaalia i totonu o itulagi occipito-temporal bilateral, parietal ma pito pito i luma cortices ma taumatau saʻo (FWE p<0.05) (Table S4 in File S1). Peita'i, e le'i fa'ailoaina le fa'atusatusaga o mea fa'afiafia - fiafia muamua itulagi manatu. E fa'apena fo'i, o le tupe - fa'afeagai fa'afiafia na fa'ailoa mai ai le lua fa'atasi ma le pito i luma pito i lalo (fa'atonu-fai'ai atoa FWE p<0.05) ae le o le muamua itulagi manatu.
Ata 1. Tulaga eseese.
O le fai'ai tioata ma ata fa'atosina o lo'o fa'aalia ai a'afiaga i vaega o fa'atusatusaga nei: manino - fa'afiafia (agavale, laina pito i luga), fa'afiafia - fiafia (ogatotonu, laina ogatotonu) ma tupe - fa'afiafia (taumatau, laina pito i lalo). O ata o loʻo faʻaalia ile faiʻai atoa FWE-faʻasaʻo P<0.05. O le va'aiga axial (taumatau pito i luga) o lo'o fa'aalia ai le eseesega i vaega o fa'aaliga manino - vitiō fa'afiafia e taula'i i le substantia nigra. O le ata o loʻo faʻaalia i se vaega tele o le tului matapulepule o loʻo ufiufi i luga o se faʻasologa faʻasologa o le magnetization.
Pule: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0102419.g001
Na matou toe su'esu'eina le va o-vaega ese'esega i le fa'aaliga manino - fa'afiafiaga na fa'aalia ai se aafiaga taua i vaega uma i totonu oa tatou itulagi fa'ata'atia. O mataupu a le CSB na faʻaalia le tele o gaioiga i le itu taumatau ventral striatum (peak voxel xyz i mm = 18 2 -2, Z = 3.47, FWE p = 0.032), dACC (0 8 38, Z = 3.88, FWE p = 0.020) ma le amygdala taumatau (32 −8 −12, Z = 3.38, FWE p = 0.018) (Ata 2). Tuuina atu se matafaioi mo le dopaminergic circuitry i le faʻaalia o le gaioiga, matou te suʻesuʻeina foi le gaioiga i le substantia nigra. O mataupu a le CSB na sili atu le gaioiga i le saʻo o le substantia nigra (10 −18 −10, Z = 3.01, FWE p = 0.045) i le fa'aaliga manino - fiafia. O se suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa e le aofia ai mataupu e lua na i luga o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi e leʻi suia ai suʻesuʻega taua.
Ata 2. Fa'aaliga manino ma fa'ailoga fiafia.
O manatu fa'ato'aga e fa'atusalia ai le va'aiga fa'atasi-i-video-ituaiga o mata'upu fa'atasi ai ma amioga fa'afeusuaiga fa'amalosi (CSB)>volenitia maloloina (HV) fa'atusatusa manino>fa'ailoga fiafia. O ata o loʻo faʻaalia o ni itulagi e fiafia i ai ile P<0.005. Ole su'esu'ega ole taimi ole fa'ailoga ole suiga ole % ile vitiō manino (pito i luga) ma vitiō fa'afiafia (lalo) fa'atasi ai ma mata'upu CSB ile mumu ma volenitia maloloina ile uliuli. Fa'amau sese e fai ma sui o le SEM.
Pule: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0102419.g002
Ina ia suʻesuʻeina le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o tali neural i faʻamatalaga ma faʻataʻitaʻiga o le manaʻo ma le fiafia, matou te faia suʻesuʻega faʻatasi e aofia ai tali faiʻai i faʻamatalaga manino. I vaega uma e lua, o fua faʻatatau o manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga faʻapitoa na fesoʻotaʻi lelei ma le gaioiga a le dACC (−4 18 32, Z = 3.51, p = 0.038), e aunoa ma se eseesega i le va o vaega (Ata 3). E leai ni feso'ota'iga neural ma le mana'o fa'apitoa.
Ata 3. Mana'oga fa'afeusuaiga.
A. Mana'oga fa'apitoa ma le fiafia i togi i ituaiga vitio i mata'upu e iai amioga fa'amalosi tau feusua'iga (CSB) ma tagata volenitia maloloina (HV). Sa i ai se vaega taua-i-vitio-ituaiga-i-manao/fiafia i fegalegaleaiga. Fa'amau sese e fai ma sui o le SEM. *p<0.05. B. Mana'o fa'atasi mo vitiō manino i mata'upu CSB ma HV fa'atasi ai ma le kalafi o su'esu'ega fa'asolosolo tutusa mo fua fa'atatau (PE) ma sikoa mana'oga. C. Psychophysiological su'esu'ega feso'ota'iga ma le mana'o fa'atasi mo le fa'aaliga manino-fa'afiafiaga ma fatu cingulate pito. O ata ma kalafi o loʻo faʻaalia ai mataupu CSB faʻatasi ai ma se matapulepule HV faʻapitoa ma suʻesuʻega faʻasolosolo tutusa mo le ventral striatum ma amygdala fua faʻatatau ma sikoa manaʻoga. O ata o loʻo faʻaalia o ni itulagi e fiafia i ai ile P<0.005.
Pule: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0102419.g003
I luga o se tulaga suʻesuʻe, na suʻesuʻeina gaioiga neural o se galuega o le matua. O le matua i mataupu uma na faʻapipiʻiina le lelei ma le gaioiga i le itu taumatau ventral striatum (taumatau: 8 20 -8, Z = 3.13, FWE p = 0.022) ma le dACC (2 20 40, Z = 3.88, FWE p = 0.045). O gaioiga sili atu e pei o se galuega o le matua na matauina i le vaega CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina i le ventral striatum bilateral (taumatau: 4 18 -2, Z = 3.31, FWE p = 0.013; agavale -8 −18 −2, Z = 3.01 , FWE p = 0.034) (Ata 4).
Ata 4. Tausaga.
O lo'o fa'aalia i le va'aiga fa'ailo le fa'avasegaina o tausaga mo vitiō manino i mata'upu fa'atasi ma Amioga Fa'afeusuaiga Fa'amalosi (CSB) fa'atasi ai ma se matapulepule fa'alesoifua maloloina (HV). O le kalafi o lo'o fa'aalia ai le su'esu'ega o le fa'asolo mo le fua fa'atatau o le ventral striatal parameter (PE) ma le matua i tausaga. O le ata o loʻo faʻaalia o se itulagi e fiafia i ai ile P<0.005.
Pule: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0102419.g004
Tuuina atu le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o faʻataʻitaʻiga o manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga faʻale-aiga gaioiga dACC, o se suʻesuʻega faʻafesoʻotaʻi a le psychophysiological e faʻaaoga ai le dACC o se fatu na faʻataʻitaʻiina faʻatusatusa manino - faʻailoga fiafia. I vaega uma e lua, na faʻateleina le fesoʻotaʻiga o le dACC faʻatasi ai ma le ventral striatum taumatau (8 20 -4, Z = 3.14, FWE p = 0.029) ma le amygdala taumatau (12 0 -18, Z = 3.38, FWE p = 0.009) . E leai se eseesega i le va o vaega i feso'ota'iga fa'atino. Pe a suʻesuʻeina togi manaʻoga faʻapitoa e pei o se covariate, sa i ai se fesoʻotaʻiga lelei i le va o manaʻoga ma sili atu le fesoʻotaʻiga i mataupu CSB i le va o le dACC ma le taumatau ventral striatum (12 2-2, Z = 3.51, FWE p = 0.041) ma le amygdala saʻo. (30 −2 −12, Z = 3.15, FWE p = 0.048) (Ata 3) ma, i luga o se tulaga suʻesuʻe, tuʻu le substantia nigra (-14 −20 −8, Z = 3.10, FWE p = 0.048) faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina. E leai ni su'esu'ega taua e fa'atatau i faiga fiafia.
Talanoaga
I lenei suʻesuʻega o faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga, erotic ma le le faʻafeusuaiga, o tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le CSB ma i latou e leai na faʻaalia mea tutusa ma eseesega e faʻatatau i mamanu o le tali atu i le neural ma sootaga i le va o tali faʻapitoa ma neural. Mana'oga fa'afeusuaiga po'o le mana'o i fa'ailoga fa'afeusuaiga sa feso'ota'i atu i se feso'ota'iga fa'atino a le dACC-ventral striatal-amygdala i vaega uma e lua ma sili atu ona fa'agaoioia ma feso'ota'i i mana'oga tau feusua'iga i le vaega CSB. Mana'oga fa'afeusuaiga po'o fua fa'atatau o le mana'o e foliga mai e vavae'ese mai le fiafia, e tusa ai ma manatu fa'aosofia-fa'ailoa o vaisu. [12] o lo'o i ai le fa'alauteleina o le mana'o ae le fiafia i taui iloga. Na matou matauina atili se matafaioi mo le matua lea o le matua laiti, aemaise lava i le vaega CSB, na fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o gaioiga i le ventral striatum.
Pe a faatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina, o mataupu a le CSB e sili atu le manaʻo tau feusuaʻiga poʻo le manaʻo e faʻaalia faʻamatalaga ma sili atu le fiafia i faʻailoga faʻaalia, ma faʻaalia ai se vaʻaiga i le va o le manaʻo ma le fiafia. CO mataupu a le SB na i ai foʻi faʻafitauli sili atu o le faʻafeusuaiga ma faigata erectile i mafutaga vavalalata ae le o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻaalia e faʻamaonia ai o le faʻaleleia o le manaʻoga e faʻapitoa i faʻamatalaga manino ae le o le faʻalauteleina o tuʻinanauga tau feusuaiga.. I mataupu a le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina, o le maualuga o le manaʻo tau feusuaʻiga i faʻamatalaga manino na fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o le dACC gaioiga ma faʻaleleia atili le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le dACC, ventral striatum ma amgydala (pei ona faʻamatalaina i lalo), faʻaalia se fesoʻotaʻiga e aʻafia i le faʻagasologa o mea taua. mana'o e feso'ota'i ma fa'ailoga tau feusua'iga. O se suʻesuʻega talu ai o le faʻamalosia o feusuaiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le dopamine agonists i le maʻi o Parkinson, lea e mafai ona aofia ai amioga e pei o le faʻaaogaina faʻamalosi o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga, faʻaalia ai le sili atu o le neura i faʻataʻitaʻiga ata feusuaʻiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalauteleina o tuʻinanauga tau feusuaiga. [29]. O a matou suʻesuʻega o loʻo taulaʻi atu i le CSB i le faitau aofaʻi o tagata e tutusa lelei lava ma faʻaosofia manatu faʻamalosia e faʻamalosia ai le manaʻo faʻafefe poʻo le faʻaosofia i le vailaʻau poʻo le faʻafeusuaiga, ae le o le 'fiafia' poʻo le leo faʻafefe. [12].
Fomaʻi-gaʻo-gasegase ma le fiailoa suʻesuʻega o le nicotine, cocaine ma le ava malosi e aofia ai le telefoni feaveaʻi, dACC ma amygdala [13]. I le suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei, o nei itulagi na faʻagaoioia i le taimi o le matamataina o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻafeusuaiga i luga o vaega faʻatasi ma le CSB. O le mataʻituina o faʻagaioiga malosi o nei itulagi i le CSB faʻatasi ai ma tagata volenitia soifua maloloina e talitutusa ma suʻesuʻega na matauina mo vailaʻau faʻaalia i vaisu, faʻaalia ai le neurobiological tutusa i faʻafitauli.
I le suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei i le tali atu i faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga, manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o le dACC, ma le tele o le dACC-ventral striatal-amygdala o loʻo fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalauteleina o le manaʻoga i se tulaga sili atu i mataupu CSB nai lo mataupu tau soifua maloloina. . O mataupu a le CSB na faʻaalia foʻi le tele o gaioiga nigra pe a faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina, ma mafai ai ona faʻafesoʻotaʻi suʻesuʻega i gaioiga dopaminergic. I totonu o tagata ma tagata e le o ni tagata, o le dACC o se faʻamoemoe taua o suʻesuʻega dopaminergic mai le tele nigra ma le ventral tegmental area. [47], tulituliloaina fa'aaliga ma fa'ailoga sese. O le dACC e tuʻuina atu faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa i le ventral ma dorsomedial striatum, o loʻo aʻafia i le faʻatusaina o le taua ma taui faʻailoga ma le faʻaosofia ma e iai fesoʻotaʻiga tutusa i le pito i tua o le amygdala ma maua ai faʻamatalaga e uiga i mea faʻalagona. [48], [49]. E tele fo'i feso'ota'iga a le itulagi ma vaega fa'atosina e aofia ai le premotor, afi muamua ma le pito i luma-parietal cortices ma o lo'o va'aia lelei e a'afia ai le filifiliga o gaioiga. O le dACC o loʻo aʻafia i le gaioiga o tiga, faʻaosofia le lelei ma le pulea o le mafaufau [48], faʻatasi ai ma suʻesuʻega talu ai nei o loʻo faʻamaonia ai le matafaioi a le dACC i le faʻailoga sese ma le faʻamoemoeina o taui [50], [51], aemaise lava e taʻitaʻia ai aʻoaʻoga faʻatino-tauia [52], [53]. O a matou fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga suʻesuʻega faʻatasi ma se matafaioi mo se fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻi i luga o le dACC i le faʻagasologa o taui faʻafeusuaiga ma i le faʻaalia o feusuaiga-faʻaalia ma lona sootaga i le manaʻo o se faʻailoga faʻaosofia.
O a matou sailiga e fautua mai ai le galuega a le CCC e atagia mai ai le matafaioi o le manaʻoga faʻafeusuaiga, lea atonu e talitutusa ma se suʻesuʻega i le P300 i mataupu a le CSB e faʻafetaui ma le manaʻo [25]. Matou te faʻaalia eseesega i le va o le CSB vaega ma volenitia soifua maloloina ae o lenei suʻesuʻega talu ai e leai se vaega e pulea. O le faʻatusatusaina o lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo iai nei ma lomiga muamua i le CSB o loʻo taulaʻi atu i le faʻasalalauina o le MRI ma le P300 e faigata ona tuʻuina atu eseesega faʻavae. O suʻesuʻega o le P300, o se mea e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e suʻesuʻe ai le faʻaituau i faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau, faʻaalia ai le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o le nicotine. [54], ava malosi [55], ma le au faipule [56], fa'atasi ai ma fua e masani ona feso'ota'i ma fa'ailoga tu'inanau. O le P300 e masani ona suʻesuʻeina i faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau e faʻaaoga ai galuega oddball lea e masani ona fefiloi ai faʻamoemoega maualalo ma faʻalavelave maualuga e le o taulaʻi. O se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga na faʻaalia ai o mataupu faʻaoga-faʻaogaina-faʻaleagaina ma tagata o latou aiga e leʻi aʻafia na faʻaititia le maualuga o le P300 pe a faʻatusatusa i volenitia soifua maloloina. [57]. O nei sailiga e fautua mai ai o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau oona e mafai ona iloga mai i le le lelei o le tuʻuina atu o mea e uaʻi atu i galuega e talafeagai i le malamalama o faʻamatalaga (e le o ni fualaʻau faʻatulagaina) faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaleleia atili o le faʻaituau i faʻailoilo o fualaʻau. O le faʻaititia o le P300 amplitude e ono avea foʻi ma faʻailoga o le endophenotypic mo le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau. O suʻesuʻega o gaioiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma gaioiga e faʻatatau i le faʻaosofia o le cocaine ma le heroin faʻaaliga sili atu lipoti le masani ai i le tuai o vaega o le ERP (> 300 milliseconds; tuai lelei gafatia, LPP) i luma o itulagi, lea e mafai foi ona atagia mai ai le manaʻo ma le vaʻai faʻasoa. [58]-[60]. O le LPP ua talitonuina e atagia mai ai le vave faʻapitoa (400 i le 1000 msec) ma mulimuli ane faʻaauau le gaioiga o faʻamalositino faaosofia. O mataupu e faʻaaogaina ai le cocaine na faʻaeʻe maualuga ai le LPP faʻatusatusa i fomaʻi soifua maloloina e faʻamaonia ai le taua o le vave gauai atu ma le totoa ma le faʻaogaina o tali i lagona faʻaleleia lelei. Ae ui i lea, o le tuai o le LPP faiga e le ese tele mai i latou i volenitia soifua maloloina [61]. O le afi eletise o le P300 e aʻafia ai le gaioiga mo tali e aʻafia ai le faʻatinoga e talitonuina o le paietal cortex ma le cingulate [62]. O le mea lea, o gaioiga uma a le dACC i le suʻesuʻega a le CSB o loʻo iai nei ma le P300 gaioiga na lipotia i se suʻesuʻega muamua a le CSB e mafai ona atagia ai faiga faʻavae tutusa o le puʻeina. E faapena foi, o suʻesuʻega uma e lua o loʻo faʻaalia ai se faʻasalalauga i le va o nei fua faʻatasi ma le faʻalauteleina o le manaʻoga. O iinei matou te fautua atu ai o le gaoioiga a le dACC e fesoʻotaʻi ma le manaʻoga, lea e ono atagia mai ai se faʻailoga o le tuʻinanau, ae e le faʻatasi ma le fiafia e faʻaalia i luga o se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamalosi-faʻaalia o vaisu.
O su'esu'ega o lo'o i ai nei o lo'o fa'ailoa mai ai a'afiaga o le matua i le fa'agaioiina o fa'ailoga tau feusua'iga. O le fa'atupuina o mea efuefu pito i luma o lo'o a'afia i pulega fa'apitoa e fa'aauau pea i le talavou i le ogatotonu o le 20 s [63]. O le faʻaleleia atili o le lamatiaga o tupulaga talavou e mafai ona atagia mai ai le atinaʻeina muamua o le faʻaosofiaina o le limbic faʻaosofia ma le faʻasologa o taui e faʻatatau i le faʻatuai o le atinaʻeina o faiga faʻatonutonu pito i luma o loʻo aʻafia i le mataʻituina poʻo le taofiofia o amioga. [31], [64], [65]. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, ua faʻaalia e le tupulaga talavou le tele o gaioiga faʻafefeteina e faʻatatau i le gaioiga o le cortical muamua i le taimi o le gaioiga o taui pe a faʻatusatusa i tagata matutua. [65]. O iinei tatou te matauina ai i mataupu uma, o le matua talavou e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o gaioiga ventral striatal i faʻamatalaga faʻafeusuaiga. O lenei aafiaga i le ventral striatal gaioiga e foliga mai e sili ona malosi i mataupu CSB, e fautua mai ai se tulaga gafatia o le matua i luga o tali i feusuaiga i le lautele ma i le CSB faapitoa.
E tusa ai ma tusitusiga i luga o le faiʻai gaioiga i volenitia soifua maloloina e faʻaalia faʻamaʻi faʻafeusuaiga faʻamalosia itulagi, matou te faʻaalia se fesoʻotaʻiga tutusa e aofia ai le occipito-temporal ma parietal cortices, insula, cingulate ma orbitofrontal ma pito i lalo pito i luma cortices, pre-central gyrus, caudate, ventral. striatum, pallidum, amygdala, substantia nigra ma le hypothalamus [13]-[19]. Ole umi ole taimi ole fa'aogaina o mea i luga ole laiga i luga ole laiga i tane soifua maloloina ua fa'aalia e fa'amaopoopo ma le agavale agavale gaioiga fa'apuupuu ata manino e ta'u mai ai se tulaga fa'aletonu ole fa'aletonu. [23]. I se faʻatusatusaga, o lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei o loʻo taulaʻi atu i se vaega faʻamaʻi faʻatasi ma le CSB o loʻo faʻaalia i le faigata i le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina e fesoʻotaʻi ma aʻafiaga leaga. E le gata i lea, o lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei e faʻaogaina ata vitio pe a faʻatusatusa i ata pupuu. I volenitia soifua maloloina, matamata i ata mataga fa'atusa pe a fa'atusatusa i vitiō e sili atu ona fa'atapula'aina le fa'agaoioiga mamanu e aofia ai le hippocampus, amygdala ma pito i tua faaletino ma parietal cortices. [20] fa'ailoa mai le eseesega o neural i le va o ata pu'upu'u ma ata umi o lo'o fa'aaogaina i lenei su'esu'ega. E le gata i lea, o faʻafitauli o mea ua fai ma vaisu e pei o le faʻaaogaina o le cocaine ua faʻaalia foi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalauteleina o le faʻaituau ae o tagata faʻafiafia cocaine e leʻi faʻaalia le faʻalauteleina o le faʻaituau. [66] sfa'aleaogaina le eseesega i le va o fa'afiafiaga ma tagata fa'alagolago. E pei o lea, o eseesega i le va o suʻesuʻega e mafai ona atagia ai le eseesega i le faitau aofaʻi poʻo le galuega. O la matou suʻesuʻega o loʻo fautua mai ai o tali a le faiʻai i mea faʻapitoa i luga ole laiga atonu e eseese i le va o mataupu ma le CSB pe a faʻatusatusa i tagata soifua maloloina atonu o loʻo faʻaaogaina faʻamatalaga manino i luga ole laiga ae aunoa ma le leiloa o le pulea poʻo le fegalegaleai ma aʻafiaga leaga.
O le suʻesuʻega o loʻo iai nei e tele tapulaa. Tulaga tasi, o le suʻesuʻega e aofia ai naʻo mataupu tau tane faʻafeusuaiga, ma suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona suʻesuʻeina tagata taʻitoʻatasi o feusuaʻiga eseese ma tamaʻitaʻi, aemaise lava o teineiti e iai popolega ile mafaufau e ono faʻaalia le maualuga ole CSB. [67]. Lona lua, e ui lava o mataupu a le CSB i le suʻesuʻega na ausia tulaga faʻapitoa mo suʻesuʻega ma faʻaalia le faʻaleagaina o galuega e fesoʻotaʻi ma feusuaiga e faʻaaoga ai le tele o fua faʻamaonia, o loʻo i ai nei e leai ni faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamaonia aloaia mo le CSB ma o lea e faʻaalia ai se tapulaʻa mo le malamalama i suʻesuʻega ma tuʻuina i totonu o le tele. tusitusiga. Tulaga tolu, ona o le uiga fa'alava o le su'esu'ega, e le mafai ona faia ni fa'amatalaga e uiga i mafua'aga. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona suʻesuʻeina le tele o le faʻaogaina o neural i faʻamatalaga tau feusuaiga e mafai ona faʻaalia ai tulaga lamatia e faʻaalia ai le faʻalauteleina o le faʻafitauli pe o le faʻaalia faifaipea, atonu e aʻafia i le laʻititi o tausaga ma le tele o le faʻaalia i mea tau feusuaʻiga, e ono taʻitaʻia ai le neural mamanu o loʻo matauina i le CSB. O isi su'esu'ega o se natura fa'amoemoe po'o i latou o lo'o taula'i atu i tagata o le aiga e le'i a'afia e fa'amaonia. E mafai fo'i ona fa'atapula'aina su'esu'ega ole fa'atapula'aina o tausaga ole su'esu'ega. Tulaga fa, O la matou su'esu'ega na fa'atatau i le fa'aogaina fa'amalosi o mea i luga ole laiga fa'atasi ai ma le masturbation fa'atasi ma fa'aitiitia le fa'aogaina ole cybersex po'o le fa'aogaina o au'aunaga fa'aui. Talu ai o nei mataupu na faʻafaigaluegaina mai faʻasalalauga i luga ole laiga ma faʻasologa o togafitiga, pe latou te faʻatusaina atoatoa mataupu ile faʻasologa o togafitiga e le o manino. O se suʻesuʻega o le 207 suʻesuʻega CSB mataupu na faʻaaogaina i le DSM-5 faʻataʻitaʻiga mo le suʻesuʻeina o le maʻi faʻafeusuaiga faʻapitoa e faʻapea foi ona matauina amioga sili ona masani o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi (81.1%), masturbation (78.3%), cybersex (18.1%) ma feusuaiga. fa'atasi ai ma tagata matutua ua ioeina (44.9%) [33] fa'ailoa mai mea e tutusa ai lo tatou faitau aofa'i ma lenei faitau aofa'i o mataupu ua lipotia. Ae ui i lea, o suʻesuʻega o loʻo taulaʻi i se togafitiga e sailia ai le faitau aofaʻi e mafai ona atagia ai le ogaoga o faʻamaoniga. Na matou fa'aogaina se vaega o su'esu'ega tului nai lo le fa'aogaina o le fai'ai atoa. O le mea lea, o le faʻataʻitaʻiga laʻititi ma le leai o se faiʻai atoa faʻasaʻo auala o se tapulaʻa. Ae ui i lea, ona o lo tatou malosi muamua manatu faʻavae i luga o faʻamatalaga meta-analytic o loʻo maua mai suʻesuʻega faʻaalia, na matou lagona le faʻasaʻoina o se vaega o suʻesuʻega tului a le aiga mo le tele o faʻatusatusaga, o se auala e masani ona faʻaaogaina i suʻesuʻega ata. [68], o se auala talafeagai.
O suʻesuʻega o loʻo iai nei ma o loʻo i ai nei o loʻo fautua mai ai o loʻo i ai se fesoʻotaʻiga masani mo le faʻaalia o feusuaiga ma le faʻaogaina o fualaau faʻasaina i vaega faʻatasi ma le CSB ma vaisu o fualaau faasaina, i le faasologa. O nei suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai le faʻaogaina o fesoʻotaʻiga o loʻo aʻafia ai faʻafitauli o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau ma taui masani. E ui o lenei suʻesuʻega e ono fautua mai ai le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau faʻaogaina, e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa e iloa ai pe tatau ona faʻavasegaina le CSB o se maʻi faʻamalosi, i totonu o se fusi faʻamalosi-faʻamalosi poʻo se vaisu amio. E mana'omia ni su'esu'ega fa'ama'i fa'ama'i tele-centre fa'atasi ai ma le tulitatao umi e iloilo ai le tele o taimi ole CSB ma ona taunu'uga umi. E manaʻomia suʻesuʻega faʻamaʻi i le va o le CSB ma faʻafitauli o le impulsivity, faʻamalosi ma vaisu. E faʻapea foʻi, o faʻatusatusaga sili atu i luga ole neurocognitive ma neurophysiological profiles i faʻafitauli o le a fesoasoani i le malamalama atili i le physiology ma neural networks o loʻo faʻavaeina nei faʻafitauli. Matou te faʻamamafa atu foi o nei suʻesuʻega e talafeagai aemaise lava i le vaega laiti o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo atiaʻe faʻafitauli i le faʻaaogaina faʻamalosi o mea faʻafeusuaiga i luga ole laiga ma e foliga mai e le o atagia ai le faitau aofaʻi o le faitau aofaʻi o loʻo faʻaogaina ia mea i ni uiga le faʻaleagaina. O suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai se aafiaga o le matua i luga o le faʻaleleia atili o le gaioiga o le limbic i taui tau feusuaiga, aemaise lava i le vaega CSB. Ona o le siʻitaga talu ai nei i le faʻaogaina o le Initaneti, e aofia ai i le va o tagata talavou, ma le avanoa avanoa i luga o le initaneti mea faʻafeusuaiga, suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e taulaʻi i le faʻamalamalamaina o tulaga lamatia mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi (aemaise lava le autalavou) e lamatia mo le atinaʻeina o le CSB e faʻamaonia.
Lagolagoina o Faamatalaga
Fa'amatalaga lagolago.
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0102419.s001
(DOCX)
tautinoga
Matou te fia faʻafetai i tagata uma na auai i le suʻesuʻega ma le aufaigaluega i le Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre. Dr. Voon ose Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellow. Auala 4 sa auai i le fesoasoani i le faafaigaluegaina e ala i le tuʻuina o faʻasalalauga faʻainitaneti mo le suʻesuʻega.
Tusitala Tusitala
Fa'ata'ita'iina ma mamanuina fa'ata'ita'iga: VV. Faia su'ega: VV TBM PB LP SM TRL JK MI. Iloiloina o faʻamaumauga: VV TBM PB LP LM SM TRL JK NAH MNP MI. Tusia le pepa: VV TBM PB LP LM SM TRL JK NAH MNP MI.
mau faasino
mau faasino
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