Ole televave ole taʻaloga i luga o le initaneti e taʻalo ai ni taʻaloga e faʻatusatusa ai uiga o mea ua fai ma vaisu ma tagata e leai ni meaʻai i luga o le initaneti o tagata taaalo i luga o le initaneti i se tagata Farani matutua (2011

BMC Psychiatry. 2011; 11: 144.

Lomia i luga o le initaneti 2011 Aukuso 26. Tui: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-144

PMCID: PMC3176476

Pule Tau Fatuga© 2011 Achab et al; tagata ua laiseneina BioMed Central Ltd.

Sofia Aapo,1,2,3 Magali Nicolier,1 Frédéric Mauny,4,5 Julie Monnin,1,6 Benoit Trojak,7 Pierre Vandel,1,2 Daniel Sechter,1,2 Philip Gorwood,8,9 ma Emmanuel Haffentusitala talafeagai1,2,6

1Falemai Togafitiga Matagaluega, Besançon Iunivesite Falemai, 25030 Besançon Cedex, Farani

2EA 481 "Neurosciences Laboratory" - Iunivesite a Franche-Comté, 1 nofoaga e lua o le Leclerc, 25030 Besançon Cedex, Farani

3Falemai Togafitiga Matagaluega, Addictological Iunite o Geneva Iunivesite Falemai, 70C rue du Grand-Pré Geneva, Suiselani

4Fomaʻi Faʻamatalaga Matagaluega, Besançon Iunivesite Falemai, 25030 Besançon Cedex, Farani

5UMR CNRS 6249 «Chrono Siʻosiʻomaga» -Franche-Comté University, 16 auala de Grey, 25030 Besançon Cedex, Farani

6INSERM Technological Innovation Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM CIC-IT 808), Besançon University Hospital, 25030 Besançon Cedex, Farani

7Falemai Togafitiga Matagaluega, Dijon Iunivesite Falemai, 1 Bd Jeanne dʻArc, BP 77908 21079 Dijon Cedex, Farani

8Saint-Anne Hospital (Paris Descartes), 100 rue de la santé, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, Farani

9INSERM U894, Paris Descartes University, Paul Broca Center, 2 ter rue dʻAlésia, 75014 Paris, Farani

Sofia Akapo: [imeli puipuia] ; Magali Nicolier: [imeli puipuia] ; Frédéric Mauny: [imeli puipuia] ; Julie Monnin: [imeli puipuia] ; Benoit Trojak: [imeli puipuia] ; Pierre Vandel: [imeli puipuia] ; Daniel Sechter: [imeli puipuia] ; Philip Gorwood: [imeli puipuia] ; Emmanuel Haffen: [imeli puipuia]

Maua Oketopa 7, 2010; Talia Aukuso 26, 2011.

O lenei faʻamatalaga Open Access o loʻo tufatufaina i lalo o tuutuuga o le Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), lea e faataga ai le le faʻamalosia le faʻaaogaina, tufatufaina, ma toe gaosia i soʻo se auala, pe afai o le uluai galuega o loʻo taua lelei.

lē faʻatino

tua

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) o se sili ona lauiloa ma faʻafiafiaina faʻafiafiaga gaioiga, ma e i ai le le lava o faʻavaomalo faʻamaonia mea e iloiloina tele taʻaloga. Faatasi ai ma le faatupulaia numera o tagata taaalo i le lalolagi atoa, leaga aafiaga (faaesea, falemaʻi, soona faʻaaoga, ma isi) ua maitauina i se toʻaitiiti o tagata taaalo, o se popolega mo sosaiete ma mo le saienitisi nuu. I le taimi nei suʻesuʻega, matou taulaʻi i le suʻesuʻeina o tagata taaalo i ono ono lamatia o MMORPG vaisu.

Metotia

I lenei suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega, sa matou taulaʻi atu i uiga, masani i luga ole laiga ma faʻafitauli o le soʻona faʻaoga i tagata matutua MMORPG tagata taʻalo. I le faʻaopopoga i faʻamatalaga faʻafomaʻi-faʻafomaʻi ma faʻataʻitaʻi i amioga a tagata taʻaalo, e 3 mea faigaluega eseese mo le suʻeina o mea ua fai ma vaisu na faʻaaoga i Farani MMORPG tagata taʻalo na faʻaaoga i luga o le upega tafailagi i luga o le 10 masina sosoʻo: o fualaʻau faʻalagolago i le vailaʻau mo le Diagnostic ma Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder, lomiga lona fa (DSM -IV-TR) ua uma ona fetuunai mo MMORPG (DAS), o le agavaʻa Goldberg Initaneti Iniseti Faʻaletonu fua (GIAD) ma le aofaʻi Orman Initaneti Stress Scale (ISS). Mo fua uma, o se togi i luga atu o se faʻapitoa faʻapitoa faʻamatalaina positivity.

i'uga

O le 448 auai matutua tagata taaalo sa tele lava talavou matutua iunivesite faauu nonofo na o latou i taulaga taulaga. O i latou na auai na faʻaalia le maualuga o fua o mea ua fai ma vaisu i le Initaneti (44.2% mo GIAD, 32.6% mo ISS) ma le DAS mautinoa (27.5%). Faʻatusatusa i le DAS le lelei vaega, DAS lelei tagata taaalo lipotia sili atu le maualuga o le faʻapalepaleina gaioiga (faʻateleina taimi o taimi i luga o le initaneti taʻaloga e maua ai le manaʻoga aafiaga) ma faʻailoa sili atu lautele lautele, tupe (PO: 4.85), faʻaipoipoga (PO: 4.61) , aiga (PO: 4.69) ma / poʻo faʻalavelave faʻafitauli (PO: 4.42) talu ona latou amata taʻaloga i luga ole laiga. E le gata i lea, o nei tagata taʻalo na lipotia e latou le sili atu le maualuga o tau (3 taimi sili atu) o le itaitagofie, moe i le ao, moe moe ona o le taʻalo, maualalo lagona ma suiga o lagona talu mai le initaneti taʻaloga amata.

faaiuga

O le DAS na foliga mai o se lelei muamua laina laina e vaʻai MMORPG vaisu i luga o le initaneti taʻaloga. O lenei suʻesuʻega na maua ai le maualuga o fua o mea ua fai ma vaisu MMORPG, ma faʻafitauli leaga na lipotia e le tagata lava ia i itu taua o le olaga, e aofia ai lagona ma le moe. Lenei faʻamaonia le manaʻomia e set up talafeagai puipuiga polokalame e faasaga i luga o le initaneti taʻaloga soʻoga.

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tua

Faʻamoemoe e aofia ai se faigata faiga o meaola psychosocial mea e afaina ai tagata taʻitasi, a latou gaioiga ma a latou aganuʻu, ma ua taua foi o se faʻamaʻi ma le tele o faʻamatalaga [1]. I le 1964 na faalauiloa mai e le World Health Organization (WHO) le mataupu o le faalagolago e sui ai vaisu ma amioga masani. O le faaupuga faʻalagolago mafai ona faʻaaoga masani ma faʻasino i le atoa vaega o psychoactive vailaʻau (fualaʻau, vailaʻau poʻo vailaʻau faʻalagolago faʻamoemoeina) poʻo ma faʻapitoa faʻapitoa i se faapitoa fualaʻau poʻo vasega o vailaʻau (ava malosi po o le opioid faʻalagolago) ma e faatatau uma i le tino ma le mafaufau elemene [2]. E tusa ai ma le Diagnostic ma le Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), o vailaʻau faʻalagolago e ono aofia ai le tele o faʻailoga (faʻapalepale, faʻaui i tua, faʻafitauli leaga i vaega o agafesoʻotaʻi ma polofesa, leiloa le faʻatonutonuina o le taumafaina, ma le tutumau e ui lava i le leaga o aʻafiaga na amataina). O le manatu na amata mai talu ai ona faia se iloiloga tele ma le aliaʻe mai o fou ituaiga o faʻalapotopotoga, e faʻaigoaina e le o ni vailaʻau (ie. amio) vaisu pei o le 'ai faʻaleagaina, faʻatauga faʻamalosi, faʻamalosi tino faʻamalosi.3] ma petipetiga faʻapitoa. Fomai e masani ona vaʻaia i le va o le sauaina, faʻalagolago ma vaisu, faʻasino i se tasi vailaʻau poʻo amioga. Lenei eseʻesega e lagolagoina e lata mai nei neurobiological sailiiliga i luga o eseʻesega neuronal gaioiga aofia ai i le faʻalagolago poʻo vaisu [4]. Faʻamoemoe mafai ona faʻamatalaina o se fetuutuunai neural tali atu i le vailaʻau aʻafiaga o vailaʻau faʻasuaʻava, ma e fesoʻotaʻi ma le toʻesea pe a le mafai ona maua le vailaʻau. O lenei faʻauigaga e tutusa ma le mea na taʻua muamua o le "faalagolago faʻaletino", e le lava e faʻamatalaina vailaʻau ma le leai ni vailaʻau fai ma vaisu. O le "faʻalagolago i le mafaufau" talu ai e ono avea ma "filifiliga le atoatoa" i le faʻaletonu faaletonu, lea leiloa o le faʻatonutonuina ma le le lava o faʻaiuga fai e mafua ai le otometi ma faʻamalosi amioga lea e tulituliloaina e ui lava i le leaga o le mafaufau, tino ma / pe agafesoʻotaʻi taunuuga. [5]. E tele ituaiga o amioga, e le gata i le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau o le mafaufau, e maua ai se faʻamanuiaga mo se taimi puʻupuʻu e ono tupu ai ni amioga faifai pea, e ui lava i le iloa o mea leaga e ono tutupu. O nei faʻaletonu ua maeʻa faʻatulagaina e pei o le taoto i tafatafa o le fusi-o le fusi o fusi o alaleo e pei o le "amio" vaisu. I le lagolagosua i le talitonuga lona lua, o le faʻateleina o faʻamaoniga ua fautua mai ai o amioga ua fai ma vaisu e pei o vaisu o vailaʻau i le tele o vaega, e aofia ai talaʻaga faʻanatura, phenomenology, faʻapalepale, ma le faʻamafanafanaina, soʻosoʻoga genetasi saofaga, neurobiological auala, ma tali i togafitiga6]. O le faʻasalalauga a le American Psychiatric Association (APA) na taʻua ai e O'Brien, o le taʻitaʻi o le Substance-Related Disorder Work Group, e faapea: faiai le faʻataʻitaʻi o taui ma osofaʻiga ”[7]. O nei sailiga lagolagoina le lumanaʻi DSM lomiga lona lima (DSM-V) e ono fautuaina se fou vaega o le tagofia o mea ua fai ma vaisu ma fesoʻotaʻiga aofia ai uma le faʻaogaina o faʻafitauli ma le o ni vailaʻau. Faʻamatalaga o loʻo i ai nei e faʻapea mai o lenei tuʻufaʻatasiga vaega e ono talafeagai mo faʻasolosolo faʻamalositino ma ni nai lelei suʻesuʻeina lelei amio faʻasologa faʻataʻitaʻiga. Initaneti ua fai ma vaisu (IA) ma ata vitio / komepiuta ua fai ma vaisu [6]. IA na faamatalaina o se tala malie e Goldberg i le 1994 e ala i le toe gaosia o le DSM-IV taʻiala mo vailaʻau faʻalagolago [8]. Talu mai lena taimi, o lenei "faʻafitauli fou" na avea ma mataupu o saienitisi fiafia seʻia oʻo mai talu ai nei le valaau mo ia e auai i le tulaga o le DSM V faʻavasegaina. O le faʻataʻitaʻiga a le Davis i luga o le Problematic Internet Use (PIU) e lua vaega eseese: i) Faʻapitoa PIU, e fesoʻotaʻi ma se mataupu ma e mafai ona tutoʻatasi mai le Initaneti, e pei o taʻaloga faʻatau tupe ma videogames ma ii) Generalized PIU e fesoʻotaʻi ma mea patino. Initaneti mea e pei o talanoaga, i-meli ma fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga [9]. Ua saunia e le Initaneti le tele o avanoa mo aganuu masani taʻaloga vitio ma le tosina atu e manino taatele i le lalolagi atoa, aemaise ma le Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). O se faʻataʻitaʻiga o lenei lauiloa o le Lalolagi o Warcraft© (WoW), lea e ova ma le 11.5 miliona tagata e faia saofaga [10] ma faʻamatalaga mo le tusa ma le 62% o le 'upega tafaʻilagi vitio taʻaloga maketi [11]. Nei taʻaloga o le sili ona lata mai Initaneti-naʻo taʻaloga poto masani, ma e masani ona faʻatusalia e tele, lavelave ma suia lalolagi tafaʻilagi faʻatulagaina i siosiomaga eseese [12]. Peitaʻi, talu ai ona tupuolaola le taʻutaʻua o le MMORPG, ua fesiligia ai fesili e uiga i le ono mafai ona faʻaaoga tele. MMORPGs e taʻalo mo se vaitaimi umi atu nai lo isi taʻaloga [13], lea e ono faʻailoa mai ai foi le ono gafatia o ni mea le lelei i tagata taaalo [14].

E oʻo mai i le taimi nei, e le tele ni suʻesuʻega na faia i luga o le initaneti vitio taʻaloga, aemaise lava i itu eseʻese o taʻaloga i luga o le initaneti, o uiga o tagata matutua taʻaloga ma latou vaisu tulaga. O suʻesuʻega na muamua atu faʻatauaina le faʻatauaina o le faitau aofai o tagata taʻalo MMORPG. E toaitiiti ni suʻesuʻega na vaʻai i aʻafiaga o le MMORPG. Na iloiloina e Kim le tagofia o mea ua fai ma vaisu i luga o le initoneti i le faaaogaina o se fesuiaiga o le Young's Internet Addiction Scale ma maitauina se fesootaiga lelei i le va o le initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu ma le osofaʻiga ma uiga masani o le narcissistic, ma le le lelei o le tuufaatasiga i le va o le initaneti o vaisu ma le amio pulea.15]. I se suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻe, na suʻesuʻe ai e Hussain le suiga o le itupa o fafine [16] ma i se suʻesuʻega agavaʻa faʻaaogaina 71 luga o le initoneti faʻatalanoaga, na faʻaalia ai le auala na faʻaaogaina ai e le au taʻaalo le MMORPG e faʻatamaia ai lagona le lelei, ma tuʻuina atu auiliiliga o faʻafitauli a le tagata lava ia e tulaʻi mai ona o le taʻalo MMORPG i le lona tolu o mataupu [17]. I se isi suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega, na vavaeʻese ai e Longman le 206 faavaomalo tagata auai i totonu o vaega e 2 e tusa ma le taimi na faʻaalu ai i le taalo MMORPG i le vaiaso, ma matauina o le vaega faʻaaoga maualuga na faʻaalia tulaga maualalo o fesoʻotaʻiga i luga ole laiga ma tulaga maualuga o faʻamaoniga o le mafaufau leaga.18]. O le isi auala na taulaʻi i le va i le va o vaisu ma avatar, o le tagata taʻaloga [14]. I lenei faʻavaomalo suʻesuʻega, 15.4% o tagata taaalo o fafine ma toeititi 40% o le 548 MMORPG tagata taaalo na manatu o latou lava o vaisu. Ma le isi, Mentzoni 'ua al. matauina o faʻafitauli faʻaaogaina o ata vitio na fesoʻotaʻi ma togi maualalo mo le olaga faʻamalieina ma maualuga tulaga o le popole ma le faʻanoanoa [19].

Vitio taʻaloga o se sili ona manaia faʻafiafia gaioiga, ma e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina i togafitiga faʻafomaʻi (tiga, maso toe faʻamalosia, mafaufau faʻaosofia, ma isi) [20], ae e mafai foi ona mafua ai aʻafiaga leaga e pei o vaisu. Ina ia foia lenei tuputupu aʻe foliga vaaia, o le malo o Korea i Saute, o se paionia atunuu mo MMORPG atinae, ua na o le filifili e faalauiloa le vaeluaga o le po mo talavou taaalo ma le lokaina o 6 itula. I se faʻaopopoga, la latou Initaneti fesoʻotaʻiga o le a tuai e ala i spyware mo tagata taʻalo taʻalo mo le sili atu i le 6 itula (http://www.mmorpg.com/newsroom.cfm/read/16704). I le auala lava e tasi ma le tusa ma le 10 miliona talavou ua fai ma vaisu Initaneti, ua amata ona faʻatapulaʻaina e Saina le faʻatagaina o le taʻaloga komepiuta: o tulafono o loʻo iai nei e faʻamalosia ai le silia ma le 3 itula o taʻaloga i aso uma.21]. O le fai ma vaisu MMORPG o se mea fou e aliaʻe mai (lea ua amanaʻia mo le sefulu tausaga) i se faʻafitauli o finauga o loʻo siʻomia ai talitonuga e uiga i vaisu o amioga ma "vevesi faʻavae" i le vaega o mea ua fai ma vaisu [22]. I le taimi nei, e leai se faʻasaienisi faʻavaeina ma autasi aloaʻia faʻavasegaina mo le faʻamaoniaina i luga o le initaneti taʻaloga vitio vaisu i ai [23].

I le leai o ni auro tulaga faʻatulagaina aiaiga mo IA ma initaneti taʻaloga fai ma vaisu, na matou taʻua le DSM-IV-TR taʻiala mo le faʻalagolago i vailaʻau. Ole tele o suʻesuʻega i nei matata na suʻesuʻeina taiala mai le DSM-IV-TR e pei o faʻataʻitaʻiga o le taalo i le Initaneti mo Suʻega (IAT) [24], vailaʻau faʻalagolago ma taʻiala taʻiala mo Faʻafitauli Videogame Taʻalo (PVP) [25]. Faʻailoa mai faʻamatalaga faʻasino i falemaʻi ma neurobiological tutusa i le va o vailaʻau faʻaaogaina faʻaletonu ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu [26,27]. Na matou filifili e tofotofo vailaʻau faʻalagolago DSM-IV-TR taʻiala e vaʻai ai mo le initaneti taʻaloga tagofia o mea ua fai ma vaisu.

I lenei mataupu, o lenei suʻesuʻega, o le tele lava o suʻesuʻega, taulai atu i le tuueseeseina MMORPG vaisu mai IA (e tusa ai ma le Davis's teori teori) faʻaaogaina eseese meafaigaluega siakiina mo vaisu i le tutusa faataitaiga. Ina ia foia MMORPG vaisu, na matou faʻaaogaina le DSM-IV-TR faʻavae mo le faʻalagolago i vailaʻau [28,29] lea na matou fetuʻunaʻiina mo le initaneti vitio taʻaloga (suia le upu "vailaʻau" i le upu "lugalaina vitio taʻaloga"). Ina ia talanoa ia IA, e 2 fua eseese na faʻaaogaina: o le agavaʻa o le Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder (GIAD) [8] (aofia ai le faʻapalepaleina ma faʻateʻaina faʻatatau faalagolagoina) ma le aofaʻiga Orman Initaneti faʻamamafaina fua (ISS) [30] (le aofia ai le faʻapalepaleina ma faʻateʻaina faʻamoemoega faʻamoemoeina ma le taulaʻiina i vaisu uiga e pei o le leiloa o le faʻatonutonu ma iʻuga leaga o le soʻona faia Initaneti). O lenei suʻesuʻega na faʻatauaina foʻi i tagata matutua MMORPG tagata taʻalo e faʻaaoga se initaneti e suʻe ai se tisaini.

Metotia

Suesuega mamanu

O le faʻatulagaina o le faitau aofai o a matou suʻesuʻega na aofia ai Farani MMORPG tagata taʻaalo e sili atu ma le 18 tausaga ma faʻaputuputuina i luga ole laiga i talanoaga talanoaga guilds e masani ona asia e tagata taʻalo. O nei fono fonotaga o faʻalapotopotoga foafoaina e kulupu o tagata taaalo sailia le tutusa sini i le sili ona lauiloa taʻaloga, Lalolagi o Warcraft (WoW). O le pulea e le tagata lava ia natura o le fesili, e ui i lea, itiiti malosi atu nai lo faatonuga faatalanoaga. O loʻo faʻatautaia e oe lava fesili i luga ole laiga, o loʻo faʻaaogaina i isi suʻesuʻega i nei matata ma ua faʻamatalaina o se auala faʻamalieina [31].

O le suʻesuʻega faʻamaonia na faʻamaonia e le Ethical Committee o Besançon University Hospital (faʻatagaina na tuuina atu e le General Health Administration: DGS2007-0382). Ina ia mautinoa le le amanaiaina, na matou lafoina se valaaulia e faʻavasegaina a matou suʻesuʻega, ma se fesoʻotaʻiga i le 'upega tafaʻilagi suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa, i le 234 guilds o WoW taʻaloga i le va o Me 2009 ma Mati 2010. O le taimi lava na fesoʻotaʻi ai tagata taʻavale i le' upega tafaʻilagi, na latou mauaina avanoa i faʻamatalaga i luga o le au suʻesuʻe, sini o le suʻesuʻega ma faʻatonuga manino ile fesili fesili, agatapuia ma le latou aia tatau e alu ese ai i soʻo se taimi mai le suʻesuʻega. Fesili fesili sa matua le mailoa ma faalilolilo, ma leai ni faʻamatalaga e mafai ona faʻailoa ai tagata taʻalo na aoina [faʻataʻitaʻiga. Initaneti Protocol (IP) tuatusi o se numera numera faʻatulagaina i komepiuta taʻitasi o loʻo auai i se komepiuta fesoʻotaʻiga] e tusa ai ma farani tulaga faʻatauaina. O mataupu uma sa ofo mai ma folafola mai ua latou matutua 18 tausaga pe sili atu. O tagata uma na tali mai na latou malilie e auai i luga o le upega tafailagi ma latou faatagaina ai le au suʻesuʻe e faaaoga a latou faamatalaga e leʻi maeʻa pe a manaʻomia. O le fesili i luga ole laiga e 45 minute le umi. O le vaega muamua o le fesili, na aofia ai le 63 aitema na pulea e ia lava lisi o fesili iloiloina lautele ma faʻamaumauga o tagata, o le sootaga i le va o taʻaloga ma le soifua maloloina, taʻaloga ma agafesoʻotaʻiga faʻafitauli, ma falemaʻi faʻataʻitaʻiga siakiina mo IA ma initaneti taʻaloga ua fai ma vaisu. O le fesili fesili sa i ai se faiga tumau ma tagata auai sa tatau ona taliina fesili taʻitasi ina ia maua ai le avanoa i le fesili lea. Na tali e le au auai le ioe poʻo le leai i fesili uma vagana ai fesili nei: i) mo le fesili "O a ou agavaʻa?" Gamers faia se filifiliga faigofie i le va o 3 avanoa: i lalo Maualuga Aʻoaʻoga Tipiloma, i le va o le Aoga Maualuga Tipiloma ma le Iunivesite tikeri ma iu ai i le Matai tikeri pe maualuga: ii) mo le fesili "O le a le mea o e sailia mo MMORPG?" tagata taaalo na faia se filifiliga i le va o 6 avanoa na matou mulimuli ane faʻavasegaina i le 4 vaega e tusa ai ma le tusitusi a Bartle (1996) [32]: “tagata suʻe nuʻu"Mo le" mauaina "poʻo le" sailiiliga "o le taʻaloga siosiomaga,"Ausia"Mo le" luʻitau "poʻo le" i ai o se avatar mamana ","Tagata taalo"Mo" matafaioi taaalo i se isi lalolagi ", ma le"Faʻalapotopotoga"Mo" fegalegaleai ma isi tagata taaalo "; iii) mo le fesili "E faʻapefea ona e lagona i le taʻalo?" tagata taaalo na faia se filifiliga i le va o 3 avanoa: "sili atu le faamalieina o oe lava", "lagona o le mana" ma / pe "lagona o le auai i se vaega"; iv) mo le fesili "Talu ona e amata taʻalo, e te lagona" tagata taaalo faia se filifiliga faigofie i le va o 5 avanoa: fiafia, sili faʻaitaitagofie, sili atu popole, le toʻafilemu pe sili atu faʻanoanoa; v) mo le fesili "O le a le matua na amata ai ona e taʻalo?" Na tuʻuina mai e tagata taaalo se tali faʻamuta ma le vi) mo le fesili "O a ituaiga o aʻafiaga e te lagona o loʻo maua e le taʻaloga i lou soifua maloloina?" sui na tuuina mai se tatala faaiuina tali na matou mulimuli ane toe faʻavasegaina i le 5 vaega (i) leai se aoga, ii) faʻaletino aʻafiaga pei o vaʻaiga poʻo musculoskeletal faʻaletonu, iii) faʻafitauli o le mafaufau e pei o le popolevalevale, iv) vaivai po o le le moe ma v) uma faʻaletino ma mafaufau aafiaga).

Fua eseese

O le vaega muamua o fesili i luga ole laiga e aofia ai mea e 63 e aofia ai ma initaneti ma mea taʻalo i luga ole laiga. Taʻitasi fua ua i ai a latou lava tutoatasi aitema. i) Ina ia iloiloina vaisu i luga o le initaneti, na matou fetuʻunaʻia le DSM-IV-TR mo le faʻalagolago i vailaʻau ma le togi lava e tasi (3 poʻo le sili atu faʻavae) o le muamua e fiafia i le suʻesuʻeina o oe lava-taʻua o luga o le initoneti taʻaloga video vaisu. Na matou taʻua lenei fua o le DSM-IV-TR vailaʻau faʻalagolago Adapted Scale (DAS) i lenei pepa. E 7 aitema (e pei o le uluaʻi fua) fesoʻotaʻi ma lugalaina faʻaaogaina taʻaloga. Le iloiloga IA, ii) o le Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder (GIAD) o se fua lelei ma le 11 aitema ma na fesuiaʻi mai le DSM-IV vailaʻau faʻalagolago e Goldberg ma le tutusa tipi-ese manatu e pei o DSM-IV vailaʻau faʻalagolago (3 poʻo sili atu taʻiala) faʻailoa mai vaisu Initaneti [8]. O le toʻesea o faʻailoga mo lenei mea faigaluega o le "faʻatupuina", "faʻaauau mafaufauga o le Initaneti" ma le "le faʻamalosia o gaioi lima". iii) Fua faʻatauga a le Orman's Stress Scale (ISS) [30] o se fua faʻataʻitaʻi ma 9 aitema tuʻuina atu i Initaneti manaʻoga masani. O se togi i le va o le 0 ma le 3 e faʻatatau i le maualalo o le mafaufau i mea ua fai ma vaisu a o le togi i le va o le 4 ma le 9 e tutusa ma le aʻafiaga o mea ua fai ma vaisu. O le aoga o lenei mea faigaluega o lana IA ogaoga le siakiina, o le leai o le "faapalepale" poʻo le "toʻesea" faʻailoga, o le taulaʻi i aʻafiaga leaga o Initaneti sauaga, le lipotia a le tagata lava ia le faamalieina Initaneti faʻamalosia ma leiloa le faʻatonutonuina. O lenei mea faigaluega na sili atu le aoga i le suʻega o vaisu nai lo le faʻalagolago.

Mo aitema uma o le 3 una, tagata na tali mai ioe pe leai. Mo fua taʻitasi, o mataʻupu na o latou togi na oʻo i le 'otiʻoti na manatu e lelei.

Suʻega faʻamaumauga

O se auiliiliga univariate na faia faʻaaogaina ai le lua-faʻataʻitaʻiga t-suʻega (faʻaauau fesuiaʻiga) ma Pearson's chi-square test (le mafaatusalia faʻavasega vasega). Ina ia iloiloina tulaga tutoʻatasi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le togi DAS (toefaʻailogaina e lelei pe le lelei), na faia ai se faʻavasegaina tele faʻaogaina e faʻaaoga ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le toe faʻatonuina o faʻamaumauga. Tausaga, itupa ma tulaga aʻoaʻoga na manatu o ni mea e ono mafai ona le mautonu ai [14,15,17,33,34] ma sa faʻalauiloa faʻatulagaina ile logistic model (fetuʻunaʻi iʻuga). Tutoʻatasi mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le togi DAS luga univariate auiliiliga i le p <0.2 na vavaeʻeseina faʻailoa i le logistic faataitaiga. O le faʻasologa a le Benjamini ma le Hochberg na faʻaaoga e faʻatonutonu ai le aʻafiaga o le tele o faʻatusatusaga [35,36]. O le faʻasaʻoga na faʻaaogaina i kulupu o suʻega tutusa o faʻamaoniga null. O iloiloga sa faʻapea o le taimi e tasi a o le tutoʻatasi fesuiaʻiga faʻamatalaina se uiga mai le tutusa aiga (fua faʻatatau fua, faʻavae demografics, faʻaletonu leaga, ma isi). Faʻasaʻoina p-faʻatauaina ma Faʻasaʻoga Malologa Faʻamaonia na fuafuaina ina ia mafai ai ona faʻatonutonu le Sese Discovery Fua faatatau. O le taua faitotoʻa na setiina i le 0.05. Na faʻatinoina auiliiliga e ala i le faʻaaogaina o le polokalama SYSTAT (v 12).

i'uga

Tagata e Auai

Ile 861 o tagata asiasi ile upega tafailagi i luga ole laiga na faʻapitoa mo lenei poloketi, e 516 na faʻamaeʻaina le fesili i luga ole laiga (59.9%). Ono sefulu tolu faamaumauga na faʻateʻaina: 56 mataupu na faʻailoa mai latou te leʻi malilie i faʻamatalaga na faʻaaogaina pe a fai e le atoatoa a latou faʻamaumauga. Sili atu i le 10% o faʻamatalaga na misi mo 5 tagata auai ma 2 fesili na faʻaalia faʻamatalaga le tutusa pe a matou faʻatusatusaina le tele o faʻamaumauga o tagata (tausaga / numera o tamaiti / aiga tulaga ma tausaga / aʻoga tulaga). E fa selau fasefulu valu tali tali mai na aofia ai i lenei faʻamatalaga suʻesuʻega (52.6%).

Uiga o MMORPG tagata taʻalo

Taʻaloga i luga ole laiga taʻalo tagata auai uiga (n = 448) o loʻo lisiina ile Laulau Table1.1. E tusa ai ma le DAS Scale, 27.5% o mataupu na suʻesuʻe na i ai ni tulaga lelei na fai ma vaisu i le MMORPG (na matou faʻaigoaina o le DAS+) [95% Talitonuga Vavalalata (95% CI): 23.3-31.6] (Lisi (Table2) .2). Faʻatasi ai ma fua ISS ma GIAD e fua ai IA, o vaega lelei (na matou faʻaigoaina o le ISS+ ma GIAD+) na oʻo i le 32.6% [95% CI: 28.2-36.9] ma le 44.2% [95% CI: 39.6-48.8] faʻatulagaina. Na matou faʻataʻitaʻia le faʻafesoʻotaʻiga i le va o fua DAS ma IA (n = 448) (Lisi (Table2) .2). O le DAS na fesoʻotaʻi faʻafuainumera ma le GIAD ma le ISS (o loʻo faʻatasi ma le faasaʻoina <10-3): E ui lava 77.5% o tali (n = 84 ISS+/ DAS+, ma n = 263 ISS-/ DAS-) na o gatasi ile va ole DAS male ISS, ma le 72.5% ile va ole DAS male GIAD (n = 99 GIAD+/ DAS+ ma n = 226 GIAD-/ DAS-), vaʻaia foʻi na vaʻaia: 42% o ISS+ sa DAS- ma le 50% o le GIAD+ tagata taaalo na DAS-.

Laulau 1Laulau 1

Faʻavaeina demographic uiga o se faʻataʻitaʻiga o French Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing (MMORPG) Gamers

Laulau 2Laulau 2

MMORPG tagata taaalo 'faatusatusaga ma (vs aunoa) mausa tusa ai ma le 3 siaki sikula fua (n = 448)

Faʻavae i luga o le maualuga fua faʻatusatusa fua i le va o IA fua faʻataʻitaʻiga ma le MMORPG vaʻavaʻaia siakiina fua, matou te tuʻuina atu iinei naʻo iʻuga e tusa ma le DAS.

Tufatufaina i totonu DSM-IV TR vaisu aiaiga

Leai se eseesega taua na maua i le va o tagata taaalo mai le vaega lelei (luga o le faitotoʻa: DAS+) i tulaga o tausaga (25.7 tausaga, mai le 18 i le 46) ma i latou mai le le lelei kulupu (lalo o le faitotoʻa: DAS-, 27 tausaga le matua, amata mai le 18 i le 54); pe i le tulaga o itupa (28.8% vs 20.8% o fafine) (Laulau (Table3) .3). DAS+ tagata taaalo sa tau le avea ma Iunivesite faauu nai lo DAS- (Laulau (Table33).

Laulau 3Laulau 3

Faʻavae numera o tagata taʻalo MMORPG Farani ma a latou tali mai DAS

Ma fetuʻunaʻiga mo tausaga, feusuaiga ma tulaga aʻoaʻoga [14,15,17,33,34], o le DAS togi na matua fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele numera o fesuiaiga i itu nei: olaga lautele, Initaneti ma luga o le initaneti taʻaloga, suiga o lagona ma le soifua maloloina le atoatoa. Muamua, mafaufau i le soifuaga lautele talu mai luga o le initaneti taʻaloga amata (Laulau (Table4), 4), DAS+ O tagata taaalo na latou lipotia le sili atu le maualuga o le "le lava o isi mea faʻafiafia gaioiga" (p <10-3, PO: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.36), o le "alu i fafo laʻititi" (p <10-3, PO: 4.79, 95% CI: 3.05-7.53), o le "vaai toʻaitiiti uo" (p <10-3, PO: 5.78, 95% CI: 3.58-9.32) ma le maua faʻaipoipoga (p <10-3, PO: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.66-7.99), aiga (p <10-3, PO: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.80-7.86), galuega (p <10-3, PO: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.56-7.64) ma / pe faʻaletupe (p <10-2, PO: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.18-19.97) faigata faʻatusatusa i le DAS- tagata taaalo. O se vaega sili atu ona maualuga (p <10-3) o nei DAS+ Na lipotia mai foi e le au taaalo le le taliaina oi latou lava mai ni faatauga talafeagai ina ia mafai ai ona taalo MMORPG (PO: 6.05, 95% CI: 2.48-14.74). I le auala lava e tasi, na latou faʻateleina le aofaʻi o taimi faʻaalu i luga o le Initaneti e maua ai faʻamalieina mo le itiiti ifo i le 12 masina (PO: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.84-4.87) (Lisi (Laulau 5) 5) faʻatusatusa i tagata taʻalo i le DAS- vaega.

Laulau 4Laulau 4

Le manuia lautele ma tali DAS

Laulau 5Laulau 5

Fesoʻotaʻi i Initaneti ma taʻaloga ma DAS tali

Lona lua, taulaʻi i uiga taʻaʻalo (Laulau (Table5), 5), le DAS+ kulupu faʻaalu tele (p <10-3) sili atu taimi ile Initaneti poʻo taʻaloga nai lo le DAS- kulupu (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.29 ma OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14-1.44 faʻatulagaina). O fua o mea ua fai ma vaisu e tusa ai ma le DAS sa masani lava (p <10-3) fesoʻotaʻi ma le lava-lipotia faʻauʻuina o le aofaʻi o taʻaloga faʻatatau faʻatusatusa i masani ai tagata taʻalo (PO: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07-2.71) mo hardcore tagata taaalo ma (PO: 9.14, 95% CI: 3.69-22.64) mo leai olaga.

I tulaga o le sootaga i le va o suiga lagona ma taʻaloga (Laulau (Table6), 6), le DAS+ kulupu lagona le sili atu (p <10-3) sili atu i le taʻaloga lagona o le paoa faʻatusatusa i le DAS- kulupu (PO: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.62-6.36). O le DAS+ kulupu sa sailia sili atu le faamalieina o le tagata lava ia (p = 0.008, PO: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.16-2.73) mai taʻaloga nai lo le DAS- kulupu I le tutusa auala, i latou na lagona se lagona o le vaega auai i totonu o le taʻaloga na sili atu ona i ai i le DAS+ kulupu (p = 0.026, OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06-2.50).

Laulau 6Laulau 6

Lipotia e oe lava suiga o lagona ma DAS tali

Na matou iloiloina foʻi mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma taʻaloga (Laulau (Table7) .7). O le DAS+ kulupu na momoe sili atu nai lo le DAS- kulupu (p = 0.004, OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.93) ma le numera o i latou e leʻi maua se moe filemu na sili atu le maualuga (p <10-3, PO: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.14-0.38). O le le lava o le moe ona o le taʻalo (PO: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.83-4.38) ma le moe i le ao (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.92-5.00) na matua tele (p <10-3) fesoʻotaʻi ma maualuga fua faatatau o DAS faʻalelei. Mo le fesili "o a ou lagona talu ona amata ona e taalo?", Ma faatusatusa i tagata taaalo oe na sili atu le fiafia talu ona latou amata taalo, DAS+ Taʻalo taʻutaʻu faʻateleina folafolaina tele taimi (p <10-3) na sili atu ona latou feita (PO: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.19-5.48), itiiti le toʻafilemu (PO mo le "sili atu le toʻafilemu": 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0. 69) pe sili atu faʻanoanoa (PO: 12.48, 95% CI: 2.64-59.06). E le gata i lea, o nei tagata taʻaʻalo na latou folafolaina tele (p <10-3) sili atu ona fenumiai le moni olaga ma le tafailagi nai lo le DAS- kulupu (PO: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.21-11.34). Na matou suʻesuʻeina foʻi iʻuga o taʻaloga i le soifua maloloina (Laulau (Table7) .7). DAS+ tagata taaalo lava lipotia puapuaga sili atu ona tele taimi masani nai lo DAS- tagata taaalo (p <10-3) mai le mafaufau (PO: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.86-5.56) pe faʻaletino (PO: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.44-7.22) poʻo lagona uma faʻalemafaufau ma le tino (PO: 14.09, 95% CI: 2.89-68.61) ona o taʻaloga.

Laulau 7Laulau 7

Taʻaloga ma oe lava lipotia le soifua maloloina le atoatoa ma DAS tali

I le iuga, faatatau i tagata taʻaʻalo manatu o guilds (Lisi (Table8), 8), le DAS+ Na lagona e le kulupu na manaʻomia i latou e a latou vasega e faʻaalu se aofaʻi o taimi e taʻalo ai ma faʻamalosia i latou (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.63-3.99 ma OR: 5.19, 95% CI: 2.09-12.91 faʻatulagaina). E tusa ai ma le matafaioi a guilds, o tagata taaalo na latou lagonaina le faʻaopoopoina o latou manaʻoga i le latou taimi ua lipotia le maualuga o le DAS positivity (3.7 taimi sili atu), ma tagata taaalo na lagona le mamafa o latou guilds na lipotia le DAS positivity fua 2.6 taimi maualuga atu nai lo tagata taaalo latou te leʻi lagonaina lenei (faʻamatalaga le faʻaalia)

Laulau 8Laulau 8

Aafiaga o guilds ma DAS tali

Talanoaga

I lenei suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega, na matou taulaʻi ai i luga o le initoneti masaniga taʻaloga ma faʻafitauli ova i tagata matutua MMORPG tagata taʻalo, faʻatusatusaina o mea eseese eseese e tolu e mafai ona fesoasoani e vaʻai mataʻupu ma MMORPG faʻafitauli ova. E tusa ai ma fua o IA, na ma matauina o le tulaga lelei na matauina ma le GIAD na maualuga atu nai lo le maitauina ma le ISS ma o lenei faamaoniga o nei fua e 2 na suʻesuʻeina eseesega eseese (GIAD fuafuaina le faʻalagolago ma vaisu a o ISS fuafuaina naʻo vaisu). O le maualuga togi maua ma GIAD o lona uiga i vailaʻau faʻaaogaina le atoatoa, faʻalagolago e sili atu ona tele nai lo vaisu [37]. E le gata i lea, mo le 3 mea faigaluega na faʻaaogaina, o le tulaga e tutusa ae leai se maeʻa faʻatasi na matauina. E le gata i lea, o nei mea faigaluega e 3 e leʻi faʻatusatusaina a latou mea totino, e faʻapea o se eseʻesega i le va o IA ma vaisu i luga ole laiga. O lenei mea e faʻamalosia ai le matou faʻataʻitaʻiga galue o le manaʻoga mo ni mea faigaluega maoti mo le Initaneti ma isi mea faigaluega faʻapitoa mo MMORPG. Na matou faʻaalia o le vailaʻau fetuʻunaʻi DSM-IV-TR fua (igoa DAS) mafai ona avea ma se lelei muamua laina meafaigaluega e iloilo MMORPG soʻona faʻaoga.

E ui o tusitusiga na faʻamaonia le faʻateleina o le fiafia i le MMORPG, e leai se maliega o loʻo iai i le taimi nei e faʻatatau i se fuataga faʻamaonia mo le fuafuaina o MMORPG vaisu faʻapitoa. O le tele o suʻesuʻega na muamua vaʻai i se faitau aofaʻi o tagata talavou e faʻatatau i le Initaneti i se tulaga lautele, ma seasea taulaʻi i taʻaloga vitio [38]. O le psychometric meatotino a IA fua o loʻo folafolaina [15,39,40], ae o isi na faʻavae a latou suʻesuʻega i gamer faatalanoaga [14,17,38]. I se faʻaopopoga, o suʻesuʻega muamua e leai se eseesega i le va o le Initaneti ma lugalaina vitio taʻaloga, poʻo le va o 'eseʻese ituaiga o lugalaina vitio taʻaloga [41]. MMORPGs na foliga mai e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻafitauli faʻaaoga [33] nai lo le MMORPG taʻaloga ona MMORPG 'au taaalo foliga mai e faʻaalu tele taimi e taʻalo ai [13].

E tele tapulaʻa a matou suʻesuʻega. Muamua, o le representativeness o le faʻataʻitaʻiga auiliiliina iinei e ono avea ma faʻafitauli. O sui na auai e leʻi filifilia faʻafuaseʻi, ma o le auai na faia i le lotofuatiaifo (mataupu taliaina e auai i le iloiloga i le oʻo atu i le 'upega tafaʻilagi mo fesili i luga ole laiga). Masalo e le o ituaiga uma o MMORPG tagata taaalo na aofia ai i lenei suʻesuʻega, ae maise lava o le hardcore (aua o tali e mafua ai ona latou faʻamaʻimau taimi e mafai ona faʻaalu e taʻaʻalo ai) poʻo tagata taʻalo masani (aua latou te ono lagona le le popole i le suʻesuʻega). I leisi itu, o tagata taʻalo i luga o le upega tafailagi e ala i le faʻauiga faigata e aapa atu i soʻo seisi auala vavae ese mai le initaneti. Lona lua, matou taulaʻi atu i se faʻapitoa faʻapitoa (Farani tagata matutua MMORPG tagata taaalo na). O a matou iʻuga e ui i lea e faʻatusatusa i Amerika ma Asia suʻesuʻega e tusa ai ma tausaga, itupa, ma aiga ma tulaga faʻaipoipoga [14,33,34]. I se faʻaopopoga, o le averesi taimi faʻaalu taʻaloga matauina iinei na tutusa ma isi suʻesuʻega [33]. Lona tolu, o iloiloga naʻo faʻavae i luga o oe lava lipoti. Tali atonu na puipuia ia latou tali, ie. taumafai e foliga mai masani lautele, o se le maalofia lamatiaga ma soʻo se suesuega faʻavae i luga o oe lava lipotia. Ui i lea, o le mautinoa o faʻamaumauga faʻailoaina igoa ono faʻamalosia ai tagata taʻavale e tuʻuina atu tali faamaoni. Lona fa, e foliga mai e leʻo toe tali atu le tagata taʻaʻalo lava e tasi i le fesili ona o lona umi (45 min). E le gata i lea, e pei ona faʻamatalaina i le Vaega o iʻuga, lelei faʻatonutonuina o faʻamatalaga na aveʻesea fesili le talafeagai. Lona lima, o le maliega o le lipotia a oe lava faʻavasegaina o faʻataʻitaʻiga taʻaloga (Faʻaletino, Hardcore tagata taʻaʻalo ma Leai se ola) ma DAS positivity, ma le eseʻesega leaga aʻafiaga lipotia faʻamaonia tali faamaoni mai se alalafaga na faʻaeteete e uiga i le tuʻuina atu o faʻamatalaga e ono afaina ai le lautele foliga o taʻaloga i luga ole laiga.

I tulaga o uiga faʻavae, o le matou suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o tagata matutua Farani MMORPG tagata taʻalo e masani ona talavou, faigaluega, tagata matutua o le Iunivesite faʻauʻuina, ma masani ona nonofo toʻatasi i taulaga taulaga. Fegalegaleaiga a le tagata lava ia (77.5%) na avea ma mea sili na tosina i ai lenei MMORPG e tusa ai ma a latou lava iloiloga, ae le o le faʻataʻitaʻiga taʻitasi (30.9%). O se talavou tausaga o taʻaloga i luga o le initaneti amataina o se sili atu fesuiaʻiga fesoʻotaʻi ma DAS tulaga lelei faʻatusatusa i le numera o tausaga o taʻaloga. Na matou maitauina le tutusa numera o tausaga taʻaalo i luga ole laiga taʻaloga vitio mo vaega uma [8.54 tausaga (Standard Deviation (SD): 6.66; 95% CI: 7.81-9.26 mo le DAS- vasega faʻalagolago i 8.41 tausaga (SD: 5.93; 95% CI: 7.35-9.46) mo le DAS+] (faʻamatalaga le faʻaalia)

Na matou filifili e fetuʻunaʻi le fua o le faʻalagolago i le vailaʻau o le DSM-IV-TR mo taʻaloga i luga o le upega tafailagi ona o le tele o le aʻafia i taʻaloga i luga o le upega tafailagi e mafai ona faʻamatalaina o se ituaiga o amioga ua fai ma vaisu lea e faʻamatalaina ai amioga e le gaioiga. O lenei tulaga na faʻamalosia e le APA talu ai nei talanoaga ma tulaga i luga o le mataupu [7,21,42], lea na tupu a o matou sauniaina nei tusitusiga. I se faʻaopopoga, o le taʻiala mo faʻafitauli vitio taʻaloga taʻaloga e aofia ai le faʻapalepale, maua mai i le faʻataʻitaʻiga aiaiga o vailaʻau faʻalagolago [25]. E le gata i lea, o le fetuʻutuʻunaʻi DSM-IV faʻataʻitaʻi faʻataʻalo tau tupe na laga ai le aoga o mataupu ona o le eseese eseesega agavaʻa eseesega i le va o le taʻalo tupe ma taʻaloga [23]. Lenei, matou maitauina mo le 3 una, o le faʻatamaʻiina o fua faatatau na maualuga atu faʻatusatusa i isi suʻesuʻega [14,17]. O meafaigaluega suʻesuʻe o mea ua fai ma vaisu na faʻaaogaina i le matou suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai le maualuga ma le taua (p <10-3) faʻatasiga peʻa suʻesuʻe lelei pe le lelei: DAS ma ISS faʻaalia 77.5% o concordant paga, ma DAS ma GIAD faʻaalia 72.5% o concordant paga. Ole maualuga maualuga mo IA ile matou suʻesuʻega (32.5% ole ISS+ ma le 44.3% o le GIAD+) faʻatusatusa i tusitusiga e mafai ona faʻamatalaina e le faʻataʻitaʻiga uiga: tagata taʻalo i luga o le initaneti e tele lava ina soʻona faʻaaoga le Initaneti vector mo taʻaloga faʻapea foi ma isi Initaneti gaioiga. E le gata i lea, o nei mea faigaluega e lua e le fuaina tutusa itu. ISS taulaʻi i vaisu ma le leiloa o le faʻatonutonuina ma le tumau o amioga tusa lava poʻo le a le leaga iuga i vaega taua; ae GIAD iloiloina le faʻapalepale ma faʻateʻaina faʻailoga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻamoemoeina.

O le eseʻesega i le tulaga lelei na maitauina mo mea faigaluega e 3 ua faʻamamafaina ai se eseʻesega moni i le va o taʻaloga ma le lautele o le PIU, ma manaʻomia ai mea faigaluega faapitoa mo malae taʻitasi o IA. Na matou faʻaalia, mai nei mea faigaluega eseese e tolu, o le DAS na foliga mai ose mea taua e suʻesuʻe ai ma vaisu MMORPG. O le DAS foliga mai o le tasi sili ona fesoʻotaʻi ma isi faʻalapotopotoga suesueina. O lenei na muamua faʻamatalaina e le mea moni o ISS ma fua GIAD na tuʻuina atu i le Initaneti, o lea na latou aofia ai isi elemeni i tafatafa o taʻaloga, ae o le DAS na faapitoa i luga o le initaneti taʻaloga vitio. Lona lua, na matou maitauina ni faʻatusatusaga i le va o le DAS faʻalelei ma isi vaisu na faʻamaonia ai le fua masani, e pei o le tagofia o le 'ava malosi. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le odds ratio e fesoʻotaʻi ma se tali lelei i le fesili "Faʻateleina taimi faʻaalu luga o le Initaneti e maua ai le faʻamalieina" na maualuga (PO: 2.99); lenei aafiaga mafai ona faauigaina o se faapalepale foliga vaaia, lea e masani lava ona maua i vailaʻau vaisu [28]. Ua faʻapea foi ona mautu lelei o le tagofia o mea oona pei o le 'ava malosi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le soifua maloloina ma faigata lautele e pei o aiga ma galuega faʻafitauli [43]. O le suʻesuʻeina o amioga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le fai ma vaisu MMORPG na mafai ai ona matou faʻauiga se "taʻaloga a tagata matutua e ono aʻafia i mausa" ma le tele o aʻafiaga mo le soifua maloloina ma amioga a le tagata lava ia, e pei ona maitauina i le taimi na saunia ai lenei tusitusiga e Billieux ma isi. [44]. Ioe, tagata taaalo mai vaega lelei uma na laiti nai lo i latou i le le lelei vaega ma sa le ono avea o ni Iunivesite faauu (48.2% na maua le itiiti ifo ma le Maualuga Aoga Tipiloma) faatusatusa i le lautele o le faitau aofai o tagata oa matou suesuega, lea e ogatusa ma le mea moni e laiti tagata taaalo na manatu ia latou lava ua sili atu ona fai ma vaisu [14,45]. Ona o mea e tutusa ai ma suʻesuʻega talu ai [14,15,17,33,34], o le multivariate logistic regression analysis na faia ma fetuunaiga mo tausaga, feusuaiga ma tulaga aʻoaʻoga. Uma fesuiaʻiga suesueina iinei (25/25) tumau taua i le mulimuli faʻataʻitaʻiga ina ua maeʻa fetuʻunaʻiga. I tulaga o gamer uiga, vaega lelei tagata taaalo faʻaaluina tele taimi i luga o le Initaneti i vaiaso taʻitasi nai lo le lelei vaega tasi ma sili atu taimi taʻaloga nai lo le faitau aofaʻi atoa. I se faʻaopopoga, sa i ai se malosi sootaga i le va o le faʻauiga na tuʻuina mai e tagata auai (Faʻaletonu, Hardcore tagata taʻaʻalo poʻo Leai se ola) ma vaisu tulaga: o le maualuga i luga o le fua faʻamatalaina o le, o le sili faʻalagolago o le tagata taʻaʻalo faʻatusatusa i le aofai o tagata. Gamers oe na lagona sili atu faamalieina o le tagata lava ia, lagona o le paoa pe o le auai i se kulupu ma e leʻi momoe filemu o le tele o taimi i le DAS+ kulupu DAS+ kulupu kulupu na momoe foʻi laʻititi itula i le po nai lo DAS- tasi ma mafatia moe moe poʻo le i ai i le moe i le moe. E pei o le suʻesuʻega a Hussain [46], tagata taaalo fai mai latou te lagona le sili atu le itaita ma sili atu le popole na sili atu ona fai ma vaisu nai lo i latou oe na fai mai na latou lagona le fiafia. O le sailia ma le mauaina o le fiafia mai taʻaloga e mafai ona avea ma puipuiga puipuiga mai le tele o taʻaloga. E le o se mea e teʻi ai, o taʻaloga o loʻo fai mai ua sili atu lo latou faʻanoanoa, e 12 taimi foi e sili atu ona fesoʻotaʻi ma le DAS+ vaega nai lo i latou na fai mai ua sili atu lo latou fiafia. Lenei ono mafua mai i se uiga faʻaleleia atili sailia i le taʻaloga, poʻo se iʻuga o leaga leaga aʻafiaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma sili atu taʻaloga. I le tulaga o le soifua maloloina, tagata taaalo ma latou lava lipotia tino pe o le mafaufau aafiaga fesoʻotaʻi ma taʻaloga na masani ona masani ai i le DAS+ kulupu, ma o lenei faʻatasiga e 14 taimi sili atu ono maua pe a lipotia e le au taʻaloga ia ituaiga uma o aʻafiaga leaga. Na matou maitauina le tutusa sootaga i le va o le DAS faʻalelei ma le le mautonu o le olaga moni ma talafatu. I le auala lava e tasi, tagata taaalo oe na lagona o guilds manaʻomia taimi ma faia mamafa faʻasologa na masani ona i le DAS+ kulupu O nei lagona e mafai ona faʻamatalaina e le manaʻoga e auai i se guild e alualu i luma i le taʻaloga, ia ausia tulaga maualuga. E masani ona faʻatautaia e osofaʻiga osofaʻi ma isi gaioiga manaʻomia ai ni fuafuaga, ma e mafai ai ona faʻatupuina se lagona o le faʻatauaina o le au usufono.47]. O nisi guilds filifilia sui e sili ona avanoa ma ua leva ona taʻalo, ma le faʻamoemoe o le tauva ma isi guilds. E le gata i lea, na matou maitauina o guilds puipuia tagata taaalo, ona o le aʻafiaga o le DAS positivity na faʻateleina i tagata taaalo na lagona na faia e guilds manaʻoga i latou taimi faʻatusatusa i tagata taaalo latou te leʻi lagonaina lenei. I le iuga, tusa ai ma faaletonu lautele, DAS+ kulupu kulupu na foliga mai na o atu i fafo, vaʻai toalaiti uo, maua faʻaipoipoga, aiga, galuega ma tautupe faigata ma faʻafitia i latou lava o faʻatau tatau e taʻalo ai, pei ona maitauina i isi vaisu.

I le vaʻai atu i nei iʻuga, o lenei suʻesuʻega faʻailoaina le mea moni e faapea DAS foliga lelei lelei laina meafaigaluega mo le siakiina o tagata taaalo oe ono ono afaina i le initaneti soʻoga taʻaloga. Gamers ma nisi o uiga na taʻua i luga e le tatau ona fai ma vaisu ae foliga mai na i ai i se tele lamatiaga o vaisu. Mai se vaaiga lautele mo le soifua maloloina, o lea na taua ai le faailoaina o lenei faitau aofaʻi ina ia mafai ona faamatala le mea na tupu i le lava auiliiliga.

faaiuga

O lenei suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega na maua ai sosaiete-faʻamaumauga faʻamaumauga i se tele faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata matutua i luga o le upega tafaʻilagi na faʻaaogaina MMORPG tagata taʻalo, ma faʻataʻitaʻia se mea faigaluega mo le faʻamautinoaina o le tulaga lamatia mafuaʻaga mo le taʻaloga video. O a matou iʻuga ua faʻamaonia ai le manaʻomia o le faʻatuina o polokalame e puipuia ai le soifua maloloina e pei o le puipuia i luga ole Initaneti mo le sauaina o le MMORPG ma le Nofoaga Autu mo Vaisu i luga ole laiga, e pei ona amataina e Young, e aofia ai ma talanoaga i luga ole laiga (http://www.netaddiction.com) ma togafitiga e pei o le mafaufau faʻapitoa amioga togafitiga [48].

List of abbreviations

APA: American Psychiatric Association; CI: Talitonuga Faʻavasega; DAS: DSM-IV-TR vailaʻau faʻalagolago fuataga fesuiai mo MMORPG; DSM-IV-TR: Tusi faʻamaonia o suʻesuʻega ma Fuainumera Faʻafitauli o Faʻafitauli o le Mafaufau, Lona Fa o Lomiga o Tusitusiga-Tusitusiga; GIAD: Goldberg Initaneti Initaneti Faʻataʻitaʻi; IA: Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu; IAT: Suʻega o Vaisu i Initaneti; IP: Initaneti Faʻavae; ISS: Le Initaneti Faʻamalosi Fua o Orman; MMORPG: Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game; PIU: Faʻafitauli Initaneti Faʻaoga; PVP: Faʻafitauli Videogame Taʻalo; PO: Faʻataʻitaʻi o Faʻailoga SD: Standard Deviation; WHO: Faʻalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi; WoW: Lalolagi o Warcraft®

Tauvaga fiafia

Fai mai tusitala e leai ni a latou tauvaga.

Fesoasoani a le au tusitala

SA, FM ma EH fuafuaina, fuafuaina le suʻesuʻega ma tusia le maliega faʻapitoa. SA, MN ma BT faʻatautaia le mauaina o faʻamatalaga. JM, PV ma DS suʻesuʻe tusitusiga. MN, FM, EH, PG faʻatautaia faʻamatalaga ma faʻamatalaina o faʻamatalaga. Na faia e le FM suʻesuʻega faʻafuainumera. SA ma MN na tusia le ata muamua o tusitusiga. EH ma PG faʻatautaia le suʻesuʻega. O tusitala uma na fesoasoani i le toe iloiloina taua o tusitusiga ma ua faamaonia le vaega mulimuli.

Faʻasalalau faʻasolopito

O le faʻasalalauga faʻasalalau mo lenei pepa e mafai ona maua iinei:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/144/prepub

Faʻafetai ma faʻatupeina

Matou te faʻafetai tele i le MMORPG gamer community ma le lagolago malosi a guilds, ana le seanoa lenei suʻesuʻega semanu e le mafai. Matou te fia faʻafetai faʻapitoa ia Alexandra Gosse, le guild master (Illidan server) ma le webdesigner o lenei poloketi, ma Frances Sheppard (INSERM CIC, Besançon) mo lana fesoasoani i le tusiaina o tusitusiga. O lenei suʻesuʻega e leʻi faʻatupeina ma lagolagoina e le Iunivesite Falemai o Besançon (Farani) ma le lugalaina lagolago mai le Besançon Clinical Investigation Center.

mau faasino

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