Tausiga mataga tau feusuaʻiga e le lelei i le le mautonu-faʻalavelave faʻalavelave: Faʻalavelave masani ma faʻatasi ai (2019)

E tele upu ua fa'aaogaina e fa'amatala ai le tele o amioga fa'afeusuaiga, e aofia ai amioga fa'amalosi fa'afeusuaiga, hypersexuality, vaisu fa'afeusuaiga, tu'inanau fa'afeusuaiga, ma amioga fa'afeusuaiga fa'amalosi. O loʻo faʻaauau pea feeseeseaiga e uiga i le faʻaigoaina o le "le-pulea" amioga faʻafeusuaiga o se "vaisu," o se faʻamalosi poʻo se faʻalavelave faʻalavelave (Bőthe, Bartók, et al., 2018; Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018; Carnes, 1983, 1991; Fuss et al., 2019; Gola & Potenza, 2018; Grant et al., 2014; Griffiths, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017; Stein, 2008; Stein, Black, & Pienaar, 2000). E le gata i lea, e ui lava i le lagolago faasaienisi mo le faʻaofiina o le tulaga i totonu o tusi faʻataʻitaʻiga, o loʻo i ai foi le tele o faʻasalalauga e faasaga i lenei mea, e faʻavae i luga o le lamatiaga o le faʻaleagaina o amioga faʻafeusuaiga masani ona o uiga faʻalelotu, amio mama, poʻo uiga le lelei o feusuaiga (Fuss et al., 2019; Klein, Briken, Schröder, & Fuss, i lomitusi). O le mea moni, o le talosaga mo le faʻaofiina o le hypersexual disorder i totonu o le lomiga lona lima o le Fuainumera Faʻailoga ma Fuainumera Faʻamaumauga o Manatu o Mafaufauga (DSM-5; Kafka, 2010) na teena e le American Psychiatric Association (APA) komiti tausi mavaega (Kafka, 2014). Fa'aaofia o le fa'alavelave fa'afeusuaiga fa'afeusuaiga (CSBD) e avea o se fa'alavelave fa'amalosi i le 11th toe iloiloga o le Fa'avasegaga Fa'ava-o-malo o Fa'ama'i ma Fa'afitauli Fa'alesoifua Maloloina (ICD-11) e tatau ona faʻamaonia aloaia i le 2019 (Kraus et al., 2018).

O se vaega ona o le feeseeseaiga e uiga i le maʻi, le leai o ni faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamaonia aloaia, ma le leai o se mea faʻamaonia faʻamaonia, e itiiti ni suʻesuʻega faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi i le CSBD na faia. I totonu o lenei tusiga, matou te taʻua le CSBD o se tulaga o loʻo faʻaalia i se mamanu faifaipea o le le mafai ona pulea tuʻinanauga faʻafeusuaiga malosi, fai soo poʻo faʻamalosi, e mafua ai amioga faʻafeusuaiga faifaipea i se taimi umi e mafua ai le mafatia poʻo le faʻaleagaina o le tagata lava ia, aiga, agafesootai, a'oa'oga, galuega, po'o isi vaega taua o galuega (Kraus et al., 2018). Ua fa'atatauina e 5%-6% o le faitau aofa'i lautele e ono a'afia i le ma'i (Carnes, 1991; Coleman, 1992); ae ui i lea, o se suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga talu ai nei na maua ai le maualuga o le faʻalavelave e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faigata ona pulea lagona faʻafeusuaiga, faʻamalosi, ma amioga i le US (Dickenson, Coleman, & Miner, 2018). O le mea e sili ona taua, o nei faʻatusatusaga masani e mafai ona faʻateleina ona o le leai o se suʻesuʻega e faʻaaoga ai faʻamaumauga faʻalagolago ma faʻamaonia (Klein, Rettenberger, & Briken, 2014).

O ma'i e maua i le CSBD e masani ona lipotia amioga fa'amalosi, fa'alavelave fa'atosina, ma le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au (Derbyshire & Grant, 2015). O le gauai atu i nei comorbidities e mafai ona fesoasoani mulimuli ane i le faʻamalamalamaina o amioga faʻafeusuaiga le pulea e pei o le faʻamalosi, faʻamalosi, poʻo le avea ma vaisu. O se suʻesuʻega talu ai nei na maua ai o le impulsivity ma le faʻamalosi e fesoʻotaʻi ma amioga faʻafeusuaiga "le-pulea", ae o le sootaga i le impulsivity sa malosi atu (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018). Ae ui i lea, o se mafutaga i le va o le "le-pulea" amioga feusuaʻi ma le faʻamalosi ua fautuaina pea (Carnes, 1983, 1991; Coleman, 1991; Stein, 2008) ona o mea faʻapitoa e lua o loʻo faʻaalia i le toe fai ma le siʻitia o le vevesi aʻo leʻi faia le amio, sosoo ai ma se lagona o le faʻamalolo i le taimi o le faʻatinoga. O le taunuuga, o le faaupuga faʻamalosi faʻafitauli tau feusuaiga ua faʻatulagaina mo amioga faʻafeusuaiga "le-le-pulea" o loʻo faʻatasi ma le faʻalavelave ma faʻafitauli i le galue mo le ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018). Ae ui i lea, e itiiti lava suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa o le CSBD i le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻalavelave (OCD), o le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻalavelave. I lenei suʻesuʻega, na matou taulaʻi atu i le faʻatasi o le CSBD ma le OCD. E ui o le faʻateleina o le OCD na suʻesuʻeina muamua i faʻataʻitaʻiga falemaʻi ma e le o ni faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata o loʻo i ai amioga faʻafeusuaiga faʻamalosi ma fua faʻatatau e amata mai i le 2.3% i le 14% (Black, Kehrberg, Flumerfelt, & Schlosser, 1997; de Tubino Scanavino et al., 2013; Morgenstern et al., 2011; Raymond, Coleman, & Miner, 2003), o le suʻesuʻega muamua lea e iloilo ai le faʻateleina o le CSBD i tagata maʻi OCD ma ona sociodemographic ma faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa. O ia fa'amatalaga e ono aoga ile falema'i ma e mafai fo'i ona fesoasoani ile fa'avasegaina ole CSBD.

Tagata auai ma taualumaga

O ma'i matutua i fafo ma OCD o lo'o i ai nei na fa'afaigaluegaina i le va o Ianuari 2000 ma Tesema 2017 na auai i lenei su'esu'ega. Ina ia agavaa, e tatau i tagata gasegase ona ausia le lomiga lona fa o le DSM (DSM-IV; APA, 2000) ta'iala mo se su'esu'ega muamua ole OCD ile Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Lomiga Fa, Axis I Disorders–Patient Version (SCID-I/P; Muamua, Spitzer, Gobbon, & Williams, 1998). O se tala'aga o le mafaufau o se fa'ailoga fa'apitoa. O se foma'i su'esu'e o le mafaufau po'o se isi foma'i soifua maloloina o le mafaufau e iai le tomai fa'apitoa o le OCD na fa'atalanoaina ma'i na fa'asino mai i le tele o fa'apogai (fa'ata'ita'iga, le OCD Association o Aferika i Saute ma foma'i tausi tulaga muamua).

Fua

O le faʻatalanoaga semi-faʻatulagaina e aofia ai fesili i luga o faʻamatalaga patino o tagata ma falemaʻi e aofia ai tausaga o loʻo iai nei, ituaiga, ma le matua o le amataga o le OCD. O suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa, e aofia ai lagona, popolega, faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau, somatoform filifilia, ma faʻafitauli o meaʻai, na faʻavae i luga o faʻamaumauga na maua ma le SCID-I / P. E le gata i lea, o le Fa'atalanoaga Fa'afoma'i Fa'atonu mo Fa'afitauli Fa'aletonu ole Alaleo (OCSDs) (SCID-OCSD; du Toit, van Kradenburg, Niehaus, & Stein, 2001) na faʻaaogaina e faʻamaonia ai OCSDs, lea e aofia ai le maʻi o Tourette ma le DSM-IV impulse-control disorders [ie, Tourette's syndrome, faʻatauga faʻatau, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi (IED), amio faʻaleagaina, ma le CSBD. ]. Na maua le CSBD i le taimi nei ina ua ausia e sui auai tulaga uma nei - na maua le CSBD i le olaga atoa ina ua ausia e tagata auai tulaga uma nei i le taimi ua tuanai ma / poʻo le auai:

-I luga o se vaitaimi e le itiiti ifo i le 6 masina, o se mamanu o le le mafai ona pulea faʻalavelave faifaipea, malosi faʻafefe faʻafeusuaiga, tuʻinanau faʻafeusuaiga, poʻo amioga e le pa'ū i lalo o le faʻamatalaga o le parafilia.
-O mafaufauga, tuinanauga tau feusuaiga, po o amioga e mafua ai le tiga tele poʻo le faʻaleagaina i agafesootai, galuega, poʻo isi vaega taua o le gaioiga.
-O fa'ailoga e le sili atu ona fa'ailoaina e se isi fa'afitauli (fa'ata'ita'iga, fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i, fa'alavelave fa'asese: subtype erotomanic).
-O fa'ailoga e le mafua ona o a'afiaga fa'aletino o se vaila'au (fa'ata'ita'iga, se vaila'au fa'aleagaina po'o se vaila'au) po'o se ma'i lautele.

le Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Fua (YBOCS) fa'ailoga siaki ma le mamafa fua fua na fa'aaogaina e iloilo ai le fa'asologa ma le mamafa o fa'ailoga mata'utia-fa'amalosi (Goodman, Price, Rasmussen, Mazure, Delgado, et al., 1989; Goodman, Price, Rasmussen, Mazure, Fleischmann, et al., 1989).

Suʻesuʻega faʻamaumauga

Na fa'atinoina su'esu'ega tu'ufa'atasi e fa'aaoga ai le IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). χ2 ma Fisher's sa'o su'ega, pe a talafeagai ai, na faia e fa'atusatusa ai fua faatatau masani o OCSDs, e aofia ai le CSBD, i le va o tane ma fafine mama'i o lo'o maua i le OCD ma fa'atusatusa fua o fa'ama'i uma e pei ona iloiloina i le taimi o le fa'atalanoaga (ie, Tourette's syndrome, hypochondriasis, vaila'au fa'alagolago, faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau, faʻalagolago i le ava malosi, faʻaogaina o le ava malosi, faʻafitauli tele o le atuatuvale, maʻi dysthymic, maʻi pipili, faʻatau faʻamalosi, taaloga faʻamaʻi, kleptomania, pyromania, IED, faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻatasi ma agoraphobia, faʻalavelave faʻalavelave e aunoa ma le agoraphobia, agoraphobia e aunoa ma se talafaasolopito o le popole, phobia lautele, phobia faʻapitoa, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi post-traumatic, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, ma amioga faʻaleagaina) i le va o maʻi o le OCD e iai ma leai se CSBD. Tamaiti a'oga t-su'ega na faia e fa'atusatusa ai le matua, tausaga o le amataga o le OCD, ma le YBOCS sikoa i le va o ma'i OCD ma le leai o se CSBD. Fa'amaumauga taua na fa'atulaga ile p <.05.

Amio Taualoa

O faiga su'esu'e sa fa'atinoina e tusa ai ma le Tautinoga a Helsinki. Na fa'amaonia e le Komiti Fa'atonu a le Iunivesite o Stellenbosch (Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee Reference 99/013) le su'esu'ega. O mataupu uma na logoina e uiga i le suʻesuʻega ma tuʻuina atu uma le faʻatagaina.

Tagata matutua i fafo o loʻo iai le OCD o loʻo iai nei (N = 539; 260 tane ma le 279 fafine), ma tausaga e i le va o le 18 ma le 75 tausaga (mean = 34.8, SD = 11.8 tausaga), na auai i lenei suʻesuʻega. Ole aofa'i ole CSBD ile olaga atoa e 5.6% (n = 30) i tagata gasegase o loʻo iai nei le OCD. I tamaʻitaʻi maʻi, o le faʻateleina o le olaga atoa na sili atu le maualuga pe a faʻatusatusa i fafine maʻi [χ2(1) = 10.3, p = .001; Laulau 1]. Aotelega, 3.3% (n = 18) o le faʻataʻitaʻiga na lipotia CSBD o loʻo iai nei. Ma le isi, o lenei mea na sili atu le maualuga i alii pe a faatusatusa i fafine gasegase [χ2(1) = 6.5, p = .011; Laulau 1].

 

laulau

Laulau 1. Ole fa'asologa o le olaga atoa ma fua faatatau o lo'o iai nei ole CSBD pe a fa'atusatusa i isi fa'alavelave fa'aletonu i tagata mama'i e maua i le OCD i le olaga atoa.

 

Laulau 1. Ole fa'asologa o le olaga atoa ma fua faatatau o lo'o iai nei ole CSBD pe a fa'atusatusa i isi fa'alavelave fa'aletonu i tagata mama'i e maua i le OCD i le olaga atoa.

Su'esu'ega i le olaga atoa [n (%)]Su'esu'ega o iai nei [n (%)]
umatagatatamaitaiumatagatatamaitai
CSBD30 (5.6)23 (8.8)7 (2.5)18 (3.3)14 (5.4)4 (1.4)
Pyromania4 (0.7)4 (1.5)01 (0.2)1 (0.4)0
Kleptomania22 (4.1)8 (3.1)14 (5.0)10 (1.9)2 (0.8)8 (2.9)
IED70 (13.0)37 (14.2)33 (11.8)40 (7.4)20 (7.7)20 (7.2)
Taaloga faʻaletonu5 (0.9)5 (1.9)0000

Manatua. CSBD: fa'alavelave tau feusua'iga; OCD: fa'alavelave fa'alavelave; IED: fa'alavelave fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i.

O le CSBD o le lona lua sili ona taatele o le faʻamaʻi-pulea maʻi na iloiloina i lenei vaega o tagata gasegase ma le OCD ina ua maeʻa le IED. Ole fua fa'atatau o isi fa'afitauli fa'aletonu ole fa'anatinati ma taaloga faitupe fa'ama'i (lea o lo'o fa'amauina ile Impulse Control Disorders ile ICD-11) o lo'o fa'aalia fo'i ile Laulau. 1. Pe a faatusatusa i gasegase OCD e aunoa ma le CSBD, o tagata maʻi OCD ma CSBD na lipotia mai le tutusa o tausaga, tausaga o le amataga o le OCD, sikoa YBOCS o loʻo i ai nei, faʻapea foʻi ma se faʻatusatusaga o aʻoaʻoga ma aganuʻu (Laulau). 2).

 

laulau

Laulau 2. Fa'asologa o tagata ma uiga fa'afoma'i o ma'i OCD fa'atasi ma le leai o se CSBD

 

Laulau 2. Fa'asologa o tagata ma uiga fa'afoma'i o ma'i OCD fa'atasi ma le leai o se CSBD

O ma'i e maua i le CSBD [n = 30 (5.6%)]Tagata ma'i e leai se CSBD [n = 509 (94.4%)]χ2/tp tāua
Tausaga (o lona uiga ± SD; tausaga)33.9 ± 9.834.8 ± 11.90.4.7
Amata le matua o le OCD (o lona uiga ± SD; tausaga)15.5 ± 7.617.5 ± 9.91.1.3
Sikoa YBOCS (o lona uiga ± SD)21.4 ± 8.020.7 ± 7.3-0.4.7
Tulaga maualuga o a'oa'oga [n (%)]
Na'o a'oga a'oga15 (50%)212 (42%)0.8.4
A'oa'oga fa'ai'u a'oga15 (50%)297 (58%)

Manatua. SD: va'aiga masani; CSBD: fa'alavelave tau feusua'iga; OCD: fa'alavelave fa'alavelave; YBOCS: Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Fua.

Ole fua fa'atatau mo fa'alavelave fa'alavelave i tagata mama'i ma le CSBD i le olaga atoa o lo'o fa'aalia ile laulau. 3. O le mea taua, o le ma'i o Tourette, hypochondriasis, kleptomania, ma'i pipili, fa'atau fa'amalosi, IED, ma le dysthymia sa i ai se fua fa'atatau i luga a'e o le 3 fa'atasi ai ma se vaitaimi mautinoa i luga atu o le 1.

 

laulau

Laulau 3. Ole fa'asologa o le olaga atoa o fa'alavelave fa'alavelave i tagata ma'i OCD e iai ma leai se CSBD

 

Laulau 3. Ole fa'asologa o le olaga atoa o fa'alavelave fa'alavelave i tagata ma'i OCD e iai ma leai se CSBD

O ma'i e maua i le CSBD [n (%)]Tagata ma'i e leai se CSBD [n (%)]χ2(1)ap tāuaFa'atusatusaga fa'aletonu [CI]
Tourette's syndrome4 (13.3)7 (1.4).00211.0 [3.0-40.1]
Hypochondriasis5 (16.7)11 (2.2)20.7<.0019.1 [2.9-28.1]
Kleptomania5 (16.7)17 (3.3)12.9<.0015.8 [2.0-17.0]
faaletonu Bipolar4 (13.3)15 (2.9).0175.1 [1.6-16.3]
Taaloga faʻaletonu1 (3.3)4 (0.8).2504.4 [0.5-40.2]
Taumafai malosi6 (20.0)28 (5.5)10.1.0024.3 [1.6-11.4]
IED10 (33.3)60 (11.8)11.6.0013.77 [1.7-8.4]
Dysthymia10 (33.3)72 (14.1)8.1.0043.0 [1.4-6.7]
Ava malosi5 (16.7)33 (6.5)4.5.0342.9 [1.0-8.0]
Faʻalavelave faʻalavelave e aunoa ma le agoraphobia3 (10.0)19 (3.7).1202.9 [0.8-10.3]
Ava malosi2 (6.6)14 (2.8).2202.5 [0.5-11.7]
Amioga faatiga ia te ia lava8 (26.7)66 (13.0)4.5.0342.4 [1.0-5.7]
Faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻatasi ma le agoraphobia5 (16.7)39 (7.7)3.1.0802.4 [(0.9–6.6])
Faʻaleagaina o mea1 (3.3)3 (0.6).2102.4 [0.5-10.8]
Faʻasologa o le faʻaleagaina o le Post-traumatic3 (10.0)23 (4.5).1702.3 [0.7-8.3]
Bulimia nervosa3 (10.0)25 (4.9).2002.2 [0.6-7.6]
Fa'alagolago i mea1 (3.3)11 (2.2).5001.6 [0.2-12.5]
Social phobia4 (13.3)52 (10.2).5401.4 [0.5-4.0]
Tele phobia5 (16.7)70 (13.8).6501.3 [0.5-3.4]
Tele maʻi le faʻavaivai21 (70.0)320 (62.9)0.6.4301.2 [0.7-2.2]
Anorexia nervosa1 (3.3)27 (5.3)1.0000.6 [0.8-4.7]
Pyromania04 (0.8)1.000-
Agoraphobia e aunoa ma le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave05 (1.0)1.000-

Manatua. CSBD: fa'alavelave tau feusua'iga; IED: fa'alavelave fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i; OCD: fa'alavelave fa'alavelave; CI: vaeluaga mautinoa.

aUa misi ina ua fa'aogaina le su'ega sa'o a Fisher e fa'atusatusa ai fua fa'atatau.

I lenei suʻesuʻega, matou te fiafia i le faʻateleina ma le sociodemographic ma faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa o le CSBD i tagata mamaʻi ma le OCD. Muamua, na matou iloa o le 3.3% o tagata mamaʻi ma le OCD o loʻo i ai nei le CSBD ma le 5.6% o loʻo i ai le CSBD i le olaga atoa, ma e sili atu le maualuga o le faʻamaʻi i alii nai lo tamaitai. Lona lua, na matou iloa ai o isi tulaga, aemaise lava lagona, faʻalavelave-faʻamalosi, ma faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, e sili atu ona taatele i tagata OCD ma le CSBD nai lo i latou e leai se CSBD, ae le o faʻafitauli ona o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau poʻo amioga faʻafefe.

O fua faatatau muamua o fua faatatau masani o le CSBD na saunia e Carnes (1991) ma Coleman (1992) na fautua mai e oʻo atu i le 6% o tagata mai le faitau aofaʻi lautele e mafatia i amioga faʻafeusuaiga faʻamalosi. E ui lava e le o manino pe na faapefea ona maua nei tala faatatau (Black, 2000), o suʻesuʻega faʻamaʻi mulimuli ane na faʻamaonia ai o feusuaiga faʻamalosi, lea e mafai ona aofia ai le faʻateleina o masturbation, faʻaogaina ponokalafi, numera o paaga feusuaʻiga, ma feusuaʻiga i fafo, e taatele i le faitau aofaʻi lautele (Dickenson et al., 2018). O a matou suʻesuʻega i luga o fua faatatau o le CSBD i le OCD e foliga mai e faʻatusatusa i latou i le faitau aofaʻi lautele (Langstrom & Hanson, 2006; Odlaug et al., 2013; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010). Peita'i, so'o se fa'ai'uga e uiga i le fa'atupuina o le CSBD e tatau ona faia ma le fa'aeteete ona e ono a'afia fua fa'atatau ile aganu'u fa'aagafesootai ma e ono fesuisuia'i ile faitau aofa'i. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i totonu o tamaʻitaʻi fitafita fitafita, o le fua faatatau o le CSBD o loʻo i ai nei e foliga mai e sili atu le maualuga (16.7%) pe a faʻatusatusa i tagata gasegase o le mafaufau (4.4%) ma tamaiti aʻoga i le iunivesite (3%) i le Iunaite Setete e faʻaaoga ai le faatalanoaga tutusa mo le CSBD (Grant, Levine, Kim, & Potenza, 2005; Odlaug et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2014). E le gata i lea, o le tele o fuataga eseese ma le faʻaogaina o le faufale na faʻaaogaina e iloilo ai le CSBD, ma faʻatapulaʻaina ai le faʻatusatusaina o taunuʻuga. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, Jaisoorya et al. (2003) faʻaaogaina se fua faʻatatau e suʻesuʻe ai faʻafitauli o le faʻamalosi e faʻavae i luga o le DSM-IV faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻatusatusa ai faʻalavelave faʻatasi (e aofia ai le faʻamalosia o feusuaiga) i tagata mamaʻi ma le OCD (n = 231) ma mataupu e pulea (n = 200) i le faitau aofaʻi o Initia. Na latou iloa e naʻo le tasi le mataupu na lipotia mai le faʻateleina o le faʻalavelave faʻafeusuaiga i le olaga atoa (e ono faʻatusatusa pe leai foi ma le CSBD).

Na matou iloa foʻi o le tele o faʻamaʻi pipisi e sili atu ona maua i tagata OCD ma CSBD nai lo i latou e leai se CSBD. E fa fa'alavelave fa'atasi ai ma fa'afitauli fa'aletonu, e pei o le IED, Tourette's syndrome, kleptomania, ma le fa'atauva'a fa'atau, na sili atu ona taatele i tagata OCD ma CSBD pe a fa'atusatusa i latou e leai se CSBD. O le faʻateleina o nei faʻafitauli i le olaga atoa na maualuga atu nai lo isi lipoti o loʻo suʻesuʻeina lo latou faʻateleina i gasegase CSBD (Black et al., 1997; Raymond et al., 2003), e faʻaalia ai se faʻaletonu sili atu ona faʻaleagaina i le puleaina o lagona i tagata e lua faʻafitauli, o le CSBD ma le OCD. Talu ai ona o le tele o faʻamaoniga e lagolagoina ai se sootaga faʻavae i le va o nisi ituaiga o OCD ma Tourette's syndrome (Pauls, Leckman, Towbin, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Pauls, Towbin, Leckman, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Swain, Scahill, Lombroso, King, & Leckman, 2007), o matou faʻamatalaga e mafai foi ona faʻaalia e tutusa le kenera poʻo le neurobiological (Stein, Hugo, Oosthuizen, Hawkridge, & van Heerden, 2000) e mafai fo'i ona fa'alavelave tagata ta'ito'atasi ile CSBD. Na matou maua foi le maualuga o le olaga atoa o faʻafitauli o le mafaufau, aemaise le dysthymia ma le maʻi pipili i tagata gasegase OCD ma le CSBD nai lo lipoti muamua e uiga i faʻamaʻi pipisi i le CSBD (Raymond et al., 2003). E taua le matauina o nisi tagata e faʻaaogaina amioga faʻafeusuaiga faʻamalosi e faʻafetaui ai le atuatuvale ma lagona le lelei (Folkman, Chesney, Pollack, & Phillips, 1992). O le mea lea, ole CSBD atonu e le gata e faʻaaogaina mo le faʻatonutonuina o lagona e nisi o gasegase ae e mafai foi ona avea ma mafuaʻaga o le faʻaleagaina o lagona ona o mafatiaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le CSBD. Kafka (2010) na taʻua muamua e faapea o nisi vaega o le hypomanic e foliga mai e sili atu ona puupuu nai lo le 4 aso (Benazzi, 2001; Judd & Akiskal, 2003), ina ia mafai ona fa'avasega sese mataupu i lalo o le la'ititi ma le CSBD pe a fa'aalia amioga fa'afeusuaiga o se fa'ailoga o le ma'i pipili. O a matou faʻamaumauga e ogatasi ma se manatu e tatau i fomaʻi ona faʻaeteete i le suʻesuʻeina o le CSBD i tagata mamaʻi e maua i le maʻi pipili. Na matou iloa foi o le faʻateleina o se isi faʻalavelave faʻalavelave-faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, hypochondriasis (Coleman, 1991; Jenike, 1989), na matua maualuga lava i tagata OCD ma CSBD. O tagata gasegase e maua i le hypochondriasis e masani lava ona i ai ma popolega i le soifua maloloina o le tino (Salkovskis & Warwick, 1986). O i latou e masani ona faia feusuaʻiga poʻo le masturbation o loʻo mafatia i le hypochondriasis atonu e matua lamatia lava i le iloa o latou amioga faʻafeusuaiga e le lelei. Atonu latou te popole i le fesili pe o latou tuʻinanauga tau feusuaʻiga ma amioga e "le pulea" pe i totonu o tuaoi masani.

tapulaa

Ole tele o tapula'a o lenei su'esu'ega e tatau ona fa'amamafaina. Muamua, o lenei suʻesuʻega e naʻo tagata maʻi OCD e aunoa ma se vaega faʻatonutonu o tagata CSBD e leai se OCD. O su'esu'ega ile CSBD ile OCD atonu e le fa'asalalauina i isi vaega fa'ata'ita'i, e mana'omia ai nisi su'esu'ega. E le gata i lea, o nei tagata auai e leʻi sailia togafitiga mo le CSBD ma atonu e le o le faitau aofaʻi masani o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le falemaʻi ma le CSBD. E le gata i lea, ona o le maualalo o le numera o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo faʻataunuʻuina tulaga o le CSBD, matou te leʻi vavaeeseina le vaega e ala i le itupa i nisi auiliiliga, e ui o le psychopathology o le CSBD atonu e eseese i alii ma tamaitai. Matou te leʻi faʻasaʻoina foʻi le tele o faʻatusatusaga ona o le maualalo o le numera o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo faʻataunuʻuina le CSBD ma le natura suʻesuʻe o lenei suʻesuʻega.

CSBD na maua ile fa'aogaina ole SCID-OCSD. O lenei meafaigaluega e suʻesuʻeina taʻiala autu o suʻesuʻega o le CSBD i le ICD-11 e taulaʻi i le faʻalavelave ma le faʻaleagaina (silasila i le vaega "Metotia"); ae ui i lea, i le Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines version of ICD-11, o atugaluga e uiga i le overpathologizing o loʻo faʻatatau foi e fesoasoani i fomaʻi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, i totonu o tuaoi i vaega masani). O la matou meafaigaluega sa leai se vaega o tuaoi.

Faaiuga ma faatonuga i le lumanai

I le faaiuga, oa tatou faʻamaumauga o loʻo faailoa mai ai o le maualuga o le CSBD i le OCD e tutusa ma i latou i le lautele o tagata ma i isi faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa. E le gata i lea, na matou iloa ai o le CSBD i le OCD na sili atu ona faʻataunuʻuina ma isi faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, faʻamalosi, ma le faʻafitauli, ae le o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalapotopotoga poʻo vailaʻau. O lenei sailiga e lagolagoina ai le faʻamalamalamaina o le CSBD e avea o se maʻi le malosi. I le agai i luma, o tulaga faʻasaʻoina ma ni mea lelei o le mafaufau e manaʻomia e iloilo ai le auai ma le matuia o le CSBD. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona faʻaauauina le faʻamalosia o le faʻatalanoaina o lenei maʻi ma ia aoina faʻamatalaga faʻamalosi faaopoopo, ina ia mafai ai ona faʻaleleia le tausiga faʻapitoa.

O le CL ma le DJS na vaavaaia le mamanu o suʻesuʻega, mauaina le faʻatupega, ma vaavaaia le saunia o tusitusiga. Sa faia e le JF su'esu'ega fuainumera. Na tusia e JF ma PB le ata muamua o le tusitusiga. O tusitala uma na saofagā tele i le mamanu faʻavae o le suʻesuʻega ma le faʻauʻuga mulimuli o tusitusiga. Na latou maua le avanoa atoatoa i faʻamatalaga uma i totonu o le suʻesuʻega ma ave le matafaioi mo le faʻamaoni o faʻamaumauga ma le saʻo o le auiliiliga o faʻamaumauga.

Le lipoti a le au tusitala e leai ni mea tau tupe po'o se isi sootaga talafeagai i le autu o lenei tusiga.

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