Suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻega ma felafolafoaiga i luga o faafitauli tau taaloga (2019)

. 2019; 32 (3): e100071.
Lomia i luga o le initaneti 2019 Jul 18. Tui: 10.1136 / gpsych-2019-100071
PMCID: PMC6678059
PMID: 31423477

lē faʻatino

Ole faʻaletonu ole taʻaloga ua avea ma faʻafitauli taua ile soifua maloloina ole mafaufau. E ui o taʻaloga o se taua ituaiga o faʻafiafiaga, tele taʻaloga ono mafua ai ogaoga taunuuga mo tagata taʻalo. I le taimi nei, o loʻo i ai lava feteʻenaʻiga i le aʻoaʻoga nuu e uiga i le lautele o soifua maloloina faʻafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma taʻaloga le atoatoa. Lenei tusitusiga taumafai e faʻamatalaina le faʻamatalaga, epidemiology, aetiology, faʻamaoniga, togafitiga ma le puipuia o taʻaloga faʻaletonu, ina ia mafai ai ona saofaga i le lumanaʻi faʻavasegaina o taʻaloga le atoatoa.

uputatala: faaletonu taʻaloga, faʻamaoniga, togafitiga, puipuiga

Faʻauigaina ma le faʻateleina o taʻaloga le atoatoa

O le faʻaletonu o le taʻaloga o loʻo faʻamatalaina o se amioga le lelei i le taʻaloga o loʻo faʻaalia e le leiloa o le taʻaloga ma le aofaʻi o taimi e faʻaalu ai le taʻaloga, ma mafua ai ona tuʻuina atu isi fiafia ma gaioiga i aso taʻitasi i le taʻaloga. Tusa lava pe i ai ni leaga le lelei, amioga amioga faʻaauau pe faʻaauau pea ona faʻateleina. Mo le faʻamaoniga o taʻaloga le atoatoa, o le taʻaloga amioga faʻataʻitaʻiga e tatau ona lava le matuia mo le le itiiti ifo i le 12 masina e mafua ai afaina tele i le tagata lava ia olaga, aiga, agafesootai, aʻoaʻoga, polofesa, poʻo isi taua vaega o gaioiga.

'O le lipoti faʻafuainumera i luga o le atinaʻeina o le initaneti i Saina' na faʻailoa mai ai o Saina na 486 miliona tagata taaalo initaneti taʻaloga i le masina o Iuni 2018, e maua ai le 60.6% o tagata uma e initaneti. O se iloiloga faʻatulagaina lata mai o faʻamaʻi epidemiological i taʻaloga faʻaletonu maua ai o le taatele o taʻaloga faʻaletonu o 0.7% -27.5%, ma sa tele lava i totonu o aliʻi talavou. O le isi kulupu na faʻatautaia se suʻesuʻega o suʻesuʻega e 36 i Saina, e aofia ai le 362 328 initaneti. O le taatele o le faaletonu o taʻaloga i luga ole laiga i Saina e 3.5% −17%. O le faʻateleina o faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga i Europa ma Amerika sa maualalo lava, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le USA e tusa ma le 0.3% -1.0%, ma Siamani e 1.16%.

Mafuaʻaga ma ono auala o faʻafitauli tau faʻaletonu

O le mafuaʻaga o faʻaletonu faʻafitauli e leʻo malamalama atoatoa. Ole tele o suʻesuʻega faʻailoa mai o mea nei ono ono aofia ai: muamua, o le taʻaloga o loʻo iai i totonu taui polokalama atonu o le mafuaʻaga lea o le taʻaloga o faʻalavelave. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, tele taʻaloga, aemaise taʻaloga tetele i luga o le upega tafailagi taʻaloga-taʻalo, faʻalagolago i le 'compulsion loop', o se taʻamilosaga o gaioiga e aofia ai le faʻamanuiaina o le tagata taalo ma unaʻia latou e faʻaauau i seisi taʻamilosaga, taofia i latou i le taʻaloga. Tele o tama taʻaʻalo e mumusu e faʻamavae le taʻaloga ona ua latou tauia i le taʻaloga. O le faʻamoemoe o lenei ituaiga o taui e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le dopamine i le faiʻai, faʻagaoioia le taui polokalama ma, a maua loa le tama taʻaʻalo, e mafai foʻi ona avea ma mausa i le taimi umi. Lenei faiga e tutusa ma le neurobiological faiga o faʻaletonu faaletonu. Ma le isi, i le tafailagi lalolagi fausiaina e le taʻaloga, le tagata ma faʻaletonu faaletonu mafai ona mauaina le mautinoa ma le faʻamalieina e le mafai ona mauaina i le moni lalolagi. I se faʻaopopoga, maualuga testosterone avega ono avea ma se tulaga lamatia vaega mo tagata matutua ma faʻaletonu faaletonu. E iai suʻesuʻega e faʻaalia ai genetisi tulaga, ulugaliʻi tulaga, talaʻaga o le sauaina ma faʻatiga, auala o aʻoga, talaʻaga o faʻalemafaufau faʻaletonu, numera o tagata, uiga ma mafaufauga mafaufau, aiga ma agafesoʻotaʻi itu, ma mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le taʻaloga (e pei o taʻaloga ituaiga ma taʻaloga poto masani) faia se taua taua i taʻaloga le atoatoa.

Faʻailoaina o faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga

E leai lava se maliega i luga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga aiaiga mo taʻaloga le atoatoa. Ole tele o faʻataʻitaʻiga na fuafuaina muamua mo faʻaletonu ole taʻaloga sa tai tutusa ma le fa lomiga ole Diagnostic ma le Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder '(DSM-IV) e faʻamaonia ai vailaʻau ile faʻaogaina o vailaʻau, lea na faʻamoemoe ile fua ma fesili.

I le Me 2013, o le DSM-5 na faʻatuina e le American Psychiatric Association e leʻi aofia ai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga. Na talitonuina e le lava molimau e faʻavasegaina ai o se faʻaletonu o le mafaufau, ae o le tulaga fuafuaina mo faʻaletonu faʻaletonu na tuʻuina i le faʻaopoopoga o DSM-5 o se 'togafitiga togafitiga manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega'. O le toe iloiloina atamamai o le DSM-5 na ioeina o le faaletonu o le taʻaloga o le a i ai se aafiaga leaga i tagata mamaʻi ma olaga lautele. O le mea lea, na latou faʻaavanoaina pea iva faʻataʻitaʻiga aiaiga mo taʻaloga le atoatoa, ma talitonu o le feiloaʻi i le lima o le iva o aiaiga i le aluga o le 12 masina e manaʻomia se faʻamaoniga o taʻaloga le atoatoa. O na taiala e iva o mea ia: (1) taulaʻi atoa i le taʻaloga; (2) pe a taofi le taʻaloga, auga e pei o le popole ma itaitagofie foliga mai; (3) o le taimi faʻaalu i taʻaloga taʻaloga e faasolosolo lava ina faʻateleina; (4) i latou ei ai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga e le mafai ona faʻaititia le aofaʻi o taimi faʻaalu i le taʻaloga ma le mafai ona tuʻua le taʻaloga; (5) tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma faʻaletonu gasegase o le a tuʻuina isi gaioiga ma leiloa le fiafia i isi mea fiafia i ai; (6) tusa lava pe malamalama le tagata o le taʻaloga e i ai se aafiaga le lelei i le olaga, latou te taulaʻi pea i le taʻaloga; (7) o le a nana e le tagata le aofaʻi o taimi taʻalo mai tagata o lona aiga poʻo isi; (8) faʻamamaina lagona le lelei e pei o le tausalaina, faʻanoanoa, ma isi tulaga, ona o taʻaloga taʻaloga o le a iai; ma le (9) leiloa o gaioiga i galuega, suʻesuʻega poʻo le soifuaga lautele ona o taʻaloga. E tatau ona faʻailoa atu e naʻo le DSM-5 na tuʻuina atu ni faʻataʻitaʻiga lelei mo le le atoatoa o taʻaloga i luga ole laiga.

Ia Iuni 2018, na faaaofia ai e le WHO le faaletonu o taʻaloga i le mataupu o vailaʻau ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu i le 11th lomiga o le International Classification of Diseases and related Health Problems (ICD-11). Na latou lisiina aiaiga faʻataʻitaʻi pei o nei: (1) faʻalavelave i le taʻaloga e faigata ona faʻatonutonu mo le sili atu i le 12 masina; (2) o le tikeri o le pupula i le taʻaloga e maualuga atu nai lo isi aia, ma mafua ai le faʻaititia o aso uma gaioiga; ma le (3) tusa lava pe o mataala se tasi i le leaga le afaina, o le taʻaloga amioga faʻaauau pe faʻateleina. Peitai, o le gaioiga a le WHO na mafua ai le tetee mai nisi sikola ma sui o le Game Association. Latou te talitonu o le faʻavasegaina o taʻaloga faʻaletonu le lava le faʻasaienisi faʻavae, ma e le o manino pe o taʻaloga faʻaletonu e mafua mai i taʻaloga gaioiga latou pe o aafia i isi faʻamaʻi. O se faʻamaoniga e ono mafua ai le faʻailoga tagata mo le tele o taʻaloga taʻaloga. I le taimi nei, e tele le le mautonu e uiga i taʻaloga faʻaletonu i le tele o auala, atonu e sese ai le au taaalo masani mo i latou e faaletonu le taʻaloga, ma o lea e ono mafua ai le tele o faʻamaoniga ma togafitiga.

I le taimi nei, e i ai uma tutusa ma eseesega i le lua diagnostic system mo taʻaloga le atoatoa. O manatu lava ia e tasi o loʻo faʻamamafaina ai le le gaoia amio taʻalo faʻataʻitaʻi i totonu o le 12 masina, ma ua mafua ai ni faʻafitauli ogaoga i se olaga totino ma le va fealoaʻi, ma isi. E ui lava i le tutusa o mafaufauga faanaunauga, faʻapalepale ma faʻaui i tua faʻailoga i le vailaʻau faʻaaogaina le atoatoa, o tagata taʻitasi o le a faʻaauau a latou soʻoga taʻaloga o le taʻaloga. O eseesega o: (1) ICD-11 tuʻufaʻatasia faaletonu taʻaloga i totonu o le vailaʻau ma amioga le atoatoa mataupu, e aofia ai ituaiga taʻaloga ituaiga e pei o luga o le initoneti taʻaloga, offline taʻaloga, poʻo isi le faʻamatalaina taʻaloga. DSM-5 tuʻufaʻatasia faʻaletonu faʻafitauli i totonu o le mataupu i falemai fagotaga e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega, faʻamamafaina naʻo luga o le initaneti taʻaloga. (2) ICD-11 o loʻo iai le faʻavasegaga faʻavasegaina o le mataʻutia le faʻaaogaina o taʻaloga, ae o lenei faʻavasega faʻavasegaina e le o vaʻaia i le DSM-5. (3) ICD-11 o se taʻiala faʻataʻitaʻi. O loʻo faʻailoa mai ai le faʻamaoniga ma le eseʻesega faʻamaʻi o le faʻaletonu o le taʻaloga ma maua ai le lelei o taʻiala mo faʻamaoniga. DSM-5 o se tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi. Tasi mafai ona faʻamaonia i se faʻaletonu faʻafitauli e ala i le feiloaʻi i le lima pe sili atu i le iva aiaiga. E le gata i lea, o tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi o le DSM-5 e sili atu ona auiliiliina nai lo le ICD-11, o lona uiga e lelei lona faʻagaioiga. (4) DSM-5 o loʻo talanoaina foi le taatele, faʻamaoniga, aʻafiaga tulaga, eseʻese faʻamaoniga ma comorbidity o initaneti taʻaloga le atoatoa.

Togafitiga o faaletonu taʻaloga

O le tele o taʻaloga e mafai ona faʻaleagaina ai le olaga o le tagata i aso taʻitasi ma le faʻagaoioiga o galuega. O le mea lea, togafitiga faʻapitoa mo tagata e iai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga e manaʻomia. Ae paga lea, o loʻo i ai nei le le lava o faʻailoaina metotia togafitiga mo faʻaletonu faaletonu. Talu ai o le pathogenesis o le taʻaloga faʻaletonu e le o manino, o le taimi nei faʻalavelave faʻasolosolo faʻavae e faʻavae i luga o le poto masani togafitiga o faʻalemafaufau faʻaletonu e pei o vailaʻau faʻaaogaina le atoatoa. Togafitiga togafitiga masani lava aofia ai togafitiga psychobehavioural, vailaʻau togafitiga ma atoatoa togafitiga.

Togafitiga o le mafaufau

Psychological togafitiga, aofia ai tagata taʻitasi ma kulupu togafitiga, o le taimi nei o le sili ona masani ona faʻaaogaina metotia mo le togafitia taʻaloga maʻi.

Togafitiga taʻitoʻatasi

Faʻatasi ai ma togafitiga taʻitasi, o le mafaufau − amioga faʻapitoa togafitiga (CBT) e sili ona masani ona faʻaaogaina. O le autu ituaiga o togafitiga o faʻatalanoaga taʻitasi. Ole umi masani ole togafitiga ole CBT e tele masina ma e masani ona manaʻomia ni togafitiga e 8, e amata mai ile 28 i le 1 itula i taimi taʻitasi. O le togafitiga aofia aofia ai: (2) faʻailoaina o le faʻaseseina mafaufauga e faʻatatau i taʻaloga amioga; (1) vaʻai mo faʻamaoniga e mafai ona faʻamaonia ai lenei faʻasesega mafaufau; (2) iloiloina o talitonuga autu ma faʻamatalaga le lelei; (3) suia ma sili atu fetuutuunai mafaufauga manatu; (4) faʻamautuina le toe solomuli ma fuafua laʻasaga togafitiga; (5) feagai ma faʻafitauli tau amio pulea, ma isi tulaga. O iʻuga ua faʻaalia ai o le CBT e aoga mo tagata e iai faʻafitauli tau i maʻi ma e mafai ona suia tagata taʻitasi e faʻamasani ile taʻaloga.

Faiga faʻavae

Togafitiga o le mafaufau, e lauiloa foi o le vaega o togafitiga po o le tuufaatasiga o togafitiga, e faia i ni vaega po o ni au. O le tulaga lautele mo nei ituaiga o togafitiga o 6−10 tagata auai, tasi i le lua sauniga i le vaiaso (mo 1−2 itula) mo le itiiti ifo i le afa tausaga. Togafitiga togafiti aofia ai lauga, gaioiga ma talanoaga. Togafitiga faʻamoemoe o le faʻaititia o le onosaʻi taʻaloga faʻalagolago faʻailoga, faʻalauiloa le toe maua o vavaega vavalalata tagata, faʻaleleia le tagata lava ia-ia talitonuina ma faʻatautaia le toʻesea mai nei taʻaloga. O le American Psychological Association talitonu i lena kulupu kulupu ei ai ni tulaga lelei sili atu nai lo togafitiga taʻitasi pei o tagata auai uma e tutusa faʻafitauli ma feagai ma le tutusa faigata i le olaga. I le faʻasoaina atu i isi mea o loʻo tutupu i taʻaloga, e mafai ai e tagata o loʻo auai i vaega ona iloa atili a latou lava faʻafitauli. I se faʻaopopoga, kulupu faʻamalositino mafai ona fausiaina se matua tapunia ma le saogalemu siosiomaga lea maaleale mataupu e uiga i taʻaloga faʻaletonu e mafai ona talanoaina lautele. Talu ai e tofu tagata ma auala eseese e feagai ai ma o latou taʻaloga faʻaletonu, kulupu faʻapitoa mafai ona maua ai avanoa e aʻoaʻo ai mai isi o loʻo feagai ma faʻafitauli o le maʻi, ma faʻaleleia atili ai lo latou agavaʻa e taulimaina.

Aiga togafitiga

Aiga togafitiga faʻaavanoaina togafitiga e ala i le faʻaaogaina o mafaufauga i totonu o le aiga iunite. E masani ona aofia ai tu ma aga masani a le aiga togafitiga poʻo le faʻaipoipoga ma faʻamalositino i le aiga. E masani ona faʻaogaina se faʻataʻitaʻiga tele ole faʻaogaina o fualaʻau. aofia ai ma le aiga faufautua ma uo lagolago vaega. I se faʻaopopoga i lenei, multifamily kulupu togafitiga na faʻaaogaina e togafitia ai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga.

Multimodal aoga-faʻavae kulupu togafitiga

O se kulupu psychotherapy metotia talafeagai mo le aʻoga siosiomaga. E aʻafia ai tamaiti aʻoga, matua ma faiaʻoga. O vaega taʻitasi e toʻa 6–10 tagata. O le mafuaʻaga o le faʻamalosia o matua communication fesoʻotaʻiga a le tamaititi, faʻalauteleina le fealofani o le aiga, ia faʻataua e matua faʻafitauli o a latou fanau ma saili a latou matafaioi i amioga a tamaiti i le vave e mafai ai. E ala i aʻoaʻoga faʻalemafaufau, faiaoga saunia foi fesoasoani mo togafitiga.

Togafitiga o vailaʻau

O i latou e fautua mo le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi mo taʻaloga faaletonu e masani lava o fomai o le mafaufau e talitonu i faʻafitauli o le faʻafitauli o se faʻaletonu o le mafaufau. O le lagona faʻaalia e le tagata ma faʻaletonu le taʻaloga i le taʻaloga o loʻo i ai le tutusa neurobiological pei o le lagona faʻaosofia o i latou ua fai ma vaisu ia latou vailaʻau. E le gata i lea, o i latou e iai faʻafitauli tau i maʻi e masani ona i ai isi faʻalavelave faʻafitauli o le mafaufau. O lenei saunia le faʻavae mo togafitiga vailaʻau.

Faʻavae i luga o manatu i luga, DellʻOsso ma paʻaga faʻaaoga escitalopram mo le togafitiga o 19 tagata matutua ma faʻaletonu faaletonu. I le 10 vaiaso muamua o togafitiga o vailaʻau, o faʻailoga o le faʻalagolago i le taʻaloga ua faʻaleleia atili i tagata mamaʻi uma. Peitai, i le isi 9 vaiaso o faʻasolosolo faʻalua-tauaso faʻataʻitaʻia faʻataʻitaʻiga (afa mauaina fualaʻau ma le afa mauaina placebos), e leai se eseʻesega i le aoga o le vailaʻau kulupu ma le vaega faʻatonutonu. Bipeta ma ana uo muamua togafitia 38 gasegase ma faigofie obsessive-faʻamalosia faʻaletonu o latou na maua faʻaletonu faʻaletonu po o le leai ni taʻaloga faʻaletonu ma antianxiance togafitiga mo 3 vaiaso ma ona togafitia ma masani antidepressants (filifilia serotonin taofia reuptake poʻo clomipramine) mo le 1 tausaga. O iʻuga na maua ai o le onosaʻi faʻamalosi auga ma faʻalagolago i taʻaloga na faʻaleleia atili. Han ma Renshaw faʻaaogaina bupropion mo le togafitiga o 50 tagata mamaʻi ma le ogaoga faʻanoanoaga faʻatasi ma le tele i luga o le initoneti taʻaloga. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai o manaʻoga o le tagata maʻi mo taʻaloga na matua faʻaititia, na faʻapuʻupuʻu le taimi faʻaalu i luga ole initaneti ma faʻaleleia atili faʻailoga o le faʻanoanoaga. Ina ua maeʻa, Han ma paʻaga faʻaaoga le mea e faʻaosofia ai le popolevale, methylphenidate, e togafitia ai tamaiti e 62 ma le le atoatoa o le hyperactivity faʻaletonu (ADHD) oe na oʻo i taʻaloga tele. Na maua ai o le tikeri o taʻaloga maʻi ma le aofaʻi o taimi e faʻaaogaina ai le initaneti na faʻaititia tele, ma o faʻailoga o le ADHD na faʻaleleia foi. I se faʻaopopoga, o loʻo iai foʻi suʻesuʻega na maua ai le aoga o le opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone e faʻasaga i faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga.

O faʻamatalaga faʻatapulaʻa i luga atu e taʻu mai ai o togafitiga o vailaʻau (tele antidepressants) e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai le faʻamoemoeina o tagata taʻalo i faʻailoga, ma mafai ai ona faʻapuʻupuʻu le taimi ole initaneti e faʻaaoga ma faʻaititia ai le manaʻo e taʻalo i taʻaloga. Ae ui i lea, o isi suʻesuʻega e manaʻomia e fuafua ai le aoga, talafeagai fualaʻau ma vasega o togafitiga o psychotropic vailaʻau i taʻaloga le atoatoa. A faʻaaoga e le fomaʻi togafitiga o vailaʻau, e tatau ona ia vaʻaia lelei le tulaga o le tagata ma faʻataʻitaʻia le fualaʻau fualaʻau ile taimi e puipuia ai le leaga o uiga.

Togafitiga tuʻufaʻatasi

Faʻapitoa togafitiga o se fesoasoani e tuʻufaʻatasia CBT ma isi togafitiga metotia. E aofia ai le CBT faʻatasi ma vailaʻau togafitiga, isi ituaiga o psychotherapy poʻo le tino togafitiga.

CBT tuʻufaʻatasia vailaʻau togafitiga

Kim ma ana uo taumafai e togafitia le 65 talavou ma faʻaletonu o le mafaufau ma le amphetamine tuʻufaʻatasia ma le CBT ma iloa ai na aoga mo taʻaloga faʻalagolago faʻailoga ma le faʻanoanoa. Santos ma ana uo tuʻufaʻatasi antidepressants ma antianxiety vailaʻau e togafitia faʻafitauli faʻaletonu. I lenei suʻesuʻega, na latou mauaina ai o tagata mamaʻi o le popole ma taʻaloga faʻalagolago faʻailoga na matua faʻaleleia atili.

CBT tuʻufaʻatasia le faʻaosofia o le faʻaleleia o togafitiga

E tusa ai ma le faʻaosofia le faʻaleleia o togafitiga (MET) togafitiga ma le tagofia o le 'ava malosi, Poddar ma paʻaga muamua faʻataʻitaʻia lenei metotia mo taʻaloga le atoatoa. Lenei MET-CBT auala aofia ai se faʻasologa o laʻasaga: (1) o se mafaufauga loloto tulaga (ie, sauniga muamua o le fausiaina vavalalata, o se auiliiliga faʻatalanoaga ma mataupu faʻatulagaina); (2) o se sauniuniga laʻasaga (ie, sauniga na tuʻuina atu i se siosiomaga agamalu e faʻamamafaina ai le mafaufau loloto, aofia ai le faʻatautaia o le tino ma lagona faʻaosofia e ala i malologa metotia, ma le taugata-penefiti faʻavasegaina o vaisu taʻaloga); ma (3) o se konekarate tulaga ma le onosaʻi, matua ma le fomaʻi (ie, amioga fesuiaʻiga o taʻaloga, faʻaititia le taimi faʻaaluina lugalaina ma faʻalauteleina gaoioiga maloloina). Ina ua maeʻa togafitiga, o le taimi o taʻaloga a le tagata maʻi na matua faʻaititia ma o le aʻoaʻoga faʻatinoga na matua alualu i luma.

CBT tuʻufaʻatasi electroacupuncture togafitiga

E i ai tagata i Saina na taumafai e faʻaaoga lenei metotia ma manatu o le tuʻufaʻatasia vaega togafitiga i le faʻaleleia o taʻaloga faʻalagolago faʻailoga e sili atu nai lo le tasi psychotherapy kulupu. Ae ui i lea, o le aoga ma le saogalemu o le CBT tuʻufaʻatasi electroacupuncture togafitiga o taʻaloga faʻaletonu e tatau ona faʻamaonia.

Puipuia o faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga

O mafuaʻaga o le faʻaletonu o le taʻaloga e faigata, e aofia ai le tele o meaola biopsychosocial, ma e faigata tele le togafitiga. O le mea lea, puipuiga e sili atu le taua. O le taimi nei puipuiga auala e faasaga i taʻaloga faʻaletonu e faapea:

Faʻatapulaʻa le faʻaaogaina o taʻaloga

I le vaʻai atu i le ono ono fai ma vaʻaiga masani o komipiuta ma taʻaloga, o le taimi taʻaloga umi ma le faʻafitauli o le soona faʻaaoga o le initaneti, faʻatapulaʻaina le faʻaaogaina o se tali. Fuataga o: (1) faʻasaina o le faʻaaogaina o taʻaloga: o loʻo manaʻomia e le malo ni kamupani e tuʻuina ni taʻaloga e taofia tagata taʻalo mai le faʻaaogaina o a latou taʻaloga mo se vaitaimi faapitoa o le aso; ma le (2) faʻatonutonu a matua: e pulea e matua a latou fanau komepiuta e ala i faiga eseese, e pei o le faʻatapulaʻaina o mea taʻaloga ma taimi.

Lapataiga feau

Nisi taʻaloga kamupani ua faʻasaʻolotoina i totonu o le taʻaloga faʻasilasilaga faʻamatalaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le aʻafiaga o le soʻoga taʻaloga. O nei faʻamatalaga e ono tutusa ma faʻamatalaga lapatai o le soifua maloloina o loʻo aliali mai luga o tapaa ma le 'ava malosi. Faʻavae i luga o le lelei o sikaleti lapataʻi lapataiga, e mafai ona manatu o ia lapataʻiga faʻamatalaga fesoasoani e faʻalauteleina le iloa o le faʻaleagaina aʻafiaga o le soʻona taʻalo. Király ma paʻaga fautua mai o le tuʻufaʻatasia o lapataʻiga i taʻaloga e fuafua i le taimi e faʻaalu ai e tagata taaalo i taʻaloga. Lenei fuafuaga faʻatagaina faʻatulagaina faʻafitauli amio faʻapitoa e aunoa ma le aʻafia o le le-faʻafitauli o le au taaalo 'fiafia i le tele o maloloina tafaoga gaioiga.

Malosiaga faʻalavelave

Ina ia mafai ona faʻaitiitia le leaga o faʻaiuga o taʻaloga, e tatau i le malo ona faʻasalalau tulafono talafeagai e manaʻomia ai matagaluega uma e tuʻuina atu fesoasoani talafeagai ma togafitiga mo tagata e maua i faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga. I le tulaga o faʻafitauli taʻaloga, o le falemaʻi o se tasi o muamua e faʻailoa mai le ono lamatiaga o taʻaloga faʻaletonu ma saunia ni fesoasoani i taʻaloga taʻaloga. Talu ai o le tele o taʻaloga taʻaloga mafai ona aoina tagata taaalo 'faʻamatalaga e uiga i le taimi faʻaalu i taʻaloga, latou mafai ona faʻafesoʻotaʻia na tagata taaalo e taaalo sili atu taimi nai lo le averesi ma ofo atu latou faʻafesoʻotaʻi faʻamatalaga mo ono ono tautua. E tatau foi i kamupani taʻaloga ona auai i gaioiga e puipuia ma togafitia faʻaletonu faʻaletonu, pei o le faʻaititia o faʻailoga ma le faʻaopopoina o lapataiga i le taʻaloga. E tatau ona siʻitia le tau o taʻaloga ma faʻatapulaʻa le vave fesoʻotaʻi o tamaiti ma taʻaloga. Malo tatau ona faʻatuina lava puipuiga ma nofoaga autu mo togafitiga mo taʻaloga faʻalagolago, saunia puipuia puipuiga, tautua faufautua ma togafitiga faʻalavelave.

O felafolafoaiga ma lumanaʻi suʻesuʻega faʻatonuga i taʻaloga le atoatoa

E tusa pe le lelei le taʻaloga o se faʻaletonu o le mafaufau o loʻo feteʻenaʻi lava. Ae ui i lea, o le tele o sikola talitonu o taʻaloga faʻafitauli o se vaisu-faʻavae mafaufau le atoatoa. Muamua lava, faʻaletonu faʻaletonu ei ai tutusa auala faʻavae o vailaʻau faʻaaogaina le atoatoa ma e fesoʻotaʻi ma le dopamine taui faʻataʻitaʻiga i le pito o le ogatotonu faiʻai. A o taalo le tagata taalo, ua faateleina le maualuga o le neurotransmitters o le dopamine i le faiʻai, ona maua ai lea o le fiafia. Afai o lenei fiafia faʻamalosia le faiʻai i taimi uma, o le faiʻai e tauia, ma o le tagata taʻalo o le a manatuaina lenei lagona, ma mafua ai i vaisu. Lona lua, o le tali atu o le faiʻai o tagata e iai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga i faʻamatalaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma taʻaloga atonu e tai tutusa ma mea o loʻo vaʻaia e i latou e faʻaaogaina le vailaʻau. Faʻaaoga MRI iʻuga faʻaalia, pe a faʻatusatusa i vailaʻau le faʻaogaina o le le atoatoa ma isi amioga ua fai ma vaisu (e pei o faʻasolosolo faʻamalositino), taʻaloga faʻaleagaina e ono faʻaalia tutusa neurological gaioiga i vaisu faiʻai vaega (prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens septi, muamua cingulate eria, caudal nucleus, ma i luga). Lona tolu, faʻamalosi fualaʻau ma faʻalavelave faʻafitauli e mafai ona faʻamamaina ai faʻailoga o tagata e iai faʻaletonu o latou taʻaloga ma lagolagoina le latou faʻavae o meaola ninii, malamalama ma amioga. I le iuga, o le kenera polymorphisms maua i tagata ma faʻaletonu faaletonu e fesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau faʻaaoga le atoatoa ma faʻasolosolo faʻatau tupe. O le polymorphism o lua genes e fesoʻotaʻi ma vailaʻau le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau (Taq1A1 allele o le dopamine D2 receptor ma Val158M ma isi allele i catecholamine-O-methyltransferase gene) e sili atu le tele na tupu fua i taʻaloga faʻaletonu. O molimau uma o loʻo taua i luga ua fautua mai ai o le faaletonu o le taʻaloga o se faʻamai o le mafaufau.

Tagata talitonu e talitonu e: (1) e ui lava o nisi faʻaaliga o taʻaloga le atoatoa ma vailaʻau-e fesoʻotaʻi maʻi e tutusa, taʻaloga faʻaletonu e leai ni faʻailoga faʻaletino o vailaʻau faʻaaogaina le atoatoa. Naʻo le faʻaalia o se faʻalagolago ile mafaufau, o lona uiga e leʻo se amio faʻatama. (2) Faʻaletonu faʻaletonu e tatau ona faʻavasegaina o se faʻatonutonu manaʻoga faaletonu, aua o tagata e iai faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga e le mafai ona faʻatonutonu a latou lava amioga ma le aofaʻi o taimi e taʻalo ai i taʻaloga. Nei tagata auai i compulsive soʻoga, faʻaalu tele tele taimi taʻalo taʻaloga o le iuga o vaisu amioga ma leiloa i agafesootai gaioiga. (3) O le gaioiga faʻaleagaina mafua mai i taʻaloga e leʻi faʻamaonia atoatoa. (4) O taʻaloga amioga e mafai ona avea ma auala faʻataʻitaʻi e faʻaitiitia ai se faʻamaʻi, ae le o se tutoʻatasi tutoʻatasi. (5) O le aofia ai o faʻaletonu faʻaletonu o se faʻamaʻi i le ICD-11 ono ono faʻamaʻaina ai nisi tagata taʻalo masani ma e oʻo atu ai lava i le ono tele o togafitiga faʻafomaʻi. (6) Taʻaloga faʻaletonu o se ituaiga faʻamaoniga ono o le iʻuga o le amio mama popolevale.

E oʻo mai i le taimi nei, o le tele o itu o taʻaloga le atoatoa o loʻo feteʻenaʻi lava. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, (1) pe o le le atoatoa le taʻaloga o se maʻi o le mafaufau; (2) le tele o le leaga o le faaletonu taʻaloga; (3) le faiā i le va o faʻaletonu o le taʻaloga ma isi faʻaletonu o le mafaufau; (4) o le falemaʻi faʻaalia o taʻaloga faaletonu, o le aetiology ma le pathogenesis o taʻaloga faaletonu. I se faʻaopopoga, e i ai ni nai suʻesuʻega i luga o le lelei aʻafiaga o taʻaloga. I le taimi nei, o faʻamaumauga o suʻesuʻega faʻamaʻi i luga o faʻafitauli tau taʻaloga i totonu o atunuʻu o le lalolagi o loʻo matuaʻi lava lava. O le mea lea, faʻatonuga suʻesuʻega lumanaʻi aofia ai: (1) le faʻamaʻi o le faʻamaʻi o le faaletonu o taʻaloga; (2) o le atinaʻeina ma le faʻamautuina o meafaigaluega faʻailoilo; (3) o mea taua o amioga taʻaloga; (4) faiʻai faʻataʻitaʻi ma neurobiology; ma le (5) togafitiga ma le puipuiga. I vaisu, suesuega i luga o le lelei matafaioi o taʻaloga e manaʻomia foi e faʻamanino ai le natura o taʻaloga le atoatoa.Faʻaliliuga faigata 1

Faʻaliliuga puʻupuʻu

Na o le upega tafailagi na faila e le BMJ Publishing Group mai se faila faaeletonika na avane e tusitala (s) ma e leʻi faʻatonutonuina mo mataupu.

gpsych-2019-100071supp001.docx

tautinoga

Faʻafetai tusitala i le au iloiloina ma faatonu o lenei tusitusiga.

talaaga

Na maua e Qianjin Wang le tikeri o le tagata malaga i vailaʻau i le 2015 mai le Jining Medical College. O loʻo aoga nei o ia mo le tikeri o le matuaofaiva i le mafaufau i le Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. O lana suʻesuʻega fiafia o vailaʻau vaisu.

O se faila i fafo o loʻo uuina ai se ata, ata tusi, ma isi mea Igoa ole gpsych-2019-100071ileq01.gif

Faamatalaga Faʻamatalaga

sao: Wang Qianjin: faʻamaeʻaina le aotelega, faʻamatalaina o taʻaloga le atoatoa, faʻamaoniga, tusitusiga ma le atoa tusitusiga tusitusiga o togafitiga.

Ren Honghong: mauaina mai o pepa, tusitusiga ma le toe teuteuina e faʻamaeʻa ai le puipuia o faʻaletonu o taʻaloga.

Long Jiang: maeʻa le fetuʻunaʻiga o tusitusiga ma tusitusiga tulaga o taʻaloga faʻafitauli epidemiology ma aetiology.

Liu Yueheng: faʻamaeʻaina le tusitusiga o le taʻaloga o faʻafitauli i tua ma e manaʻomia e foia faʻafitauli i le lumanaʻi.

Liu Tieqiao: saunia se outline o le tusitusiga, tusi faʻataʻitaʻi tusitusiga, atoa-tusitusiga toe iloiloina ma le ata mulimuli.

Faatupeina: O lenei galuega na lagolagoina e ala i fesoasoani mai le National Key R&D Program a Saina (2017YFC1310400) ma le National Natural Science Foundation o Saina (81371465 ma le 81671324). E leai se sao a le au lagolago ile fuafuaina, amio ma le lolomiga o lenei galuega.

Tauvaga malie: Fai mai tusitala uma, e leai se feteʻenaʻiga i lenei tusitusiga.

Maliega mo le faʻasalalauina: E le manaʻomia.

Faʻaaliga ma iloiloga a tupulaga: Faʻatonuina; fafo iloiloina iloiloina.

Faʻamatalaga avanoa avanoa: Leai se faʻamatalaga faʻaopoopo e avanoa.

mau faasino

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