lē faʻatino
Initaneti o vaisu o se ituaiga o le le psychoactive vailaʻau faʻalagolago. O le Implicit Association Test (IAT) e faʻaaoga e fua ai le malamalama malamalama. Mea e ono faʻatatau i le gaioiga (ERP) o se tasi o auala e sili ona lautele faʻaaogaina i le mafaufau loloto o le neurosains, e suʻesuʻe ai le fesoʻotaʻiga o le tino o le gaioiga faʻapitoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻamatalaga gaosi. O le suʻesuʻeina atili o le ERP uiga o le faʻafaigata o le mafaufau i le Initaneti o le a fesoasoani i le malamalama i le natura o Initaneti vaisu. O lenei suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻe ai uiga o le ERP o le faʻaaoga faʻapitoa i le Initaneti. O i latou na auai na aofia ai le 60 Initaneti tagata ua fai ma vaisu (IAG) ma le 60 pule masani (NCG). O tagata uma na auai na fuaina ma ERPs faʻaaogaina le IAT. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai o loʻo i ai se eseʻesega taua i le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga IAT aafiaga mo taimi tali i le va o le IAG ma le NCG, ma sa i ai faʻamalosiaga fesoʻotaʻi fesoʻotaʻi agaʻi i faʻamatalaga i luga o Initaneti i IAG nai lo NCG. O le faʻaaogaina o le P1, N2, P3, ma le N4 o ni suiga faʻalagolago, o se suʻesuʻega o fesuiaʻiga o fesuiaʻiga (ANOVA) i luga o le latencies mean ma uiga amplitude na faʻaalia ai le taua o fegalegaleaiga i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) ma tulaga faʻamalosiʻau vs. tofotofoga le talafeagai) mo le amplitude N2 ma le P3; o faʻataʻitaʻiga aafiaga faigofie faʻaalia ai o le N2 ma le P3 amplitude na lapoʻa tele i lalo o le IAG-talafeagai faʻataʻitaʻiga tulaga nai lo lalo o le IAG-le tutusa tulaga faʻafitauli. I le kulupu IAG, o faʻafesoʻotaʻiga lelei ma fesoʻotaʻiga i luga ole Initaneti na faʻaosoina ai le lapopoʻa o le N2 ma le P3 i nofoaga o loʻo maua mai i le tino. O nei iʻuga na faʻailoa mai ai o tagata ua fai ma vaisu i luga o Initaneti o loʻo faʻaalia ai ni faʻafesoʻotaʻiga le faʻaaogaina i le Initaneti, ma le lelei o fesoʻotaʻiga faʻafesoʻotaʻi i luga o le Initaneti ua mafua ai suiga a le ERP i luga o le upega tafailagi o le tino.
faʻatomuaga
O vaisu i luga ole Initaneti e faʻasino i le tele o le Initaneti faʻaaogaina o loʻo i ai se aafiaga leaga i tagata taʻitasi i aso uma. Faʻavae i luga o muamua suʻesuʻega faʻaaogaina neuropsychological ma neuroimaging metotia, Initaneti fai ma vaisu o se ituaiga o le leai-psychoactive vailaʻau faʻamoemoeina (ie, o se ituaiga o amioga vaisu) (1-4). I le taimi nei, ua i ai lava le maliega e fai ma vaisu Initaneti aofia ai ni subtypes e fa: Initaneti taʻaloga, initaneti fesoʻotaʻiga, Initaneti ponokalafi, ma Initaneti faʻatau (5, 6); ae ui i lea, o le psychopathological poʻo aetiological auala o vaisu Initaneti ua le manino. O le faʻaaogaina o metotia ole neuropsychological ma neuroimaging metotia e ono faʻamanino ai le natura o vaisu i Initaneti.
Faʻailoaina malamalamaʻaga o se matua taimi i le mafaufau mafaufau; e faʻasino tonu lava i le malamalama, malamalamaaga, manatuaina, malamalamaaga, fefulisaʻiga, ma faʻatinoina gaioiga e tutupu e ala i le le malamalama.7). O suʻesuʻega na muamua atu na faʻailoa mai ai o ni amioga e fesoʻotaʻi ma amioga e ono iloiloina ma faʻamaoniga o manatuaga o manatuaga e faʻatalata atu i ai ma faʻagaoioia ai ni faʻatasiga o loʻo i ai i le polokalama manatua (8, 9). O le Implicit Association Test (IAT) e faʻaaoga e fua ai le malamalama malamalama. IAT faʻasino i se gaioiga faʻavasega taimi-faʻavasegaina gaioiga e suʻesuʻeina le eseʻesega fesoʻotaʻiga malosiʻaga i le va o taulaʻi faʻataʻitaʻiga ma le faʻatauaina o uiga o manatu o se auala i le faʻavasegaina o uiga le faʻafaigata (10). IAT o se masani faʻaaogaina le faʻataʻitaʻi suʻesuʻega o faʻatasi i mea e manatua (11, 12). Ole tele o suʻesuʻega na lipotia mai ole aʻafia malamalamaaga ose tagata vavalo mo nisi faʻaletonu ole mafaufau, pei ole faʻalagolago ile ava malosi male tapaa (13, 14). Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o suʻesuʻega na muamua atu, na faʻaaogaina ai le IAT e iloilo ai faʻafesoʻotaʻiga le faʻatauaina i le tapaa, ava malosi, mariuana, ma le faʻaaogaina o cocaine, ua faʻaalia ai o le IAT o loʻo eseʻese lava le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau mai tagata le faʻaaogaina (15-18).
Ona o le ono mafuaʻaga mo psychopathology poʻo etiology, o suʻesuʻega o le faʻaaofia ai le malamalama ua faʻateleina, ae maise lava i totonu o le tele o le mafaufau le atoatoa. O se suesuega talu ai nei na lipotia ai o le le lelei fegalegaleaiga i le va o Initaneti mea ua fai ma vaisu ma le malamalama gafatia aʻoaʻoga (19). Ina ia iloa le ono gaioiga o le le pulea o le Initaneti faʻaaogaina i tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma Initaneti taʻaloga fai ma vaisu, o se suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina le lelei faʻaosofia faʻaalia o tali i luga o le Initaneti taʻaloga ma faʻaiʻuina o tagata taʻitasi ma Initaneti taʻaloga ua fai ma vaisu na i ai se tali lelei faʻaosofia tali atu i screenshot o lugalaina taʻaloga; faʻamatalaga faʻaalia e ono fesoʻotaʻi foʻi ma le le pulea o le taʻaloga i luga ole laiga (20).
I le sefulu tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o metotia o le faʻaaogaina o le malamalama faʻavae i vailaʻau oona ua uma ona iloiloina ma neuroimaging metotia, pei o le faʻatinoina o le magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ma gaioiga-fesoʻotaʻi gaioiga (ERPs). Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o se suʻesuʻega talu ai na suʻesuʻeina le faʻagaoioia o neural substrates o loʻo aafia i fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga ala e ala i le fMRI o le 'ava-IAT na taulaʻi i taunuʻuga lelei o le faʻaaogaina o le' ava malosi, ma o iʻuga na faʻaalia ai o le striatum e nafa ma le faʻatalanoaina o faʻamatalaga o loʻo mafua ai amioga masani, ma o le faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua e nafa ma le faʻatalanoaina o amioga faʻatonutonuina (9). O le isi suʻesuʻega na faʻaaoga ai ERP e suʻesuʻe ai tali a tagata inu pia i ata e faʻatatau i le 'ava malosi ma faʻaalia ai o le P100 amplitude na faʻatupuina e ata o le ava malosi na matua tele atu nai lo ata na faʻaalia e ata le-ava malosi (21).
ERP o se tasi o sili ona lautele faʻaaogaina metotia i le mafaufau loloto neurosains sailiiliga e suʻesuʻe ai le faʻalapotopotoga tuʻufaʻatasia o le mafaufau gaioiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le gaosiaina o faʻamatalaga. Ae maise lava, ERP e talafeagai e suʻesuʻe ai aitema i le saoasaoa o neural gaioiga. O le suʻesuʻeina o le ERP uiga o le faʻaalia o le faʻaituau i le Initaneti o le a fesoasoani i le malamalama i le natura o Initaneti vaisu. I le taimi nei, e leai ni lipoti suʻesuʻe suʻesuʻeina o le ERP uiga o le faʻaalia tino malamalama i le Initaneti. I lenei suʻesuʻega, na aofia ai i latou na auai le Initaneti i mea ua fai ma vaisu, ma le kulupu masani (NCG). O tagata uma na auai na fuaina ma ERPs faʻaaogaina le Initaneti faʻamatalaga-fesoʻotaʻi IAT. O le suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻe ai uiga o le ERP o le faʻaaoga faʻapitoa i le Initaneti.
Metotia
Taimi ma taimi
O lenei suʻesuʻega na faia i le Wuxi Mental Health Center, Jiangsu Province, Saina, mai ia Ianuari 2015 e oʻo ia Fepuari 2018.
Uiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga
Vaega o mea ua fai ma vaisu i Initaneti
O faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻavasegaina faʻaaogaina mo vaisu Initaneti aofia ai aitema nei e lima: (I) tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu e tatau ona ausia tulaga o le suia Diagnostic Fesili mo le Initaneti Faʻafitauli (22); (II) 18 tausaga le matua pe sili atu; (III) na le ausia tulaga faʻatulagaina o soʻo se Diagnostic ma Fuainumera Tusi Lesona o le Mafaufau Lelei-5 (DSM-5) axis I faʻaletonu poʻo uiga faʻaletonu; (IV) le faʻamaonia le maua i le tapaa poʻo le faʻalagolago i le 'ava malosi; ma le (V) e leʻo aʻafia ile faʻamaʻi tutotonu ole neula. O suʻesuʻega faʻafomaʻi o mataupu uma sa faʻatautaia e le toʻalua o le mafaufau e nonofo ai e aoina vailaʻau maʻi ma faʻamaumauga a le sosaiete ma faʻamaonia pe le tuʻuina atu se DSM-5 diagnostic criterion mo soʻo se gasegase o le mafaufau ma se taʻiala faʻapitoa mo vaisu i Initaneti; o le umi o le tagofia o mea initaneti a tagata taʻitasi na fuafuaina e ala i le toe tepa i tua. Sa manaʻomia e tagata suʻesuʻe le Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu ona toe manatua o latou olaga. IAG tagata na auai na aumai mai le Wuxi Mental Health Center, Saina. O le aofaʻi o le 60 Initaneti tagata fai ma vaisu na faʻafaigaluegaina i le IAG kulupu, aofia ai 51 tagata gasegase ma 9 tagata gasegase. O le maufaatuatuaina o nei lava lipoti mai tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu na fuafuaina e ala i le asiasi atu ia latou uo potu ma uo vavalalata. Tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma Initaneti mea ua fai ma vaisu faʻaalu 11.48 h / aso (standard deviation = 2.07) i luga ole laiga gaioiga. O le umi ole laiga i luga ole laiga i vaiaso taʻitasi o le 6.29 aso (standard deviation = 0.57).
Kulupu faʻatonutonu masani
O pulega masani na filifilia mai i le lotoifale e ala i faasalalauga i le lotoifale. O faʻatonutonu masani uma na faia suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa e ni tagata se toʻalua o le mafaufau e faʻaputu mai ni vailaʻau o faʻamaʻi ma faʻamaumauga a le sosaiete ma faʻamaonia pe le tuʻuina atu se faʻaiuga o le DSM-5 mo soʻo se gasegase o le mafaufau. O faʻatonuga masani na faʻataʻitaʻia ma le toe faʻavasegaina Diagnostic Questionnaire mo Initaneti Faʻafitauli e aveʻesea ai se faʻamaoniga o Initaneti Faʻafitauli. O faʻatonuga masani na tuʻuʻesea mai le suʻesuʻega pe a fai o se mea e faʻalagolago i ai vailaʻau pe na faʻamaonia foʻi e iai faʻamaʻi tutotonu o neula. E onosefulu tagata na faʻatusatusa ile itupa ma tausaga ile au a le IAG ma tautua o le NCG. Faʻasino ile suʻesuʻega o mea ua fai ma vaisu i le Initaneti (3), naʻo pulega masani na faʻaalu laititi ifo ile 2 h / aso ile Initaneti na tuʻuina ile NCG.
Ae le i faia le faʻataʻitaʻiga, sa toe siaki e le fomaʻi faʻapitoa aliʻi fomaʻi faʻamatalaga a tagata auai. O i latou uma na auai i lagona ootia na tofotofoina i le Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD, 17-item version) ma le Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Le fua lima lima o le Annett (3) na faʻaaogaina e iloilo uma ai le aofai o tagata auai.
O mataupu ma faʻatonutonu masani na mauaina tusitusiga tusitusia faʻatagaga faʻamaonia ma tuʻuina mai a latou lava tusitusia faʻatagaina maliega e auai i lenei suʻesuʻega. O i latou uma na auai na totogiina le $ 48.39 ma le tau o femalagaiga. O le Komiti o Amio Taualoa a le Wuxi Mental Health Center, Saina, na pasia le maliega mo le poloketi suʻesuʻe.
Suʻega ole Neuropsychological
Suʻega taua faʻa fesoʻotaʻiga i le Initaneti
O mataupu ma faʻatonuga masani na faʻatinoina le IAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti. O le IAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma le Initaneti na aumai mai se ava-IAT sa faʻafaigaluegaina i se suʻesuʻega na faia muamua e Ames et al. (9). E leai ni mataupu poʻo ni faʻatonuga masani na mauaina ni faʻatonuga ile taimi ole faʻataʻitaʻiga. O i latou uma na auai na faatonuina e o atu i le saoasaoa latou te mafaia (saʻo). O fualaʻau e faʻavasegaina na faʻasolosolo ona faʻaalia vasega faʻatulagaina (Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi vs. mammal ata) ma uiga vasega (upu lelei vs. le faʻaituʻau upu). O vaega faʻatulagaina (unaʻi faʻamalosi) e ono ata e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti ma ata e ono a tina, ma o vaega o uiga e ono lelei ma ono upu le tuʻufaʻatasi (lua Saina upu upu) vasega, lea na faʻailoa mai e ala i fesili tatala mai 180 tamaiti aʻoga maualalo ( 40 tamaiti matutua o le aʻoga maualuga, 101 tamaititi aʻoga tulaga lua, ma le 39 faʻauʻu tamaiti aʻoga). Ono ata e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti, ono ata mamala, ono lelei, ma ono tuʻaiga upu upu na filifilia, e tusa ma la latou taimi. E tolusefulu tamaiti aʻoga na latou faʻaaogaina le 7-point Likert tali e faʻavasega ai ata e ono fesoʻotaʻi ma le Initaneti i luga o le latou manatu e faʻatatau i le Initaneti, ma le averesi togi o le 6.09 (standard deviation = 0.51). O ata e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti e aofia ai le faʻailoga WeChat, King of Glory (online-game) faʻailoga, Taobao icon, Google Chrome icon, Internet explorer icon, ma le Tencent QQ icon; o ata e faasusu e aofia ai maile, Manuki, Solofanua, Puaa, Mamoe, ma Dolphin. O upu lelei e aofia ai Fiafia, Faʻaaulelei, Malolo, Fiafia, Faʻauo ma Faʻafealofani, ma le le faʻaituau upu aofia ai Masani, Faʻafilemu, Le faʻaituau, Brown, Faʻamau, ma Sini Faʻamoemoe. E tolusefulu tamaiti aʻoga na faʻaaogaina le fuainumera 7 e amata mai le 1 (matua faʻamaonia) i le 7 (matua le taliaina) e faʻatulaga ai le aʻafiaga o ono lelei ma ono upu le faʻaituau; o le averesi togi o le Positive words o le 6.33 (standard deviation = 0.71), o le averesi togi o le Neutral upu o le 3.55 (standard deviation = 0.30).
O le tuʻufaʻatasia o le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga lelei + upu vs mammal + le faʻaituʻau upu na fetaui lelei faʻataʻitaʻiga, ae o le tuʻufaʻatasia o mamalia ata + upu lelei vs. ata fesoʻotaʻi Initaneti + le faʻaituau upu o le le fetaui lelei tofotofoga.
O vaega faʻatulagaina (prime stimulus) ma vaega o uiga na faʻaalia i luga o le 17-inisi komipiuta mataʻituina faʻaaogaina le E-Prime 2.0 polokalama. O upu uiga (Tele 40) ma le mumu "+" (1.0 × 1.0 cm) na faʻaalia tutotonu luga o le lau.
I lenei IAT, e 80 faʻaaliga faʻaalia i poloka fetaui ma 80 i poloka e le mafaatusalia. O poloka o faʻataʻitaʻiga suʻega ma faʻataʻitaʻiga le talafeagai na faʻapaleniina, ma faʻataʻitaʻiga i totonu o poloka na poloaʻi ona okaina. O faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga sa amata. O le mumu "+" na faʻaaogaina i le faʻailoaina o le faʻamaumauga ma le amataga o le taimi e amata mai i le 1.0 i le 4.5 s, sosoo ai ma le faʻaosofia o le faʻaaliga. Ole faʻatupulaia ole faʻailoaina o fualaʻau suʻesuʻe na mo le 2 s. Sa i ai le va feʻaveaʻi (2 s) ina ua maeʻa ona unaʻi e le tagata auai le ki o le tali, ona maeʻa ai lea o le faʻamasinoga ae sosoʻo ma le isi faʻamasinoga.
Faʻasino mai ia Ames et al. (9), o le IAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti e aofia ai poloka nei: (I) o le faʻatulagaina o vasega vasega (20 faʻataʻitaʻiga), i le taimi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, na talosagaina tagata auai uma e oomi le A ki mo le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le Initaneti ata ma lolomi le L ki mo o le ata mamalia; (II) o se uiga faʻaavanoaina vasega (20 faʻataʻitaʻiga), i le taimi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, na talosagaina tagata auai uma e fetaomi le A ki mo le lelei upu ma fetaomi le L ki mo le le faaituʻau upu; (III) o se poloka talafeagai ma uma taulaʻi ma uiga uiga masani (20 faʻataʻitaʻiga), i le taimi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, tagata auai uma na talosagaina e fetaomi le A ki mo tuʻufaʻatasia o le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi le upu lelei ma fetaomi le L ki mo le mamele + upu le mautonu; (IV) o se poloka talafeagai ma uma taulaʻi ma uiga uiga tofotofoga (60 tofotofoga), i le taimi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga, tagata auai uma na talosagaina e fetaomi le A ki mo tuʻufaʻatasia o le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi le upu lelei ma fetaomi le L ki mo le mamele + upu le mautonu; (V) o se vaega faʻatulagaina naʻo le faʻaaogaina i tulaga fesuiaʻi (20 tofotofoga); (VI) o se poloka le talafeagai ma uma le fesuiaʻi sini sini ma le uiga vasega vasega (20 tofotofoga); ma le (VII) poloka le tutusa ma tuʻaiga faʻasolosolo tuʻufaʻatasia ma suʻega vasega uiga (60 tofotofoga) (Ata Le(Figure1).1). Naʻo faʻamatalaga mai le poloka IV ma le poloka VII na faʻaaogaina mo le suʻesuʻega. E tusa ai ma le muamua algorithm faʻaaoga mo D-600 fua (23), o IAG ma NCG tali faʻataʻatitia na fuafua eseese.
O se katuni faʻamatalaina le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi IAT.愉快, fiafia;平静, toʻafilemu. ITI, va faʻatupulaga; ms, millisecond.
Mea e mafai ona faʻatatau i mea e tutupu
Faʻasino i le faʻavaomalo 10/20 system, electroencephalograms na puʻeina ma le Stellate Harmonie Electroencephalogram masini (Physiotec Electronics Ltd., Canada) faʻaaogaina le Electro-Cap Electrode System (ECITM Electro-Caps, Electro-cap International, INL, USA). O electrode tuʻufaʻatasia o taliga na avea o se faʻasino, ma o le eleele electrode na faʻapipiʻi i le muaulu. Vertical ma faalava electrooculograms na faamaumauina mai luga ma lalo o le mata taumatau ma i le taumatau ma agavale fafo i fafo. O le inter-electrode impedance sa i lalo o le 5 kΩ. O le faʻamama band-pass o le 0.05-100 Hertz (Hz), ma le fua faʻataʻitaʻi e 250 Hz. Electroencephalogram ma electrooculogram galu foliga na faʻamamaina ma bandpass faamama 0.01-40 Hz, 24 dB / oct. O tulaga faʻaosofia o le ERP aofia ai ma le mulimuli atu i faʻataʻitaʻiga e lua: tofotofoga fetaui lelei (tuʻufaʻatasia o le Initaneti e fesoʻotaʻi + upu lelei vs. mammal + upu le faʻaituau) ma faʻataʻitaʻiga le tuʻufaʻatasia (tuʻufaʻatasia o le ata mamala + upu lelei vs. ata fesoʻotaʻi Initaneti + Upu le mautonu). O faʻataʻitaʻiga i poloka 3, 4, 6, ma le 7 mo le IAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma le Initaneti sa faʻaaogaina mo le suʻesuʻega a le ERP. O le faʻamaoniaina o vaega o le ERP faʻamoemoe i luga o le latency ina ua maeʻa le stimulus onset, ma vaega ERP aofia ai le tumutumu amplitude o P1, N2, P3, ma N4. ERP faʻamaumauga mai vaega e ono o le ulu o le ulu, 14 electrode saite uma, na auiliiliina: frontal lobe sites (F3, Fz, ma le F4); nofoaga o loʻo maua ai le paʻu (P3, Pz, ma le P4); nofoaga tutotonu lobe (C3, Cz, ma C4); 'upega tafaʻilagi i le itu tauagavale (T3) ma nofoaga i le itu taumatau o loovale (T4); ma nofoaga o loʻo maua mai i le tino (O1, Oz, ma le O2). O le ERP epoch i tulaga faʻaosofia taʻitasi o le 1000 milliseconds (ms) (aofia ai le 200 ms ae le i amataina le stimulus ma le 800 ms ina ua maeʻa le stimulus onset). ERP vaega P1 na faʻamatalaina o le tumutumu le lelei i totonu o le 0-150 ms faʻamalama latency, N2 na faʻamalamalamaina o le tumutumu le lelei i totonu o le 150-250 ms latency window, P3 na faʻamatalaina o le tumutumu positivity i totonu o le 250-350 ms faʻamalama latency, ma le N4 na faʻauigaina o le tumutumu le lelei i totonu o le 350-450 ms faʻamalama latency.
Suʻega faʻamaumauga
O faʻamatalaga uma na suʻesuʻeina ma Fuainumera Oloa ma Auaunaga Fofo 18.0 fuainumera polokalama (SPSS 18.0, WIN lomiga, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Faʻatusatusaga o le numera ma faʻafomaʻi uiga (tausaga aʻoga, togi HAMA ma togi HAMD) i le va o IAG ma NCG na faʻatinoina faʻaaogaina tutoʻatasi-faʻataʻitaʻiga. t-test. Faʻatusatusaga o le lima i le va o le IAG ma le NCG na faʻatinoina faʻaaoga ai chi-sikuea suʻega. Faʻatusatusaga o faʻamaumauga a le ERP i le va o le IAG ma le NCG na faʻaaogaina ai le fefiloi o fua eseese o iloiloga o eseesega (ANOVA). O tikeri o le saolotoga o le F ratio na faasaʻoina, e tusa ai ma le Greenhouse – Geisser metotia. Laititi sikuea sikuea suʻega na faia o post-hoc auiliiliga, pe a taʻu atu.
i'uga
O le faitau aofaʻi o tagata ma faʻataʻitaʻi uiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga
O loʻo faʻamatalaina ile Laulau le faʻatusatusaga o faʻataʻitaʻiga o soʻo se tagata LeTable1.1. E leai ni eseesega taua ile fefaʻasoaaʻi o itupa, o lona uiga o tausaga, tausaga, tausaga aʻoga, ma le faʻasoa i le va o vaega e lua. E ui lava o togi maualuluga o le HAMA ma le HAMD o le IAG na maualuga atu nai lo le NCG, e leai se eseesega taua na vaʻaia i le va o vaega e lua.
Laulau 1
Demographic ma falemaʻi uiga o faʻataʻitaʻiga.
| IAG | GNC | Fuainumera o suʻega | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fua faʻatusatusa feusuaʻi (M / F) | 60 (32 / 28) | 60 (32 / 28) | - |
| Le matua tausaga (SD) | 23 (5) | 23 (5) | - |
| Lima (R / M / L) | 23/15/22 | 22/17/21 | x2 = 3.60, p = 0.18, NS |
| Vaitausaga | 18-28 | 18-28 | - |
| Aʻoga tausaga (SD) | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.1 (2.2) | t = 0.585, p = 0.560, NS |
| Faʻamoemoe tumau (masina, SD) | 35.1 (11.0) | - | - |
| HAMA (SD) | 9.4 (3.2) | 8.4 (2.8) | t = 1.762, p = 0.081, NS |
| HAMD (SD) | 15.2 (4.8) | 13.5 (5.1) | t = 1.928, p = 0.056, NS |
IAG, Initaneti faʻaopopo kulupu; NCG, kulupu faʻatonutonu masani; M, tane; F, fafine; SD, faʻasologa masani; HAMA, Hamilton Manatuvale Fuaina; HAMD, Hamilton Pau Faʻafanoga Fua; NS, e le taua.
Aʻoga IAT e fesoʻotaʻi ma Initaneti
O le fua D-600 fua mo IAG o 0.3152 (fuataga masani = 0.3440), ma le uiga D-600 fua mo NCG o 0.0625 (fuataga masani = 0.2063). Tala feagai ma se tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga t-Test, sa i ai se eseʻesega taua i le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga IAT aafiaga mo taimi tali i le va o le IAG ma NCG, ma na faʻaalia ai faʻamalosia sili atu fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga i Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga i IAG nai lo NCG (t = 6.901, p = 0.001).
O le sao o le IAG o le 0.0251 (standard deviation = 0.0187), ma o le error rate mo NCG o le 0.0260 (standard deviation = 0.0191). E tusa i se tutoʻatasi faʻataʻitaʻiga t-Tofotofoga, leai ni eseesega taua i le tulaga sese mo le Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi IAT na maitauina i le va o IAG ma NCG (t = -0.356, p = 0.672).
Suʻesuʻega o faʻamatalaga e ono fesoʻotaʻi i mea e tutupu
O le latencies mean ma le amplitude o le vaega o le ERP (P1, N2, P3, ma le N4) o tagata auai uma o loʻo faʻaalia i Laulau LeTables22-5 ma Faʻatusa LeFigX22-5. O le faʻataʻatiaga faʻafanua o le tele averesi waveforms elicited e IAG-talafeagai tofotofoga faʻamalositino, IAG-le fetaui lelei faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamalosiʻau, NCG-talafeagai faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamalosia, ma NCG-le tutusa agavaʻa faʻamalosiʻau i Fz, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, ma O2 o loʻo faʻaalia o Ata LeFigure66.
Laulau 2
O tagata auai uma 'ERP P1 o lona uiga o latencies [uiga (SD), ms] ma uiga amplitude [uiga (SD), μV] *.
| Utu itulagi | IAG | GNC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | |||||
| Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | |
| Lobo muaʻi | 136 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 133 (10) | 3.4 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.3 (0.4) | 139 (12) | 3.5 (0.3) |
| Lalo Parietal | 130 (15) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (9) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (11) | 3.5 (0.5) | 136 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Lobo tutotonu | 137 (12) | 3.6 (0.5) | 136 (16) | 3.3 (0.6) | 141 (12) | 3.6 (0.4) | 133 (11) | 3.6 (0.6) |
| Lolo le tumau (T3) | 130 (15) | 3.4 (0.5) | 140 (13) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (12) | 3.4 (0.5) | 136 (10) | 3.3 (0.8) |
| Lolo le tumau (T4) | 135 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.6 (0.5) | 133 (13) | 3.5 (0.6) | 135 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Pepe masani | 134 (11) | 3.6 (0.7) | 132 (11) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (10) | 3.3 (0.5) | 132 (12) | 3.6 (0.6) |
Laulau 5
O tagata auai uma o le ERP N4 o lona uiga o latencies [uiga (SD), ms] ma uiga amplitude [uiga (SD), μV] *.
| Utu itulagi | IAG | GNC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | |||||
| Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | |
| Lobo muaʻi | 405 (14) | -4.0 (0.6) | 403 (15) | -3.9 (0.7) | 403 (15) | -4.1 (0.8) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (1.0) |
| Lalo Parietal | 400 (19) | -4.1 (0.8) | 402 (19) | -4.2 (0.9) | 401 (11) | -4.1 (0.7) | 405 (17) | -4.5 (0.8) |
| Lobo tutotonu | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.5) | 402 (17) | -4.2 (0.6) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (0.6) | 406 (14) | -4.6 (0.7) |
| Lolo le tumau (T3) | 406 (15) | -4.3 (0.6) | 401 (13) | -4.1 (0.5) | 404 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) | 402 (18) | -4.1 (0.9) |
| Lolo le tumau (T4) | 399 (17) | -4.1 (1.0) | 407 (18) | -4.2 (0.5) | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 400 (16) | -4.0 (0.6) |
| Pepe masani | 402 (18) | -4.3 (0.8) | 402 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 405 (18) | -4.1 (0.8) | 406 (16) | -4.2 (0.6) |
O le faʻataʻatiaga faʻafanua o le tele averesi waveforms elicited e IAG-talafeagai tofotofoga faʻamalositino, IAG-le fetaui lelei faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamalosiʻau, NCG-talafeagai faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamalosia, ma NCG-le tutusa agavaʻa faʻamalosiʻau i Fz, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, ma O2 . I IAG, i le Oz, O1, ma le O2 'upega tafaʻilagi, o fesoʻotaʻiga lelei fesoʻotaʻiga ma Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga faʻateleina tele lapopoʻa N2 ma P3.
Laulau 3
O tagata auai uma o le ERP N2 o lona uiga o latencies [uiga (SD), ms] ma uiga amplitude [uiga (SD), μV] *.
| Utu itulagi | IAG | GNC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | |||||
| Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | |
| Lalo Parietal | 196 (14) | -3.6 (0.7) | 200 (12) | -3.7 (0.6) | 201 (8) | -3.6 (0.7) | 195 (13) | -4.2 (0.6) |
| Lobo tutotonu | 203 (16) | -3.5 (0.9) | 199 (10) | -4.0 (0.8) | 197 (11) | -3.7 (0.5) | 197 (13) | -3.7 (0.8) |
| Lolo le tumau (T3) | 195 (11) | -3.8 (0.5) | 198 (10) | -3.9 (0.9) | 199 (16) | -3.8 (0.7) | 202 (8) | -3.9 (0.9) |
| Lolo le tumau (T4) | 194 (15) | -4.0 (0.8) | 195 (16) | -3.8 (0.6) | 201 (12) | -4.0 (0.4) | 198 (14) | -4.0 (0.8) |
| Pepe masani | 197 (13) | -6.2 (0.9) | 196 (15) | -4.1 (0.5) | 197 (10) | -3.6 (0.6) | 194 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) |
Laulau 4
O tagata auai uma 'ERP P3 o lona uiga o latencies [uiga (SD), ms] ma uiga amplitude [uiga (SD), μV] *.
| Utu itulagi | IAG | GNC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | Tofotofoga talafeagai | Faigata le talafeagai | |||||
| Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | Latini | Tele | |
| Lobo muaʻi | 297 (18) | 4.5 (0.6) | 296 (15) | 4.4 (0.7) | 296 (18) | 4.5 (0.8) | 300 (9) | 4.8 (1.0) |
| Lalo Parietal | 296 (19) | 4.6 (0.8) | 302 (12) | 4.7 (0.9) | 301 (11) | 4.6 (0.7) | 305 (17) | 4.9 (0.6) |
| Lobo tutotonu | 301 (16) | 4.5 (0.9) | 299 (17) | 4.7 (0.8) | 297 (15) | 4.7 (0.6) | 297 (13) | 4.7 (0.7) |
| Lolo le tumau (T3) | 295 (14) | 4.8 (0.7) | 298 (13) | 4.9 (0.9) | 304 (16) | 4.8 (0.7) | 302 (18) | 4.9 (0.9) |
| Lolo le tumau (T4) | 294 (17) | 4.5 (1.0) | 303 (16) | 4.8 (0.6) | 301 (12) | 5.0 (0.6) | 298 (16) | 5.0 (0.6) |
| Pepe masani | 299 (16) | 6.8 (0.9) | 302 (17) | 4.8 (0.8) | 297 (18) | 4.6 (0.9) | 306 (16) | 4.8 (0.8) |
Faʻaaogaina le P1, N2, P3, ma le N4 e faʻalagolago iai suiga, o le 2 × 2 × 6 fefiloi faʻasolosolo ANOVA i luga o le masani latencies ma uiga amplitude, ma le kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) o se va i le va o le mataupu vaega ma tulaga faʻaosofia (talafeagai tofotofoga vs. tofotofoga le talafeagai) ma itulagi laʻau (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, tutotonu lobe, temporal lobe (T3), temporal lobe (T4), ma occipital lobe) pei o totonu-mataupu itu, na faia.
P1 vaega
E leai ni aoga taua mo le P1 latency ma amplitude.
N2 vaega
E leai ni aoga taua mo le N2 latency. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai se fesoʻotaʻiga taua i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) ma tulaga faʻaosofia (faʻafetaui tofotofoga vs. faʻataʻitaʻiga tofotofoga) [F(1, 119) = 32.76, p = 0.000]. O faʻafaigofie suʻesuʻega o aʻafiaga na faʻaalia ai o le N2 amplitude e lapoʻa i lalo o le IAG-talafeagai tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi nai lo lalo o le IAG-le tutusa tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi [F(1, 119) = 5.10, p = 0.018]. I le IAG, o fesoʻotaʻiga le mautinoa i faʻamatalaga i luga ole Initaneti na faʻaosoina ai lapopoa tetele N2. Sa i ai le taua tolu-ala fegalegaleaiga i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG), stimulus tulaga (talafeagai tofotofoga vs. le talafeagai tofotofoga) ma itulagi itulagi (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, tutotonu lobe, temporal lobe (T3), temporal lobe (T4 ), ma occipital lobe) [F(4, 236) = 9.35, p = 0.000]. O faʻamatalaga faigofie na faʻaalia ai le taua o fegalegaleaiga i le va o le kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) ma le tulaga faʻaosofia (faʻafetaui tofotofoga ma le le faʻaaogaina o faʻataʻitaʻiga) i luga o le lalolagi occipital lobe sites [F(1, 119) = 29.78, p = 0.000]. I nofoaga o loʻo maua ai i lalo o le tino, o faʻataʻitaʻiga talafeagai a le IAG na faʻaosofia ai le lapopoʻa o le N2 nai lo le IAG. E leai ni mea taua na tupu i le pito i luma, o le paepae, o le totonugalemū, o le tino (T3), ma le nofoaga o le tino (T4).
P3 vaega
E leai ni aafiaga taua mo le P3 latency. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai se fesoʻotaʻiga taua i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) ma tulaga faʻaosofia (faʻafetaui tofotofoga vs. faʻataʻitaʻiga tofotofoga) [F(1, 119) = 35.86, p = 0.000]. O faʻamatalaga faigofie na faʻaalia mai ai o le P3 amplitude na lapoʻa i lalo o le IAG-talafeagai tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi nai lo lalo o le IAG-le tutusa tulaga faʻataʻitaʻi [F(1, 119) = 6.47, p = 0.025]. I le IAG, o faʻafesoʻotaʻiga lelei ma fesoʻotaʻiga i luga ole Initaneti na faʻaosoina ai le tele o P3 amplitude. Sa i ai le taua tolu-ala fegalegaleaiga i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG), stimulus tulaga (talafeagai tofotofoga vs. le talafeagai tofotofoga) ma itulagi itulagi (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, tutotonu lobe, temporal lobe (T3), temporal lobe (T4 ), ma occipital lobe) [F(4, 236) = 8.65, p = 0.000]. O faʻataʻitaʻiga o aʻafiaga faigofie na faʻaalia ai le taua o fegalegaleaiga i le va o kulupu (IAG vs. NCG) ma le tulaga faʻaosofia (faʻafetaui tofotofoga vs. le faʻafetauiina faʻataʻitaʻiga) i le occipital lobe 'upega tafaʻilagi [F(1, 119) = 30.42, p = 0.000]. I 'upega tafaʻilagi a le Occipital lobe, o faʻataʻitaʻiga talafeagai a le IAG na faʻaosoina ai le lapopoʻa o le p3 nai lo le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le IAG. E leai ni aafiaga taua i le pito i luma, o le paʻu, o le totonugalemu, o le tino (T3), ma le nofoaga o le tino (T4).
N4 vaega
E leai ni aoga taua mo le N4 latency ma le lautele.
Talanoaga
O lenei suʻesuʻega o le muamua lea e faʻaaoga le ERPs e suʻesuʻe ai neura faʻafesoʻotaʻiga o le le malamalama lelei i le faʻaaogaina o le Initaneti i vaisu i Initaneti. O a matou suʻesuʻega faʻaiuga na faʻaalia ai le faʻamalosia o fesoʻotaʻiga faʻaalia i aga o fesoʻotaʻiga i le Initaneti i le IAG nai lo le NCG, ma le IAG, o faʻafesoʻotaʻiga lelei i fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le Initaneti na faʻaosoina ai le lapoʻa o le N2 ma le P3 i nisi o nofoaga o loʻo i lalo o le upega tafailagi.
O suʻesuʻega na faia muamua, na faʻailoa mai ai, o se ituaiga o vaisu o amioga, o loʻo avea ai ma vaisu i Initaneti le tele o psychopathological foliga ma le faʻalagolago i vailaʻau (1, 24). Suesuega o vailaʻau faʻalagolago ua faʻailoa mai o gaioiga autu e fesoʻotaʻi i le faʻamalosia ma le malamalama i le atinaʻeina ma le tausiga o vailaʻau faʻalagolago, aemaise lava i le faʻagasologa o le malamalamaʻaga, fai ma sui togafitiga talafeagai mo psychosocial ma vailaʻau faʻapitoa (25).
Tele sikola na fautua mai o faʻatalanoaga faʻaalia e taua tele i le vailaʻau ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu (26). I le sefulu tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o le tele o suʻesuʻega, faʻaaogaina o le IAT, ua faʻamaonia pe o vailaʻau poʻo amioga ua fai ma vaisu o loʻo faʻaalia ai le faʻaituau. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o se suʻesuʻega na faʻaaoga ai le IAT-Recoding Free (IAT-RF) e fua ai le vaʻaiga aoga o fesuiaʻiga-leai ni fesoʻotaʻiga faʻamalosi asosi faʻatasi ai ma lagona faʻaosofia lelei (27); o le isi suʻesuʻega talu ai, lea na faʻaaogaina ai le IAT faʻafouina ma ata ponokalafi, suʻesuʻeina pe o tamaʻitaʻi tamaʻitaʻi tagata auai e i ai uiga i le fai ma vaisu i luga ole laiga (26). O suʻesuʻega e lua ua taʻua i luga, ua faaalia ai o le fegalegaleai ma fegasoloaʻiga lelei e ono avea ma vaega taua i vailaʻau ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu.
E o gatasi ma se suʻesuʻega talu ai, o matou iʻuga na faʻailoa mai ai o tagata i luga ole Initaneti o loʻo i ai ni uiga agaʻi i faʻamatalaga i luga ole Initaneti.
O mea e tutupu e faʻatatau i mea e tutupu o se ituaiga o tulaga maualuga i le taimi nei o fofoina o faiʻai o le tagata. Talu ai o ERP o loʻo faʻaalia ai le televave o fesuiaiga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le autu o faʻagasologa neurocognitive, ua talafeagai ai e faʻalauteleina lo tatou malamalamaaga i lalo o neural faʻavae o suiga i le taimi o le amataga o vailaʻau ma amioga vaisu (25).
Ole tele o suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina le vaega ole ERP ile taimi na auai ai mataupu ile galuega IAT. I se suʻesuʻega na muamua atu, e lua faʻamalosiʻau lelei faʻamalosiʻau ma faʻamalosiʻau faʻamalosi e lua na faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻailoga vaega. O iʻuga na faʻaalia ai le puʻupuʻu o tali atu mo faʻataʻitaʻiga talafeagai pe a faʻatusatusa i faʻataʻitaʻiga le talafeagai, ma faʻataʻitaʻiga talafeagai na faʻaosofia ai gaioiga sili atu o galu lelei i totonu o le ogatotonu ma le vaega o le fanua peʻa faʻatusatusa i le le fetaui o faʻataʻitaʻiga (28). O se suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai, ina ua faia e tagata o loʻo auai se galuega IAT, o le ERP na puʻeina na faʻaalia ai le N2 e tele atu i le faʻaosoina o fualaʻau, ma ua latou faʻamalamalamaina o le ERP N2 amplitude na atagia mai ai le sili atu o le mataʻituina o tali (29). O le isi suʻesuʻega na faʻaalia ai o le tele o faiʻai vaega, e aofia ai medial frontal, cingulate, insular, left-temporal, ma le parietal cortex, na gafa ma le ERP N2- ma le P3-fesoʻotaʻi gaioiga i le taimi na faia IAT (10).
I lenei suʻesuʻega, i lalo o tulaga faʻaosofia o faʻafetaui tofotofoga, o le lelei fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga i Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻiga faʻaalia tele N2 ma P3 amplitude i occipital lobe '' upega tafaʻilagi Initaneti tagata. E ui lava o le ERP e leaga i le spatial iugafono, e ono mafai ona maua ai faʻamaoniga o nisi cerebral cortices (pei o le posterior cingulate cortex) i luga o le tino lobe 'upega tafaʻilagi e nafa ma le le faʻaituau foliga i Initaneti-fesoʻotaʻi i Initaneti tagata fai mausa.
Aotelega, o tagata taʻitoʻatasi ma le tagofia o mea i luga ole Initaneti o loʻo iai ni fesoʻotaʻiga faʻafesoʻotaʻi agaʻi i le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga ole Initaneti, ma le fesoʻotaʻiga faʻafesoʻotaʻi agaʻi i faʻamatalaga i luga ole Initaneti na maua ai suiga i ERP (ie, tele atu N2 ma P3 amplitude i vaʻaia i luga ole laiga).
O le faʻamautuina o le ERP uiga o le faʻaaoga faʻapitoa i le Initaneti o le a fesoasoani i le malamalama i le natura o vaisu i Initaneti; E le gata i lea, o faʻaiuga e mafai ona maua ai se faʻavae faʻavae mo le atinaʻeina o le ono puipuia ma togafiti togafiti mo Initaneti.
O lenei suʻesuʻega e i ai ni tapulaʻa. I le tasi itu, o le faʻaaogaina o le Suʻesuʻeina o Fesili fesili mo le Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu e le o saʻo ona o lona aoga o se meafaigaluega faʻataʻitaʻi e leʻi faʻamaonia. I leisi itu, ia faʻamautinoaina le faʻavasegaina o le neura faʻapitoa i le Initaneti faʻamatalaga i le Initaneti o mea ua fai ma vaisu faʻalagolago i le tuʻufaʻatasia i le va o faʻavaitaimi iugafono ma fofo faʻapitoa i neuroimaging; ae ui i lea, o le ERP e naʻo le tuʻuina mai ose faʻaiuga tumau sili ona lelei. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona faʻaaoga ai le faʻamaoniga lelei mo mea fai ma vaisu i luga ole Initaneti ma le fMRI e fua ai le faʻaogaina o le neuroina i le Initaneti.
Fesoasoani tusitala
ZZ ma HZhou na fuafuaina le suʻesuʻega. LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu, ma le ZZ na faia le faʻataʻitaʻiga. LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu, ma le ZZ na suʻesuʻeina faʻamatalaga ma tusia tusitusiga. O tusitala uma na faamaonia le vaega mulimuli o le tusitusiga mo le lolomiina.
Feteenaʻiga o tului
Fai mai tusitala o le suʻesuʻega sa faia i le leai o soʻo se fefaʻatauaʻiga faʻapisinisi pe tau tupe e mafai ona avea o se feteenaʻiga e ono aʻafia ai.
tautinoga
O lenei suʻesuʻega na lagolagoina e le National Natural Science Foundation, Saina (No. 81471354) ma Key Talents Project Foundation mo Fomaʻi ma Soifua Maloloina Auaunaga, Jiangsu Itumalo (Nu. ZDRCC2016019).
;
