Sinke, C., J. Engel, M. Veit, U. Hartmann, T. Hillemacher, J. Kneer, ma THC Kruger.
NeuroImage: Falemai (2020): 102308.
faatumutumuga
- O ata mataga e aafia ai le manatuaina o mea e fai i se galuega e le i tua.
- O tagata mamaʻi ma amioga faʻamalosi faʻamalosi e faʻaalia le telegese o taimi e tali atu ai pe a tuʻuina mai ma tagata faʻasoesa.
- O le faʻaititia o faʻatinoga e fesoʻotaʻi ma ponokalafi faʻaaogaina i le vaiaso talu ai.
- Gaoioiga i le gagana gyrus e fesoʻotaʻi ma le le lelei gaioiga.
lē faʻatino
O ponokalafi na faia pea lava pea i le ogatotonu o le vaʻai lautele ma ua fefinauaʻi fefinauaʻi mo se taimi umi. Peitaʻi, e laititi se mea e iloa e uiga i le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o faʻamalosiʻau ma ata a le tagata lava ia (neuronal) faʻagaioiga o le mafaufau ma mea e manatua. Lenei, o le aʻafiaga ma neural faʻavae o ponokalafi ata i luga o gaioiga manatuaina gaioiga i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o mataupu ma amioga feusuaʻi na suʻesuʻeina. O le mea lea, a o faʻaaogaina le imaging magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), o se tusi n-back galuega ma leai ni ata poʻo ni ata ponokalafi i tua na faʻaaogaina i 38 tagata mamaʻi ma 31 soifua maloloina faʻatonutonu. I luga o le amio amioga, tagata gasegase na lemu i lalo e ponokalafi mea e faʻalagolago ia latou ponokalafi taumafaina i le vaiaso talu ai, lea na atagia mai i le maualuga faʻagaoioia i le lingual gyrus. I se faʻaopopoga, na faʻaalia ai e le gutu gagana le maualuga o le tuʻufaʻatasia o fesoʻotaʻiga i le inula i le taimi o faʻagasolo ai ponokalafi faʻamalosi i le vaega onosaʻi. I se faatusatusaga, o mataupu maloloina na faʻaalia vave tali pe a fetaiaʻi ma ponokalafi ata na o le maualuga avega mafaufau. E le gata i lea, o tagata gasegase na faʻaalia se sili atu faʻamanatuga mo ponokalafi ata i se ofo faʻatauaina galuega faʻatusatusa i pulega, tautala mo se maualuga maualuga talafeagai o ponokalafi mea i le kulupu kulupu. O nei sailiga e o gatasi ma le manatu faʻaosofia o le faʻaalia o le tagofia o mea ua fai ma vaisu, ae maise lava i le maualuga atu o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le upega tafaʻilagi ma le insula o se autu autu ma o le maualuga gaioiga gaioiga i le taimi o gaioiga o ponokalafi ata faʻatatau i talu ai nei ponokalafi taumafaina.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102308
1. faʻatomuaga
O ponokalafi na faia pea lava pea i le ogatotonu o le vaʻai lautele ma ua fefinauaʻi fefinauaʻi mo se taimi umi. O finauga e afua mai i le faʻaalia o le saolotoga o feusuaiga a o agaʻi i luma le agafesoʻotaʻi i le mafuaʻaga o feusuaiga faʻamalosi ma aʻafiaga mataʻutia. Peitaʻi, e laititi se mea e iloa e uiga i le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o faʻamalosiʻau ma ata a le tagata lava ia (neuronal) faʻagaioiga o le mafaufau ma mea e manatua. E ala i le faigofie faigofie ona maua, gafatia ma le faalauiloaina le initaneti ofaina i nei aso, ponokalafi taumafaina o loʻo tuputupu aʻe (Cooper, 1998, Lewczuk et al., 2019). Peitaʻi, o le soʻona faʻaoga o ponokalafi e mafai ona avea ma faʻailoga o amioga mataga faʻamalosi (CSB). O le faʻamaʻi o le CSB o loʻo faʻaalia e se faiga faifai pea o le le faʻatonutonuina o le malosi, toe faia faʻamalosi o feusuaʻiga poʻo ni unaʻi e mafua ai le toe faia o amioga feusuaʻi ma faʻafitauli o le mafaufau (Faalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi, 2018). E faʻavae i luga o suʻesuʻega, e iai le manatu o 3-7% o fafine ma le 10.3% - 11% o aliʻi e aʻafia.Dickenson et al., 2018, Grubbs et al., 2019). Peitaʻi, e le gata ina faʻaalia e le soʻona faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i luga o le upega tafailagi ae mafai foi ona faʻaalia e ala i amioga 'ola moni', e pei o le aʻafia i feusuaʻiga le mautinoa poʻo feusuaiga le iloa. O le aetiology e le o manino nei ma CSB e masani ona talanoaina e faʻatatau i vaisu (Kraus et al., 2016), aemaise lava pei neuroimaging suʻesuʻega ua faʻaalia ai le aofia ai o le taui matagaluega i le CSB, aemaise lava e uiga i le ventral striatum (Brand et al., 2016, Gola ma Draps, 2018, Gola et al., 2017, Voon et al., 2014). I se faʻaopopoga, ponokalafi taumafaina fesoʻotaʻiga eseesega i le striatum ua maitauina foʻi i soifua maloloina mataupu (Kühn ma Gallinat, 2014). O le maualuga striatal gaioiga i CSB e sili ona ogatusa ma le faaosofia salience teori (IST) (Robinson ma Berridge, 1993, Robinson ma Berridge, 2008, Robinson et al., 2016), lea e eseʻese ai le 'manaʻomia (eg, manaʻoga) ma le' fiafia '(eg, faʻafiafiaga aʻafiaga) i faʻaosofia amioga. E fautuaina ai o le dopaminergic system e maua ai ni fualaʻau e fesoʻotaʻi ma le amio faʻaosofia e sili atu ona aliali mai ('incidence salience'). O le faʻalauteleina o le faʻaosofia e faʻateleina ai le malamalama e ala i le faʻagaoioia o le taui polokalama, lea e mafai mulimuli ane ona oʻo atu ai i mausa. Theoretically, o le matafaioi a le faʻaalia o le faʻatonutonuina o le mafaufau i se amio e faʻatatau i le faʻatulagaina o sini (Parr ma Friston, 2017, Parr ma Friston, 2019). O le mea lea, o gaioiga faʻaosofia tatau ona puʻeina mai manatu (Kerzel ma Schönhammer, 2013). O le matauina o feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi e tosina mai ai le mafaufau e mafai ona faʻaalia e faʻaaogaina ai se togi-suʻesuʻe gaioiga ma feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi ma se laina faamasani galuega (Kagerer et al., 2014). E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina o le dot-probe task, e mafai ona faʻaalia o mataupu faʻaaoga tele i luga o le initaneti o mea mataga faʻapitoa e sili atu le faʻaituau i mea tau faʻafeusuaiga mataga (Mechelmans et al., 2014), e tau atu ai i taimi na vave ona tali atu. Peitaʻi, mo le togi-suʻesuʻe galuega, fefiloi faʻamatalaga oi ai, pei Tatalo ma isi. (2008) maua vave (ma le le faʻatelegese) taimi tali atu i feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi, ae o isi gaioiga faʻailoa mai foi le faʻaalia o le faʻaituau i feusuaiga faʻamalosi. Faʻaaogaina o se vaʻaia suʻesuʻe galuega, faʻaituau faʻaituau i ata ma ata faʻaosofia e mafai ona faʻaalia i maloloina mataupu (Pekal et al., 2018). E le gata i lea, o se fesoʻotaʻiga lelei fesoʻotaʻi agaʻi i mea tau feusuaiga i mataupu maloloina e mafai ona faʻaalia e faʻaaoga ai se auala-aloese galuega (Sklenarik et al., 2019, Stark et al., 2017). I se faʻaopopoga, faʻaituau faʻaituau i feusuaiga taui na faʻaalia i le CSB (Banca et al., 2016). E le gata i lea, i se suʻesuʻega ma le soifua maloloina o tamaloloa tagata auai, e mafai ona faʻaalia o le galue manatuaina o faʻatinoga mo ponokalafi mea sa le atoatoa (Laier et al., 2013), ae pe o ponokalafi mea e tosina ese mai le galue manatua gaioiga e le lelei suʻesuʻeina. I luga o neural level, e mafai ona faʻaalia o le faʻaumiumi taimi o tali i se faʻavasegaina o ata galuega ma se galuega faʻatonutonu laina luga o ponokalafi faʻamalosi e tau atu i le faʻaaluina taimi tali atu ma maualuga faʻagaoioia i le caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, ACC, ma OFC, lea sa faʻauigaina o se aʻafia i le faʻailoga (Strahler et al., 2018).
O le mea lea, matou te faʻamoemoe e suʻesuʻe le faʻalavelaveina o ponokalafi ma le galueina o gaioiga faʻagasologa e ala i le faʻaaogaina o ata e mafai ona faʻataʻitaʻi ai le resonance magnet (fMRI) i le taimi o le n-back letter task ma le faʻalavelaveina o ata ma ata e le o ponokalafi i tua. Matou te manatu o le sili atu gaioiga ponokalafi mea e tosina ese ai le tagata mai le gaioiga, o le tele o mea sese ma / poʻo le faʻaumiumi taimi tali atu o le a tutupu, pei Fried ma Johanson (2008) saunia faʻamaoniga e fautua mai ai o mea tau feusuaʻiga mafai ona avea ma faʻalavelave e faʻalavelave i le gaioiga o le oloa faʻamatalaga. I se faʻaopopoga, matou te mananaʻo ia iloa pe o tagata faʻaalia le tele o amioga faʻafeusuaiga e sili atu ona ono maua i lona faʻalavelave faʻalavelave. Lenei mafai ona avea ma faʻailoga o ponokalafi mea e sili atu faʻaosofia lagona faʻaosofia mo nei mataupu ma o le a ogatusa ma le IST pei, e tusa ai ma le talitonuga, mea-fai ma vaisu mea e tatau ona sili atu faʻaalia (Robinson et al., 2016). O le mea lea, matou faʻatusatusa tama tane ma CSB i maloloina soifua maloloina. Ona o lo latou naunautaiga ma feusuaiga (Kraus et al., 2016), mataupu ma tele feusuaʻiga amioga tatau ona sili atu faʻalavelaveina e ponokalafi mea ma tatau ona faia sili leaga / lemu i le taimi o le faʻaalia o feusuaʻiga. I luga o le neuronal level, o le distracting effects tatau ona faʻatusalia e eseesega i le frontoparietal attention network o nei mataupu faʻatusatusa i maloloina soifua maloloina.
2. Metotia
Mataupu
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamatalaina o se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le SEX@BRAIN suʻesuʻega, e aofia ai ma mataupu uma na auai i suʻega fMRI. O se faʻamatalaga auiliili o le faʻafaigaluegaina ma le faʻataʻitaʻiga atoa e mafai ona maua i totonu Engel et al. (2019). Na amata le aufaigaluega i se pepa o faamatalaga, ma e 539 alii na tali ane i ai. I nei tagata na faʻailoa mai, e 201 na mafai ona oʻo atu i le telefoni mo le muaʻi suʻesuʻega o aiaiga ua fuafuaina a Kafka (Kafka, 2010). Afai o le mafatiaga na mafua mai lava i le le ola aʻiaʻi poʻo le solia o tulafono aʻiaʻi, o mataupu e leʻi mafaufauina mo le auai. (tagai mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga Lewczuk et al., 2020 mo se talanoaga). I le aotelega, o le 73 o mataupu na suʻesuʻeina na feiloaʻi ma le tolu o nei faʻavae. I le faʻagasologa atili, 50 o mataupu suʻesuʻe na filifili e auai i le suʻesuʻega. Tolu mataupu na faʻateʻaina post-hoc, aua latou te leʻi oʻo i le tipi maualalo togi o le 53 i luga o le Hypersexual behaviour Inventory 19 (Reid et al., 2011). Faʻatonutonu mataupu na puʻeina faʻaaoga faʻasalalauga i luga ole laupepa o le Hannover Medical School. E toʻa 85 aliʻi na tali ane, ae toʻa 29 aliʻi e leʻi tali mai i meli poʻo telefoni. Mai le toʻa 56 tamaloloa, 38 tamaloloa na aofia i le suʻesuʻega. O tagata na auai na faʻateʻaina talu ai le le atoatoa o le mafaufau (e pei ona fuaina e le Wechsler Matutua Matutua Fua-IV) (Wechsler, 2013), o se faʻaletonu o le mafaufau poʻo se vaega ogaoga o le mafaufau (iloiloina ma le Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 1 disorders (SCID-I)) (Wittchen et al., 1997), ogaoga manuʻa ulu, homosexual orientation luga o le Kinsey fua (Kinsey et al., 1948), ma paedophilic feusuaiga fiafia (iloiloina i se semi-fausaga faatalanoaga). O amioga ma fMRI faʻamaumauga na maua mai i le 81 tamaʻitaʻi tamaʻitaʻi itupa. Naʻo le suʻesuʻeina o aliʻi e iai le CSB, aua o aliʻi nei e suʻe fesoasoani ile tele o taimi e feutanaʻi ai ma e sili atu ona faigofie ona maua. O mataupu na iai le tamaʻitaʻi ma tamaʻitaʻi, na le aofia ai, ona o ata mataga o ata ma amioga faʻaafeusuaiga a aliʻi ma fafine. Mai le toʻa 50 tagata mamaʻi, e toʻalima e leʻi agavaʻa i le suʻesuʻega a le MRI ona o le tuʻuina ese atu o le MRI ma le mataupu e tasi ona o vailaʻau na aʻafia ai lana feusuaʻiga (salvacyl). O le mea lea, 44 tamaloloa na aofia ai o tagata mamaʻi ma feusuaʻiga amioga na auai i le MRI faʻataʻitaʻiga. O le soifua maloloina faʻatonutonu kulupu aofia ai 37 mataupu, aʻo le tasi le mafai ona auai i le MRI ona o muamua le iloa claustrophobia. Mo le suʻesuʻega mulimuli, ono mataupu na tatau ona aveʻesea ona o le tele o le ulu gaioiga (tolu i le kulupu ma le ulu gaioiga> 2 mm), tasi tagata gasegase ona o se ulu manuʻa, tasi pulea ona o talu ai nei ulu tiga, tasi pulea tagata auai ona o le maualuga HBI (ae le mafaamatalaina lagona) faʻavae i luga o le faʻatalanoaga, tasi tagata onosaʻi ona o le maualalo Hypersexual behaviour Inventory (HBI) togi (≤53) (ae o lagona manino) faʻavae luga o le faʻatalanoaga, tasi pulea mataupu mafuaʻaga i se homosexual orientation ma le tasi tagata maʻi. ona o le le atoatoa faʻamatalaga. O le mea lea, MRI faʻamaumauga o 38 tagata maʻi ma 31 faʻatautaia na auiliiliina. O le suʻesuʻega na faia e tusa ai ma le Tautinoga a Helsinki ma na faamaonia e le komiti o amioga lelei i le lotoifale. O mataupu na tuuina atu le maliega tusitusia e auai, saoloto e toʻesea mai le suʻesuʻega i soʻo se taimi ma mauaina le totogiina mo lo latou auai.
Fesili Faʻalemafaufau
Ina ia mafai ona maua amioga faʻafeusuaiga, o le HBI (Reid et al., 2011) ma le toe teuteuga o le Suʻega o Faʻafeusuaiga o Faʻataʻitaʻiga (SAST-R) (Carnes et al., 2010) na faʻaaogaina ma auiliiliina e tusa ma le tusi lesona. Mo le HBI, o le tipi-ese le aoga o le 53 na faʻaaogaina, ae mo le SAST-R, o le tipi ese-aoga o le 6 mo aitema autu (1-20) na faʻaaogaina. E le gata i lea, o le faʻatalatalanoaga faʻatulagaina sa faʻatinoina ona faʻaavanoaina i tagata o le vasega uiga faʻafeusuaiga, faʻapea foi ma le fesili fesili a le SIS / SES (Janssen et al., 2002) e iloilo le uiga faʻafeusuaiga faʻaosofia / taofiofia. Mo faʻamatalaga, vaʻai Engel et al. (2019).
fMRI Faʻatauga o Faʻamatalaga
MRI faʻamaumauga na mauaina i luga o le Siemens 3T Skyra tamoʻe Syngo VE11 faʻaaogaina le masani 64 auala ulu coil. O le aofaʻi o 84 axial slices (iugafono 2 × 2 × 2 mm) i le aofaʻi o tusi na maua i le siʻitia i luga o faʻasologa e faʻaaoga ai le gradient i le taimi e tasi multislice EPI T2 * faʻasologa faʻasologa ma le mulimuli mai tapulaʻa: taimi toe fai (TR) = 1.55 s, taimi siʻuleo (TE ) = 32 ms, flip angle = 90 °, fanua o le vaʻai = 256 × 256 mm ma le saoasaoa vaega = 4. A o leʻi amataina le faʻataʻitaʻiga, na maua ai se ata maualuga o le ata anatomical mo tagata auai taʻitasi e faʻaaoga le T1 weighted magnetization saunia vave mauaina gradient faasologa o siʻuleo (iugafono 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9 mm, TR = 2.3 s, TE = 3 ms, seevae tosotoso = 9 ° ma le vaaiga o vaaiga = 255 × 270 mm).
fMRI Galue Fuafuaina
Suesuega Paradigm
O lenei suʻesuʻega o se vaega o se faʻasologa o suʻesuʻega suʻesuʻeina mataupu ma amioga faʻafeusuaiga (Sex@Brain-Study). O mataupu uma na talosagaina e taofi mai gaioiga faʻafeusuaiga 24 h aʻo leʻi auai. O iinei, matou te fiafia i le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave o mea faʻafeusuaiga faʻaalia i luga o gaioiga manatua galuega. O le mea lea, na fa'aaogaina ai se galuega tusi n-back ma fa'alavelave fa'afeusuaiga ma ata e le fa'afeusuaiga i tua. I le taimi o lenei suʻega na faʻafeiloaʻi ai mataupu ma mea faʻapitoa ponokalafi mo le taimi muamua i le suʻesuʻega atoa. O le fa'ata'ita'iga na aofia ai i ni mea e tolu: o le va o vaega e fa'atatau i le SEKSUAL BEHAVIOR (pulea/ma'i) fa'apea fo'i ma mataupu i totonu FAIGATELE (1-tua/2-tua) ma le EXPLICITNESS (ata o lo'o fa'aalia ai ulugalii e tamo'e/ulugali'i a'o feusua'i). Aʻo leʻi faia le galuega, na faʻatagaina mataupu e faʻataʻitaʻi le 1-back ma le 2-back version o le galuega e aunoa ma le faʻalavelaveina o ata. E tasi le itula talu ona maeʻa le fua o le fMRI, na faia ai se galuega faʻailoa e leʻi faʻailoaina e suʻe ai pe o le toe maua mai o manatuaga o faʻamaʻi i tua e ese mai i le va o maʻi ma pule.
fMRI Faʻataʻitaʻiga
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga a le fMRI e aofia ai poloka e 24, ono o tulaga taʻitasi (1-i tua ma ata manino o talaaga, 2-tua ma ata manino o talaʻaga, 1-tua ma le le faapito ata o talaaga ma le 2-tua ma le le mautonu ata i tua atu), faʻaalia i le faasologa o laina. ma le tapulaʻa e le sili atu i le lua poloka o le tutusa tulaga na faʻaalia i se laina. Na latou amata uma i le faʻalauiloaina o le galuega faʻatonuga (1-tua poʻo le 2-tua) mo le 6 s. Ma, o poloka taʻitasi sa i ai le umi o le 20 s, lea e 10 mataʻitusi (A – Z e aunoa ma ni leo faʻavasega leo, o le fuataga tele 80, ituaiga faʻailoga: Arial ma le vai lanu: paʻepaʻe) na faʻaalia ma se galuega-le taua ata i tua atu. O mataitusi taʻitasi ma ata i tua atu na vaʻaia mo le 1 s, sosoʻo ai ma le faʻamautuina o koluse faʻaalia mo le 1 s. I totonu o poloka taʻitasi, e tolu mataʻitusi mataʻitusi na tuʻufaʻatasia i se faʻasologa saʻo. Na faʻaiʻuina uma i latou i le va o poloka i le va o le 4-8 s (uiga o le 6 s), ma na toe faʻaalia foʻi le koluse faʻamau. O mataupu na faatonuina le tali atu i le mataitusi mataitusi e ala i le oomiina o le tamatamai lima taumatau luga o le tali masini.
Gaoioiga Aloaia e Le Faʻalauiloaina
E tasi le itula talu ona maeʻa le faʻataʻitaʻiga a le fMRI, ae auai loa mataupu i se galuega e leʻi faʻailoaina mai, sa faia i fafo atu o le scanner. Lenei, o le 80 ata na faʻaaogaina i le faʻataʻitaʻiga ma le 80 muamua le iloa ata na faʻaalia, ma mataupu e tatau ona faʻailoa mai o latou manatuaina talitonuga i luga o le 6-togi fua fua (mautinoa iloa, masalo iloa, le mautinoa mautinoa, le mautinoa fou, ono fou ma mautinoa fou ). O faʻataʻitaʻiga uma lava na amata ile faʻamautuina o koluse mo le 1 s. Ma, na faʻaalia le ata mo le 2 s, sosoʻo ai ma le fua faʻatuatuaina, lea na faʻaalia seʻia maeʻa faia e le mataupu a latou filifiliga. O le mea lea na amata ai le isi faamasinoga. Faʻailoaina le saʻo na manatu o se faʻalagolago fesuiaʻiga.
Suauu
O le faʻaalia o faʻamalosiʻau ma faʻamaumauina o faʻamatalaga amioga na faʻatautaia e le faʻaaogaina o le Presentation® software (Presentation 16.3, Neurobeh behavioral Systems Inc.,
Berkley, CA, USA; www.neurobs.com) ma na faʻaalia i luga o le 32 ”mataitu mai NordicNeuroLab (NNL) (Bergen, Nouei; www.nordicneurolab.com), lea na tuu i luma o le tagata maʻi ma vaaia e ala i se faʻata. O tali na aoina ma tali mai le NNL.
Faʻaosiga Vaaia
O faʻaaliga vaʻaia o le galuega i tua e aofia ai mataʻitusi tetele o le alafapeta (A – Z). Mo ata i tua atu, 20 ata o loʻo faʻaalia ai feusuaʻiga heterosexual, 20 ata o loʻo faʻaalia ai le faʻaosofia o le tautala, 20 ata o loʻo faʻaali mai ai se ulugaliʻi ma 20 ata o loʻo faʻaalia se ulugaliʻi tamoʻe. O ata na tufatufa tutusa i tulaga eseese. O le mea lea, 10 feusuaʻiga ata ma 10 gutu gaioiga ata na faʻaalia i le 1-tua tulaga, ae o isi 20 ata na faʻaaoga e avea ma talaaga i tua le 2-tua tulaga. O le mea lava na faia mo le tulaga le mautonu. Taʻitasi stimulus na faʻaalia faʻatolu taimi mo 2 s i le taimi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga atoa.
fMRI Faʻagasologa o Ata
O ata DICOM na liua i le NIFTI faatulagaga faʻaaogaina dcm2nii. Ina ua maeʻa le aveʻesea muamua o le lima suʻesuʻega e tauia ai le T1 saturation effects, na faʻaaoga loa le scans e faʻatulagaina. Mulimuli ane, o le uiga o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le ata o le ata na faʻatasi ona lesitalaina i ata T1 taʻitasi. Faʻatulagaina ma faʻagaioiga ata na masani ai i le MNI avanoa ma le voxel tele o 2 × 2 × 2 mm ma faʻaleleiina ma le 4 × 4 × 4 mm FWHM Gaussian kernel faʻaaogaina SPM12.
Iloiloga Faʻamaumauga
Iloiloina o Faʻamatalaga Amioga
O amioga faʻamaumauga na otometi lava ona puʻeina e le Presentation® ma auʻiliʻili faʻaaogaina SPSS © (IBM Inc.). O suʻesuʻega faʻafuainumera na faʻatinoina e faʻaaogaina ai suʻesuʻega e lua, ma o le t-taua <0.05 sa taua tele i fuainumera. O numera uma, seʻi vagana taimi na tali mai ai, na faailoa mai o le aofaʻi o le aofaʻi o le tulaga masani. Mo taimi na tali atu, na suʻesuʻeina le median ± standard deviation. Tufatufaina masani na suʻesuʻeina faʻaaogaina ai le Kolmogorov-Smirnov suʻega. E pei ona masani ona tufatufaina uma fesuiaiga faʻalagolago, sa faʻaaoga i taimi uma le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le parametric. Faʻavasegaina i le va o faʻaogaina ma amioga faʻamatalaga na iloiloina faʻaaogaina ai le coefficient o le faʻatasiga a Pearson. Tonu i le i-tua ma aloaʻia galuega na suia i le pasene o saʻo tali ma arc-sine suia ina ia mautinoa mautinoa tufatufaina.
FMRI Analysis
O faʻamatalaga suʻesuʻe na faia e faʻaaogaina ai le General Linear Model (GLM). I luga o le mataupu tulaga, o le faʻataʻitaʻiga aofia ai fa regressors o fiafia faʻataʻitaʻiga, le fa tulaga faataʻitaʻi (1-tua ma ponokalafi ata (faigofie manino), 2-tua ma ponokalafi ata (faigata manino), 1-tua ma le le mautonu ata (faigofie le faʻaituʻau ) ma le 2-tua ma le le mautonu ata (faigata le tutoʻatasi)). I se faʻaopopoga, ono resitara o leai se aia o loʻo i ai le lafo faʻataʻitaʻiga na aofia ai. Taʻitasi boxcar stimulus gaioiga na faʻafetaui ma le canonical hemodynamic tali gaioiga. Ma, o le faʻamatalaga na maualuga pasi faʻamamaina ma le tipi ese vaitaimi o 128 s. I le kulupu tulaga, o faʻatusatusaga ata o mataupu taʻitasi e fai ma sui o autu autu (faigata> faigofie ma manino> le faʻaituau) ma fegalegaleaiga (FAIGOFIE X FAʻAMATALAGA: manino (faigofie> faigata)> le mautonu (faigofie> faigata)) ma GROUP X FAʻATINO: onosai (manino> le mautonu)> faʻatonutonu (manino> le mautonu)) na faʻaaogaina mo se suʻesuʻega o le faʻataʻitaʻiga. Le isi, o le lua-itu t-suʻesuʻega na faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai eseesega o kulupu. O le faitotoʻa mo auʻiliʻiliga uma sa faʻatulagaina i le 0.05 aiga poto sese (FWE) faʻasaʻoina mo le tele o faʻatusatusaga i luga o le kulupu tulaga. O le tumutumuga voxel o taua tele fuifui na faʻatulagaina faʻaaogaina otometi anatomical igoa (AAL) (Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002).
Fegalegaleaiga o le Psychophysiological
Mo le suʻesuʻeina atili o metotia faʻafefea ona faʻataʻitaʻia le gagana gagana i le taimi o faʻataʻitaʻiga o ata ponokalafi, o le psychophysiological interactive (PPI) auiliiliga (Friston et al., 1997) na faia. O se suʻesuʻega a le PPI e faʻaalia ai le eseesega i le faʻatinoina o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o se fatu vaega ma isi voxels i luga o le faiʻai atoa o se gaioiga o le mafaufau vaega. Lenei, na matou faia se suʻesuʻega PPI e faʻailoa ai faiʻai vaega na faʻaalia ai le feololo o fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o vaega e lua i le taimi o faʻatautaia o ponokalafi ata. Sa matou faʻaaogaina vaega o le agavale agagana gyrus i le taimi o ponokalafi faʻamalosia o le fatu, aua na faʻaalia ai le SEXUAL BEHAVIOR X EXPLICITNESS fegalegaleaiga o neuronal gaioiga (fatu itulagi (x, y, z) (-2, 82, 2)), pei ona faʻailoa mai e le eseesega fegalegaleaiga (tagata gasegase (ponokalafi> le faaituau)> pulega (ponokalafi> le faaituau)) (tagai Laulau 3). O le toto oxygenation tulaga-faʻalagolago taimi faʻasologa na aumaia mai le lalolagi o loʻo tu i le gagana gagana (5 mm diameter ma totonugalemu i le tumutumu voxel) mo mataupu taʻitasi taʻitasi faʻaaoga le muamua eigen-taimi faʻasologa (autu vaega auiliiliga). O le PPI regressor na fuafuaina mo mataupu taʻitasi o le elemeni-o le elemeni oloa o le uiga-faʻasaʻosaʻoina o le fatu vaega (aveʻese taimi faʻasologa) ma le vector coding mo le fesuiaʻiga o le mafaufau (1 luga o ponokalafi regressors ma -1 i regressor o le faʻatonutonuina o le faʻavasegaina o vaega mo vaega ua aʻafia i le faʻagasologa o ata ponokalafi). O le mea lea, na faʻataʻitaʻia e le matou PPI le faʻatulagaina o ponokalafi-faʻapitoa o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le agavale gagana ma isi vaega o faiʻai. I le iuga, o le tagata lava ia eseesega o loʻo atagia mai ai le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o fesuiaʻiga o le mafaufau ma le tino (PPI regressor) na ulufale i totonu o le lua-faataitaiga t-faʻataʻitaʻiga.
3. Iʻuga
Faʻafanua
O vaega na suʻesuʻeina na faʻatusatusa i le matutua (faʻatonutonu 37.6 ± 11.7, tagata gasegase 36.3 ± 11.2, T (67) = 0.46, p = ns), tausaga o aʻoaʻoga ma lima (fa agavale-lima i le kulupu) ma e leʻi eseʻese ma faʻatatau i le mafai ona manatuaina gafatia e pei ona faʻailoa mai e le WAIS-IV Arithmetic subtest (faʻatonutonu: 11.16 ± 2.66 sikoa togi, tagata maʻi: 11.16 ± 2.59 togi togi, T (67) = 0.005, p = ns). Mo nisi faʻamatalaga, vaʻai Laulau 1.
Laulau 1. Tulaga o le falemaʻi: Moni (M) ma faʻavae masani (SD) o le faʻamatalaga falemaʻi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapea foi ma le T-aoga ma le tutusa p-aoga mo le faʻatusatusaga vaega.
| Tagata mamaʻi (M ± SD) | Faʻatonutonu (M ± SD) | T taua / p-taua | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tausaga | 36.3 ± 11.2 | 37.6 ± 11.7 | 0.46 / 0.647 |
| Tausaga i le aoga | 11.7 ± 1.6 | 12 ± 1.5 | 0.849 / 0.399 |
| WAIS IV - faʻamaumauga atamai | 107.7 ± 16.6 | 106.87 ± 15.3 | 0.22 / 0.826 |
| HBI | 73.1 ± 10.9 | 28.1 ± 8.7 | 18.624 /> 0.001 |
| SAST - R | 13.3 ± 3.2 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 16.44 /> 0.001 |
| Ponokalafi taumafaina - vaiaso talu ai (min) | 213 ± 242 | 49 ± 70 | 3.646 / 0.001 |
| Aofai o orgasms - masturbation (vaiaso) | 13.1 ± 18.3 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | 3.34 / 0.001 |
| SIS-1 | 35.6 ± 8.2 | 31.9 ± 5.4 | 2.274 / 0.026 |
| SIS-2 | 25.8 ± 5.3 | 29.8 ± 4.4 | 3.359 / 0.001 |
| SES | 60.5 ± 10.5 | 49.4 ± 8.5 | 4.735 /> 0.001 |
Faʻaaloalo
E faʻataʻitaʻi mo eseesega i kulupu i se tulaga aoao, o le manatuaina o mea e fai ma taimi o tali i taimi le mautonu na faʻatusatusa i le va o vaega. O loʻo faʻaalia mai i luga le faʻamatalaga masani Laulau 2. Lenei, o le 2 × 2 faʻataʻitaʻiga o fua faʻataʻitaʻi ma le va o le mataupu autu SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ma le mea i totonu mataupu FAIGALUEGA faʻaalia ai se aafiaga o le faigata (F (1,67) = 63.318, p <0.001, η2 = 0.486) ae leai ni eseʻesega o vaega (F (1,67) = 3.604, p = ns) mo le saʻo ma se isi aafiaga o le DIFFICULTY (F (1,67) = 40.471, p <0.001, η2 = 0.377) ae leai ni 'eseʻesega o vaega (F (1,67) = 0.317, p = ns) mo taimi faʻatetele o tali.
Laulau 2. Faʻafiafiaga faʻapitoa: Faʻamatalaga amioga mai le galuega i tua ma le galuega faʻateʻia. O loʻo faʻamatalaina le uiga (M) ma le faʻavae masani (SD) o vaega e lua faʻapea foi ma le taua o le faʻatusatusaga o vaega (T-taua ma le tutusa p-taua).
| Tagata mamaʻi (M ± SD) | Faʻatonutonu (M ± SD) | T taua / p-taua | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saʻo manino 1-tua | 93.4% ± 11.1 | 97.7% ± 4.7 | 2.136 / 0.037 |
| Saʻo manino 2-tua | 80.1% ± 18.6 | 88.2% ± 10.3 | 2.274 / 0.027 |
| Tonu le faʻaituʻau 1-tua | 95.9% ± 5.9 | 98.0% ± 3.9 | 1.788 / 0.078 |
| Tonu le faʻaituʻau 2-tua | 82.3% ± 14.7 | 87.6% ± 11.9 | 1.627 / 0.109 |
| RT manino 1-tua | 668ms ± 113 | 607ms ± 75 | 2.552 / 0.013 |
| RT manino 2-tua | 727ms ± 125 | 696ms ± 97 | 1.149 / 0.255 |
| RT le mautonu 1-tua | 609ms ± 90 | 597ms ± 81 | 0.57 / 0.57 |
| RT le mautonu 2-tua | 693ms ± 116 | 714ms ± 112 | 0.765 / 0.447 |
| Saʻo manatua le manino 1-tua | 65.5% ± 21.0 | 48.3% ± 21.7 | 3.299 / 0.002 |
| Saʻo manatua le manino 2-tua | 52.0% ± 19.4 | 40.0% ± 18.6 | 2.641 / 0.01 |
| Saʻo manatua le le faʻaituʻau 1-tua | 40.0% ± 18.4 | 46.2% ± 20.3 | 1.311 / 0.194 |
| Saʻo manatua le le faʻaituʻau 2-tua | 25.3 ± 18.0 | 34.7% ± 22.0 | 1.936 / 0.057 |
Laulau 3. fMRI taunuuga: Faʻaiuga o le suʻega a le fMRI. Faʻaalia o tumutumu faʻagaoioiga, lapopoʻa tele ma tutusa tala AAL o le tumutumu faʻagaoioia mo eseese eseʻesega suʻesuʻeina faʻapea foi ma faʻaoga faʻasaʻosaʻo mo tele faʻatusatusaga (ie FWE faʻasaʻoga luga tumutumu voxels mo autu mafuaʻaga ma luga o le kulupu tulaga mo fofoʻaga aʻafiaga).
| Nofoaga (AAL) | lalolagi | x | y | z | Faʻaputuputuʻuga | p-taua | T –value (tumutumu voxel) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STIMULI:manino> le faaituʻau; FWE tumutumu> 25 | |||||||
| maualalo ifo gypus occipital | L | -44 | -76 | -6 | 15139 | 0 | 15.65 |
| Faʻasolosolo pito i luma ole pito i tua | R | 28 | 32 | -14 | 180 | 0 | 7.51 |
| Maualalo Parietal cortex | R | 30 | -48 | 54 | 589 | 0 | 9.42 |
| Sili atu medial frontal / ACC | L / Na | -4 | 48 | 20 | 1694 | 0 | 9.21 |
| Talalamus | L / Na | 0 | -10 | 10 | 98 | 0 | 8.95 |
| Faʻasolosolo pito i luma ole pito i tua | L | -30 | 32 | -14 | 229 | 0 | 8.55 |
| Caudate autu | R | 24 | -28 | 28 | 84 | 0 | 8.41 |
| PCC | L / Na | -2 | -48 | 28 | 348 | 0 | 8.17 |
| Hippocampus | R | 32 | -32 | -2 | 109 | 0 | 7.36 |
| Inisiua | L | -34 | 24 | 10 | 40 | 0 | 7.25 |
| Caudate autu | L | -18 | 0 | 30 | 43 | 0 | 7.23 |
| Ogatotonu cingulate cortex | R | 20 | -16 | 34 | 38 | 0 | 7.15 |
| Ogatotonu cingulate cortex | L | -22 | -40 | 36 | 29 | 0 | 6.86 |
| Ogatotonu cingulate cortex | L | -2 | -18 | 40 | 30 | 0.001 | 6.64 |
| Caudate autu | L | -12 | 18 | 8 | 39 | 0.001 | 6.46 |
| Caudate autu | R | 8 | 16 | 6 | 34 | 0.002 | 6.42 |
| Tutotonu luma 2 | L | -26 | 40 | 28 | 28 | 0.003 | 6.3 |
| Muamua | L / Na | 0 | -58 | 66 | 41 | 0.003 | 6.23 |
| STIMULI:faaituʻau> manino; FWE tumutumu> 25 | |||||||
| Paragiipocampal gyrus | R | 24 | -28 | -16 | 20 | 0.001 | 6,57 |
| Fuga mataʻu | R | 44 | -64 | 52 | 5 | 0.007 | 6.04 |
| Paragiipocampal gyrus | L | -18 | -36 | -12 | 1 | 0.029 | 5.68 |
| Inisiua | L | -36 | -26 | 20 | 1 | 0.037 | 5.6 |
| FAIGATA:faigata> faigofie; FWE tumutumu> 25 | |||||||
| Cerebellum | L | -28 | -56 | -32 | 1089 | 0 | 13.52 |
| Eria faʻaopoopo afi | L / Na | -4 | 16 | 44 | 6678 | 0 | 13.12 |
| Inisiua | R | 34 | 22 | 2 | 1750 | 0 | 12.88 |
| cerebellum | R | 34 | -52 | -30 | 856 | 0 | 11.79 |
| Muamua | L / Na | -6 | -60 | 52 | 4649 | 0 | 11.77 |
| Sili Frontal | R | 24 | 12 | 60 | 3733 | 0 | 11.6 |
| Cerebellum | R | 30 | -62 | -48 | 499 | 0 | 10.94 |
| Cerebellum | L | -6 | -52 | -56 | 65 | 0 | 8.61 |
| Orbitofrontal Cortex i luma | R | 22 | 40 | -12 | 47 | 0 | 6.85 |
| Cerebellum | R / L | -2 | -44 | -16 | 52 | 0 | 6.72 |
| FAIGATA:faigofie> faigata; FWE tumutumu> 25 | |||||||
| Ogatotonu ole faʻasologa ole tino | R | 52 | -74 | 4 | 4580 | 0 | 11.11 |
| Muamua | R / L | 6 | -50 | 24 | 1463 | 0 | 10.76 |
| Hippocampus | L | -24 | -18 | -16 | 3316 | 0 | 10.25 |
| Lalo maualalo le faʻasologa pito i lalo | L | -34 | 34 | -12 | 107 | 0 | 10.13 |
| Rolandic operculum | R | 54 | -4 | 10 | 1262 | 0 | 9.41 |
| Eria faʻaopoopo afi | R / L | 2 | -16 | 52 | 540 | 0 | 7.03 |
| Sili atu frontal cortex | L | -12 | 38 | 52 | 80 | 0 | 8.53 |
| Pepa faʻale-agavaʻa | R | 42 | 22 | -34 | 341 | 0 | 6.86 |
| Olfactory | L / Na | -2 | 26 | -12 | 603 | 0 | 8.29 |
| Cerebellum | R | 26 | -76 | -34 | 25 | 0 | 7.86 |
| Lalo maualalo le faʻasologa pito i lalo | R | 38 | 34 | -12 | 58 | 0 | 7.84 |
| Laʻau faʻamuamua | R | 46 | -22 | 64 | 279 | 0 | 7.77 |
| Ogatotonu ole faʻasologa ole tino | L | -58 | 6 | -18 | 67 | 0 | 7.48 |
| Maualalo luma luma tri | R | 52 | 36 | 12 | 51 | 0 | 7.04 |
| Pepa faʻale-agavaʻa | L | -46 | 14 | -34 | 61 | 0 | 6.92 |
| Sili le tumau | L | -54 | -6 | 6 | 32 | 0 | 6.9 |
| Maualuga medial frontal | L | -6 | 52 | 36 | 37 | 0 | 6.88 |
| Cerebellum | L | -28 | -80 | -34 | 49 | 0.001 | 6.56 |
| Tutotonu Faaletino | L | -64 | -8 | -12 | 51 | 0.001 | 6.53 |
| FAIGOFIE X STIMULI:manino (faigofie> faigata)> le mautonu (faigofie> faigata); FWE fuifui | |||||||
| Faʻaletino occipital | L | -44 | -70 | -6 | 1804 | 0.000 | 6.58 |
| Inisiua | L | -30 | 18 | -12 | 271 | 0.000 | 5.78 |
| Tutotonu Faaletino | L | -58 | -18 | -10 | 173 | 0.000 | 5.02 |
| Maualalo parietal | R | 32 | -48 | 54 | 912 | 0.000 | 4.83 |
| Maualalo faaletino | R | 48 | -62 | -4 | 296 | 0.000 | 4.78 |
| Faʻasologa o le cortex e sili atu i tua | L / Na | -2 | 30 | 26 | 758 | 0.000 | 4.77 |
| Supramarginal gyrus | L | -60 | -32 | 40 | 193 | 0.000 | 4.74 |
| Precueneus | L | -10 | -62 | 70 | 1433 | 0.000 | 4.69 |
| Maualuga luma | L | -22 | 30 | 50 | 156 | 0.001 | 4.88 |
| Maualalo frontal operculum | L | -46 | 14 | 32 | 585 | 0.000 | 4.52 |
| Medial orbitofrontal cortex | L / Na | -2 | 46 | -8 | 99 | 0.013 | 4.47 |
| VAEGA X STIMULI: onosai (manino> le mautonu)> pulea (manino> le mautonu); FWE fuifui | |||||||
| Gusso taulima | L | -2 | -82 | 2 | 84 | 0,032 | 4,34 |
Ina ia iloiloina aafiaga o ponokalafi mea i luga o manatuaina galuega, faatinoga o auiliiliga na auiliiliina ma le 2 × 2 × 2 toe faia fua ANOVA aofia ai mea taua SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (tagata gasegase / pulea), EXPLICITNESS (ponokalafi / le faaituau) ma faigata (1-tua / 2- tua).
O le suʻesuʻeina o le saʻo na faʻaalia ai se aʻafiaga autu o le DIFFICULTY (F (1,67) = 140.758, p <0.001, η2 = 0.678) ma SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (F (1,67) = 5.213, p = 0.026, η2 = 0.072) ae leʻo iai se aʻafiaga o le EXPLICITNESS (F (1,67) = 0.305, p = ns) poʻo se fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o mea taua (vaʻai Ata 1a).
Ata 1. Iʻuga o amioga: a) Autu aafiaga o faigata ma feusuaʻiga amioga i luga o le saʻo i le n-tua galuega. E sili atu le leaga o faʻafitauli i mataupu e 2-i tua atu ma faʻatonutonu ai tagata mamaʻi e aunoa ma le faigata. O paʻu sese e taʻu mai ai o mea sese masani o le uiga (SEM). b) Faʻalia o amioga tau feusuaʻiga X explic saksi fegalegaleai i le ogatotonu tali atu taimi e faʻaalia ai o tagata gasegase tali lemu ma faʻalavelave faʻafitauli mea mataga ae leai ni eseesega ma le le faʻatauaina ata e iloa. O paʻu sese e taʻu mai ai o mea sese masani o le uiga (SEM). i) Faʻafeusuaiga amioga X faʻamatala fesoʻotaʻiga mo le ofo tele faʻatauaina galuega. O tagata mamaʻi e faʻaalia le sili atu o le manatuaina o mea e fai mo ata le talafeagai o ata i tua atu o ata e leai se eseʻesega mo le le mautonu ata e mafai ona iloa. O paʻu sese e taʻu mai ai o mea sese masani o le uiga (SEM).
E tusa ai ma taimi masani o tali, rm-ANOVA na faʻaalia se fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ma EXPLICITNESS (F (1,67) = 11.73, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.149) faʻapea foʻi ma aʻafiaga autu o le faigata (F (1,67) = 45.106, p <0.001, η2 = 0.402) ma GALUEGA (F (1,67) = 4.142, p = 0.046,2 = 0.058), ae leʻo maua se aoga tele ole SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (F (1,67) = 0.868, p = ns) poʻo seisi lava taua taua. O faʻataʻitaʻiga i le maeʻa ai o faʻataʻitaʻi na faʻaalia ai o tagata mamaʻi na faifai lemu ma ata mataga e le faʻatusatusa i faʻatonutonu maloloina (T (67) = 2.271, p = 0.027), ae o vaega uma e lua sa faʻapena foi ona faʻamalosia i tua (T (67) = 0.563, p = ns). I se faʻaopopoga, gasegase tali lemu ma manino faʻatusatusa i le faʻaituau stimulus i tua (T (37) = 3.195, p = 0.003), ae i maloloina soifua maloloina, naʻo se aga agaʻi i le taua e mafai ona mauaina (T (30) = 1.956, p = 0.060), lea e faʻasino i le saoasaoa o taimi o tali i tulaga manino (vaʻai foʻi Ata 1b).
Mo se auiliiliga auiliili i le faʻalavelave faʻatosina, na matou suʻesuʻeina taimi faʻatulagaina o taimi i vaega taʻitasi taʻitasi. O le mea lea, o le 2 × 2 faʻataʻitaʻi o le faʻataʻitaʻiga o gaioiga sa faʻataʻitaʻia e aofia ai mea taua FUAFUAGA MA FAIGATA. I le vaega o gasegase, na matou maua ai aʻafiaga sili o EXPLICITNESS (F (1,37) = 10.209, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.216) ma le FAIGATA (F (1,37) = 23.021, p <0.001,2 = 0.384) faʻatasi ai ma taimi televave e tali atu ai i le tulaga faigofie ma taimi umi atu e faʻatosina ai ata mataga, ae leai se fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o mea uma (vaʻai foʻi Ata 2a). Mo le vaega faʻatonutonu, i leisi itu, o le autu aʻafiaga o le FAIGATA (F (1,30) = 21.736, p <0.001, η2 = 0.42) ma le FAIGATA × FAʻAMATALAGA fegalegaleaiga (F (1,30) = 4.606, p = 0.04,2 = 0.133) na maua, ae leai se aoga tele o le FAʻATINO (F (1,30) = 3.826, p = ns) na maua (vaʻai foʻi Ata 2e). Na faʻaalia i luga ole faʻataʻitaʻiga ole faʻamalositino, o mataupu soifua maloloina na vave atu ile toe faigata ole 2 i tua ile taimi na faʻaalia ai ata mataga (T (30) = 2.666, p = 0.012), aʻo le faigofie o le toe faʻafoʻi, na tali tutusa le saoasaoa. i le va o le le faaituʻau ma ponokalafi talaaga ata (T (1) = 30, p = ns).
Ata 2. Iʻuga o amioga mo vaega eseʻese: a) Aafiaga autu a le au faʻamatala: Tagata gasegase tali lemu ma ata ponokalafi tutoʻatasi tutoʻatasi mai le galuega faigata. e) Faʻamatala manino mai X faigata. Soifua Maloloina faʻatonutonu tali vave atu ma ponokalafi talaaga ata na o le faigata tulaga.
I le faʻalauiloaina gaioiga, o le 2 × 2 × 2 rm-ANOVA faʻaalia ai le autu aʻafiaga o EXPLICITNESS (F (1,66) = 31.574, p <0.001, η2 = 0.324) ma le FAIGATA (F (1,66) = 85.492, p <0.001,2 = 0.564) faʻapea foi ma le FUAFUAGA × AʻOAʻOGA LAUTELE fegalegaleaiga (F (1,66) = 16.651, p <0.001,,2 = 0.201) mo galuega saʻo. O faʻataʻitaʻiga post hoc t na faʻaalia ai le tutusa faʻamanatuga gaioiga i le va o kulupu mo ata le mautonu (T (66) = 1.51, p = ns), ae o se sili atu faʻafiafiaga mo ponokalafi mea i le tagata gasegase kulupu (T (66) = 3.097, p = 0 .003). I se faʻaopopoga, o le vaega faʻatonutonu na faʻatinoina tutusa i tulaga le mautonu ma faʻamaoniga faʻafeusuaiga (T (29) = 1.012, p = ns), ae o tagata mamaʻi na faʻaalia se sili atu faʻamanatuina gaioiga mo ponokalafi ata (T (37) = 7.398, p <0.001) ( vaai Ata 1i).
4. fMRI
O ata mataga i ata i tua atu na faʻagaoioia ai fuifui lapopoʻa i le okipital cortex ma cingulate cortex (pito i luma, ogatotonu ma tua) faʻalelalolagi. I se faʻaopopoga, o le maualuga faʻagaoioia i le hippocampus ma caudate nucleus na maitauina. I se faʻatusatusaga, o le le mautonu ata i tua atu na mafua ai le maualuga gaioiga i le parahippocampal ma angular gyrus. O le galuega e 2 i tua na mafua ai le maualuga o le faʻagaoioia i vaega maualalo o le parietal ma le maualalo o le pito i luma e faʻatusatusa i le 1-tua tulaga (vaʻai foʻi Ata 3 ma Laulau 3).
Ata 3. Iʻuga autu a le fMRI: Faʻamatalaina o le autu aʻafiaga o faigata, faʻaalia maualuga faʻagaoioia i le fronto-parietal faʻatauaina fesoʻotaʻiga mo sili atu faigata 2back tulaga faʻapea foi ma le autu aʻafiaga o le au faʻamatala faʻaalia maualuga faʻagaoioia i occipital eria faʻapea foi ma luma cingulate cortex i le vaʻaia o ponokalafi ata. .
FUA GALUEGA × FAʻAMATALAGA fesoʻotaʻiga faʻaalia maualuga faʻagaoioia i le agavale agamalu gyrus mo gasegase pe a gaosia ponokalafi mea pe a faatusatusa i le faaituʻau stimulus (tagai Laulau 3 mo faʻamatalaga). O le mea e mataʻina ai, o fua faʻatatau o lenei faʻaputuga sa faʻamautinoa lelei i le eseesega o taimi i le va o ata manino ma le le faʻaaogaina (r = 0.393, p = 0.001), o le taimi masani o ponokalafi taumafaina i le vaiaso talu ai (r = 0.315, p = 0.009) , le aofai o orgasms ala i le faʻaaoga e faʻaaoga ai ponokalafi (r = 0.323, p = 0.007) ma le faʻamalosia o feusuaiga togi (SES) (r = 0.41, p = 0.0004). E le gata i lea, o se faʻamaopoopoga i le va o le tali atu eseʻesega taimi (manino-le faʻaituau) ma taimi matamata ponokalafi i le taimi o le vaiaso talu ai (r = 0.254, p = 0.038) mafai ona mauaina, o lona uiga o le maualuga aofaʻi o taimi faʻaalu ponokalafi na fesoʻotaʻi ma maualuga faʻalavelave faʻaletonu ona i ata ponokalafi (tagai foi Ata 4 ma Laulau 3).
Ata 4. fMRI fesoʻotaʻiga iʻuga: A) Faʻaalia o le maualuga faʻagaoioia i le gagana gagana mo tagata gasegase i le taimi o ata o ponokalafi ata pe a faʻatusatusa i le le mautonu ata. B) Parameter estimates o le fegalegaleaiga aʻafiaga. C) Faʻamaoniga i le va o fua faʻatatau faʻatatau ma le eseʻesega o taimi tali (manino - leai se uiga).
5. Soʻotaga Psychophysiological
Faʻaaogaina o le 5 mm sphere faataamilomilo i le lingual gyrus peak voxel o le fatu mo le atoa-faiʻai PPI auiliiliga e suʻesuʻe ai mo gaioiga fesoʻotaʻiga eseesega faʻaosoina e ala i le faʻatautaia o ponokalafi ata (taimi fesoʻotaʻiga: tagata maʻi (ata ponokalafi) ata le mautonu)> pulea (ponokalafi ata > le faʻaituʻau ata)), na matou iloa ai o lenei vaega na faʻaalia ai le sili atu le aoga o fesoʻotaʻiga i tagata mamaʻi i le taimi o le faʻalavelaveina o ponokalafi faʻamalosiʻau ma itulagi e fesoʻotaʻi ma gaioiga gaioiga ma mataʻituina gaioiga, e pei o le tauagavale maualuga ma maualalo parietal cortex faʻapea foi ma le insula (vaʻai Laulau 4 mo faʻamatalaga).
Laulau 4. Iʻuga a le PPI: Iʻuga o le suʻesuʻega o le PPI mai se fatu i le gagana i le va o kulupu. Faʻaalia o eria e faʻaalia ai le maualuga fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga i le tagata gasegase taimi o gaioiga o le talafeagai ata ponokalafi FWE faʻasaʻoina mo tele faʻatusatusaga luga o le kulupu tulaga.
| Nofoaga (AAL) | lalolagi | x | y | z | Faʻaputuputuʻuga | p-taua | T –value (tumutumu voxel) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FUA:Lingual gyrus (-2 -82 2); FWE cluster level, tagata mamaʻi> faʻatonutonu | |||||||
| Tutotonu Faaletino | R | 48 | -52 | 4 | 357 | 0.000 | 5.27 |
| Cerebellum | R | 28 | -50 | -50 | 124 | 0.005 | 5.14 |
| Inisiua | R | 40 | 12 | 6 | 84 | 0.036 | 4.96 |
| Faʻailoa | R | 34 | -18 | -4 | 173 | 0.001 | 4.7 |
| Inisiua | L | -36 | -2 | -4 | 147 | 0.002 | 4.69 |
| Sili silisili parietal | L | -24 | -52 | 58 | 113 | 0.008 | 4.61 |
| Ogatotonu occipital | L | -42 | -68 | 16 | 176 | 0.001 | 4.49 |
| Tutotonu luma | L | -40 | 36 | 32 | 81 | 0.042 | 4.37 |
| Maualalo parietal | L | -44 | -36 | 36 | 137 | 0.003 | 4.27 |
| Postcentral | R | 50 | -22 | 40 | 126 | 0.005 | 4.21 |
| Totonu | R | 56 | 2 | 38 | 82 | 0.04 | 3.94 |
| Faʻaletino occipital | R | 40 | -76 | -16 | 178 | 0.000 | 3.38 |
O le mea e mataʻina ai, o mea taua na maua mai i le PPI mo le kulupu i totonu o le inula (MNI: 40 12 6) na faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma le eseʻesega o taimi o tali mo ata manino ma le le mautonu (r = 0.289, p = 0.016), faʻaalia ai o le tele o mataupu na faʻatelegese ona o ponokalafi mea, o le sili atu le malosi o le aoga fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le gagana gagana ma le iniseti. Vaai Laulau 4 mo faamatalaga auiliili.
6. Talanoaga
O lenei suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina ai le faʻatosinaina o aʻafiaga o ponokalafi i luga o le galueina o mea e manatua ai i se vaega o mataupu o loʻo faʻaalia le CSB. I luga o le amio amioga, tagata gasegase na faʻatelegeseina i lalo e ponokalafi mea e faʻalagolago i le faʻaaogaina o ponokalafi i le vaiaso talu ai. Lenei na o mai ma le maualuga faʻagaioiga i le gagana gagana. I se faʻaopopoga, na faʻaalia ai e le gutu gagana le maualuga o le tuʻufaʻatasia o fesoʻotaʻiga i le inula i le taimi o faʻagasolo ai ponokalafi faʻamalosi i le vaega onosaʻi. I se faatusatusaga, o mataupu maloloina na faʻaali vave mai tali pe a fetaiaʻi ma ponokalafi ata na o le maualuga avega mafaufau.
I luga o le amio amioga, na matou maua ai o galuega faigata ma ponokalafi ata na faifai lemu taimi tali atu. Ae ui i lea, o le kulupu × faʻamatalaina fesoʻotaʻiga na faʻaalia o tagata mamaʻi (ae le faʻatonutonuina) faʻaali taimi umi na tali atu ai pe a feagai ma faʻalavelave faʻasoesa ata ma o lea o le aʻafiaga o ata ponokalafi foliga mai na unaʻia e le vaega onosaʻi. O lenei sa lagolagoina e le auiliiliga o vaega taʻitasi o loʻo faʻaalia ai, i le soifua maloloina faʻatonutonu, tali atu taimi na faʻafaigofieina e ala i ata ponokalafi, ae naʻo le tulaga faigata, aʻo i le gasegase kulupu, ponokalafi mea tutoʻatasi tutoʻatasi mai faigata na mafua ai lemu taimi tali atu . O le mea lea, o matou faʻamaumauga e fautua mai ai o ata ponokalafi e eseʻesega afaina ai tagata mamaʻi ma faʻatonutonu. E le gata i lea, o le soifua maloloina faʻatonutonu foliga mai e le manatuaina ponokalafi mea sili atu nai lo le le mautonu ata, ae o tagata mamaʻi e sili atu faʻapitoa faʻamanatuina o ponokalafi mea. Faʻavae i luga o nei sailiga, matou faʻaiʻuina o ponokalafi mea e le mafai ona otometi ona tosina mai mafaufau i mataupu soifua maloloina. Pei o mataupu maloloina, sa matou matauina se aafiaga na o le tulaga faigata. Mo nisi suʻesuʻega, o galuega faigata e tatau ona faʻateleina. Peitaʻi, o mataupu e tele naʻuā amioga tau feusuaʻiga e mafua ai le maualuga o faʻafitauli o le mafaufau ua faʻalavelaveina e ponokalafi, ona ua faʻatelegese i la latou tali atu peʻa fetaiaʻi ma galuega-le talafeagai ata ponokalafi tutoʻatasi mai le galuega faigata. O le faʻafetaui amioga i le va o ponokalafi taumafaina ma tali atu eseʻesega taimi e o gatasi ma iʻuga o Pekal et al. (2018), faʻaalia o uiga agaʻi i le initaneti ponokalafi faʻaletonu e fesoʻotaʻi ma le maualuga faʻaalia manatu faʻaituau i ponokalafi mea, ma Sklenarik et al. (2019), faʻaalia se auala faʻasolosolo agaʻi i ponokalafi mea e fesoʻotaʻi ma ponokalafi taumafaina. E tusa ai ma le vaega o mataupu ma tele feusuaʻiga, o le ms50 ms faaumiumi taimi tali atu i le manino tulaga ma le ∼25% sili atu faʻaalia fua faatatau i le taimi o le le faʻalauiloaina gaioiga galuega fautuaina ai o mataupu na suʻesuʻeina le faʻalavelave ata i se auiliiliga, na mafua ai le sili manatuaina mulimuli ane, e ui lava o ata taʻitasi na faʻaalia mo le 1 s tutoʻatasi o le tali atu taimi. O le mea lea, naʻo le faʻaaliga taimi na le eseʻese i le va o vaega. O le mea e mataʻina ai, o tagata mamaʻi na i ai se foliga le lelei o feusuaiga talu ai o latou poto masani, ma mafua ai i le maualuga mafaufau faʻanoanoa. E pei ona mafai ona faʻaalia o le faʻalavelave faʻasolosolo aafiaga o le tiga o se vaega faʻatulagaina e mataupu o le a faʻamoemoeina (Sinke et al., 2016, 2017), e mafai o le telegese i le fiafia gaioiga mafai foi ona faʻatonutonuina e mataupu 'uiga agaʻi i ponokalafi. Talu ai matou te leʻi faʻaaogaina mataupu o loʻo manaʻomia i ponokalafi, sa le mafai ai ona matou suʻesuʻeina lenei mea, ae o isi suʻesuʻega e tatau ona aoina mai ai faʻamatalaga e uiga i uiga o tagata i feusuaiga / ponokalafi.
I luga o le neural level, o ata ponokalafi na faʻatautaia e pei ona faʻamoemoeina, pei o masani ai vaega mo le faʻagaeetia o vaʻaiga faʻamalosi tino faʻaosofia, pei o le maualalo o le tino, maualalo parietal, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal, cortex, insula, ma luma cingulate cortex (Stoléru et al., 2012). E le gata i lea, o le sili atu faigata galuega na mafua ai le maualuga faʻagaoioia i le parietal ma frontal eria e masani ona aofia ai i le galue manatua gaioiga (Owens et al., 2018, Takeuchi et al., 2018, Wager ma Smith, 2003). O le amio fesoʻotaʻi matauina explicitness × kulupu fegalegaleaʻiga e atagia e se eseʻesega faʻagaoioia i le gagana gagana, lea e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalavelave faʻatosinaina o talaaga faʻamalosiʻau. Faʻavae i luga o le matafaioi a le gagana gagana mo faʻailoga vaʻaia (Machielsen et al., 2000), tasi mafai ona taumateina o lenei maualuga faʻagaioiga faʻaalia ai le matauina lelei manatuaina mo manino ata i le tagata gasegase kulupu. Ae ui i lea, matou te leʻi mauaina se faʻafesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le manatuaina saʻo ma le parameter estimates o le lingual gyrus. A o le lingual gyrus o loʻo aʻafia foʻi i mataitusi gaioiga (Mechelli et al., 2000), e mafai foi o le maualuga faʻagaoioia e mafua mai i se maualuga taumafaiga mo tagata mamaʻi e taulai atu i mataitusi. O lenei manatu e lagolagoina e ala i le faʻamaopoopoina o le fua faʻatatau faʻatulagaina ma le tali atu i taimi eseʻesega i le va o ata manino ma le faʻaituʻau, faʻaalia ai o le uumi mataupu manaʻomia e tali atu i le manino tulaga o le, o le maualuga o le faʻagaoioia i le lingual gyrus.
E le gata i lea, na matou mauaina o le taimi faʻaaluina ma ponokalafi mea ma le orgasms na oʻo i le taumafaina o ponokalafi e fesoʻotaʻi ma gaioiga i lenei eria, o lona uiga o le tele o taimi taimi faʻaalu ai matamata ponokalafi ma le faʻaaogaina o lenei mea e oʻo atu i se orgasm, o le maualuga o le faʻagaoioia i lenei eria. Lenei mafai ona faʻauigaina i le fiafia i se aʻoaʻoga aʻoaʻoga i se auala, pe a fai e masani ona faʻaumatia e se tasi ponokalafi (ma maua ai se tauia faʻamanuiaga), e aʻoaʻoina o nei ituaiga o faʻamalosiʻau e sili ona talafeagai ma ona faʻalavelave ai lea o le tagata pe a fetaiaʻi ma isi fesoʻotaʻiga. , pei o le manatu faʻamalosiʻau mafaufau i vailaʻau vailaʻau (Robinson ma Berridge, 1993, Robinson ma Berridge, 2008). O lenei manatu e lagolagoina e se faʻamaopoopoga i le va o tali atu i taimi eseʻesega ma taimi e matamata ai i ponokalafi i le vaiaso ua tuanaʻi, ma faʻaalia ai o le tele o le taimi e faʻaalu e matamata ai i ponokalafi sa, o le telegese foi o le gaioiga e faʻatatau i le gaioiga ina ua faʻaalia ata faʻamalosi. Manaia, Gola et al. (2017) maua ai se faʻamaoniga lelei i le CSB i le va o ponokalafi taumafaina ma ventral striatal gaioiga i le taimi o gaioiga gaioiga faʻaalia ai feusuaʻiga taui o loʻo ogatusa foi ma le faʻaosofia lagona faʻaosofia manatu. I se faʻaopopoga Kühn et al. (2014) lipotia se faʻaletonu fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o mea lanu efuefu o le taumatau caudate nati ma ponokalafi taumafaina i le vaiaso i maloloina mataupu.
I le taimi o le gaosiga o ponokalafi faʻamalosi, o le faʻafesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le lingual gyrus ma le fesoʻotaʻiga o le ogatotonu frontal, sili atu ma maualalo parietal, maualalo ma ogatotonu vaʻaia faʻaipoipoga ma le insula faʻateleina. O le insula atonu e sili ona manaia se node manaia, aua o se autu autu o le salience network (Menon ma Uddin, 2010). Lenei mafai ona faʻauigaina i se auala o ponokalafi mea (atonu ona o le aʻoaʻoina gaioiga) se maualuga talafeagai mo tagata mamaʻi ma faʻapea ona faʻagaoioia le salience (insula) ma faʻafesoʻotaʻi fesoʻotaʻiga (maualalo parietal), lea e tau atu ai i se telegese tali taimi pei o le salient faamatalaga e le talafeagai mo le galuega. Faʻavae i luga o nei sailiga, tasi mafai ona faʻaiʻuina e faapea, mo mataupu faʻaalia le CSB, ponokalafi mea ei ai se maualuga faʻalavelave faʻalavelave ma faʻapea ai ma se maualuga maualuga agavaʻa. Mulimuli ane, o faʻamatalaga lagolagoina le IST o mea ua fai ma vaisu i le CSB.
Peitaʻi e tatau ona tatou maitauina o le suʻesuʻega e naʻo suʻesuʻega o tama tane ma tamaʻitaʻi tamaʻitaʻi ma o le tuʻufaʻatasia o aiaiga na faʻamatalaina e tusa ai ma Kafka's aiaiga ia e le faʻaliliu saʻo i le ICD-11.
I mea uma lava, e tatau ona tatou faʻaiʻuina, i mataupu maloloina, o le manatuaina o gaioiga e le faʻalavelaveina e mea ponokalafi ma e mafai foi ona vaʻaia e aoga i le manaʻomia o galuega. I leisi itu, o mataupu ma tele feusuaʻiga amioga e faʻalavelave, lea e faʻatalanoa e le gagana gagana ma ono mafua mai i lo latou faʻamuamua i totonu o feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi (ono aʻoaʻoina e ala i le tele faʻatasi o le orgasm ma ponokalafi taumafaina) ma o latou uiga le lelei ia latou amioga feusuai.
7. Faʻamatalaga ma le faʻamatalaga avanoa
O le raw data o loʻo avanoa i luga ole talosaga mai le tusitala tutusa.
Feeseeseaiga o Tului
O lenei poloketi suʻesuʻega na faʻatupeina faʻatupeina e le European Society for Sexual Medicine Research Grant (TK; Grant nr .: 15-20). A leai o tusitala (CS, JE, MV, JK, TK) faʻaalia leai ni aia tautupe poʻo ni feteʻenaʻiga aia.
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