Manatu Faʻatatau i Faʻafitauli tau Ponokalafi Faʻatonu ona o le le ola mama aʻiaʻi ma Faʻavae o le Faʻatamaʻi pe Faʻamalosi le Faʻaaogaina o Ponokalafi: O Lua "Tuutuuga" e pei o le Tulaga Eseʻese E pei ona Fautuaina? (Suʻesuʻega o le Grubbs amio le talafeagai faʻataʻitaʻiga)

Faʻamatalaga o amioga tau feusuaiga

, Volume 48, Mataupu 2, pp 417-423 |

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-018-1293-5

Matthias Brand, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann, Marc N. Potenza

faʻatomuaga

O le Faʻatulagaina o le Mataupu e Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, ma Reid (2018) talanoa i se mataupu taua ma le talafeagai e uiga i faafitauli e ono aafia ai tagata taitoatasi e faatatau i ponokalafi. Grubbs et al. finau e iai tagata taʻitoʻatasi o latou faʻaalia e pei o mea ua fai ma vaisu i ponokalafi e aunoa ma le faʻaaogaina tatau o le faʻataʻitaʻiga. Grubbs et al. Fautuaina se ata faataitai o faafitauli tau ponokalafi ona o le amio le mama (PPMI) lea e mafai ona fesoasoani i le faauigaina o ata o vaisu vaisu, faatasi ai ma se taulaiga faapitoa i le auala e le lautele ai le ola mama, o le aafiaga i gaoioiga e solia ai uiga taua o amioga lelei-e mafai ona taitaiina i faafitauli e maua e le tagata lava ia e mafua mai ponokalafi. "

O le faʻataʻitaʻiga i luga ole PPMI e aoga le mafaufau iai. Le numera e aotele ai le faʻataʻitaʻiga (vaʻai le Fig.1 i Grubbs et al., 2018) aofia ai le "faʻanoanoa" o le autu faʻalagolago fesuiaʻiga, eseʻesega tolu eseʻese tulaga: intrapersonal / mafaufau faʻafitauli mafatiaga, vavalalata tagata / faʻalagolago faʻafitauli, ma faʻalelotu / faʻafitauli agaga. O faiga fautuaina e mafua ai le mafatiaga e aofia ai ala autu e lua: Ala 1, lea e taua o "ponokalafi faʻafitauli ona o le faʻaleagaina" ma le Pathway 2, lea e taʻua o "ponokalafi faʻafitauli ona o le le ola aʻiaʻi." Grubbs ma isi. Faʻailoa mai o le Pathway 1, o loʻo atagia mai ai auala o atinaʻe ma le faʻamautuina o se tagofia o vaisu o ponokalafi, e le o le autu taulaʻiga lea o le faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalauiloaina ma, nai lo lena, latou faʻatusaina i isi faʻapitoa ituaiga (eg, o le I-PACE faʻataʻitaʻiga) (Brand , Young, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016b). Ae ui i lea, Grubbs et al. na filifili e aofia ai lenei Pathway 1 i la latou faʻataʻitaʻiga, ma o lenei auala e aofia ai le tele o vaega o le faʻaaogaina o mea faʻafefiloi poʻo le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi. O nisi vaega o lenei auala e fesootaʻi atu i faiga o le PPMI, mo se faataitaiga, o le "dysregulation" ma le "amio le mama" e tatau ona aafia ai "faafitauli e aafia ai ponokalafi," lea e iu ai i le atuatuvale.

Matou te finau e faapea o lenei auala-ia aofia ai se ala i luga o le dysregulated faʻaaoga ma faʻafesoʻotaʻi lenei ala i le auala PPMI-ua le atoatoa le mafaufauina e Grubbs et al. (2018). I la tatou vaaiga, e sili atu le lelei o le faʻamatalaga atili i luga o fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o elemene autu o auala e lua ma le malamalama atili i faʻamatalaga, aemaise lava i isi vaega e le o faʻatalanoaina atoa i le tusiga, e tusa ai, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, mafuaʻaga mo le faʻasao ma toilalo o le pulea e le tagata o ia lava i ia faatulagaga. E le gata i lea, Grubbs et al. mafai ona tuʻuina le faʻataʻitaʻiga i totonu o faʻataʻatiaga o mamanu o loʻo i ai nei o matamataga ponokalafi ma isi amioga faʻafefete i totonu o faʻalapotopotoga faʻalelotu.

Faʻamatalaga i le auala 1 o le Faʻataʻitaʻiga: Dysregulated Ponokalafi Faaaoga

O le ala muamua i le faʻataʻitaʻiga o se faʻataʻitaʻiga faigofie o auala e aofia i le atinaʻe ma le tausiga o mea Grubbs et al. faʻamatalaina e faʻaaogaina mea faʻafefete pe faʻaaogaina ata ponokalafi. O lenei auala, i lona tulaga o loʻo i ai nei, e aofia ai faʻataʻitaʻiga a tagata taʻitoʻatasi o eseesega (faʻataʻitaʻiga, le mautonu, sailia o lagona, faʻaletonu o le faʻaaogaina), e pei o mea e mafua ai le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi faʻataʻitaʻiina e mulimuli i le dysregulation. O le ata o loʻo fautua mai ai o le amioga o le dysregulated e taʻitaʻia ai i le mafatiaga, i se tulaga tuusao ma le le tuusao, i luga o faafitauli e aʻafia ai ponokalafi. Ae ui i lea, o mea autu e fesoʻotai ma le faʻamalamalamaina o faʻamalosikalafi faʻaaogaina ua na o le taʻuina ma le le atoatoa e Grubbs et al. (2018). E ui o lenei auala e le o le taulaiga o le faataitaiga, semanu e manuia mai le aofia ai o nisi faʻamatalaga e uiga i le atinaʻeina o le faʻaaogaina o ata o ponokalafi ina ia mafai ona sili atu le iloa (poʻo le fesoʻotaʻi) auala e lua.

E tele suʻesuʻega ua maeʻa faʻamamafaina o loʻo iai ni faʻaopopo tagata taʻitasi uiga e ono faʻalauiloaina le atinaʻeina o le tagofia o ponokalafi faʻafitauli. O faʻataʻitaʻiga iloga e aofia ai le fiafia i feusuaiga ma le faʻaosofia (Laier & Brand, 2014; Lu, Ma, Lee, Hou, & Liao, 2014; Stark et al., 2017), aga fesoʻotaʻiga lautele (Whang, Lee, & Chang, 2003; Yoder, Virden, & Amin, 2005), ma le mafaufau faʻapitoa (Kor et al., 2014; Schiebener, Laier, & Brand, 2015; Whang et al., 2003). O nei uiga e ono le i ai se tuusaʻo aʻafiaga luga o auga faigata o le tagofia o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina, ae o faʻatonuga e faʻatonuina ma / pe faʻatalanoa e ala i aafiaga ma mafaufauga lelei i fafo atu o totonu faʻaosofiaina ma pulega (taofiofi taofi) gaioiga mafua ai le filifiliga e faʻaaoga ponokalafi ( Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017; Anetone & Brand, 2018; Brand et al., 2016b; Schiebener et al., 2015; Snagowski & Brand, 2015). Totonugalemu o vaisu ponokalafi faʻaaogaina o le faʻaaogaina-tali mai ma manaʻoga tali (eg, Antons & Brand, 2018; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016a; Gola et al., 2017; Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Snagowski, Wegmann, Pekal, Laier, & Brand, 2015; Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015). Ua finauina e faapea o le faamalieina i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi e faʻamalosia-ona o le faʻatulagaina o faiga faʻapitoa (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Snagowski, Laier, Duka, & Brand, 2016) - o tali e afaina ai i luga o ponokalafi, e mafua ai ona faʻaaoga pea ponokalafi (cf Brand et al., 2016b). O suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻaalia ai o le faʻaaogaina o le faiʻai, aemaise lava i latou e aofia ai le telefoni, e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faateleina o le manaʻoga ma isi faʻamaoniga o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi faʻaaoga (Brand et al., 2016a; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017).

I la latou faʻataʻitaʻiga, Grubbs et al. (2018) e ono mafai ona faʻaaogaina le manatu lauiloa i lalo o le faaupuga faʻasologa o lagona. Ae ui i lea, o le naunau tele e sili atu nai lo na o lagona o le mafaufau, talu ai o lona uiga o lagona, faaosofiaga, ma le physiological tali atu i fualaau o mea ua fai ma vaisu (Carter et al., 2009; Carter & Tiffany, 1999; Tiffany, Carter, & Singleton, 2000) e mafua ai uma auala ma 'aloʻese mai tuinanau (Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999; Robinson & Berridge, 2000). Le talafeagai ole suʻesuʻeina o manaʻoga gaioiga e faʻatatau i mea na maua e le Cyber ​​Ponokalafi Faʻaaoga Inventory-9 (CPUI-9) (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015b) ua maitauina, aemaise o sailiiliga e faʻatatau i le faʻamalosia o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi (e pei ona faʻagaioia e le "lagona faʻamalosia" itu o le CPUI-9) foliga maaleale i uma faʻaosofia e aloese mai ponokalafi ma le tele o taimi e faʻaaoga ai pe a taumafai e aloese (Fernandez, Tee, & Fernandez, 2017).

O le vaega o le "maualalo o le pulea e le tagata lava ia" i le faataitaiga mai Grubbs et al. (2018) atonu e aofia ai poʻo le faʻaaogaina o le faʻaititia o galuega a le pulega ma le pulea o le inhibitory, e pei o le inhibitors of responses (Bechara, 2005), lea e faʻafaigofie atili ai le faʻaitiitia o le puleaina o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi. O le le aoga o auala e faʻatonutonu ai, e pei o le faʻagaioiga o galuega, pe a fetaiaʻi ma ata ponokalafi ma faʻafetaiaʻia ma mafatiaga, na maua ai e sili atu le mativa i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma aga masani i le tagofia o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina (Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, & Brand, 2014a; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014b). O le faʻaaogaina o faʻaaogaina ponokalafi e mafai ona mafua mai i le faʻaleleia atili o le tali atu i faʻamatalaga mataga ma le manaʻoga faʻapitoa e pei o le faʻaitiitia o le pulea o masini e faʻaalia e uiga taʻitasi e pei o le maualuga o le faʻafeusuaiga, tuulafoaiina, ma le mafaufau (Brand et al., 2016b; Stark et al., 2017), ma le le mautonu (Antons & Brand, 2018; Romer Thomsen et al., 2018; Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, & Billieux, 2018). I le faʻataʻitaʻiga a Grubbs et al., O nei faʻalavelave faʻalavelave e faʻatapulaʻa i se tasi o vaega e faʻamatalaina manino ai nisi o nei vaega. Ae peitai, o le faʻaalia o le lavelave o le auala 1 o le a aoga i le faʻamalamalamaina tonu i le va o le faʻaioioio o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi ma faafitauli i le lautele, tusa lava po o le a mafua ona o le faʻaleagaina o amioga ma / poʻo le tagofia o mea e fai ma vaisu pe faʻaaogaina.

Faʻamatalaga i luga ole auala 2 o le Faʻataʻitaʻiga: Faʻafitauli Faʻapitoa e fesootaʻi ma ponokalafi Faʻaaoga ona o le Amio Lelei

Faʻavae i suʻesuʻega talu ai, Grubbs et al. (2018) faʻamaonia le fegalegaleaiga o le tele o manatu e fesoʻotaʻi atu i le PPMI. E ui o loʻo maua i luga o suʻesuʻega na faʻasalalau talu ai nei, latou te mafatia i manatu e uiga i le "mafaufauina o mea ua fai ma vaisu" ma e ono faia i se vaega le faia o se dichotomy sese e faavae i luga o auala e fausia ai ma le fua, ma e faavae i luga o se numera itiiti o faatapulaa tapulaa faia i le aso.

Grubbs et al. (2018) finau o le lotu o le muamua muamua vaʻaia o le tagata lava ia na matamata i ponokalafi faʻafitauli ma lagona o le faʻanoanoa i le Ala 2. Faʻamasino mai aū, Grubbs et al. foliga mai e fautua mai se (a itiiti mai vaega) faʻatonu aafiaga mai lotu i faʻafitauli lava ia. I se faʻaopopoga, Grubbs et al. aofia ai se aū mai le faʻalelotu ona o le le fiafia i amioga le mama o ponokalafi ma le soʻona faʻaaoga o ponokalafi i le le ola mama ona oʻo ai lea ia te oe lava ia o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻafitauli ma lagona o mafatiaga (vaʻai le Fig.1 i Grubbs et al., 2018). O lenei mea e foliga mai o se vaega o le aufaasesega mai le lotu i faafitauli e aafia ai ponokalafi ma faafitauli o lagona mafatia ma le aufaasalalauga e ono le taliaina le amio, faaaogaina o ponokalafi, ma le amio le mama. I lenei tulaga, o le a sili ona manaia le vaai po o fea nisi mea e mafai ona fesoasoani i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi talu mai le faʻalelotu ma amio faʻaleagaina e faʻaitiitia ai lona faʻaaogaina tatau. I se isi faaupuga: Aisea e faʻaaogaina ai e tagata tagata faʻamaonia amioga mama i ponokalafi, e ui o le faʻaaoga e solia ai o latou tulaga taua?

O se tasi o manatu taua e tatau ona taua, o suesuega na aofia ai i le tolu-sailiiliga na suʻesuʻeina ai le toʻatele o tagata Kerisiano. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i le suʻesuʻega a Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, ma Carlisle (2015a), 59% o tagata auai na avea ma Kerisiano (36% Protestant poʻo Evangelical Christians, 23% Kerisiano Katoliko), e tuʻuina atu le fesili pe afai o le faʻataʻitaʻiga ua fuafua lelei mo se vaega o tagata faʻalelotu. E le gata i lea, e tusa ma le tasi-tolu (32%) o tagata auai i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga e le faʻamalosia faʻalelotu e aofia ai le atheist ma agnostics. O lenei mea e tuʻuina atu ai pe faapefea ona faʻaaogaina le Pathway 2 o le faʻataʻitaʻiga i luga o le PPMI mo tagata lē lolotu pe afai o le lotu o le muaʻi vaʻai. O loʻo i ai isi fefaʻatauaʻiga i le va o uiga o le tagata ma le faʻalelotu e ono aʻafia i le feagai ai ma le faʻalavelave e fesootaʻi ma ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina lea e mafai ona fesootaʻi atu i faʻamatalaga ponokalafi. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i totonu o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo i ai ni faʻasalalauga e le o ni faʻafeusuaiga (a itiiti ifo 10% o tagata auai i Grubbs et al., 2015a), e ono iai feteʻenaʻiga i le va o le tagata lotu ma le fiafia i feusuaiga / fiafia (lea e ono solia ai talitonuga faʻalelotu), ma ia feteʻenaʻiga e ono aʻafia ai lagona o le faʻanoanoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻaaogaina o ia ponokalafi (eg, non-heterosexual mataupu). O ia fegalegaleaiga ono mafai ona taua e mafaufau iai pe a suʻesuʻeina aʻafiaga o le lotu ile PPMI. E faʻapena foi, ma ponokalafi o loʻo iai nei e masani ona faʻaalia sauaga agaʻi i fafine ma i ai le fiafia i mataupu o le toso teine ​​ma le mataifale (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010; O'Neil, 2018), pe a tatau ona mafaufau i nei mataupu pe a suʻesuʻeina le amio le mama? Ae paga lea, o na faaosofiaga ma tusi ponokalafi-e aofia ai mea e aʻafia ai e le o aofia ai ma le manino i le auala / faataitaiga. Matou te finau o mea e taʻitaʻia ai ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina e ui lava i le faʻaleagaina o uiga lelei ma / pe faʻalelotu e ono sili atu ona faigata ma faʻaalia nai lo le tuʻuina mai.

O isi mea e faʻamaonia ai le iloiloga e mafai ona aofia ai faʻamatalaga faʻasalalau ma uiga taʻitasi. O faʻataʻitaʻiga o mea faʻapitoa e ala i le aufaasālalau, lea na aoteleina e Grubbs et al. (2018), e mafai ona gafatia, faʻamaonia, ma le faʻaogaina (o le masini tolu A) e pei ona fautuaina mai e Cooper (1998), ma le matauina o ponokalafi i luga o Initaneti ua ofoina atu le avanoa e sosola ese mai le moni, e pei ona fautuaina i le ACE-model by Young (2008). Faʻamaumauga e taʻitaʻia ai ponokalafi, e ui lava o le faʻaaoga e solia ai tulaga taua o le amio, e mafai foi ona taoto i uiga taʻitasi, e pei o le faʻafeusuaiga masani (Stark et al., 2017). O mea na tutupu i aso ua mavae e fesootaʻi ma le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, fiafiaga faʻapitoa ma le faamalieina o feusuaiga) (cf Brand et al., 2016b), mafai foi faʻateleina le ono mafai o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi (faʻaauau), pe a fai o feusuaʻiga amioga e masani ona faʻamalosia (faʻafanua Georgiadis & Kringelbach, 2012).

O lo tatou manatu autu o le tele o fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o auala e lua e taua le mafaufau. E taua tele lenei mea talu mai Grubbs et al. (2018) finau o loo latou taumafai e saofagā i le "faʻamatalaina o tusitusiga o vaisu vaisu." I le faʻaopoopoga, Grubbs et al. Fai mai: "E sili atu, pe a tatou iloiloina i lalo, o le mafaufau ua avea ma vaisu (e pei ona iloiloina i tusitusiga muamua) e masani lava ona galue e fai ma sui mo manatu lautele lautele e uiga i ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina e avea ma faʻafitauli ona o lagona o le faʻaleagaina o amio."

Matou te malilie faatasi ma le "mafaufauina o mea ua fai ma vaisu" e le o le taimi sili ona lelei ma atonu e sili ona faigata. O le faʻaaogaina o le CPUI-9 aofaʻi atoa e faʻamalamalama ai "mafaufauga ua fai ma vaisu" e foliga mai e le talafeagai ona o le tolu vaega ole suʻeina o vaega eseese o mea ua fai ma vaisu. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le manaʻoga e le lava le mafaufau (silasila i luga), e leʻo faʻamalamalamaina le tagofia o vaisu e ala i le tele / taimi ole taimi (e ono fesuisuiai lautele le faʻaaogaina o mea; et al., 2017), ma le tele o isi itu talafeagai i mea ua fai ma vaisu e le o lelei le iloiloina (faataitaiga, faʻalavelave i sootaga, galuega, aʻoga). O le tele o fesili CPUI-9, e pei o mea e fesootaʻi atu i le faʻalavelave faʻalagona ma maua mai i fuataga e fesoʻotaʻi ma talitonuga faʻaleagaga / faʻalelotu, e le faʻamaʻoina lelei ma isi faʻasalaga CPUI-9 e sili atu ona fesoʻotaʻi faʻatasi ma le faʻamalosi ma le avanoa (Grubbs et al. , 2015a). Mo lenei mafuaʻaga, o nisi tagata suʻesuʻe (eg, Fernandez et al., 2017) ua taʻua, "oa matou sailiga na masalosalo ai i le talafeagai o le Lafoga o le Faanofoloina o lagona o se vaega o le CPUI-9," ae maise lava o le Emotional Distress vaega e le o faaalia ai se sootaga i le tele o ponokalafi e faaaoga. E le gata i lea, o le aofia ai o nei mea i se fua o loʻo faʻamatalaina ai le "mafaufauga ua tupu" atonu o le a maua ai ni suʻesuʻega e faʻaitiitia ai le saofaga mai le faʻaaogaina o le malosi ma faʻaaogaina le saofaga o le faʻaleagaina o amioga mama (Grubbs et al., 2015a). E ui e mafai e nei faʻamatalaga ona tuʻuina atu le lagolago mo le tuʻueseeseina o nei mea mai isi i le fua (atonu e lagolagoina le mamanu faʻatulagaina), o mea e taulai atu i le lagona o maʻi, faʻalumaina, pe atuatuvale pe a matamata i ponokalafi. O nei lagona leaga e na o se vaega talafeagai o taunuuga le lelei e faatatau i le faaaogaina o le Initoneti, ma mea e le taumateina e fesootai atu i vaega patino o talitonuga faalelotu faapitoa. O le faʻaaogaina o le faʻaaogaina o vaisu ma le PPMI, e taua tele le mafaufau e le gata i le PPMI, ae mafai foi ona faia fegalegaleaiga i le va o togafitiga poʻo le faʻaaogaina o le dysregulated ma i latou e saofagā i le PPMI ina ia malamalama lelei i tulaga e lua ma pe o latou, ese. Grubbs et al. (2018) finau (i le vaega: "O le a le auala lona tolu?") atonu e ono i ai se ala faaopoopo o faafitauli e fesootaʻi ma ponokalafi faʻaaogaina, lea e mafai ona avea o le tuufaatasiga o le "faʻamaumauga faʻamaoni" ma le PPMI i le taimi e tasi. Matou te finau faapea o se tuufaatasiga o auala uma atonu e le o se tolu, ae o se masini e faavae i "faafitauli uma" e lua i ponokalafi. I nisi faaupuga, tatou te manatu o nisi o mea e fai ma vaisu ma mea e faaosofia ai e mafai ona faagaoioia i luga o le PPMI ma le "faaaogaina o le dysregulated." O nei mea tutusa e mafai ona i ai e tusa lava pe eseese le taimi e faaaluina ai le matamata i ponokalafi e tusa ai ma le faatupuina o le faanoanoa po o le faaletonu i PPMI ma " "I" tulaga uma e lua, "o ponokalafi e sili atu nai lo le mea na faamoemoeina, lea e ono tupu ai ni taunuuga le lelei ma mafatiaga, ma o loo faaaogaina pea ponokalafi e ui i taunuuga le lelei. O le faʻaaogaina o mafaufauga e faʻavaeina ai le faʻaaogaina atonu e tutusa, ma o nei mea e tatau ona suʻesuʻeina atili auiliiliga.

Faʻamatalaga e uiga i Fesootaiga Vavalalata i le va o auala e lua nai lo le fautuaina o se ala lona tolu

E tele fesili taua e tumau: O le a le natura o le PPMI e tusa ai ma faiga faʻavae mafaufau? O tagata e lipotia le PPMI o loʻo i ai le lagona o le faʻaitiitia o le puleaina oa latou (laiti pe faʻaaogaina) ponokalafi? Pe latou te lagona e faigata ona teena le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi? Pe latou te aafia i se feeseeseaiga i le va o se uunaiga maualuga e faʻaaoga ai ponokalafi i le isi lima ma le taimi e tasi o se lagona e faʻatagaina ai ponokalafi ona o tulaga taua i le isi lima? E taua le malamalama lelei i le natura o le manaʻoga ma le faʻaosofia e faʻaaoga ponokalafi (Brand et al., 2011; Kamuta, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2010; Stark et al., 2015, 2017) i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma PPMI. O le manaʻoga ma le faʻaosofia o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina, o le malosi o aʻafiaga ma mafaufauga aʻo faʻaaoga ponokalafi - eg, i le tulaga o le faʻaosofia o le agavaʻa faʻatonutonu ma lua faʻagasologa o talitonuga o vaisu (Everitt & Robbins, 2016; Robinson & Berridge, 2000) -Ma o le mea lea o faʻafitauli masani e faʻatonutonu ai le faʻaaogaina, e mafai ona tutusa i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le PPMI ma i latou e faʻaleagaina / fai ma vaisu. I lenei tulaga, o se mataupu taua o le manaʻo (vaʻai luga). E i ai ni tagata lipotia PPMI maua le manaʻo ma le manaʻo e faʻaaoga ponokalafi i o latou olaga i aso uma? O latou naunautaʻi i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi? Latou te masani ona mafaufau e uiga i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi pe e uiga pe latou te solia a latou tulaga taua pe a faʻaaogaina ponokalafi? E i ai ni o latou lagona le lelei pe a latou le maua le avanoa e faʻaoga ai ponokalafi? O nei fesili e tatau ona talanoaina i lumanaʻi suʻesuʻega i luga o le PPMI ina ia mafai ai ona malamalama lelei i le amio masani o lenei mea mataʻutia. E le gata i lea, o se mataupu manaia e faʻailoa ai le eseesega i le va o le PPMI ma le avea ma vaisu o ponokalafi o le a avea ma ponokalafi-faʻaaoga-fesoʻotaʻiga faʻamoemoeina, e pei ona faʻaalia mo isi ituaiga o Initaneti-faʻaogaina le atoatoa, amio faʻafitauli, ma vailaʻau-faʻaaoga le lelei (Borges, Lejuez, & Felton, 2018; Taymur et al., 2016; Wegmann, Oberst, Stodt, & Brand, 2017; Xu, Turel, & Yuan, 2012). Faʻamata o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e talitonu ile PPMI latou te faʻaaogaina ponokalafi ina ia mafai ai ona aloese mai le le lelei o le mafaufau pe faʻafetaiaʻia ai le popolevale i aso uma? Latou te faamoemoeina se malosi faamalieina (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004) e le mafai ona ausia e se isi gaioiga? E i ai ni tulaga faʻapitoa e latou te lagona ai le faigata ona puleaina a latou ponokalafi faʻaaogaina (Kraus, Rosenberg, Martino, Nich, & Potenza, 2017) e tusa lava pe o se solia o tulaga taua?

O fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapitoa i le va o auala e lua o le a sili ona manaia ma mafai ona musuia ai suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi. E mafai e tagata sailiili ona faʻasalalauina mea faʻapitoa e faʻaalia ai nisi tagata latou te manatu ia i latou lava ua avea ma vaisu i ponokalafi po o le i ai o PPMI, e tusa lava pe mafai ona eseese i ponokalafi-faʻaaoga le tele poʻo taimi.

O fesoʻotaʻiga mafai i le va o auala e lua e mafai ona:

  • Feteenaʻiga i le va o le naunau ma le ola mama pe a feagai ma ponokalafi e aʻafia ai

  • Feteenaʻiga i le va o faiga faʻapitoa faʻamalosia-pulea ma le naunau

  • Feteenaiga i le va o manaoga e faʻaaoga ai ponokalafi ma tulaga taua o le ola mama

  • Feteenaʻiga i le va o faiga faʻalelei ma faʻatulagaga faʻapipiʻi-pulea

  • Feteenaʻiga i le va o le faia o faaiuga e tusa ai ma taui pupuu (faamalieina ona o ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina) ma aʻafiaga i taimi uumi e tusa ai ma tulaga faatauaina lelei

  • O lagona o le maasiasi ma le taʻusalaina pe a uma ona faʻaaogaina ponokalafi, lea e ono mafua ai le le fiafia o lagona ma e ono faateleina le ono mafai ona toe faʻaaogaina ponokalafi ina ia mafai ai ona feagai ma lagona le lelei ma lagona o le atuatuvale

Matou te finau e aoga le mafaufau i nei fegalegaleaiga gaioiga o auala mo le mafai ona aofia ai i le lumanaʻi ata sili atu o faʻafitauli o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina. E mafai foi ona fesoasoani lea i le faʻasalalauina o faʻamatalaga patino ma masani i faʻataʻitaʻiga ua fuafuaina. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e mafai ona faʻamanuiaina mai i se manatu sili atu ona lelei nai lo le mulimuli i laina tutusa e lua o suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai le faʻavasegaina o ituaiga eseese o faafitauli e fesootaʻi ma ponokalafi.

Faʻamatalaga i luga o faʻafitauli faʻapitoa

Grubbs et al. (2018) finau: "Po o le a lava le iloa e se tasi le tele o ponokalafi e faʻaaogaina (faʻataʻitaʻiga, vaisu) poʻo le PPMI, matou te faʻalauiloaina o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga e mafai ona fesootaʻi ma tiga faʻalagona, mafatiaga o le mafaufau, ma aʻafiaga faʻapitoa. O le mafuaaga lea matou te faʻalauiloaina ai a matou mamanu o le PPMI o se isi manatu faʻapitoa e fesoasoani e faʻamalamalamaina le mea e tatau ona taulaʻi i ai le gasegase. "Matou te malilie ma le manatu o tulaga uma (ma isi) e tatau ona gauai atu i ai fomaʻi pe afai o tagata taitoatasi e sailia togafitiga togafitiga faʻaleagaina poʻo le faʻalavelave. E patino lava, e pei ona taʻua muamua e isi tagata suʻesuʻe (Fernandez et al., 2017), e taua le mafaufau i mea e aʻafia ai tagata taitoatasi, e aofia ai mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le amio mama. Ae ui i lea, mo le fesuiaiga o le faʻaaogaina o vaisu ma le PPMI, o se malamalama sili atu i faiga masani ma eseesega o mamanu e faʻatagaina. Matou te finau foi o le tuufaatasiga o faagasologa e aofia ai le tele o faafitauli o ponokalafi e ono faʻaogaina, e mafai ona afaina ai le mafaufau, faʻaaogaina, ma isi mea e maua e tagata taitoatasi ma e tatau ona togafitia taitoatasi.

Grubbs et al. (2018) setete: "I se faapuupuuga, matou mautinoa o le PPMI o ni faafitauli moni ma ni mafaufauga moni, ae o le amio lelei o na faʻafitauli e ese mai se vaisu moni. I nofoaga faʻafomaʻi, o le mafai ona faʻaeseesega i le va o nei suiga masani e ono taua tele. " E pei ona taʻua i luga, matou te malilie faatasi ma le manatu o itu uma e lua - PPMI ma le faʻaleagaina o le faʻaaogaina - e tatau ona mataala i faʻafitauli tau falemaʻi. Matou te fia faʻamamafaina lenei manatu pe a matou talitonu o manatu na faʻaalia e Grubbs et al. le tatau ona faʻamatalaina o se faʻaitiitia le aʻafiaga o ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma a latou gaioiga. O lona uiga, matou te talitonu tele o le PPMI faʻataʻitaʻiga e le tatau ona faʻaaogaina e faʻaitiitia ai le aʻafiaga o ponokalafi faʻafitauli faʻaaogaina i ana faʻatinoina eseese poʻo le tusiaina o le faaiuga o ponokalafi vaʻai mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi na fuafuaina PPMI e le afaina, soona tali atu, poʻo se mea le aoga. . Ae ui i lea, e mafai o faʻagasologa o le atinaʻeina ma le tausiga o mea uma e lua o loʻo manatu e faʻamalosi / fai ma vaisu ma le PPMI e laʻititi ese nai lo le fautuaga a Grubbs et al. ma ono i ai ni tutusa pe ono synergistic nai lo orthogonal auala faʻamatalaina atuatuvalega mafaufau. E tatau foi ona maitauina o le mafatiaga e ono suia e faʻatatau i laʻasaga o vaisu ma o lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga e tatau ona tofotofoina i le tele o falemaʻi faitau aofaʻi (eg, malosi togafitiga-sailia faʻasolosolo), maua ono eseese tulaga o malamalamaaga e faʻatatau i le mafatiaga ma aʻafiaga. E talitonuina o le faʻavae o mea uma e lua o le faʻamalosi / fai ma vaisu ma le faʻanoanoa o amioga lelei o loʻo fefaʻasoaaʻi ai i nisi o mea taua e faʻaosofia ai tagata, aʻafia ai, ma malamalama lelei ai. Matou te talitonu o loʻo i ai ni fesili matala e faʻatatau i agavaʻa ma togafitiga o le faʻamalosi / fai ma vaisu poʻo le faʻanoanoa o le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi, ma le malamalama i mea e sili atu nai lo na pueina e le CPUI-9 ma suesueina e oʻo mai e manaʻomia e faʻalauteleina suʻesuʻega ma falemaʻi faʻataʻitaʻi. I lenei gaioiga, o le iloiloina o le tele o vaega o faʻaliga e taua, e aofia ai le faʻaosofia mo le sailia o togafitiga, aʻafiaga o ponokalafi vaʻai, ma sini o togafitiga. I nisi tulaga, e foliga mai e aoga le faʻaaoga o le Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, e pei ona fautuaina e Grubbs et al. Ae peitaʻi, i isi mataupu, o le faʻaleleia o amioga ma isi metotia o le mafaufau faʻapitoa e mafai ona fesoasoani i togafitiga pe a fai o le sini a le tagata o loʻo faʻamalieina ona manaʻoga ma ona manaʻoga e faʻaoga ponokalafi ma ana mafaufauga, taofiofia o le taofiofia, ma faʻamoemoega e fesoʻotaʻi ma ponokalafi. (Potenza, Sofuoglu, Carroll, & Rounsaville, 2011). Tele vaega e tatau ona amanaʻia pe a fai o tagata o loʻo feagai ma faʻafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma ponokalafi faʻaaogaina togafitiga (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016). O le mea lea, o le tele o mea-o le faʻaleagaina o le ola mama ma le faʻaaogaina o se faiga o mea ua fai ma vaisu, e pei o le manaʻo, pulea le faʻatagaina, faia o faʻaiuga-e tatau ona mafaufau loloto i ai pe a suʻesuʻeina faafitauli o tagata taʻitoʻatasi e fesootaʻi ma ponokalafi e faʻaaoga e maua ai togafitiga sili ona lelei, faʻapitoa.

Faamatalaga

Tausisia o Tulaga Faatauaina

Feeseeseaiga o tului

Fai mai tusitala e leai ni a latou feeseeseaiga. Na maua e Dr. Brand (i le Iunivesite o Duisburg-Essen) foai mai le Siamani Foundation Foundation (DFG), le German Federal Ministry for Research and Education, le German Federal Ministry for Health, ma le Europa Union. Ua faia e Dr. Brand se iloiloga o fesoasoani mo nisi ofisa; ua faasaʻoina vaega o tusi talaaga ma tusiga; ua tuʻuina atu aʻoaʻoga faʻapitoa i falemaʻi poʻo vailaʻau faasaienisi; ma ua fatuina tusi poʻo le tusi mataupu mo tagata talaʻi o le soifua maloloina o le mafaufau. O Dr. Potenza na feutagai ma fautua atu ia Rivermend Health, Opiant / Lakelight Therapeutics, ma Jazz Pharmaceuticals; maua le fesoasoani suʻesuʻega (i Yale) mai le Mohegan Sun Casino ma le Nofoaga Tutotonu a le Atunuu mo le Taʻaloga Taʻaloga; faʻatalanoa mo poʻo se faʻasilasilaga faʻamaonia faaletulafono ma le vavalalata i luga o mataupu e fesoʻotaʻi ma amioga faʻaosofia ma amioga faʻafefete; tuʻuina atu tausiga faʻapitoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma amioga faʻaosooso ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu; faia iloiloga faameaalofa; Faʻasalalau faʻamaumauga / faʻamaumauga; aʻoga faʻatinoina aʻoaʻoga i ni taamilosaga tetele, mea CME, ma isi falemaʻi / faʻasaienisi; ma fatuina tusi poʻo mataupu mo tagata lomitusi o le soifua maloloina o le mafaufau.

mau faasino

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