Faʻateleina le faʻaaogaina o le Dopamine Transporters i Tagata e iai Faʻafitauli I le Initaneti (2012)

FA'AALIGA: Su'esu'e su'esu'ega tau su'esu'ega fa'asologa o le dopamine transporter tulaga i vaisu Initaneti (IAD). Na faʻatusatusaina tulaga i se vaega faʻatonutonu o latou tagata na faʻaogaina le Initaneti. Tulaga o le dopamine felauaiga i mataupu ma vaisu i luga ole Initaneti e faʻatusatusa i latou o loʻo i ai fualaau faʻasaina. O le faʻaitiitia o le dopamine felauaiga o se faʻailoga o vaisu. E fa'ailoa mai ai le leiloa o fa'ai'uga neura e fa'asa'oloto ai le dopamine.

O le mea e malie ai, o lenei suʻesuʻega a Saina o loʻo taʻu mai ai o ponokalafi o se tasi o le 3 faʻaoga tetele na faʻaaogaina e mataupu ma le IAD.

Journal of Biomedicine ma Biotechnology

Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 854524, 5 itulau

doi:10.1155/2012/854524

Haifeng Hou,1,2,3,4 Shaowe Jia,5 Shu Hu,5 Rong Fan,5 Wen Sun,5 Taotao Sun,5 ma Hong Zhang1,2,3,4

1Matagaluega o Vailaau Faaniukilia, Falema'i Fa'afeso'ota'i Lua a le Aoga Fa'afoma'i a le Iunivesite o Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, Saina

2Zhejiang Iunivesite Fomai PET Nofoaga Autu, Hangzhou 310009, Saina

3Inisitituti o Vailaau Faaniukilia ma Faʻataʻitaʻiga Molecular, Iunivesite o Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310009, Saina

4Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Saina

5Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 310009, Saina

Maua 5 Ianuari 2012; Taliaina 31 Ianuari 2012

Fa'atonu A'oga: Mei Tian

Puletaofia © 2012 Haifeng Hou et al. Ole tala lea ole avanoa tatala fa'asalalauina ile Creative Commons Attribution License, lea e fa'ataga ai le fa'aogaina e le fa'atulafonoina, tufatufaina, ma le toe gaosia i so'o se ala, pe a fa'apea o le ulua'i galuega e fa'asino sa'o.

lē faʻatino

I tausaga talu ai nei, ua sili atu le taatele o le le atoatoa i le initaneti (IAD) i le lalolagi atoa ma ua televave le iloa o lona aafiaga faataumaoia i luga o tagata faaaoga ma sosaiete.. Ae ui i lea, o le neurobiological mechanism of IAD e leʻi faʻaalia atoatoa. O le suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei na fuafuaina e iloa ai pe o le striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) maualuga na fuaina e le 99mTc-TRODAT-1 tasi photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) suʻesuʻega faiʻai na suia i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le IAD. O suʻesuʻega ole faiʻai a le SPECT na maua ile 5 male IAD mataupu ma le 9 soifua maloloina faʻatusatusa tausaga. O le voluma (V) ma le mamafa (W) o le bilateral corpus striatum faʻapea foʻi ma le 99mTc-TRODAT-1 uptake ratio o le corpus striatum / le faiʻai atoa (Ra) na fuafuaina e faʻaaoga ai faʻataʻitaʻiga o le matematika. E na faʻaalia o le DAT expression level of striatum na matua faʻaititia ma o le V, W, ma Ra na faʻaititia tele i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le IAD pe a faʻatusatusa i pulega. Ile tu'ufa'atasia, o nei fa'ai'uga e ta'u mai ai e mafai e le IAD ona fa'aleagaina le fai'ai ma o su'esu'ega o le neuroimaging o lo'o fa'aalia atili ai le IAD e feso'ota'i ma fa'aletonu i faiga fai'ai dopaminergic. O a matou suʻesuʻega e lagolagoina ai le faʻapea e mafai e le IAD ona faʻasoa faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ma isi faʻafitauli o mea ua fai ma vaisu.

1. faʻatomuaga

O le faʻaogaina o le initaneti ua faʻalauteleina i le lalolagi atoa i nai tausaga talu ai. O le initaneti e maua ai avanoa mamao i isi ma tele faʻamatalaga i vaega uma e fiafia i ai. HAe ui i lea, o le faʻaogaina o le initaneti ua iʻu ai i le faʻaleagaina o le soifua manuia o le mafaufau o le tagata, le manuia o aʻoaʻoga, ma le faʻaitiitia o le faʻatinoga o galuega ma, aemaise lava le taʻitaʻia o le initaneti o vaisu maʻi. (IAD) [1-4]. IAD na muamua siitia i le 1990s [5] ma e tusa ai ma le faauigaga a le Beard o le IAD, “e fai ma vaisu se tagata pe a faaletonu le tulaga o le mafaufau o se tagata, lea e aofia uma ai le mafaufau ma lagona, faapea foi ma a latou fegalegaleaiga faaleaoaoga, galuega, ma agafesootai, ua faaletonu i le soona faaaogaina o le auala. ” [6]

I tausaga talu ai nei, ua sili atu ona taatele le IAD i le lalolagi atoa; ua vave ona fa'atupula'ia le fa'ailoaina o lona a'afiaga leaga i tagata fa'aoga ma sosaiete [7]. O le mea taua, o suʻesuʻega talu ai nei na maua ai le faʻaleagaina o le IAD e tutusa ma isi ituaiga o faʻafitauli o mea ua fai ma vaisu, e pei o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻaleagaina ma le pathological gambling [7-10]. PO tagata o loʻo aʻafia i le IAD na faʻaalia foliga faʻapitoa e pei o le tuʻinanau, faʻamavae ma le faapalepale [7, 8], fa'ateleina le fa'amalosi [9], ma le faaletonu o le faatinoga o le mafaufau i galuega e aafia ai le faia o faaiuga lamatia [10].

E tutusa ma faʻalavelave i le dopaminergic neural system i tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo iai vaisu e fesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau [11], o le matafaioi a le dopaminergic neural system i le IAD ua faʻamalamalamaina foi i nai suʻesuʻega. [12-14]. I se suʻesuʻega talu ai nei, na maua ai e tagata e iai le IAD ua suia le metabolism o le kulukose i le tele o faiʻai e aofia ai vaega tetele o le dopamine e pei o le striatum ma le orbitofrontal region. [12]. ME le gata i lea, o se isi suʻesuʻega na maua ai o tupulaga talavou e faʻateleina polymorphisms i genes coding mo le dopamine D2 receptor ma le dopamine degradation enzyme na sili atu ona aʻafia i le tele o taaloga i luga ole laiga pe a faʻatusatusa i se faʻasologa o tausaga e tutusa ai. [14]. I se suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga (PET), faʻaititia le maualuga o le dopamine D2 receptor i vaevaega o le striatum e aofia ai le lua pito i tua ma le saʻo putamen na maua i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le IAD. [13]. I le tuʻufaʻatasia, o nei suʻesuʻega o loʻo fautua mai ai o le IAD e mafai foi ona mafua ona o le faaletonu o le dopaminergic neural system e tutusa ma vaisu e fesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau.15].

Dopamine transporter (DAT) o se porotini o loʻo i totonu o le presynaptic terminal ma striatal DAT e nafa ma le gaioiga o le dopamine reuptake i totonu o le neuron presynaptic ma e iai sona sao taua i le faʻatonutonuina o le maualuga o le dopamine synaptic.16-18]. O suiga o le DAT i totonu o le striatum pe a maeʻa le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau masani na lipotia muamua [19-24]. Ae ui i lea, pe o iai foi le faaletonu o le DAT i le IAD e leʻi faʻaalia muamua.

I tausaga talu ai nei, o faʻataʻitaʻiga o le DAT ua faʻaaogaina e avea o se meafaigaluega taua i totonu o falemaʻi e faʻaalia ai suiga i le fausaga o faiʻai o tagata mamaʻi ma vaisu e fesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau.21-24]. E le gata i lea, o le radiotracer 99mTc-TRODAT-1, a technetium-99m (99mTc) fa'ailoga tropane fa'atupu (technetium,2-[[2-[[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl))-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3, 2, 1] oct-2-yl]-methyl]( 2-mercaptoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3-)]-oxo-[1R-(exo-exo)]-), ua manatu o se mea saogalemu ma talafeagai mo ata mo le mataituina o le tulaga DAT mo suesuega ata tagata [21, 25, 26]. I le suʻesuʻega nei, na matou faʻaogaina le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o le photon emission tomography (SPECT) faʻatasi ma le radiotracer 99mTc-TRODAT-1 e suʻesuʻe striatal DAT density e iloa ai faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi i mataupu IAD pe a faʻatusatusa i le soifua maloloina faʻatusatusa tausaga. O lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻamoemoe e faʻataʻitaʻi le manatu o le suiga o le avanoa o le DAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma le pathogenesis o le IAD.

2. Mea ma Metotia

2.1. Fa'ailoga Fa'atonu a le IAD

Na suʻesuʻeina le IAD e faʻaaoga ai le Young's Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADDQ) [4] ma Goldberg's Internet addictive Disorder Diagnostic Criteria (IADDC) [27]. O fesili uma a le IADDQ ma le IADDC na faaliliuina i le gagana Saina. Ina ia agavaa, o tagata auai i le vaega IAD na faʻamaonia e lima pe sili atu "ioe" tali i fesili e valu a le IADDQ ma faʻamalieina le tolu poʻo le sili atu o le IADDC (ie, faapalepale, aveese, manaʻo ma le faʻaaogaina, le faʻaitiitia le faʻaaogaina, fa'aoga tele, ositaulagaina o gaioiga fa'aagafesootai e fa'aoga, ma fa'afitauli fa'aletino ma le mafaufau e feso'ota'i ma le fa'aoga).

2.2. Mataupu

E toalima alii (o lona uiga ± SD, 20.40 ± 2.30 tausaga) faʻatasi ai ma le IAD na filifilia faʻafuaseʻi mai tagata mamaʻi o loʻo sailia togafitiga i le Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. Tna fa'aogaina e mataupu IAD le initaneti toetoe lava o aso uma, ma fa'aalu le silia ma le 8 itula (o lona uiga±SD, 10.20 ± 1.48 itula) i aso uma i luma o le mataʻituina, tele mo le talatalanoa ma uo i luga ole laiga, taʻalo i luga o le initaneti, ma matamata i ponokalafi i luga ole laiga poʻo ata tifaga matutua. O nei mataupu sa masani muamua ile initaneti ile amataga ole latou talavou (o lona uiga ole tausaga ± SD, 12.80 ± 1.92 tausaga) ma sa i ai faʻamatalaga ole IAD mo le sili atu i le 6 tausaga. (o lona uiga ± SD, 7.60 ± 1.52 tausaga).

E iva tausaga e tutusa tausaga (o lona uiga ± SD, 20.44 ± 1.13 tausaga) na fa'afaigaluegaina e ala i fa'asalalauga na auai i lenei su'esu'ega. E leai se eseesega faʻafuainumera na maua mo tausaga o tagata auai i le va o vaega e lua (P = 0.96). O tagata auai i le vaega faʻatonutonu na faʻaaogaina le Initaneti i nisi taimi pe masani ae faʻaalu e le sili atu i le 5 itula i le aso i luga o le laina (o lona uiga ± SD, 3.81 ± 0.76 itula) ma e leʻi faʻamalieina tulaga faʻamaonia o le IAD [4, 27].

O i latou uma na fa'aulufaleina o ni tagata tautala fa'aSaina, e le'i fa'aaogaina ni vaila'au fa'asolitulafono (o nisi taimi, e ulaula pe inu ava malosi, ae leai se tasi oi latou e ausia tulaga fa'amaonia o fa'ama'i e a'afia ai vaila'au.28]), e leai se tala fa'asolopito o fa'ama'i fa'apitoa fa'afoma'i, neura po'o le mafaufau, ma sa lima taumatau. O i latou uma na auai na tuʻuina atu le faʻatagaina tusitusia faʻamaonia aʻo leʻi auai pe a maeʻa ona faʻamalamalamaina atoatoa le natura o le faʻatinoga, e aofia ai aʻafiaga ma aʻafiaga. O faʻataʻitaʻiga uma mo lenei suʻesuʻega na faʻamaonia e le komiti o amio a le Peking University Shenzhen Hospital.

2.3. Ata

TRODAT-1 ligand (suavai) na tuʻuina atu e le Matagaluega o Chemistry, Beijing Normal University (Beijing, Saina). Le su'esu'e leitio 99mTc-TRODAT-1, 740MBq (20mCi) ma le mama> 90% na faʻapipiʻiina e pei ona faʻamatalaina muamua [25]. Ma su'esu'e SPECT ma 99mTc-TRODAT-1 na faʻatinoina i le faʻaaogaina o le Siemens DIACAM / E.CAM / ICON lua vaʻaia SPECT faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o mea uma (Siemens, Erlangen, Siamani). O le auala ata na faia e pei ona faʻamatalaina muamua [25, 29]. O mataupu na tui ile tui ile 740MBq (20mCi) o 99mTc-TRODAT-1. Na faia ata ata 2.5h ina ua uma le pulega o 99mTc-TRODAT-1. O fa'atauga fa'atau e aofia ai 64 va'aiga ile 18s i le vaaiga ma le 128 × 128 matrix i luga o le 360 ​​° ma le taamilosaga i le 5.6 ° faʻaopoopoga. Na fa'aogaina le fa'afoliga toe fa'alava i fa'amaumauga mata'utia. Ona faʻaaogaina lea o se faamama a Butterworth ma se faʻatonuga o le 15 ma le tipiina o le 0.33 Nyquist frequency. O le faʻasaʻoina o le Photon na faia i le faʻaogaina o le auala muamua a Chang e faʻaoga ai le faʻaogaina o le 0.15.cm-1 [30]. O le mafiafia o ata felafolafoa'i e 2.7mm (1 pika). O ata uma na fa'agasolo ma toe fa'aleleia e fa'aaoga ai le faiga lava e tasi.

2.4. Iloiloga o Ata

Sa faia su'esu'ega ata e fa'aaoga ai le polokalame fa'aitulagi o le E-Cam. Itulagi o tului (ROIs) na tusia i luga o le 12 ata felafolafoaʻi, na maua mai pixels ma faʻataunuʻuina le faitau aofaʻi o le faiʻai atoa ma le bilateral corpus striatum. Ole leo (V) ma le mamafa (W) o le bilateral corpus striatum faʻapea foʻi ma le fua faatatau o le corpus striatum / le faiʻai atoa (Ra) na fuafuaina e faʻaaoga ai faʻataʻitaʻiga o le matematika e pei ona faʻamatalaina i le pepa muamua [21, 31].

2.5. Faʻamatalaga o Faʻamatalaga

O faʻamaumauga i le pepa o loʻo tuʻuina atu e pei o le ± standard (mean ± SD). Polokalama Fuainumera mo le Social Sciences mo Windows, version 11 (SPSS 13.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) na faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai faʻamaumauga. O eseesega i le va o vaega sa su'esu'eina e le Student's t-suega. Mo su'ega uma na fa'atinoina, o le fa'ata'ita'iga mo le taua na fa'atulaga ile P <0.05.

3. Iʻuga

O ata o le DAT o le bilateral corpus striatum i le vaega e pulea na faʻaalia ai se panda-mata foliga ma DATs sa tufatufaina tutusa ma tutusa i le corpus striatum. O le bilateral corpus striatum sa tu i luga ole 8-12 layers, e pei ona faʻaalia ile Ata 1(b). Ae ui i lea, o ata DAT o mataupu IAD na faʻaalia ai tulaga eseese o le faʻaleagaina, lea na sili atu ai ona laʻititi le tino o le tino ma faʻaalia foliga eseese, dumbbell, mea manifinifi, foliga o le masina, poʻo se mea faʻasolosolo (Ata 1(a)).

Ata 1 

(a,b) sui 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT ata o se mataupu IAD pe a faʻatusatusa i se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalesoifua maloloina e tutusa tausaga ((a) se mataupu IAD tane 20-tausaga; (b) o se tane 20-tausaga le matua pulea maloloina). O le itu tauagavale agavale o lo'o i le itu taumatau o le ata. Le mataupu IAD ...

E pei ona faʻaalia i Ata 1 ma Laulau 1, DAT faʻaaliga maualuga o le striatum na matua faʻaititia i mataupu IAD. I se faapuupuuga, pe a faʻatusatusa i faʻatonuga, e matua maualalo lava tau o V (cm3), W (g) ma le Ra o le corpus striatum i le vaega IAD, o loʻo fautua mai e faʻaitiitia 99mTc-TRODAT-1 noatia i le DAT poʻo le faʻaleagaina faʻapea foʻi ma le faʻaleagaina o le corpus striatum na tupu. E leai se eseesega fa'afuainumera na maua e fa'atusatusa V or W o le bilateral corpus striatum (itu agavale ma le itu taumatau) pe i le vaega IAD (P = 0.67 ma P = 0.68 resp.) poʻo i le vaega faʻatonutonuina o le soifua maloloina (P = 0.10 ma P = 0.11 tali).

Laulau 1  

Fa'atusatusaga o le corpus striatum V(cm3), W(g), ma le Ra i le va o mataupu IAD ma pulega.

4. Talanoaga

O le IAD na mafua ai le faʻaleagaina o le soifua manuia o le mafaufau o le tagata lava ia, le manuia o aʻoaʻoga, ma le faʻaitiitia o galuega, aemaise lava i tupulaga talavou. [1-4]. Ae ui i lea, e leai se togafitiga faʻapitoa e faʻatatau mo le IAD. Mo le atinaʻeina o auala lelei mo le faʻaogaina ma le togafitiga o le IAD, o le a manaʻomia muamua le faʻamautuina o se malamalamaga manino o le neurobiological mechanisms. I le suʻesuʻega nei, matou te iloiloina le maualuga o le faʻaaliga DAT i mataupu IAD ma le faʻaogaina o le soifua maloloina 99mTc-TRODAT-1 VAEGA. Na matou iloa o le DAT expression level of striatum na matua faʻaititia ma le tau o V, W, ma Ra o le corpus striatum i mataupu IAD na matua faʻaititia. O faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga na maua ai le faʻamaoniga tuusaʻo o le suiga o le avanoa o le DAT i le faiʻai o tagata ma le IAD.

O DAT e taua tele i le faʻatonutonuina o le maualuga o le synaptic dopamine [16-18] ma ua faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻailoga o le dopamine terminals [32]. Ole fa'aititia ole numera ole cell membrane DATs e ono atagia mai ai le fa'ailoina ole striatal dopamine terminal gau po'o le fai'ai dopaminergic fa'aletonu galuega lea na maua i vaisu e feso'otai i vaila'au. [21-23]. O suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga PET ua maua ai le faʻateleina o le tuʻuina atu o le dopamine i le striatum i le taimi o le taaloga vitio [33]. O tagata maʻi i taaloga faitupe faʻapitoa na faʻaalia foi le maualuga o le dopamine i le ventral striatum i le taimi o taaloga faitupe [34]. Ona o le faateleina o le dopamine extracellular i le striatum e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻamatalaga autu o le taui (maualuga, euphoria) [11, 35], o tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le IAD e mafai foi ona oʻo i le euphoria aʻo faʻateleina le dopamine extracellular i le striatum. Ae ui i lea, o taimi umi ma maualuga maualuga o le dopamine ua faʻaalia e mafua ai se faʻamaʻi filifilia o le dopamine terminals [32, 36] ma faʻaititia le tele o tino sela dopaminergic [20]. Faʻatasi, o le faʻaitiitia o DAT o loʻo maua i la matou suʻesuʻega e mafai ona faʻaalia ai le faʻaleagaina o le neuropathologic i le dopaminergic neural system e mafua mai i le IAD.

E tusa ai ma lo matou iloa, o le suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua lea e suʻesuʻe ai le faʻaletonu o le DAT i le faiʻai o mataupu IAD. E le gata i lea, o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo i ai nei e maua ai faʻamaoniga faʻamaonia o le faʻaogaina o le initaneti mo se taimi umi e ono mafua ai ni faʻafitauli matuia. Ae ui i lea, mo le faʻamalamalamaina atoatoa o taunuʻuga o le suʻesuʻega o loʻo iai nei, e tatau ona matauina nisi tapulaʻa. Muamua, o le la'ititi la'ititi o la tatou su'esu'ega e ono fa'atapula'aina ai le fa'alauteleina o a tatou fa'ai'uga. O na mafutaga lelei i la matou suʻesuʻega atonu na mafua ona o se avanoa poʻo se faʻamaʻi faʻapitoa i le aoina o faʻataʻitaʻiga, ma e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega i faʻataʻitaʻiga tutoʻatasi poʻo se faitau aofaʻi tele. Lona lua, o mataupu IAD i le suʻesuʻega o loʻo lipotia mai ai gaioiga eseese e manaʻomia pe a latou nonofo i luma o le mataʻituina (e aofia ai le talatalanoa ma uo i luga ole laiga, taʻalo i luga o le initaneti, matamata i ponokalafi i luga o le initaneti poʻo ata tifaga matutua, ma isi). E le mafai e a matou suʻesuʻega ona iloa pe o ituaiga eseese o amioga i luga ole Initaneti e mafai ona mafua ai suiga ole DAT ole faiʻai. O le mea lea, o le suʻesuʻega o loʻo iai nei e naʻo le suʻesuʻeina ma le tulaga muamua, ma e tatau ona faia nisi suʻesuʻega aʻo leʻi maua le faʻaiuga sili ona mautinoa.

5. Faaiuga

O taunuʻuga mai lenei suʻesuʻega o loʻo tuʻuina atu ai faʻamaoniga e mafai e le IAD ona faʻaosoina le tele o le DAT i le faiʻai ma o nei suʻesuʻega e taʻu mai ai o le IAD e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻalavelave i totonu o le faiʻai o le dopaminergic ma e ogatasi ma lipoti talu ai i ituaiga eseese o vaisu pe i ai pe leai ni vailaʻau.21-23, 37]. O a matou suʻesuʻega e lagolagoina ai le faʻamatalaga e mafai e le IAD ona faʻasoa tutusa faʻalavelave faʻaleagaina o le neurobiological ma isi faʻafitauli o mea ua fai ma vaisu [15].

Fesoasoani a le tusitala

E tutusa le sao o H. Hou ma S. Jia i lenei galuega.

tautinoga

O lenei galuega o loʻo lagolagoina e le foaʻi mai le Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation o Saina (Z2110230), Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province (2010ZA075, 2011ZDA013), National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (nu. 81101023, 81170306, 81173468), Matagaluega o Saienisi ma Tekonolosi a Saina (2011CB504400, 2012BAI13B06).

mau faasino

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